1984-1985 - askjpc.org
Transcription
1984-1985 - askjpc.org
0) = (! E o c U' (o ^ l E a o E l ..-i -lJ OJ I E rd -t q- I c C ..1=. "jt 'Fll d l 'Fl I 1r '-l +) f | qJl (U ocl C'-l .-l tr - - t - F{ (,l - l c o)l (ol .-,t I o Tl c c( ol l ctl f-. I ol a = r{ 0) +) 4 l O- rco +) - l sl lc '-l f-. Ol .-l I . - L l.'-{ | O ' - l l L rI >\E Fl o- &) t . l lEl rfil 3l c6 -tl ..{ -i I C <l.ll o c l e ^ ).41 e4 O h a a (of 4 e (/)l(o o) ol dl C f J '.{ l{ O! O).-l C o+)0) > ( U 8 -LE..r F{ o f,l f J-}+)l (6l C (o(I)-ll k : l f l c9]f,(,l O+J t{ oo o f zE cr).-l o O+).a.) f{.-{ (J-lo) ( l ) f f Z.QE E - r d r .! I oo - r t f, r t E ) f, +) O Frl :l'-r ojl .*.1 (Jo o a . J f4 A n bt +J o OJ a G . J o-o c) o G f k q-l t{ el ;l al q-u) o(J oc]) t-.1 +) - E fr-O o (! :<J ( F O < q-.-l O Ocot! t!(, ..Fl C)O El * lI \o r<\ t\ rf Ft HI *l 9t -l Fl >l *l ol I PI ^ l ln q o\ <"1 o\ o .-{ h +J+ f\ r\ o) O H H E = ( F > Ot-{ (o 0J >C C +r.-t.Ft (J -l[-.Oq) f O._t -O a = O O O f t!>=G \o <t rq o\ $ \o o\ o\ r-$ o\ '{ \ c\l {f s A N f.\ Fl o L tn n r.\ I |f\ I r \o v \o o\ c\ \o s o\ I IY F X 0) J E, +-) c = r A - V) -t F\ ,-.t X .|J (n r!) r o0J )<..i :< o+) o ('q+ r o o O C o (f)> > o..t .Ft .Fl g F{ f CDJ c = +)< GIJ- { t H C o\ co rn € o\ F.l S O\ $ I {f Gl(\ H\O J co oo) +J l-) f{ o qq-) o. 0) +J V) o\ .{ N 3 l (6 +sl ( - ) l . l ( t s 1 P OJ a 0) .J A - $ L C c*l J - qr (t (' 'nl -l 0) T .-l .-l +J o) F.. o (o g) 5l xr 8r<l E a J g) Ol -r 0) o- a o.i co c'-i Q l.'{o. o a a ( U 0 >-O(/)l Ef,I -o-ll (/)f{F{l @ .c.dl EJJOI lrl O -l Q Ol f CO-l C <o t,l +J .Frl HI HI 6l .- (l) CDI c (l)l cL -Jl ol -ll t l .Fi a n U) '-t +) o .Fi o_ E O t{ (o(dI O ()l o(t)l >-cl E+rl Ol Ct+rl Col '-{ trl a ..t = c l U) .F{ A o C : l(oo) c o !rOf (o+rG E 6oj:o .-J f 0) A I, '-l CLl !(01 .-t ol F { : OJ(!l !EI C al 0JCol -rl (/)OI = c)l O +rl +)cr,l ro.-ll I H H H H t-l H H H H H H rc\ .E t (o C oo- b E.h j o(/l O'F{ rg q ) (o . 9 = t{ (nc) 9 E =Fa OFt +r (l) (of, E = 5 o - E € . .Ft CO !) =t +) (JE ro +r 'F{ c) +) ?tth (l) E+) F{ C O'al (D g€ E >< E' -i c H E 0) x I F -R H E Rn, E 3 ot-i tr (l)FI J' d PP td rE 6 i E 'F{+ FloJ zc U r00) s-L aj i f.; d e .g'; UqQlg P d H l6 . .h, -i >g i' 1i €l l :i 3 t 6 ta I ; ; b 'Fi E nr H .:' E, E b < o. ti;i FI ( F -ii 0 t E.i.a H dr ( 0 '4P ,iH U .il.-{ !-) ;n l Es € P E9 e ' ! F = r i1 ! 0) C ! i n a a - a 5 '6i6 - ;. r r t j.;J '-{) 6 6 6G g +i s (5 P et o) O r - n O ' - R E ; € et r ) +br c ): r{ C - t! } > '-i.! (! Fl E Ir : l e8 =e 5fi 52 F @ F o c C @ O 6 { u \ I \ o \ { t $ @ \ r \ N o o { o -r t + { ) -tFl d d) FJ: = JiX = 'FF 't o 6 tc\ s -l F\ ( - l S o c f I N $ f - O C F Ln N 0) ( c= c = - _(J Jt- ( a q ] o o @ \O s 0 \ F{ l \ o t{ >\(o f: if 6d ! N f- n 3E N @ N f- n s \ -l c q o Fl l'. co O\ co F-{ c {. F o FIF{ o I \ N lrC [.r\c I N co i i9 E 9 e (oo EO o- xF== z g = f,ix H v l \O Fl O\ UN f\ $ O\ tf\ f\ O\ -l { o\ Fl Y x =-r (,F (^ -1 -) 6 0 ' V = 5 o H E 'F : 6 = N r rJ\ \ o O\ N O O\ Ft Fl t\ l t.\ @ z N cO t \ \ x @ o\ o o N @ q c0 +) +) cl a \o c\I +J F\ H H I i H H H H H H H H H H ) F 5 L I = 'F) 0) o E O \ E .d . : CFI . € ( >= F^ a Y dO ^ l - c) H g H J o H tq \o \ g F l ( < o\ l T\O ) F \ q F O tr 5 f C N tn O \ N s 6 \ \o I t{ co N F O N @ O | O F $ O r i ( 1C E5 -c 68+ l , : ) 0) N i ; o L +J C = f{ o (U| a l O !) -.2 5 F J a Jh r I ) o) L u 'F't rD r' = 8e r{ (l) .,Pl .Fi p s ) ' i 'ql gl E= :''' H y 6d 'r':.. -.8 PS r { J -{l ;' n i? s* HEl lEa E o'tl P {J o'.i .-r > ca : ii .,{ F .rl a c eQ o .e- a o ,. =a o oJ tr= i ; E 6 Z.P UIE E '-4 o cf, b i6 '- ;i /L € s F EB (!(l) t{ :l - r-{ 'd3 88 -{o .; E -';i Fi P '-l '-l AA . ;; H aa a5 ; ! ) ) o + E t r-'i =q u'.'1 H H H H ( - .al I E N i (o . <o F 6 1: an +) .Fr +) a t{ - .r-rl (l).-'ll 5 o l €ol t3 d- *!Et : .-i ._r | ol o(6l p+Jl Eo +) E E E;I s : iapgrl ;3 f8r3-1Rs6t E : €.!l Ep g E o -c ql L) .c- E l ; r n. :t €; E; = lH ; l i F o . e l ';i g ;t eil sEse'iFEI sEHeI tJ .3.s1 E E 'ci .P.e Fl+) O +rOl (o E .-{ ;l (,.-r -o6Z d-cl =c-rl ..r o uL c P F TO--llF ] -O8 E qJ o1l - E t.Fl > O. H 9 € g J o t .rJ gEdE 9 : J GE 59 ( r F{ o 0 .-c gr U 2 ! a 4 - J q \ F{ 0 s o o - R o F o \ c o { l i < ' x c | _ o s \ f g q p x C c ! o o \ F C € E .''I f{ G a o(/) >< .Ft .o \ \ O\ O f $ O\ = al o\ n F s Fl $ c g -t o o \ \ q \O N @ s O\ € cO q +) +J a N IJ\ € s o\ z. N F{ \o f-l F{ Fl F{ $ N .Ft 3 \o rn -t |r\ $ o\ f\ (! a 3d E \ o q, O) ) c 0) - \ o Fl -{ o C v x (!' Fl s\ ln \ i ' t n ! n ! t \ \ o @ o 6 = olt N ocn \ ) t{ ( 6 - F (L..{ t l [-{ .Fl c cr-O = gd o(I) ''-1 t*' , r{ 0J 'n n o'8, Ia l qo - r-i .F{ J ) ' cru) oo o Fa d [ I o .F{ 4 ) . , ilJ I ^t- +J ! 4 o > 2' t-{ (' o0) >+J .-l C 3'd. I s I € s r n l o\ |f\ v { N H H H H H l-{ \o H H H H H H H .edr il€l A il E,,HC ; iEl *E E; i 9s i;c ;* ge; gE;I HgI HE I *,Fi t$l s pe:l .9"3 !q F EHEI !J ^Xi i l B 2 * P Eg FE: E: E.EE g E€€e gs r ng g t i : E g : ; gt E : 3 !) +J( d b r o - +) . i o 6 l ElHiBHctsgsgF E i ! F E :El s E e el = F{ q)+, F{C) .F{ f, CDE E tr o) C) (U +J o J ( t { ...t +) U(* 0J O l ) 2 O J (/) C a E .-l o_ (/)+) c') C C = ) 'Fl :< a J t R )t' m =' 5 J !A F 5t E tr '-t .r_) a.) (o c) +) (6 OCo .F{ c) o) G' c O) tr c) +) +) a q $ g o\ r\ s o\ N g o\ = o = rn .-t .io = tn q N F{ -l co \o C\l s N i - = ( J d h 6'o F r O oJJ a l to E o .;o = <t LL h a s o = E H L, Z ! IJ\ F O F O { f , O \ { \ n F -t F{ <ro Z*t \o ! |n o\ -1 L q E 1f,.Fl A 'l a s o\ = { - O \o -1 I lq @ o t N I n '-.1 I F{ z s I N o (}\ $ {i. c N F s A Fl I \o \ o s $ o ln S @ $ CO P c) z. F H H H H H Ft g o c) N ! A E .Fl ..i t- a o\ o) a (o +J o OJ z. g @ 0) H H H t-.{ H l (-l | I .2 Hl oj' : u })'d a '.9 - -l?l E , , E - r g:lF f r ;l €:l s c; el d ' ; . r l .zE. EA.:.i A,l A laalEfuiHE i c a tl c si H g; * s E le E iAE ; e ' dE d EnnE *i!, gr E g H . sE l EeEI f i ; ; i e ; q g; F-a $E3f;Ef,l ib-€ r,-d-al <EO - I c (o +) .F{ E g Pa€ ' O . , - CE .= E- =d .o. (i 5 f{ < o ,r-r . c o) o< (\ o\ r\ s o\ Fl U (7J+)-{-l l- 0) tr (o C (o .-l 'i o) 88 i *E ;o '9- t Pf F 6 :< o) .>5+ , 3 j. o . A h .)r '-t :< -l = O- F{ ( O r ;l ) Ec c t . +r.-t Eg E C . H . ! t.r) c c <r-{ Fl N \o s 6 -l o ( 'Fl n n ..{ o g-' ro d q o.E) o !o F{ 'nE ! : f .-l-l€ O > Fl ..l o c cl= t o-a) co(-)> \o O\ q \ o\ o n A $ o\ Fl -l r\ N !n o !n s F H I -it T F{ F r-\ c f A P 2 ) c-l o\ Fl N t I q L q +J (o l C c) .l-, +J +) a = !n @ \o -t lr\ @ I 6 g N I - aa, 0) O .-t Ft E t{ -{ |r\ o\ a o z. co \o .t c..l $ o\ \o n I +JC 'n 9.1 \o s \o g o\ I = I <t ln H s $ I N -l )< -c FI l*. OJ -{ Fl -l ! H c) ,E -H v, U- @ H H H :, n A s co H c .Ft> lF{ r +r tJ) t O s -Ll o)0J .Ft J +) o s 0) C .F{ ts{ -{ H H I . b- -9 "; '!9 e 5 (6E t{ (6 o'! 53 HE KE EFt :€ *i; "E; 3 . t , .gl H- oH q f; FEbE E g ; is + E P Ep <I.r-r :lE f{ (l) krc e 9ft8 f E; 5g .-l .-{ t-c '] i3: 3t ; b . c o d ) ?q FE ts.d ';oE .3 'i ,ifi , q l q, 8E .- ! t E P b{^ { *l agg E eil ,^"' *o -€{ 3 . - ] J - l ',6B' "- L3 : i e d l i P a 16et *6'*; t5i 8;8 F F la3 .5;'3 e r Eesr eelr ; gi E : : I E A E T E EFI E ; i H E 3 5 F E S d E E s ls 3 € s e F ' E E OJ E 0) ''') F { c CA .'tLl @ t c 'Fl (6 F-,1 cD o- o u1 () trn = h P oo H (u ) ) 4 ts{ 0) t{k (l)o u v v rc o a c t > | '-l o > t{(o C f O +) H L (o .F{ 0) I (l) -Ct +J f{ = o o.o o) E >F{ O_ >.Fr A J-1 - nt q- oJ F{ 0, o c (F .c. a ) (6 ..t P -c. m 'e{ F .Fl J o + c *J o J { t a ( J dF ) U +J o il = - c) +J G -l Fl F I G a O J E O).-l t- o o t{ 0J 0) +) r{ O O - - O H z { l.f\ \o F\ N |r\ Fl lt\ -t F g .F{ N O tq s $ F l F \o n $ o\ o\ F,| Fl F { O o_(5 co s o\ o\ rl d . , g v > N .F{ f.{ C '-l J q r\ o\ o\ o\ { o\ F F ^ (F.r{ nt G+J -l >.F{ G +) )< A t h - l F |(\ n q Fi -? o\ F{ F{ a - g - R v o\ g @ -l F g N $ l co t s co \ F l ol s co o\ F @ N lCO tc\ oU A 4 C f fc\ I fq cO - s (J o s c! I s tf\ N N I $ s \o -t F{ o) : o\ H H F.t t.\ $ N C\t t^F co 't\ -l \O @ tc\ Nlq @ @ H H H FI H H F-.1 H I C ( l ) I f ..{l er E.-rl .cg: . --r .F5{ l1 ..cro1 o .Fr +) 'i rC h 5o o ,N o-tnlN ,Eol g:la a a . e ;l i r +) C !l H a - C OI(/)l '(do E- q -< ' a I O !g B 58 I '-r (6 [ c 5 J = b +r t6i I E 9 i { c o.l -F{ .r-l >qJ x x l ; t{ C c o o _ .-l O {/) u)+J (/,I O l r3;: . ?o l- l ig. 3B b bl H ti *,r >.-c u,r 2 EF,l i' E d- l / ) ? H S = J 5Ea r -,T1ql *99i1 i - i Bqil H6-ql ? 5 bE=e O- 5 ) J . or F{ H T FBI ; l I HA B 6 o) f + J | t.r)l +r c o fl Of,OI . O s;El 9€'dl€flE d F{ q) . oo(/) .e*"ail:fgieEE E (') n E c .Fl f< a = g o = + s f{ 0) o C F { .Ft +) o-> c)c) O-'''{ .Fl C :-C (J o .-l t{ C o- F. (o O th .Fl (l) o+) t{ (D tJ.. E 'Fl +) =V) @ $ n o\ o\ (/)o o(, rn € o\ l f O .J n U (o E f{ at o (! CJ) o) c') ) g o\ tc\ F Cf .tt F I -{N F\ q o\ \ F t A { F{ F { l C fq o V) - f-.r ro+, (.)c) + il id E .j oJ (t tr oJ tr-d | s,q c . For r -t-C s.r-r 0J C +r.. q= l N :-c .oFo{ r r \ n -l !n o { o\ CO F- s o\ Fl o\F fqn $ tq |n|^ o o l l N N -l Fl -r q .P I o - 8Fr > (D .-t 5 c..{ =J \o I N @ I Fr F ' $ -5c bt +r-{ O.Q OE F{ 6 o-(J O \ o q Fl f\F { ar :J ^ ' ! C+) A a Aq (6 O , (J O o \ { \ / l r o { O \ o N N o $ -l F{ qd a01 o+) l{ tr o _0J rCJ S \ O\ O\ O\ A !o E I 3 'd (l'-l o oJ c <dl-- E o) = -1 rn o\ Fl N q N r s c O O - f o \ \ t . - I N {f N l l t o \ @ c o t \ rt\ !n @ (o ( r-) -) o\ H H H 6 = H H H H = H H H g r\ F-l o r J . d)A - o . t n @ ;"i 6 E O O 5 ov -> o<( d-c (o rFl ^-C o z.vo- J ,X '66b E a l [ E l ! ^ - : !; e E 0) = *.Eg aE.q3 0(,c') !r I lt1.91 gt E =r P ; <.r:< I t .=l ig;H - A oo = ;o E g ; F : l s EE l g ne e : : lr tti ) E E I * . eE s oi,i i I 'h & I 88 u aa . : H l E . gE l x H € 5l - . " F { E (u €( 68( J a g E€ si *EI ;'ll e:t - : o: ' i q 8 1 ;€l -eE .-t (ts O 'a5 I -' i8 E Ft Fl t 3 a) + ( E E 3E o.4 .-{ > !)(tt o .-t F g q) c C I ) a t{ nt ..{ J J (F g o +J ( E c 'Ft O fi 6 0 . E d 0 ] d' 5 -1 CL @ O O c H N C (\l | / 1 s € o\ \ F f . t 9 O f n f o s o\ T al e € 0) a t{ +J tn g o a > { 8 F (\l @ $ o\ Fl F{ F{ F{ f\ F\ :<= \o \o Fl fq o\ Fl F{ t4 .F.{ (o - E U R V N @ l , -1 0) o 6 - (6 o .Fr +J o z. @ !n cf O\ s O\ l ojo F O - -o b3 b8 .'-r +) .:; 5.X . =d 5= q ( X-l = o F N ( Q R L F{ F{ U) O'.{ E G o z. N \o c) O\ $ O\ -l F{ -r @ o\ \ E A \ o\ |f\ Ft I\ s o\ -l F{ F{ o\ \o I (\ N r.f\ o c l r n t l l s o - I f \ @ z t q . @ . F I @ l fq co ? ( ! = ( r) = F\ N H \q F ( { co | N - u \ l t\ ! a .o = > J l |f\ @ !n !n r-) T r co o - (nL) o = lf\ H H H H H H H H H r\ Fl H (o (E ..t OJ ; e c {'' ! ia s€; C $ F : i 6 * g it , , E , i*t 5 ,.' fi r-Tn EEI E i ri E e E ;E rE; i$; :l l :. iFgi l s l l : $ tE H€ H l !i. gnl* c) F.{ E (- -t 6 E ai i , E E sH l : 5 : ri E E E IifE r : E t f i n : E E gEt H? : ; ? = E l gg E E5 € €9 : : F;'"EB sBeH N o c C = J t l o f . > l r - , c . l < c F A < g t ) J A . +) a OJ F ) C 1l 'Ft u f{ d F F.{ = t{ (l) c 0 .F{ ) l( 8 9 8 & o J o o > = .at (!O f r O (- J C o - .otn E . .f.{ oa O O .-lO C-.{ I \O O\ \O * <O co= f.\ N -l C t O\ O\ cO tf\ ) n F 6 rn co -o O u- f , C o L .F{ =h ' { Ft F{ n c $ O\ 5 Fi >'r E -E O)+J @ 0) t (6 L co $2, @ l.\ N \ J c O l'r\ F O o ( ' A f - n (d q) +J co o & = ( 8 = ) c U 6 . I g-5 Q- d . Po) cE +)E EE-:$ 5fi .H$ F N $ A rt O $ tc\ O\ \O O\ Fl t O ! \ F n N \ o q o\ F{ o N Fl o d E > !' A- -t O\ | i- to -a F{ q ( .: $ q $ <f t\ s -l lrJ l A n t C t s 2 \ $ ] c N ) = s tf\ o O o I $ @ l N q N l $ l I I t(\ N N I o\ \o FI Fl I n rn @ = ; 3 \o H ( F g .r..! c d >'F{ N O ) .C. -o q ) = Ut\ -l H F-{ F-{ t-.i H r-.t H H H cO o\ Fl FI ( r t l -or 6l 5rl / , o 5 (U a . e l .. t .s) o qt E -t ol e"el *gg FHI e<nl cl=| 6-"? .8.p .i 8l.jr -c o ' E : r E l- ! E: H 9€l E c EeH g A ; € ls € ; ; : E t ? E a € : i€E3 . i9 ; E € E s3 E g-51 rr-oF*d e-o E 5 z8o P i5 8 ' E ' i l.o H -o-! cl .P =O@l gft o..<.l ta =, t H l, EH !3 .i e : l . 5F'g HEI E :fiE: E!. E,E l p . s tE I 5 . E ; E s ; ' i i i . EE l Fx: Es!nE ! E E E I3 t E F E I # P EE *" E ,9 1 E Ei E € E f; -t (o -r-) o) = (o E t{ f-r o) o 0) a t{ 0) c) a 8 . O O : N (F o\o o r\ t\ q o\ 5 t O- -c(! .-1 + ) . .-l +., t { O )< 0.) O E f.4 -C O O {s cf s o o\ |r\ tr\ o\ .h) co> tf\ cO s 6 =cl FI k - ..i .a.) c) ) F{ olf Fr 0) t{ = J +J +J t.(d (UFl Q +) o I IY a { F (n ! o (l)(6 t{ -l J J -1 f{ : n (! .F{ o (o J U' +, fi CD = C' T \o N $ F{ o\ q $ o\ o\ -l F{ (! J . - F{ 0) N 6 {1 ( F k o l O >(, d L O { J { F c) .Fl<4 c . F . t< - \o o\ l<\ \o € o\ Fl N (o ? co lr\ Fl o\ o\ @ -l g \o o € I s o\ o\ tq I N \o a Fl Cl @ I rn J = \ I I s I J rt\ .1 o) tL t! o r\ N N H H H H H H FI N 6 GI I !n cO ! co F{ c! H H H @ .F{ & . 0J F ) { l ) E }( ! 0) - . o = l .Ft I FH - -ol c o c o G l o l ' 3a E ' , . e ' d 5 E l <u.-tO oo , f. ol l u31 3 ' o . o C l , t ' O E ( 6 I Q- l . 1 # (/,.-tl Ol f O- O OFI lJ O (d t{ 3( ! Of il l -El C8u 'r tC E " o+B) - l E (! 5tt F{ O f +J C. ( U ( l ) F{:f (JE f{ (! olt.-t 0 c o >OF o- E a U ! r t I L F F q qil .d'd (61 C+r m l d Q J+) E d o.lJ (, ; { d \ a -c C[ L) c oro ! 5.i A JFI q) C .Fl O C ti t-{ O o) oo -{> C .Fl D O) C 2to2+l = f-{ A o o E c f t { F{ O) a 1 F- o ) ( u +J f < - ) < C t -{ (J = F l' o(, 8; +J (U (nJ t r O . o(/, C O l^* XA OJ = O ) =(! O'-t o o \ c o r \ r F \ @ u \ O\ . .99 2t- F s o\ F{ F{ }) |) ..j 0) +) Fl O o f{ a +rf - ! Fl3 (o s 1 . ! +) (I'(/) u . or-o OG l i i . '-lO A l r N -l o !n o\ Fl F z. F{ O< o\ f.\ F s 6 -{ o o v o) iE o oF{ O J O f { O o O H .F{ - E J N E E g oco o-<.2. v) = J.-l = (\t H 1 -.1 C w ' . r J = $ o\ \o |r\ o\ .Fl | ^ co N rJ\ O\ O\ N F c o o \ \ o o ri Fl \ o\ Fl $ co I F l\ l q \o tn IJ\ I q Fl r\ N t co r^ co \o tf\ I = - F{ ( = o IC.l N o\ rn -l -l I t(-) oU t c o u1 o Ft = = O N -l H r-{ c! C\ rt\ o\ o\ E. rn co H t-{ 0 sg '-!el 8"l e5 o3 s , E:E€ E o n +) o ccr J ) o 'Fl J o..r{ |4 Fl ro e5 1t = G) -f{ { g i g i 5 s E , g n lE e E , a A Z , :! i o f i s _ dEt $ H I E A E ' E5 . $ 8 f l' 9 s , H H e , = L L, I ct (E E (/) ;5: - og a€| . bF= i.sua !d.. 8 5 : l '8F ' rr ;6 ;3 ie F.l (o oo Cf.rt/)l ( l P :v A fi.{E E'6;jE . . dE . i _ . E : ; , E bsE 6* eE93 ,A . ug Is- (/)l E l o H H F\ N H H H H ,; ? L ut -1 (!.Fl . E= Fi 66 I t/)t o g s o f (r) .-r O B 8 . 5 -r ,io. Al 3 ooFl E "UI Eorll 1 g 'oi Frl a t - -o -O gtf l< - ic €u )s- l l l (I) . o F1 -1 A cu C) o'-l-il (o Fr!'dl s3 s €6 8'd3l 6, & !H HFHI i frS zc<l 5€ E E f ' F .Fl 5 C d tr 0) r { F1 a -{O 0) C C (EnC. A 'Ft F o :< L .--l , 3 ; jrl o.l-_ ft {; EGi-ol ot =:Egl ;:dil I P b g a g o !€ ; 8 e E = : l? .-l r{ d O.r= -tl E 1: E,3.9'6 E . l5a l 3 * -l O+r o) o o + fr ( ( 0) t{ 0) -1 'd i b -; >'-l E8 6b F 3-. qi E8 E'd , lc D ) P f-{ d l ( ) C ( H tL + o o ? d ^F H'i.I 5E t{ F{ ( 0 O) 0 c ) O A o: g E F eg'E l 5? EE +J qFt fr ur 'Fl (/)l t-.1 r) o F{ A hY (6 Fl ( o T J t-t o j 0 J X F = H' - o .C, !) | / ) - o -( oU ( J! . o . .Fl - ' F l J i ) C O r F .-t C . (l) i ={ F \ o O g I O -C. f-l lf f 6 = E N 5 N t zo \ @ @ r n - t r \ o F \ o @ l \ c o N c o s < f s s o\ o\ o\ o\ s t € F{ $ z, s c N cO O\ J = o l c $ o rt\ l -6 .-t ! (,-o (d f{(oO O_tN e. = ( g c 0 J d<2 I f.\ o\ g o\ o\ \o o\ N c i8 =- .Fi.Fi c h =< c ( F o o f\ g O q E > -C'-{ o c f-)= G co OC O > N P c .5 -o- oU 0 '-l . tr O) (o< N f.\ o N o T r q !n \ cO S \ co f.\ $ ltr' g o\ o\ -1 -1 Fl $ fN f c $ N - o c { l $ O f F o - i rt\ @ t{ Fi tq f-t o- H H c{ H H H H |*i H H N H H r_{ H \ l ( .o .! -t o. OO(,1 fo- l . . .; El t t c = l O'-tl <o ; - c F { l (]O (ol o - . ( / ) ( /. ra >'f,l(n ia o E a'-{ o +''{) oo t{ -{ +JO .n c >\o E F { o o o ( +) +) )D l O o > t'4 +JFr a+) >? E C I o o +r +) . o tn o o ,'-t o >q E g 6 (D c| Cr--i >F{ Av .-l .-{ -o oJ x .-{ f O FE! ru+r o o o r 8 8 +) C F{ o e h L{ c '-l t-L O !} o Fr O O (, O o - {-) (u(o o e A E c) o C'-l f{ -o .-{ U- ,; -co c ELI'd ,H? ,f H E -l O O E'-l f E <-r .(.'j| c J . F i C .Fl Fl ...t o x t { (6f =+) O'-l cjs(lJ O (,E .; r) .-i I o E t{ o O - l -l O O ' a j a O.-r q)(' E o s (o Ft rt._t =-c. E O 'q 9D=l @ E t s E h 9 2 O.-l (D O O CCof{€ '-i -c o ?'l U) f4E(ts.-t coc".|qq E O c:oc+r-o o- 2 0 0 ) -.f-r (o(o - 4 C .Ft Fl ,_l -o X t { (o:, =F c c c.-{ .Fr ...{ l < a ( l < n a c..{ i ) v < l Ct) l i ( o c) c O) < J .-l E (J (. - E 6 O t-\ n O t ( '-l n C { J D O ( o i J O J c ! O J . c o o N F (! C . c { C 'Fl = o .r{ .d +) a 2 - . $ co O tn € O\ -l 3 F r -{ q co $ O\ F{ .-,1 v t'{ o N IJ\ q F $ o\ F{ J c F.{ o (J =.C d o F{ qo >c o J U s o\ F{ -l l\ \ \ o\ n o o t\ rq g | oFco tn|r\|f\ |r\!nt^ @ N N N FtFtFl C) co o_o_o_ $ I N rn \ O tc\ | $ @ 4 t { 4 U F f-' / o\ \ s o \ > 4 l'.\ cO F F s o\ -{ \ N N ltj\ €F corf\ l O O S | q @ O)'Fi C C * |(\ cO $ o\ -l t n F F{ o = f\ -l F{ H \o N H H H H H F N H I H - I H H - - !n @ Q 0JE -.{ -1 $ c{ r'\ =o 0 J^. . r 4 - Fl F-{ == FtFl aa f, O n r OOE O a\ n -= o )' U t N N tq { 6 ;;(! -co .-tC C O F ( o . O O r\ t\ ..i > xa (l) lJ ( J 'Fi - T o o c > -c.F.l o c r?= ! . Q J = . (F0 r''lo 0 a = c'r .F{ -c. o. O-o- L)-t'd ' F l - l ] . r x + r" q- - 6 a c)Fr (o qJv o- .ot1-=H -.9F H o 6 ' .-l C I d .o 9 oA' F t6 a = O F4 ) n (U : H I *rl @ 'i" .Hst '!E i I *l E3HE 1 g:.Tg €= "{- A l fl.*g Pl gt-9 -l ; .-l 3Es sil aE] fiflE E ari iE '-t.9;r 3:d * f ; Eh l. E E ; ! " 9 , 8 H:t ! : d # f* c6:: :; irH xr- 33. i- p u ,l E H E ?E I E ; 5 5 T ggg:lE$EEFI Ese :sf;l ; .-{.-l C (U '-l > 'n X .i:a B: 3 $43i$ l s € 3$ . E <n (o c) o .-t +J e 4 A O C J 0) F{ C) t,r G (o (L - c a d \ (o+) fi.; 4 3q .:-H ,c + g gl l E = O Of-. C F{ 0 ( 6 co E ..t + J -1 a -l (l) O+) E C tn.a a C '-l Y v) ,-l +) a nl l- ( I ) l < q) 6 t o = .tt o (o x 0) o o - / 1 c(J ) c O C T w,A O.E C O 6O q- o)> F.l .F{ O.'{ l . r c O+) .Fl O o o CD ..{ - N o\ n -{ o\ o\ cO -{ I O N S F I o O q-Fl P (F t<\ \ -l c oc t-+r uo C O =2. F\ o\ = C O o\ \ ( t{ -+) CC) =v't C o J cf = o @ } c o $ F{ o\ <l N \ o\ F{ ) o ) q ts{ n T T I =z F @ I{ I t{ -+J o +( ! 0 o t{ n o) a to t{ .-l F{ +( !) +) u1 Ho . o0. (n o) c O (O t+ Ja f-{ O.F{ +rE r { C of F n \ $ O\ r o r O C >o o u\ \o o @ q t ^ c o | r \ l lt\ \ N $ F o { F{ 1 tc\ @ N rn I z. |r\ !n C] -{ I l'.\ @ o .-l 0J (,) J-J o(o .Fl N F n O\ F{ q cO F{ o o\ tf\ c r o \ c o n l n o sl I s I z. !n @ (u = |r\ (o = FI H H @ (\ r-{ H H H H o\ N H H +) = a \ F \O ri t @ c O N o-> .3'd (,= @ 1li t a Fr +) U) l-) C f{ OJ Fl c, H gr iE: ,E.E' FqE 3g:? H.el E Ei*,BqEg - q i s = ?'g{ i lggrHfr 60.: a 5iioi'r .9.:=': E H =q $ s H E5: f l € eEe: a gr l,J-) .F{ f 16E E E 8 ,8 ttr-{ O f o(/) =or o c o.d O G Ote rr o t { c CD 6 oE: 6 -c >\ F roq) (l)(I)c Ol >Ft1f ..{ O- .-l l,l< J J q - = +) G (o 0) E 0) L) v E a - (U a o ( | F 'F{ '-{ . C (6 ) O ( G , . c &r(6 U' >.-l .F{> 93 58 O\ lt\ FJ tf\ .if (\l \o t.\ s c^ o o\ F{ o € $ F O +J o o ).Fl> 0J Fl \o < s o s t ? R --{ c o +JO - o o a a $ O O € o\ -{ <f 6 (\I I sl @ Fl ) \O +) a q) 6 Ft \ = I o\ c) rn @ ( - U 3 N N H H cf t<\ Results AFIP l{ednesday Slide Conference- No- I 12 September1984 ConfereneeModeraLor: LTCRalph M- Bunte, VC, USA DiplomateACVP Training Officer DeparLment of Veterinary Pathology ArmedForces Institute of pathology Vrlashlngton, DC 20306 I - 7 19474 Historvin a 3-year-o1d Hartley guinea plg; grossly there was a white, 5x5 mmnodule in the wall of the uterus which protruded into the lumen- Conlributor's Diaqnosis- Endometrialadenoma_ AFIP Diagngsis. Adenoma,endometrium,utetus, Hartley guinea pig, rodentComment-Sometlssue sections lacked.outer myometrial.layers with prominent inteffiE:iasculature, or are-i of normal endometrium,r.king-trssre identification difficult. The myometrium was somewhat'attenuitedsuggesting the smoothmuscle was stretched due to. expansionof the tumor. AJ.though-Ehe mais was well-differentiated and hyperplastic 1n appeatance,a diagnosis of-adenomawas preferred based upon the size of the mass, its focil natuie, and attempts at encapsulation. A differential. diagnosis of adenomyosis(endometrlosis lnterna) can be ruled out due to lack of a stromal componentin-this neopLasm-Spontaneous neoplasmsin the. guinea pig are rare -- their incidence being one of' the lowest amongall laboratory anlmal specles-. 0f those reported, uteiine tumors are rarely mentionedand, whendescrlbed, are usually sarcomas- Adenocarcinomas, adenomatous polyps, and adenomyomas have been described (Blumenthal& Rogers, 1950) (Lipsehutz, 1959). The paueity of spontaneousneoprasmsin the guinea pig, 6nd their resistance even to experimental induetion, is thougnl to be due to a factor ln serum' which, whenintroduced into miee, inniUits the growth of lymphomas 9!qir (Blumenthahl& Rogers, I96illeQlqlbulor-. Offiee of Biologics, Center for Drugs and Biologics, nomiiFiEE$ifreSoo Rockviltepi[e, Bethesda,r"rarylafrd zozoS- Food & Drug Syqges!gd. readinqts'LumenthaJ-, . and inducedtumors in the I-.and Rogers, J: B-: Spontaneous guinea pig- rn lPathology of-Lab6ratory Anfi;G;- ' Riberin, [--E:-and Mecoy,J- R. (Eds-), chartE c- Thomi!, Igr't-, p_ 1Br_ Cotchin, E.: spontaneoustumors of the uterus and ovaries in animals- rn Animal rumorsof the FemaleReproductiveriaJi,-uy cot.hi;;-i: ."0-u.r"nint,=5-, Chapt- 2,. Springer-Verlag, 1977r g- 3I_ Lipschutz, Aal,i' sponianeoustumourigenesisin agedguinea pigs- BrltJ- Cane- Res- 13: 9! 496-496, IgSg_ Rogets, J' B- and Blumenthal,H. T.: Studies.of guinea pig tumors; report of fourteen spontaneousguinea pit-tumors witn-a-rlview 5r tni iiEeraturecanc- Res. 20: 191-197, L960. wagner,J- E.-,_an! Manning,p- J-, eds: The Biology of the Guineaplg. Academicpress, Newyork, IgiS, p- ZI7. se II - 5407 - (AFIP y was submitted 009. f*r e 7-year-old female Germanshepherd il-;";;;";;;i;il: -A-;-* oiametJr-p6ivil,ioTffi,H "il "-#";"r'"ii ;:.'3ffi,,ilt"in?"xTr:1,?331.':fiffi:.i3r'.to^cg?!llgu!o1':=,01 1) Rhinltls, slppurative, chronic wtth mucosal ...nypetpLasla and squamous mEaplasia, oue to-nhir 2) Mi;;Frt;"i"Iii, presumabJ.v o* to oi"orit""ffi i:*ggnoFeL 1) Rhlnttis, polypoid, ehronic-active, focat, moderate, wtth ^numerous - 4EIg stromal., fylgll_"poransia and-mooeiaie-epiidli;i-;yp;ilt;.i;-"nJ-"iuifou. metaplasla,nasal.mucosa, Germin snepnero,-cJninr; _ Ibinosportoru,m etioJ.ogv seeberi2) t'licrofilareiria, nasal mucosa_ comment' The excised nasal polyp is characterizedby intense submucosal infiTEila of neutrophi+;;l;sma 6btls, ano-racrophages containlng hemosiderin. Numerous sporanglawhleh nivb tnrct-oireiriiig";;l measlreup to 5o0 mlcronsin dtameterare present the suorrEJ.a-watts-and sporangia-varvfrun smalrer, -in trophlc. stages to large inaturergrmf -on6i;iil'numerous encrospores-An lntense neutrophil responseii associatedwith the of endospores- |€utrophlls are traversing the hyperplastlc mucosawhich in "eiE"se some areas has undergonesquamous metaplasla' Flbrosis and hyperemra oF-fnEsuomucosa are evident, as ar.e' mlcrofiLariae in manysecti-ons- The diffe"rntiar diagnosis incluctescoccidloldes whichalso undergoes endosporuration urt gilrriiry n6 smalr.er dil;;rff;thtffi sporansia of Rhrnospo_tidiuh. AoiaspoiJ; ;i Eil;#j.g-;pp.-[;;e mucn thickerwalls, [email protected]'u'i'iIi.ffi-tne1ung-InBesnoitiainfections J the compressed hosrcett ;rctil; i, ;;;Aiiv-.pp.rrnt_ Rhinosporidiosisj.s a rare disease in the U-S- affecting cattle and horses primarily in the Gulf States- In India and Ceylon where it is a common disease ln man, infection may oecur through breaks in mucousmembranes-Inflection of the nasal mucosafrequently results in polyp formation which mayocclude nasal passages- Systemicinfection is rareContributor- StatffiIle, C- E- Kord Animal Disease Laboratory, P-0- Box 40627, Melrose Tennesseei72o4- SuoqestedreadingBinford, C- H., and Connor,D- H- (Eds-): Pathologyof Tropical and Extraordinary Diseases,Vol. 2, AFIP, 1976, p- 597CasteLlano,M- C-; Idiart, J- R-, and Martin, A. A-: Rhinospiridiosis in a dog- Vet- I'led- 7Oz 45-46, 1984C h a n d l e r ,F - W-1K a p l a n ,W-; A jello, L- : Histopathologyof M ycoticDiseas es , Chapt- 24, Wolfe Med. PubL. Ltd-, 1980, pp 109, 278Davidson' y{. R-, and Nettles, V- F-: Rhinosporidiosisin a woodduck- J. Am-. Vet- M e d -A s s o c. 1 7 1 (9 )z 9 8 9 -9 9 0 ,1977.' Emmons, C- hl-; Binford, C- H-, and Utz, J- P-: Medical Mycology,3rd Ed-, Chapt- 28, Lea & Febiger, !977, p. 464Jungerman,P- F-, and Schwartzman, R- M-: Veterinary Medical Mycology,Chapt3, Lea & Febiger, 1972, p- 40Myers, D- D- et a1-: Rhinospiridiosis in a horse- J- Am-Vet- Med-Assoc145(0: 345-347, 1964. Stuart, B- P-, and 0'MaIJ.ey,N-: Rhinosporidiosisin a dog- J- ftn- Vet- MedAssoc. 157(10)z 94I-942, 1975. III - His_torv- Groupsof 400-grammale Hartley guinea pigs were exposedto a human infectious agerit via aerosoJ inoculation- Animals were killed at 3 days post-inoculation (pi) and 7 days pi- At 3 days pi the lungs collapsed partially post-inocufation and had multipLe nodular foci scattered throughoutfail throughout- At 7 days pi the l.ungs l.ungs failed to collapse and had disseminated to diffuse Laboratorv Results- The lnfectious from necropsy specimens of lungs, lpph consolidation- agent was routinely nodes, and spleen- lsolated by culture acute, multifocal, Aedr:Lhu!-orrs Diaonoses- 1) Pneumonia, fibrinopurulent, m 1 n p i g ( , d p i ) - . 2 ) P n e u i n o n i a , f i b r i n o p u r u 1 e n t , subacute, diffuse, severe, lung, guinea pig (7 dpi); etiology - Legionella pneulnophilia (Philadelphia L-J. strain)- . AFIPDiaqnoses.1) Pneumonia, multifocal,minimalto mild, lung suppurative, (5 days pi), Hartley guinea pig, rodent- 2) Pneumonia, fibrinosuppurative, subacute, diffuse, moderateto severe, with segnnentalbronchiolar epithellal hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, Iung (7 days pi); etiology - consistent with Legionella pneumopnilia- Comment-hgng lung sections of the Samestage of disease, there was variation . , - - . ln the distribution and/or severity of the lesions and in the amountof fibrln present in alveoli. The organismswere not readily iOentifiable on H&E,Ci;; stains, or immunofluoresceni stains applied in the- contributor's laboiaior'-or at t h e AF I P; i n t h e co n tri b u to rrs e xp er ience,this is usuativ- tnr case with formalin-fixed tissue- The experiencewitn numancases at the AFIp is that organismsare readily seen on H&E,within.phagolysosomes of macrophages within aleas of leukocytoclasis; these rliroingi are not characteristlc or free of the disease in-gulnea ptgs- At the AFrPtne Browi and HoppsGramstain preferyed to is silver stains sueh as the Dieterle, whicn ii tne preferred stain in at least one major diagnostic laboratory. Pneumoniacausedby Legione{g oneumoniatends to be more suppurative in the guinea plg than ln man-($-]ifr-iFE FFffi'onE is frequently ,rhistiocytic,,)termed The pneumonlaln. both species claqpiearrv inuoru". only respiratory bronchiores and alveoli; it has been suggestedthat L- peu@p_[iEg has tittte c o 1 u m n a r e p i t h e J ' i a 1 c e 1 ] . i o r m U c o U S ; a r f f i F n a t - t n i j - * . v . oaffinity . d u e t o a for 1ackof necessarymoleeularadherencemechanlsms (gaikerville et it.).' Urtrastructural, studies suggestthat guinea pig neutrophils kill h"fi?flf;***i:, T:" ln3: J'3, 3i3ii':3" "f*i*ii:" :!i:ti 5 ;lg, l! ru:ruli3"' resembLlng. rgugf' endoplasmieretieulum; the -ignfieance of this is unclear- An electron photomicrogqaphof thls case (to ue-i6rra"Jeoj ino*J-ui"ur" ba-eirll and a degenerateneutrophll within an alveolar macropnage-Surroundingthe racropnagi are other degenerateneutrophlls, and proteinabeols material_ Despltedisslmirarities between!. pneumophiliainfection in manand the gulnea Pi9' y+nn states tha-uihe r.aiter proiroEi?tb oer for ine susceptible hunan host or cigarette smoker), while the rat mayprovlde an equally ilTTyno:rppressed. moc,el. of the relatively resistant humanhost_ Division of Pathology, u-s. ArmyMedical Researchrnstitute for ,s (U S A MR IIDF),o rt Dltr ick, Mar yland21701- - - - - et. al-: Histopathology of experlmental Leglonnaires' , in guinea P l g s' rhesus monkeys,and marmosets- J- patholl r39z 349-362, r Pathologie findings in guinea pigs inoculated , F - W- e t intraperitoneally with ?l. the Legionnaires' disease bacterium- Ann_Int- I'led_90: 67L-675, 1979_ Cho' S- et al-: . Experimental infection of horses with Leqionella oneumophlliaAm-J. Vet- Res- 44Q)z 662-658,IgArHambleton,P- et al.; Pathological and biochemicalfeatures of Leoionella pneumophi}iqinfectioninguineapigs.J-Med.Microbio]"-16:lti-zffi Horowitz' M- A- and Silverstein, s- c-: Activated humanmonocytes'ihniOittne intracellular multiplication of Legionnaj-res'disease bacteria. .:- fxp- t€d- 154: 1618-1634, 1981_ --Katz, S- M- and Hashemi,S-: Electron microseopicexaminationof the ililgmmqtory responseto Leoionella pneumophiliain'guinei pigs- Lab- Invest46(I): 24-32, 19BZ- Locksley, R- M- et al-: Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophiliato oxygendependentmicrobiocidal systems- J- Immunol-129$)z 2192, 1982. Myerowitz,R-: Editorial- Legionnaires' disease: The ptoblemof pathogenesis- Lab- Invest- 47(5): 507-5A9,1982l,rlinn,f{. C- et al-: Legionnairestpneumonia after intrastracheal inoeulation of guinea pigs and rats- Lab. Invest- 47(6)z 568-578,1982WongK , - H - e t a I-: I'E n d o to xicity"of the Legionnair esrdiseasebaeter ium. Ann- Int- Med-90: 624-627,1979- Case IV a l4-year-old, male beagle dog, which had autolmmune ytrc was euthanatized- In the liver of this dog there wete many tiny dark red spots visible on both the visceral and cut surfaces- Contributorrs DiaqnoFis- Peliosis hepatis-Iike lesionAFIP Diagnosis- Peliosis, multifocal, moderate,with multifocal thrombosis, mild micronodul-ar hemosiderosisand biliary stasis, Iiver., beagle, canineComment-Peliosis hepatls has been reported in the cat, in aged rats, in rats expeilffiEElly lnfected with a leukemia viius, in cattle witn St.-George iisease (associated wlth the plant 3;ineJea), and in man- The eondition in manhas been linked to ehronic wasting disease, to inelude tubereulosis and neoplasia, and with therapeutic doses of J.7-alpha-al.kylatedsteroids to include anabolic and contraceptlve steroids- The two types of peliosis hepatis can be differentiated by the presenceor absenceof an endothelial-lined membrane surrounding the blood-filled cavity- Ultrastructurally, dilatation of both the space of Disse and/or the sinusoidal lumen are seen, and occasionally passageof red blood cells through the endothelial barrier of the sinusoids can be demonstrated- These findings suggest that alterqtions of the sinusoidaL barrier are primary events in peliosisThis condition must differentiated in cattle from telangiectasis which is a dilatatton of functional bLoodvessels, and in dogs from changesrelated to post-caval syndromeas a result of D- immitis infection- Extrahepatic peliosis has also been reportedIn this case, there was only an occasionaLendothelial cell or membrane lining the blood-fllled spaces- The contributor reported seeing this condition ln severa] other dogs with autoimmune hemolytic anemia- Attendeesspeculated that such lesions could have -resulted from hypoxia secondaryto anemia, or possibly frcrn steroidtherapy(dndrogens to or glucocorticoids to stimulateerythropoiesis, counter autolmmune disease) had such-therapybeen instituted. Contributor-. Departmentof Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary ueoiffifrffiTooo, Canada Jzs745St--Hyacinthe,Que6-ec, Suqqestedreadinov' v-: Virus-inducedpeliosis hepatis i.n rats. Science l5gt 377-37g, l9d7:ttgt' J- R-: Peliosis hepatis.Kent' G. and.Thompson, - of the reticuloendotherial system. Arch- path_ lz: eise-e5O,Involvement 19di: L e e ' K- P -: P e l i o si s h e p a ti s-lite lesion--in v * " v rrqatsaging ur' Vetv s u - path. " " e r c L r t - z20t ua 410-423, IgBtseawri.ghtrA' A- and Francis, J-: Peliosis hepatis; ^George's a specific lesion in Stdisease of cattre- Austr. vet- J- tz, gt-gg, rgTr_ Taxy, J- B-: Peliosis: A morphologiccuriosity uecor"i an iatrogenle problem- Hum.path- 9: 33l-340, tgle_ Tory' J- M- and wai-ton,R- M-: Peliosis hepatis in a cat- Brit- Vet- J_ 131: 716-719, 1975_ et al-: Ultrastructural ---..Zafranir E. S-path_ lesions of the liver in human peIlosis. Am- JIIa: lt+)-lsg, tggi: DAVIDL_ FRITZ,v.M_D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoov Departmentof Veterinlry pathoi6gy Results Conference- No' 2 Slide AFIP l{ednesday 19 SePtember1984 Conference Moderator: G e o r g eM i g a k i , D - V - M Diolomate ACVP Registry of ComparativePathology ArmedForces Institute of Pathology Vlashington, DC 20306 Oneyear prior to on the nose- The cyst was cyst appeared is tissue, a cutaneous removedbecauseof was surgically ispirateO at three-monthintervals until it invasion into the right nostril- oldr DLH' fem ale, cat' contributor's Diagnosis. Mycotic granuloma- Lrvptocogguslgoformans. focally.extensiver severet AFIp Diagn_osis- Inflammation,pyogranulomatous, with intra- andd'iracetiutar yeaiti, iubcutis, nose' domestielong hair, feline. Corment. 0n H&Esections, the yeasts are thin-walled and someare surrounded clear spacesuggestiveof a capsule. The yeasts occasionally oV iffifiv-*io" ai" *e"t fy cirminophilic and stain-weakly with alcian blue. A GMSstain demonstratesthe yeasts to have narrow-basedbudding!q form-short chains and and/or germtubes- As a differential diagnosis' occasionally pseudohyphae Cryptococcusand Btaltomycesare iorthy of initial consideration. The capsule of to bb strongly carminophilic in animal tissues' is gEffiE-h'ought effiqoyears ,m'dE"ifound in the-past 4 that 15%of their cases are not tet -nrucicarminophilic. germ tubes are occasionally seen in Pseudohyphae and (Chindler, Aje11o, 1980). The inflammatory Kaplan, cryptococcal infections reiponse in this case is moretypical of glastomvcesbut the yeasts should have Also, their walls can rarely thi;k, double-contouredwalls and broad-bffiA'InE-and germtubes are occasionally seen-be carminophitie, and pseudohyphae Alternaria spp- and other funli were also considered- AlthoughA$g$arfa has been v/ere cultured from several cases of facial mycosis in cats, the unitaifrdd-ddE-ctions pigmented. not thought to be naturally Evaluation by fluorescent antibody techniques at CDCwere negative forCrvptococcussp.- Similar evaluation for Blaslor=nvc?s :P. l3s not been completedTh!'lnycoiogy Division at CDCthinks tnat ffiifinoToglcally the fungus-mostclosely (compatible with a Theyseelight pigmentation resembles a-pneonyphomycete. fungus)and pleomorphichyphalfragmentsand germtubes and sore dermatiaeeous pleomorphic yeasti. This fungal morphology coupledwith the tissue responseis and DrechsLeria to cases of several similar Allg,rna,riathey haveseen. Further eva1uationsarebeingmade,ffiracuI[[i6ffihecausativeorganiSm'a definitive diagnosis cannot be made- Contributor. Syntex Research , 34oI Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, California 94j04. Suqqestedreadino. Betty' M- J-: Spontaneous cryptococcal meningitis in a group of guinea pigs causedby_a hyphae-producing strain- J- comp.pa[n. g7t j77:3g2, r97i. c h a n d l er, F - .-.;K a p l a n -Irr"and , Ajello, L- : cor or Atlas and Text of the Histopathologyof^ wMycotic Diseases- frolfe-Med.pub. Ltd., rggo. E r n m o n cs, w .; B i n fo rd , c. H .; Utz, J. p- et al.: M edicalM ycol0gy. 3rd Ed., Lea & Febiger, 1977N o b l e ' R ' c',, a n 9 F a j a rd o r L ._F:: Pr im ar ycutaneous morphologicstudy- Am. J_ Clin- path. 57: 13'-22,L972. cr yptococcus:Reviewand : B -'? l d ch a n d l e r, pnaeonyJnor y"or and is cr yptococcosis . s i s k , Dpathin a [:-w.: catVat. 19: 554-556,I9B2S o u s a ,c' A '; Ih rke , P - i ., a nd Culber tson,R- : Subcutaneous phaeohyp hom y eos i s (stemphyriyr.rp-_lno cradospotiur sp. infections) in a cat. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc- 185(6)z 67j-675, I9B:4w i r k i n s o n , G. T .: F e l i n e e ryptococeosis:A r eview and sevencase r epor ts - J . Sm-Anim. Pract- 20: 749-769,1979- Casg-II-- Path-gr AFAMRL (AFrp l946]t6\_ Hia Gross Findings- invoTffiElffiE This animal had generalized lymphadenopathy,but lung seen. contributo.'g*+ggs$+. Duodenitis, granulomatous, segmental, severe, - Ouo iology compaliblewith llistoptasmacaps_u]atum. tr ansm ur al,m ultifocal, sever e, w i th _ _ AFIP?ieonosi:r_Enteritis, granulomatous, numerous intracellular yeasts, small intestine, basset hound,canine; etiology -compatiblewith Histoplasmg capsulatym Comment- Pulmonarydisease is the most commonform of infection by Histoolasma sF ? aryg-astrointestina]infectionhasbeencrinicaiiv.[l.ffi#*( e?s:um l t sPo rf i m experimental infection by the oral route have been equivocal (Barsanti, 1984).- The organism is infective piimarily foi macrophagesand stimulates a marked r e t i c u l e n d o t h e l i a l ( R E ) r e s p o n s ew i t h l i t t i e a s s o c i a t e d i e c r o s i s ( u n l i k e Jg}gOlasma)-- rnis RE response is similar to that seen in visceral leishmaniasis; p r e s e n e eo f B a r r . b o d i e s ( k i n e t o p l a s t s ) i n t h e i n L r a h i s t i o c y i i i - a m a s t i g o t e J - - - - differentiates it from Histoplasma- African histoplasmosii eauseo by Histoolasma 9uboysiiis.rare1yseen-o[fsffiTthatcontinentandiscnaractJiiieoffi j yeasts which are larger than H. gapsulatur-nand which display "hourglass"-like buddingContributor. AFAMRL/THP, Bldg. 79, Area B, fVright Patterson AFB, OH 4543j. - 2 - Ssqested rea9inqBarsanti, J- A.: Histoplasmosis. In Clinical Microbiologyand Infectious Diseasesof the Oog-and-Cai: Creene,Cl-e., Editor, Chapt- 43, Saunder& Co.' p. 687. -L984, e i h f o r d , C . H -, a n d C o n n o r,D. H., Eds- :. Pathologyof Tr opical and E x t r a o r d i n ai yD i se i se s- V o 1 . 2 , Chapt. I( 12) ' AFIP' L975, p. 578. D i l l o n , A . R . e t a l " : C a n i neabdominalhistoplasm osis:A r epor t of four cases. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. I8: 498-502, 1982. E m m o ns, C . 1 ri .;B i n fo rd , C . H .; Utz, J- P. et al.: MedicalMycology. 3r d Ed.' Chapt. ' St a 2O, r k , Lea & Febiger' 1977. D . R .: p ri ma i y g a strointestinal histoplasmosisin a cat. J. Am. Ani m Hosp. Assoc. 18: 154-156,1982. St i c k 1 e, J. E ., a n d H ri b e rn i k, T. N- : Clinicopathologicalobser vation si n disseminatedhistoplasmosisin dogs. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 14: 105-110' 1978- Case III - 84-4894 (AFIP 1946244). signs of gastroenteritis Gross Findings. -old, female, collie, for two weeks. canine dog, which had Dehydration and severe ulcerative colitis. l{hipwormswere present in the caecumand proximal colon. Manyvariably-sized noduleswere distributed in the myocardium.Similar noduleswere also observedin the Ilver, kidney, and mesentery. Algae were present in the heart, liver, colon, kidney, lung, brain, and mesentericlymphnodes. Laboratorv Results. Microbiological exam: Erolothecagopfii was isolated from the heart and kidney. Clinical pathologic exam: The CBCwas in normal range except for a moderateeosinophilia. Parasitological exam:fecal flotation was positive for whipworm eggs" coll Myocarditis, necrotizing, multifocal, severe, heart, Qoltr-ibutor'-s__Q1qE1qq!q. sp.' AFIP Diaqnosis. Myodegeneration and neerosis, m ultifocal, m oder ate,with numerousintralesional algae, myocardium, collie, eanine; etlology - -P_fe!g!hqc_e sp. Comment-Host infllammatoryresponsewas generally absent. Only rarely was a minifrEtffirophilic responseseen.' In many6asesof disseminatedbrotothbcosis, animals have had preexisting or intercurrent disease which mayhave increasedhost susceptibility- Furthermore,it has been conjectured that high serum eoncentrationsof Prototheca-soecific immunoqlobin mavcausea blockadeof cell (Cox, mediatedimmunity,n:GT[Ti'iig the entrance aid establishment of Prsr_totheca L974).Anotherpossib1epathogeneticmechanismhasbeenreporteE'.@ioand co-workerswhoobserveda deficiency in host neutrophils to destroy Protothega after phagocytosis. This deficiency appearedspecific for prototheca, as destructlon of several species of bacteria was readily accofi!'IGfrilffi tne neutrophils of the samehost. In cutaneouscases of protothecosis in the dog and cat mly P. wickerhFmii, which is smaller than P. zopfi], has been isolated. In dogs, corTle6-d5Jfr":E6-'liivea greater susceptiniTltTfiother breeds (Tyler, 1984). - 3 - Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, University of Kentucky, 1429 Contributor. ruewudilii'ffixington, Kentucky 40511. Suoqested_reading. Cook, J- R-; Tyler, D. E.; Coulter, D- B. et al.: D i s s e m i n a t e dp r o t o t h e c o s i s causing acute blindness and deafness in a dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 184: I266-L272, 1984C o x , E . G . ; i r { i 1 s o n ,J . D . , a n d B r o w n , P . : p r o t o t h e c o s i s : A c a s e o f disseminated algal infection. Lancet 2z 379-382, I974I m e s , G . D - ; L l o y d , J . C . ; B r i g h t m a n , M - D - : D i s s e m i n a t e dp r o t o t h e c o s i s i n a dog. 0nderstepoort J- Vet. Res. 442 I-6, 1977. l v l e r i d e t h , R . E . ; G w i n , R . M . ; S a m u e l s o n ,D . A . et al.: Systemicpr ototh ec os i s with ocular manifestations in a dog. J- Am- Anim- Hosp. Assoc. 2Oz 157-156,I9A4. M i g a k i , G . ; F o n t , R - L . 1 S a u e r , R . t * , t e. t a l . : Canineprotothecosis: Reviewof the literature and report of an additional case. J. Am.Vet. M ed.Assoc.18 1: 794-797,I98?. TyJ.erD , . E - : Protothecosis" In clinical Microbiological and rnfectious Diseasesof the Doo a n d C a t" Greer fl C. E., Chapt. 49, w: B. Saunder s.Co., Igg4, p.747. T y l e r r D - E .; L o ri n g , M. D .; Blue, J. L. et al.: Disseminated pr otothee os i s with central nervoussysteminvolvementin a dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. I75: 987-993, 1980. Ve n e z i o ,F . f.;_ L a vo o , E .; l {i l liams, J. E. et al.: pr ogr essivepr otothec os i s . Am. J. Clin. Path. 77; 485-49i, 1992. CaseIV - LAIR,tl_6]q (AFrp I945Bo9). pen. It, male Megellanicpenguinfound dead in irs Findingg-.-Tfrelewas serous atrophy of cardiac fat. Multiple small white ^ - Gross toci were randomly distributed throughout the lung parenchyma- Large green powoery fungal colonies were in the thoracic-and abdominal iir saci. There was greater involvement of the left side. Pneumonia,nectotizinggranu].omatous,mu1tifoca1, s e v e r e r w l t h v a s e u L a r i n v a s i o n o f m y c o t i c h y p h a ea n d t h r o m b o s i s , l u n g , a v i a n . Etiology - Asperqillus sp. 1) Necrogranulomas,heterophilic, multifocal, severe, with --^^lilgPiggo9e+ olrruse rungal hyphae, diffuse pulmonary congestion, and perivascular andinterstitial e d e m a , . l u n g , M e g e l a n i cp e n l u i n , a v i a n . ' E t i o l o g y - - . o r p . t i b l e w i t h son. 2) vasculifis and thromboiis, segmentat,i-evere,with fungal $,ryi!]us. hyphae, lung. Comment- In most animars, fungal infections are usually secondary to other frequentlyprimary; these birds are extremely-susceptible, 6spe.i.11yto iniection by Asp-ergillu9sp. This could be due to lac-kof inherentimmunityt6 fungi; the - 4 - rnostsusceptible species, sea ducks and Antarctic penguins,are rarely exposedto ;;h iGai- in tne wifO. Another possibility is that lhese birds are naturally a theory supported by the paucity of lymphoid tissue they possess. immunosuipressed, Early in Aspergillus infections of birds, there is an accumulationof Since liquifaction necrosis is poorly heterophils ii--filffii-parabronchi. accomplishedin birds, the herterophil-filled parabronchiare surroundedby granuiomatous inflammationin an attempt to wall off the infection- Thesesites are often resolved as discrete granulomasif the host lives long enough. Elaboration of elastase by somestrains of &Egggi-Llw. &m,iqatus has been correlated with its invasivenessin pulmonarytissues. San Franciscot Contributor-. LettermanArmyInstitute of Research,SGRD-ULV-P, cariFffi4E. Suqqested readino. ehendlEi, F: Iv.l-kaplan, V'1. i Ajello, L.: Color Atlas and Text of the Histopathology of Myeotic Diseases. Chapt. 5, f{olfe Med. Pub. Ltd., 1980. K o t h a r y , M . H . ; C h a s e , T . J r . ; M e M i 1 l a n ,J - D - ; C o r r e l a t i o n o f e l a s t a s e production by some strains of Aslglg$lus fumigatus with ability to cause pulmonary invasiveasp6rgi11osisinmieeffiz32a425'1984. l.brtelmans, J.: Mycotic infections in captive wild mammalsand birds: Some considerations on epizootiology, pathology, and prophylaxis. In The Comparative P a t h o l o g y o f Z o o A n i m a l s . M o n t a l i , R . J - a n d M i g a k i , G . , E d s . , S m l t h s o n i a nI n s t . Press, 1980, p. 277. DAVrD L - F R I T Z ,V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Departmentof Veterinary Pathology - 5 - Results Slide Conference- No. AFIP l,lednesday 1984 September 25 Conference lr'loderaJor: Ggorge_D-Imes' Jr- c0L,vc, usA DiPlomate ACVP Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology V,lashington, DC 20346 CaseI - 82DL28(RrrP 1897187). ]tma1egoat.Thegoatwaseuthanatizedbecauseit wasEiliftiEom pink eye and circled eonstantlyGross Patholoqy. Multiple soft raised areas approximately l/2 to I-L/2 em wide werevrslore undfffhe pleural surface in the dorsal regions of both lungs. (Gross photosA&Bto be forwarded. ) No exudatewasat the cut surface of the lesions- Diaqlosis & Cgln$eil Pulmonarynematodiasis- Stellerlus C_qnLqlb_Ulor's cap-ffi ----fHifTondition in goats and is not usually appears to be fairly common It has associated with suppurative been diseaseassociated with clinical problem in research goats purchased.for may be a significant and bronchopneumonia It can be diagnosg9by prolonged anesthesia. that require studies cardiovascular fecal examination and dlfferentiated from otner lungwormsof goats by the following criteria: P- rufescens D. filaria L capj]laris Small bronchloles Alveoli E'iffifrF Adult location O.25- 0.13 m m 0.23 - 0.30 m m 0.55 - 0.58 Fecal larval lbngth No dorsal spine Dorsal spine Other larval characteristics No middle ear or CNSleslons were found to account for the circling behavior. granulomatous, multifocal, AFIP Dlaqnosis. Pneumonia,interstitial, withffioIar,bronehio1ar,andbronchia1nematodeparasites, brown and white, caprine, etiology - compatible with Muellerius sp. Conferenee Note. moderate, lungt A11 staqes of the parasite are seen in the lung parenchyma; eggmembryona[ed'areuSUa11yseeninaIveo1i.Maturelarvaeare m6it'commonin bronchiolei; they measureappioximately 10 micrometersln dlameter and can be seen in someseitions to have both an eccentric tail tip, a short dorsal ipine, and lateral alae. Adults are most frequently seen-in alveoli, oceasionally in br6nchioles; females are approximately 55 mierometersin diameter and males measureup to j5 micrometers. The di.ffeiential diagnosis includes D-ictvqcaulus spp.r Muellerius sp., Br.gtogtrongylusspp. and Cystocaulussp- Adults of 9ictvgeayl.Ysand Cvstgcaulusare alrnost twice as large as the largest adult female seen in this case- Adults of _Pfglgg!ryOgy1_q9 and Muelleflus are of similar size, but1arvaeoftheformer1ack@or]ffiintnii_cJJJ._inii parasite is morphologieally compatible with Muelrerius S:apilraris - Although manyauthors write that Muellerius is found primarily in subpleural alveoli, and that this can be used tolJiTFfrffiiate it frbm other' metastrbngiiJi, this case demonstratesthat it can be found in the airways to the level of bronchloles. Contributor-. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, HersheyMedical Center, eenngrFaiTEEte u;it;;;iivl Hershey, eennsyivania170i3. Srqgesteg rgadinq. Levlne' N' D-: Nematode Parasites of DomesticAnimalsand of Man. 2nd Ed., Chapt- 7, Burgesspub., I9gO, p. Z4L. Nimmo,J' s- : case repoit' - six cases of verminouspneumonia(Muellerius . sp. ) in goats. Can. VetJ. 20: 49-52, 1979. Rose, J-: Site of of the lungwormMuelte_tiuscapillaris in experlmentally infected .developmen[ patn] lambs. J. J. Comp. ie: -*iln oi r.roi :fl::,":;^1.;o. Comp. Path. 69t??:1*Hrtal.infectibn 414-422, IgSg. G.ir.iir. capirlaris. stockdale, P.H-G-! Puimonaryp-athologyassociatedwith metastrongyloid infections. Br. Vet. J. I3Z: 595_:60g,tgle. 2-year-o I.ilf:.!:9,|i!l eiana Tlffaa Af clrrn alra.l^ ^8!^^s breed steer from a herd knownto 9V Ug be bovine.viraldiarrheatevni-virus. Thesteer hadbeen " oI.-er.ii""r'*!rl'lE'"iiX#ll n.iilis.o virysonr-5.:anea.--rn-r,l.'.ili; -iEi"til5';rHdfii: orrh..:--.- -r;;;;'ffi;,ffiliJXt'iiarrhea, ;;;.i;ilio""".iiiXil zeo-oy ,righi H:s:::::::.y::ting^?InlI:ry :lq'g9tei: severe *"tE'"vJii""n""-"io-il"ir.il";;;.;il'ioi"lnu ,:::'d:ly!1"!1ol: _l!is ltegl l"d prior week to necropsyon 16 Mar 94. Ill*:^:!.Trl_?L!!D Laboratorv Rgggl!*. cytopathic BVDvirus was isolated from intestine. Blood wasffivbriortodeath-reiisshowed:Virus.Io,24o BVD-infectiousunits/ml 3eium (eell culture iniectious nntioody: BVD neutralizatlon tlter:. 4 [agalnst noncytopathicBVDvirusooseij.(Nebraskail:--, BVDneutratlzation titert Ioz4 tagaini[-ivi.pit[ic BlD virus (singer)]. Gross Pathologv... There were erosions and ulcers of the mucosae the i n t f f i i s s u e s . - i n " " " w e- r e u 1 c e r s o f t h e a b o m a--s u m _ a n d t h i c k e n i n g ooverlylng f the distal ileum, eeeum,and proximal colon. - 2 - l?l';"llhi[3??';Ji!3::'"' ,ro" came*"i6 b"-.sistently infected with a in it rrom-wnich This steer and the herd antibody circuratlng no-ligniiiint noncytopatn:.cstrain of BvD virus. There ,". of virus and no strain the steer directed against this persistent noncytopithic the animar did whether known clinicar signs nao iIsuited from-iniection. rt is'not was produeedand circulated not produce antibody or if a smalf amountof antiOody cytopathic BVDvirus or complexedto BVO-viius. WnenehaflengeOwith a viruient, (we which cytopathic are'unbertain vaccinatedwith a modifieo, cytopatni" avo virus BVD' uirus is involved), tne animai developedsigns of chronic AFIP Diaqnoses. l) Ulceration, focally-extensive' severe'.with a ribrffisiudomembrane'.smal1ihtestine,bovine..2.)Enteritis' fiOiinosubburative,'subacute,difiuse, moderateto severe, with moderatevillous atrophy, blunting and fusion, small intestine, bovine' # ConferenceNote. Basedupon the histologic sections examined,conference atteffietermineifthemucosa1-u]cerationofthesmal1intestinewas located over a necrotic Peyer's pateh. Lymphoidnecrosis was not obvious' and the abundanttymphocytespresent in the submutosaappearedessentially-normal. The contributoi, however,included focal necrosis of lymphoidnodules in the morphologicdiagnosis. Conferenceattendees thought that the numerous intialesional niutrophils were probably due to secondarybacterial infection. SeveraLstudies have identified a small proportion of cattle seronegative to BVD-MD virus in seropositive herds and have further found that mucosal-diseasedeaths occurred only ln these animals, sometimesmanymonthsIater. It has been suggested that mucosal-dlsease might be the result of immunetolerance established as a result of lntrauterine infections- Several studies have supported this but it remainsunproven(Roeder,Drew, 1984)Antlgen-localization studies have shownthat the major areas of antigen concentratlon are the sameas the areas with the most markedpathomorphological changes- the lymphoid tissues of the distal ileum and proximal colon. Since infectlons of animals by the alimentary route seemsunlikely, it has been suggested that infection is primarily via the respiratory tract, and that disseminationto phagocytesystem various tissues is carried out by eells of the mononuclear ( O h m a n nf 9 , 8r). Contributor_. National Animal DiseaseCenter, P.0. Box 70, Ames,Iowa 50010. Suooestedreadino. Brownlie, J.i Clarke, M. C., and HowardC. J.: Experimentalproduction of fatal mucosaldisease in cattle. Vet. Rec. 114z 535-536, 1984. C u t l i p , R . C .; McC l u rki n ,A . l,{ ., and Cor ia, M . F.: Lesionsin clinicall y healthy cattle persistently infected with the virus of bovine virus diarrhea glomerulonephritis and encephalitis- Am-J. Vet. Res. 41: I918-I94I, 1980. L l e s s , B .; F re y, H . R .; Orb ansHafez, S- M .: Bovinevir us dlar r hoe ( BVD ).rrMucosalDisease": Persistink BVDFeldvirus infektionen bei serologische selektierten Rindern. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wschr.90: 26I-266, I98t. - 3 - Ohmannr H. B.: Pathogenesisof bovine viral diarrhoea -mucosaldisease and significanee of BVDVantigen in diseasedealves. Res. Vet. Sci. 14: 5-10, I98tRoeder,P. L., and Drew, T. W.: Mucosaldisease of cattle: A late sequel to fetal infectlon. Vet. Rec. 114z 309-313, 1984. R o t h ' J . A .; K a e b e rl e ,M. L ., and Gr iffith, R" W .: Effects of vir al diar r hea virus infection on bovine polymorphonuelear leukocyte infection. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42-. 244-?5O,1981. a A-year-old female Hampshiresheep. Eight of l0 sheep becameiIl about 35 hours after initial accessto a newand weedy pasture. Clinieal signs included salivation, m ydr iasis, tr em or s, ataxia, an d paresis. Within four days, 5 of 8 died. Laboratorv &Sg$s. in e@Iiii* Pertinent -i j. laboratory -ii6tnenuriadata on admission included elevations c-e.ajl-i"J _-_ 9IgsF.latnofogvt {idneys bilaterally swollen, pale, moist, fluctuant. Art eoge or kloney molst with radially arrangedtannish-white opaqueflecks in cortex. Urine transparent, virtually eoloiless. necrosl.s; renal Rumexcrispus. of :-. Hlret'rlngent erystals of oxalate were present in the rumenalmucosabut were not observedin other loci of the body. Br4rc-x.iiipur i;;rt Jtcx) was abundantin the pasture and had been extensivery lrazEffi EFffiep. rne ieri,inii ioriage or the Rr-rnex contained rr% oxarate expieised as 6xalic acid. "!:':""Bil!Ii".ilil-l::ii:l3::"ffi"?:# AFIP Diaqnosls- Nephrosis,diffuse, moderate,with moderatediffuse dilation of e6TE]EETTUEIIEand'Bowmanis.spaces, intialubu]ar ano intiaductal birefringent crystals' and medullary eosinophilic caits, Hampshire,ovine, etiolJgv---"orp"iior. with oxalate toxicosis. Tl. most.common causesof oxarosis are ingestion of ^.,^.,cgqfeEFg=Totg-. oxarate-containing plants (ruminants) and ethylene glycol. Als6, oxalate crystals are often seen in 8lPglgillus-niger infectioni ano iav oe tne-iource t o x i c o s i s . I n t h e @ d o x a 1 a t e s m a y b e d e g r a d e d t o c a r b o n a t e s a n dof systemic bicarbonates, mayprecipitaie ai ealcium oxalate ind remainwith the feces, or may be absorbedinto the bloodstreamand tissues where it binds with ionic calcium to prOduceinsoluble calcium oxalate. The net result is often a-jrecipitous hypocalcemiato which several pathological processescan be attributed: hyperglycemiamaybe attributable to [ne effect of low serumca]cium on insulin secretion; inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase maybe a signiiicant faetor in death (Simensen,1980); and there may6e iiterferenee with the essential roles of calcium and magnesium ln oxidative pirosphorylation at the cellular level (Van Kampen'James,1969). A secondproblem'is lnat of crystariiiifion of calcium oxalates in vesseLwalls eausing vascular necrosis n"*o";;;;", and in renal "ni - 4 - tubules and ducts causing blockage and necrosis. An interesting study by Van Kampen and Jamesshowedcrystal deposition at different 1evels of the renal collecting ducts and tubules at different time intervals after ingestion of Haloqetonby sheep. Contributql=. College of Veterinary Medicine, OklahomaState University, stilTffi'hona tqite. Suqqestedreadino. @er,G.D.,andVanGe1der,G.A.:C1in1ca1andDiagnostic Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd Ed., Kendall Hunt, 1976, p. 121. D i c k i e ' C - yt-i H a ma n nM. ' H .; Car r oll, w. D- et.al.: oxalate Rumex venos us polsoning in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 17i(r): 7i-74,-riza_-';'=:==:= s h u p e ' J- L .,.a n d .Ja me s, F .: Additional physiopatnoiogicchangesin HalogFlonglons,rg.tqs(oxalate)!. poisoning in sheep.- cornell vet. sgz -al-ss, Lg6g. Slmesen'M- G-: Calcium, phosphorui,and magnesium metabolism. In Clinical Biochemistryof DomesticAnifials.'frd, Ed., J.Ji Kaneko,roitor, ih.Ff.-i;','---' AcademicPress, 1980, p. 591. Kampen,f- !-, and James,L. F.: Aeute Halogetonpoisoning of sheep: Pathogenesisof lesions. Am. J. vet. Res. i0(10): titg-,ttl3,-l.geg. ry_=7U2-' (AFrP a male bovine fetus aborted approximately 6 weeks prema v . -The damappearednormal prior to abortion'and had no clinical evidence of disease after expulsion of the fetus. Gross Pathology-, fetus.had massiveaseites and hemoperitoneum.Numerous o t s c f f i 1 e s m e a s u r i n g-The fromsevera1mi1Iimeterstocentimetersin diameter were attached to the parietal and viiceral peritoneum. other g"o"" changeswere not observeda comme?t.Mesothelioma,congeniLal, bovine. W?gnosis. Mesof,'nerloma is the most commonlydiagnosedcongenital tumor in calves. The greatest incidenee is observedin fetal and neonatai calves but reporls oi mesotheliomain older cattle have been documented. Peritoneal mesotheliomas -- may '-! take either of Lwohistological forms, predominantlyfibrous resembling; fibrosareomaor papillary mimict<inga'papillary adenocarcinomaAFIP Diamosis. lvlesothelioma, abdominalperitoneum,Holstein fetus, bovine. \ote.- . Conference- Mesothelial cells are similar in structure and function to epltherral and endothellalcells but are of mesodermal origin. Majordiagnostic problemscan arise whenmesotheliomas mustbe differentiat6O from 6pithelial neoplasms.Ultrastrueturally, mesotheliomas possessmicrovilli and desmosomes characteristlc of epithelial cells. Usingimmunocytochemical techniques,Warhol has recently shownthat cel1s of human mesotheliomis also contain abundantkeratin, and that they irregularly expresscarcinoembryonic antigen (cEA), markers heretoforethought uniqueto epithelial cetls. - 5 - rn differentiating mesotheliomas from earcinomas by light microscopy,several staining characteristics have beensuggestedUVtne Oepartments lPeeial of Chemical Pathologyand prllmonaryand MediastinarpathoiJgy, AFIp. Carcinoma Mesothelioma 1 ) PffiIEive-diastase sensiti ve I) PASpositive-diastase sensitive presence to glycogen. of to the presenceof glycogen. 9gg lhe a\ due 2 ) PASpositive-diastaseresistint due z) (ooes not produceepithelial to production of epithelial mucin. mucin) . Therefore, the p^resence of PASpositive-diastase resistant material should rule out the diagnosis of mesothelioma. 3) Colloidal iron (At1p)positive due to 3) Colloidal iron (AMp) positive production of mucopolysaccharides. production 4) Hyaluronidaseresistant - mucopoly_ 4) saccharide is not hyaluronic abiO. 5) Alcian-blue positive material should be seen. 5) Cells more pleomorphic. 7) Nuclei more irregular. 8) More likely to f6rm acinar structures- im8-ffi$ 5) 6) 7) 8) due to of mucopoly_ saccharides. Hyaluronidase sensitive hyaluronic acid acid. Aleian-blue positive material should be seen. Cells less pleomorphic. Nuclei more regular. Less }ikely to form acinar structures. wthoutdiastase. 2. AMPwith and without hyaluronidase. f. Alcian blue- Theguidelinesmay-behelpful but results mustbe interpreted with great care due.to the manyvariables involvedin speeiai siaining-t..hliqr".. stains wereusedon this r{sccase, but the results wereequivocar. Theabove *"b.wVeterinaryDiagnosticCenter,UniversityofNebraska,Linco1n, ffisotherioma in the c a l f . Path. Vet- 4: 149.156, 1967. H a r b i s o n , M . L . a n d G o d l e s k i , J . J . : Malignant mesothelioma in urban dogs. Vet. Path- 2Oz 5rL-54O, l9gj" papadimittigu, Henderson' DJ. M.: Ultrastructurar Appearanceso f !:r lnd t,tol::-_A_Diagnostic Atras- churchirr't-ivingitone, L982, p. r09. tt: lumo19 in newboi; ;;il"i;.- F;fi.'-i";:";i -ru.opi*ir-in-6]ii,".'?Eo. \ialiit, re6'. Ii:*Itr schambe.r, c- J. I olsonl,c.,ino-witl,-1. E:i !gggyg.). Vet. path. 19:t 529-537,, 1982. t rc ) - \/ot nalh warhol, M- J-: 1 o. z.)6 .21 l A6A 4' ' eqa Yv The urtrastrueturar rocarization of keratin proteins and carcinoembryonic antigen in malignant mesotheliomas. Am. J. path. 116(3) z 3g5-39O, lL984. gRlLDAVIDL. FRITZ,V_M .D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary pathology Departmentof Veterinary patholilgy - 5 - Results Slide Conference- No' 4 AFIP Wednesday 3 October 1984 Conferencelr4odsrator: John M. Langloss, DVM,PhD Diplomate ACVP Chief, Division of Immunopathology ArmedForces Institute of Pathology Washington,DC 20306 had ffiear-o1dma1ecastratedcockerspanie1.Thedog ive massin the right ear canal with purulent exudate- The masswas a p reinovedin May 1981 with regrowth removedin Dee 1981. The dog presented in-May Radiographsrevealed osteolytic lesion of C5. Cervical 1982 wlth tetiaparesis. myelogramindlcated space-occupyingmassin the lateral spinal canal. at C5. The dog was euthanatlzed at ownexrequest. Gross Patholoov- The rioht venous sinus at the C5 is dilated and filled gramctingiitotnespina1cana1andcompressingthecord. wlth Laboratory ResuLts- Results of all serum ehemistry, hematologic and urlnary limits. analffiar rs D . l,letastatic chemodectomato the flfth Chemodectoma was diagnosedin the first and secondbiopsy surgieal temoval' neoplastic cells arranged in nests or based on the round ovoid eplthelial-like cJ.usters, assoeiated or separated by dellcate fibers or blood spaces. This tumor have been orlginatlng from the ear canal is unusual, inasmuchas chemodectomas pulmonary found in the earotid, aorttc and bodies and occasionally in the urinary bladder. $FIP Diaonosis- Mal.ignantneoplasm,vertebial body, eoeker spaniel, canineConferenceJlote_oThe attendees' differential diagnosis included mast cell tumffiemodectomA),andp1asmace11tumor(mye1oma).Insome sections, the morphologyof the tumor cells resemblesthat of mast ceLJsl however' nunerousspecial stains failed to yield conelusive results. Someconference attendees thought that the tumor cells were packeted by fine fibrovascular septa, whiJ.eothers thought this septal network was probably the sinusoidal septa normalJ.yfound in the medullary cavity. A Churukian and Sehenk The silver stain failed to demonstrateargyrophilic granules in the cells. Departmentof Endocrine Pathology, AFIP, thought this neoplasmis of neuroendocrine origin- It4ostconfereneeattendees thought that, basedon the morphologyof the neoplastic cells and the radiolucencies in the affected cervical veterbrae, a diagnosis of myelomaeould be made. However,most neoplastic cells lack e6centric nuclei, a perinuclear Golgi haIo, and heterochromatinpatterns typical of plasma cells- Elnvf--gleen-pyronin staining is often helpful in demonsliating nruiiin tne copious rER of plasmacells. Best results in bone sections would be oStained using EDTAas the decalcifying agent. Contributor- The Animal Medical center, 510 East 62 street, Newyork, Newyork 1002r--- SuqgegtedreadinL Pa t n a i k , A - K .; tIu , S . K ; Hurvitz, A. I. et a1.: Caninechemodectoma (. extra-adrenal paragangitomas ) -- a comparativestudy. J- Sm- Anim_pract_ 15: 785-801, 1975. F b t n a i k , A - K -; L o rd , P- F., and Liu, S. K.: Chemodectoma of the urinary bladder in a dog. J. Am. Vet- Med. Assoc- 164l. 797-BOO,1974. Pa t n a i k , A - K - e t a l .: Extracutaneousmast cell tumor in the dog_ Vet. path_ 19: 508-515, I9BZ. II- AFIP a 30-pound 9-year-old male springer spaniel canine_ 3:g^:?:^?*:"l!:o y1!! :_z:yearhistory-of enroniJ-pvob.*i.-il; ;;;";il;; alopecia, and rapid weight lois. vv.v This P, The dbg was'ireated with antibioties but developeda respiratory-infeetion and wai euthanatizedat the owner's request. The dog had bilateral alopecia, calcinosis cutis and an ,- 9lPis PathoJogvurcelative pyoderma of the faee, lqg: and lateral thorax- The fung-iobJJ ,J". firm, red-brownand contalnedmultiife Oar[-r.O-g""V foci filled with purulent material. The conductingairways wbre filled wi[n ir-ia"gJ, oart 6urulint-.iro.t". brown,irregurar masswai preseht in tne irea oi tni-pilrii"rv'o0x8x7 mm)and complessed the hypothalamus-The adrenal glands y/ereuiratJilrry enrarg"i ,itn thickened, nodular eortical tissue. rne pirithyroid grands-were moderately enlarged. Laboratorvtgggl!+ At presentation, the referring veterinarian observed that tniffiutoe!losis,e1evatea-."",'a]ka1inephosphatase,a1anine aminotransferase, and'cholesterol,'but n"it-normal BUNand'ereatj.nine. Its urine specific gravity- was_verylow (1-005), "oio-not respondto water --in"cteprivatlon, but did increase to 1-015 wiln tne vasopressintest (;Ia;ilinj. oyrnersrefused further tests or treatment whenthe' respii.6;t ihfection developed shorgy thereafter. - 2 - contributor,s *lt hypothalamus, j--EornCIgnt.chromophobeadenomain the pars .distalis, Dia-s1qsi-gand ession of the neurohypophysis pituitaryr dog- . !__^t ___!r^^1 ,-.,aararr tumor this dog had bilateral eortieal hyperplasia In addition io-tne'|ituitary 'an uleerltive dermatiti6 with epidermal atrophy and-dermal of its adrenal glands, minerallzation,-*ifo-p"iathyroid gland hyperplasia, markedlymphoiddepletion of and'lymphnodes, and a-severe, chronic active, suppurative iil-"pi""n This dog probably fibrosis. absc6ssation and interstitial Uionenopneumonia'with (ACTH-seereting).adenoma of the had an endocrinologlcally active corticotroph pituitary tnit resulted in an almost classical presentation of aOenonypophysis hyperadrenoeorticism (canine Cushing's syndrome).. RegretfuJ'lyt OepenO-eht' pituitary-abrenocortical function tests were not performedl howeverr the morpnolo"glcallesions observed at necropsy are typicgl for this-syndmme.. This dogis clinleal signs of diabetes insipidus were likely the result of the tumor Oeitioying the noimal adenohypophysis,neurohypophysi!.andhypothalamus(Capen' C.C., igZ6 anO1983)- This iyndrbmeof long term cortisol excess is often eompiicatedby severe bacteribl infections.-This was seen in this case' with a the final outcomesevere suppurative bronchopneumonia adenoma,pituitary AFIP Dlagnosis. Chromophobe gJ.and,Springer spaniel, canine- stains revealed that the tumor cel1s were ConferenceNote. Immunohistochemical [email protected]].adenohypophysissituatedaroundthe Similar staining procedures to detect bOgeof lhe mass v{ere produelng prolactin. the pltultary gJ.ycoproteinhormones(TSH, FSH, LH) are often unrewarding; these beta chain which frequently leads to cross reaetivity. hormonesshare-a common ContribuLo_g- Departmentof Pathology, University of Maryland School of l'4ediEil-Edltlrnore, MarylandSugoestedreadinq. ffirsoftheendocrineg1ands-Chapt-12'ILtTumorsin DomesticAnimals, Moulton, J. E. (ed-),2nd-Ed., Revised, Univfflty of California Press, Berkeley, 1978, pp. 372-429. Capen, C. C.: The pituitary, overview- In Pathology of Laboratory Anlmals EndocrineSystem. Jones, T- C., Mohr, U., HunE,R. D., (eds.), Internatlonal LIfe Seiences Institute, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, I98t, pp. 99-I2O. Chalifoux, L- V-; Maekey,J- J-, and King, N. w.: A sparsely granulated' nonsecreting adenomaof the pars intermedia associated with galactorrhea in a male rhesus monkey(MacacamuLatta). Vet. Path. 20: 54I-547, 1983^ and Charpin, C.; HasEoun,J- et a1-: Immunohistochemical associated with Cushing's lnmunoelectron-microscopicstudy of pituitary adenomas dlsease. An. J. Path. 109: l-7, L982. - an DeStephano,D. B.; LJ.oyd,R. V.; Pike, A. M- et al-: Pituitary adenoma pxoductionandchmmogranin loca1izatlon. Am. lmmtrnohistochemical study of hormone Path. J. L16: 464-472,1984. associated with diabetes Dunbar, M. J!., and frlard,B. C.: Hyperadenoeorticism incipidus and hypothyroidism in a dog. J. Am- Anim. Hosp- Assoc. l8z 737-741' 1982. Peterson, M. E.: Hyperadrenocortieism. Small Anim- Pract. IA(t)z 73I-749, 1984. in a Tsuchitani, M., and Narama,I.: Pituitary thyrotroph cell adenoma Vet- Path. ZLz 444-447, 1984Cynomolgusmonkey(Macacafaseicularis)- - 3 - rrr - 8t-2189r, 8t-2I89 rr (ALrf niitbiv. littEfmTFin L947 rvl > incl Jr rt,JLlugv., J-IUE EM slide - kltEen: Three of five Tissue from a 3-weekafter exhibiting mouth hours a purebredcattery died within 24 e Pers I'co1df'. Twokittens r01 for submlEEeo kittens were submitted breathing and lethargy, i.e. signs of a I'co1df'. one the litter (1 into introduced weekolder) had been necropsynecroosvl A foster k[itten died. first animals 3 weekprLviousLy. It died 4 days after the Both kittens were fat and hydrated- One kitten had numerous cfo_s,s__Ba_t!1a]o€y"ora1ffiu1eersonthetongue-Bothhad1argeconf1uentareasof in the Iung. consolidation and pneumon5.a Contributorrs Diaonosis & CommentPneumonia,necrotic and proliferative, subaeute,multifocal, severer lung. Necrosis, acute, multifocal, moderate, Iiver with numerousCowdryType A intranuclear lneluslons ln hepatocytes. The initial presentation of this case eorrespondswith the respiratory feline viral rhinotraeheitis syndrome. However,due to the age and relatively irmature immunologiealstatus of these kittens, they rapidly developeda fulminating systemic disease with charaeteristic multifocal areas of parenchymaleell necrosis in several visceral organs- The electron micrographsdemonstratenurerous particles within the nueleus, budding through the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte and free within the spaee of Disse. The nuclear particles have an average diameter of I05 nm consisting of a central dense eore surroundedby a clear zone boundedby an outer rembrane. Cytoplasmlc partieles have an average diameter of 151 nm and are boundedby an additional clear zone surroundedby another membrane. AFIP Piaongses. 1) Pleuropneumonia, fibrinous, necrotizing, subacute, diffuse, severe, with multifocal moderatearteritis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, lung, Persian, feline. 2) Necrosis, hepatocellular, multifocal, mild to moderate, with eosinophilic intranuclear inelusion bodies, J.iver, etiology compatible with feline herpesvirus. Conferencel*,lote. Confereneeattendees discussed feline calieivirus (FCV) as a [email protected],morece1]u1ar, and.frequently have hyperplaiia and hypertrophy of Type II pneum6iytes. Vasculai leslons are not typically seen, nor is overt'systemib disease. oub to the ftnding of lingual ulcers at necropsyr the possibility-of a dual (FCVand t-terpes)lniection was dlscussed, although oral ulcers are oecasionally seen with herpesvlrus infections alone. Herpesviruses-are highly cdll-associated; they can mature intracellularly and spread eontlguously from cell to cell avoiding exiosure to circulating antibodies. Thesecharacteristics are responsible for the-pooi lmmunify wnicn tofiowJ-JipJsrre to.this agent- Loeal production of IgA-is thought to be of importance, and new evidence suggests an actlve role for 6e11-media[eoirnmuniiv. isolatlon of the virus from the trigeminal ganglia of cats suggests tneie-miy be persistence of the virus in a latent formstmitai to that seenii bovinesanonumini-iru.iiisEllgaz>. Contributor- Comparative -piovins Pathology Braneh, -uirvrano US Army ResearchInstitute cnemT6ell-Dffid,noeioeJn cr6lnol 21010. - 4 - of SuqgestedreadinqffiGreene,C.E.:Fe1inereSpiratorydiseases.In Mierobiolo6y and infectious oisiases of the oog airOCat." Chapt. ,0, F-E- Gteene, Ed i t o r , S a u n d e rs,1 9 8 4 , p . 5 2 7 . Gaskell, R. M-, and Povey, R. C.: Transmissionof feline viral Vet. Rec. l,LIz 359-362, 1982rhinotracheitis. Gaskell, R. M.: The natural history of the major feline viral diseases. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 25: 159-172, 1984. Nasisse, M- D.: Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatmentof 0cular Herpesvirus Infectlons in the Cat. Compendon Cont. Educ. 4z 962-97011982Povey, R. C.: A review of feline viral rhinotraeheitis (fel.ine herpesvirus I infection). Comp-Immunol.Microbiol- Infect. Dis- 2: t77-t87, 1979. IV- t I Jl)Ll. an lI-year-old male terrier cross dog. Suddenonset of a massln the ventral neck region was seen 3-4 monthsprior to presentation. An asplrate of the mass produceda large volume of serosanguinousfluld. The mass was removedsurgically but recurred 2 monthsafter suxgery, at which time the dog was euthanatlzed. Gross Patholoqv- At necropsy the neoplasmwas found to have metastaslzed to regiffi, but distbnt metastaseswere not noted. Contrlbutor I a Malignant mixed thyroid tumor- umorsare mole cornmon in dogs than in humans(where they are conslderedto be rare)- Someauthors makea distinction betweenthe terms malignant ml.xedtumor (wherethe epithelial and mesenchymal eLementsare separate) (wherethese two components and carcinosarcoma ate moreclosely intermixed). In thls particular case, the glandular and mesenchymal components seemed,for the most part' to reside in separateregions of the tumor. Althoughnot present within every section, both osteoid and cartilage were foundwithin the sarcomatous r€gions. AFIPPiaqnosis- Malignantmixedneoplasm,thyroid, with metastasesto lymph nodeand lung, terrler cross, canine. Conferenee Note. Thereis variation in the tissues presentl somemicroslides tnc1ffiymphnodeand/or1ung,andinsome!hereareremnantsof normalthyroid along the marginsof the tumor- Theamountof osseousand cartilagenousdifferentiation also varies, but squamous differentiation is consistent in most sections. Someattendeesnoted what appearedto be empty abortive foLlicres withln the epithelial areas of the neoplasms. Immunohlstochemieal stains for thyroglobulin and calcitonin wete negativeA recent study by lvlooreet a1., suggeststhat only eareinomas with iollicular patterns showany consistencyin immunopositivityfor thyroglobulin. lulostcarcinomasmetastasizevia lymphaticsand are usually first detectedin draining lymphnodes. Thyroid carcinomasare loeally invasivb; early invasion of cranial and caudal thyroid veins will result in multiple pulmonarymbtastases ' 5 - before i.nvolvementof ioeal lymph nodes is seen. Mixed neoplasmsare morbcommonly seen i.n the mammary and salivary glandsContributor= Bushy Run ResearchCenter, R . D . 4 , M e l l o n R o a d , E x p o r t , (-submittedfor the FDAieenrffi=2. SuoqestedreadinqBr o d e y , R. S ., a n d K e l l y, D - F.: Thyr oid neoplasmsin the dog - a clinicopathologic study of fifty-seven cases. Cancer 22: 406-l+16,1958. fuergelt, C. D.: Mixed thyroid tumors in two dogs- J- Am- Vet. Med. Assoc. L52t I658-I66t,1968. Johnson,J. A., and Patterson, J" M.: Multifoeal myxedema and mixed thyroid neoplasmin a dog. Vet. Path. 18: ll-20, 19glL e a v r I - ; S ch i l l e r, A . L .; R i j nber k, A. et a1- : Adenomas and car cinomasof the canine and feline thyroid. Am. J. path. g3: 6I-93, 1976. l'lason, R., and l{ellsr H. G.: 0n the occurrence of true ririxedcarclnomatousand sareomatoustumors (sarcocareinoma)with report of a mixed earcinoma-chondrosareoma of the thyroid of a dog. J. Canc. Res. lJ: ZA7-2I7, IgZg^ oglobulinand _ F o r g r F . M-; K ].e d zi k,G. s.; vr lolfe,H. J. et ai.: Thyr 'vei. caleitonin lmmunoreactivity in canine thyroid earcinomas. path. 2l: 16g-173, 1994. DAVIDL. FRITZ, v.M_D. Captain, VC, USA Reglstry of Veterinary pathology Departmentof Veterinary pathology - 6 - Results Conferenee- No' 5 Slide AFIP V,lednesday 10 October 1984 ConferenceModerator: Ma ri o nG- Valer io, D.V- MDiplomate' ACVP Deoartmentof PathologY uitton Bionetics, Inc551.6Nicholson Lane Kensington, W 20795 tal finding at necropsy of an aged female @ multFbulated Present adjaeent to the right ovary was a 2-5 cn diameter white mass. rs Diaonosis & Comment-Endometriosis'periovarianr rhesusmonkeyt ---6oiffie-Eii6-sis q iq a commonoccurrence i'n spontaneousl occursspontaneousry monkey!; rher i.n rhesus rhesusmonkeysl 'or'$3.YEry:-llf!:Iotomv) occurrence occurrencei.n common ls is a common . itit occurs ffioiffii8ris but has also beenaisociateo wi[n-slrsiea] manipuration dysmenorrhea' /L- -^a---!--., and exposure to ioniiing radiation. 6finiea11y, T9!f?ys exhibit The endometriar tissues rrregular tenstruai-cycles and iniirtiutt. *noiih"gi", and can enlarge' hormones tb tesponsive ate which are wlthln the abdomlnalcavity menstruation' during rupture and truio, filled with brown to red io"r "iits extensive adheslons. Comptications such as colonic and ureteral produclng intra-abdominal hemorrhageand anemiacan resultiliictu"E, The cause of endometriosis is not known- There may be regurgltation of.. fnrunoioulum of the oviduet into the peritoneal cavlty -rnootretiium endonetrlum.tnroulh-lh; maybe seededinto the peritoneal-:"I1ll d::lng Jriing-minitrutii6n; ;6iine surgery;-ln.re maybe netapiasia of . coelomiceplthelium into endotnetrlal {iiiue; ceri rlitJ oi-tne"wotrttan'duct systemmayundergotransformatlonto metastaslsof endoretrial tissue, or there maybe lymphltic or hematogenous endometrial tlssue. AFIp Diaonosls. Endometriosis,periovarian (per contributor)r rhesusmonkeyt t@imateConferenceNote. The site of the lesion in this case cannot be determinedfrom [email protected] cl'raracteris[ica]]y uterihe in appearance,endometriosisgenerally can be- becausethe former lacks myometrlallayers differentiated frbm uterine adehbmyosis usually can-beruled out because with interposed vasculature. A uterine neoplasm it general.lywould not be as well-differentiated as this Lesion, wouldoften conlah rnorl glandular structures and there would be no endometrlal stromal proliferatlonl CeLLsresemblingeosinophils are scattered throughout_thestroma. Theseare endometrlalgranuloeyieswhich are derived from stromal cells; at and secrete relaxin h,hieh rnenstruationthey eongiegatesub3acentto the endometrium primates and rats. causesdissolutibn of-the stroma. Theyare seen in Endometriosis is a condition seen only in primates and the epithelium is responsive to estrogen and progesterone- This condition has been reprodueedby seebing of the abdotenwith'miiced endometrial tissue followed by treatment with ovariai steroids (Bertens et al. , 1982). Adenomyosisis seen in primates as well and is generally not responsive to ovarian steroidsas other mammals Contributor.- ComparativePathologySection, National Institutes of Health, bethesda, Marylanb 2a2o5. 9ooffiFilllitFike, Suqqestedreadinq. Bertens, A.P.M-G.et aI-: Endometriosis1n rhesus monkeys- Lab. Anim. 15: 281-284, t982. DiGlaeomo, R- F-: Gynecologic pathology in the rhesus monkey (lvtacaca mulatta)Findings in laboratory and free-ranging monkeys- Vet- Path- 14: II. 5t9-546, 1977. Fanton, J. Vrl., and Hubbard, G. B-: Spontaneousendometriosis in a cynomolgus monkey (.l4ac?cgfaselcularis). Lab. Anim. Sei. 33t 597-599, Ig87. lvlacKenzie,w. El-EndEasey, H. t{.: Animal model: Endometriosis in rhesus monkeys- Am- J- Path. 8Oz34I-344, 1975. McClurer H- M.: Endometriosis- In SpontaneousAnimal Models of Hr.rman Dis e a s e - V o l.1 , A n d re w s,E . J., wandle- c. and Ar tm an,N. H. ( Eds.) , Aca dem i e Press, NewYork, !979, pp- 215-218. 8171 AFIP a l5-month-old, male, African green monkey(Cercooithecug aethiops) v{ eh was found semicomatose, with a temperatuieof 94oF. Petechlal hemorrhagesappeare0on the ventral abdomen,and spread to the axillary region and minutes. He died shortly thereafter. - IISSUC GrossPatholoqyt. The__large intestine wasexternally dark red; it contained oarffingir-idlThemUcoSahadseattereirouno,raisedwhlte nodulesup to 3 mmin diameter, whiehweremostnumerous in mii1-eolon. Gsenteric lymphnodeswere enlargedand hemorrhagic. The liver wasenlirged and friable. ffi. Lung, spleen, liver, Lungr_sp]een, Gut: E. coli, necropsy: kidney: yersinia entero.colitica Campvlobacteiffi . 1) Colitis, acute, necrotizing, multlfocal, seve - Yersinia entemeolitica. 2) - Hepatitis, aeute, necrotlzlng, multifodal, Afri6in green monkey,etiology - yerslnia qnterocolitica. I'trltiTocaf MJltlfocar necroti necrotlzing lesions containing bacterial colonles were aLso found in spleen and kldney from this case- The bacteria baeteiia were h,e?eo?em-ncnarivc. gram-negative. disease,in prif;.[rr.- rn ourcorony nonnui.n 'il-;il;;ji.'Jrtoil#: :^y:1*:d:?ypl!:q animats with access to outooori', ;i; :l^::.:::_ln^Io:lg ff:.*:.:1,i: t; t-"ilJ'f,oi'.,r ;::':.,!:t::,,1:"lnl:-t!^:':^::l?ll lld.p:"1-9y: i;f;;;i;;:' rhisease il; ,'nori'iriii!.i-.Errr" *:t:fthe presence :::_!Tl'T:","1,,apparenilv-orr-io and of bacterlal eol6nies in neciotiring lesions, however,are typical. - 2 - t0 multifoeal' mode'rate AFrPDlaqnoses-L) colitis, necrotizing' acute' ."u"ffi,-6..iri"'v,.oioniJi_"no,submucosa1ph1ebitisand aelhioPs')'^ phlebothrombosis, large intestine,-Rtricangttt;"il6ilev iiFicgPitnecus ,^ETn-FFreEitis' thrombosls' mild, primate. 2) serositis, acute,iol.riv-eil.iliue, etiology intestine, Large bacirlary colonies,mesenteric.attainment'of andnumerous multifoeal' a-ute, ii-nJp.iitis,.ne*otizing, - compatiore *iii-iErlinG-;ti;. colonies,liver. coecobacillary mild, with nmumerours attendeesnoted areas of apparentinfarction in Note- Conferenee Confeqence bY the contributor' Also' several attendeessaw tne ffid areas intralesional ameboidorganisms,and spirocheteswithin colonic crYPts in unaffected by the infLammatoryprocess' infections is that the lesion(s) are A hallmark of yersinia u s u a 1 1 y o r m r r o - s "nt"io"oiiii"" u n u s u a 1 a s n o t e d b y t h e e o n t r i b u t o r . inJ p"tnogenesis-anJ-epiieriolo6y are not well knownbecauseinfections ar€ reproOuci-e*perimeitally- Swine and dogs have been incrlminated as difficult-to potential of V. qnleqocglitiea; in conttast, humaninfectlon UY.L peak food. rnterestlnglYr .the """"ruoiii is associated':w-it6-taminated oseudotubereurosis %--"niiio'oiiti""isduringconvaIescenceratherthanduringthe :::i:"3il"::t:i 1eB0). lr criteria hetp [o arorementioned dlfferentiate dlseasecausedby Y.'enteroeoLitica from an otherwisesimilar disease causedby Y- pseudotubercuLosisinfection is seen in nonhuman Themost severe form of Y. pseudotubercglo-sis primates,artiodactyJ.s,anoEE,effiacterizedbyacute,sevele rtorinonicrotic entlrilis and mesentericlymphadenitiswith disseminatednecrotie f6i-$ the liver, lung and spleen. A 1es3acute form is seenin blrds and some nodules of disseminatedpyogranulomatous mammals in which there'is devblopment or are absent lesions where intestines fbr the inioughort the viscela, except rodentst in form is seen A chronic simllir to the aeute f6rm but less severeiipiciiffy rats,-ino is characterizedby the preseneeof occasionalgranulomatous nobufei in fympnnodes,Liver and spleen (Baskin,1980). do not pmduceexotoxlns'.ft. Slnee moststrains of Y. pseudotubgrculgsis tissueneeros1spioouceoCj[riffioughttobe.duetoanendotox1n of rnicn mayalso bb-coupledwith-the effects of lysoiomal.proteolytlc enzyrnes dylng leukocytes (0bwolo' 1980) gfaY gqfqol of Contr.lbutor- Departmentof Comparativel'ledlclne, Bowman Medififr;-60-sorrth HawthorneRoad,l{inston-Salem,North Carollna 27IOt. Suooestedreadinq. aspects of Yersir"ria pseudoluFgrcglos=isinfe.ction in ffiparative animals. In The ComparativePathology of Zoo Animalsr l'tlontali' R. J- and Mlgakrt (Eds-)ismftnsonian Institution Press, 1980, p- 2\9G.,'tironson, R. T-; May, B. D., and Ruebner,B. H.: An outbreak of infectlon by yersinia ps6udotub6rcui6sis primates. Amer.J. Path. 692289-30t,L972. in'nonhuman infeetlon in mice. odel: oral Yersinia enterocolitica Am. J. Path. 8Iz 7O77O6, 1975. McLure, H. M.; U,leaver,R- E., and Kaufman, A- F-: Pseudotuberculosfs in groupnonhumanpiimatesi fnfection with organisms of the lersinia enteroeolitica Lab. Anim- Sci. 21: 376-382, I97I. - 3 - Obwolo, M- J.: The pathogenesisof yersiniosis. In The ComparativePathology of Zoo Animals, lvtontali, R. J: and Migaki, G., Editors, gnithsonian Institution Press, 1980, p. 225l{ooley, R- E.; Shotts, E- 8., and McConnell,T- I,',l.: Isolation of Yersinia from selected animal speeies. Am. J- Vet. Res. 41: 1667-1668' 1980. enteroeolitica - N8r-319 (AFIP 190A652). -o1d, female, spotted jaguar (Pantheraonea) which had a history of chronic 0vabanusage for 5 years. Prlor to euthanasia it developedabdominal distension and obstipation- A peritoneal tap revealed a nonseptic exudate with characteristics of neoplasia. Abdominalradiographs were followed by an exploratory laparotomy which revealed carcinomatosis involving the mesenteryand omentumCase III Gross Patholoqv. Disseminatedneoplasia, multifocal, severe, uterus, ovaxies, omen@liac lymph nodes and spienic eapsule. 1) Uterine adenocarcinoma, with metastasls to ymphnodes, splenic eapsule and broad ligament- 2) Cystic distension of endometrial glands, severe, with multifocal mineralization, utelus. The uterine adenocarcinomaprobably originated at multiple sites within the endometrium,most likely from endometrial glands- lv'letastasisoceurred via lymphaties and transperitoneaL seeding- Whetherit was reLated to Ovabanusage remains unclearl so does the relationship betweenthe endometrial gland changesand 0vaban. AFIP Diaqnosg?. 1) Adenocarcinoma, papillary, uterus, spotted jaguar (Panthera ong?)' reJine. U Hyperplasla, cystic, endometrial glands, diffuse, severe, wlth multifocal mj.neral5.zation,utexus. ConfereneeNote- Conferenceattendees discussed the possible relationshlp betweenchronic negestrol acetate (Ovaban)usage and the lesions seen ln this case. Studies have shownthat endometrial atrophy is the end result of chronic use of. progestin preperations upon an endometriumwhith has not been "priredfl by estrogens- Howeve!, in womenlt is thought that the pathogenesisof endometrial carclnoma beglns with cystic endometrial hyperplasia due to overstlmulatlon by estrogens. A progressive, step-wise changeof the uterus Leads toward cell transformation, carcinoma-in-situ, and eventually invasive adenocarcinoma(Preiser, L964) uterine neoplasmsare rare in domestic cats and are most commonlyseen in the rabbit and bovine- Adenocarcinoma in the cow is charaeteristiealJ.y sclrrhous, often with small foci of tumor evoking a florid desmoplasia. In the doe, a higher incidenceof uterine adenocarcinoma is seenin breedswhlchhavea coneomlttant susceptibility to toxemlaof pregnancy- It has beensuggestedthat llver damage resulting from the toxemlacould result in failure to inactivate estrogenwith eventual development of adenocareinoma of the uterus (Cotchin, Marchani,19n). Contrlbuto!= veteiiiffiMffiine, Departmentof Comparative& Experimental Pathology, Coll.egeof University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610. - 4 - in aged suqqes!.edre.adinq..,-- ? . A^imarmnr{el:Soontaneous adenocarcinoma Baba,t'l-andTon-Haam,EaiAnima1model:Spontaneousaoeno Tract: '.**i;;ril'rJt":3th"3f;;"i\t Reproductive orrheFemare TyTo,, l1?''ol?l3i '.1977' 9' 27' Springer-verlag and#t;fi;lili; spontaneous in a cat' Cornell 0'Rourke,M. D. andGeib,U.-W.i-rnOomeiiiii'.itlocircinoma ur''r33o.i3i;3?-g.t3l3'*oo*to, in threecats' tumors urerine F.: sponraneous t*'J3s;r:t;.?";333;rti?ii adenocarcinoma !e64' in a cat. path.Vet-1t 48v4eo, AFIP 18 .'}fl;'3Xll", *e1" ;:,H. 1 i;?:;i?i:l ffi:iffiH"? 'fi'J";iiiXi"r"ii;; ?ip:'iT;riii:1. ":i:*:l*:i ::'#"liEli-n"'i,iii"f;"'gil'i":,ili;F'i? 3i?:?l3':? 3'i?Tif^i;.1+::.:"^::tffi1'I? andhistolosic illness i;';;uurop-'rinicar 'BrLvlY' a f f i f i n';;i-ii*ifo:eaught d i n g i n a n a d u 1 t , w i } d - c a p t u r e d , f e m acebus I e C etPt:It-.Y:,e..Pl1,:n bus vtele nero r monkevs and adult suo-aE"ii sun-adult ;;d-il',i!-b"nus monkey-lffirouo of 15 wild-eaugnt il'ii!'n3'l"l'0il513::" evidenee of virus lnfectlon. ln the gross Pgtholoqv. At necropsy a well-differentiated cholangioearclnomanodures diameter-greyish-tan e to z.^s liver was observed, as weu as ni.,r"rou" 0-5jejunumand duodenum the of surface o"'in" iirosal of braln' Ilver' Laboratorv=Results. Virus could nOt be isolated from samples sp1een,1rng,uffi'""o-Iio""i_"!^Z9^93yS.post-inocu1at1on.Intestina1 2 other animalsin thls gmup nodulesfrom this cebusmonkeyinFip-ies2297-il'and (AFIp L}5zu7-t-InJ-ra!rigt-D were examinedby a parasitologist and wele identlfled as ^@!!gg sp- probably M' @!g' rsD jeJunum's$ ml1d-6 rnodeFatb' sP. pyosranuloma' (molineus) eiioi6iil-Jiigioiis:'N66[Gt verminous Molineg? Etiolo6y: Yoilneussp-, probablv !oryl!il1?: Inth1sg'o.,;tiT;.-"p.]"[i"_monfte@Sweleobservedinthe of l'1 anlmal's(ZX)' An sma11intestlne, coJ.on,liver, pancreai irfr:ffintum addltlonal 2 animal.shad fiOros!.Jerotic plaques on the serosa of the small or mlgratlon,tracts' intestlne which rav-n"u" Ueenrtmnantsof parasitic nodulespyogranulmata were Njne of the Lr ini6cted animalshad nodulei.in the Jejunum; (q2) pancreas ' ' ileum (n=3), pioiimal colon afto ouservedln"tne-OuoOenum-(n=il sevele diffuse died-of (n=l). cebus.monkey One i.=zll-riui"-tn=rj ano omentum chronic fibrinopurulent peritonitis whichwasattributed to infection by this. paraslte. The adult helmlnths in the nodulesare readily identified as trichostrongylins basedon 1) consFicrousfongitudinal ridges proSetting f5!m the cuticle,2)platymyartanmerlmyarianmu6eulaturewhiih ean 5e transitional, 3) strongylin intestine which i;'atfiinenl naurnga large lumen,lgrge lntestinal cell nuclel' multinucleate iniestinal cells, anEthin [o lnterrirediafemicrovlllous border, 4) and thln-shelled non-larvated, morula-stageeggs-rtbut beeausethe organism.ls.a The life cycle of Molineussp. is unknown, that all animarswere is assumed tb oe direet. tricnGtiongvr6,-it-is-F;til infeeted in the'wiId. l"tanyof the animals in this tr group also had malaria and patent 'should filarid infeetions (microfilaremia). Differential diagnosis at autopsy however, this helminth is considered very rare in include 0esophogastomum, l.bwtrr|or1dmonkeffi6du1espr6dominant1yinthecoIonof01d}rlor1d can immediately be ruled out as monkeysand apes. Histologically, Oesophoqastomu[ acauieofthenodu1es,be-ausethemadu1twormSwiththeireggsin the lesion. Histologically, the nodule is a typical granulomawith a suppurative eore. In someseetions the eore of the nodule clearly communieates with the lumen of the The non-larvated eggs are released into the intestinal lumen and small intestine. infrequently the adult wormsprpject into the Lumen- Several species of Molineus are recognlzed, but only M. torulosus has been recognized as causing nodular granulomata; the other species of Molineus typically lie unattached on the intestinal mucosa. eosinophilic, focal, containing nLrmerous adul,t flFIP Diaqnosis- Granuloma, nematodes and eggs, serosa, small intestine, Cebusmonkey,primate; etiology eompatiblewith*Moiineustorulosus. ConferenceNote- Other than differentited from Molineusinel Ngcht.-lF. is a tricnoEEF6iffird but proffipapif6frE parasites which must be rrchis. Like Molineus, iiGGal nodulFii-aEF6 stomachof 01d l|Jorl.dmonkeys. In the adult worm, external to the lateral eords, the eutieular ridges-are fused and divergent from one another; this morphologic characterlstic is unique to Nochtia. Prosthenorehis is an acanthocephalanwnicn produeesserosa1nodulesinffi6geffiE-occasiona].J.ythe'i1eumofNew It{or1dmonkeys;thorny-headedwormswill be seen attaehed to the-mucosal surface. . ^ L.torHlosus dlffers from other trichostrongylids in the propensity of infective Larvae to burrow muchdeeper into the intestine, often reaching the submucosaor oceasionally even the serosa as in this case. Larvae maturd into adults and their-eggg are-deposited in the tissues; somemakethelx way to the lumen via neerotie channeLs. M=torulosus also hai a tendency to lnvaie the hostrs vascu1arsystem;adu1tsandegi!Effiseeninvesse1sassociatedw1th fibrinous thrombl. Another chiracteristic is invasion of the pancreas resulting in chronic,pancreatitis with adults and eggs often evident within'inflamed pancreatic ducts (Brack et al-, Ig73). Contrlbutor.- Division of Pathology, U.S. ArmyMedical ResearchInstitute InfeiffibiiFase, Fort Deirick, uariiino 2I7oI. for SJqqested readinoAbbott, D- P. and lvlajeed, S- K.: A survey of parasites in wild-caught, laboratory-malntainedprlmates: Rhesus, cynolgus, and baboon. Vet. Path. 2Iz l9&2O7, 1984. B r a c k , M .i Mye rs, B - J-; K u n tz, R. E.: Pathogenic properties of l,tolineus torulosusin capuchinmonkeys,CebusapeIla. Lab. Anim.S c i . 2 l l 3 6 0 r f f i , Chitwood, M., andLicht bnf effi.-Flf-i Oenti f ieati on of parasitic metazoain tlssue sections. Exp. parasltol. 32: 407, 1972. Toftr J- D-: The pathoparasitology of the alimentary tract and pancreas of primates: A review- vet. path- 19(supl 7): 44-gz, lggz. nonhuman DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.DCaptain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology - 5 - Results AFIP l{ednesdaySlide Conference- No' 6 17 0ctober 1984 Conference l,bderator : F . M- Ga r ner , D.V.M . Diplomate, ACVP Veterinary Pathologist 4416 Oak Hill Road Rockville' MD 2f,853 Id female Fischer 744 rat-Gross patholoqv. The rat was found at necropsy.!o have-a.left tlres the normaL-ffie. The masswas infiltrated'witn was no evldenceof metastasls. t. 6t kidney fo95 pale friable tissue- There (nephroblastoma). nephroma Embryonal in the rat (Baker, Llndsey' are uncommon (embryonilnephroma, l{ilms' tumor)ale reporle9!o be the f979):- NdnroOiaitcrnas 1968). typi of renal tlmor ln the rat, (nottendorfr.Ingraham, most-frequ'ent Nephroblastcrnas'bccurln younger anlmals (meanage less than one year). AFIP DlaOnosls. Nephroblastoma,kidney, Fischer 344, rat, rodent. Conference Note. The Departmentof Urogenital Pathology provlded the oplnlon tnatffiasmiss1m11arhistomoipho1ogica11ytoscmecasesof|{i1ms| tunpr ln chtldren- A difference they note is in the cells whlch have undergone fronr the blastema. In thls caser manycells have.small epltheltal dlfferentlatlon nirclel wlth uniform chrornatln stlppling and appeat benign ln corparlson to the cells l.n tumors of children which have large and vesleular nuclel, lmpartlng a more mallgnant appeatanee. This case ls slmllai to those tumors ln chlldren whlch have a preOomtnahtly epltheltal element formlng small cysts (someof whlch represent I'bre comrnonly,they see tumors wlth a promlnent mesenchymal abortive gloneiult). elementr. and occaslonally tumors that are purely mesenchymalFfard and Grasso Q976) suggest that the rat nephroblastomais the eounterpart of the eplthellal eomponentof humanl{ilms' tumor, whereas the rat mesenchymal tumor seems to correspond to the mesenchymalcomponentof the same htman tunnot. Because of the hlstologlc spectrum ln the humantunor, and the occunence ln the rat of tfe eplthellal (nephroblastoma) and mesenchymaltumors as separate entltlest the concept that l{llmsr tumor of manmay often represent a eorposltlon tumor (corposed of two or more mallgnant cell populations) should be consldeted. A slmllar turnor ln rabbits serves as a model for thls neoplasmln hunans. Slmllarltles are seen in hlstlogBnesis, size of the primary tr.mor, and mallgant character ln both rabblts and humans. Polycythemia is seen eormonly ln the rabblt, and occaslonally ln hunans, ln conjunctlon with nephroblastomas. This is posslbly due to excesslve erythropoeitin produetlon by the tumor or by remaining normal renal tissue, in response to renal hypoxia from tumor impingementupon the blood supply. Contrlbutor. Pathology Department,Eli Lilly creeiTleETnldi-an a 45140I & Company,P.0. Box 708, Suoqestedreadinq--ffiey,J.R.,andWeisbroth,s-H.:TheLaboratoryRet.Vol. 1, Biology and Diseases, Academicpress, Newyork, 1979, p. 355. of the kidney in swine. 24th Annual Report _ DaYr L. E-: _ Embryonaladenosarcoma of the Bureau of Animal rndustry for the year J.907, USDA,pp. 247-2s7, r9o9. l'lanlehen' T. and Stavton, D-: Animal model: Nephroblastomain rabbtts transplacentally lnduced by ethylnitrosourea. Comp-Path. 8u11. 1I:4, 2 & 4, 1979. Hard, G.. c., ang Grasso, P.: Nephroblastoma in the rat: Hlstology of a spontaneoustumorr_ldentlty with respect to renal mesenehymal neoplalirs, and a revlew of prevlously recorded cases. J. Nat. Canc. Inst. 47t 323-329, i976. . !'lardt G- C.,. and Fox, R. R.: Hlstologlc characterlzatlon of renai tr.mors (nephroblastomas) lnduced transplacentally in IIIVO/J and WH/Jrabblts by N-ethyJ.nltrosourea. Am. J. path- llj: g-ig, Iggt. Hottendorlr G. H., and Ingraham, K- J.: Spontaneousnephroblastomasin laboratory rats. J. Am. Vet.-Med. Assoc. L53r 926-g29, 196:8. l{lgaklr G., and Casey, H. hl.: Comparativepathololy of nephroblastomain . humansand anlmaLs- In Tumorsof Early Llfe in Manand-Animals. Edlted by L. Severl, l€etlng 8, pfrgia, 1979, p. Lb5t. wardropr_K. i.., Nakamuran T., and Gllddens, l{. E.: Nephroblastcrna wlth secondary polycythemia ln a NewZealand whlte iabbit. tab. nnlm. scl. 32t 2go-2g2, 1982. II- &..!-!2 a A-year-old Yel1owNape Amazonparrot. The blrd was a pet store 10 days earl.ier. It beeameprogresslvely rrcre doelJ.e, passlve, and depressed. Loosegreen droppingswere noted; it regurgltated prlor to death. Gross Pathol.gqv. Petechiae-seen on epicarctium. Edemafound ln lung. m.rlttple yerJ.owrocl In J.Iver. Lemgnye1lowexudatenoted ln mesentery(spleen ias not swollen but was showingevideheeof postmortem change). kiOneywasswollen and pale ollve color. ...1..i.r:.r.=.-: L?bor?torYBesults., Microscopie: Tapeworm ova seen In fecal. fulture: Negatlve for SalmonelLaand other_bacterlal pathogens. Also negative for Cardlda. vlrology: itagatlve for avian lnfluenza, Newbastl6,and pacrreco;s. inrirlrvofa-' oslttaci was lsolated. 9?ft-tflbutor's.Dlagngsls- Focal necrotlc hepatitis, acute psittacosls. Llver - severe multlple variable slze focl of eoagulatlon neerosis was seen throughout the parenchyma. LCL (pslttacosls) bodles ieiJ iouno_ Spleen - focal areas of necrosis were seen. lymphoeyticparavascularlnfiltratlon seen. [f9*V - lnterstltta]. Other organs - no slgnifieant- changes. -2- to moderate'with coccobaclllary intracellular and ne'irogranulomas, mufffi, etiologY--compatlblewtth parrot, avian' Amazon yeliow nape iiu6r, miEiooigin!.sms, Chlamvdlagslttael. AFIP Diaqnosls- Flepatitis, subacute, diffuset-mild confe.renceNote. Attendeesnoted qgny randomareas of coagulative neelosls olr,6r less numerousareas of caseousnecmsis ;;-g[Gg@:whleh were thouffiur' alesurroUnoeotiv-ni[iropn1fficcasiona11ymu1tinuc1eatedg1antce1Is.These' attendeesthoughi, rai-oi due to-a-eoncurrent-infection,.posslblycollbaclllosls. ln the mr or the Lesioni ti6n in this easeare rsnlniscent of those descrlbed (Rapheel. and.. colibacillosls pitttaeosis eoncutrent and fivei oi a parrot-wiin agents-other illggtlous demonstrate to i"itio", fgboi.- specfai stains falled ?ny inan-oiganlsmssug-giitiue-oi chLamydialelementarybodles wlthln Kupffer-cells and nepatocites. rnei6 lnfected cells'are not associLtedwtth the necrotle leslonsAl1 of ihe organlsmsln thls case are of simtlar slze whereasin most easesof cl'rfamyOfoshi vartatlon ls noted representing initial, intermedlater and elementarybodles. rfre Oifterenlla]. diagnosls included Pacheco'sdlsease (herpesvlrug)r collbaclllosls and mycoU-eteitosls, collbacillosls, and salmonellosl.s. AJ.though is resolved by. necrosls the pioduce necrosls, of focaL areis sitmonettosts lnterest to note ls of It necrogranulomas. formatlon of ln macmphages re'sultlng mycobacterla of stralns bovlne hunan ind infected wlth that iariots. are oftEn becauie tl'ey are frequently kept as housepets. Therefore, in mycobacterlalinfectlon o-f tne pariot, tFreni.rrerouslntraleslonal baclllt eharacteristlcally seen ln avLanE, rey lnstead be seant. Con_t_r_lbgtOLlvlarylandDepartnent of Agriculture, 49of-€-:Iil;TE-86?d, College Park, lvlaryland 2ot4o. Anlmal Health Laboratoryt Suoqestedrea4!ro. Arnsteln, P.; Meyer,K . F., revlsed by J. Schachter: Pslttaeosls and Ornlthosl.s. In Dlseaseso f Cageand Aviary Birdsl M.L. Petrak, Ed., 2nd Ed.r Lea & Febiger, L982, p. 528. Emerson,J. K.: Psittaeosis. J. Am. Vet. l,led. Assoc. 180: 612-61t, L982. l,blnn, R.: Epldemlol.oglc and laboratory observatlons of Chlamvdla psl.tlFcl lnfectlons ln pet blrds. J. Ar. Vet. l,{ed. Assoc. I84z L372-It74, 1984. (0rnlthosls). Pege, L. A.: Avlan ChJ.amydlosls .In Dlseases of Poultry, 7th Ed., Chapt. lt, edlted by M.S. Hofstad, Iowa State ttnlversity Press, L978, p.3V7. Raphael, B. L. and lverson, ftl. 0.: Collgranuloma and pslttacosls ln an &nazorr parrot. J. Att. Vet. Med. Assoc. l77z 927-929, L98O. yedr old Flartley straln gulnea pig frun a herd of Thts anlmal gulnea plgs used for the safety testlng of tubereulln. was anorexlc and loslng welght wlth alopecla. GrossPatholoqv. Kldneyshad an irregular surface, were flrm, and had rultlple small cysts througfroutthe eortex and medulla; multlple, 2mmln diameter ulcers ln stomach. LaboJatorvResults. BUN Cholesterol Ca P K SGPT 37 54 I2.5 6.1 8-1 11 ng/dL mg/d1 ng/dl mgldl meq/l mulml Total Protein Albumln Globulin Na c1 SGOT 4.4 gn/dI 2.4 gn/dl 2.0 Enld\ I42 neq/t II2 neq/L 50 mu/ml C o n t r 1 b u t o D i f f u s e l S B V 9 t € , e h r o n i c i n t e r s t i t i a 1 nepniiTF- Dlffuse lnvolvement of the kidney was charaeterlzed by tubular ectasla wlth flattenlng of qPllheliar eerls, inteistittat itorosis, miid interstltlel mononuelearinflltrate, occasi.onal.hyalin tubular casisr-nv"fin droplets ln some tubular eplthellum, mineral deposits-withln luUuta" epilheiium and tubular lunen, dllated Bowmanrsspaee, and mlid-capsurar fiorosiJ oi-giore"uri. spJciar-st"rns did not reveal a causailve organism. €f;"Euffii":loo 5eo.lt3!"Hh#ffii#t* histologic leslons-. lgPtgspira navb Seen ts6iateJ iiom gri""" not been associated with lnterstitiar nefniilfs. 33X'"::::iSiE! ,r.n plgs but atso have CrN has been reported to be a common cause_of death in pet gulnea plgs but J'aboratory animals are. rarely allowed io ii""-rong t["i reslons can be seen' The animals in this cblony are kept until death "norgn 6n"e [n"y are TB-sensltlzed, and this change has been seen in'several' pigi. The cllnlcal-path-ehanges of moderately elevated BUNand low totat protelns ls conslstent wlth CINalthoughanorexiaproUiUiy-also contributedto the lower Tp. Themlldlv elevatedserumk+ would# ffi;ial6nt with a A;;;;sed abllity of proxlmaltubular cells to excretelt. AT! Dl?gno?1i.... I'bphritis, fibrosing, interstltlal, dtffuse, __moderate'rlth tubular dilatation andcystic dilatatlon'oichronic, eo*ranrs spaces,kldney, Hartleygulneaplg, rodent. Conference l{o!%. Conference attendeesnotedmultipJ.e o f @ i " o t " a ' I i ' e o f s u r f a c e p 1 t t 1 n g . A 1 s o n o t e d w a ssubcapsurar t h e s 1 z e olndentatlons f ' the kldneylhtch.was to two [rmei-inat-of a norr"i-guinea-pig-ioi .enlarged-up unknown The ldentlty-of lhe-globufarr-amorphous, ?9e). eosfnopnfLicmaterlel ln the medullary.andcortical-tntersti[rum wai'oiicussed; most did not thtnk thls resenbredamylold. Thls materlal. ls srightii-positirJ attendees pASpmeedure, . and stalns-poorly wlth.congo.red but.shows;"6pr"'gieen';-biriiiingence "iin ffi;-polarized Basedon-these.flndingi-tG-fopaitment of cnlmr6if-palnof6gy llgnt: 9?$o! posltlvel.y.tdentlfy it but statei tnat amyroidcannot-L'erured out. Attendeesagreed that grebt care must oe uiea in'rntJrprrlrnn-;.pple greenn blrefrlngenee- 0ther than occaslonalirnoings-or giomeiuiar"atropny, glorneruri werethought to be essentially normal. nq Pathologystates that similar lesions ane seenLn manand 9gpqttment.of-Urogenital that the. etloJ'ogy-ln these cases-is llkewlse unknown.-Tfreythlni-tnal tfe globular eoslnophllic miterlal is pathologicai'anothat these deposrts in the -4- They also nedulla probably cause tubular dilatation and cystic Bowman'sspaces. manyof tfe present in gylqPlasm see, ln hunan kldneys, tE Urighlly-eoiinopnifit ano oSfigt"[i-it-fioniocvioidh cha19e: Th" eoslnophllla ls tubular epltheriai-liirs granuiEt (probably mitochondria) as opposedto tlrc d;-6-tinirv-eosinopniiilarger globules seen wlth hyallne droplet changegne study of age-related renal lesions ln the_guinea.Fl9.founO the presenceof in gtomeruli (Stebliy,-Rudofity' 1971), whlle ln deposlts of IgG ant-eompfement 'Grollman, was dueto vascularchanges rFzo), nephroscrerosis seen those to "nbinEi-.iuoi-(riteta, in tni tattei stiroyare said to be similar seen. Also,'cnaneJs-ieen are not evidentin this ease. Vascular-leslons ln rnn. Offtce of BioJ.ogics, Food & Drug Administratlon, 8800 Rockvllle Plke, Bethesda, l{aryland n205- Contrlbutor. fuqqested readlnq. ffiRudofsky,U.:Spontaneousrena11esions?4g}9qqru}T pigs. J. Immunol.107: 1192-1196'1971. in gulnea o'f'fgC ani compLement Oepostii -spontaneously ' occurring renal dlseaseln the Taketa, TI, and Groil.man,A.: plg. Afi. J. Pathol. 50: 103-117rI97O. gulnea Waghei,J. E.: I'llscellaneousdiseaseconditlons of guineaplgs.. $-TE Blologi of'the GuineaPlg. J.S. l{agnerand P.J. Mannlng,Eds., Chapt. 15r Academic Press,1976,p.23O. from a 2-year-old female B5C3F1mouse study for two years. toxtcity on a chronlc oral were Gross PathoLoov. An oval mass, L5 x 15 x 5 mmrwas located ln the subcutaneous tissuE of the rlght lateral abdomlnal reglon. The masswas flrm and mottled redt dark red, and tan- . cell Carcinomawith souamous d1 ), marmarygland, BgCff mouser rodentla. gfano, B5C3F1 rnouserroclEl-lEra. E.6vtrI fiK]user rodentla. lvlaltgnant lymphoma,mlxed cell type, mat|lnary gland, EYFer mafinary Becauseof llmited tlssue, the sectlons were preparedfrom two blocks from the sametumor. The tumor ls nodular, non-encapsulated,and charactertzed by the presenceof neoplastlc eplthelial cells arrangedin aclnar, ductile, paplllary, or comedo-Ilke structures and sheets. The neoplastie epithelial tissue ls separatedby a rather sparse connective tlssue stromawhich contains irregularly arrangedpopulatlons of rnoplastlc lymphocytesof mixed cell type. The neoplastic epithellal cells appear gland eplthellal eells. In manyareas, the neopJ,astleeptthellal to be mamnary qells haveundergone metaplasla sguamous andare fomlngnestsor cystlc spac€s dlstended vlth keratln. Mlneralization is also seen ln somesectlons. Mttotlc flgures are promlnent especially ln neoplastic epithelium that has not undergone squamousnetaplasla. l'*ecrotlc cells are scattered throughout the mass. Adenoacanthomas are often invasive and/or oecasionally metastasize to the J.ung. l.&tastases were not found tn this animal. fvlallgnant lymphomawas found in spleen, lymph nodes, and marnnarygland fron this anlmal.. The lymphomawas ealled a mixed-ceIl type. In somesectlons, tl're lyqphomamay be dlffieult to subclassify or differentiate from lymphocyticinflltrates or lymphoid hyperplasia. AFIP Diaonosis. Adenoacanthoma, gland, B5C3F1,mouse,rodent. mammary Conference NotP. Manyconference attendees were of the opinion that this tumor most@soniofbasa1ceiio"igin,particuIar1y,anadnexomaApocrlne and occaslonally sebaeeousdifferen[iatibn, iOor[iv6 haii fofiicfes lired b.y cells.with prominent trlehohyaline granules, and cell polarlty ieaiuris discussed- lvlostsections eontain at l6ast a few acini of'normal'marnrary-gfanO "ere .t the perlphery-of the tumor. Attendees also discussed the possibility tna[-[nese tumors arlse from basal cells wlthin the mammary gIand. prominent virfaOfy-ltzeO aggregates of lymphocytesin the eonnective tisiud of this tumor proOiOfi-' -eornesptrld to populatlons of neoplastie lymphocytesnoted by-the contrlbutor in varlous other organs. a diagnosis'of iymphoma coriO not be made based on -However, the morphology of the lymphocyies in [hese tissub sections. Other mammary neopJ.asms of the mousewere discussed, to inelude adenocarclnoma types A, B, and c. The former two a"J with lhe-eittner agent (mammary tumorvlrus, MTv)'whlle the latter is uiuiiry "sioeiated not- noenoacanthomas llkewlse are not generallyassoclatedwith the eittnei-ageit. The eonference moderator stressed the importanee of being famillar wtth the varlousstralns of mlce,eachusuiiii nauing-partrcurar pathologiealentltles associatedwlth it. Th6B5c5F1 nas-iruJrv io['rn.iJJnce-oi ilftr.ry neoprasms. .tsouJ.evarcl, ^ . . , W D e pl{adlson, a r t m e nl{lsconsLn t o f - P a t h o 1 o g y , H a z l e.t-o n L a b o r a t o r i e s , 3 3 0 ] ' K 1 n s m a n 5j7A4. 9uooesled_readlno. uunnt T' E-:- lbrpholqgy or mammary tumorsin miee- rn physlopathologyof caneer. 'romburger, F,.'.-gollnapgi ' r**. Frith, c' H:, anawtrJv;;-D: t Gro6o""i;-N";"vlji[l-r9#,-oi. classiri6atlon andcorretatton Y.;i6iogicar of lncldence of frvoerplsstic ano_rygRraslic-nEmatopoletlc leslons in mlce wlth age. J. Gerontol. J6: 514-045,fgil. squartlnt, F: ! Tumorsor fne mamnary. grand. rn pathorogyof Tumorsin LaboratoryAnl.mals. yol. rr, iumorsor tnE-r,rouse, edltgd by-V.s. Tunrsov, rnternatlonat Apncy for Rei6arch-onc"nJ"lr"16zg, p. 43. DAVID L_ FRITZ,v.M.D. Captaln, VC, USA Reglstry of Veterinary patholoov Departmentof Veterlniry patnoiirgy -6- Results slide Conference- No' 7 AFIPV'lednesday 24 October1984 Moderator: John D- Strandberg' DVM'PhD Conference DioomateACVP Associate Professor CornparativeMedicine & Pathology Johns HopkinsUniversity School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 2L2A5 AFIP 1945 An E-year-oro ack and tan bitch was plesented with a 5-month HislorJ-chronic weight loss and anemiaand ascites history of recurrent Gross Pattplogy. At necropsy there was a liter of ascites fluid in the abdomen anoffidista1smai1intestineandproxima1co1on.Therewas moderateveriucous endocardiosis of the right and left AV valvesLaboratory Resul.ts- The animal was hypoproteinemicand anemic (normocytic hypocFiomld-wlfnormal liver enzymesand BUN. Contrlbutor's Dlaqnoses& Conrment-I) F€patitis' perieholangealt s u o a i s , m i I d , p i g m e n t , m i n e r a 1 1 z e d t r e m a t o d e ova, Heterobilhaizia. americana- D Enteritis, miJ.d, subacute/chronicr noni , mild, trematode ova, [eterobilharzla am-qrlcPlaOva of t-€terobilharzia ameiicana were found in the-lamina propria and submueosa o f a 1 I p o r t e ' c e c u m a n d c o } o n . T h e r e w a s 1 l t t 1 e h e p a t i c parenchymalcompromiseand it was concluded that the hypoproteinemia,-aseites' and bnemiawere the product of a protein-losing enteropathy and endoparasitism. The host inflanrnatory reponse to the ova was minimal in all organs involved; although in areas of the imall intestine where ova vrere numerousthe submueosawas thickened by mature connective tissue. Adult fLukes were not observedAFIP Diaonoses. 1) Trematodeeggs, predominantly portal, multifocal' lith a s s o @r a n u ].o ma to u si n f1 a l l rma tionandm oder atef1ukepi$Ent,1iver , black and tan hound, canine. 2) Trematodeeggs, multifocal, with associated minimal granulomatousinflarrnation, mucosaand submucosa,intestine; etiology--compatible with l-bterobilhqrzia americana Conferencelrlote- The microslide sections vary in the viabil-ity of eggs present intffiarunatoryresponsetoparasiteeggsa1sovariessomewhat,being totally absent ln somesections, to a minimal granulomatous response in others. The laek of response lndicates either an underlying inrmunologicproblem ln this partieular animal, or that leleqqb_lhaqzfaaCIer:lgglA is a well-adaptedparasite of t n e o o g . t e e Q g Z z ) n a s s n , h a m s t e r , a n d m o u s e a r e i d e a hosts for this parasite, whereasthe cat, guinea pig, and rabbit are unfavorable hosts. In the latter three, infective cereariae develop to adults, but eggs produced dre not usually viable- The raccoon is considered the princlple natural marnralianhost; natural infections have also been described in the dog, nutria' rabbit, and range from tFe opossLtn,white-tailed deer, bobeat, and svramp southeastern U.S. to central Texas- Sehistosomatirrndoutlri-lli, the only other mammalian schistosomeendemicin the U-S-, infects the mouseand is enzootic in Michigan, Minnesota, and Vrlisconsin. It is the schistosomeegg'which causesdisease Adult by evoking a granulomatousinflammatory tesponse in the bowel and liver. schistosomesappear to protect t.hemselvesfrom immunologicattack by incorporating host moleeulesinto their integumentas they mature. Contributor. Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station, Texas 77843. Sugqestedreadinq. Bartsch, R- C- and ftlard, B. C-: Viseeral lesions in raccoonsnaturally infected with Heterobilharziq,americana. Vet. Path. 1l: 24I-249, 1976Goff,[email protected] of Heterobilhagia amerieanain east central Texas. Am- J- Vet- Res. 422 t77>1777, l98lPietee, K. R.: Heterobilharzia americanainfection in a dog. J- Am. Vet. Med. Assoc- I43z 496-499,ffi Thrasher, J- P.: canine schistosomiasis. J. Am. Vet. Med- Assoc. 144: 1119-1125,1964. Leer H- F.: Susceptibility of mammalian hosts to experimentalinfection with Heterobilharzia americana. J. Parasitol- 482 74a-745, 1962. V{arren,K. S.: The pathology, pathobiology and pathogenesisof schistosomiasis. Nature 273: 6A9-612, 1978. CaseII - (84-541) are incl young parrot Arrican n r presented r g t r e a t I Grey u r s y p c l r l L r L I E > E t t L t r u for was wcr> p I u t ' necropsy following a Jvvr : 3-4 oay nical course consisting of lethargyr anorexia and diarrhea- The bird had been shlpped from a Florida distributor one week orior to its death, at which time the bird was normal. AFIP 1947996) TEM n GrossPathol.oqyr. _Signrificantgross lesions wereconfined to the liver, which was@led-tan ano reo. . LaboratorvRg?ul!F. l$on bacterial culture, E. coli wasobtained from the lung ---F----. and intestine while there was no growth from the Tiver. Splenic impression smears were negative for Chlamvd*asp- utilizing fluorescent antibody methods. Virus isoLation attempts were r.rnsuecessful- Liver,necrosisnmu1tifocaI,seVele,acUte, O.rg The liver is characterized by numerous foci of hepatocelLular necrosis which are becomingconfluent in several areas- Remaininghepatoeytes are regenerative with moderatenuclear pleomorphismand a few binucleatb celis. An occisional portal triad contains a mild to moderatelymphocytic infiltrate. Seattered hepatocellular vacuolar changeis evident- Ultrastructural examination of thin sections of liver revealed manyhepatocytes eontaining intracytoplasmic viral aggregates. Viral particles were round and eomposedof a moderately dense external ring around an electron dense cole- SoflE gmPtycapsid particles were present. Negative staining of proeessedfresh Jiver clemonstrated70 nanometerdiameter viral particles as well. Morphologyof the virus in negative staining preparations and by transmission electron ilicroscopy was consistent with a reo-like virus which has been deseribed in oarrots- AFIp D!aq!1qslg- Necrosis, multifocal to coalescing, severe, liver, .---+ gray parrol, avl.an- African Conferencenote. Aside from the numerousfoci of neerosis present in all micrffiros].idesectionsa1socontainedoccasiona1fociofeaseous necrosis surrounded by heterophils and a few multinucleated giant cells- Special stains failed to demonstratecausative organismsin the granulomas,and these aleas v{eteconsidered due to an intercurrent disease, possibl-ycolibacillosiscauses of viral necrotizing hepatitls in birds. Attendees discussed the common Although the electronphotomicrographsdo not indicate the size of the virus particles, they do demonstrateparticles with somecubic symmetry,a &nse central core, and no evidence of an envelope. In negatively stained micrographs of the virus, capsometescannot be distlnguished. This is not the case for herpes and adenovitusesA recent study of 01d t'lorld psittacine birds imported into Belgium revealed a widespreadprevalence of orthoreoviruses- The primary lesions noted were hepatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia,resulting in up to 100%mortality of some shipments of imported birds (Meulemans et,a1., 1983). ContributorStat"idi'filffiffile, C. E- Kord Animal Disease Laboratory, P.0. Box 40627rl'4elrose Tennessee 37204. SJqoestedReadinoAshton, ht.L.G. et al-: Suspectedreovirus - associated hepatitis in parrots. Vet. Rec- L!42476, 1984Mandell.i, G. et al.: Experirrental reovirus hepatitis in newbornchicks. Vet. Path. I5z 57I-543, 1978. lbulemans, G. et al.: Isolation of orthoreoviruses from psittacine birds. J. Comp.Path. 93t L27-I34, 1983. Val.der, u{- A-; Cauhl, C-i Luthgen, frf. et a1-: Viral Liver disease in parrots. I- Clinical, pathological, epidemlologieal observations and transmission experirents. Praktische. Tierarzt. 6!z IZ7-I29, 1980. I{inston, J. R. et a1-: Isolatlon of a new reovirus from chumsalmon in Japan. Fish Path. 15: 155-162, 1981. (AFIP 1 III - Univ of -yeat hound was D withafirm6cmx4cmmass within-the subcutis of the left inguinal regional, and a history of weight loss, intermittent lameness, and pyrexia (104.9o) for two months. Signs were-transiently responsive to antibiotic therapy- Popliteal lymph nodes were enl.argedand the animal was icteric. Biopsy of the inguinal mass revealed ehronic-actire cellulttisThe animaL was hospitalized, no improvementswere noted, and the dog was euthanatized. Gross Fbtholgqv-_ The animal was emaciatedand icteric. Popliteal lynph nodes wer@arge6emx2cmmasSwaspresentwithinthesubcutisofthe left inguinal area. Internal lymph nodes and spleen were enlarged and firm. The ]iver was approxlmately three times normal size, mottled tan/br5wn, friable, and had an aecenuatedlobular pattern- (Gross photo). Laboratorv Resu1ts. 24% Hematoerit ll{Bc Segs Lymp bno Total Bilirubin Direct Bilirubin SAP fs Coomb 44,!OO/nn7 4I,895/nns I,323/nn2 882/nns 1.4 .7 I44A Lu/ N e g( r g G ,r g M ,c ) 1) Severe, diffuse hepatic amyloidosis. & C_o-mmeo!. gyjllTrtype Iv. s - Mvcgbacterium 2) 3) Severe, diffuse granulomatoussplenitis - Mvcobacteriumavian type IVThe1ivercontained1argeamo@fibri11armateria](amy1oid) within the sinusoids. There was markedatrophy of the hepatic plates- Seattered periportal and centriLobular aecumulationsof lymphocytes, macrophages and oecasional neutrophils were evident. Mild biliary duetal hyperplasia was present. The spleen contained infiltration of the parenchymaby macrophages,epithelioid eells, and oecasional muJtinucleate giant cells. Foci of neutrophils and cellular debris were scattered throughout the seetions. Perivascu.Laraccumulationsof amyloid were evidentAdditional findings in this anlmal ineluded perivaseular amyloid accumulation withln the lamina proprla of the small intestine and mild glomerular amyloid deposition- A granulomatousreaction was present within the popliteal and visceraJ lymph nodes and within the subcutaneousmass. In Congored stained sections of the liver, spleen, and small intestlner the sinusoidaL and perivascular eosinophilic fibrillar material was orange and had ligftt green birefringence when viewed with polarized light, consistent witn amyloid. In Ziehl-Neelsen stained sections of spleen, llver, popliteal and internal lymph nodes and the inguinal mass, variable nr-nnbers of long, slender acid-fast organisms wete present within macrophages and epithelioid-cellsGrowth of Mvgo,b.acteriyp aylqm type tv was obtained from-lymphnode cultures using the Ftsmold/egg yolk slant methodby the Mycobacteriumand Brucella section oi tne National Veterinary Service Labbratory, Ames, Iowa. AFIP Diaonosis- Amyloidosis, diffuse, moderateto severe, with mild subacute perivasculitis, Iiver, basset hound, canine. Conferenceltcte. A Congored stain of the liver demonstratesvery faint orange coloration of the sinusoidalfibrillar material. TheDepartnpnt of Histochemistr! states-that despitethe weakstaining of this material, it displaysa green birefringenceunderpolarizedlight andis consistentwith amyloid- l-bst attendees thought this material was subendothelial in location. A Zieni-Neelsen demonstrates acid fast bacteria (AFB) within a few phagocytic cells in one portal area. The Ziehl-Neelsen stains of the spleen demonstrate numerousAFBthroughout- An H&Eof the spleen reveals oecasional foci of caseousnecrosis and a singlS granulona- This granulomawas found to eontain nurnerousAFB- Additionilly, there are numerousneutrophils throughout the spleen_ A differential and also diagnosis to include other speeies of Uy,cob?cterium Nocardia,wasoiicrlriE_!v-itt"n;?;;:--.Ngs.fdla has a more-FeEii6d'-an-lfilamentous a p p e a r a n c e t h a n - o t n . ' = n r B ; L @ . n d @ 1 ? 1 ! h 9 y g h m o r e c o mAFB m oinn ithis n the dog than u- avium, are not F numerouswf'tffi:n phcase- ytes as-the ayiurJr,even experimentally'.there Despite resistance of dogs to infection by t'4--T[Ts suspected that infection infectibnf naturat oi receni-"epoits are severar usually oecurs as a xesult of a defect in cell-mediated immunity, and that organlims often enter through the gastrointestinal- tractContqi_Lu_t_qLUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary lvledicine' 3800 ladelphia' Pennsylvania I9104Sprueeffif,-Firi fuooested readino. ffi,A-iKoff,R.s-eta1-lHepaticamy1oidosis-a histopathoiogf6 analysi! of'primary (AL) and secondary (AA) forms- Am. J- Path. 1 1 5 ( 2 ) : 1 8 6 -1 9 3 ' 1 9 8 4 . Beunont,P.R-;JezykrP.F-,andHaskins,M.E-:MVcobacteriumavlum infection ln a dog. J. Srn.Anim. Pract. 22t 9I-97' 1981" Fe1dnan,}{. H:: The pathogenicity for dogs of bacllli of avian tuberculosisJ. Ao. Vet. |€d. Assoc- 75: ,99-419, I93O. avium selotype Infection of a dog with Mvcobacterium Friend, S-C.E- et al.: Path. 1979. L5: tAI-384, II. Vet. Glenner, G. a.: Amyloii Oeposits and amyloidosis. l'tewEng- J. Med- ,O2Q3)l I28>I292; tO2(24) t L333-L343, 1980. Jakob, Vt.t SpontaneousamyJ-oidosisof mammals. Vet. Path. 8t 292-3(X, I97IKisilevsky, R.: Amyloidosis: A familiar problemln light of cunent pathogenetic developments. Lab- Invest. 49: tBI-787, 198r' witsn, K- M. and Losco, P- E.: Caninemyeobacteriosis:A ease report. J. Am- Anim. l-bsp- Assoc. 2Oz29*299, 1984. mycobaeteriaand associateddiseases. Am.Rev. Wolinsky,E.: Nontuberculous Resp-Dis. 119: 107-159,1979. Ar t'ale cat was presented with ataxia, anorexiar and a ch had an acute onset about 10 days prior to admission- Physlcal examinatlon revealed bilateral multifocal, white, raised fundic lesions in both the tapetal and nontapetal regions. There was no nystagmus and the cat had normal reflexes and muscle strength. Gross 10 days with no signrs of cl-inical improvementthe cat was euthanatizedsmall (2-5 mm)white nodules scattered throughout the mesentery. Tfe only gross lesions at necropsy were multifocal, LaboratorvResultsSerumantibody titers included: FIP 1;1000 Toxoplasma no titer Blastomyees no titer Histoplasma no titer Cryptococcus no titer The cat wasnegative for feline leukemiavirus, and had a normall{BC- Culture of the left eye producedpure colonies of Qandi_{e .alb-icans. q o - O E n c e p h a l i t i s , s u b a c u t e , m u l t i f o c a l ' moOe r'rorpno1ogicauy,@theeerebrUmwere4-8umb1astosporeswith (rare in these irregular, nlrrow-bised budding and oecasional pseudohyphae sectlons)- fn addition to the-cerebral lesions, there vlasa multifocal Similar organismswere pyogranulomatous retinitis, nephritis and peritonitis. found in aLl of these tissues. AFIP Diaqnosis. Polioencephalitis, perivascular,.granulomatous,multifocal, mi1ffiiona1funga1yeasts,cerebrum,brain,domesticshorthalr' feline. Note. Conferenceattendees noted a predominantly perivascular The differential diagnosis includes t-fiis infection. histoplasmosj.s, mlcrosporidiosis, and toxoplasmosis. The size variation and refraetile walI of organismsin this case help to rule out Histopl.asma. 0rganism s5.ze,staining ( H & E ) i n d 1 o c a t i o n a r e n o t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o @ , - n o t i s the morphologycompatible with Toxoplasma. Several attendeeEGdi3iffii' sporotriehosis which is rarely ffifia-ted and usually stimulates a more pronouncedhost response- Additionally, there was possibly somefibrosis and l mineralization of the meninges,probably unrelated to the disease process. Disseminatedcandidiasis is rare and often associated with prolonged immunosuppression, antibiotic therapy, diabetus mellitus, and/or intravenous catheterizatlon. Circulating neutrophils are thought to be a major defense agalnst candidiasis; dissemination, therefore, i.s seen in neutropenic humansand dogs with experimentally-induced neutropenia. 0nce bloodborne, organismsare filtered by lungs, Iiver, and kidneys, and also by the microcirculation of peripheral tissues such as muscle and skin. Embolic colonization results at these sites. Lipton et al. (1984) have found Candidato be the most prevalent cause of human cerebral mycosis. A clue to eentraFE;f-ous-system candidal infections is a strikingly high percentage of patients who also have myocardial or valvular endocardial infections. Parenchymalpresentations have included thrombosis, vaseulitis, abscess, hernorrhage,demyelination, and two previously unrecognized lesions: fungus balls in both the white and gray matter, and mycotic aneuilsms. Contrlbutor. Departmentof Pathology and Parasitology, Auburn University ScndTldFrGEffinary Mediclne, Auburn, Aiaaama^ Suqoestedreadino. _ Lipton, S. A- et a1.: Candidal infeetion in the central nervous system- Am. J. l€d- 75: 101-108, 1984. fvlcCausland,I- P- : Systemic mycosesof two cats- NewZealand Vet. J. 20: 10-12, 1972. l'{cCaw'D. et al.:__Pyothorax causedby CandidaaLbieansin a cat. J. Am. Vet. fvted.Assoc- 185: 3II-1IZ, 1984. _ Soltys' M. A., and Sumner-Smith,G.: Systemicmycosesin dogs and cats. Canad-Vet. J- 12: 191-199, I97I. . Stone' H- H.; Kolbl L" D. I Currie, C. A- et a1.: Candida-sjpsrs.: pathogenesis and principles of treatment- Ann. surg. r79z 697-7rl,W DAVIDL. FRITZ Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Departmentof Veterinary Pathology F, Results Slide Conference- No' 8 AFIP V,lednesday 31 October 1984 ConferenceModeratol: Ronald W. Trotter, MA J,V C , USA Diplomate' ACVP Departmentof Veterinary Pathology ArmedForces Institute of Pathology l{ashington, DC 2OtO6 t606-3 (AFrP 384). ffi-t,lanx cat presented with abdominal distension of Gross Pathologv. [email protected] discover6d at the hilus of the liver in the area of the bile duct lnvolvlng severaL At necropsy temnants of a neoplastic mass were found at aOjacent lobes of liver. tnE ligated stgmp of the bile duct'ahd involving several centlmeters of adJaeent No neoplasia was found in any other olgans. liver. LaboratorL ReSl$F. The abdominal fluid was classified tranEUdate on cytologic examination- as a modified Contributorts Diggnosis & Commgnt. Carcinosarcomaof the bile duct. mixture of elllptlgal_cells ln bundles cells stain positive intersptrsed'with ?6ca1 areab of small ducts. The elliptical for smooth muscle with Van Gieson and a few of the small ducts stain with the Thus there is both leiomyosalcomaand bile duct Luna-Ishak method for bile. carcinosarcoma. diagnosis making the carcinoma The origin of this neoplasmis believed to be within the cystie ol cqilnon bile duct. The iection submitted showsa muscular wall of a tubular strueture along one edge, and somesections have an epithelial lining covering this mr.lscularlayerOtiei sectlons (not submitted) show the neoplasmwithin the muscular wall of the ga11b1adder. and epithelial componentsare reported most Mixed tumors of both mesenchymal glands, and are usually benign. Malignant mixed and salivary commonlyin mammary tr.rnors also occur but only one componentis usually malignant, most often the epithelial tissue. stumpof bile duct (per contributor)1ltanx, AFIPDiaqnosis. Leiomyosarcoma, feIi.ne. Conference f,lot,e,. The presence of large nerve trunks and thrornbosedor neerotic arte@themassandwell-differentiatedsmoothmusc]einone peripheral area of the mass is consistent with the with the necropsy observations that the mass involved the ligated stump of the bile duct. The attendees noted elongated spindle cells arranged in prominent bundles' and most were of the opinion that this neoplasmwas a ]eiomyosarcoma. The Department o f So f t T i s su e P a th o l o g y, A F IP , also thought this neoplasmwas m ost Iikely to be a leiomyosarcoma. The ductular structures in microslides examinedby conference attendees were interpreted by most attendees as pre-existing; howevei, someattendees considered a diagnosis of carcinosarcomadue to the wide ipacing of the glandular elements and occasional bizarre-looking epithelial cells. The departmeniof Hepatic pathology, AFIP' also considered the glandular structures to be benign ol reactive. Leiomyosarcomas are more common in cats than othet species; cholangiocellular carcinomasalso oceur in the cat, but careinosarcomasinvolvin! tnese [wo neoptasms have not been reported in this species, and are rarely reportei in man. Brief reviews of eurrent concepts on the,histiogenesis of eircinosarcomas - may -r be read in recent papers by Huszar et al. (1994) and-by Born et al. (tgg4). contributortvirgT;EGF,-6-Ia Division of Pathobiology, College of veterinary Medicine, ctsOuig, virgini a Z4A5I. Suooestedreadino. Elorn' M' lv.i Ramey,I{. G.I Ryan, S. F. et a1.: Carcinosarcoma and carcinomaof the gallbladder. Cancer Sjt ZI77-2I77, I9g4: Huszarr M.i HeIgzPg, E. i Liebermani Y. et aJ.: Distinctive immunofluorescent labeling of epithelial-and mesenchymal elements of carcinoia"c*. with antibodies specific for different intermediat6 filaments. Hr.rm.path. 15: 5tz-5tg, 1994. lvbulton, J- E. (Ed.): Tumorsin DomesticRnimats. znd--d., uniuiisiiv ot California Press, Berkeley, 1979. AF sue an the a :.:n:::i::_:::i:i:_and where the cat was euthanatized. th-old spayed female, 1ilac point Himalayancat chorioretinitis. rne'eouri.b.t""i";;;'il i.i"t GrossPathol99y- Bilateral. corneal protrusion with central (2-3mm) erosions. t-ive@*i.h;;ttered,ualeiv-ui.int",.grey-whitefo ci.Leftkidney has a group of 2-lnrm,raised nodules'along-tneanterolateral midline. .the .^W AntibodytitertoInfectiousFe1inePeritonitisvirusat time of adnissiorrwas Z l:gbOOO. t. Hydrocephalus.E pendymitis, tis, granulomatous,chronic. Leptomeningoencepha li ti s, granulomatous,chronic. Vasculitis. Interstitial brain edema. Etiologic Diagnosis: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus. FIp (CNS Lateral ventricles are bilaterally dilated. A moderateto marked forrn). inflanrmatory cell infiltrate.invoLves the ependymai lining of the ventricles and extendsinto the adjacent white matter and neuropil. llos[ or these c"tti-."" rymphocytes and plasmacells with lesser nr.rnbers of rac"opnigesand neutrophils. Cells are frequentlv located perivascularly but do hoi"ippe"r to be directly affecting vessels except small veins which are necrotic and have eosinophilic materiaL exuding from them indicative of protein loss. The ependymal1ining is distorted becauseof the inflarrmatory proeess. rn severar areii,-"pJnovral cells are absent' The brain parencnymaadjacent to ine-ventriel6s-is pire anO vacuolated. - 2 - gemistPcylie gIiOSiS and In more severely affected areas, there is a-marked in tne most affected areas' is numetousaxonal spheroids. Cavitationpeiirbi-,tiicri"r "pptoacntd area is_ considerably less io-ine peripherar The cerebral. cortex be identified in the affected. A mild inflammatory "tff infiltrate can leptomeninges. granulomatous'diffuse' AFIP Diaonoses. 1) Periventriculitis and ependymitis' sutepeng'Ftperivasculitis' -i) severe,witn maffia,tivoiol"il;i;;,-;nJ-oirtu.e f-eptomeningitis, granu]gmatous,. cetebtum, lilac point Himalayanl-i"ii"". witn feline colonavirus multifocal, minimar to mild' ttitoi'm'-etioiogyl-"otp"tiute (FIP). in the tissue sections ConferenceNote. Conferenceattendees noted a variation more neutrophils than eontains ;;;i;;niiicuritis submitted; in #e:se"iio"I,'il; of the inflarrnation The others and was therefore diagnosed aS pyoglanulomatous' in while meningesis llmited to the ueni""i ctr'el,rif surface in manysectlons, otheri it extends deep into the ventral longitudinal fissure' rn The possibLe eauses of the hydrocephalus seen in this case v{ele dlscussed' aqueduct man, hydrocephalusis a frequent'sequeta to.sclerosis of the cerebral as to a ioiio-i"g-iniection by reo- ano-roid.ckie viruses. Attendeesspeculated to slmilar effect by feline .oron.uirur. rn still other infections, obstruction vessels' and meninges the flow of csF'is carrio by fibrosis of the subarachnoid leading to reducedabsorption of CSF. pedersen(1gg4) and August (1gg4) have recently written.r-rp-to-datesunnarlesof the feline coronavirus disease. Thesepapersare wortiry of-review. In the catr and blood.monocytes, FIp coronavirui-nas a tropism for tissue macrophages, pr6ouieo i1_lhe various forms of the antibody The-serurm cel.ls. retlcul.oenclothelial disease is not-neuiralizing bui opsonizesthe- virions facllitating theirpnigoeytosls by targJt cefis within which viral replication then takes place' In ion6 animals, ine ficX of cell-mediated immunitywith tFreplesenceof high serum disorders and abundanteffuslons .ntiOoOVlevils results in immune-conplex disease. In those animals wlth a form this of effusive the of cnaractiristic ate "walled-offrr by pailiar cetr-meoiated immunity, ine virus-infected macrophages i-granulomatousinflamnratoryiesponsein target olgans, resuJting.ln the-- noneffusive form of the dlseaie.' Those animils which develop a stong cel}-mediated inmunity are able to suppress the infection; however, virus-infected macrophages can periist, and the latent infection may be reactivated by stress or (FeLV, glucocorticoids, etc. ). inmr-rnosuppression Contributor. School of Veterinary lu{edieine,North Carolina State Llniversity' Raleigfr, North Carolina 27606. Suooestedreadinq. ffiineinfectiousperitonitis:Aninrnune-rediatedcoronavira} rn The vitirj.nary clinics of North America, small Animal Practice, Vol vasculitis. 1 4'( 5 ) , S a u n d e rs,1 9 8 4 , P . 7 9 " xium, S.1 Johnson, k., and l{ilson, J.: Hydrocephalusassociated with the J. Am. Vet. l'bd. Assoc' 157(8): noneffusive iorm of F;li# Infectious Peritonitis746-758, L975. pedersen, N. C. : Feline coronovaris infections. Il)JClinical .Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Chapt. 29, C.T. Green, (Ed.), Saunders, 1984,p. 514. Pratt, P. W.: Feline MediCine. Ist Ed., Am.Vet. Publ., Inc., 1983,lI6-L23' - 3 - CaseIII - 8a-1580(AFIP1?aa?99L reed bitch presentedwith 2-monthhistory o f . - . r ' _ r , an o r e x t a , p o ryo i p i i l , p h y s i c a l e x a m. p o l yu ri a a nd lethar gy. A per ir ectal masswas detected on Gross Patholoov. ffi1inica1Iywassurgica11yremoved.Itwasapparent1ywe11 de m a r c a t e d l,o b u l a te d , ta n , a n d ovoid ( 3x2x4 cm) . Laboratorv Results. ffi.7ng/dI24hourspriortosurgeryand10.5mg/d124hours post-surgery. of apocrine glands of anal Contributor's Diaonosls & Commpnt. Adenocarcinoma sac with tumor associated hypercalcemia. Sections markedly vary in the ratio of solid to glandular tissue. A poor prognosis was given because of the high rate of recurrence and metastasis expected with this neoplasm. AFIP Diaonosis. Adenocarcinoma, tubulosolid, apoerine, perirectal mi xe d contributor), b re e d , ca n i n e. (per Conference Note. A11 Conferenceattendees diaonosed aoocrine oland adenocarcinomabased on the histomorphology of the bimorphic tumor (solid and glandular patterns) and the history of hypercalcemia which resolved after tumor exclsion. A differential diagnosis of endocrine neoplasm, based upon tFre endocrine-like rrnestingl of the eellsr carr be ruled out because of the overall morphologyand polarity of the cells. Pseudohyperparathyroidism(PHP)of malignancy in the dog is most connonly associated with lymphosarcoma,but is also seen in adenocarcinomasof the apocrine glands of the anal sacs, mammary gland adenocarcinomas,and pancreatic carcinomas. The effectors of hypercalcemia are currently the subjects of intensive research. In man, osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) is a product of normal lynphocytes, and is knownto increase in multiple myelomaand lymphoma(potts, lg8r). Prostaglandlns, especiaLly of the E seriesr fidy be locally-actlve mediators of bone resorptlon and have been associated with PHPin neoplasmsof man, mice, and rabbits (l'leuten, et aL., 1981). The hypercalcemia in dogs with adenocarcinonra-ofthe apocrine glands of the anal sacs appears to be due to a factor distlnct from OAF, prostaglandins' PTH, and vitamin D, but is thought to alter vitamin-D metabolism by increasing the activity of l alpha-hydroxylase in the kidney (|'teuten, Capen, Kociba, Cooper, 1982). Bone changes due to PFF show no increases in osteoblasts or in osteoid seamsin contrast to changes produced by hyperparathyroidism. Direct tumor involvement of bone is not a feature of PHP. Contributor. ueoiEiifrdi$Etate Deoartmentof Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary university, Columbus,0hio 4t2!O. Suqqested readino. Hause, hl. R. I Stevenson, S. I Meuten, D. J. et al..: Pseudohyperparathyroidism associated with adenocarcinomasof anal sac origin in four dogs. J. A$. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 17: 37r-379, 1981. _ l t _ associated , . C ' e t al.: HyPercalcemia , . J . ; C a p e nC M e u t e nD , . J . ; C o o p e rB Vet' sac. anal the glands of with an adenocarcinoma derived from the apoerine Path. 18: 454-4I' 1981. in dO gSw i th l € u t e n , D . J.i S e g re , G. V .; Capen,C.. C. ^et a1.: Hyper CalCemia and Biochemical sacs: derived rrom apoltinE-gi.nds of the anal adenocarcinoma 1983' La5. Invest. 48: 428-47', niitotorpnometric-invJstigations. G. J. et a1.: Anim al m odelof hum an Kociba, C .; t € u t e n , D. i .; C a p e n ,-C . disease: nypercif6emib oi malignancy; hypercalcemiaassociatEd with an apocrine"gla;d; or'tne anal sacs- Am. J. Path' lo9t v66-37o, ;i-t$ adenocarcinoma 1982. Meuten, D. J.i Capen, C. C.; KOCiba,G. J. et a1.: Ultrastructural evaluation with of adenocarcinomasderives from'apocrine glands of the anal sac assoclated in dogs. Am- J. Path. 107: 167-175, 1982' hypercalcemia '--loiiOin, R. v{., and powers, B. E.: Bonechangesin hypercalcemiaof malignancy in dogs. J: Am. Vet. Med. Assoc- Ig3: 44L-444, l?83.p6tts, J. T. Jr.: Disorders of the parathyroid g1ands.,_.IhHartlsonrs -pe[eisboif, Adams5t al- (EG.), Chapt. tt9, 10th principles of Internal tledicine. Edition, McGrawHill' 1983, P- I9r4J. P. et aL.: R i j n b e r k' A .; E l si n g h o rst, A . M.1 Koeman, in elderly peiireetal adenocarcinomas with Pseudohyperparathyroidismassociated 1978. 1059-1075, 103: female dogs. TiJdschr. Diergeneeskcl. Case IV AFIP 1 i canine developedpolyurla/polydypsia on with a blood glucose level of 100 1983thls dog had 4+ glucosuria 2/8I. -1.5). At this time Fanconl-llke syndrome mg./dl. It was also hypothyroid (T4 = presented in renal failure; and was dog the 1983 In June was suspected. subsequentlydied. -TrErit Gross Patholoov. There was ulceration ln the oral cavity and gastric_ nemoffiysweres1ight1ysma11erthannorma1andhaduneven1y tni capsule s[ripied cleanly, but the cranial pole of the left narrowed cortices. kidney was distorted by a segrmentalcleft and a cone-shapeddepression, which was about .5xl cm. The tips of the renal papillae were pa1e. Laboratorv Resu1ts. ffion6/28/83were:SAP:43mu/m],creatinine5.7mg/c,}'BUN 138 mg/dl, serum phosphorus9.3 mgldl, serum Ca L2.9 mgldl, alblrmin 3.9 gn/dl, serum-chl.oride-91rneq/L, serum sodium IlO/neq/I, serum potassium 5.I/teq/I. chronic, Contributor's Diaqnosis & Comment. Nephropathy, tubulointerstitigl' d i f a } k a r y o m e 9 a I y a n d r e n a 1 p a p i 1 I a r y n e c r o s i s , acute, bilateral, consistent with Fanconi-Iike syndrome(renal tubular dysfunction defect) of Besenji dogs. Many fibrosis. Kidney - There is moderate to marked diffuse interstltial necrotic convoluted tubul.es contain either numeroushyaline droplets ot some epithelium; most convoluted tubules eontain attenuated epithelium which have huge hyperchromatic nuclei with large, eosinophilic nucleoli; someof these karyomegalic nuclei are up to l0 mierons in diameter. There are a few obsolescent glomerulit but most glomeruli appear fairly normaL. Manycollecting ducts in the medulla contain granular hyaline casts. The distal l/3 of the renal papilla is necrotic; at the junction with viable tissue, there is a zone of neutrophils. tr 1 ) F i b ro sS .s,inter stitial, cor tical, moder ate,kidne y , . ^ ^s^e4nl 4j i$, qcgaenin n. e . 2 ) T Ba u b u l a r d e gener ationand necr osis, dilfuse, m oder ater 'w i th mild multifocal subacute inters[it:.ai nJpniitis, and multifoca] tubular k a r y o m e g a ly,ki d n e y. v) N e cro sis,.co"gr iali;;,' oiffuse, i.ur r ", r enal pa pi l l a, kidney, etiology--consistent with' ischjmia. 9onfepnq?Note. In addition to the histomorphologicehangesincluded ln the not.J ; ffi;;;5;;;"F;L!''lr,!irJ'i;i:=in.inJ T:l:?+:?Tf5gi31"?i ..!!.!d,", diiiyirn-i,i,",,i;;";";;. yitf_ll r.ffi,;#i#:"iirlil il ::::i:i::ir.,?:li:: 'iil,'lnl"ll3Tri!?i 'aii""l".I"iil,ini i:::t:::"1"::l?^::,i:l:T!:-.19!ilii;iit-ir-;;'-;o;;'l-ii,Ii'"il'illo;';'iloi l3:;":?: ;::":i:ff*,:':::"pltt*":F!;, ff0ff'li.3"l,,,rt :?.:::+:"::: ::::::ll,::.* :irf;-.-,"""".-,,i,.tiJi"Y.'uiljlJ ffi;;:ilsi:#i;':.;13?il,'1,"f vfc imha'lanao^- ^ -^--:--!. electrolyte imbaiances, 6r-a comninationof these. Renal tubular dysfunction (RTD)has been reported in Basenjies and several other breeds of dog, and has beencompared to idiopathic Fanconi (De Toni-Debre-Fanconi)'syndrom. in r.n oii.tio"i by Heptinstari eg74). A stucty Breitschwerdt,ochoa,-andwJriman-rrg8il,-hJirur", by of RTDin the Basenji t.y oJ-ore at leasi in'part suggeststhat the pathogenesis to hypereortisorism. rn-addition to documented renat-tuouiai-transport defects ii".irolig'girlg:r, aminoacids, phosphate,sodium,potassium;-il-;;i.-I.iiil Basenjieswith RrDhavean antidiuretic hormone-resistanturinary concentrating defect indrcative of nephrogenlcdiabetes insipidus.. itypeiadrenoeortisoiiir i, thought to contribute to the urinarv-co?9e?trating-Jeiect a;;;;al-mecnaniqms, Any rerationshlp between these renal deflciencies-ano -gl'i"op'tnv, otn"r"i;poiiioiv-il.,herited oisorolrs of the Basenji eleetrn] SiT:itffi":tliilili:i-' Jno'rvmphocvtic-;1;;;;cvtic enterrtis ), has ,,.F:0,m**'T;lffintofVeterinaryPatobio1ogy,|JniversityofMinnesota, Sr/ocestqd leadinq. uoveet K' c' et al': characterizationof renal defects in dogswith a syndrome similar to Fanconi-syndromi in rrn. J. Am.Vet. Med.-A;;;. r74z to94-r099 Bovee,K' c' (Ed:): Geneticano r.t.o.ri. , rg79. diseases.-E canrne|€phrology. Chapt.16, Harvardpubl. co.l-fgao, p.-t|t:--Breitschwerdt, E' B' et aI-: -lfultiple endocrineabnormalities ln Basenji dogs with renal tubular oysrunc{lon. J. Am.'vet. Med.Assoc. lgt; rt4g-1i53, 1963. Easley, J' R' et al.: Glueosuriaarsoci.ted with renai-iuoular dysfunctionin three Basenji_9ogs. J. Am.vit. ueo. Assoc. iee, 9rg, 1976. Heptinstall'-R' H.: sundryconditions afieeting renar iubules. rn pathology of the kidney. 2nd Ed-, cnapl. 27, Liial;,-Brown & co., rg74, p. rOfr DAvr DL. FRITZ,v.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary pathology Departmentof Veteriniry pathoiogy - 6 - ResuIt.s AFIP Wednesday S l i d e C o n f e r e n c e- N o . 9 7 November1984 Conference Moderator: W l l l i a m C . H a l 1 , V M D ,P h D DiplomaLe, ACVP Microbiological Associates 5221 River Road Bethesda, MD 20816 Case I - 82-0011 (AFIP 1950246). J m o u s e . Mice were controls from a vaccine studyt were unvaccinatedand represent positive They virus. with Sendai c o n t r o l s . The test was to determinethe effectiveness of Sendaj.vaccine. They were killed L2 days following inoculation. Gross Patholoqv. witn@y-shaped Multiple areas of atelectasis l-l mmfoci. were observed and associated Contributor's Diagnosis & Comment. Bronchiolitis, proliferativer lith squamous m e t a s t i t i a 1 p n e u m o n i a , m u 1 t i f o c a 1 , w i t h s q u a m o U S metapIas5.a,moderate to severe. This r6sponse is characteristic of Sendai-infected mice of the L29/J strain. This strain is highly susceptible to lethality from infection with Sendai virus. Necrotizing changEs of airways typical of Sendai in more resistant mousestraj-ns Nude athymic occur earller in-resistant mbuse-strains comparedwith the I29/J. L29/Jof the these to lesions mice develop similar Bronchiolitis and peribronchial pneumonitis, proliferative, subacute, minimal to moderate, with squamousmetaplasia, lung, I29/J mouse, rodenLt etiology--compatible with Sendai virus. AFIP Diaonosis. + and ConferenceNote. The differential diagnosis discussedincl-udedMycoplasma pulmonis, of exuberant nodules caused by Mycoplasma neopffiions tyminoiotissueareprominentarouhdffio1es1suchnodu1esarenot infections is the terminal evident in this case. Another feaLure of Mycoplasma bronchiolar ectasia with abundantintralumfhETJre ophils, also not evident in this case. Manyattendees consideredneoplasia of the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells due to the markedproliferation of these cells. However,the mi.rltifocal peribronchiolar pattern of proliferation which extends out into alveoli is not typical of a primary lung neoplasm. The proliferative responseof bronchiolar and al-veolar epithelial cells is probably never seen in rats, and is also unusual in the mousewith the exception of the sevlral strains (to inciude Lhe I29/J) tnat are susceptible to Sendai virus ( P a r k e r , V ,/h i te ma n R,i ch te r, L g l S) ( Br own- Steinet aI., 1981) . In suscept i bl estrains, airway and alveolar epithelial proliferation occurs first, followed ]ater by n e c r o s i s . In n o n su sce p ti b l estr ains necr osis often occur s fir st, follow ed by re p a r a t i v e ep i th e l i a l p ro l i fe ra ti on. Necr osis of infected cells is thought to be due to a delayed immunologicalresponse(immunecomplexplus complement)rather t h a n t o a p r i ma ry e ffe ct o f th e vir us. N u m e r o usyn s cyti a l ce l l s a re also evident in affected aieas of the lung i n thi s c a s e . Pa r a myxo vi ru seco s n ta i n a fusion ( F) pr otein on the vir ion sur face that induces fusion of virion with plasmamembrane once attachmentis established by hemagglutj-nin. Susceptibility of host cel1s dependsupon their contenL of proteases which cleave F into two fragments. V/henadjacent host cells generate large amountsof F fragments, their plasmamembranes mayreduplicate and be induced t o f u s e , r e s u l ti n g i n syn cyti a l ceIls. In this way, it' is believed, the vir us c an spread from ceII to ceII without being exposedto host immunesurveillance (C h e v i l l e , 19 8 3 ). COntributor Minrnhinlnni^a1 A r r Jsr s u eor c q u' iua e tt p s , 5 2 2 L R i v e r R O a d , B e t h e S d a , t " f a r y l a n d zogrE::''-vivururvuius: Suqqested readino. B r o w n s t e i n ,. D . G . ; s m i t h , A . L . ; J o h n s o n , E . A . : S e n d a i v i r u s i n f e c t i o n i n genetically resistant and susceptible mice. Amer. J. path. 105: I56-I6j, 19gi. Respiratory tract lesions in weanling outbred rats infected ... Castleman,W- L.: wlth Sendai virus. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: LOZ4.IOIL, IgBi. N . F . : Cell Pathology. 2nd Ed., Iowa State University press, I9g3, -Cheville, pp 105, 45I. - -Parker, J. -C., and Richter, C. B.: Viral diseases of the respiratorv svstem. rn TheMouse BiomedicaL Research, Vol. rr, Foster, smarl, Fox, aa;;:i;-ft";i'i. H r e s s , N e wy o r k , p p 1 0 9 - 1 5 9 . P a r k e r , J . C . 1 . V ' / h i t e m a nM, . D : ; R i c h t e r , c . B . : s u s c e p t i b i t i t y o f i n b r e d .. and outbred mouse strains to Sendai yglg and prevalence of infection in laboratory rodents. Infect. ImmunoL.19: IZ7-I1O, L979. leeq rr - 84488 (AFrP r94758r). (Gross stide is included). iversity-herd knownto be persistently infected with bovine viral di.arrheavirus. The stebr had been vaccinated with a modified live virus BVDvaccine on I Dec 8i. No clinical abnormalities were noted after vaccination. 0n 15 Jan 84 the animal was exposedto virulent cytopathic BVDvirus. It was clinically normal until 15 Mar g4 whbnit developed anorexia, dehydration and severe, wateiy diarrhea. It deteriorated progressively and was killed 22 l'|ar 84 after deveioping respiratory signs. Gross Pathology. Approximately 2O%of total lung volume was affected with severe, subacute, serofibrinous pneumonia(slide 84437). In additi.on there were erosions and ulcers of mucosaeoverlying the intestinal lymphoid areas, ulcers of the abomasumand thickeninq of the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon. Kidneys were enlarged and iate. - 2 - 7xLA9 Laboratory Results. Lung ti ssue at necr oPsY:P asteur ella multocida ' of lung tissue. CFU/gram Blood immediatelyPrior to deathz 2550BVD-infectiousunits/m]. B V Dn e u tra l i za ti o n ti te rs: A gainst noncytopathicvir us ( Nebr aska, a u t o g e n o u s )<: 4 n gain6t cytopathic vir us ( Singer str ain) : IO24/nI sever e, subacute,multifocal C o n t r i b uto r'S D i a g n o si s& C omm Pasteurell,?multocida' umonia sero Thissteerhadchronicpersisteniinrectio@VDvirus. 'rmucosal Challengedwith virulenl cytopathic BVDvirus, it developedthe chronic diseasei form of bovine viial diarrhea. Becauseof severe acquired viral-induced immunodeficiency, the animal developed disseminated necrobacillosis due to Fusobacterium necrophorumand pneumoniacaused by PasteurelLa multocida. The current hypothesis is that cattle becomepersistently infected with virus after in utero infection. When,in post-nataI life, noncytopathicBVDwith a cytopathic virus, then mucosaldisease ensues. infected becorne AFIP Dia eoccoEa-ILli, they Pneumonia,fibrinocellular, diffuse, severe, with colonies of Hereford, bovine, etiology--compatible with Pasteurella spp. ConferenceNote. Discussion centered on the identity of clusters and whorls of spinffibronchio].esanda1veo1i.Someattendeesconsideredtheseto described by Jubb and Kennedy(L97O,VoI 1' coincide with the oat-shapemacrophages p. ?O2) who believe these cells to be derived from monocytes. Oncethese ceLls enter the a1veo1i, their cytoplasmincreases in volumeand they elongate and aggregateto form whorls which extend into adjacent alveolar ducts and respiratory by fibrin, the inflammation is bronchioles. Whenthese cells are accompanied Somepathologists associate oat-shapedcells sometimestermed "fibrinocellular". with chronicity. PasteureLla spp are a normal part of the upper respiratory tract flora of rumiiEFffbliilare not normally present in the lung. Viral infections, to include BVD,PI3, and IBR, especially if augmented by stress, render cattle more susceptible and enhancethe proliferation of Pasteurella in the upper respiratory These bacteria are inhaled into alveolf-w-Fffi-5onre(Pasteurella hemolytica) tract. arecapab1eofki11inga1veo1armacrophages.Re1easeofbio@ substancesfrom dying macrophages causesinflammation and deposition of fibrin. Endotoxin elaborated in the case of Pasteurella hemolytica is thought to be a major initiator A study 6y SFffi,-Tar{of the lesions. an? Moffatt concluded that lesions of P. hemolytica fulfill the crj-teria of a fibrinous pleuropneumonia, whereas those of P. multocida are more typically bronchopneumoniawith moderaLe amounts of fibrinl Discussion of other causesof fibrinous pneumoniain cattle included Hemophilus and Mycoplasma.In other species which do not have septae to contain the z infection, Streptococcus is the classic cause of iobar pneumonia. Klebsiella l s also a commiF-ErlFfFTaboratory animals. C o n t r i b uto r. N a ti o n a l A n i m a l D i s e a s e C e n t e r , P . 0 . B o x 7 0 , A m e s , I o w a 5 0 0 1 0 . S u g g e s t e dr e a d i n q . L l e s s r B . e t a I . : B o v i n e V' - -i vr vr vi sr grrlr i" av e: . r h n of\ uRv V D ) . D t s c h . T i e r a r z t . Wschr. 90: 25r-266, Lgg3. Rehmtulla, A. , . G.: A review of the lesions j.n shipping i . , a n d T h o m p s o nR fever of cattle. Can. Vet. J. 22: I-g, 1981. n! ; ! r E vS nehti r re sf o'E ol . l . . W a r d l G . E . ; M o f f a t t , R . E . : C o r r e l a t i o n o f m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l and histological findings in bovine fibrinous pneumonia. vet. path. L5: tIt-1z1, Ig7g. s l o c o m b e ,R . - F : i D i r k s e n , F . J . , e t a 1 . : r n t e r a c t i o n s o f c o r _ ds t r e s s a n d Pasteurella hemotytica in the pathogenesis of pneumonicpasteurellosis in carves: ffin.'.ioiogicandpatho1ogiechanges.Am.J.Vet'.Res.45: I757-t76t, 1984. S t e c k , F . e t a 1 . : I m m u n er e s p o n s i v e n e s si n c a t t l e f a t a l l y affected by bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease. Zbr. Vet. Med.B 27: azg-aai rgeo. Case III - 72890 [2 s]idesl (nrrp IB4947o). lffioroximately t2 Y r s . r in large free ranglng monkeycolony, noted with enrargementsurrouniinc r i n h f femur. Contributor I s containing over 6000 animals. Chondrosarcomawith metastasis to Luno. observed in our rhesus breeding coloiies AFrP Diagnosis. chondrosarcoma, skin and lung, rhesus monkey,primate. conferenc" cartilagenous neoplasmsarise from | r a t @ , a n d a 1 HLg+_ i o r a r e 1 y i r o m t h e s u b c u t i s . T h e m a t r i xcostochondral o f t h e 1 u n g junctions, neoprasmshowsweakpositivity with sirfranin o, and. slightly greater positivity with al-cian brue, indicative 6r acid mucoporv.i".r'raride, probabry ehondroitin sulfate' Skin sections are negati.vewith both stains. 'Some H&Esections contain condensedpink material, suggestive of osteoiJ, within the tumor. The history in this case suggests that this neoplasm -an-osteosarcoma from the femur. rn the experienceof the Departmen[-oforthop"oi.-p"thblogy, arose which breechesthe bone cortex can have-the hislologic appearance of a bone, cartilage, or fibrous connective tissue neoplasmoutsioe-or ti-r" bonel *itnin the bone, however' it will always 100k like an osteogenic neopr_asm. someattendees also noted a granular green to yelrow black pigment within the lung, suggestive of mite pigmenti rporiioiv-t"*lyrr*1. Contributor.- National-center for Drugs and Biologics, FDA, gg00 Rockville Pite, effiffi]arytano- ozos. - 4 - Suggested leading n _r^^.r-aaar^Ahin a n African Afriean crested creste an A chondrosarcomain Green|oodr A.-9:i uooper, u. ffidpo""rpih".' Vet. Path. 16: 7t4-735, 1979'. in labolatoly Gregson,R. L., and Offer, J. M.: Metastasizing chondrosarcoma r a t s . J . C b m p .P a t h . 9 1 : 4 A 9 - 4 L 7 ' 1 9 8 1 ' study of a Halliwell, \l1. H.: Chondrosarcoma:A light and el-ectron microscopic case j-n a dog. Am. J. Vet. Res. 3Bz 1647'1652, L977' Case IV - 84-5644 (AFIP 1947594). - i s a m e b i r d f r o m a b a c k y a r d f 1 o c k ' a I 1 o f w h i c h h a d a history of lameness. layer of Gross Patlrplg,$/.- Both legs and toes are diffusely eovered by a thick ,..tffit,.The1ungscontainmu1tip1e,sma1I,discretetocoaIescingpa1e tan to grey foci. Contributor's MorphologicDipgngsig. Bronchitis, granulomatousr,chronic, es, lung, avian; etilogy--pulmonary Oiff acariasis. The most like1y etiologic agent is Cytodites nudus, the air sac mite of bone cavities of many poultry. This mitl has been foinO in afrlEllG$s-anC paLhological effects of the different avian -pecies. There is controversy ovet reported other in and case this this mite and somebelieve it to be harmless. In changes' pathological severe are heavy inlestation there cases whenther" is " granulomatous, multifocal, p a i a s i t e s , S r e e Ou n s p e c i f i e d , a v i a n . l u n g , intrEllutminal arthroood l u n g . m i 1 d , to multifocal, mlnimal AFIP Dia n o s e s . 1 ) Parabronchitis, moderate, with 2) Granulomas' metaplasia of the epithelium of conferenceNote. Someattendees noted squamous seveffiandafoca1necrogranu19mathoughttobeaforeignPooyresponseto a dead 'ilit". Speciat staiis failed to demonstrateany additloF] a diagnosls.of Cyt9dites infectious agents. Although the mites are well-preserved, j-n histologic sections. these sp. could not be madebased upon the morphologyseen The 1ife cycle of Cytodites has not been fully elucidated. It is thought' the lower air passages,the eggs are coughedup, however,that mites fafeggsT swallowed,and reach the ground in the droppings. The modeof infection is unknown. Someauthors fe61 that the mites are predisposing factors for tuberculosis. Lindt and Kutzer (1955) found C. nudusto cause granulomatous seen grossly as The mitE Effrequently pneumoniawhich was sometimesfatal. white nodules on the air sacs. 0ther mites of the respiratory systemof poultry include SlerlrostoIe, Neonyssus and Rhinonyssusalthough none is an important parasite commercialty. l'neumonyssus the airways of monkeysand dogs. spp Effin Someattendees speculated that the history of lamenessin this f1ock, and gross necropsyfindings of thickened scales and crusts on the lower legs was suggestive o f i n f e c t i o n b y th e sca l y l e g mi te ( Knemidocoptes) . Contributor. oiagnffiboratory State of Alabama,Dept of Agriculture & Industries, Veterinary , Auburn, Alabamai6$I-22o9 . Suggested reading. Hofstad, M. S. et al.: D j - s e a s e so f P n r r l t r v . I o w a S t a t e Univer sity Pr e s s , Ames, 1978, pp 697-698. L1ndt, S., and Kutzet, E. : Air sac mites as a cause of granulomatous pneumonia in chickens. Path. Vet. 2: 254-216, 1965. Matheyr V'/.J.: Respiratory ascariasis due to Sternostome tracheacoluum in the budgerigar. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 150: 777-780,8:McOrist, S.: Cytodites nudus infestation of chickens. Avian Path. 151-155, 1987. D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology - 6 - Results AFIP f{ednesdaySlide Conference- No. 10 1984 28 November Confererce l.loderator : Michael R. Elwell' DVM,ffiD MAJ, VC, USA Dlplmate, ACVP Staff Pathologist Dept of Anatornic PathologY l{a1ter Reed Army Institute of Research Washirqton, DC 2O3O7 Tt9' cow with no previous history of reproductive problens The dam is one of 52 miJ.king cors in a tie-stall 5 5-ilEntfFold fetus. barn. The cows were vaccinated against rabies, leptospirosis, IBR, Brueella and BVD. Gross Pathotoqv. TfE placenta was mar*edJ.yedematous. There was markedpale intefficken1rrgofha1fofthepIacentap1us1ippingofthickened coiyieOons. Imagular necr6tic plaques were present on the arnrniotic surface. l'b The placental lesions were suggestive of mycotj.cor qro;s fetal lesids. ureaplasm infection. Laboratonr Results. - no bacterial growth. ffi Stmch a [iacenta: l{et mountnegative. Brucel],a stain negative. Large ntmbers bt ahna Sbep. A few nonhenplytie E. coli from placenta. Uycopia.srnai Ureaplasrna.isolated frorn lun! anOTLffita.. Slrology: Agglutination test for Leptospira ggmonaand L. hardjo - negative. Brucella abortus rapid test - negative. Severesubacute, generaU.zednecrotizing Contrl"butorts Diaonoses& CcnnruEnt. ild alveolitis with markedpulmonary]VmFnoiO ptac plaeental lesions due to Ureaplasmainfection. iggfegate formation. Both fetal and Tfe severe pfacentltis in this case is characterized Oy neffiEi-6F primariLy by mononucleat cfioriellantois and annion, with markedinfiltration (Two blocks wete cut and the cells, edema,fibmsis, and markedvasculitis. Large numbers reaction is riroreseveri in one of the sections of chorioallantois). tenninal likely and are of streptococci are pt€sent in section without reaction are occasionally invaders. E. coli streptococci, Yersinia, and othel mycoplasmas significance. unknown are of and i.lreaplasira-a5ffii6'n frffi EiFes of isolated Diffuse alveolitis, sepElTh:iEk-ening, and formation of findings in both peribroncfriolar/perivascular lyrnphoidaggregatesare common natural and experimental Ureaplasmaabortion. Ureaolasmashould be consideredas a causeof bovine abortion, especially when placenEltls7amnionitis is noted grossly. AFrPDiaon?;9:i 1). Placen!^iri:r-n:croti-ing, s @ ' t h r € m o o s i S ' a n d n u n e r o U s . c o c c o b a c i 1 1 i , pacute, 1 a c e n_mlrtifocar, t a , H o I s t e i nmoderate,with iil#fut!"[ffi0r3]r::ffiif;l-su6acut", oiiiLe, moderate, witnperioioncniorar ,n"M,?silTi"hii;::i.dil:::,ffi:ff::ls.ll3i:,:i!l"!f,!t,it, the neutrophilswereshediro*.in" pi"JJ"i"*Ynto m" werethenaspiratedinto thi ruuio ano[nJf tney airwav!,lni-il'tn"t t1"-onrv"IJ"io' "*iliii causedby Fflh=$d:"';ffi ':t['Hx;::i1$*h":fr i:IffiinJ-iy,,;ioid neutrophlls rere paft or trre-ir"4git"-, -ffi-1x" .ffii",t!",shtro "i:"ffi nesult of ureaolSima-:nr."dioi. nodures, were rhe wnuJ-in""!'*", general bacteria fiTiE p*enta wereiargely *i"-iJ."rt agleerEntthat the 3l-oy:1g"irth,. rhe rindirs of some #?E':ffRr*;;3;f{#;ffiilTFTt!#,:li:ff#:i.i*it $il;s,"amol€ yffi:it::r^g:.;1g-grpplgsE is rreq.en*y ffii**iniT"pg;"irll"'lF iit, iili$filiil.:i:;:"*gi[:::r""li$h.:in33'H;.*.ffi**Hn iffi weights .f;'ffig' or inra$4, 5iil]-it, am*i ffiil U:t'isgi,no*t t i;bx+"1:i:i:i:T ;H":Jf*"I9i1 e#,i;; rl4 1 1... rlrst isori[ron-1"*-;#!il-i"'ie$:T.'ff":i:th vulvar. has.been comnonry discfiargesr erEfiular vurv:'Elst T-E=.#. vrsru4ar vurviric preputfdl-washirqs and iemen rsorJtej i"ot rrcn aoilil;;i't of bulJs, cerre.l _or-*o--j|?!": .A study Oy Uiilbrr'-CJnd Doio- er :l ia roo2 -._-:_^and ". and abortion and./or "ijrillii,;"#ffii:fl . il"X,iilfi";#!il!l; ::ffi ::k.g.lti. F."r. I llln:":l_?k i}.fgr.::fr"*. Oirin-oi oilff.,LE_rs :*tr l:T-g.1*3;'-k"dfu;ffii#r:Sff i,.u i.;'"ff rrr m:.:. :+:_-Tfu1i,i'i# spernatozoa with resultani IJCr{L' loi.---=with .h;;i."iir."tiritv chrontcinrertirilt"in-iiix.yr. in tr"uli"rnotilitY' "ith iT,Tr:ffi Enoughtr iliT'by, lj T, Ioi"I"uv' by artacrrJt attaclnent to io ffouOnt, ureaprasmi rpp.'have arso beenrinked .ndm"';:fiI3il,HTffi::il.'fiil'ffi3:0ntarioMinistryofAgniculture i.-.-*ffi!Il-I: nfectioninnaturauyI6ii"i"o ,J.; - . , .rrwin, " . e i . vD.: e t . J persistence . 1 4 0 , 3 4 7 - of ,5#genita1 Doj.g,p. A.:^ aovini geniiar q,v"oor""ro':.. can.-ve[...{,zz: :J:J9-j43, Livingston' c' w' ana-eau"",.4.g., -iii."t l98l. or venere"t-i".n.*ission -vJt. ureaplasma on ieproductive-erii6iin"v-or ;il: of ovine Am..:. ri"s. 432*90-*9r, Lggz. l'{il[et, R' B:; Ruhnke, H. L. i ?9ig, B. J. et al. : Tfe effects of Ureaplasma sx'=inocu1atiointo-in.-*nioii.=i"iitiincows.rn"riogeno1ogyffil+, Mirler, R. 8.1 Ruhnke,H. L:; Doig, B. J. et ar.: Bovine_abortion causedby ffi#.fH;.,P^h]6;*jif'li:'u;j''::'i::l*::"il*:tliiI3*]. Ruhnke'H' L'i.Palmer, N' c.;'.Doig, P. A. et al.: Bovineabortion and neonatar death associated with oiveilum. u:t"ipri.* ineriogenology S t i p k o v i t s . L . " t f f i o ] e o f - u r e a p l a s m a i n a c o n t i n u o u21: s ?95_3or,1984. infertilitv pr6ote* in-[u"r."v.l nviin-ois'.-it', 5L3_523,r9s3. - 2 - CaseII - H84-1 (AFIP L946v:7D: whichbe1ongstoTaiwanS9garCorporati!nrcontains ieicer pigs-and f850 sucktins pigs.. Arl 9f the zim ao*rE=iffior;';-50-il;ii, brding stcks'had been vaccinated with ittenuated erysipelas vaccine before breedlng and had been bred natural service. The disease first appearedon May13, 1984 in breeding stock. This outbreak lasted abcnrt3 weeks. A total of 74 sowsand 1l boars were affected; anrtng these' 17 sows ard I boars died. to maJority of sick animals (OreeOingage) were arlorexiar high Synptons, c61trnon both the feeder and .A fever'o? agrS-eri.SaC,eyan6sisinO aOortion (4 cases),-whereas 6 dead animaLs of total sgcklirq pi6s dicl not showany sigs of the disease. Tissues in this case are were sqflmitleo ror neeropsyairo looratory examination. fmm a 3-year-old crossbred sow. Gmss Patholoqv. The sick anirnals had purpJ.ishred discoloration of the earst ecchymotic % i n t h ehqnol skin,andpetechia]'hernorrhageswereseeninkidney' nearl and semus meibranesof visceral organs. Lynph nodes and spleen were enlarged. LaboratorrrResuJ.ts. a) Bloocl samles ancl visceral olgan sanples were cultured on bloocl agar for 96 lrct.tts. E. rfrusiopalhiae was identified by growth characteristics and biochenical, properti6.with whole blood of the infected b) Fq.r mice were inoculated intraperitoneally pigs collected during the early s of the disease. All 4 mice died within 16 was isolated frcrn the visceral organs. hours after inoculation and vacci.ne: The bacteria in the ae tecl c) Exanination of the a -ower than the standard levels vaccine nrrnbered 20 million per mI, at 100 million oer ml. Contributorr s Momholoqic Diaqnosis. focal necmsls, acute, diffuse, minated intravascuLar coagulation with kidney, porcine. 2) Etiology - Erysipelqlhr:Lx rhusiopathiae. Gross, niitopaEffi'Iol:8ft?fand EiCtafio'IogFa1 findings showthat the enzootic was caused by. E. I[ggiggg![!3g. fiusiQpqthlae lnfection is conrnonlyseen i.n this country. Septicemiaand -E. -it'frst body organs are the diagnostic lesions in an acute disease. micmthrornbosis The rnecfranisrn of pathogenicity of E. rhusiopathiae is not clearly understood' but there is considerable evidence that-neuramlnftiaseis involved. This enzymeis producedby all strains of E. rhusiopathiae. It cleaves aLphaglycosidiclinkages naride on the surlace of body cells. in nzuramihic acid, a react$ernu The infection was finally controlled by the use of penicillin, double dosages procedutes. No of the attenuated L fhgsiopathiae vaccine and certai.n management newcases of the iFFeEiSi-iEiffi?en seen since June f , L984. AFIPDiagnosis. Thrombosis,fibrj.nous, acute, diffuse, mild to severe, . glonffiio1es, kidney, crossbred, porcine. - 3 - conference-Ng!*- Tissue sict+911.,yaryin severity of the Lesions. The , pno@nemaioiviin(PTAH)-;t.i;demonstratedthepinkfibri11ar material within capillaries inc arteriole.-to o. fibrin.--eram stains faired to dmnstrate bacterl: any iissues examined. Discussion centered around in possible presenceor lestons in the renal iGules. Despite the presenceofthe apparently viable, well-preserved red blood celrs in-iri-se"iion" exami.ned,rnany attendees thouqht rosi-or basophitic staining of tr-burar {+ $q.graduateo eplthelial celi nuclei inorEaies that the ceri.s ai"-iutoifiil. Randonlyrhroughour tubures sqre tr-bular epithiiiar xarvoirn#ii" ano karyolytic, irdicating there is iniivid;i ".u-n,*I"i-ii." epitheriai-""ii necrosis. rn some sections mild interstltitaL nephritis wai-nJtei oui-wis nJl-tnoueht io ue"a:e to erysiperas. Neuraml'nidaseis prodr'aedby all strains of E. rhusiopathiae and must be profucedin1argeamountstobe'patnogeni;i!.vaETiffioErdbet|Ecasein massivesepticemia. rt acts in a u""i;tt;a-;"ys and producesa varlety of effects, so'e of whictr are-ircreased perfieaoiiiiv ;i $rl;;branes, excess fibrin anj fibril999n, anc stiinui;a6-or'erytnro"vti"'.gglutinationfonmtion of to hemolysis' Thesepatnoro6iear aciiviti;;'can leadirp account ior most aspects of the earlv pathogenesis of' acuii-E"viipiri, iiil"; lso,9f;s.offiffit.Animal r's4). rndustryResearch rnstitute, Tapu,chunan,Miaoli, Taiwan , , - . . , f f i t ! tpress, : : I n D i s e a s e s o f S w i n e . 1 5 tvr hEdition,TheIowaState university 199i,'pi- +ii+76.'-YYsree l{oods,R' L':.^:'{9.Lry9r091as. - 3 review prevalenee of v' p'sycrrEr*t and alrs research. researcn. J. - Am. vgt. Med. Assoc. r&ft: gM_949:19g4. nrsEory. The tissu specimen is from the kidnev of a lO-month-old feedlot calfffialf was one of a group of 25 calves wniin were treated for signs of anorexia and respiratonr disease (coughing, dyspnea). This calf carf-Jio-not , dyspnea). This did not respond respon t o treatnent and died four days ays after the initi.ation of therapy. A totar of 12 of the 25 calves dled and were presented for necropsy with similai'lesioni. Fglop"y flytg findings were simj.lar in al1 calves. containing fibrin clots were found within Large the il"il;"r"IiLll;:"$il:i RHi*l:* "llitl:' -A9gll*ltar-ieiion;-il;i;;;d;;il;; ;TiFiu$'ifiifi o", bmnchopnetmonia were found in arl- carvei-Jiaiined. lir.nnahaaa ffi Peritoneal fluid urea nitrooen Serr-mphosphorus Serum total protein Serum calcium 2I8 ng/dl 191 mgldl t?.5ns/dl 5-.3g/d\ 8.9 mg/d1 - 4 - Lung specimens: Pasteurella multocida cultured ffiuJ---- Liver and kidn6y speiimens: Negative for toxic amounts of lead, mercury,atsenic. Contributgrrs Diagnosii & Corrnent. Tubular nephmsisr acuter severe. Oxytetracycllne toxicosis. After arrival at the feedlot, all calves were given long-acting oxytetracycline Oose. The n-xt day, this dose was repeated (OTC)IM at tuo tines the reccrmrlnO"O for fotlr IV in 5gven calves, followed by IM infections at the reconnendeddoselVr-followed dose recornentled tr."" given the days. Tfre remaining eight"en ""lu"i 0n day 101 ealves beganto die, eventually Oi'tn" sate dose for four days. resulting in 48ft nnrtalitY. Ttre adninistration of excessive doses of OTCjn these calves may FYg^directly contributed to tfe-reiuiting ren-L Lesions. Nephmtoxic properties of OTCare effects of the drug on the oxidative enzymes atttihrtable in;;"t-6-ine-inninitory In addition, tetratyclines have been shownto inhibit tFte of tr.rbular eelsl aOUiti of tne kidney to concentrate uiine. The cardiovascular effects of OTCand ,iiioG vehiclej niv6 Ueeninvesligated in calves. Intravenqrs adninistration of oiC-in-proeylerre giycol and propyiEneqfycol alone induces systemic-hypotensionand oecreis,bobirrlrpnail'ana renal arterial-biood flow. Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone vehicl'e fijggaA-fV fn awakecalves causedan ircrease in systemic resistarce due to These vehicies in variotts forms are used in consttictlon of-piiiprr-iaf artarioles. bfC broCrrcts, irrcluding tlose involved in this case report. - l'lany npaa ilFtable factors other tnan iGt tne ni6r oosag6of the tetracyclhg *y have 9911tr.ibtlted Tl'recalves were given Iv to tfre rcnal tesioni in the ca.Ives of this.repott. effectsr-which ltaY have vascular systemic known boluses of oTCin vehicles with could not be dehydration of The degnee flow. conttihrted to reOuceOrenal fLood ard gloncrular filtration to-reduced accurately asseiieO, n t maynave contributed frepatocellular have not did The calves irareased urea nitr6gen Lev6ls. Oegen&"tfon, as has-beenreported in rmn and cattle treated with tetracycline prodtrcts. AFIPDiamosis. cnar@ine. Necrosis, tubuJ.ar,cortical, diffuse, severe' kidney' ConferelEeNote. In additlon to the tubular necrosis, attendees also noted 1) diff@1oepithe1ial-ce11regeneration,2)mi1d1ycongestedvesseIsat aggregatesof the corticonedullary Jtrnctlon, and 3) small scattered interstitial la.d<ocytes. It was speculated that lyrnphocytic aggregates were not related to tl'e ttlrular lesions slnce they are a conmcnfinding in bovine kidneys. The pink granular material within tubules was thought to be debris from sloughed tubular epithelial celIs. The differential diagnosis included toxi.cosis due to antibiotics, heavy metals, and oak ingestion. It was agreed that these could not be differentiated histologically, but that toxicosis due to the latter two would be unllkely in feedlot anlmals. This case report was recently published by the contributor (Larimoreet a1., 1984), and ncre detaiLs concerningthis incident maybe found in that paper. The by Appel and antibiotics have been surnmarized nephrotoxic effects of commonly-used Neu (1977). In man, the production pf a nephrogenicdiabetes insipidus and of hepatocytes,acute reversible FanconiSyndromen as well as fatty metamorphosis pancreatitis, and hematopoieticdisorders have beenassociatedwith tetracyclines (Fox, Berengi, Straus, 1976). - 5 - \ contributor. statE colorado Departnent of Pathology, -college of veterinary Medici'ne, , Fort corlins, colorado 8o52t' S.rooestectreadiru. ffiev,H.C.:Thenephrotoxicityofantimicrobia1agents.New Erg. - - J. !led. lrz 72.-728, L977. Fox, S. A.; Berengi, M. R., and Straus, B.: Tetracycfilg toxicity presenting Mt. Sinai J. Med. 472 129-)35, ry76. as a muitisystin diseisi. G r i f f i n , D .0 .1 l r{o rte r, R . D .; Amstutz, H. E. et al.: Exper imental Bovine Pract. 14: ,74L, L979. in reeol6t heifer!. oxyt-tracicii,'re toiicity Adversecardiovascular al.: D. et J. emss, D. R.; Dod, K. T.; l{illiams, in intact awake calves. Am. vehicles pieparationi and effects oi oxytelracyiline J. Vet. Res. 422 L57L-L5fi, 198I. Larimore, M.1 Alexardei, A.1 Powers, B. et aI. : 0xytetracycline !!:ocl!led J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1852 793-795' L984. nephrotoxicoiis in feedlot ialves. Stevenson, S.: Oxytetracycline nephrotoxicosis in two dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. L76z 5fr-53l.., 1980. CaseIV - Wt2I9 (AFIP 1948t06) litter of nine l-day-oJ.dLand/Yorkfemale pigs all Eom-Elive tut with red spots all over their bodj.es. They appearedto be gettirg weak and this one died at I day of age. They were in farowirg crates in a 230 sov unit. Gmss Pathobgv, The whole surface of the skin of this piglet was covered with rot.rrffiatedvesiclesandpustu1es.Thenosewbs-verysevere1y affected, with the leslons becomingconfluent'and necrotic with little normal tissue remainirp. SimiJ.ar, though less severe, Lesions were present on the tongue frcrn which the suhnitted section was taken. -Therewere a few flecks of milk in the stomach. Laboratorv ResuJ.ts. heavy growth of Staph. auleus and Staph g!$. ffi: Virology and EMon tongue: pox virus demonstrated. Contributor's Diagnrosis& Cornnent. Glossitis, ballooning degeneration of the s t r a e o s i n o p h i I i c i n t r a c y t 6 p 1 a s m i c i n c 1 u s i o n s . There is acanthosis and secondarybacterial infection. Gl6ssitis - pox virus. . Pox lesl.ons in pigs can be causedby the cowpoxvirus, the vaccihia virus and the swinepoxvirus and in this case we vrerenot able Lo establish which virus was implicated. Pox is well docunentedin suckling pigs, but we have included this case as the infecti.on was obviously obtained in utero. In this case the piglets were bom alive but in two other cases (separate farms) the piglets were stIUOom and had extensive pox lesions over the skin, nose and in the m6uth. Althoughthese are isolated incidents, pox virus is not usually consideredto be an intrauterine infection even though there is on occasiona viiemic stage. The lesions on the slides vgxyf however,all demonstratethe ballooning degenerationand intracytoplasmic inclusioni. - 6 - to severe' with focal' moderate acute' ulcerative, GlOSSitis, AFIPDiaqnosis. epitnffigdegener"lion_andeosinopniii.intlacytco].asrnicinc1usion Sii6fogy-"*p"tible with poxvirus' bodies, tongue,-ilnOiaceTvorr.snlie,-f-rcine, foot and mouthdisease' confereraeNoter- Thedifferential diagnosisincludes vesiffi,vesicu1aiexanth*.,-u"ili"[iu"_o.rmatitis,skin1esions the histological associatedwith erysiperas.nJnoe-.horeri,in .ii'6in.t.l--nottever, fne-stratr.n spinosum,and the presence . firdir€ of hydropic degeneration-6r-liirs of poxvinrs infections' of intracvtoprifric in;rusion-bodiesare charilteristic cell nGlei is said to be Furthennor€,vacuor.ationot ffrl-ini..i"o epitneiiil uirus (Kasza,1981)' patfogrumnic for swinepoXroiri.t"ntiatihg il-ffir-vaccinii o"u"lopnrentof titers to hog rnfection with swinepox is thoughtto interrere "iin cholera vaccines. Thepapillarystructuresonthetorrguesurfacewe r e t h o u g h t banimals y a t t e r r dand e e sfurction tobe oi-iucxriig tdngr"" lne p""""ni on papirlae which marEinal """ and nipple' between tongue I.-Fo*-"'sbal Ministry of British Co]r-rnbiaVeterinary Laboratory,. B.'.C' 4l'18' Contributor. ne"rffit*ur VzS a'c', Canada ol-F.ol eoi-1001-Rouotsrord, (. Am-J. vet' Res' 23: 44t45L; L96?' S gEstrd-readins' Experirental swine 'Swine. Po> ffi 5th Ed., Leman,A' D' et al' Kasza,L.: Swinepox.lgr Oii-ases of (Ed.);-iila State Universit!-Pless' 881' p' 254' gnotobiotic lr{eyer,R. C. and Conroy, J:-D:i Eipirinental swine Px in -uftrastructural pigleti. Res. Vet. Sci. 132 73bV3,8,L?7?' aspects of experilental DeBoer-r-G:-F.i and Teppam, J. S. Virol' 492 )S]-L65' Arch' swinepoxwith special referenie-to irclusion UoOies. L975. L. FRITZ,V.M.D. DAVID Captain, VC, USA Registry of VeterinarY Patholo$Y Departmentof Veterinary Pathology Results Conference - No' 11 S1ide Wednesday AFIP 5 December 1984 Conference l'bderator : Case I - AC-24?4 Lester W. Schwartz, DWI Diplomate' ACVP As'sociate Director of PathologY & French Laboratories sniih-itine PhiladelPhia, PA 19101 AFrP1951858). A nr.mberof Ybungcanaries Adult birds oieo iouowins 7 to 4 dav courseof diarrhea. no mortalitY associated t6 have occasional piriods of diarrhea but -oId female canarY. from iiffii.;i;; wete diarrhea Periods. with "Jpo"t"O of small intestine Ptonouncedt Gross Pathology. Muscle wasting, inflammation xitr@. plactitioner LaboratorvResu1ts. Direct smearsof intestine by referring revealedno cocclola. s & Corrnent. in all tissuesl severe diffuse change present -hepatitisl -moderate pulmonarycongestion' diffuse subacute subacuteentEritis; hePatitis. Etiologic Diagnosis: Protozoal enteritis and Etiology: Isospora serini. of the lamina propria by The enteritis is characterized by markedinfiltration Large numbersof similar macrophag"", rany of nni"n contain piotozoaf organisms' The liver has a diffuse in tnb lamina proFria. organismsare atlo-io""i-i""" is most prominent in which of f""ge-*ononuclear inflarrnatory cells infiltration liver and lung' the In nicrosis. foci-oi hepatic triad areas and il;;rnJing parenchyma. No the in free also phagocytes'but-are ptotozoa u.u"i1y-withii 'cnanges "re found in the section of ventriculus' were AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Enteritis, histiocytic, diffuse, severe' transmuralt-with intrffitrlcEriurii-pioio.oa,ima1iintestine'^canary,avian.") -istiocytic, diifuse, -mild, with intrahistiocyticFneunonia,lnter-tiii;t, p"oio=oar'Iung. 3) Hepatitis, histi6cytic, Oiffuse, mild, with intracellular brotozoa, 1iv6r. 4) Piotozoemia, intracellular, Iiver and 1ung. Note. A similar casein a crestedwoodpartridgerlasrecently Conference % b y t and h e Aret FIP.Thelung1esionsinthatcasereSemb1ed received Also in the small intestine ioxoplasmosis due to muitirocal areas of necrosis. of that case were multiple foci of necrosis and a more severe transmural inflarmatory response. Although necrosis is not a feature in this caser the lesions are otherwise similar-but mild in comparison. The differential diagnosis in both cases of the subphylum ircludes Toxoolasmaqondii. Isospora spp., and other members R p i e o m p ]e i l .o i fre rE i T i 6 -ti o n rilr ]gh- Lbepoisib1etnr oughcioseexaminati onof oocysts but they are absent in this case as are all sexual stages. Box (I98f) has suggestedthat ffi?"+#' and fatal disease' :k;" ,#ffi{f#ffi:':l!i:i?:r " tissue section was identified In this case' the unaff.ected thin Portion of the gizzard' Contributor. uafa@na by attendees as a PurdueUniversitYr West Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory' 47907. ffi-?:al^eXtraintestinaIp arasiteofpasserinebirds. L98r' za(2ffi246, P*16=oot. ":. Box,E.D.:-Lifecyclesof'twolsqgpoxa'speciesinthecanary,Serinus c a n a r i u s L i n n a e u s l - J . - F " o t o z o o I;i. 2 f f i , L 9 7 7 . tttini (Arasao) ?T stase? Isgry E. D.: Exogenous # 22 +#ffi uTiffi)-'-FrobozooI' (SgTinus canarv the in Febiger' sp. -Dlseases & Lea $ius Ed" 2nd of ffig.-""d-Auiir, airOi' petrak, M. L.: -of L982, P. 54I. Caserr - 84-P-571 (AFrP 1945658). male Duroc, Porclne. A ourebred Producer in an open-front stock noted somecoughing amongpigs housed bY most of coughing and sneezins the next 2 divs, uni.t on a ;;;;;"ErIo.-'o""i"g was deadand the others had the pigs wii noteo. 0n the-foliowing day, ong.pigand were gaunt. slightly i"ooi"O-respiration, persistent coughing GrossPathology.Theanteriorandventralparts(about70%)ofbothlungswere p u " p f f i " o . . [ o . " J i i i l ; . . - I n i e r 1 o b u I a r s e p t a w e l e wThe i d etracheal n e d . T hmucosa e r e w awas s lppl"iir"tliv +o cc of crear, yetlowthoracicfruid.' foci on the surface. serosanguinous rough ano nal-muriipre tan diffusely recrctened, material was fluid exudedfrom the cut surface of the lung and white, tenacious ft."neobronchial lympn nod6swere swollen, edematous present in smalle"-.i"niyr. and hemorrhagic. The meningeswere congested' . -Laboratorv Resu1ts. The fluorescent antibody test on tonsil was positive for pseudorabj.esvirus was isolated from brain and lung. pseudorabies uirffiigen.flacteriologic cuJ.ture yielded a mi-xedpopulation of beta hemolytic Streotococcus-' was th-e preffiIiTntG pseudornonas and proteu! spp. st""pto"6"[ri-"qrisiCIlfi-9 affi urtu;m iiinopnffiFTffi ne.ttir/e. Contributorts Diaqnosis& Comment.Seveteacute diffuse necrotizing and s with serofibrinouspneumonia Oron virus. Pseudorabies bodies. inclusion eosinophilic intranuclear Microscopic lesions were also found in sections of brain (mild acute focal The nonsuppurative encephalitis) and tonsil, spleen and liver (focal necrosis). bacteiia isolated wete considered to be-opportunists or contaminants. 0utbreaks of severe disease and some deaths in larger fattening hogs (75-100 kg) and near-breeding age Pigs, in which PRVis the primary pathogenr appear to be increasing in the midwest. - 2 - AFIP Diagnosi!. fibrinonecrotic' Bronchopneumonia, suppuTative, multifocal to i;tTl":l?:"i!:i*iilr::i:"'' diffuse,severe'iitn--"oiino'pnnil with Herpessuls \l runs'Duroc' ;il;;;; "ii"iogv--compatible be primarily attendeesnoted the necrosisto conferenceNote. cOnference i n v o @ e p i ! n 9 : , i y ' ; I i ' i r " r I y , i n t r a n u c l e a r i n c 1 u s i o n S a l e S e e n pnewocvtes,-and septa are thickened orimariry in airway-ep*heri"r ""iirl-;;;'6.""rilnlii;;"-;i;-9i"t can be expectedin endotheliarcerrs irr otooo u"r."ii-l"o-iyr[n"Ii"r---niveorar oi-ribrin rne pr!sen"" o"p6i:.[ion.' fibrin and due to congestion in this-cir"l *ni"h can causeendothelial ui"u""I-iiJil;. pantropic with infections i""rro"oi from affected vessels' p"oi"in. ?iio"inog"i prasr" of in this reakage and damage wouro-ne"u!"i-Jt+itt-!: those seen to due relions lgnoifriG lung Atthough c a s e ' i t c a n o " - i u r " o*"E*nftt;"uf[i,r"' o u t a s T f f i * y " i i " r oSot6 6 v oattendees , i t 9 1 ! " ^commented r : ' " n c e othat f i n cthere 1usion bodies and the negative would probably be more vE5cufitiit.En-nitn Hemophilusinfection' damageto.alveolar pneumocytes The moderator cited that after experimental is noL seen beforc 24-35 (species unknown),type ff.pneumi-c,t"-p"oiiferation OVa-ilfuraf igent (virus' etc') maYl hours. Although regeneration "iie| O"t"g" il tnit-"ii" slggests that the lung nas take stightly longer, lack of ":;;n";ffi; o""n inr6lvei for-Iess than 24 hours' a purely cNS disease, which is the Two forms of pseudorabiesare recongized:and-CNSiorm with nervous signs flpre cormonfotm, and a combined-respiritory 24 davs. Affinitv for the in forlowinstn" oi3"i"Ir-"!Ipi;;#d;ii;;;i-h t-o ouiOre'"XO" to thb differeraes ' respiratoly ttact might vary from'ouiOreaX aB";k;iliir", McFerran,Dow, L97t) the various infecting strain. oi"'til-;iil; important in dj'sease to'be tnought Reactivation of ratent ps"uuor"tiJ.-"i""i-ii'. n"rpeluirus-infectibn in other species, transmission to susceptibr" pig.;-as with r-i[.-oi- the latent virus. rt has been the trigeminar gangrion is tnotlifit'io"-0. arto n.roor the ratent virus in pigs tnat [oni*s anorv*H"noil.-i"i suggested (vii oi".chot, Gielkens,1984) contributor. Iowa56'dlF Ames' Departmentof veterinary Pathotogy, Iowa State university' Suqoested reading ffi.r.,Aujeszky|sdiseaseinpigs.Vet.Bu11.43:465-48o, 1973. Aujeszkyfsdisease j'n .. DonaLd,A. I.1 Martin, s.; Ferris, N. P.: .Experimenta.l 1l3z 49O494' pigs: Excretion, lurvival'and'transmilsion of the virus' Vet' Rec' I98t. Leman,A'D' Gustafson,D. p.: pseudorabies. In Diseasesof Swine. 5th Ed., -roniiiq 2o9' et ar.-iEoi.irrowastateuniv.PressrTgel'.P' cf?ry9:-in-pigs sivenpseudorabies Narita,u.;'inuil-i.; Snimizu;-i:: Arn.i. Vet. Res. 452 247-251'1984. (nuiesz[V;i Oii"""e)'virus. girscnotl-ina rn vivo and invitro reactivation of latent Gielkens, n.i.l.: van pseuOoraOies virus in pigs born to vaccinated sows. Am' J' Vet' Res' 452 467-47I' 1984. - 3 - t' t"'"oftl--totYi!5rltr*#tXt?i,t-vear-old puT?':g^f il'^??i?ll;.?:":o:;t @l':i::"::.I"loi".il"';::;ilgil;-b;..oonclinica1signsof vears of ager a aooJilinaroistentionandweishtross bersisrentuilatli;il;-.t*"rri""r'liop""i", andonAc*t'i$!i1!i:l^:*"::i;n::";:::r::03ffii]3"tl;ill; duration indicated or 7 months studies ;il-1;ng-imaeino t;:X.:ilT:1ffi;:;H reduced was 3il#$';"::ii:l"i.3ii";: embotusn", p""ii"i i"O t6at Oynlti"-iuig-coilpliance that a pulmonary p"t"n.nyntaweie n9!ed on radiographs' nearly 50%. carciiieo-ioci in tne alveolar in6 hvP:"::::isolism' A repeat Lysodren(0,p,-ooo) therapy*".'tlsii'i;;"i;oi a return-to normalvarues. Pulmonary responseteSt_-three montns-iiier showed ACTH of abnormalities'with gas functi.ontests, however,inoicai"i'"-ptogiession PC02difference and the being markedlyimpaireil- inE-"iierial-aiveolar exchange indicaling ventiration of i.ncrEaseo percentarveotar o."oib...'ventiiation were puho"l!v-i""t[ion '::'? three monthslater -pufton""-y urperfusedalveoli. A seconoseriet-or functi'on' one monthlater' the dog in further deterioration of showed oi rri-p"r minute' Shewaseuthanized with a developedctyspnea ""rpir"[Jil-;;te respj.ratorY failure. when the thorax was opened' They Gross PathoLogy. The lungs did not collapse i " i c i 6 7 Enal = g ' ' i ! . 8 o . ' . ; ; . t h i s s i z e b e a g l e ) , a I t h o u 9 h n owith - e dpale e m ayellow areas weref fheav1el was present. The pleural surfac"i-r""" irregrfarly mottled dry appearancLand gritty consistency' No that, on cut surface, had.a-somewhat tnrorirOiwere seen in-the pulmonaryarteries' Ca and P levels or in LaboratOrvResults. No abnormalities were seen in serum ratios. Contributorr s Diagnosis & Comment' Uutg - afveofir iebtJt calcification with microlith formation. Pulilonary arteries, elastic - subintimal edema' Pulnonary arteries, muscular- acute segmentalvasculitis' This dog p""iintrO'wiin typical clinical signs (bilaterallV_sVrnmelric$ alopecia, gE#ratized muscle itropny and abdominaldistention) and initial laboratory aonorm-Iities (eosinopenia, Iymphopenia,elevated SAPand urine of low grucocorticoids. assocj.atedwitii the'overproduction of endogenous $;ii;-g;tiiy) Radiographicevidence of soft tissue mineralization in the respiratory system has been iepbrteO in dogs with Cushing's diseases. The radiographic changes^ described in thii repori are of inter6st from the standpoint of the progression of increasingly more iung-afterations wniln, over the period of 19 monthsr_became of the increase in some O,P'-DDD. with tnerapy of spite mineiaijlio'ln and sJv6re lurq density can be attributed to changeswhich occur in the lungs of aged dog:. HowEver,thb severity and extent of involvement suggest that this endocrinopathy was the major contributing factor of these radiographic changes. Thromboembolic complications are a recognized sequella in humanpatients with several times in dogs with Cushingts disease and have been documented Cushing's-like disease. It has been suggestedthat the hypercortisolism maycause a hypeicoagulablestate by increasing coagulation factors !, Vttf' IXr -X' antithrombin III, fibrj-noben and plasminogen,whieh could lead to the increased incidence of thr6mboembolism.Although clotting factor studies were not performed on this patient, the ventilation-perfusion presence of a perfusion scan -showedthe purmonarv rung iEEi;";;;g"tling"ii;-presence defect in the rrsht apicar thromboembolism' of dogs with Thiscasedemonstratedsom e h i s!16o t o l opre?"ni"inii g i c l u n g ' c h a nare g e sfound n o r mina l lsome y f o u nand d i n atheir ged nEi" itporteo of procesr", doqs, but a number l;;:_?:,:l ji,"".".- Calcifi!E,lr"""i"i-'i""ir;;;; previous report' Thg cuining,s-like were simiil-r-io the steroid revers distribution anj-moipnorogic-r"aiures n"r'iJi-6een-ioentiii"o,"o"!-:i::*:d molecular ""ii or mineririzarion mechanism Ot iearranging'their Additionauv' "fittil mayalter proteiii-.u"n "orf#n pH;lj";'i "" as way therebya110w a such in !q ""r.iri.6i"-r"tii"l stiucrure glucoco"li"oiJ-ievers.and proceed' woulo treatmentwitn 6',ei-DDb ov ivi"i"oiiiiorittn' to "pp""Is EE'iinioitJo fibrosis, whicn-iour-Jnoiri*v and origin aopearedto be of recent c9se. this in present luns The vascular lesions t#E";;-;"n[iiition-perfusionthe in" ;;"#";' they. y"r: to rhar it is unrikely "i ii untcnowt-o'tmiy ne related #;;; scanning. rne causeof'theseat necropsy' pnewonia found i"i""tlltial T h e p r e s e n c e o f a c h r o r n o p h o b e a d e n o m a . i n . t h e a n t etn" r i o rbiagnosis p i t u i t a r yof inadditionto 0"".'nJii"!ii"-"orinirii"il;;-ffipbit and ACTH to the response iit"iiiiv-oepenoent hyperadrenocorticism' R e g i o n s o f f i b r o s i s a n d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i n v o l v i n g t ol h e thb k i d nlacx e y s of s e erenal mtosuggestan tn"^ii"g-ri""oritn.'o.E"uie etiorogy sim*ar-ii-i["t-io" rtu.it, althoughdystrophic secondaryhyperparathyroidisr .io-noimli-catciuil cause' possible calcification clnnoi'0" ruled out as a and alveolar. multifocal' AFIPDiagnolrg:- Microlithiasis,-interstitial % i s awitn nd.mu1tifoca1osseous'"l"pii'ii,tung,beagIe,canine. moderate this casewerenot conferenceNote. Thefocal mineral deposits seenin r e m i n etYF r a H l " i i o n - i " e n . , i . t n - u r e m i a o r v i t a m i n vessels D t o x i c iand t y . Ssmall ome considered of blood attendees di.ct, howevet, note tii""""fiiiiion pulmonary-calcification has been contr5-butor, lne by bronchioles. As mentioned rn i liuoy 9f 57 cases, Lorenz (1982) reported in oogl witn_cusnin6's di."".". ini"""'stingty, 7 of those 4 dogs had in the tunds-"i-a-Jfo". found calcificition seen in sore vessels in been treated with orp'-DDD. rfii intimal-myxomatouschangil thought it this case, was thought by most ittendees tb ne-eOema' A few,.however' represented tne-iniimaf iusnion normally present at vessel bifurcatj-ons' P.0' Box 5890t Contributor. Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology ResearchInstitute, Mexico 87185. AlouliG@ Suggestedreading. . ^! -r - .,..1-AA artery-thrombosis A. 8.1 Hornof, 14.J. et aI.: PuLmonary Burns, l,l.ffiiy, in three ctogswith hyperadrenoiorticism. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178: 388-V9t' 1981. Feldman,H. C.: Distinguishing dogs with functioning adrenocortical tumors from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyp6radrenocorticism.J. Am. Vet. Med.Assoc. 183: 195-2OO,1983. - 5 - of canineCushingfssyndrome: Lorenz,M. D.: Diagnosisand medicalmanagement Assoc.L* 7o7-7L6,L982. A study of 57 consecutivecases.- i:-ffi:-Rnim.-nosp. of ciiooi-,-P. l. et aI.: Treatment schechter,R. D.; Stabenfe1dr,"c."ri.; Am' (F'-DDD)' J' synorom"-ilih;-oog *iif, an adienocortiiotytic agent cushi.ng,s vet. u6d. Assoc.L62z629-639,L977' 2 kodachromeslides). Case IV - R-1484-81 (AFrP L946t46). ffimaIe rom a skin. abdominal caudal the of ulcer r alcm rat found dead with GrossPatho}ogV.Excessiveclearfluidwaspresent'inboththeperitonealand tnorffih;^il;;;'iaientarged-andcontainednumerouSwhitish-ye1Iow similar areas randomlydistributed throutnout aif lobes' The lung contained appearing disbrete nodules in all lobes' Contributorrs Diagnosis. Histiocytic sarcomaof liver and lung' rat, AFIP Diagnosis. Histiocytic sarcoma,Iiver and lung, Sprague-Dawley rodent. aI. ConferenceNote. In addition to histiocytic sarcoma,reported by Squire et in r f f i t t e n d e e sco n si d e re d ma l i g n antfibr oushistiocytom a,and (myi:obacteriar. etc.) various agents which might incite formation of necrogranulomas. a and figures mitotic atypical some of Presence diafinosis. in the differential neoplasm. was a mass the that attendees persuaded most atypia OIgr". oi ciifufir oi'tne'neoplasm in the lung and presenceof multinucleated inE-ingiocintiiciiy giani 6ells in 1un6 and liver are features described by Squire. Tfe pattern of. lnis neoplasmis m6re typical of the granulomatouspattern described by Squire in contrast to the sarcomatouspattern also seen in these neoplasmsof Sprague-Dawley rats. The conference moderator, who also contributed this case, said that of the 6-10 histiocyti.c sarcomashe has seen in the past year, this case most resemblesan and giant cells. - He of macrophages inflanmitory process, due to the predominance predomS.nate (1981) in the neoplasms these who that thinks with l{ard is in agreehent skin, in contrast to Squire who finds liver and lung to be the organs most cormonly rats; involved. Squire reports an incidence of up to 7.5% Ln male Sprague-Dawley in the moderatorrs experience, the incidence is as high as L2%in male rats. Greaves, Martin, and Masson(1982) report that histiocytic sarcoma(malignant histiocytoma) is part of a distinct group of histiocytic neoplasmsof the rat. Tumorsof this group range from pure populations of spindle cells which have many ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblasts, to almost pure populations of round histiocytic cells with frequent, well--differentiated multinucleated giant cells. This group, they feel, bears remarkablesimilarities to malignant histiocytomas in man. Histiocytic sarcomasare spontaneoustumors of Sprague-Dawley rats, and have' also been reported in Osborn-Mendel rats. They can be induced by subcutaneous instillatlon of rrSupergluerf. A similar tumor has been reported to arise spontaneouslyfrom the ovaries of mice (Talmadge,Hart, 1983). - 6 - ,0,iffi Ellll l'?llll ,J"fl"'rlTi:: "ii.?::' Kline & French Laboratories' 19101. 1500 ffi,.,-NeopIastieandnonneopla'o|,,"-t,r1,,,?Biol^"n'n:.-^^.,.., Goodmanru' 'pon:":::-:' o,ooIlH'iiEii:*.::*i"*'5li :1'!l':i?iii::i:iit":;iil"#"iil!*' or rat-marisn"!!-tuTe:: fi:i'::?:tl'i.1"1;"ntaneous parh. tgz +9t-so5,Le'?' ""'tg.i:,:Jl:i ,:i*l'i:*:i Anultraiiiu.tu".r stuoil-'v;i: fibrohistiocytic orisini S q u i r e , R . A ' ; . a i i n x n o Y l { : ' i l : ; - F 9ini o," irltg;".lionv ' : ' - 6 ' e t - a r ' ii: H ispra-gue-Dawley stiocvticsarcoma corpgnglr'o..i"rin'g granuroma-iike with a re8r' Jrine reticulum^cerr ;;;;.- ffi: i: p.tn. Lo5z2L-7a, --v;t. parh' i"T:;#";: :ffi"?: Bl?,?:' f ::*:i#i,-il.*::i??:' ,.""H:T*?:il,,t or neoprasm ;3:"#-);il"tt;-;'.; *,*n counterpart' fll#l""r the'human *i i:':?!?JHi'?il:"Tf,; i;;;ii";ent-ii6m rhe-rar in o"rsin !'r!! -t;b: soft-tissu" ;;ih. ueo.-tosz 3L3-3L6'lesl' L. FRr r zr v.M.D' DAVLD Captain, VC' USA of'VeterinarY Pathglogy ffii;t;i of-VeterinlrY Patholosy ;;;ffie"i - 7 - Arch' Results AFIPwednesdaY ;::*.::^$ffi""" Conf ere nge-!!gd.exat ol : Linda C. Cork' DVM' PfD Diolomate' ACVP o"6i"itn"nt of PathologY io-nn. HoPkins HosPital e"ititno"b, ND 2L2o5 Case I - 8t+'874 (AF]P=L9442O? rongi t udin aI *", ffio "-io"- able.lo !:: "t "never ine calf was tn"r"-n"a r'rur-us'r' .,"- -titn y-oldfemale !"-I:.!:i:i,, ll 3?*":*:3:i*t?":3:: excessive force' and'was Pulled u . - !^:1 *^6o .r ,?:T:::"1i3[.i"0-'H:;"%:'::.l;i# therapv ":iil"'tmi ?nli3'n,li"il' irp"iulmeniwitn symptomati.c euthanatized' was#iol'"lt=o 3:#;:*'Hi"il .Jl;,;xi:,i?i":^i:{'!!=i::'" in this area were urinary Iiii-in"-iarf - No. 12 incontinenc.e' Inere wd= rru r o,",ffi increasedin amouniover the ruiloo-I..iii coro'ano-neiueroots Tan discoLoration was"!!.iio""O "ft"r-fi*tiiont cord was spinal The edematous. in in".iutb"t cord' The lesion matter.was'p;;;;; grey the right on the present lim*ed to which it was ,nterioi'ilil;t-;"to tne in ih birateral excepr in tne thoracic cord' side. No lesiotit-*nt" detected c r?:3:!ii:'s!:l'il{!i!l:i'ie'!!! .cord -_-----'Yr'::;:"]-^-i^l-^r MalaCiC afeas In spJ.lr.rr.LUJ.TJJ nr corpression' or eord COfDfeSSlOn. o.rnage ierteoiJ r{amanF forrowingtr.*.-orf *!.inouto"*6n.riiore Vascurar injury is probabrv . ,.jor-.o"tiioutor-io-spinai vaicui"r ehooti wete not found' i;il;:- cord necrosis due to l E T p o i a g n P s i : . I n f a r c t , d i f f u s e ' s e v e r e , wg;"y i t h mtiit"t, i l d m u l t ispinar f o c a l hcord, e m o rHolstein' rhageand moderateperrpnffill histiocytic-initammation, eliorbsv--compatiblb with infarction' b;;iil; this case were bilateral diffuse malacia conference.Note. The lesions noted in tne-ventrar Asyrmetry was rootlets. ri"v or of the g""y *"ffin0 gray matter affected the of The oemaication scrne noted in the lesions in "*"riini'"r of a is.suooestive and """iionr.' is striking (De from the aOiacent-unaifecteOwniie-matter coid the-lpinal of u"".ufiirie vascular etiology. A revj.ew of-ine arterial the cord is nourished almost LaHunta, tgar) i6vears that the ;;;y;;aa-t 9r ventrai ianterior)_spinal artery, which tne exclusively by tne central brancF o',r flow in the ventral courses inside the spinal canal.. Oisruption oi the blood in this caseandspalethe white spinal artery couldprodme.th;-1e;ilni-slenfrom the ventral' radicular artery' matter because of the collaterir-"i""ur"ti-on gray and.whitg.. Lesions resulting directly trom-trauma would involve both the or embori resulting from minerarized matter. rn dogs with cartilaginori-"*oori, are more patchy than atheromatow pirquEi rr r".n in oirnetes mellitus, the resions those present in this case. would be a lesions seen in this case that mavbe the of age the that stated Doctor cork iniiifu insurt' arr or four d.y.. rn_theffil;;";;v;-"ti.i minimum ii,-tn, tinctorili"q"liitv'or-tn!'ti;;";;:. seenis a change tgiitti-ttiril however' rt oenerarrv, to ippear in the macrophag" foi days four of takes a minimum lesion, as in this case' of this cranial and caudal to the site and Examination of spinal cord sections seve"" u"nt"tify in caudal sections' injury would snoi felions to be most vlntral rootlets suggests rnt-i""ifing 9f ifte dorsal-ty in cranial-sections. retrograde flowl this iG; il:.tn axoprisilic anterograde of disrption "ontinJeo of organelles' results in suoslq*n[ t""*ulation I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t f o r c e f u l e x t r a c t i o n o f t h i s c a l f cipin"i a u s e dorood s u b ] . flow' u x a t i o Forceful nor comp""rrli fracture of the spinal column which then the with cord the arteriei entering extraction can arso resurt in "uuirion or tty-0" subtle and not be apparent at spinal roots. lnjury to the spinal column necropsy. is seen j'n somesections in this caset Mineralization Of the nervous tissue, asparticipants also noted mineralization Some can occur several hours after injury. in tn" walls of small blood vessels' of-Veterinary contrj_butor. Departmentof Veterinary PathobiologYr.college ghio 432LO. --columbus, Road, lgzs-cofiey Medicine' Ohio t"1"-[niu"rsity, Suggestedreading. pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma' I' The Balentine, ffi Invest ' 79: 2t6-251, l-978' necrotic lesion as a function 6'f vascular 1njuiy. l"?. ani Ctinical Neurology. Znd Ed' ' De LaHunt.,' n.:- veterinary Neuroanatomy Saunders& Co., 1981, P. 2O6. Griffiths, I. R.: Spinal cord injuries: A pathological^stu9y-ol^11turally L978' o""uriing lesions in the dog and cat. J. Comp.Path. 88: 7o3-7I5, Case II - 84-P-724 (AFIP 194567I)- old Suffolk ewe' The ewe was treated for three month! ago but continued to rub. She was presented with exteiffia-rasites ioss of wbol around the tailhead, hyperesthesia, mild hypermetria and sore oiiiicurty in prehension and swailowing. The ewe was euthanatized. The brain was removedairO promptly immersedin formalin. Gross Patholoqv. The denudedskin around the tailhead was thickened and reatffihesionswerepreSentbetweentheright1ungandribcage. Contributorrs Diaqnosis& Comment.Severechronic diffuse spongiform ence are provided. Sections of medulla or mesencephalon Lesions are well developed in this case. The size and frequency of neuronal cytoplasmic vacuoles in the Sonrevacuoles medulla are greater than that seen in most cases of ovine scrapie. Other empty. contain wisps or globules of eosinophilic material but most are - 2 - ReactiVe shrunken-andpyknotic neurons'Notethat angular, changes-1p|-ude degenerative respgP"- as-ilil'lr-in;oiir".E.biiar more-pronounced in someglay astrocytesare ioEniiri"br.e neuropilPili"[r"-"pongio"u.)'is tne but microcavitation-oi in-vilcnow-Robinspaces areas than others. 'ccasionar ,,J"""r"r""i-""rii-ii"ii Scrapieis a reportable disease' on 19 typical inflammatorychang"r."""-"5f".'t. in-rV-igaai ZZ positive sheep has conouctsthe eraoicaiii"-i""gttt' USDA-AeHrS a transmissiote,'filterable agent and farms were found. scrapie is ciuiJo-by p"ion."'-inieclivity is associated with a beencalrect an atypical virus, ii"oio-l," of nrcleic agen[*1i p9-oevoid weilht protein C..-iiloqqi gli-tneo""it rowmotecular ;;6;i1; isnrl as 2 short filaments' b6 rm acid. Bv Ey, scripie-associatel indiameterthatarewound"roundeachother.one-nvpothesisproposessAFtobe tFre etioLogic agent. diffuse' moderate' AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Degenerationand vacuolation' -neuronal' to moderate' with or"iffir-ss.,-#.oT; ovine. 2)'$;;siigT cnanlE,-9iily:t'^Tild etiorogy--compatible with mird astro"yto.i- ind occasronai-ia[erritosis,-brainstem, ovine scrapie. and the spongiform Conference Note. The neuronal vacuolation and degeneratj-on c n a n @ 1 i n t h i s S u f f o 1 k e w e a r e q , i t " i l a r k e d . f o r overy v i n esubtle s c r a pand i e . Ithe n moderator contrast, these changesin othei OreeOsire often to compareareas of the CNSwith stressed the need in many.utpE.tEO-lcrapie cases. The inferior corriculus, ventral simirar anatomical'areas in age-matchedcontroii.' inouio arways be examined. And, since dark shrunken tharamic nucr"il-ino-r"oru" n"r"i,nr') .an o" seen hiitologically in normal neurons with pyknotic nucr"i t;i"il 6riins should be comparedto normal brains, similai neurons in scrafie-.iiJli"O pathogenic agent.will controls. Neuronswhich are degeneratedas a result of a responsein- that area. Astrocytosis' almost arways be accompaniedbt-in-;;i"o"vti" a fi["-.pongiiorm-change'of the neuropil anb neuronal vacuolation, is characteristic finding in ovine scrapie. The incubation period of Lhe scrapie agent presents dif.ficulties in control of 1-2 the disease. rne a'geof onset in'mo"'" l.fiai lsx of affected animals is over seen. are signs clinical years before years; someanimifil noweverlive up_to.six. Such anj.malscould 6e asymptomatically incubating and shedding the agent manyyears after an outbreak. The nature of the causative agent is not yet known. A twisted particle which It forms into. beta-pleated sheets (atyJ.oid) has been associated with infectivity. particle, is twisted not the is it if agent, is possible, nowbver, that the true nner'etyentripped in tne amyloid sheet. The agent is knownto be very hydrophobic' makin6 it extrenrely resistant to disinfection and to environmental factors (f re e z i n g , d esi ca ti o n , e tc. ). ovine scrapie is histologically indistinguishable from Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in-man and from mink encephalopathy. The agent of the latter is not infective for mice but is infective for sheep suggesting the disease is a natural disease of sheep and that mink (and other species) are dead-endhosts. Contributor. rowa-ffi- Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Anes, - 3 - Suggestedreading. Barirger, J.R. et al.: Replication of the scrapie agent in hamster brain precedes neuronal vacuolation. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 42: 539-547, I98t. Diringer, H. et a1.: Scrapie infectivity, fibrils and low moleeular weight protein. Nature 306: 425-426, 1983. E h l e r s , B .; R u d o l p h ,R .; D i ringer , H.: The r eticuloendothelial systemi n scrapie pathogenesis. J. Gen. Virol. 65: 427-428, 1984. Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats -_ Hadlowl W.J. et al.: affected with natural. scrapie. Vet, path. 17: lB7-I99, 1980. - l'lackenzie, A. : Intrarreuronal enzymic inclusions in the histological diagnrosis of scrapie. J. Conp. Path. 94: 9-24, 4O5-4I5, 1994. l€rz, P.A. et aI.: Infection-specific particle from unconventionalslow virus diseases. Sei. 2252 437-44O, 1994. Prusiner, s.B. et al.: scrapie prions aggregateto form amyloid-like birefringent rods. Cell 15z 57-62, 749-358,-11a3. Zlotnik, I.: The histopathology of the brain stem of sheepaffected with natural scrapie. J. comp.path. & Therap. 69: 14g-166,1959. III - 8t-?97 A&B(z stides) (Arup 1948533). 2 kodachrome slides). ssues from a 2-yea emal-e tiaffithe doo was fine one night, then found comatosethe next morning. Another Scottie was kept 'u.r.9prr;;id.in.-,n"onscious doswas i:,:|".:.T fui; aiF"g taken to an I:T:!-I1'!,y191 emergencyclinic where tfrey identifieo nysiigmus,-anisocoriaand a rectar terperature of 94a F. Treatment.eonsistedof amoiiciitin, manniior ino intravenous fluids. Over the next 12 hours the_rectal temperature graduarly rose to 1000 F., the dog remainedunconscious, and vomited. The vomitus contained pi.eces.of a plastie bag (used to "paddled'r *i"p "thick slice baconr') that was coated with blackened-bacon-fat.ind what appeaieo to be mold. The vomitus had a sickening sweet odor like butyric acid. rub'anarys"r o" r"rpi"" were saved from the vomitus or plastic uJrap. rt was two-days before the dog courd recognize and react to its owner. The dog improved sl-owlv ou"i-tne next 5 weeks, point to the where it 'rmprovement could walk with assistance and respon-dto externar stopped, however,and at this time the dog was tetraparetic, stimuli. worse on the reft side and had somecervical hyperesthesia. The dog was killed and necropsieo approximately 60 days from the initial ilepisodef'. QtosS Patholo ffiI?:^:::':1^*..:n^':!:":|e1a1e.b1ackScottishterrieringood 33g'33$sffiIi!ry:-.:"!lil'.-iil;j;;-"n"i"i"#;:;!ffiil:'.l"Tff ."'j.iiiioii. ;ifi;:..iil']ffi,J:.:i aflheqi nn Eli l rlara l 'l ' r..--^r-r ^ - r l?ll,iili: ^.r.:l"l:=_11l :y,*"tricai-cl;ii"il;;;-Iru"ii=il;-:"ffi:l!="ffii!i"!"1 cingulate gyri (necroiis, malacia). Labordtorv Results. Serumlead and eholinesterase concentrations were oeteffir-inJ''.initi.rp"oor.''nowerewithinnormaIreference rarEe for the laboratory performing inE-af,;1t.;.. At the sametine liver enzymes (serum alanine aminotrantF"".i" anf alkaline'pnosphatase) h,eremoderately increased' Near the time oF nJcropsyno abnormalities were detected in a m y e l 0 g r a mc' B c, cri n i ca l ch e mi i tr y panel, and csF anar ysis. - 4 - Brain, caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus Contributor's ?iagnosis & and severe' cavitation, nectosis, neovasculSiiTffion, locally extensive Brain, cerebellum to severe ai-Oepfetion-oi-purkinje ce11s, multifocal, moderate ni Oibietion (thinning) of granular cell-layerr_moderate i) multifocal necrosii of eiternal granular cells d) status spongiosusof white matter Brain, vestibular iucleus - u""uofi" d"g"n"tation, bilaterally synmetrical; etioloEy-unknown. to wFratis .Thecentral nervous system lesions in this dog are.conparable terriels' blue Kerry described OV FrontgonetyiitO Stoiii, as. well as others'in sections microscopic Doctor Storts examinedkodachromesof the gross lesions and if not similar were from the brain ;i this dog and iuft tn. moiphologic leslons possible discuss Tnese authors identical to what he and Montgomeiyreporteb. mechanismsthat may-involve aitere-o neurotransmitter systemsin the cerebellar cortex and caudate nucleus. Cerebellar degeneration (abiotrophy) is not a recognized problem in the CNS scottish terrier breed. This dog nai iro clinical signi referrable to the dog to a "ceiebellar ataxia'r' pligl to finding the system, o" tp".ifi-ally well as comatose. furtnermoie, the dog was from a littei of five, and all FUPSras the sire and damano aif prior progeny have no knownproblems referrable to the C15.--in" possibilities of a heieOitaiy or viral etiology sge1 unlikely. V'/e.suspect thb orain lesions started at the time of the initial incident, steadily progressed and that sometoxin may be the primary cause. Weare Llnawareof any toxin that has produced comparablelesions'. The dog may also have had two separate problems, one t'he I'toxic-incident" that eventually lead- to her death, and secondly a cerebeilar abiotrophy that was never detected clinically. 1) Cavitation, multifocal, mildr grdY matter, cerebrum, [email protected])Neuronalce111ossanddegeneration,segmenta1, moderateto seveie, Purkinje, Golgi, and granular cells, cerebellr..nnt etiology--cqnpatibie with a severe hypoxic episode. 3) Neuronalce}I losst diffuse, mild, brainstem -AFIP Diaqnoses. ConferenceNote. Participants discussed the lesions seen in the histological sectffiib1einterre1ation,andpossib1eetio1ogy/etioIogies.The In the moderatorrs cavitati6n in the cingulate gyrus resemblesan old infarct. experience, such a cavitation in the depth of a sulcus is suggestive of decreased perfuiion. A thin rim of subpial neural tissue will be spared in manymild cases of ischemia.becauseof perfusion of somenutrients and oxygen into that area frqn the CSF. Nurnerousviable endothelial cells in and around the cavitation reflects their resistance to. such insults comparedto surrounding neuraL tissue. The slit-like cavitation and degeneration of the caudate nucleus (seen to be bilateral in gross photos) is surroundedby numerousintensely-eosinophilic elongate tapeiing bodies or I'spikes" which represent astrocytic processes called nosenthal fj.bers. . Thesesignify an intense astrocytic reaction. In this caset bilateral cavitatibn of the striatum is once again suggestive of an infarct' possibly due to thrombosis, or to arteriovenous malformation. In the vestibular nuclei there are diminished numbersof neurons accompaniedby MarkedPurkinje and granuLar cell loss is present, especlally astrocytic gliosis. near the tips of somefolia, while other folia appear normal. In the contributorrs experience, these histological findings are suggestive of partial cerebellar herniation. A1so, cerebellar herniation would increase pressure on the vestibular nuclei causing neulonal degeneration and eventual loss. Since all of the histologic lesions appear to be of essentialj.y the sare durationr they are probably the result of the sameprocess. In the moderatorts opinion they are due to a sing],s hypoxic episode. The areas of the brain most sensltive to hypoxia are fed by the anterior cerebral artery and include the hippocampus,striatun, and Purkinje cells especially at foliar tips. Lesions in the latter two areas are evident.in this case but the hippocampuscannot be evaluated. Initial treatment of this animal with mannitol indicates the clinician(s) thought it had cerebral edema. Cerebral edemacauses increased intracranial pressure, which $el_severe, causes tentorial herniation (hypotnermia, uneven pupils) and eventually cerebellar herniation. The cause of the proposed ieyere hypoxic episode can only be speculated. participants suggestedgastric dilitatibn or choke (plastic in the'rvomitusr') Some as possible causes. There is also a possibllity that tire putative nypoxia was related to an unknowntoxin as suggestedby the contiibutor. contributor.. veteiffilMEFine, Departmentof_Microbiology, Pathology & parasitology, School of North carolina state University, Rareigh, North carolina 27606. Suggestedreadino. @ndStorts,R.W.:Hereditarystriatonigra1and cerebello-olivary degeneration oi the Kerry blue tbrrier. ve[. patn. zo: I4t-I5g, L98t. . M o r r i s , J . H., a n d -sch o e n eh, l .c.: The ner voussystem . chaptet 29. r n Pathologic Basisof Disease.llg_id., Robbins, s.t-., cotran,R:i:,-xrrit v. (Ed s ) r . W . B.S a u n d e rs,I9 g 4 , p , I7 7 O. o l i v e r , J . E., Jr. a n d Gre e n e ,c.E.: Diseasesof the br ain. chapter 34. r n Textbook of VeterinaryInternal.Medieine; ' 0ii..... of the Dog& c;l:--ina-rj.,Ettinger,S.J. (Ed.), l{.8. Saunders Co., tiaj r- p. he}. ry' llssue llm a 7-year-oId spayed female Chocolate Point Siamese cat. progressive illness over a 2-week-period was characterized by ietnargy and decreased appetite. phvsicarexamination discroseocrJJr bubbrt-ilrJi iruio, coughing, weakness,ataxia, and a slight head tilt to the right. NeurologicaL examination revealed decreased greatest Loss in the left forerimb. eoth-opiic proprioception in all linbs with ano tactiLe placing reflexes were sl'owerin the 1:f!-tn3l the.right forerimb.'--nopping refrex was diminished more in the fore than in the hind diminished rimbi, reflex. and the left - 5 - forelimb again had the greatest There was no improvement after the administration The eat was euthanatized at ownerts request' I.V. of 1 gram/kg of marnitol j.nterpreted as normal. Laboratorv Resu1ts. Skull and thoracic radiographs were 4+ Proteinuria trA27 unlts HYPeramYlacemia 89% segs analYsis fluid SPinal 7 lymphs 19 tl{Bc 4 monocytes 22,176 RBC '7 PCV protein 87 rng.fr pressure - not recorded re cerebrunn,Siarese Diagnosis & Comment. Malignant ependymoma, both and mandibular right tes, catr node (sections a retropharyngeal and tumor cerebral the of retiopharyrgeal nodes, hdve been stained with HE). This is the first primary brain tumor of cats in the files of Angell Memorial Animal Hospital with noda] metastases. The neoplasminvolved the anterior right Its dimensionswere 3.8 x 1..5 x 1.4 cm. cerebral. hemispheremore than the left. It extended from above the optic chiasm adjacent to the third ventricle forward causing conpression of the lateral ventricles and elevation of the corpus callosum. It replaced muchof the frontal and olfactory lobes and both olfactory bulbs. Both ethmoid turbinates contained neoplastic thrombi. It caused focal lysis and lateral displacernentof the orbital process of the right frontal bone. Metastaseswere found in the right mandibular and both retropharyngeal nodes. Ependymalrosettes with demonstrableblepharoplasts by PTAHand Bielschowskysi.lver technics were the essential diagnostic features in both the primary and metastatic tumors. Contributor's Interstitial nephritis with sclerotic glomeruli vrasresponsible for the proteinuria. No,pancreatic lesions were found to explain an elevated serumamylase in the absenceof azotemia. AFIP Diagnosis. Ependymoblastoma, cerebrum, Siamese,feline. ConferenceNote. The discussion first centered around whether this neoplasmis [email protected] ball-like massesgenerally in the gray matter bordering on white matter. They then infiltrate out into the surrounding parenchyma. In this case, that pattern is mt seen and for that reason participants thought the neoplasmto be primary to the brain. A neoplasm of more fibrillar character would be expected in neoplasmsof oligiclenclroglial or astrocytic origin, due to their extensive processes. Participants did not find this turnor to be especially fibrillar in nature. The presence of many small neoplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei is reminiscent of germ cells and suggests a primitive-cell origin. In manyareas, however, neoplasticcells do showdefinite differentiation; cells line up to forn whorlsand rosettes around empty lurnina and sornepseudorosettes are forrned around vessels, or neuritic processes (Homer-Wrightrosettes). . more corrnonly, around pink fibrillar Special stains suggest the presence of blepharoplasts (basal bodies) in somecells although cilia are not present. Thesefindings are indicative of ependymal differentiation and since differentiation towards neural elementsis not seen, participants thought this neoplasmmost cl-osely fits an ependymoblastoma. - 7 - __TheDgOtl of Neuropathologythinks this is a primary neuroectodermaltunor differentiating along neuroblastic pathways. In their-experience, neoplasms arising.from_ependymalcel-ls break into the ventricles and are se6dedthroughout the brain. They prefer a diagnosis of neuroblastomaor primitive neuroectoiermal tumor. As a diff"""nir", diagnosis, choroid plexus papillomas are usually more intimately associated with the ventriculai system,'and the cells are usually cuboidalr-as.opposed to the tall columnarceils seen j.n this case. Ependym6mas and epenclymoblastomas. can deveLopsomestroma but a variety of special st'ains'is needed to diffenentiate tumor-produced stroma from preexistin! stroiira. It possible to deterrnine the origin of the pink fibril-lar material seenwas not between nests of turnor cells in this case. Contributor. MemorialAnimal Hospital, ,50 S. Huntington Ave., Boston, -Angell uassEcTGFEF-oZIto. Suggested readino. M.: Thalamic ependymoma ffiVandeveld€, in a white-tailed deer. Vet. Path. 15: Itt-ItS, 1979. R u b e n s t e i n ,L .J.: T u mo rs-o fthe central nervous system. Ail.as of Tunor Pathology. Secondseries. AmericanCancerSoc. and ArmedForces Institute of Pathology, 1972. Sa w r d e r s ,G.K .: Ependymoblastoma in a dairy calf. Vet. path. zr: 52g-529, t98t. Zackary,J.F:1.0'Brien, ..-.'' rntramedullary spinal ependymoma ?.p:t alg Fly, R.w.: in a_dog. Vet. path. lg: kgz-loo, 19g1." neoplasms .Zakir l.'A., and Hurvitz, A.r.j spontaneous of the centraLnervous system of the cat. J. sm. Anim.prac!. 17: 773-7g2',1976. DAVID L . F R I T Z ,V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary pathology Departmentof Veterinary patholbgy - 8 - Results AFIP WednesdaySlide Conference - No. 13 19 December 1984 Conference Moderator: R o b e rt M. K ovatch,D.V.M . Diplomate, ACVP ProgramResourees,IrE. Frederick Cancer ResearchFacility Frederick, MD 2I7OL (l kodachrome slide). o r 8354 (AFIP I9477I7 CaseI - 828I,8287,8?97,8335 rom rats Iey raE. l].ssues wereco . Z-year-old ma years. 2 for study toxicitY oral a chronic on that Gross Patholoqy. Dental malocclusion and/or dentaL fractures were found rreqffianima1s.Thesurfacesoftheincisorswerewhite,thickened or pitted. Frequently, the nasal, maxillary, frontaL or parietal borresof treated rats were white, thickened, and rough, comparedto those of the control animals. These changeswere bilaterally symmetrical and were quite obvious on the periosteal surfaces of tne bones forming-the roof of the cranial vault (photo). Contributor I s & Comment. Ameloblastic dysplasia, diffuser isural malformation, incisor, severet Sprague-Dawleyrat, rodentia. Subperiosteal hyperostoseS,diffuse, mild to rat, rodentia. moderate.(depending on section), cranial bones, Sprague-Dawley rat, Calciun fluoride granules, moderate, di.ffuse, bones and teeth, Sprague-Dawley rodentia. Inflammation, nonsuppurative, chronic, multifocal, with keratinized cyst (sofilesections only), nasoJ.acrimalduct, Spragtre-Dawley rat, rodentia. Etiology--chronic experi.mentaLfluorosis. These sections were pr6pared from tissue collected from rats that were given 10 or 25 ng/kg/daylos of sodium fluoride for 2 years. Although the sections were cut from several blocks, each slide showslesions that are expected in rats wj.th chronic fluorosis. The ameloblastic layer is dysplastic and characterized by irregular flattening and loss of ameloblasts, and herniation of ameloblasts into enamel. In sore sections there are inclusions of enameLin the ameloblastic layer. The ameloblastic Lesions were diffuse in these sectibns, but were multifocal and less severe in rats given Lower doses. Enamelwas lncomiletely and irregularly formed. The incisors were frequently malfonred as demonstrated by the irregular shape of the teeth. However,vre did not demonstratetreatment-related lesions in odontoblasts, predentin or dentin in our study. Subperiosteal hyperostoses were found frequently in cranial bones, ribs, sternum, and vertebra. The hyperostoseswere bilaterally synrmetrical and characterized by the subperiosteal proliferation of mature bone. In membranous bones, the new bone appearedto form diffuse sheets of lamellar bone that resulted in thickened bones with a rough periosteal surface. In sections submitted for this conference, the excessive bone proliferation is most obvious in dorsal portions of the frontal and maxillary bones. Becausethe subperiosteal deposition of new bone is often uniform, one must be familiar with the normal shape and thickness of thr bones or the microscopic lesions may be missed. Darkly eosinophilic or basophilic granules of variable size were scattered throughout the bones and teeth and are similar to those reported in previous studies in which rats were given fluoride sal-ts. The granuLesare calcium-fluoride (CaF2) crystals that precipitate whenformalin-fixed tissue is routinely decalcified in the presence of fluoride ions. These granules are not biologically important except to indicate that fluoride is present. Cementlines are prominent becausesmall CaF2crystals are precipitated in those areas. The mucosal and submucosa of the nasolacrimal ducts contained variable numbers of lymphocytes,mast_cells, and macrophages.In addition, a keratinized cyst is found in nasolacrimal duct of somesections. The lesions in nasolacrimal bucts were not causedby sodiumfluorlde. 1) Hyperostosis, di.ffuse, mild to moderate, with calcium I rruori.cle granules, cranial bones, Sprague-Dawleyrat, rodent, etiology--compatible with-fluoqosis 2) Ameloblastic dysplaiia, bilateral, diffus6, moOerile, wiln caLciun fluoride granules, enamelotgan, incisor (pei contriOutor) 3) Inflamrnation, mononuclear,miId, Iirfuse, wiLh areas or iquamousdifferentiation and keratin cysts (not present in all sections), nasoLacrimalduct. AFIP Diaonoses. -- Conference some_participants preferred a diagnosis of osteopetrosis over h y p e f f i d . ( 1 9 7 ' _N9!+ 8),how'ever,defineshyperos[osisasbonehypertrophy which results from mechanisms other thin those of iOaptive-reJonstructibn; fLuorine polsoning is given as a cause of a hyperostotic process involving bone r"io"piiot and regeneration.. Osteopetrosis on the other n9ho, is probably best knownas a sequela of retrovirus-induced hyperostosis in birdi; it is iiio r""n as a specifie entity in various animal species and is often thought lo be congenital. Most participants thought the scalloped appearanceof the enamelorgan was . to.segmental hyperplasia oi ameloblastsiwnich'were sometimespiled up 5no -- due undulating). Enamelwas absent in somesections. The differential- diagnosis discussed included toxicities due to fluoride, zinc, eremental phosphorus, hypervitami.nosisD3 or ; ;i;;t-;iin ry-ril<e activity. . Contributor- lead, The Procter & GambleCompany,Miami VaJ-J-ey Laboratories, p.0. Box 1e175,-eiiidTfrfrE:fi, ohio 45241 . Suggested readino. tsuckrw.B.r 0sweiler,G..?-.,...va1 Gelder,G.A.: clinical andDiagnostic veterinary Toxicol!9y, publ. K6ndallTHunt 6o.-, J,976rFp. eg-il'. sutro, C.J.: Changesin the teeth and bone in 6nibnic fluoride poisoning. Arch. Path. 19: I5i-173, 1935. w a l t o n , R -E ., E i se n ma n nD, .R.: Ultr astr uctur al examinationof var ious gf 3mglooenesisin the rat iollowing parenterat fluoride aominisir"ii"il-"q""i.s tages Oral Bio. 19: I7l-IgZ, 1974. - 2 - Vol' I, t{oodard,J.c.: Bones. In Pathologyof_L.aboratoryAnimals. Spr inger - Ver lag,1978, pp 740' Bern i s c h k e ,K. , Ga rn e r, F .M., Jo ;;;-i:6.- tr Oi.) , 757-758. enameland Yaeger, J.A,: The effects of high-fluoride diets on developing dentrin in the incisors of rats. nm.:. Anat. 1182 665-684,1966' -old female RhodeIsland red chickens (Gal1us 'newly hatched chicks from a fne-oGer received a shipment of : 2 ;rr*iilffiifr'natcnery11 dayspreviously. Lossesstaiteo inrmediatelv.:?X percent. 50 !P^!]f gvrrpg9-Ywr. live and 2 dead birds were submitted ior diagnosis losses had reached iign. of illness were not observed until snoitty before death. Prostration and opisthotonus predominated. Gross pathoLoqy. Hearts were enlarged and waxy-white. There v{asa small amouffiardia1f1uid.Sp16enswereenIargeds1ight1y.Pa1efociup to Z mmin diameter were noted in lungs. Cecumswere distended with caseouscasts. Results. Salmonella pullorum was cultured from pericardial fluidt Proteus also grew in profusion rive@w@faces. Laboratory, Veterinaffivices National The from Liver.' on meiia inoculated strain. standard pullorum the as isolate S. the Iowa typed Ames, APHIS,USDA, *Laboratorv Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment. Myocarditis, chronic, diffuser severe, due standard strain. to i Pul1orumdiseaffi-dtoare1ative1yeffectivecontro1program since L975 and is no longer the subject of muchinterest to diagnosticians. A survey of medical indices back to 1975 produced2 referencesr one to pullorun disease in the Somati DemocraticRepublic. However,the disease persists among chickens raised by hobbyists, and as in this example, occasionally intrudes upon a cormercial hatchery. It remains a diagnostic ehallenge. Multiple tissues are. affected (heart muicle, pericardium, lungs, Iiver, large intestine and gizzard) with necrosis, abscessation and diffuse inflammation. The birds submitted in this of case had severe vasculitis with perivascular cuffing and leukocyte infiltration adjacent brain, principally in and around the cerebellum. Heart was selected for submission not becauseit provides cLues to a diagnosis but as an exampleof the extreme degree to which tissue damagemay be attributable to this organism. AFIP Diagnosis. Islan@hEfn', Myocarditis, granulomatous,diffuse, severe, heart, Rhode avian, etiology--compatibie with Salmonella spp. ConferenceNote. In the moderatorts opinion the modifier of granulomatousis inap@theinf1arrmation1acksmu1tinuc1eatedgiantcelIs.|tbst participants thougrhtthe severeinfiltration of the heart by a relatively pure be confused with Marekrs disease or population of macrophagescould initially however, began dying at sevetal days of case, The birds in this lymphoid leukosis. signs do not show clinical usually disease with Marekrs age. Birds afflicted pleomorphic population with cells is The neoplastic cell Oefore 2-3 months of age. Lymphoid leukosis usually affects older ranging from sma1l to medium in size. birds 14-15 weeks of age; the neoplastic cell population is rnonornorphicard composedof large blast cells. - 3 - Infection by Salmonellapullorum maybe histological']Y indistinguishable frcrn paratyphoid (S.'ty-FF:itffi h-offiommoniy) and typhoid (S. geflilalgm). Acute only'seen.ifr-y6fns-bTitld-(lessthan I usuiity-affect noio E;;;;'5i-p"riai"r'5 """ growingor maturebirds preferentially may' typhoid weekg),whereas (Whiteman,Bickford; 1979). Although S. pullorum is knownto elaborate a toxin which is highly pathogenic for somesFecles-iffiFEnan chickens, the toxj-n produces no syttptons when introduced'into chicks by any route. The disease is therefore thought to be due to septicemia rather than to toxemia (Snowyenbos,1978) Contributor. Department of Veterinary Science, University :0, Ttid$ififfibna'8572I. of Arizonar Bldg. Suggestedreading. C a r l t o n , W.W,a n d H u n t. R .D.: Bacter ial-diseases. Chapt 14. In Pathology of Laboratory Animals. VoI. II, Benirschke, K., G a r n e r ,F . M . , J o n e s ,T I C . ( E d s . ) r Sprirger-Verlag, 1978, p. 1444. Gillespie, J.H. and Timoney,J.F.: Haganand Bruner's Infectious Diseasesof DomesticAnimals. 7th Ed., Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 90. Snoeyenbos,G.H.: Pullorum disease. In Diseasesof Poultry. Hofstad, M.S., Calnek, B.W., Helmboldt, C.F. et al. (Eds.f, lowa State University Press, 1978, pp. 80-100. I t l h i t e ma nC , .E . a n d B i ckfo rd , A.A.: Avian DiseaseManual. Bar nes,H.J., EckroadeR , . J . , F l e t c h e r , 0 . J . e t a l . ( E d s . ) , ColoradoState University Press, L 9 7 9 , p , 9 6. Case III - 84-8221 (AFIP 1948001). old female Angus. Four of I00 cattle ill over period of 3-4 weeks, each with crusty dermatitis over face, neck, back, perineum. salivation and dyspneain some. Two died after illness of 1-2 weeks. Gloqs Pathology. Multifocal grayish nodules and or streaks in renal cortex, adreffiortex, and mfocirdium. Contributor' s MorohoLooicDiaonoses. SKJ.n,dermatitis, granulomatous. Heart, myocarditis, granulomatous. AFIP Di?9noseg.- 1) Myocarditis, granulomatous,eosinophilic, multifocal, moderate, with multinucleated giant cells and myofiber degeneration, heart, Angus, bovine. 2) Dermatitis, subacute, eosinophilic, diffuse, mitO to moderater'skin, ' etiology--corpatible with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa notn) toxicosis. 3) Sarcocysts, muLtifocal, myoiardium. Conference |!9!q. Discussion of the lesions centered on the giant cell popuffiticipants'thoughtthereweretwotypespres5nt.l)0nebeing classical Langhans'cells involved in inflammation, and',2) the other, which are sometires elongate, and containing numerouslntensely e6sinophilic arinules, suspected of being degenerated, attenuated myofibers. fne lesions in tne st<in resemble those seen in allergic dermatitis. - 4 - multinucleated giant cells' in the -ii-"onridered The presence of numetousintralesional characteristic of hairy vetch absenceof an infectious agent, said to resemble those seen in The lesions in lome'""i"i-i"" toxicity. fever, and even marignant lymphoma' tuberculosis, malign"nt-""ilrrnj an -The first is Three synclromesale associated with hairy vetch toxicity' irpestion with associated acute fatal neuroJ,ogic disease i"t"*niinO 1"bi"t, qF is discnarge, nasai -mucousrprnbrane of the seeds arone. The seconO-coniisis-of witn inflanmation of the congestion and subcutieular sweLii.€t it is associated The third syrdrore is tiver, pn.u*ili."ino-.-y"iro*iln forestomachs, brorahitir, grazed hairy vetch pastures for seen in ca.ttre usually ouer l-y"jis-olO which have and edemaof several weeksl the primary tinOing; ;; OJrmatitis, conjunctivitis' (includinp multinucleated gr eyelids. Eosinophilic granuf6r.lor. infiltratis Oermi6' The mortality anO in th6 kidneys, heart, .it.nii giant celts) reaches 5O%.'"""-i"il the The toxic principle has not been elucidatedl -an attempt to reproduce one been recently has There cattle v{asunsuccessfur. oiseasl experiheitiriv-i" species other (Anderson, 198t). Divers, report of hairy veicn'toxicity'in including man. it nas been reported that seeds of Vicia are also toxic to animits"-no"re or the frants contaln-cyanogenicglycosides and other Ino6"tlil""-po"iions potential toxins. Hemolytic anLmiaknownas favism is seen in people who ingest the bean of V. ftpg. Contributor. College of Veterinary Medicine, 0klahomaState Universityt 74078. stifi@homa Suooestedreadinq. fAnderson, f i r V e r s , Tc. J . : S y s t e m i c g r a n u } o m a t o u s i n f 1 a r r y n a t i o n i n a h o r s e grazing nairi vetch. J. Am. Vet. Med.'Assoc. I1V:. 569-57A,I?8t. " . Ke i r , L . A.r-E -w a rd s,l ,l .C .: H air y vetch poisoningof cattle. Vet. M ed./ SmAn. C1in. 257-258, 1982. panciera, R.J.: Hairy vetch (Vicia viI]osa Roth). Poisoning in_Cat!f:. Press, L978, pp 555-561. Effects of P6isonous P1ants on tivEffi-eXldldemic p a n c i e r a , R .J., Jo h n so n ,L ., Osbur n,B.I.: A disease of cattle gr azing h ai r y v e t c h . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. 1 48: 804, 1966- Case IV - Ildt (AFIP 1849457). out of n1Sx,o3V.rffi/2YeeRo1dfema1eHerefordca1f.Twoca1ves anorexia, labored breathing, and elevated ternperaturesof l07o tr 10 cEFhTO Clinical signs appeareilapproximately 2 weeksafter birth and death usuaLly occurred within 3 days. GrossPathology.Theanterior-ventral aspectsof the left andright apical and card@redarkred,firm,andedematous.Theabomast.rn,smaI1 intestine, and large intestine contained abundantwatery yellow green material. - 5 - Laboratory Resufts. ffialfluid) Parasitology: Negative. : Adenovirus identified by electron microscopy' Microbiology: Liver, sPleen: No growth. Lung: alpha Strep, rough E. n n ] i Intestine: alPha Strep. Contr I IS9M-C-] .V Mr/v ild;i;G-t;tnp#i;-n""iorii. - 1) Moderate acute to subacute multifocal hultifocal necrotizing splenitis with J) SevereacutemultifocaLnecrotitilg,llPh?9.:iiti: lymphoia recrosis. 4) Vascular thrornbosisr.liver, spleen, lymph node' ;iatnpoeritb i) fntr"nuclear'ainorphous basophilic inclusions, endothelial and reticuloendothelial cells, liver, spleen, lymph node' Etiology: Adenovirus. 1) Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute, multifocal, mild to basophilii intranuclear inclusion bodies, 1iver,-Hereford, mooei;ffiIififfi[rous and lyinphadenitis, necrotizing, acute, diffuse, mild, with b;;il;:-'zj-ipfenitis multifocal basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodiesl'spleen and lymph node. 7) Depletion, lympi'roid, diffuse, moderate, spleen and lymph nodel etiology--corpatible with adenovirus. AFIp Diaqnoses. --* ConferenceNote. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are seen primarily in cells of tneffiiaJ.system;inthe1iver,however,inc1usionsareoccasiona11y present in hepatocytes. ihe vascular thrombosesnoted by the contributor are not present in any sections examinedby partlcipants. Bovine adenovirus (BAV) nas been incriminated as an etiologic agent in calves with respiratory and enteric infections and in cattle with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (ttenzootic diarrheal diseasert). The virus is isolated from norrnal cattle, and overt disease due to BAVis thought to be uncomlDn. ilinically Ten serotypes have been isolated to date, and of those, two (types 3 and 5) are more pathogenic than the others. BAVis also thought to be the cause of "weak calf syndromeilof neonatal calves, which is characterized by subcutaneousand synovial Iesions of the legs and by gistrointestj-nal disease. Cutlip and McClurkin (1975) found herd morbidity in areas of the northwestern U.S. to range from 6-15%with mortality ranging from 60-80%in untreated calves. Other authors think that BAV infection is aided by inadequate colostrum intake or by concunent infection with IBR and BVD(Thompson,Thomson,Henry, 1981). This is especially likely since inun.rnologicincompetenceis thought to be a factor in equine and hr.manadenoviral diseases (Bulrner, Tsair- Little, L975) Tl'relesions in calves are attributed, by most authors, to BAVinfection of endothelial cells with resultant vasculitis, thrombosis, and subsequentischemic necrosis of dependenttissues. These Lesions differ from those in foals and pigs in which adenovirus incl,usions are usually seen only in epithelial cells, and results in a less severe di.sease, There has been considerable interest in bovine adenovirus type , (BAVl) as a result of its oncogenic capability and due to the 25%homologybetweenthe DNAof BAV, and humanadenovirus type 5. - 6 - UniversitY of Illinois' Suoqestedreading. ffi.S.,Ll!!19r-P.?:i.Adenovirusinfectionintwoca1ves. L9.75' -iesions J. Am. Vet. t',tei. Ass6c- 166z 27V-238, and pathogenesis-ofdisease in young A..W.i McClurkin, R.C., CutJ-ip, [ype 5-isolated from a calf calves experimentally induced OV-i Oo"lne adenov!'ius with weak carr svnJi6r". Am. J. Vet. Res. 36: 1095-1098,\975Diseasesof -itnand Tj.monei,!.F.: Hagan& Brunerti Infectious Gillespie, J.H., -0., Corn6lt Uniuersity Press, 1981, p' 515' Domesticgnimafs. with adenovirus' 0rr, J.P.: Necroti.zi!6 enteiitis in a caif infected Can. Vet. J. 25t 72-'74, 1984. J.G., L u p ton,- H.W .: IsOlation of bOvineadenovir usty pe R e e d ,D . E . , V ,l h e e l e r, I968-L97I, L978' -- calves with fn"u*oni" ani et'ie"ili.s. Am. J. Vet. Res. 39: tr from T h o m p s o nR.e , l ,-fn o msJn ,G.!., and^Henr y,J.N.: Alim entar y act 68-7I, I97L' manifestations of bovine adenovirusinfectibns. Can. Vet. J. 222 D A V I DL . . F R I T Z ; V . M . D . Captai-n, VC' USA Registry of VeterinarY PathologV Departmlnt of Veterinary Pathology - 7 - Results Co1f9len9e - No' 14 Slide AFIP V{ednesday 9 JanuarY L98fg' Conference Moderator: Jerrold M. Ward,DVM'PhD Diplomate ACVP Laboratory of ComparativeCarcinogenesis National CancerInstitute FCRC,Bldg 538 Fred6rick, luD 2I7OL and7 (nrrP 1945149) age t| r\;r\.unrat was injected at 2 monthsof inu N:NIH nth-otd femare rnu/rnu age. It developed wasting disease at 10-11 monthsof lurea. Grosq-&!h9]ggL.Lungs-didnotcollapse,diffuselydiscoloredand consolidated. pneumoni'a'Pneumocystis lnterstitial Contli ..catlnll. -Tfi:is due, rat was one of three injected with NMUand which developed Pneumonia. arthough No other nuoe rall-in tne colony developed.this_pneumonia to p. carinii. The3 rats had the pneumonia oi-oacterial bronchopneumonia. within foamy material of sanreatypical leiions for e. carinii, i.e. -few area's stainins' GMS with orgal+sm. this witn atveori, tne cralliitlr'r""r5'n=amitJo It"nffi:*virar miny-oiganist" cin-OJ seen' frequently individually AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Pneumonia,interstitial, within alveoLi' granulomato.us,multifocal' .'i!1. i n t r f f i i I i c i o r m i 'iJdilG; , - r L n g , r n u / r n u t . t i t . t i H r a t , r o d e n t . ? ) t - v P n a d e n i ' t i s ' lyrpn node. diffu6e, m66erate, with numerouseosinophils, giinulomatous, ConferenceNote. The discussion centered on the lung lesions which were c o n s f f i t i ci p a n tsto b e a typ i ca 1 ^ofpneumocystosis.Thehoney- com bed i o a n r v _ ma te ri ,a 1 *n i E n _ tvp i baU.yfi11sa1v' eo1iinW - infectionison1yse en than seen in rareiy in these sections. Thl numberof organisffi-ilfffess the that participants speculated iypicif cases of pneumocystosis. Some the that and mechanisms, defense host by pn-ewpiysiosis was being'resolved possibly virus. a causes' other to been due have may inflammati6n interstitial The differential diagnosis included histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis' Most animals which develop clinieal mycoplasmosisand Sendai-virus infection. pizunpcystosis are irrnune suppressed;in thj.s case, th9 rats were given.an The in*,no.i,ppressive drug (nitrbsomethyiurea) 9 monthsprior to their sacrifice. not be therefore relation bf tne drug [o the lesions present in this case can determined. found in rats' even Bronchial associated lymphoidti.ssue (BALT)is normally normal mice' The in. nude rats such as the N:NIHstrain. BALTis not prominentto be less than'normal moderator considered the arnountof BALTin these sections intra- and indicating somelymphoiddepletion. Beaverand Jung-(1984),describe ultrastructural on based extracellurar pnaiti oi the life fvcre-or Pneumocysfis studies of the lungs of Youngrats. Contributor. Laboratory of ComparativeCarcinogenesis,Frederick Cancer NrH, Frederick, Maryland,2r7orneseffi grooested reading. ffi,R.C.andCupp,E.W.:Clinica1Parasito1ogy.9thEd.' Lea - & Febiler, L984, I67-L7O. pnetrmonia' CnanOlirr'f. W., Frenkel, J. K. and Campbell,W. D.: Pneumocystis Am. J. Path. 95: 57I-574, 1979. infection Frer*<e1,J. K., GoodiJ. T. and Shultz, J. A.: Latent Pneumocvstis tSSg-fW96T of rats, relapse, and chenntnerapy. tq6. invest. tS N. 6., Caison, J. L'.; Collier, A._M.: Ultrastructural observationsof Henshaw, pner.mcystii carinii attachmentL6 rat lun6. J. Infect. Dis. 151: 181-186' 1985. f f i i i t i c D i s e a s e s i n t h e - L a b o r a t o r y R a t . . Y o 1 : . l r ( H . J . - B a k e rL?79t ' tLy.tL-7'-.. Press, New.York, J.R. Lindsey, S.H. Weisbroth,Eds.), Academic Vol. IV' J. Protozoa. Parasitic In Pn6umocystlq. fr.: Aikawa, T.'t',t. and Seed, Fress, TffiTRl. P. K;Gi (Ed.i, Academic hospital with spayedfemale springer spaniel lrraspresented to a a depression of about a complaint of anorexia and Physical examination revealed hepatosplenornegaly and icterusr . monthts duration. and a mass in the right inguinal mamrnaryg1and. The owner elected euthanasia and the animal was neerdpsied at the clinic. Gross Patholoqv. A 1x2 cm ulcerated skin lesion was noted on the left carpus. [email protected] contained a 6 cm white mass. Mucousmembranes,fat and viscera were stained yellow. The liver was enlarged, bulge on section and stipled with 1-2 nrn The spleen-wai swollen and dark. The left renal cortex contained iray-rvfrite foci. i +- cm yellow caseopurulent mass. Large numbers of heartworms were found i.n the right alriun and ventricle, pulnnnary arteries and vena cava. The left Oiiphragnatic lung lobe hail a 2 cm nodule in the parenchyma. It had broun-white caseous appearance on section. Laboratory ResuLts. ffi' Bilirubin Neutrophils Bands Lymphocytes Monocytes Platelets 1.9 mg/dl - 2 - 8]% 15 1% none _ 25xLO2 Contributor's Diaqnosi-s& Comment. acute-subacutenecrotizing hepatitis' MDX: LiVCr Z) UifO stbacute multifocal nonsuppurativepericholangitis' 3) Intrahepatic bile stasis. ai Uinimal multifocal extramedullaryhematopoiesis' Diagnosis: Tyzzerrs disease. Etiology: Bacillus pilifgrm*:. Disseminateoihroughoutthesectionof-iiVmquent1y coarlsiing foci of neciosis surroundedby j-ntense infrannnatory infiltrates octasional hepatocytes at the margins of some pilm"rilv-oi-neutrophirs. il;Gii"g nectotic areas contain faint criss-crossing patterns. Kupffer cells are frequently distended with yellov{-greengranular pigment (bile?). Bile canaliculi are moderately abundant iiequentiy plug6ed -En witfr nitel Scatteiei portal areas contain and granulocytic occasional sinusoid contains erythroid, plasmaceils. megakaryocyticprecursors. The renal lesion histologi.cally was a necrotizing granulomatousreaction assocj.atedwith i fungu" naving slbnder dichotomouslybranching, septate hyphae JonpatiOle in morphol6gywith Aspergillu:. AIso present in the kidney were masswas a mixed The mammary coiiainingffiaEtieTarvae. ;rliipG-gr-nufomis embolismof previous verminous a represented pufmJn"ry"lesion fh; tumot. maflnary by ingesting rodent fecal inunitis. The animal was apparently infected oi"oiiiaria contaminatedfeed. Special sta1ns confirmed the presenceof intracell!}ar, criss-crossing Bacillu??1I+I9g+:. II1T:::' in morphology.with oacteiia-compatible rod-sFraped animals. Fr€quenEry disease'usually affects young and weakened, S.rrnunocompromised is also preient] unfortunately, the GI tract was not examined by the an enteritis The source of the mycotic nephritis was not determined. submitting practitionbr. AFIp Diaonosis. Hepatitis, necrotizing, subacute, multifocal, eton6EF|nt:Etarbaci11i,1iver,springerspaniel,canine, with Bacillus piliformis. etiology--compatible moderate, with Conference Note. In some sectj.ons there are varying amounts of herprrhage . The granulomatous response associated with most necrotic within necroti.c was c6nsidered by participants to indicate a more chronic and unusual, is areas di.sease course than is usually seen. in'the foal, for instance, acute necrosis with minimal inflarmation is typical. Tyzzerts disease has only been reported several times in the dog and^is thought to be'acq.rired by contacting- or ingesting rodent feces containj-ng bacterial loca1 proliferation of organisms is thought -to_take spores. Followihg infectioi, subsequent spread to the liver following cells'with piace in intestinil epitne1iil Colonization of the hepatic parenchymaresults in multifocal conditions. itressful nipiiic-neiiosis presunablyas the result of an unidentified toxin. In rodents and Iagornorphs,spread to the heart is also seen and thought to occur via the lynphatics. Contributor. uissiffiFFffiate, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762. - t - fuooested readinq. ffier,F.M.andq9ne?r^I..9.(Eds.):Patho1ogyofLaboratory Vol.'II,'Springei-Verlag, 1978, 1380-1'84' Animals. Greene,C. E. i btinicar uici6oiorogy ano Infectious Diseasesof the Dog and Cat. U{.B. Satnders, 1984, 628-629. poonacha,K.-B:i' rrr"iui"iiy o""u"ring Tyzzer's disease as a corqrlicatign 9! distemper ani mycoiic pn"rmonii in a dogl .:. nm. Vet. Med.Assoc. 169z 4I9-42O, L976. Qtrereshi,S. R.: Tyzzersdiseasein a dog. J. Am.Vet. Med.Assoc' 168: 6o2-60,4,L976. Case III - 12-97539 or I2-075V7 (AFIP 1945165)- LBlc nu/+ llpuse. The damof this mousffiedethy1nitrosoureaintraperitoneal1yonday16ofgestation.The fndrsewas sacrificed at 15 monthsold. Gross Pathology. lvtrltiple nodules were found throughout the lungs. of the lung Cmtributorts Diagnosis & Comment.I) Papillary adenocarcinomas ( o f S o 1 i d a d e n o m a s o f t h e 1 u n g ( o f a 1 v e o 1 a r t y p e II celL origin). t) Hyperplasiaof alveolar macrophages. have been described as derived frcrn Clara cells me papillary adenbcarcinomas (Kauffman, 1979). Our investigation of the immunocytochemistry of these and other pulnnnary tunors of the mousehas revealed that these tumors contained the apoprotein of surfactant but no Clara cell antigens. Thesefindings suggest that these tr-rnorsare derived from alveolar type II celLs. papillary and solid, lung, BALB/c,mouse, Adenocarcinoma, ConferenceNote. Participants noted several morphologicpatterns within this puhffi1nsomeareas,thetumorappearSsoJ-id,andathigher magnification neoplastic ceLls can be seen to line alveol-ar septa and eventually fiU tfe alveolus. Such a pattern is described for alveolar tumors of type II pnarrpnocytes described by Kauffman(L979). In other areas, the tunor consists of papillary or tubular arrays and correspondswith the Clara cell neoplasmdescribed by Kauffman. Aside from morphologic differences seen at the light microscopic level, these two types of neoplasmswere further differentiated by Kauffmanbased upon ultrastructural morphology. In a study (l{ard et a1., 1985) by the moderator, whocontributed this case, all areas of this neoplasn are negative for Clara cell antigen and positive for surfactant apoprotein, suggesting even papillary neoplasmsare &rived from type II pneumrocytes. However,as pointed out by the moderator, cells from papillary neoplasmsmay be Clara cells which have not yet producedClara ce1l antigen. The inportance in differentiating solid from papillary tumors resides in their biological behaviors: solid tumors grow very slowly and are considered benign, while papillary tumors grow and invade very rapidly and are considered malignant. Both the solid and papillary neoplasmsof mice bear somemorphologic similarities to bronchioloalveolar carcinomasof man. - 4 - The supra-numerous alveolar macrophagesi.n alveoli typically seen in mice with multiple lung turnors' Contributor. neseEiffiE surrounding the tumots are Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesi-s, Frederick Cancer NrH,Frederick, Maryrand,zr'/oL. gJqqested reading. f f i , C . H . a n d W a n g , [ . M : : A m o r p h o 1 o g i c . c 1 Lab.-Anim. a s s i f i c a tSci. i o n o12i f 638-647, femalemice. in BALBT; alveolar-bronchi6lar-ne6ptasms L982. Kauffman,S. L.: Histogenesisof the papillary Clara celI adenoma. Am. J. Path. LOiz 174-180' 198L. Kauffman,S. L:, Alexander,L. and Sass, L.:_ Histologic_andultrastructural of the mbuselung. Lab. Invest 40:7o8-716, features of the Clara ce1l adenoma L979. localization I{arct,J. M., singh, G., Katyal, s. L.-9t a}:: Irrnunocytochemical and induced chemically antigen_in Ciara eeI1 anb ap6piotein surfactant of the 1985). (rn 1I8: Path. press Am. J. naturally occurring'pulmonaryn"opi"rms or mice.- Sprague-Dawley male rat that was one of 600 2:ye-r carcinogenicity study;-clinical signs.pliol 1o "1?lllig: ; " il;i"dfi-poiterioi faral.ysis, brown biscot6ied urine and slight body welght loss. Cmtributor's DiaOnosis& Comment.Stemcell leukemia characterized by marked p r o r m a r r o w ( 1 u n b a r v e r t e b r a e ) w i t h e n c r o a c h m e n t cold. pinal o f s-Elioiogy _ _ _! L! 1 _a . .. !L^! - .,r -. .of stem ce].1 leukemia is not knownl however, possibility that a virus (rnouseleukemia virus) maybe involved. Three cases oF itirn c611 leuxemia were found, one in each control, mid-and high of each. dose giorps of a-carcinogenicity study, consisting of 600 rats. The age paralysis posterior of 6 ilonths,-with typicar clinical signs ""i-*ii-aiproxim"iJiv anOprim# involvembnt of boni marrow, liver and spleen in each case. AFIP Diaqnosis. stem cell neoplasia, vertebral body and liver, sprague-Dawley rat, ConferenceNote. Neoplasticcells in both the vertebral bodyand liver have ...nffipraiin,andp1eo[E$hi9nuc1eiwhichareindentedand to demonstrate deformed. Nucrei 6iiEn n"u" larle nucrboH and special stains failfindings are these moderator, the of .Vtopiairic granulis. In the exferience and cells blast of nuclei round the to iiggEiiiue oi stemcells, in contrast ,ovEioio-"itts. The modeiatorfurther stated that eventhe slightest amountof are wi1]. eausedistortion of roundnuclei, and that blood smears [i..*-.utolysis the --'- onty proier meansof determiningcellular rnorphology._ is basedupon TG'Oiaghosisof stemcell leukEmiain youngSprague-Dawley.rats rats less in leukemias spont'aneous ce1ls.the lack of peroxidasein neoptaiiic young than I year old are tegaxded as rate; the occuirence of stem cell - 5 - leukemj'a in rats (rEan age 180 days) is reminiscent of childhood spleen and bone marrow is of tne iivir, infiltrati.on is most extensively marrow The bone leukemias. iell peicentage of rats show evidence of CNSinvolvement, Contributor. Sterling-l'linthrop leukemias. cellular an outstanding feature of stem ihvolved, and a t-tigh as is seen in this case. Researeh Institute, Rensselaer, NewYork 12144. Suooested readinq. ffies,P.C.andTennant,R.|{.:Spontaneousstemce1I in'young Sprague-Oawleyrats. Lab. Invest. 262 419-428, 1972. leukemia Swaen, e.:.Vl ahO Van Heerde, P.: Tumoursof the haematopoie!1c system._ In Pathology'of Tr.moursin Laboratory Animals. VoI. 1- Turnoursof the Ralr V.S.__^ Internatiilnal ngency for Research on Cancer, L973, p. 188. Turusov-(Ed.-in-chief), D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary PathologY Department of Veterinary Pathology - 6 - Results AFIP V{ednesdaYSlide Conference No' 15 L6 January 1985 Conference Moderatol; Miriam R. Anver' D . V . M . Diplomate ACVP ClementAssoeiatest Inc. 1515 l{ilson B1vd. Arlington, VA 22209 Case I - ffiear-old -obstruction male boxer dog with a history of upper by.-;oiioo"r"attaihA6 !ng.91'9"11i1:"T+^::1"::ro:"ll: andwhite sraw-colored conta:.neo-teiatinous iffiEi:"ffit":3::ffiHi";i ;d;:--it materi.al. (25nm x 5nrndianeter) was Gross Pathology. A circular flange of soft tissue The cut smoothand grey; the other was rough and dark. rounffi surfaces were firm and fibrous. of this cyst contributor's Diagnosis & conrnent. The histological appearance * " r r a t e a i i r i u a r i s e c r e t i o n . T h(C.E. e s Harvey i t e d et e al', s c r L987; i b e d is one of the less corunonones for salivary mucocefl ' Huffana and Arehibaldn L964i Harvey, 1981) --..^ is : seen. r-.,aa a,,rran6 is surface One tissue connective A section or-[vpJiemi" fiorovi36urar this are partly covered by unremarkablestratified squamousepithelium' Beneath is flat surface The other 'eosinophilic salivary (rnrcus) acini, ducts .nO-. few lymphocytes' on rests that material forned by an it""gu1"i'accunnutation oi nyiUne plentiful is a thick 1ayer of inflamed granuliiion tiisue in which thereepitheriurn. The hyaline henosideri.n. rn piaces-in6 surrace bears somestratified and PASstains' surface material ;!g|G n.if.f' foi mucuswith mucicarmine and AFIP Diaonosis. cySt (mucocele), with surrounding chronic inflanmation g"anffipnirynx(percontributor),boxer,canine. pinf. ny9lin conference Note. The discussion centered on the identity of the ' " t " f f i i n i r - i u r t . " " - o r t n e c y s t . S o r n e p a r t i c i p a n t s t h o u g h t i t t o b e represented a musc]e; however, the cbnsensuswas that it O"i*""it"O-"["iJiai A few participants mixture or necrotic oeoris,'mucin, and possibly fibrin. this case is cqrmentedtnat lne-amountof granufitioh tissub-present.in mucoceles. This was association with considerabry reis-th;;-ia usuiriv-li*-:.n to I week days considered an indication that thl lesion was relatively new.(several are epitheliun duct OId). In manySections, remnantsof the ruptured salivary present. diagnosis of ranular lnd of branchial and thyroglossal duct cyst -inese A differential ire lined OVan 6pitneUum, ciliat"d.i,n the case of the was discussed. A ranula lies branchial cyst, while the mucoceli only'has remnints of epithelium' of the floor the in ducts inO'submandibular along the course oi-ine sublinguaf can be however, Either, mucocele. subpharyngeal mouth, and is more cofimonthan the cure' a and must often be dissecteO out surgically to effeet prevalence "-pto6fer-cfinicifly A familial predisposition in ooxJi dogs has been suggesteddue to a high amongsiblings in scrnelitters. contributor. aox lffiol Department of Veterinary Pathology, university L69 3BX, England. of Liverpool, P'0' Suoqested reading. J . A . , R o s s m a n , . . LE: . e t a 1 . : T e x t b o o k of VeterinarY ffii"n, E d ' , 1 { ' B ' Saunders,L983, Internal l,tedicine. Ettinglr, S. J. (Ed.), Vol. II,2nd p. -H"rrey, r- 1181. H. J.: pharyngeal mucocelesin dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178: L282-L28t, 1981. ----nuuano, salivary mucocelesin dogs' C a n .V e t . J . 5 : t. J. and Archibald, J.i 109-117, L964. Case II - 87-19 tumor frorn an 8-L/2 year old male dog tras excised muc ior-nijlopatnofogi- diagnosis. Thedog wasexhibiting dysphagiaand and stridor of increasing severity over a 2-monthperiod. Contributorrs Diagnosis & Comment.Canine laryngeal oncocytoma. the canine laiynx consisting ol a uniform i and large round nuclei containing cytoplasm population of celLs with bosinbphilic ioiinopnilic or clear inclusions. UltristrucLurally the cells.contain numelous mitochqrdria. The incLusions consist of cytoplasmic invaginations (eosinophilic inclusions) and glycogen accumulation(clear inclusions). .-AFIp Diagnosis. canlne. oncocytoma,larynx (per contributor), breed unspeci'fiedt diagnosis whieh Conference Note. The discussj.on centered on the differential inc1@granu1arce11tumor(granu1arceI]myob1astoma), rhabdomyosarcoma, s6fiO carcinoma, and chemodectoma. Populations of cells within granular cytoplasm. Special stains this ne6plasrnhave intensely-eosinophilic, reveal miny of the cytoplasmic granules t6 6e PAS-positive and diastase resistant' as are many of the ciear intranuclear inclusions noted to by the contributor. FnospnotgnistS.c acid hematoxylin (PTAH) staining demonstrates the cytoplasm 91 3I1 with fine PTAH-positive granules. These were thought by turnoi celll to be filled participants to correspond to the nLrnerousmitochrondria noted in the contributorrs The Department of Otolaryngic examination of tumor ceIIs. irttrast'ructural Pathology coraurred with the diagnosis of oncocytoma based upon the histologic appearante of the tLfillr (H&E and special stains) and the contributorrs Participants wete i-n agreement, however, that a findings. ultrastructural diagnosis cannot be made based upon HEE sections alone. definitive wete first describedby Pass, Huxtable' Cooperet Caninelaryngeal oneocytomas al. in 1980, and have beenreported several times morerecently. 0rcocytesare poorly-undeistoodepithelial cells scattered throughmajor endocrineand exocxine glandsof the upperairwaysand.digestive-tractsof gfanOiard within seromucinous ilan. Similar cells are knownOy tne namesofrroxyphil" ce1ls (parathyroid) and ttHuerthlettcells (thyroid). In old dogsoncocytic cells ate eommonly fourd in the to be thought glands. were originally 0ncocytes of salivary d.ntal epithelium activity enzyme high have mitochondrial shown to have been but since degenerative 2 and a high rate of mitochondrial division. Lundgren,Olofsson, and Hellquist (L982) suggest that an increase in mitochondria as a compensatoryhyperplasia is perhaps initiated by an age-related exhaustion of one or more mitochondrial enzyme systems. This process would ultimately lead the normal celI to oncocytic metaplasia. Contributor. 45247--- The Procter & GambleCompany,P.0. Box V9I75, Cincinnatti, Stio Suggestedreading. B r i g h t , R . M., Go rma nN, . T ., Gor ing, R. L. et aI.: Lar yngealneoplas i ai n tw o dogs. J.'Am. Vet. Med.Assoc. I84: 738-74O,L984. Calderwood-Mays, M. B.: Laryngeal oncocytomain two dogs. J. Am. Vet. l,1ed. Assoc. I85z 677-679, 1984. Lundgren,J., Olofsson, J. and Hellquist, H.: Oncocyticlesions in the larynx. Acta 0tolaryngol. 94: 735-i44, 1982. P a s s , D . A ., H u xta b l a ,C . R ., Cooper ,B. J. et al.: Caninelar yngeal oncocytomas. Vet. Path. I7z 672-677, 1980. Thackray,A. C. and Lucas, R. B.: Tumorsof the Major Salivary Glands. Znd Series, Fascicle I0, Atlas of TumorPathology, AFIP, 1974, pp.56-59. w h e e l do nE , .8 .1 su te r, P . F ., Jenk5.ns, T.: Neoplasiaof the r ar ynx in the dog. J. Am. Vet. Med.Assoc. 180: 642-647,I9AZ. - R80-120(AFrP 1902454). . In].s -mon crossbred sow had received artificial insemination sever , but did not conceive. She showedsigns of lamenessand endcrnetritis about 20 days prior to necropsy. CaseIII Gross Patho'logy. The right uterine horn appearedfirm and distended. A great arrn@teria1Fitteothe1umen.'i{owever,the1eftuterinehornand the ovaries were grossly normal. Laboratory ResuLts. A cuLture of the uterine discharge was made. A great n.on@co1onieswereiso1atedfromthe[terinedischarg6. Cmtributorrs D & Comment.Endometritisin the gilt is not comnon, careless use of an instrument,or it may occur at the time of breeding. Elnarsson (1980) reported that E. coli, )Eapnyrococcr Staphylococci ano and sErepEococc]. Strept_gqocci are orEen often lsolateo isolated rrom from endometritls endometrffifr-n'O and vagj-naJ. vaginal discfiatges. Bacteria which can cause endometritis are as follows: Streptococci, :-.:r,_-?..- e!--L..a-^-^^: -^a: A--^,-^L^^ ---r--.#' 9!+nyfggocci, E. co1i, CorylePactelium pyogenes,Pasleurella multoEldil KIeOS].eIIa, PSzuOOmOlqCeqq, salmoneJ.laspp. and Mycoplasrna. Mycoplasma. .\-9v919--9. | -gvV9lllgr lqggqg. gqllllvl lg44q Histologically, the uterus was filled with large amountsof suppurative exudate, and its mucosawas severely necrotic. AFIP Diagnosis. Endofietritis, necropurulent, acute, with myriads of i n t r E@u t e ru s,cro ss6 re d ,p b rci .ne,6tio1ogi- st"pnlr o"*..p. 3 ConferenceNote. Participants noted one large area_andnumeroussmaller areas oreffitionsin.mostsectionsexamined.Additiona11y,anabscess deep in the endometriun was thought by most to involve a uterj.ne glard.. Ptt ut.iine glands are atrophic, arels of- the stroma are hyalinized.and contain The numerousceils containing eosinophilic collectibns 6r fibrin. t;iGbiy:sizio participants to be eosinophils which are most by granules were thought cytoplaimic of swine; someparticipants, howevet, conditions in many inflanrnatory seen c6nmbnly (which elaborate relaxin) granulocytes endom-etrial may be somespecukted that are scattered throughout the primates. cells Similar rodent! and in seen cbrnonly ovarian-stloma. Additionally, the Departmentof Gynecologicand Breast Pathology noted mild, acute oophoritis in the sections they examined. The differential diagnosis included infection by Staphlococci, E. coli and BrucelIa.Speciaistainioemonscraceoniygram-posicffi'tn-effir'ofine ffiAswasnotedbythecontributor,Staph1ococcusspparethoughttobea involving S. auteus comnoncause of iatrogreiric infections in anifrEl-s.@icemias primates and the placement venapuncture, following are coflnonly seen in laboratory of intravascular catheters. Contributor._ Departmentof Veterinary Medicine, AnimaLlndustry research rnstiEff{-TSefbhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan350, Republic of China. 9rggested reading. Einarsson, S. ! Repeatbreeding in swine. In Current Therapyin Theriogenology. Marrow,D. A. (Ed.), SaundersGmpany, Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 1980. E v e r i t t , J . I . , F e t t e r , A . W . , Kenney,R. M. et al.: Porcine necrotizing Staphlococcal endometritis. Vet. Path. 18: 125-127, I98!. --n'es-Fa reproductive , K. L., Stovlback, P., l'4oler, T.: Staphlococcus aureus as a cause of faiLure and so-calle d actinomycosis ffi. Med. 7: 929-947, 1955. Tharp, V. L.: lvletritls, mastitis and agalactia. In Disease of -Eila;-riir,;.-il;:-H.t't.H.'-iEi. l, ii*a stateuniversi[y-nrJti, Swine. Dunne Thorne, H. and Nilsson, P. 0.: Staphlococcusaureus as the cause of abortion in swine. Acta Vet. Scand. 2: 7LI-7T6,4767 Case IV - U(f,42-L (AFrP t94tM2). a L-uz (Z kodachrome slides yeat ema monkey (Macaca The face, trunk, arrns, and legs developedmultiple whitfiiil-sed were not pruritic. Gross Pathol.ggy. See kodachrome slide 1. Laboratorv Results. See kodachronreslide 2 (skin scraping). Contributorts Diagnogi,s"& Conrnent.Cutaneous acariasis - psorergatic spp. werecoti;a;e:--Murtiffir#ilst rerouted nt Elous Psoreroatic mites,' occasional - -- 'Dernodex mite, ino a third mitewhich has not yet 6E?i-TTeTEriea. 4 AFIP Diaonosis. Hyperkeratosisand acanthosis, segmental,moderaterwith intracorneal acarid parasites, stumptail macaque,primate. ConferenceNote. As a differential diagnosis for the most numerousparasites presffiogica1sections,participantsconsideredIiceandmites.Most tholght these parasite- are too small to be lice. The parasite in the skin scrafing (kodachromeslide 2) has 4 pairs of legs and is cornpatiblewith a mite; lice have only 3 pairs. This organismhas a round body differentiating it from Derpdex, the body of which is elongate. Sarcoptes, and several other skin mites' 3 are ioca-red ciose to the hE-vetaisal suckers and the first [wo paiirc.o pair are further caudad. The mite in this case does capitulurn while the secondtwo The morphologic characteristics of this mite are not have tarsal suckers. Participants thought that the dermatitis present in Psorergates. with compatible mostcasesofSaffili1dbemoreSeVere.Insomesections,a1argere1ongated Although it could not be identified based upon mite is presenfrn--E-fi?'ir follicle. its morphology1n the sections examined,most felt it was compatible with Denodex' as noted by the contributor. A very mild, sometimesminimaL(as in this case) inflammatory responseis typical of Psorergates infection. Mites live in the stratum corneum,where it is be1ievedthd@yexcavatationofkeratinwithsaw-1iketeethandfeedby piercing ceIls with styliform chelicerae. Contributor. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, HersheyMedlcal CenLer, eenn6yliiffiiiSffite University, Hershey, Pennsylvania I7O73. Suoqestedreadino. sp. N. ( Ac ar i : J. C ., Atyeo, W . T.: psor er gatesglaucgm ys ffi, Psorer!atioaei,acystogenousmitefromtnesoffi(GtaucomF. # ' . notes on a mite induced o6rmit cyst. J.-Tffiifol. volan5l,-wffi'histoiath6logic 5#eg-174, 1973. B a s k i n, G.8 ., E b e rh a rd ,M. L., f' latsonet al.: Diagnosticexer cize. L ab. Anim. Sci. 342 6O2-6O7,1984. L e e , K . J., L a n g , C . M., H ughs,H. C. et a1.: Psor er gaticmange( Acari : Psp4lgqliQqq) of the str-rmptailmacaque(Macacaarctoides). Lab. Anim. Sci. 31: 77="t9'-96tr- (Cercocebustorquates Sheldon, l{. G.: Psorergatic mangein the sooty mangabey atvs) monkey. Lab. Anim. Care 16z 276-279, !966. DAVIDL. FRTTZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Vetetinary PathologY Departmentof Veterinary Pathology Results AFIP llednesdaySlide Conference- No. 15 2f January 1985 Ge o rg eA . Par ker , D.V.M. Diplomate, ACVP Veterinary Pathology Consultant 11101StreamviewCourt Great Fal1s, VA 22066 Conference lvloderator: Case I - N84-0210(AFIP L944522) (1 kodachromeslide). majority of the rats in arrlval quarantine began exhibiting photophobia, exophthalmos,and chromodacryorrhea. The rats had been in quarantine for 9 days whenclinical signs began. Rats sacrificed from the samelot 9 days earlier for quality control monitoring were clinically, grossly, and histologically normal. Gross Pathology. There was unilateral, focally-extensive, reddish-gray diScffimaaffectingone.ha].ftotwo-thirdsoftheharderiinglands. laloqqtSrry Results. Affected anj.mals had positive titers for (SDAV),while serum samplesfrom normal quality control sialo@s animals taken earlier from the samelot were negative. Cqqtributorts Diagnos_is& Comment. DacryoadeniLis, necrotizing and suppurative w i t n y e x t 6 n s i v e , u n i 1 a t e r a 1 , t t a i d e r i a n g 1 a n d , Sprague-Dawleyrat. Dacryoadenitis caused by sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV)was diagnosedbased on typical clinical signs and gross and histological lesions. Confirmation of SDAV was madeby identification of anti-SDAVantibodies by the ELISA test. Retrospective ELISA tests on serun from animals sacrificed on amival for quality control monitoring were negative for SDAV. l{e were unable to positively identify where the affected rats contacted SDAV. Neither our facility nor the vendor have a recent history of SDAVoutbreaks. Both the Harderian and extraorbital lacrimal glands from affected animals exhibited lesions. Examinedsalivary glands were free of disease. AFIP 9r Dacryoadenitis, necrotizing, subacute, diffuse, moderate, with , unilateral, Harderj.an gland, Sprague-Dawley rat, rodent, etiology--compatible with siaLodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV). Conference Note. The kodachromeslide in this ease illustrates the cervical swelffis,andehromodacryorrhea(a1thoughmi1d)whichare characteristic of but not pathognomonicfor sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection of rodents. Chromodacryorrhea, or red tears, can be causedby any form The of stress. unilateral distribution of the histologic lesions is, in the moderatorts experience, a common finding in cases of SDAVinfection, as is the history of onset of clinical signs one weekto 10 days after arrival to quarantine. The differential diagnosis included cytomegalovirus and papovavirus which were not seen (polyomavirus), both of which produce intranuclear inclusions from orbital :11..11:9^:ttult in this case. Dacryoadenitis oi-ln" Harderian gitlo venous for obtaining plexus bleeding as a result of venapunct"i" of the orbital a subacute is In someslides there blood samples (McGee,Maronpotr-It7il. gland' salivary of siiioaoenitis in a section to mousehepatitis yi.rus sDAVis a coronavirus which is antigenically related to SDAVare (l,,ll-lv),rat coronavirus, and human-cJronivirusOClg' Serological titers interstitial presently indistinguishable from those to rat coronavirus which causes pnzumonitis in adult rats. Pathology Branch (VSP)' Contributor. Veterinary Sciences Division, Comparative Medicinb, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235. scrro6ffiFace Suooestedreading. f f i Y , R . 0 . a n d J o n a s , A . M . : R e s p i r a t o r y i n f e c t i oInfect. n i n m i c&eImmunol.18(3): with sialodacryoadenitis virus, a coronavirus of rats. 82t-827, L977. subclinical ep i z ooti c E i s e n b r a n d t,D . L ., H u b b a rd ,G. B. and Schmidt,R.- _E.:_^A 1982' 655'659, 322 Sci. Anim. Lab. rats.of siaLodacryoailenitis'in P a t h o g e n e s iosf A . J o n a s , N . P . a n d B h a t t , J a c o b y ,n . 0 . , |4.: 196'209, L2z Path. Vet. rats. gn6toniotic in ,L975'.. si.afoOicry6Oenitii (a J o n a s , A . M., C ra f[, J. a n d B l ack, C: L..: - Sia]odacr yoadenitisin the r at jnO' electr6n micr6scopic study). Rrcn..Path. 882 613-622, +919' figniMccee,M. A. and Maronpot,R. R.: Harderian glalq-dac,ryoadenitisin rats resutting'from orbitat nf#Oing. Lab. Anim. Sci. 29(5): 639-64L' 1979.of str ain p e r c i , D . H ., H a n n a ,P . E .] P atur zo, F. et a1.: Compar ison suscepti6ifity t6 experimental'sialodaciyoadenitis in rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. f4: 25*260, 1984. Snith, A. L.: An immunoflfuorescencetest for detection of serum antibody to rodent coionaviruses. Lab. Anim. Sci. i7z 157-160,I98t. Case II - 8tP-227 (AFIP Le465V8). r-old female thoroughbred, equine, wh5.ch turbed equilibrium with poor coordination and was unable to sustain weigfrt on left front reg. Gross Pathology. Soft tissue edema,fluid exudation and mild hyperemia were founffiundingtheleftmetacarpa11igamentsapproximated5cmdista1 A large (11x5x4 cm), off-white nodule was found in the right apical lobe to joint. of the lung. LaboratorY ResuLts. ffi5+ tmo o er aEe/. were isolated. eacterioffi-iathogens negative. AGID EIA: Contributorrs Diaqnosis & Comment. Granular cel1 tumor (granular cell ughbred, equine. myob This interesting tumor occuii in a variety of speci.esat manyanatomical locations. AFrP Diagnosis. Granular ce1I tumor, lung, thoroughbred, equi.ne. Notg. Parlicipants were in agreement with a diagnosis of granular - . Conference cerr tunor (formerly-granular cell myoblastoma), and all listed oncocytomi as a differential diagnosis. Two different celL types are noted; the moxe nLrnerous polvhedralcelrs with eosinopnilics""nuri"'cvtopriil ag;ilI;" ::++:.,"""^1iI9? ceus). cytopl3sm+cgranules stain variably with PASand are diastase iesistant. The secondpopulation-is smaller and more-siinole-shaped; these cel1s fie iJjacent to vessels. They were thought to be angulate body cells and were shown to contain tiFl" to rultiple PAS-posifive, diastaie resiitant in[racviofiasmic globufJi whichr,according to the moderator, correspond to the angulit"-oooi"s seen ultrastructurally. the theory that the cell of origin of granular .^ a -EIi9:l::_supqo$ing precursor of the Schwanncell- is: 1) frequent cloie anat6mical cetl tunors rs relationship of granular cell tumors to peripheral nerve, Z) presenceof substancessimilar to degradation products of.myelin in granular ieti trrot., rj presence of high concentrations of gangliosides and cerebrosides in granular'cell tumors, ind a) the histologic similarity-between granular ce1ls and Schwanncells near axons undergoingwallerian degeneration (parker, Novilla, Brownet al. , r97g). It has been-suggestedthat the intracranial granular cell tumors seen in aging rats may arise from Schwannce1ls (or a common piogenitor celli-oi-;.;ii' perivascular nerves_in the leptomeningesand centril nervous -ystem (Hollander, Elurek, Boormanet aL. , 1976). The deilonstrition of sr00 proteii]-;,];;:iIiiri" enolase, and two peripheraL nerve-myeli! prot-ins in rat granular cerl turnors, is cited-by Sanford, Hoover, and Millei (198[) and provioes Furtnir evidence for a neural origin of granulai cell tumors. Contributor. AnimaLHealth Laboratory, Departmentof Agriculture, a901TEffiE-R6?d, College parx, Maryland' _Maryland 20740. Suggestedreadino. ffi,J.M.andStrandberg,J.:Granu1arce1].variantsinarat schwannqna. Vet. Path. 15: 725-73L, 1979. -Boorman, Hollander, C. F., Burek, J. 0., G. A. et aI.: Granular cell tumors of the central nervous system of rats. Arch. Path. Lab. Med. 100: 445-447, Ig7:a:, f 3 r k e t r 9 . A ., N o vi l l a , M. N ., Br own,A. c. et al.: Gr anur arcell tum or (myobrastoma) in the lung of a horse. J. comp. path. g9z 42I-4to, Ig7g. , l?"kgr, 9. .A., Bothdt W., Van Cellen, A. et a1.: Cerebral grinular ce1l tumor (myoblastoma) in a dog: Case report and literature review. Cornell Vet. 68: 506-520, L978. safod, S. E...,Hoove!, D. M., Miller, R. B.: primary cardiac granular cell . tumor in a dog. Vet. Path. 2L: 489-494, 1994. G. C. Gal1ima, A. M. et al.: Caninegranularcell tumor . IYtkr M.l.M1 Johnson, (myoblastoma): A report of four casesandreviewof the llteratuie. J. Sm.Anim. Pract. 242 677-645, L98t. Turk, M.A.M. and Breeze, R. G.: Histochemicaland ultrastructural features of pulmonarygranular cell turnor (myoblastoma). J. Comp.Path. 9I:A7I-IEI, geuine ?! 1981. CaseIII mas leg. slides). - D8t-513 (AFIP L948t27) (2 kodachrome treated for toxic Sf,e1n cow rom an of the left front no use with stargazing, next daY, the was down s. She was eating normally. There was no irnorovementover a 5-day period. Gross Patholoqy. Cervical nerves were firm, 4-5 cm in diarneter. Brachial p1exffi.c8hasan8cmdiameterfirmmassintheaxi11a.The cervico-thoracic ganglia are 6x5x8 cm diameter, firm and white. Intereostal nerves are thj.ckenedwith multiple ?-3 cn nodules. The vagus is 4 cm diameter and epicardial nerves are prominent. Celiac ganglion is 15 cm diameter. Laboratorv Results. CSFwas normal. (bovine neurofibroContributorfs D sis & Comment. Multiple schwannomas matosis), etj.oLogy--unknown. In this section of brachial plexus, multiple nerves are greatly enlarged due to In replacerent by nodules and interlacing bundles of neoplastic spindle cells. most areas, the cells are densely packed wi.th scanty extracellular material and are similar to Antoni type A tissue. fr0ni.onbulb-likerr structures are prominent in Iess affected nerve fascicles. M.rltiple schwannomas are refatively common benign tumors of cattle. The sites most frequently involved are the brachial plexus, intercostal nerves, and syrnpatheticnervous system, although other sites, including skin, have been described. The rnost likely cell of origin is considered to be the Schwanncell, however, the perineurialtosis (von Recklinghausentsdisease) of man. _ AFIP Diagnosis. Peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm,mu1tiple, brachial plexus (per contributor), Holstein, bovine; condition--compatible with bovine neurofibromatosis. ConferenceNote. Tissue sections contain nerve fascicles which ensheath [email protected] composedof spindle cells amanged in someinterlacing bundles, but otherwise in a randomarray. |'lore loosely-arranEed myxomatous areas with plurnpround neoplastic cells are seen in somesections. Participants felt the largest turnor is poorly-differentiated, in contrast to surrounding smaller tumors which are also solid cellular massesbut in which spindle ceI1s form Verocay bodies and storiform patterns which ate suggestive of a well-differentiated tumor of neural origin. SFcial stains reveal Little collagen, little ground substance, and intercellular few lf any nerve fibers wlthin the tumor masses. Particlpants were tfrerefor6 in agreementwith the contributorrs diagnosis of multiple schwannomas. Bovine neurofibromatosis has been corpared to von Recklinghausenfs disease in man. The latter, however, is a genetically-transmitted phakomatosisand involves numerousorgan systems, as opposedto only peri.phereal nerves in the bovine. |}tnguO.many_simllarities do exist betwein bovine and humanneurofibromatosis, the bicolor damselfish has been tecently proposed as a more useful animal rnodel (Schmale,Hensley, Udey, 1983). The diffuse invoLvementof peripheral nerves in bovine neurofibromatosis has suggestedan infectious etiology. The finding of virus-Iike particles in nJ5fiiastic cells of bovine nerv6 sheath tumori has been reported (Canfield, Doughty, 1980). Contributor. 14850- Departmentof Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork Srooested readinq. ffightmicroscopicstudyofbovineperiphera1nervesheath tumors. Vet. Path. 15: 283-29I, 1978. Canfield, P.: The ultrastructure of bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Vet. Path. 15: 292-3OO,1978. Canfield, P. J. and Doughty,F. R.: A study of virus-like particles present in bovine netve sheath tumours. Austr. Vet. J. 562 257-261' 1980. M i t c h a m ,S. A ., K a sa ri , T . R ., Par ent, J. M . et aI.: Intr acr anial schwannom a in a cow. Can. Vet. J. ?.5: 118-141, L984. of cattle. Am. J. Vet. schwannomas Monlux, A. W. and Davis,' C. L.: Multiple ' Res. 14: 4g9-5O9,L95V. S c h m a l e M. , C ., H e n sl e y,G., Udey,L. R.: Neur ofibr omatosis,von malignant schwannomas.Amer. J. Recklinghausent.sdisease, multiple schwannomas, Path. LL2(2)z 238-24I, 1983. Case IV - 8t-1810-6 (AFIP I9L36I6) nnecropsyingacastratedma1equarterhorse(18 montfr3-oTti)-suffering ftom nonregenerative anemia. Gross Pathglogy. l{.rltiple 1-3 nrmulcers on the tongue and gumsadjacent to teetfr.- Corttributorfs Diagnosis & Comment. Glossitis, pyogranulomatous,ulcerative Diptera (myiasis). Gasterophilus with larval star intestinalis inFection. larvae had a chitinous exoskeleton with spines, striated somatic -ne-mfrating musculature, OoOicavity, digestive system and trachea. The burrowing parasite in the tongue is prbOaOly Gisteiophilus intestinalis which invades the tongue and gums. G. nasalis invades only the gums. -AFIP Diaonosis. Glossitis, parasites, suom@ with Gastrophilus sp. ulcerative, sr-bacute, diffuse, moderater with tongue, quarterhorse, equine, eti.ology-cornpatible contain l-l larvae within the Note. Mostsectionsexamined Conference [email protected] pirticip"nti feft-that the hostrs inflammatbry tesponse was out of proportion to the num'berof larvae ptesent and speculated that there was another underlying disease in progress. The mucosacontains occasional pustules, possibly migration tracts, and also someplant material. Although large numbers of mature larvae may be found in the stomach of the horse, perforating ulcers or other gastric disorders which result from attached larvae are uncdnnon. Esophagitis and laryngitis caused by irilrnature migrating larvae are sometimes seen, and the latter may be one cause of choke in the horse. The different species of Gastrophilus are most easily identified by examination of the t h i r d s t a g e ] a r v a e . G @ i s b y f a r t h e m o s t c o m m o n i n t h e U . S . , and G . hemorrhoidalis is thoG'hFE6-TEEfr.iteo to the Pacific northwest. Contrilrutor._ Departmentof Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas StatE-iiifire Ef, Manhattan, Kansas ee5o6. Suqoestedreadino. -ffiBio1ogyofAnima1Parasites.W.B.SaundersCo., Philade1phia, 1964, pp 516-619. R. A.1 McAllister, E. s., pratt, p. w. (Eds.): Equine Medicine and _ lvlansnann, lrd Ed., Vol. 1, AmericanVeterinary Publications, Santa Barbara, CA, lyry""y. 1982, p T5-75. Shefstad' D. K.: ScanningelecLron microscopyof Gastrophilus intestinalis lesionsoftheequinestomach.J.Am.Vet.Med.nssoc Soulsby, E.J.L.: Helminths, Arthropodsand Protozoa of DomesticiteoAnimals. 7th Ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, L.982,pp 400-404. D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology 6 {bi"rddhl'!' :.kE*y ADDEMUI.I: AFIP WednesdavSlide Csn. -.-:e le84-1982 Conferencet€z CaseIl Contrib. llST-q MrP tf|9465t8 Diagnosis: Granular cell tumot, lungt horse' nu:Thecytoplasmofthecentrally-locatedgranularcellis an filled with nunerous pleomorphic lysosomal granules with granular ol and a variably membranous, outer limiting membrane is vescicular particulate central substructure. A basal lamina not evident (possibly due to poor fixation) ' The other cell surroundedby collagen is probably a fibroblast. (x16r218). 1w\'',^'&\'w '- cr'*\ l" b @ p Results Conference- No- L7 Slide AFIP f'/ednesday 3A Januarv 1985 Conference Moderator: Case I - 8t-78I-I4 ortoifif.The ffirry Richard J. Montali, DVM Diplomate, ACVP H;;-, Pathology Department National Zoological Park Washington, DC 20008 (AFIP 1949058) (1 kodachromeslide)' ii boa (Boa constqicior the summerand over anemia snake went off feed and developed died. Gross Patholo mucosawas noted. There was polypoid thickening and reddening of the gastric Contributoqls Diagnosis. Stomach,gastritis, hyperplastic/hypertrophic. crypTo:@EiGTs. subacute, diffuse, moderate, with AFIP Diagnosis. Gastritis, proliferative, protozoa, stomach, red-tail boa, Boa constrictor ortonii, supeiffilillffif reptile; etiology--compatible with Cryptosporidia sp. ConfereraeNote. The normal anatomyof the snake stomachwas briefly oiscffiefundicportionofthestomach,fundicg1andsalecdnposedof a uniform population sinEle eosinophilic granular cells. Thesecells elaborate both F€L and pepsinogenptecursors, and therefore, perform the tasks of both parietaL and chief cells of the mammalian stomach. The snake stomachdoes not have portion. hyperplasia of both mucousneck cells In there is a squamous this case, and the surface epithelium, wiLh a reduction in fundic glands. Special stains show that theicryptosporidia are involved with mucousneck cells and the non-diff iated surface epithelium. The organismsare best demonstratedwith a modifiedlacid-fast stain when recovered from fecal flotation or feces with Sheotherfs sugar solution or from smearsof affected gastric mucosaas depicted in the slide. The organismsare not acid-fast positive in tissue sections with onal acid-fast stains. studies indicate that two types of cryptosporidia oocysts are formed: a oocyst which is passed out in the feces of the host, and a thin-walled latter is thought to sporulate endogenously and reinfect the host. It is easy o see how a few infecting organisms can lead to overwhelming infections thiek cyst. especial y in the inrnunosuppressed host. Theoccurrenceof cryptosporidiosisas a ehronic usually fatal disease in the snake, characterized by post-prandial vomiting but Lack of diarrhea, suggests to Dr. Montali that the affected snakes may be ressed. The isolation of a retrovirus from boas with crypt sis and other secondaryinfections, would add further support that ive viruses mayunderlie manyof these opportunistic infections. idia develop within the unit membrane of the host which forms a parasitophorous vacuolel but since a limiting plate divides the cyst from the celI, the parasite is not truly intracellular. Recent transmission stuiies support only likely that the forms in me species of crypto?poridiS in mammarsl!91:u:t, i!.is There is currently no ophidians and avffirrs are probably more.species-specific' evidence of a cycle between rodents and snal<es' l4ashington' DC Contributor. Pathology Department, National Zoological Park, 20008. Suooested readinq. BrownStein'J.D.,Strandberg,.J.D.,Monta1i,R.J.-9t-3!.'.*@ Vet. Path . L4z 606-617, L977' gastiitis. - k i r k p a with t r i c k , hypertiophic 'b. in snakes f . , a n d F a r r e l l , J . P . : C r y p t o s p o r i d i o s i s ' T h e C o m p e n d i uomn Continuing Educition /t9, 6(3)z I54-L62, March L984' Navini T. R. and Juranek, D. D.: Cryptosporidiosis: Clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitotogic review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 6(7)z 313-327' 1984. Fearson, gl n., and Logan, E. F.: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observitions on tne host-parasite relationship in intestinal of neonatal ealves. Res. Vet. Sci. 74: I49-L54, I98'' - "Tzipori-, cryptospbridiosis S.r Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans. Microbiol. Rev. 47(I)z 8b96, 1983. glXPtg:Pgridium: Evidencefor T z i p o r i , S . , A n g u s , K . W . , C a m p b e l l ,f . q ! . a I : i 1980. 884-886, tO(3): & Immun. genus. Infect. a single-spiciei slide 'camel Case II - 8t-779-f2 (AFIP 1949062 (1 kodachrome (Camelusbactrianus). ctrian region and a persffilETx-oc@is The a granular woundin or suppoxtivetreatment antibiotic for about 4 months. There was no and the animal was euthanatized. Gross Patholggg Grossly, white, firm nodules were disseminatedthroughout and parenchymalorgans. inteffi bovis was cultured from lungr' thoracic lymph Laboratory Resu1ts. Mycobacterium and verified by guinea pig node@rffipfr-'iiGi6s-Eilvstinoculati.on. Contributorrs D & Comment. Lung, pneumonia, necrogranulomatous. Lung, AFB were never smears of affected organs in multiple histologic sections of varj.ous affected organs stained with Ziehl-Nee1sen, Fite-Faraco and Auramine-o-Rodamine. AFIP Diagnosis. Pyogranulomas, muLtifocal and coalesci.ng, severe, lung, Bactrian cameI, Camelus bactrianus, Camelidae. ConferenceNote. Participants noted similarities betweenthe pyogranulomas seenffithosetypica1ofcaseous1ymphadenitisofsh'e6plinc1uding the prominent lamination of the central basophilic, caseousdebris. Although these areas of caseousnecrosis are surroundedby macrophages,lymphocytes,granulocytes and fibrous connective tissue, only rarely are giant cells seen. Theselesions are identical to those described by Elmossalami,Sj-am,and El Surgany(197f) in their study of M. bovis-induced lesions seen i_n camels at slaughter. of the adaptability of that The severity of lesions in the host is a reflection the greater,the hypersensitivity of mycobacteriatspecies to that hosi. Usually, reac[ion and necrosis witl be to the the host to the organism, the mole severe the re"ciion). camels, like guinea pigs' i".q. Koch's presenceor even-a-i"un-oi,g"nisms in contrast to birds in which early in the mycoba"i"ii" to are extremely sensitive containing myriads of macrophages disease, the fesions often cbnsist of numerous of camels to hypersensitivity acid-fast bacilli with minimal reaction- The positive reactions false many telting; mycobacteriais irio ierrected in tubercurin atypical to animafs of .these axe seen, probably as a result oi "*poiut" such'as M. avium scrofulaceumand kansasii' mycoOact6ria of freezing tissue at The moderatorused this case to emphasizethe importance M' bqvis from lung and necropsy. A diagnosis was ultimately baseduponcult'Ilng onry one rymphnodes, wheieas in all or tne-ipeciar stained sections-?xEiih-sd equivocal mycobacteriumwas seen. an .. InterestingfY, camelsalso appearto be very sensitive to isoniazid, and other antitubercular Oiug commonlyused for treatment or prophylaxis in humans sevexe appearsto affect the bone marrowin camelscausing mammals.fsoniiiii granulocyto- and thrombocytopenia. The moderatornoted that the tissue in this case could be identified as originating from a camelid due to the elipti-caI shapeof the red blood celIs. Contributor. PathologyDepartment,National Zoological Park, Washington,D.C. 20008. guggestedre?diLg. of pulmonarytuberculosis in manand animals: Dafifien$erg,A. Jx.: Hacnogenesis protection of-personnel against tuberculosis. In MycobacLerlalInfections of Zoo Instifr tion Pr ess, W ash.,0.C., 1978, pp A n i m a l s . . E d .,'R . J. I'l o n tl l i , S m ithsonian 65-74. Elmossalami,E., Siam, M. A. and El Sergany,M.: S!u!:,gson tuberculous-like lesions in slaulhteied camels. ZbI. Vet. Med. B 182 253-26I,.I97I. Kennedy,S,, and Bush, M.! Evaluation of tuberculin testing and lymphgcyle transformation in Bactrian camels. Mycobact.Infecl, Zoo Anim., 139-142,1978. 9 T9 11ti 9ns M a n n ,P. C ., B u sh , M., Ja n ssen,D. L. et al.: Clinicopatholog+ 9or 1121'1129, Assoc. L79(11): Vet. Med. Am. of tuberiulosis'in laige 2oo mammais.J. 1981. T h o r n s, C . J., Mo rri s, J. A . and Little, T.W .A.: A spectr umof imm une responsesand pathological conditions betweencertain animal species to experimental Mycobactiriumbovis infection. Br. J. Exp. Path. 6f: 562'572, L982. Case III - U. of S. Vet. Path. N84-3445(1947498). platyrhynchos) was inoculated IM ofd6iilfife buffered saline 0.5 ml suspenffi'fnjhwitn 1:10 FGt-natcning plus antibiotics of liver tissue from wild adult female mallard found dead. At 4 days post-inoculation the bird was severely depressed, eyes pasted shut, head tilt, frequent trchewingrr. GrossPatho}ogy.Thebirdwasmoderatelydehydralgd:.-!if:*''palewith n U m e f f i o r r h a g e s o n - i n " - ' u i i " . u , a n d i n t was h e p empty a r e n cof hym a . S p } e with e n w adiffuse s ingesta, 'ofdark. rnteliine of 4 mmdiameter and very bursa to oiening abou'tthe-:mi'); ' mm) hemorrhagein mucosa cloaca .nO-nE""osis 3 (5ursa 5 x ica' Fabricius. Thymiclobules nur" "Itl"t"i'-tt"ff Focal hepatic necrosis with prominent Contributor,s Diaglqgi!@mment- (ducx int"ffiffi-iTl:'::?n?l3i"i;,.0 duckwere hishrv:,gs:'!ly:,ol-d,"kprasue necrosis and viral enteritis): focal hepatic-n".iotit, sup6rficial-mucosal bands' r'esioni over intestinal rymphoid (Anatid esophagusand croaca, hemorrnagil-necrotic is that of duck plague A virus has been isolated, but ""t V"i coniirmed herpes virus). AFlpDiaqnosis.Necrosis,multifocal,mildtomoderate,withbasophilic # intranuclear rnffiion conference Note, bodies, Pekin duck, avian' Three basic changes are present in these sections' and f f i . , nfocal " p " i ont" " r r u r i ' " v a c u o 1 a r c h a n g e , a n d . p a p i 1 1 a rhepatocytes y b i 1 e d u c t and probably include rirost hyperplasia. Clear cytoplasmic vacuoles are notea iiweekof age which are stil} in birds less than I represent fipiO-nort"iiy-i""n is-Severe in association absorbingyolk. Hepatocellular vicuotar change,hon"u"t, with the necrotic foci. present in,bile.ducts are There was discussion as to whetherchanges parlicibants noted inclusion bodies in artifactual, or a resuLt of the virus. thought Lhe piling Y? of therefore and several of the Oifiiry-epithelial-""ift, iadicals are indicative cells and papilliferoiis fronds noted in'some of the rarger pointed out that the Montali Doctor change. of viral-associaieJ-nyp"rpiastic aflatoxin biliary epitherium of'bucktings-is veiv sensitive to insurt, and that €.g. r tan producehyperplasia within 24 hours' virus. which Duck viraL enteriLis (DVEor duck plague) is eausedby a herpesperacute a in Grossly, affects only nnie"iio"*er'(ducks, geesband swans). Lhe penis is infection, nemorin"g"i"or'aff oiiFices maybe seen, and prolapse of parenchymatous present_in all bi may corffnon. Disseminat6dnecrosis and hemorrhige In tne-morefuffy developeddisease, raised green plaques-(enanthematous &d;a. ieiionsl anO fympnoid neciosis in the digestive tract are also typical. Participants discussedother herpetic diseasesof birds. Contributor. Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, WesternCollege of Veterinary ueoiffiffisityofSaskatchewan,SaskatoonS7N0|v). Suooestedreadlnq. ffiYui11,T.M.:Vertica]transmissionofduckp1aguevirus (DpV) Oi apiarently healthy DPVcarrier waterfowl. Avian Dis. 25(4):795-800' 198I' Chapt?4, in Diseasesof Leifiovilz, L.:- Duckpiague (duck virus enteritis). p o u l t r y , 7 th E d ., H o fsta d ',l " t.S .et al. ( eds) , Iowa State Univer sity Pr ess, Am es , L978, pp 62I-632. M o n t a l j - , R . J . , M i t c h e l 1 ,':. . B . , _ a n 9 GMed'-Attot r e , e n w e '1 lL69('9)z-954-958' , G . A . : A n e p o r L976' niticofduckvira Am. Vet' du ck enteritis j.n a zoological park. of An outbtr eak R .0 ., ste i n r 9 .,- Nouiir ", ' r ' ,:N: et a1' : waterfowl' Avian Dis' M o n t g ome ry, iio"x oi mixeo virus enteritis (duck plague) in'"'i"iiii! t"t}i"3?1;it3: or duckplasuein rhebursaor Fabricius,thvmus, 3??tparhosenesis and spieen.' Am. J. Vet Rei. 372 427'43I, L976' CaseIV - 83-102-1(AFrPl9rorl! fssue f i , mfrom a 1 e ,ar ematu dbirdofp.3rad,ise.-^Ihi:-P::d.:::.th" S ;il:;;;.;,;-;;""ii"s-ii cap!lYlll' !1:^!:Y?1.1"'l-!"L:,v:*: -Hiil;-e911i1i?L ;i;'j"i"":*;=;Hi ilffi"*-r;;-ffi ^?1il::**'.:::.:::: :?*"0 li";iil;'H; ;;;;';;;"i;:b"ottiy, ;;::!i:31:o,il!^:1ll:::h,,:: ffii ::'::T:::":' the only lesion noted was an enlarged deep died] he revert"J first, puul uul lLJr L-LIJI I ql brownliver "nb brown liver' Gross PathoLogy. The only lesion noted was an enlarged deep Contributor's Diagnos-ee!r lernrnent. 1) Hemosiderosis, chronic' severe, etiology e, secondarYto {}' unkn finding in manyfamilies of is a common liveis of Iron cont"ining-pifimeniation birds. often tne pisrTrEnijiionis-accompaniedwith Liver !i9ea1e;,^Mt-9i::::"", in birds of paradise. Griner (1983) reports 32 appears to be particularly common ;F-40 birds of paradise niO brown pigment, presumedto be lipofuscinr in theof the report on hemosiderosis Assink and Frankenhuissen! I comprehensive liver. liver in birds of-paradlse to all zoos housing these species. They point out that most commercialdiets have iron contents too hign for these species. The Houston Zoo had eliminated alL foods with excessively high iron prior to this birdrs death. A11 birds of paradise receiving necropsies have shownthis lesion. Most have been associated with severe liver disease. Analysis of available diet by constituents has shownreaching low dietary levels of iron recommended Frankenhuis impossible. This bird had been treated with j.ron chelating agents for over a year. At first the response was dramatic but eventually he died. His daughter, the onlyOirO of paradise born in captivity, is now two years o1d and is slow1y dying- -She has been treated for over a year. Mynah birds are also susceptible and are being used at the Houston Zoo to dlvelop an implant for slow release of Lhe chelating agents. Hopefully, with more consLant blood levels, the treatment will be more successful over the long term. AFIP Diagnoses. I) Hepatitis, chronic, diffuse, mild, with diffuse intrffipatocytesandKupfferce]-]-s)granu1arpigment,I9dbird-of diffuse, Kupffer cells, paradile, avian. 2) Acid fast bacilli, intracellular, liver. Conference Note. Participants noled the brown granular pigment is present primffitocytesa1thoughsomeisseenwithinKupfferce11s.Specia1 The lesions are cornpatible with conditions of stains confirm the pigment as iron. excessive iron storage which are commonlyseen in birds of paradise, mynahbirds, In a study of thi-s condition in mynahbirds, Gosselin and Kramer and quetzals. hatching' (]9g3) report that stainable iron is delectable as early as l0 days-after peggneration hydronig and that the earliest lesions ooieived (1 month of age) were They have concluded that this of hepatocytes with mitd periporial fibrosis. condition is not diet=induced. In African Bantu natives, lesions typical of diet-induced iron overload are characterized by iron deposits within reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, spleen and bone marrow. In contrast, iron OJpo"it" in affected exotic birds, and in humanswith idiopathic hemochromatosis, are heaviest within hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is frequently seen in birds and in humanswith high hepatocellular i.ron concentrations. In humanswith idiopathic hemochromatosis,it has been suggested that defective reticuloendothelial uptake of i.ron results in high saturation of circulating transferrinl this, in turn, stimulates uptake of iron by parenchymalcellsr_ There is evidence that iron may then produce cellu1ar especially hepatoiytes. Oahageby- weakening lysosomal membranesso that acid hydrolases are released into This iction on the membranesmay be the result of the formation of the iyto|lasm. free radicals which then produce lipid peroxidation (stanbury, it/yngaarden' Fredrickson et a1., 1981). Another finding in this case was numerousacid-fast bacilli in the macrophages that also contained some of the iron pigment. These were confirmed with an Auramine-o-Rhodominestain with fluorescent microscopy. The identity of the pink material which surrounds vessels and radiates out between sinusoids, fibrillar could not be confirmed as being either collagen or amyloid with special stains. l{hile some participants thought the material to be collagen, the moderator felt that it was characteristic of amyloid which he commonlysees in bird livers particularly in view of the attendant mycobacteriosis. Contributor.gox Zffiqffion, University of Texas Medical School, ComparativeMedicine, P.0. Texas 77025. Suggestedreading. Frye, F. L. t lion storage disease (hemosiderosis) in an African rock hyrax (Procavia capensis). J. Zoo An. Med. 13: 152-156, 1982. @.,andKramer,L.W.:Pathophysio1ogyofexcessiveironstorage in mynahbirds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181(11): I238-I24A, 1983. Griner, L. A.: Pathology of Zoo Animals, Zoological Society of San Diego, p9 262-264. Lowenstine, L. J. and Petrak, M. L.: Iron pigment in the livers of birds. In The ComparativePathology of Zoo Animals. Montali, R. J., and Migaki, G. (Eds.), 9nithsonian Institution Press, 1980, pp I27-L75. R a n d e l l , M . G . , P a t n a i k , A . K . , a n d G o u l d , w . J . : H e p a t o p a t h ya s s o c i a t e d w i t h excessive iron storage in mynahbirds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 179(11): ]:ZI/t-IZr7, 1981. s t a n b u r yJ, . 8 . , w y n g a a r d eJn. 8 , . , F r e d r i c k s o nD, . s . e t a l . : Basis of Inherited Disease, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Co., 1983. T h eM e t a b o r i c D A V r DL . F R T T Z ,V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology Results - No' 18 Slide Conference AFIP Wednesday / FebruarY 1985 Johnson, LTC, VCt USA ConferenceModerator: Anthonv J. AcvP Diolomite, Cnitf, PathologYDivision uS Army Medica] R;;;;;;h rnstitute Ft. Delrick, MD 2L7OL of rnfectious Disease t"'"-T=;=Ut"?'#$-5f!*?utF??*3ih -EStor:v.- .i"?:[3i'o!iili]""c[;i;iheirer.r5outoriz F:tesL-T =:l*:: nembtanes' pale"11::,: mucus ,iinr-or-anorexia, gxcess excess discharse' nasa] i#^!"i:r3,";XiT"l!fi'l9its,-cougnins,-'nr.-pururent 7-10 for ffifi were-apparent and palpably enlargei-;lp;;ii;iai'tympn' pdqs wggks died ovgr "--"*::;-:-=-,,^^^,rrr,'r anr naca'l .ischarog. salivation old dog runs (dogsremoved3 daysprior to oeiin. calves *"i"-o;ing-riiseo'ii-r and crushedoats' monthsprior to ri") and being rec mill replacer GrossPathology.Autopsieson]calvesshowedemaciationwithmobilizationof body##;;1;;-i6"""'iii="orv*pn"o"noplt|Y:1y'phnodesen}arged rn one musctel-nere pare ano'nad a mottied appearance. and oedematous, skeletar were seen petechial haemorrhages calf there was pale streaking oF-tn"-my-ocaroium. iuopf"u""ffy, suOendocardially and subcutaneously had a nolmocytic nornochrcrnic Laboratory ResuLts. clinically affected calves as 14%. anamrow Glomerulonephritis ' Contributor r s Diagnoqis-g-gomment. Lymphadenitis' SarcocYsto::s,' i" 9i1f by lymphoid hyperplasia in the cortex ngde: Lvmph iytpnifuitis'cniracterized by lymphocytesand plasma and paracortex. ihJ-t"Ouffary coiOi """ OistehOe'Owith haemosiderinladen o"O"titort and filleO ce1ls. Medullary sinuses parasite are pr€sent' """ macrophages. tmberate numbersoi-i"nitonts of a sporozoan which-are Kidnev: There are multiple foci of mononucleaicell aggregations and between + cortex the in sites more promlnenEin perivascular'"nO-fi.ligiornerular materiar proteinaceous contained tubures in the renal medulra. s.r"-gl.ilruli and necrosis' undergoing.degeheration ilere otneis while within Bowman'sspace, snall tubuLes' some proteinaceous exudate and ceuurir debris is pieseit ii numbersof schizonts are present, usually-located in.glomeruli' pneumonitil with mild thickening of Luno: A diffuse subacute inierstitiil oedemaand mononucLearcerl int"trobuLar septa due to interstitial Sonearterioles and into alveoli' "ru"#"ni M"rltifocat fraemorrhage infiltration. numberof schizonts wete A small capillaries contained fibrinous-miciothrombi. found in endothJfiji-ceUs of blood vessels throughout the.lyngt' is in [eeping with naturally occurring The gross pathology and hi;[;pitnoiogy Sarcosystosis. and expeiimentilly probuced bovine AFIPDiaqnoses.})Protozoalschizonts,endothe]iaIcells,.Iung'}vmo|.lode'kidnffii;6.-ii-FnJ,'onitis,subacute,diffuse,mi1d,withmu}tifoca1 subacute, diffuse' intra-alveolar fr"rno""n"g", fung.- 3l Nephritis, interstitial, sp' sarcocystis with tito, kidney; etiology-lcompatiole that the ConferenceNote. In the lymph node of this case, participants ngte! the of meou@ Prominent and there is i-ncreasedcellularitY lymph paracort-ex. Al1, however, agreed that it reoresents a normal immunoreactive node. unlike ruled out' diagnosig, toxoplasmosis must be In the differential as well as cells Sarcocystis spp, ToxePlaffi readily.infeg!1-parenchvmal necrotizing more ivpicarrv of toxoptasmori.!'"t6 en?orffir- celis-ThEGions in acute salcocystosis'diffuse diseasEs.--;i;G;;i, than mostother protozoal disorders (DIC) and hemorrhagemay endothelial damageresulting in-JJaguf"iion the Ultrastructurally' result in widespiead necrosis re!!*6ii"g-t"xoplismosis' the of in that those ro*oiitt*. 9in Oe biii"i"ntiated meronts of Sarcocystiq vacuole; by a parasitophorous "nOthe rffi"fi-c'iopl-asm Iatter are sepaFatEdfrom host cell (0uney, speer' the of those of the ro"r"i are within ine cytoprism is rarely observedin cattle' Epling, I9a2). Finally, acute ;;;di;;osis provided someevidence involving A recent study by Frelier and Lewis (1984) has profound anemiaseen in acute Coombs-positiveihti'OoOies and-"otpi"t"ni, yiln the of Sarcocystis of domestic sarcocystosis. An excellent reviei-of tn" life cycle animal! was written by Dubeyin L976' contributor. N.s.fr;Tffi oranget Agricultural Research& Veterinary centre, Forest Road, 2800. Suooestedreading. fBarrows, f i s t w o oP.d , A . K . , A d a m s , D . D . e t a 1 . : D parasitol. e v e l . o p m58(4)z e n t 9 674-680, ! L982' in lrre pig. J. 1977 Erber, suicanis sarcocvstis -------.- -f sarcocystis of domestic animals'and of other ;;;i& uuoey, ,. lfr c o c c i d i a o f c a t i a n d d o g s . J . E m f f i d . A s s o c . 1 6 9 ( 1 ) : 1 0 5 1 - 1 0 7 8 , lnewborn 9 7 6 . c al v es Epling, G. P.: Sar cocystosisin D u b e y ,J . p ., S p e " rl C . A ., C coy6tes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 4l(12):2147-2164, reo Grc66vstis cruzj. ,po"o"y.is " nfrorn - L982. OuOey,J. p.: Clinical Sarcocystosisin calves fed Sarcocystis hirsuta 19.83_-- - - i i 6 f i e r , Vet. Path. 2o: 90-9,8, 'and sporocyst3. -p ,'; . ,-1 l " yn e *, L . G. Pollock, R. : Bovine sar cocystosis: pathologic ieaturel ;i'naturally occurri-ng iniection with Sarcocystis cruzi. z 6 5 L -6 5 7,1979. 4 0 (5 ) Am- e r .J . V e t . R e s. Hematologicand coaguLationabnormalities in il.: R. Frelier, p. F. and Lewis, 'A m. J. Vet. Res. 45( 1) : 40- 48r _l?84. a c u t e b o v i n e sa rco cysto si s. M c 0 a u s l an dI., F ., B a d ma nR, . T., Hidesr _S.et al.: M u1tiple appar glt Sarcocyiiii ab6rtion in four bovine herds. Cornell Yet. 74: I47-I54, 1'9W. Case II - BGSM.Deot CornoMed 8120 (AFIP 1947389)- irrel monkeY(Saimiri sciureus). It died shortly hypothermic. and dehydraLed The ETiifr?ffi'as discovered weak, thereafter. Grosspathology. Both kidneys wereshrunken,firm and diffusely tan to pale [email protected] and the thorax containedapproximately15 ml of light yellow fluid. LaboratorvResu1ts. Results of examinationof blood samplesdrawnimmediately prioffiathareasfoI1ows:HCI.28%;sodium.I54meq/L; potassium- 6.5 meq/L;TSP- 5.2 gm/d1;BUN- 155mg/dl; cleatinine - 2.1 mg/dI' Contributor's Diagnosis& Comment.Glomerulonephritis,chronic, diffuset interstitial fibrosis. seve findings in common-neeropsy RenalJ.esions,principally glomerularchanges,are changeshavebeenfound in in our. adurt squirrel monkeys "Jiil:--;;"it-si;*l"uirt :;".--L"iionr ippirentry, frogress in severity months';i Five as young as animals and tubular damage secon-oary with increasing age and in older .niilir. can leid ib and azotemiaare found in death from renal iailure. Proteinuri-a,Oehydraiion Althoughthe affected animals and someanimalsmaydevelgpd; nephrotic.syndrome' there is . iugg"lt1on of a familial predisposition to the etiology is unknown oevelo[inentof glomerulonephritis. AFIP Diagnosis. GlOmerulonephritis, membranoproliferative, severe, witn secffi""V-ir6"fo-inlerstitial r e v e - v t chronic, diffuset lesions, kidney, squirrel monkey' Saimiri sciureus, Primate. Conference Note. Virtually all glomeruli in this case are hypercellul.ar; lh" i . n " " f f i ( e n o o i n e r i i r u e r 6 u s m e s a n g i a 1 ) c a n n o t b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d . a t t h ein pink Withfi most glomeruii, there^i.s an increase ligha-;i;"oi"opi.-level. 'wire thj-ckening are Ioops" 6haracteristic of membranous -ofiogeneousmaterial and as interpreted are changes seen around the periphery of manycapillary loops,-the of areas focal glomeruli contain itOOitionllly, some rerOrinoproUferitiv'e. (caiping) rEminiscent of earry crescent formation. nyperptasia |"1i;aji-epitheriat Crescents ate aggregat'e"of monocytesaid hyperplastic parietal epithelial ceLls ald are the which line Bowmaits-space,sometimescompreisingthe capillary-tyf!' (nobbins, Kumar' -otran, 1984). Occasionalhallnrark of severe gtbmerutar damage glomerular synechiations were aLso noted. changeswere considered by participants to be a Tubular and interstitial consequenceof the glomerular lesions. The changesinclude focal tubuLar Oilatation and epitFe1ial degeneration and atrophy. Manytubules contain an amorphouseosinoirnilic material (proteinaceous). A considerable amountof sometimestubular epithelial, mineralization is presentr aE intelstitia1, hemosiderin iigment is present in diffuse aggregates. Adventitial expansion and thickening of iessel walls (similar to changesseen in hypertension) were also noted. The Departnent of Nephropathologyfound the glomerular changesto be consistent with membranoproliferative glornerulonephritis, and are similar to changes^theysee in systemic li.rpus and post-itreptococcal glomerulonephritis. They enphasize,. however, that accurate assessrnentof glomerular lesions can only be madeon thin, l-micron sections (not submitted in this case), ot on ultrastructural examination. Renal lesions in squirreJ- monkeyssimilar to those seen in this case, were reported by Stills and Bullock in 1981. Gray School of Contributor. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, Bowman 27Lo3 . North Carolina r,rcdiiTiilfrifrffih-Salem, g"rqoestedreadino. - ffiLehner,N.D.M.:Nephroticsyndromeincho1estero1-fed squirrel monkeys(Saimiri sciureus). Fed. Proc. Vl: 652, 1972. .Fe1dman,D:B.@.:Thenephroticsyndromeassociatedwith glomerulonephritis in a rhesus monkey(Macacamlrlatta). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 155(7): 1249-L252, 1969. R o b b i n s,S . L ., C o tra n , R . S ., and Kumar ,V.: PathologicBasis of Diseas e. lrd E d . , W . B . S a u n d e rsC o ., 1 9 8 4, pp 1009- 1011. Stills, H. F. Jr., and Bullock, B. C.: Rena1disease in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri 6): 38-44, 198L. -frm,mT- sciureus). Vet. Path. l8(Suppl Evidence for sol-uble j.mmunecomplexesin the pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis of quartan malaria. The Lancet, 283-285, Feb 8, 1969. ' CaseIII - N84-555(NIP 1947696) This dog had ==.---iffiold male Golden retriever. Hr-storv. rr.ssue.,:Y,l'^:^'_:{=::;:i:_';:-: He had pre ;;;i" ro oresentation. Dlior to Uif"lerai epistaxis^5. months""inr sufferecr ,nt"*iilEnt prior to months fq".? been treated with sub-therapeutic-dor", of tetracycline. had lived in Sicily for l presentation. The dog had been ;"i;;A in Floridt, Out punchbiopsy and years before onr"i.--E Oi"gnosis was renderedon i randomskin bone maxrowaspirate. The owner elected euthanasia. GrossPathology.Thebonemarrowwasabundant,thick'andveryred'Therewas 'iroffi'.''nI"'i-1ympnadenopathy.Noskin1esionSwereappreciated grossly. Total protein=I0.0 grams/dl with LaboratorYResults. WY=24%1 with mature neutrophilia, Ehrlichia can].s nype@16,700 titer=l:2 1560. Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment.Dermatitis, superficial, granulomatous, seve The protozoii'oiEEfrfms-fi'ad'a distinet nucleus and kinetoplast and were thought be moit liXely Leishmaniadonovani. Although no skin lesions were noted to c1inical1y,organiffiinhistiocytesfromvariouspartsofthe mites were considered to be incidental in this caser as body. Octisional Demodex The dog also had a the inflarrnation wESaFcentered around hair follicles. multifocal granulomatoushepatitis, splenitis, lymphadenitis, and pneunonia, with organismsin each organ, as well as in bone marrow. No organismsconsistent with Ehilichia canis were discovered. An antemortemdiagnosis was madein this case by ffithef1ank,andbonemarrowaspirates.Skin1esionsand hyperglobulinemia are important findings in diagnosing Leishmania. Phlebotomussp. are one type of vector. AFIP Diagnosis, Derrnatitis, granulomatous,multifocal Lo diffuse, rnild, with protozoal amastigotes, skin, golden retriever, canine. numeF6ffiElfill$iocytic ConferenceNote. In Lhese HE€sections, kinetoplasts are difficult to v is u f f i a - h i s t i ocyti ca ma sti g o te sp er hapsduetodegr adativeeffects of lysosomal enzymes. A Price-Giemsastain demonstratesthe presence of numerous kinetoplasts. The differential diagnosis included other protozoa with leishmaniaL (amastigote) stages, namely Trypanosoma cruzi. Although stages of the latter can be seen within macrophages,@ are seen within somatic cells, chiefly myocardial ceLIs. Morphologically the amastigotes of Leishmaniaand Trypanosoma are virtually indistinguishable to ail excepr unosEfffiTor orcomparative experience. Viscerai- leishmaniasis, as a chronic disease of man, is knownas kala-azar. Various animaLbreeds axe knownto be reservoirs of humanviscetal leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean,China,,and South America. In the moderatortsexperience, dogs have been implicated in all forms of leishmaniasis, including the cutaneous, visceral, and mueocutaneous forms. Onefocus of endemiccanine leishmaniasis has been reported in an 0klahomakennel where dogs had not traveled outside the United States (Anderson,Buckner, Glenn et aI., I9g0). L e i s h m a n i a S p p . h a v e a d i g e n e i c t i f e c y c l e d u r i n gof w hthe.insect i c h . l h u y a vector s s u m eand extrE-cEffir-fr'a'geuated forms in-tn" ari-mentaiv-i""ct Iiver' roims *itn'n *lttopntges of the spleen' obrigate intraceii;il;;";iig"t. and Sone marlow of the mammalianhost' actin axe plesent in membranes There are indications that tubulin and perhaps these of L. donovani.. tt is possible in"t-noit "'ntiooby,i: gi:::!ed-aoainst elements in tne 1983)' in host cell-s (Pateraki, Portocala, LaBrousseet al'' college of Departmentof comparative & Experimental.Pathotogy, contributor. -. 32610' Florida FioiiOa, Gai-nesvi1le, Veterinary Medi(in"l-[niu"iiity "i reading. Suooested ffickner, Rr G., e]gll, B. L.: et ar': Endemic canine leishmaniasi3. Vet. Path. L7z 94-96' 1980' Chaot 51, in Clinical C h a p m a nl,r J . U . : r . , a n d H a n s o n , W ' - L , . : L e i s h m a n i a s i s ' Cat. w. B. SaunbeE Co., I98/r, Microbiblogy anO Infectious Diseases of the Dog and pp 764-770. com plex F l e m m i n g s,B . J., P a p p a s,M. 9 ., Keenan,C' M ' et a1' : Imm une for test complement-fixation in'a use foi of'canihe iera deconplementatj-on L984' 55V-559' fiU)z diagnosis of visJeial leishmanlasis. Am. J. Trop'.M"9' Hy^g' the of HilI, J. 0.: Resistanceto-cri"n"ou" leishmaniasis: A-quired ability 45(1) z L27-L3?' host to kirr parasites at the siie oi infection. rnfect. & rmmun. July 1984. Cytotoxicity of human Hoover, D. L., Berger, M:, oppenheim,M: l: et al': alternate serumfor Leishmania donovani am'aitigotei: Antibody facititation of ;'pi#;tffirring.-Infect.&Irrrnuno1.47(Dz247-252,L985. in Keenan,C. M:; fflnOri.Xt, D:, iigntner, L. et a1.: Visceral leisl'rmaniasis pathology' clinical and disease, srrepneid;og. r.'rniicli6n, clinical the German Vet. Path. 2Iz 74-79r 1984. --i r^:^q---i^^r^ Keenan,C. M., H6n-ricks,D., Lightner.,f. et aI.: VisceraLleishmaniasisin tn. - - eiitin'snepneid dog. ft. patnology. Vet. Path. ?It 80-85t.1984'. t., eort6cala, R., u"e"6usse,H..et aJ.: Antiactin and antitubulin il$aki, 1983' antibodies in canine vi.sceral l6isnmaniasi!. rnfect. & rmrnrn.422 496-500' Disease' of Robbins,S.-L., Cotran,R. S.' andKumarr-V.:PathologicBasis Co., fniladelphia, 1984, 9p 37I-773' trl. B. Sarnrders LilI Case IV - XMC2$29 SSUE History. . r * 9 9 V - t . 4 Res Labs (AFIP L948T5O). ' - - " ' - - - - - e 50ra ley rat that was given a single at s-e *""k:^glj5:, oral savaseoose-oi-zo*s of difiethylbenzint6racene compound. given an experimental lillil^1 was then ine rat srq4 vsve months, mamnatytumors dEveloped. Gross pathology. At necropsy, multiple firm white nodules were present within rungffielewere'muitiprumammary.masses.0thersimi1ar1ytreated tumors without visceral l-esions. ratf nad only mamrnary Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment. Mast ceIl tumor, vi-sceral' poorly circumscrioed noduies conposedof moderately large fiolygonat to stellat! cells. The cells had round to oval 6peh-fiied nuclei and abundantcytoplasm containing brigr-'tlY miOiunr-.si2eO, whenstained with toluidine The granules were meta-chromatic granules. eosinophilic blue. Mitotic figures were moderately numerous. Electron microscopy demonstrated and contained finely secretory granuleS that were boundedby thin membranes granular matxices and occasionally, small, tight whirls. (The rodent mast cell granule does not contain well-formed, membranous scrolls that are often seen in nonrodents.) Cutaneousor intestinal mast cel-1 tumors were not observed. The mast cell tumor was felt to be an incidental finding, not relaLed to treatment with either DMBA or the experi.mentalcompound. 0ther lesions included mononuclearinfiltrates of peribronchial areas and portal triads and a suppurative bronchiolitis associated with a pulmonartumor. A|IP Diagngses. 1) Mast cell tumor, lung, Sprague-Dawley rat, rodent. z) uroncnopneumonia.r pyogranulomatous,subacute to chronic,'t4ycopias;a diffuse, severe, with bronchieetatic abscesses, lung; etiology--suggestive of puirotiii-infection. Epithelial,hyperplasia is present in manyof the ectatic *_^ 9P?!?rgnce-,Note. oroncnloJ-esNumerousplasma celIs, someof which contain Rusie1l bodies, arpresent in the lung parenchymasurrounding the tumors. Tumorcells in various areas of the tumor contain numerousgranules with Luna mast cell_stain, but equivocally with Giemsa. The fact that which stain these granules are variably eosinophilic with H&Eis unusual for mast gr.nri"s. cell The paucity of eosinophils in this tumor is unusual for most mast cell tr-rfro;s;-;a granular constituents include an eosinophil cnJmotactic factor. nooitioniliy, histamine has been shownto be chemotact:.ctor-eosinophils, if only mildly. Mast cell tumors, rare in rats, are more comrnon in other domestic species. rn dogs and cats they aie associated.witn gastii"-nyp""acidity and gastroduodenal urceration' This is in part due to hisiamine-type tr receilto"i on gastric parieta1 and resultins hyperchrorhydria, and to the ::+1:^:1!i1ng^lvp"rstimuration oeJ-etereouseffects of mast cerl proteolyil6 ----r enzyneson ' vr' the e"u walls wqr of vessels in the stomach and other organs. Contributor. Lilly Research Labs, p.0. Box 70g, Greenfield, rndiana 46L4o. S?ggestedleading. LLngeman'c:-H:i- comparativeaspects of mastocytoses. Nationar cancer Inst. Monograph32: 289-295, 19'69. Moulton, J' E. (Ea.): Tunors in DomesticAnimals. SecondEdition, university of California press, Berkeley, pp 26_33. sass, B': The occurrence'or'a bilaieral mandibular mast cell neoplasmin a mousewith lymphocytic leukemia. Lab. -erii. Anim. Sci. z9(4), iii_i)a, 1979. E.: Tumors of ,rrol"t*, the ixin. ri"id. Hrrh.'org.-soir-zlr 595-596, u17, D A V I DL . F R I T Z . V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoqy Department of Veteriniry pathoibgy Results AFIP lrJednesday Slide Conference - No. 19 13 FebruarY 1985 Conference Moderator: James B. Moe, DVM,PhD LTC, VC, USA Diplomate, ACVP Director, Division of Pathology of Research Walter Reed Army Institute Viashington, DC 2O3O7 CaseI - 84-0001 (AFIP L94942D. nth-o1dma1eFischerf44rat.Thisanima1wasin the Contiolgroup on a 2-year chronic toxicity-oncogenicity study and was sacrificed in a moribundcondition. Gross Patho'logy. t{lltiple yel1ow-tan nodules, 2 mm'or less in diametet wete presffia1andviscera1peritoneum,withthemostextensive involvement occurring in the scrotal sac. There were aLso multiple pale masses noted in both testicles which were 2-5 mmin diameter. Contributorts Diagnoses& Comment. Mesothelioma,tuniea vaginalis propria. Leyd rat. In our laboratory, naturally-occwring mesotheliomashave been observed in approximately V.6%of the male Fischer 344 rats on oncogenicity studies. lv'lesotheliomasappear to arise from the serosal surface of the testes/epididymides and have a rather characteristic shaggy-granular appearance. These tunors frequentJ.y extend into the abdominalcavity and affect the visceral and parietal peritoneum with the accumulation of dark ascitie fluid. Tumorshistologically appear as dense accumulations of mesothelial cells or papillary structures covered by a single layer of neoplastic mesothelial celLs. Small tumors are not i.nfrequently seen in randomsections of testes and epididymides which grossly appeared norrml and must be differentiated from atypical mesothelial proliferations. The pathogenesis of this naturally-occurrj-ng tumor is unknwon, however, audioradiographic studies of rat mesotheliumwith ['Hl tnymidine have demonstrated an increase incorporation of the radioaetive label in mesotheliun covering the testis as comparedto other sites. Interstitial celL tumors of the testis were also present and are observed in almost all Fischer rats in long-term studies in our laboratory. (Leydig) cell tumor, testis, Fischer 344 rat, AFIP Diagnoses. 1) Interstitial t) rooelrEf-ZfTti6ffi, seminiferous tubule, diffuse, moderite, testis. lGsothelioma, tunica vaginalis, testis. Qq4lerence NA!q. The atrophy of the seminiferous tubules which surround the 1ar@1].tumor(IbT)wasthoughtbyparticipantstobeduetothe pressure from tumor expansion. Correspondingly, manytubules contain pink granular material thought by most to be normal secretory products which have accumulated within the tubules due to compressionof the tubule and blockage of the outflow. Someslides contain additional sections of testicle in which small foci of interstitial cell hyperplasia oecasionally coalesce to form a larger nodule which would be termed an adenomaby some. The moderator pointed out that in the opinion of someworkers, the interstitial cel1 hyperplasia becomesan adenomawhenthe size of the nodule exceedsthe size of a normal seminiferous tubule. ICT is a common finding in ol-der Fl44 rats; commonly,there will be unilateral involvement, with atrophy of the contralateral testicle. ICT in the rat is often a functional-neoplasm, and participants speculated that contralateral atrophy could be accomplishedthrough negative feed mechanisms stemmingfrom increased testosterone, or due to the direct effects on the contralateral testicle of a metabolite of testosterone--estrogen. l'lesotheliomasarising from the tunica vaginalis are also seen with variable incidence in different strains of rat. Occaiionally, they extend into the abdominalcavity and are responsible for a brown ffuiO which fills the abdomenAbdominalmesotheliomasmay strangulate the intestines. ICT must occasionally-be differentiated from tumors of adrenal rests; this may be difficult histologically and ultrastructurally due to numeroussimilaiities. The latter usually occurs on the surface of the ipermatic cord or in the region of the rete, but very rarely in the substaneeof the testis (Mostpfi, Bresler r-lil1. Contributor. Dow chemical co., Marnmarianand Environmental Toxicology Research Building, Midland, Michigan 48640. Suggestedreadino. ffiRice,M.M.:Mesothe1iomasandpro1iferative1esionsofthe testicular mesothelllrt-producedin_Fischer, Sprague-Dawley -Vet. ind Buffalo rats by -' Methyl(aeetoxynethyl)nitrosamj.ne(DMN-oAcj] path. Ikz 574-582, I97t:G o o d m a nD_ , .G:, Wa rd ,J: M., S quir e, R. A. et al.: Neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rati. Toxicol. & Appl,-Fnarmcol. 48t 237-248, 1979. t'bstofir F. K., and Bresler, V. M.: Tumoursof the testis. In pathology of Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Vol. r,' Part 2, rnternational Agencyfor Researchon ' i Cancer, Lyon, L976, pp 115-150. Turusov,.V. S. (Ed.): Pathol0gy of Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Vol. n Tumoursof the Mouse. rnternationii Rgencyfor Researchon bancer, r-yonl-illi, pp t 1338. Case II - 4-2V2-3tE (nffp LUry. 1962597). tJ.SSUe IrOm a year-old female beagle. This moderately overweight wasa control doo in a toxicity study. The findinEs were incidental atnecropsy. Modified Knottrs test was negative. 9f?:ftPiitto+9slr and slightfyGilarged., i a f t l :*^:t13.,. Th:_lly=oid,^conraininsdirfuse muiarv white spots, wasrirm w s 9 r : 4 poisible lymphoio hyperjiasia were noted .Scattered'foci-of pirofilaria. gl:, :d:1! female irTiai,r';;;-i;u;e-Ii'tn" risht X"0."::+:."::.o-:?:}l^l:*"1esanoffip,r'""""y-;d;;y:-"in"right A.V. valve was thi.ckened. 1_s6erstsry Results. Over 6 monthsof biweekly bleeding for CBCand SS9l^tt9:.! o"'"ffiiX'io"i"r-;;6";.ln:l..y:;^i:::*::?:t-:::inophi1ia(up to zxi-chorEiierorreversconsistentrvransedfrom $';fi:il ;$;hgi"-Gp 2OI-245 mg/dI. Con trib u 1 )T h y ro i d i t i s , 1y m phop1as m ac y t i c , c hronj .c' id glahd' 2) Arteriosclerosis' early' Oiss iritO to moderate, trabecular arteries, spleen. -multifocat, Familiif :.ympno"Viicthyioiditis has been repbrted 1n numerouscolonies of laboratorv oea6f!s.-'rne majority of the animals'are asymptomaticthough occasional the cl-assic-clinical si.gns of hypothyroidism including obesity' ilh;ia-Oispfai thinned aloirecic skin, heat seeking activity, and varying degrees of hyperlipidemia. In our colony, tha overall incidence of thyroiditis in those dogs with a relatively high incidence of hyperplastic and exim:.nebappeals to be 10-15%animals. In this study, the incj-dencewas affected in neoplastic lesions benign in the study, 9 were found to have 24 animals total of out of a even-highei. variable severity; of these, -5 also of thyroiditis lymphoplasmacytic lymphoid or n!O'mitO arteiibsclerotic- lesion3. Blood lipid levels range from normal in animals with histologically severe lymphocytic thyroiditis to consistent leve1s near 400 mg/dl in animals witn mild thyroid lesions. Chronic high leve1 of circulating blood lipid are attributed to a net decreasein lipid catabolism in the hypothyroid animal and can lead to severe systemic atherosclerosis. In our. animals arteriosclerotic lesions have been demonstratedonly in the spleen. The relatively mild lesions noted in the splenic arteries of this animal may be related to chronic low grade hyperLipidemia. It is interesting to speculate what lesions might have occurred over time in this animal. AFI! Diagnoses. I) Thyroiditis, interstitial, lymphocytic (Hashimotors-like diseffioderate,withfo11ieu1aratrophy,thyroid,beag1e,canine.2) Branchial cyst (on somemicroslides only), focaI, perithyroidal connective tissue. Confererce Note. Splenic arteriosclerosis diagnosedby the contributor was not presffimiiredbyparticipants.SomeIp1enicirteries,however, contain pale J.aminatedareas interposed betweenmuscular (medial) layers; this was thought by sone participants to be elastosis. The presenceof numerous megakaryocytesseattered throughout the spleen was thought to be normaLin a dog of this age (5 yrs). Unlike the disease in laboratory beagles, lymphocytic thyroiditis in pet dogs of various breeds is accompaniedby characteristic and someti.mes severe clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Thyroiditis in the beagle has manyirportant similarities to Hashimoto's disease (HD), to include a peak incidenc-ein middle-agedadults, and antibodies directed toward thyroglobulin, a second colloid anti.gen, and a microsomalantigen. Decreasedefficacy of suppressor T-lymphocytes has been thought to play a role in the disease. Due to these and other similaritigs, the laboratory beagle is an animal model for HD (Gosse1in, Capen, [4artin, f978). In a recent study by Aichinger, FiII, and Wick (1985), it has been shownthat the thyroid gland is not only the target, but is probably also intimately involved in the_production of auLoantibodies. They have demonstrlted the expression of Class II (HLA-DR)antigen by thyroid epithelial cells in humanpatients with HD. Class II histocompatibility antigens are normally only seen on antigen-presenting dendritic cells, lymphocytes). Their presenceon thyroid ce1ls (macrophages, epithelial eelli oi patients with HD suggests these cells are instrumental in promoting autoantibody production by plasma cells within the gland, _and are probably-aLsoinstrumbntal in inducing cytotoxic T-cel1s (Rose, 1985). Spontaneousforms of thyroiditis are also commonlyseen and studied in the obese strain of leghorn chicken and the Buffalo rat. Contributor. Division of Veterinary Medical Research,FDA, Agricultural neseEffi-Gin-Efl Be1tsville, Maryland 2o7O5. -Suqqestedreadino. Aichinger, G., FiIl, H., and Wick, G.: t'In situ" immunecomplexes, lymphocyte subpopulations, and HLA-DRpositive epithelial cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Lab. lnvest. 52(2)z I32-I4O, 1985. Fritz, T. E., Zeman, R. C., and ZeJ,Je, M. R.: Pathology and familial incidence of thyroiditis in a closed beagle colony. Exper. & Mo1ec. Path. 12: I4-VO, I97O. G o s s e l i n , S . , C a p e n , C . C . , a n d M a r t i n , S . L . : H a s h i m o t o r st h y r o i d i t i s . Ani.mal model of human disease. Am. J. Path. 9O: 285-288, L978. Gosselin, S. J., Capen,C. C., and Martin, S. L.: Histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in dogs. Vet. Path. 18: 299-309, 1981. Haines, D. M., Lording, P. M., and Penhale, Irrt.J.: Survey of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45(8)z 1497-1497, 1984, .beagles l'lanning, P. J.: Thyroid gland and arterial lesions of with familial . hypothyroidism and hyperlipoproteinemia. Am. J. Vet. Res. 40(6)t BZA-929, 1979. Manning,P. J., Corwin, L. A., and Middleton, C. C.: Famitial hyperlipoproteinemia and thyroid dysfunction of beagles. Exper. & t'trclec. Path. l-9: t7ut88, L97V . Rose,N. R.: Editorial: The thyroid gland as a soureeand target of autoirmunity. Lab. Invest. 52(2): ll7-119, fge5. D. A., Yates,A. J. eL aJ.: Spontaneous thyroiditis . _!"lgn!, J..-R., Senhauser, in BBlrlistar diabetic rats. Vet. path. ZOz522-530,Iggt, IIrJ.SSUe fXOm an a eaver (Castor carrqglqqsls). Multiple deaths one stream drainage yet no ctinTcTEiffin.- Gross Patholgg)r. An adult beaver was examined. There was moderatepostmortem autfficontai.nedmu1tip1esma11pa1efociofrandomdistribution. No other significant gross lesions were seen. Resul.ts. Cultures of the liver resulted in the isolation of a on bLood cystine agar. Subsequentbiochernical the isol-ate to be Francisella tularensis. Hepatic necrosis, acute, multifocar, :contributor's:?iagngsis & com severe. FrancLselJ_a tuJ.arensis. luraremia is a plague-like disease affecting a variety of animals and man. Previous reports from Montana have appeared in Lne literature (Hanrmersland,Jones, Child, 1940) (Jellison, Koh1, Butler et a1.). Hepatitis, necrotizi-ng, acute, multifocal, liver, rodent. beaver, ConferenceNote. Particlpants thought the walls of someveins adjacent to foci ofnffiotic,ofienwithaisociatedthrombi.Thediscussioncentered around the differential diagnosis which included infectious and toxic agents. Most agreed that a toxin would aifect the sameportion of each liver lobule, whereasthe distribution of lesions in this case is random. Infectious etiologies could include Francisella, Yersinia spp, viral agents (herpes & reoviruses), Sa1monella anoBaciffiomeinieccioisttersiniaanoTyzzer'soisEil bactffiusua].Vreadi1yseen.TheothersGildbedifficu1ttodifferentiate histopathologically. The amountof karyorrhectic debris present in necrotic foci was thought by most participants to exceedwhat would be present from dissolution of hepatocyte nucJ.ei alonel most thought the debris included fragments of inflammatory cells. A study by the moderator(Moe, Canonico,Stookeyet al., 1975) suggestedthat the ability of the host to mount a rapid ceIl-mediated immuneresponse is paramount in the outcomeof Francisella infections; the developmentof pyogranulomatous lesions was thougnTT6-5ffiq'uired to trigger the humoral response. In animals unable to develop cell-rnediated inrnunity rapidly enough, like the beaver in this case, survivability was J-ow. A recent study by Sandstromand po-workers (1984) suggests that the bacteriurmmust first multiply within macrophages before effective neutraU.zing antibodies can be producedby immunoeytes. Transmission of tuLaremia is somewhatunusual in that it may be acconplished via insect vectors (and transtadially within these), via water, or via aerosol. Sornesources report infection through intact humanskin. Contributor. 'Laboratory, MontanaVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Departmentof LiveFfotTlMar P.0. Box 991r. Bozeman,Montina i977L. Suqqestedreadino. ffii11y,J.R.:Tu1aremia.InInfectiousDiseasesof|{i1d Marmals,Chapt 18. Iowa State University Press, Ifts, pp 214-231. Buchanan,T. M., and Hook, E. |,rl.III: Tularemia. In Principles of Internal Medicine, lvlcGraw-HillBook Co., NewYork, I98V, pp 977-Tf9. Hamrnersland, H. L., and Joneschild, E. M.: Tularemia in a beaver. Clinical Data, 9t97, Jan 1940. Jellison, V{. L., Kohls, G. M., Butler, hl. J. et al.: Epizootic tularemia in the beaver, Castor canadensis, and the contamination of stream water with Fasteurella @. Hyg. i6z 16&182, Ig4z. @vix,A.,wbtr-watz,H.eta1.:AntigenfromFrancise11a . tularensis: Nonidentity between determinants participating in cell-rnffiEEti: ErffiirEffiactisrs. Iniect. & Immun.45(1): tbt-toe, I9B4: Case IV - R-I169-81 (AFIP L946348) (2 kodachromeslides rom a I /-mon ey r at. Gross Pathology. Lesion involving the right external ear canal and right side ofhffied4x4x3cmandoncutsurfaceconsistedmain1yofye11owish friable material. Occasionalcystic spaceswere present. auditory sebaceousgland (Zymbaltsgland Contributorrs Diagnosis. Adenoma, tumoiF rat, rodent. AFIP Diagnosis. Carcinoma,Zymbal's gland, Sprague-Dawley ConferenceNote. There i.s variation betweentumor sections in this ease. In some@imari1ysebaceous,itiswe11-circumseribedbyathinfibrous capsule, and the mitotic rate is 1ow. In other sections the neoplasmis predominantly squamous,there is no visible capsule around the mass, the mitotic rate j.s in excess af L2 in somehigh power fields, and someneoplastic epithelial cells can be seen invading the surrounding mesenchyme.The malignant character of this tumot, at least in someportions, is supported by the gross photographswhich depict invasion, ulceration and hemorrhageat the base of the ear. Vrtithin large cystic areas of the tumor are variable numbersof inflammatory cells, sorre bacterial colonies, and keratinaceous debris. Tumors-of Zymbalrs gland are rare in the rat accounting for 1% of spontaneous neoplasmsin this species. Mixed sebaceousand squarnous neoplasmsof the rat may also arise from preputial and clitoral glands. Oneconference participant reporled seeing spontaneoustumors of Zymbalts gland in mice on several occasions. Contribulor.- Departmentof Pathology, Smith K1ine & French Laboratories, 1500 p.0. Box 79?9, pnliioerphia, pennsylvania 19101. sprin]ffii-3Ereet, ^ ,, Syggestgd-reading, P1iss, G. B.: Tumorsof the auditory sebaceousglands. In F'amoJ.ogy of Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Turusov, V. S. (Ed.), Internitional Agencyfor Researchon CancernLyon, I97tr'pp ?VJA'. DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Departmentof Veterinary Pathology 6 Results AFIP f'lednesdaySlide Conference - No. 20 20 February 1985 Conference Moderator: Richard ltl. Voelker, DVM,PhD Diplomate, ACVP Department of Pathology Hazleton Laboratories 9200 Leesburg Turnpike Vienna, VA 22LBA CaseI - 84-406 (AFrP 19477A6 t female Long-Evansrat. The animal was pregnant pupped when and 7 days after arriving from the vendor. Oneof the 14 pups died at age 2 days. Damand pups appearedhealthy until 5 days after pupping at which time the dambecamelethargic, ataxic, dyspneic, and would not nurse her PUPS. She had a reddish nasal and ocular discharoe. Gross &Patholoqv. The lungs were diffusely consolidated with widespread1-3 rrn tan-white foci. The Iiver had a pale mottled appearance. No other gross lesions were seen. . Liboratory,Re?ultq. Samplesof lung were cultured and Corynebacteriun KUESCner1 $'aS lsolaEed. Contributor'e liqgnqs_is & Comment. Pneumonia,diffuse, caseopurulent; suba s, subacute, moderate, etiology--Corynebacterir.mkutscheri. S p e c i a i t i v e , a c i d f a s t n e g a t i v e , 1 o n g r o d s h a p e d bacteria (larger colonies did not stain well). The random, diffuse, coalescing foci of inflanrmation suggest hematogenous spread of the organism to the lung which is considered the likely route of entry in pulmonaryinfections. No primary source of infection could be found however. The gross appearanceof the liver correspondedhistologically to central lobular congestion and periportal hepatocellular vacuolation. Overt disease arising from latent infections have been associated with conditions lowering the host's resistence. In this case shipping, pregnarcy, and/or tlrc subsequentnursing of 13 pups likely aided jn exacerbating a Latent infection. Based on the degree of fibroplasia and type 2 ceII hyperplasia seen in someareas, it is speculated that the earliest inflammation began at least 4-6 days prior to sacrifice (at ot near the time the rat pupped). A list of differential etiologies would include bacteria causing septicemia (Pseudomonllg, galmonella) or possibly those causing bronchopneumonia ( streoEococcus.PasEeuretJ_a ). t - - - - AFI.P, Diagnosis. Pneumonia,necrosuppurative, chronic, multifocal and coaLescing, moderate, with numerousintralesional bacterial colonies, and diffuse mild pleuritis, lung, Long-Evansrat, rodent; etiology--compatibl,e with Corynebacteriumkutcheri. Conferencetlsle. Someparticipants preferred a diagnosis of granulomatousor pyog@urnonia;most,however,IeSerVegranu1omatousiorinf1arrrnatory processes involving predominantly macrophages,unLike this case. Oneparticipant noted that the multiple aggregates of neutrophils resemble fairly old abscessesin that they ate surrounded by macrophages,fibroblasts, and fibrous connective tissue (although scant). Finally, participants noted mild phlebitis of several pulrnonary veins within somesections. The features of latency involving the 'tAttstrain of the bacterium, and subsequentinduction of active infection involving the "K" strain, have not been thoroughly elucidated. Someauthors feeL that stress merely enhancesconditions for bacterial proliferation within target organs which have been seededduring latent j-nfections. Others feel that during active infections, the target organs (Iiver, 1ung, kidney) filter out bl-ood-bornevirulent (K) bacteria more efficiently than other organs, and are therefore affected most severely. The source of bacteremiais not known,but at least one author feels the colon and mesenteric veins maybe involved, particularly in mice (hteisbroth, scher, 1968). Contributor. o634- Pfizer Central Researeh,Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut Suggestedreading. Eb n i r s c h k e ,K ., Ga rn e r, F . M., Jones, T. C. ( Eds.) : Pathologyof Labor ator y ^ Animalsr.Vol. r, springer-Verlage, Newyork, L978, pp 89-90, zsr-zsz, r3g#L397-. F o r d , T . M ., a n d Jo i n e r, G. N .: pneumonia in a r at associateowitn Corynebaeterium pseudotuberculosis. A case report and literature survey. Lab. Anim. Care 18:. 22A-223,!968 , . K . , c a r t e r , G . R . e t a l . : p n e u m o n iian r a t s d u e t o . _ G i d d e n s ,w . E . , K e a h e y K infection with ccrynelggteliumkutscheri.. path. Vet. 5z zz7-2t7, 196g. Reddy' c. A;-ffid-m;l:T T:Eiffition of cytochromes in s6lected species of corynebacteria pathogenic to animals. J. Gen. MicrobioL. I28: 2379-ZVgt,'IggZ. Weisbrothr S. H., and Scher, S.! Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in the m o u s e . . I . R e p o r t o f a n o u t b r e a k , o a c t s p o n t a n e o u s infections. Lab. Anirn. Care 18: 451-458, p56: CaseII - 8t-79A9 GFIP 1948104). -old male Arab cross equine. The horse was dppey, anorexic and was.losing.weight rapidly. It was treated with antibiotics, vitamins and steroids with no improvementand was euthanatized after approximit6ty one month. Grossly, the liver was pale and firm and slightly reduced ih size. Liver copper wet .weight was 45 ppm, Lead--background . |abor,$Y-le9l-l1ts. 1ev@iveforrabiesandnosignificantbacteriawereiso1ated. Contributorrs Di nYPe is & C6mment. Hepatic fibrosis periportal, osis due to pyrrolizidine rn t h i s . c a s e , b e ri e ve d to b e _ !v.T a nsv lagwor t ( sbnegiojacobaea) . -AcutepoisoningPypyrroIizidinea1xa1oiosffiura11yasthe plants are unpalatable and animals do not consume enough for bile duct alkaloid toxicoses. acute toxicity. Horses_ and pigs appear to be more susceptive than cattle and sheep. FiOroiis generally is muchmore markedin cattl-e than in horses. In this case megalocytosis is very markedwith somecells being manytimes the normal size. The nu6learmembrane is accepting-the basic dye very strongly and the chromatin is fragmented. The nucleoli are singJ-eand very large.- The megilocytosis is thought to be due to -This an inhibition of mitosis although the synthesis-of ONnis normal. results in disrupted regeneration of hepatocyteswitn increase in size instead of division. This case camefrom the northern part of the Province from which we also recive cases of A1sike Clover poisoning, (TrefoLiumhydridum), however,in this poisoning [email protected] the early stages of Alsike poisoning bile duct hyperplasia does occur in the liter stages periportal fibrosis is a feature. Pvrrolizidine alkaloids have been demonstratedto cause lesions in young receiving thej toxin through the milk. Spongydegeneration of the CNShas been demonstratedin P.A. ooisonino. AFIP Diagnqsis. Cirrhosis, diffuse, moderateto severe, with multifocal mild to moderateperipoital hepatitis, and diffuse megalocytosis,liver, Arab-cross, equinel etiology--compatible with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity. ConferenceNg!g. The diagnosis of cirrhosis implies the presence of four major 1esi@arnecroiis,bridgingporta1fibrosis,nodu1arhepatoce11u1ir regeneration, and biliary ductal hyperplasia. A11 are present in this case, as is a variable amountof bile stasis. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are eonvertedby hepatocellular (as well as other celLs) microsomalenzymesto metabolites including reaetive alkylating agents--pyrroles. The latter have an affinity for negatively charged molecules, manyof which are in the nucleus; they have the capacity to bind and cross-linkstrands of DNA,but lor somereason, DNAsynthesis proceeds. Studies with monocrotaline, a PA found in Crotalaria spp: have shownthat one of its pyrrole metabolite is capable of bindffifi- sulffiOryl groups of tubulin, a componentof the mitotic spindle. This results in the inability to form a miLotic spindle. The result is the formation of megalocytes. Partiiipants noted that cel1s and nuclei of hepatocytgs within regenerative-nodules are of normal size; it stands to reason that only cells unaffected.by PA would be free to divide. In addition, monocrotaline metabolites inhibit plasmamembtane sodir-m-potassium ATPise and other sulfhydryl containing membrane components,resulting in cell swelling and death. Finally, it is believed that PA metabolites are com[lete carcinogens through their alkylation of cellular DNA,RNAand protein. (Allen, Robertson,Johnsonei al,, IeTe). Hepatic encephalopathy.mayresuLt from the inability of a severely damaged liver to catabolize aromatic lmino acids allowing their ratio to increase in relation to the branched chain amino acids which are catabolized at a normal by muscle. Imbalance of amino acids causes, at least in theory, an imbalancerate in certain neurotransmitters. Elevated levels of anmoniamay ;i;6'play a role in hepatic encephal.opathy (pearson, l9g4). The effects of PA are not limited to the liver, -- 7 as they -"-r may be metabolized +*3ev by cells in the kidney, lung, and elsewhere. Contributor. British Columbia-VeterinaryLaboratory, B.C. Ministry of AgriE'ilFure-f,Eod, p.o. aoi-ioo, nnnotiior;, B.c., v2s 4N8, canada. Suggestedreadino. fitson,|..|:,Johnson,W.D.eta1.:Toxico1ogica1effects of^ fmonocrotaline and its rnetabolites. proc. - - - iymposium,oregon state University, 1979, pp 37-42. G a r r e t t r - 8 . J . , . H o l t a l , D . w . , . c h e e k g ,p . R . e t a r . : E f f e c t s o f dietary supplernentationwith butytiteo hydroxyaniiole, cysteine, ano vitamins ra g w o r t ( s e n e ci o j a co b a e a )to xi co si s in poniei. Am. J. Vet Res.45( l) :B on tansy asg_ i ea, 1984. G o e g e r ,D - E ., ch e e ke ,P . R ., s chm itz, J. A. a1.: Effect of feeding m i l k from goats fed tansy_ragwort(senecio jac6baea) toet rats and calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 4 V ( 9 ) z I 6 VL -I6 3 3 , IS A Z . Gulick, B. A., Liu, I.K.M., Qualls, C. W. et aI. : Effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic disease on plasma amino acid patterns in the horse. Am. J . V e t . R e s . 4 1 ( 1 1 ) : 1 8 9 4 - 1 8 9 8 ,1 9 8 0 . Johnson, A. E., and Molyneux,R. J.: Toxicity ol threadleaf groundsel (Senecio Am. J. Vet. Res. 45(1)z 26-3\, 1984. doublasii var longilobus) to cattle. Johnson, A. E., and Smart, R. A.: Effects on cattle and their calves of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) fed in early gestation. Am. J. Vet. Res.44(7)z tz15-Lzr9, rglt. Pearson, E. G.: Pyrrolizidine alkaloid liver toxicosis in domestic animals. Proc. Second Annual Form & 12th Annual Scientific Program, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Irrlashingtotr,D.C., May 1984, pp 110-120. Case III - 511951 (AFIP I9559O4). Hampshireewe which exhibited suddenonset of weaknessprogressing to collapse, recumbency and convulsion. IL died during examination. The oraL mucousmembranes were pale and icteric, with slow capillary refi11. Gross Pathology. At necropsyicterus was diffuse throughout body and hemoffited, LaboratoryResu1ts. ffi Liver Cu = 380 Dom Normal= .75 - 1.40 ppm Normal=5-50ppm Contributorrs Diaonosis & Comment.Centrilobular hepatocytic necrosis, triadal t poiioning, (intravascular hemolysis). The mechanism of-copper toxicity most'probabl!'invol-ves free radical production. 9oppgr_is.takenup by hepatoeytesand concentrate in lysosornes. Being a transitional metal, it can donate or accept single electrons as it changes valence. These single unpaired electrons can com6inewith O2 Eo form suplr oxides-or-hydrogenperoxide, forming the hydroxyl radical. ?nese free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation of lysosomil membianes and subsequentlylysosomat eniyme release and cellular rrecrosis. rior AFIP Diaonoses. 1) Necrosis, hepatocellul-ar, individual ceII, muLtifocal to z) lJLLestasis, diffuse, liver. 7) Vacuolir chanfe, hbpatoc6lfufai, .moclerater diffuse, ml]d, liver. /+) Hepatitis, centrolobular and p""i6oit"f', ,rOi"u[El-' diffuse, mild, liver. , . ^ - r g+fIffierate,.y1!hiobu]arcondensaiion,-rivJrlH''pini.re,-ovine. Conference Yg!e. , Participants noted that hepatic l-obutes are small, indicating nepaEocelJ-urar l-oss which has resulted in collapse of the lobules. BiIi hyperplasia is also present in most portal areas, althougn gooo ductules Ouct are not forned. Variably-sized globular eosinophilic bodier .r."p"Er.nt *itnin hepatocytes and also within sinusoids. The identity of these globules could not be but they are reminiscent of-cytoplasmic condensati6ns(Mali;rt-bodies) delermined, seen in hepatocytesand sinusoids of humanalcoholics. L ---= Rhodaninestain, which has recently been shownto be a very of tissue-bound copper (Johnion,.Gilbeitson, eororischer Jt Jil, sensitive indicator l9g4) failed to demonstratecopper in the liver in this case. The Departmentof Histochemical Pathologywas also unable to demonstratecopper through the use of other special stains and scanning electron microscopy. The Departmentof Hepatic Pathology stated that, although copper could not be demonstratedin this case, the lesions are in keeping with a metal poisoning. They further cited several cases of fVilsonrs disease in which tissue-boundcopper could not be demonstrated. Participants questioned serumand liver copper levels from this case and nortnal cited by the contributor. According to somesources (Smith, Jones & Hunt) ]9v91s (Jubb and Kennedy),the copper levels from this case are not abnormall levels cited by Buck, Van Gelder and Osweiler (1976) do, however,support the contributorrs figures, assurningthat copper levels in this case were determined from wet j-iver samples(not stated by the contributor). Mogt participants thought that the more chronic changesin this liver were probably due to another toxin, most likely a plant toxin, and that the more recent changescould be due to eopper. It has blen thought thai previous liver damigeby hepatotoxic plants mayresult in.excessive copper accumulationin the liver, " a-fatal hemolytic crisis. A receni study by white, Swick, and cheexe, tgll?Y"|^by (rv6/+) ralts to support that theory. A paper by Sternlieb (1980) discusses effects of excessive copper which are very similar to those caused by PA metabolites, to include interference with tubulin and subseque!! spindle formation. Mild hepatocellular megalocytosis seen in this-casel maYreflect those changes. Additionally, siernfi"o-repoits deposition of Ma119ry.'shyalinn as in this case, in the nepatocytes -inesein various conditions in which there is a-great excess of hepatic changesmay once again be related to the efFect of copper upon tubulin. "opbur; Contributor, Merck sharp & DohmeResearch Labs, west point, pennsylvania 194g6. Suoqestedreadi.no. ffiMcC.Howe11,J.'andCook,R.D.:Anu1trastructura1and morphoretric study of the liver of normal and copper-poisonedsheep. Am. J. path. 99(2)z 429-448, 1980. J o h n s o n ,G . F .,.Gi l b e rtso n , s. R., Goldfischer , s. et al.: cytochemical detection of inherited copper toxicosis of Bedlinglon terriers. Vet. path ZIz " 57-6CI,1984. Sternlieb, I:t Copper.andthe Liver. Gastroenterol. 78: 1615-162},l9gg. Van Gelder, G. A. (Ed.): Copper-Molybdenum. In Clinical and Diagn6stie Veterinary_Toxicology,2nd Ed., Kendall/HuntPubli$ing Co., Dubuque,Iowa 1976, , pp.297-3O9. _ l v h i t e , R . D., sw i ck, R . A ., a n d cheeke,p. R.: Effects of dietar y copperand molybdenum on tansy ragwort (Seneciojacobaea) toxicity in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 4 5 (1 ) : 1 5 9 - 1 6 1, L 9 8 4 study of chronic copper toxicity in . hlilhelmsen' C. L.: An immunohematological sheep. Cornell Vet. 69: 225-232, 1979. CaseIV - 85-1 (nffp 1948310). uft male Fischer rat. foundGtl on day 531 of a chronic caudoventral abdomen. feeding study with This mid-dosemale rat was a 2.5 cm diameter mass of the Gross Pathology. Mass, 2.5 cn diameter, anterior to penis. Contributor's Diaqnosis & Comment.Preputial gland carcinoma' i s o 1 i d n e s t s , d u c t - 1 i k e s t r u c t u r e S ' a n d c o r d s of epithelial cells in a desmoplastic stroma. The tumor cells are pleomorphict squamous in character, and showedvesicular nuclei. Mitotic figures are numerous. The duct-like structures contained keratin and cel] debris admixedwith inflammatory ceI1s. Accumulationsof lymphoid cel-ls are focal and multiple. In somesections, tumor emboli are evident in adjacent blood vessels. AFIP Diagnosis. Carcinoma,preputial gland (per contributor), Fischer rat, rodent. ConferenceNote. The preputial and clitoral gLands,like Zymbalrsgland, are compffianchedtubu1oa1veo1arg1ands.Acinarce11-sarese5aceousand all ducts are lined by stratified squamousepithelir.rm. Tumorsarising from preputial or elitoral glands are squamous,as in this case, sebaceous,or a combination of the two. Due to their location, they must be differentiated from marmarygland neoplasms. Combinedglandular and squamouspatterns, such as in this case, are common in preputial gland carcinomasand would be uncommon in a mammary neoplasm. A feature of epithelial cells of preputial glands is the abundance of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, not evident in this case. However,in sections stained with H&Eat the AFIP, these granules are evident in manytumor ceLls. Finally, somepartieipants thought that the combination of adenocarcinoma and solid (comedo)carcinoma patterns would be unusual in a mammary gland tumor of the rat. A large cystic duct within the'tumor in manysections, wis-thought by the moderator to represent a pre-existing preputial gland ductl these tend to becomecystic in older animals. Numerouselements of normal mammirygland, with epitheliil cells containing a brown pigment, are present around or have been incorporated into tFe tumor. Preputial gland tumors are uncommon in the rat with an incidence of less than 5%as spontaneousneoplasms. Their incidence can increase drastically due to the effects of chemical carcinogens. Contributor. Bio/dynamics,Inc., Departmentof Pathology, Mettlers Road, East Mi11E6i6-'l'iilTersey obszt. Suggestedreadino. .,.ffiey,J.R.,andhreisbroth,S.H.(Eds.):TheLaboratoryRat, Vor.. . r ' B i o l o g y a n d _ D i se a se s, A ca d emicpr ess, 1979, pp.737- 319. --^ !1 I "9 ? r _ [ . a n d F u j i i , T .i T u m or sof pr efutiar ' gr ind in r aLs. Gann68: 369-370, 1977. Reznibr G. and lrlard, J. M.:. Morphology of hyperprastic and . neoplastic lesions in the clitoral and_preputial glano br tnE'F344 rat Vet. path. 18: 228-2t8, 1981. Reznik, G. and Reznik-Schuller, H.: Pathology of the clitoral ano prepuiiaf glandsin agingFr44rats. Lab.anim.sci. l0(5ii a+s-8501-ig8o. D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary pathology Department of Veterinary pathol6gy Results AFIP Vrtednesday Slide Conference- No. 21 27 Febtuary 1985 ConferenceModerator: Sidney R. Jones, DVMphD Diplomate, ACVP Director, Departmentof pathology Hazleton Laboratories 9200 LeesburgTurnpike Vi-enna,VA 2ZIBO Case I - HLA-2 AFIP 1899058. year-oId spayed female mix-breed eanine. The dog was pre with-a 3-day history of anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. ^Physical examination rbvealed a temperature of iOOof' 6j.i"q: pulse rate of 180 beats/minute and respiration characterized by panting. t,tucu!membranes were pale with a-capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds. Sehydrati.onwas estimated at 7-8%. The dog respondedf-vorably to treatment of renal insufficiency, but relapsed and was euthanatiz6d one weekLater. Gross Patho'logy. The abdominalcavity contained l-4 1iters of fluid. kidnffinken.The]ivercontainedmu1tip1e]mmdiameterye11owfoci scattered throughout the surface and parenchyma. The Laboratorv ResuLts. AbnormaLserumchemistries included a BUNof 121 mg/dl and crea@ & Comment.Liver: Multifocal parasitic granulomas. Hepa@ tica. The liver sections ple circumscribed lesions characterized by a thick connective tissue wa1l surrounding large numbersof ova, necrotic debris and mineralized material which results in aitifactual knife marks'in manysections. The.ova were typical trichurid eggs with prominent bipolar plugs. Hlpatic capillariasis was reported as an-incidental finding. The diagiosis miy -iso ue eonfirmed with impression smearsof unfixed lesionl. Someslioes also contain a section of kidney with severe diffuse chronic glomerulonephropathy. Capillaria frepalica j.nfection of the liver of dogs may be observed as an J-ncLdentar finding during abdominal surgery or at the time of necropsy. Infection with this nematode parasite has been observed in mice, rats, cats, dogs, beavers, muskrats, hares, pigs, gerbils, ground squirrels, rabbits, peccariesr-nonhuman primates and man. . . - - q - - Thg major host is the wild rat with infection being rare in the dog. Although infection is inapparent in these species, it may cause hepatitis and death in nonhumanprlmates and has been associated with severe hepatic fibrosis and disordered l-iver function in man. The adults of Capillaria hepatica live in the liver of various mammalian species with wild raT-ffig EFe-mffir host. Unembryonated eggs are produced by the nematode in the Liver where they are retained. Eggs reach the environment only through the decay of an infected carcass or when they are discharged in the feces of carnivorous animals feeding on infected mammals.Eggs becomeinfective in two to six weeksfollowing exposureto air. Infection results from ingestion of embryonatedeggs from the soil. Eggs hatch in the cecumand larvae penetrate the mucosaand reaeh the liver via the portal vein. Larvae mature into adult worms within the liver in approximately three weeksand subsequently degeneratereleasing large nurnbersof eggs into the liver parenchyma. _ 4fIP Diagnoses. 1) Hepatitis, subacute, multifocal to diffuse, mild, with mul-tifocal adventitious cysts containing nematodeeggs, liver, mixbreed, caninel 9li9logY--conpatible with Capillaria hepatica. 2) Glomerulonephritis, chronic, di f f use, wi th t ubul oi nt ersTtETlliTiidn!frTitiney . ConferenceNote. Parasite eggs released into the parenchymaof an organ are initffiwithinagriiu1ona.Theendstageofsuchgranu1onai'ay leave the parasite eggs encircled only by a fibrous cipsule as ii preseni :.n-inis case.__Cystsforygg by the host in response to foreignr bodies, parasites, etc. may be called adventitious cysts. . T!" eggs in this case range from 60 to 90 microns in length and 25-VOmicrons in width; in sornesections, they can be seen to be bioperculite. The egg wall contains nLrnerousstriations which are characteristic bf capiiiaria n"piEii".Participants discussed the life cycle of this parasite. Sore microslides contain a section of kidney as well as liver; although former is not a focus of interest in this case,-the changesaie compatibl; the with an immunemediated glomerulonephritis. A variable numberof plasma ceils aii present in the cortical interstitium and cortical tubules contain,-;;; are sometimes distended by, pink homogeneous material. Additioniirv,-.'cnrJnic pveritiJ-is present in somesections. Contributor. virsffii-aT2l8T- Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. , 92ooLeesburgTurnpike, Vienna, Suqqestedreadino. unlEwood'M' and Lichtenfels, J._R.: Identification of parasitic Metazoain Tissue Sections. Academiceressi lgi, pp-soj_sff. Flynn, R- J.: Parasites of [aooraioii nnimafs, rne lowa State University Pre s s r . Am e sI9 , 7 t, p p 2 5 4 , 2 9 6 . G r i g o n i ! ' G: J., Jr.,'a l d so l omon, B.: capillar ia hepatica: Fine str u c tur e o ^f e g g . s h e 1 t . E x p e i . P a i a s i t o 1 . 4 0 : z_G. aZ-zfi,rEffi||vPqt . Solqnon,G. B., ?19 Grigonis, g._i., Jr.i capillaria hepatica: Relation of structure andcomposition oF egg'sheltio-.niigffii#.ffi;e"rasitor. 40: 298-to7, 1976. soulsby, E'J.L.: Helminthsr_Arthropods and - - Protozoa of DomesticatedAnimals. Lea & Febiger, philadelphia, JSiaZ,p. tAO;- Case II - 84-m02 (nffP 19494?6). th-o1dfema1eFischerv44tat.Thisanima1was study and was sacrificed group 2-year toxicity-oncogenicity on a in the control while in apparent good health at the termination of the study. . .-ri:. Gross Pathology. A firm, multilobulated, centrally necrotic, circumscribed mass@imate1y4cmindiameterwas1ocatedatthejunctionofthe body of the uterus and cervi.x. uterus, Fischer Contributorts Diagnosis & Comment. Malignant schwannoma, t44rffi Nonepithelial tumors of the uterus are common in Fischet 344 rats. The majority of the tumors are small, originate in the uterine horns, benign and are classified as endometrial stromal polyps. This tr-rmoris atypical in that it was large, localized to the body of the uterus/cervix and was mal-ignant. Significant features of this tumor were nuclear palisading, interlacing of parallel bundles of cel,ls and markednuclear pleomorphismcharacterized by giant cells with multiple nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The differential diagnoses included malignant schwannoma, stromal sarcomaand leiomyosarcoma. AFIP Diagnosis. Sarcoma,undifferentiated, uterus, F344 tat, rodent. ConferenceNote. The differential diagnosis included endometrial stromal sarc@a,ma1ignantschwann5ma,andma1ignantfibrouinistio-yto'a. Sore participants thought this turnor represented a fairly uncomplicated leiomyosarcomaexcept for occasional areas where tumor c61ls becomerounded which would be unusual'for malignant smoothmuscle ceIls. Participants thought the turnor lacked the fibrous character which is typical of malignant fibrous hisiiocytoma. Most participants were in agreementwith a diagnosis of endometrial stromai sarcoma. The Department of Immunochemistrywas able to demonstrate the presence of S-I0O protein in most tunor cells and, based upon that finding and the histologic appearanceof the tumor, they concurred with the contributorts diagnosis-of malignant schwanncrna. -The Departmentof Neuropathologyfailed to iee any patterns suggesting a neural origin in this tumor. Further, they did not feel thit tne 5-100.positivity of ceIls was typical of the degree or itaining they conmonlysee in schwannomas. ^ S-+00 protein, formerly thought to be neural-specific, is now knownto also be found in nunerous non-neural tislues (trleiss, Langloss, Eniinger, I9g3). n"--ntfy, several different lypes of 5-100 proteins hive b6en eiucidatJo (raxanisni,.-iroo", 0 h t s u k i e t a l ., 1 9 8 4 ). have been described in the uteri of mice (stewart, _ -Malignant schwannomas Deringer, Dunn et a1., 1974) and in the dorsal spinal nerve root of a laboritory rat (Abbot' 1982), but not in or associated with the rat uterus. Muchmore commonly,endometrial stromal. sarcomasand leiomyosarcomasarise from the rat utelus, and have.the sane general appearanceas the tumor in this ciie, io-incfuOe the nunerousmultinueleated giant cells. Differentiation of the two miy be difficult without special inrnunochemicalstains such as for the intermeiiate filament f'desmi-n'found in muscle. However,differentiation may be acao-mic, since often the neoplasmswill represent an incid6ntal finding at neciopsy as in this case. Dow Chemical Company,Marnmalian& Environmental Toxi'cology Contributor. Bldg., Midland, Michigan 48540. neseEffih u--rauory ted rea of the dorsal spinal nerve root in a schwannoma . Anim. 16: 265-266, L982. and S t e w a r t ,H . L . , Deringer, M. K., Dunn, T. B. et al.: Malignant schwannomas netve roots, uterus, anO6piiidymis-in miie. J. Natl. CancerInst. 53(6)z 1749-1758,L974, Localization Immunohistochemical T a k a h a sh i ,K ., Iso b e , T .r 0 h tsuki, Y. et al.: Am. J. system. proteins human lymphoreticular the in and distribution of 5-100 Path. U5(r): 497-5A7, 1984. Turusov, V. S. (Ed.): Tumoursof the vagina, -Vol. uterus, placenta and oviduct. In I, Part 2, InternationaL AgeneyPathology oi Tumoursin Laboratory Animals. for Researchon Cancer, Lyon, L976, pp 151-185. W e i s s , S . l t{., L a n g l o sS ,J. M., and Enzinger , F. M .: Lab. Invest. 49( 3)z 299-78, L98t. Case III - 10419-84 (AFIP I946t96 2 kodachromeslides included . u.ssue rrom a l-year-o1d temale domestlc shotthair ca . The cat was as a kitten from the Humane obta Society. At 6 monthsof age it was taken to the veterinarian to be spayed. The cat was ieteric and the veterinarian refused to spay the cat. Six monthslater it began losing weight and was still jaundiced. The owners refused treatment and the cat was killed. GqossPatholggy. The liver showedmicronoduLarcirrhosis in alL lobes, with broaffirfacesofsome1obes.Thehi1usofthe1iverwasfibrosedto the pancreas and the duodenum. Common bile duct and all extrahepatic bile ducts showedmarkeddilation with very thin walls. :. f?boTatory Results. Lab resul_ts at time of euthanasia: ffirase IzI5 U/L (25-7s) Alkaline phosphatase 379 U/L (8-94) Total bilirubin 12.5 ng/dl (0.0-0.7) RtsC T.TIxIOo r{Bc 11.5x101(55 segs, 31 lynphs, I mono,j eos) Contributorts Diagnosis & Comment. The tissue rvascharacterized p s e u i z e . - i n " p . " , d o I o b u 1 e s w e r e i s o ] . a by t e d a n d surrounded-by thick scar tissue septae. Small bile ducts permeatedall septat. This. pathology is characteristic.of biliary cirrhosis. In this cat the cj.rrhosis was secondary to chronic extrahepatic bile duct obsiru"iion.- biliary i[E-".r"" of the extensive fibroiis around the commonoi.fe duct, duodenumand pancreas could not be detennined at necropsy. Tissue sections stained with rubeanic acid revealed nLrneroushepatocytes with copper-containing granules. Atomic.absorption - analysi. a copper 1evel of 2,500.parts per million -ofwqlolt oasis. This varue""u"ii.d is-comparedto a normaL 9? dry hepatic copper concentration 60:70 ppr-OW(Center, Baldwin, King et aI.r l9g3). The exeess copper is secondaryto chronic bile duct obstruction. AFIP Diagnosis. Cirrhosis, diffuse, severe, liver, domestic shorthair, felineConferenceNote. Although conferenee participants were in agreenent that the 1ivefficirrhotIc,therewasdiscussionaboutthepatternof The nodules of hepatocytes rarely contain either a central vein or any cirrhosis. portal structures. Sonreparticipants thought the nodules are being so severely constricted by the encircling fibrous eonnective tissue bands that the central- vein is obscured by compression. Others thought the nodules h,erepurely regenerative and would therefore contain no preexisting structures. The Departmentof Hepatic Pathology diagnosedmicronodular biliary type cirrhosis. They cornmented that the lesions do not represent rrreverse lobulationtt (centraL to central linkage, characteristic of congestive cardiac cirrhosis). The disease process started as and has progressed beyondportal fibrosis and bridging. Basedupon guidelines set by Anthony, et al. (1978), the nodules present in the micronodular pattern of cirrhosis are l-ess than f mmin diameter, are regular in size rel.ative to'one another, generally lack any normal anatomical reLationships, and are seen rel.atively early in the course of the disease. Etiologies of this type of cirrhosis include biliary obstruction, alcoholism, and hemochromatosis. 0ther patterns of cirrhosis are macronodularand mixed. Cholestatic hepatic diseases in the cat inctude neoplastic, parasitic and infectious conditions, cholelithiasis, congenitaL malformations, hepatic lipidosis, 3lq_? poorly defined iyndromeof cholingiofiepatitis (Center, Baidwin, Kingr-Ji at.' l-ggv). Contributor.- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, uiss6liiffi57TF Suqoestedreadi.no. G . , N a ypaakth, .N . C . e t a 1 . : T h e m o r p h o 1 o g y o f c ir r h@o sai ks ., [ : J. Clin. 1 1 : t9 5- 4l4r ' 1979. centerr s. A., Baldwin, B. H., King, J. M.: Hematologicand biochemical . abnormalities associated with induced extrahepatic bile dlct obstruction in the cat. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44(10): 1822-1829,1983. H i . r s c h , V . ||::.a n g _ ? o i .g ec. , E.: suppur ativechor angitis in cats. J. A m . v et. Med. Assoc. 182(11): 1227-1226,L9B3 , Luc_ke,V, -M.r.and_Davies,J. D.: Progressive lymphocytic cholangitis in the cat. J. Small Anim. Pract. 25: 249-260, fgeA. . -Prasse, {. w.., Mahaffey, E. A., DeNovo,R. et al.: chronj.c lymphocytic cholangitis in three cats. Vet. path. 19: 99-IOg, I9g2. -^ ^ . $ c n q l d s o n , D . C .: S cl e ro si ng cholangitis in' a cat. J. Am . Vet. M ed.As s oc . Ie2(7): 7IO-7I2, 1983. strome!'er, F. 1r,., and rshak, K. G.: Nodular transformation (nodurar ^. frregenerativerrhyperplasia) of the liver. Humanpath. l2(I): 60-7I, l9gl. 5 Case IV - HLA-I (nffP 1899158). eek-o1dfemaIeCD-1mousewhichwasacontro1from a chronic dietary study found dead.at 88 weeks. Gross Pathology. A 1.8 x 1.6 x 1.2 cm massinvolved the muscle and surrounding tissffiide of the head. qo$ffDutorrs Diagnosis & Comment. Hardian gland carcinoma. This Harderian gland carcinoma had invaded the brain. In this 2-year chronic study, eyes examined from terminally sacrificed control animals demonstrated the following incidence of Harderian gland neoplasms. MaIe Female Nunber of animaLs with eyes examined 3I 4T Harderian gland adenoma 2 (6.4%) 2 (4.e%) Harderian gland carcinoma ( 0 % ) 0 r (2.4%) AFIP Diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma,Harderian gland, head, CD-1 mouse,rodent. Conference rycle-1 The Harderian gland is a horseshoe-shapedlobulated tubuffia1g1and1ocatedwithintheorbit.T['g1andhasasingle excretory duct which opens at the base of the nictitating nrembrane.Spontaneous neoplasmsof this gland have been reported as incidental-findings in mice, rats, hamsters and rabbits. UntiL recently the function of the gland was thougnt to 6e the production of oily secretion that lubricates the surfaie of tne eve-inJ nictitating membrane. Recent findings suggest a link betweenthis gilno-jno a retinal-pineal-gonadal axis which may inOiiate the Harderian gland is a source of pheromones(Foster, Small, Fox, IggZ). The Harderian gland can be identified by the presence of porphyrins and both normal and neoplastic ceLls contain charactLristi'c cytoplaimil-fipiO OropfJti. WeLl-circr.mscribed adenomasare more common,accounting for 5-6% of spontaneous tumors of mice, while the adenocarcinomas account for about 1%. Contributor. virsTfrTaZTeO:- Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., 9200LeesburgTurnpike, Vienna, Suggested-reading. HorJ-andrJ. M., and-Fry, J: M.: The Harderian gland. rn The ' Mousein BiomedicalResearch,^Vor.iV, Academic Fress,-liaar-iiiz-izr sheldon, w. G., curt.is, neoplasms j.n mice. primary Harderian gland M . , K o d e J - l ,R . L . . a el.:_ J. Nati. Cincer rnlt. zfifj: 5I_68, I;iBt-.' D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary pathology Department of Veterinary pathoi6gy 6 Results AFIP Wednesday Slide Conference- No. Ll March1985 ConferenceModerators: COLGeorgeD. Imes, Jr. LTCJohn M. Pletcher Departmentof Veterinary Pathology ArmedForces Institute of Pathology I'lashington, DC 20306 Case I - Nguni bull (bovine). Tv{oout of ten Repeatedskin scrapings at for parasites. l{eekly dipping ceasedI weeki prioe no effect on the skin lesions. had alopecia with chronic skin lesions. Gross Patholegp lesions v/ere chronie in nature. There was thickening of .The r'ne-sKln wltn dry g.c?ly areas of alopecia, especially aroundeyes, dewlap, forelegs, .fJ.anks,thighs and the escutcne6n area. AiopeciawJi ress-mai[60over the shoulder area but the skin was also dry, scaly, and thickened. The nasal mucosacontained numelousI/2 nn diameter tysts thit were easiJ.y visibLe io the naked eye and easily palpable inside the no3tril. Contributorts Diaqnosis & Cornrnqq!.Dermatitis, nonsuppurative p r o t " ; ; i ; ; - i r . i n , o o v i n l i _ _ a e l n o i t i a ' b e s with n o inr.nerous t i . -B- e s n o i t i a be sn 9 i l i .i :l .cyst-fo rmingspgiozoan.withaz- nffi causes a cnronic' .debilitatj.ng, and occasionalJ.yfataL disease in cattll, horses, and bunos. The disease has 6oth cutaneousand"systemii-maniieitations.' naOOits are experimentalJ.y susceptible, and simiLar organisms have been seen in blue wildebeest, inpala, and kudu. l{hen an intermediate host ingests the oocysts, the organisms invade numelous cell types producing tachyzoites that invade iior6otasts ino-produce large that are filled with nr.rmerous bradyzoites. The cyst has an atellular *aii "yri. encapsulatedby- dense fibmus connbctive tissue and it contains fibroblasts wnicn is have been greatly expandedby proliferating bradyzoites. r'rucfei of these that fibroblasts are m9v9.dto the periphery or ine ceil wheri tn"v-."e flattered and cornpressedagainst the inner surface of the acellular wall oi ine cyst. . . Grossl'y skin. invaded-by these cysts appears thj.ckenedand rugose, and the cysts IFgn-may bg-up to 2 rrn in-diameter'are eiiily reen with the naked eye. Histologigally nunerous spherical pqsnoit& lggpiti present in the cysts d e r m i s * ' h i c h i s u s u a 1 ] . y}"ryg i n f i 1 t r b t e o w i t n f f i # t ; ; y c e I 1 s w h i 1 e t h e are epidermisis moderatelythickenedandsomelrhat hyperkeratotie. AFIP Diaonot+. Dermatitis,. granulomatous,diffuse, mild to mocterate,with ::sffi::}}:i:i-pr6t5zoarcysti,ixin,Nguni,bovine,etioIogycompatible with Besnoitia spp. Confqrence\qte. In somehistologic sections, there is follicular keratosis witffifintrafo11icu1aibacteria.Someparticipantsnoteds1ight thickening of the epidermis due to mild hyperkeratosis. Speciil stains demonitrate that the thick hyaline walls of the protoibal cysts are composed of fibrous connective tissue. The walls stain weakly with PASand the bradyzoites within the cysts are strongly pAS positive. Somefacets of the ]ife cycle of Eqsloitia spp. are stil] unelear. The conference moderators have had someefFffifidd wiin besnoitiosis as an endemic disease in native African cattle. The disease there is serious ano has warranted the- developmentof a vaccine. In_one early cycle of the disease, -it tachyzoites -vf'--esev 4 ' r ' r v - L endothelial E r r u L r L r r s r r - c J . cells u c J , r s Imuch n u c r l Irike J . . K e sarcocvsris >alcaglsx'fg ,pp.; S pp.; :,:?1i"?:"-il_l?:t it pnase phase is i S tnii this -oi-f[J-6i;;;;;.--fi ]::.|-:::.::?:*T9yi!h^::Y?Ieq1l?i:lt.signs@iiy-!li!.r..l,ano-s["uiuo"' debilitat:.nd rorm il;"-;;;;; :::-:!?n^::?l:?:^!?^t!:.:1"9!1?, participants noted small intracelluiar--ysts in dermafoiool"u".!!f!l-=' several possibly within possibly within endothelial endothetiat ce1ls. (fg8ij ."d Kreier Cfinj fist ce1ts. _A]though Aj.thouoh Souisby -p.itii!.p""t !"irJlii"iJ'*"inli cats alone couJd support the widespFeaE-6tiEfrF'dl;;;;;-5"rr'-ir speculated that other animals might serve ii oerinitive hosts r a 5 r - 1 - t r Contributor- - - Veterinary ResearchInstitute, Africa. as weII. rt was onderstepoort, South Africa. luggested readinq. uneema'A' H., and Toofanian, Besnoitiosis in wild and domesticgoats in Iran. CorneLl Vei. 69: 159_l5g -l:: r'1979. ..Frenkelr. J. K.: Besnoitia waLlacei of cats and rodents: lrlith a recLassifi- cationofothercyst-ffi"o""iji".J.Parasitor.el(+ji-iii-eze, L9T/. Kreier, J. P. (Ed.): Parasitic Protozoa, Vol. IIr. Academicpress, IgT7, pp L94-n2. soulsby, E'J'L. (Ed.): Helminthsr and protozoa of Domesticated Animats. Lea & Febiser, phitaoet;;i;; frthropods lil;;; 686_688. Temell, T' G., ind-stookev, J. L,: aJinSltia oennitti in two Mexicanburros. Vet. Path. t0: I77-IA4, Ig7t. CaseII - V8/.754 (1947839). -,-ye.tI.-oJ.omaIeArr1canJ-ion(Panthera1eo).Four oavslffito this inimali i6r[n he wasnoiiceo io o"-oir his death the animaJ'was oosJiveo to be oepreJseoand dyspneic. day whenhe was imnrobilizeO ior examination. Gross Patholggg y before He died the next l4arked icterus and moderategenerarized muscre atrophy were evioffi"'o*i-oF-creiiv.rr"--iiiio.*".presentinthethoracicanct abdominal cavities. Theliver wasmoder"iery-i"of;; ffi-*Jj 6ro*n with a fire yellow reticulated pattern evident throughout ir," parenchyma. The lungs were moderately reddened and *ere ii"ter than no*"i. Nunnerous r.-2 mmin dianeter dark throulnoul fi3"1;:i ;iffi ;liffint tnep.iun.nv'a'or iri-iuns-iools.rhespreen was Laboratory ResuLts. A CBCwas done on a blood sampledrawn just prior to the animaLrsdeath. Thg results were as follows: WBC= 11.0 x 10: WBC/u1 = 8.3 g/dI Hemoglobih Hct = 27.22( Segmentedneutrophils 74% Band neutrophils 57% Lymphocytes7X t'tonocytes 2X P1atel.etestimate - 1-I per o.i.f. (low) Contributorts Diagnoges& Conrnent. 1) Acute interstitial and microfocal p y o g o c a 1 p u 1 m o n a l y h e m o r r h i g J . - i l - i u o i c J [ e focaL grqrylcmtous and necrotizing hepatitis. Etioiogy--Sah6nella sp. (Group - -- D). Our differential diagnosis after microscopic examiiiti6?i-6TTfitiisues included Flpr.toxoplasmosi.s, and systemic salmonellosis. Tests on an antemortem :?rm sample (collecteg jyst prior to the animals death) and an untixeJ poiiro** liver specimenrevealed the fo[owino: Fd-V test - negative FIP titer - negative Toxoplasmosistiter - neoatj.ve globulin (gamma gtob. = 2 . I g / d l ) F"*.eJ.ectrophorys+: - ilifOfy elevated gamma Aerobic culture of liver - saimonella sp] isorilea. The sarmonella was nonmotile and thus could nET-Effityped. AFrP Diaonoses. 1) Pner.rmonia, interstitial, severe, w i t h f f i o i i s J n o i e m o r r n a g e , 1 u n g , A f r i c a n 1 i o n , P_pyogranulomatous, a n t h e r a ] . e o ' f e 1 i ndiffuse, e. 2) Hepatitis, necrosranuromatous, murliioEafi'roo"".te,riverjffig#i.iiii Iipoidal charpe, hefatocellularr'centroloourir canalicular bile stasis, liver. .no to diffuse, mird to moderate, wj.th ConferenceNe!9. In the lung and especially are p r e s f f i " , n * . " o J s - n u c 1 e a t b a r e o b 1 o o d c e ] - ] . s a l ethe p r eliver, s e n t a 1megakaryocytes ongwith other erythrocyte precursols, indicativ" or-""t"amedullary hematopoiesis. Hyperprasia of t{p:, pneurn6cytes p"""eni is oitrusery throughout the lung. gne T participant noted that hyperprisia of Lhese armolt ;i;;i; accanpanies interstitial pneurnonia. Focir-oiscrete i"i"i-or ""ur pulmonary fremorrhageand necrosis arc suggestive of microinfarcts; some.participants thronbi within septal capiJ-J-aries. wilnin tni-river,reported seeing fibrirpus necrosis of heoatocytes leaves hepatic coroi Jisrupteo.degeneration and piecenreal An occasional mitotic figure is seen'in hLpatoivlei-inoic.t_inl-io-r*l participants that a substantial amountof necrosis has taken place. naioomn"pitic in this ease werenot thougFrt^by tfih;il-noilr.r. inanyparticipants to ?" !vpi".i ";;ilg;;rior* rn some species, calves for inslahce, these hepatic morethan foci of coagulativenecrosis'in r6iions oi'sarmoneriosismaybe nothing J"gJii;il"lln ort"n i,e se"n. "nicn-in" Althoughsalg}]g.l?p:_1"" invasive, the invasion is superficiar and is followed by mdtlpffiEion and production'of enterotoxins. Thesetoxins are similar to the enterotoxinsprobucedby r. -coii-and Vibrio choleraein that thev stimul'ate intestina] cryp! cblt JoenviltF"ffi.e wnIc-hEsdTffi-excessive secretion into the l*nen'leading to iiarrn"i ano dehydration (Greene, 1gg4). . - +ptic pulmonarythrombophlebitis, which mayhave been present in the J.ung of this lion, has been reported and is evidently a'feature of S. enteritidis infection of hamsters (Innes, frrilson, Ross, L956) Contributor. NewMexico Veterinary Diagnostic Services, 700 Caminode Saluct, Albu@Tqre--reil Mexico ezioe. ffixtbook of Microbiology. Chapt 19, 1,i,.B. Saundets Co. , L9gS, pp 464477. G r e e n e , C . E . : clinical Microbiolggy ano rnfectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Chapt ,8, y{. B, SaundersCo., L994, pp 6I7-62j. - _ I n n e s , J . R . M . , wiJ'son, !.r and Rogsr'M. A.: Epizootic Sarmonerraenteritidis infection causino septic pulrnonary phle6othrombosi!in n.r.'ffi 98t I77-I4I, L952. -oi'p"ot;i"-;y;in".i! c. w. et ar.: pathogenesis - Kgo,f.g.w., Petersol,J: wrr.Houston, of experimentar "L'i' salmonellosii: rnni6ition eyrotoxin. rnrect. & Immun.4r(l): 93-100,J99,4. Timoney,J- F:t-Neibertr_H.c., andseott, F. y{.: Ferine sarmonellosis. cornell Vet. 5Bt Zit-ztg, t9tA. h-old Hereford x Friesian steer, bovj.ne. The -silih O.g"1 grazing an irrigated oT:,ifu tl,,l?lio.,:i::i district o'riw !r9- t;i:3Tiiifrn.l,i:"iffl:i. As the subject animal :::.:L1: *as-iornO dead, no clinical. mob S signs were obseived. rhe autopsywas W ,e.*q,, u"tffio,ffi".F:iiiil'x3i%::T3,"}::?,?::?T|I^:::-:?::gi!!i"g usDu',€s Ene rorJ.ory_lng; m a t e r i a 1 a b o u t t h e m o u t h a n o - i i i e r n a 1 n a r e s ^ n n n nbody c c } i ncondition, n a f a r l l r a . . } -bl.bod_stai*e_i;i;; -^ _9999 rrver ano severely enrarged iEil::t3::H3"o3lo;,$i*tT$^.tHm congestedpurpv ,pr."n-.itn-i,iJi",l, :!l:;i:li:ffii#, i: ic fhaemomhages. :";:fff :;:il": "t3 Laboratorv ffig]$:.^rrpression smearsof the spreen, whenstained with ::*lffi.ffiEi;,.fi$;':'"5!"uri[i;;d;;;;s*itni-riorpnorogy z) rsD t .ffF:h, B?cittusanthracisihfection. ll^*tt*ernic snleffiil;; *:!:l-i:t ': "*nY*:?l'?I' ;:"'lij;r.fl. 31, f:::: iili61"d#;i: ri:gjffi " "::g'|lrii_ [.?:"; F"illl'i;,t Ilitr hwa]es :i;",t*,'-#i*i: l::F:li.*fi 3:. H.'3$frl3*,il,o* ;;:"lilH":'iln"H:"T:: ::ilr;ii;i=, _.4.liJ;d;Eff ^533,' * iR 3ll,i:s 3*Ti,3"j!.:ffH :.1::i "::ll**" li;; ;n::*:*ii:"" "+il"iii:]EH.lniii " 3"il#Tl',:lj,ilTi:ffif :;i;.,i.8i3",;.iliilllil, i:r_i:{1.::!, r oir.i :. ;i"lli"li::i:;"trI*Bi:ii ffi ;; J;=":"ruil"l: I;T,ll, XIT:I I"iliT::, rn the present case the and spleen containednunerousseptic consisting of large bacitli river, enboli *iin, ttrncaleo enos, oigprayingno sporulation often occurtino :'i cnains.- iiltn"" ard periacinar con!estio^-i^-in.'iiu.", "uii"i";';;'septicefriJ-*rJ providedby mild severecongestio"-"^o-n"ii"ln"g. in the spreen, hepatic neutrophilia, selous hepatitis and fibrin the liver and spleen. thrombi in the sinusoids of both Two characteristics of Bacilus anthracis favor pathogenicity. The capsule, whosemajorcomponent.isp@1ocksthehost'sdLfensesby preventing phagocytosis. rn- iodition, the'bicteria elaboratJ a toxin with three components,factots I, II, and III, which increases capiJ.Iary perneability and presumablyinitiated intrivascular'coaguraiion in tni.'caiJ. the diseaser.systemic effeets of the t5xin ire teut<ocytosis Late in the course of and increases in brood potassiurn' chloride and phosphatetogeihJi *iin nvpogiv.Jri.-and rowering of brood sodiurn,calcium and cholinesterase. 1) conges!+gl, diffuse, severe, with rymphoidnecrosis *^-.RoiaglgsP-. and nemormage,and myriads of bacillir,spleenr'.nolstein rresia'n'l"orr, bovine. 2) Thrombosis,muitifocal, drg: *itn-mviiios-or bacilli, liverl etiolosy--compatibre witn'eaciiiui inthi,llil] conference+!3 rt was.generally agreed that the presence of 'red blood eells int ff i p y b w n i E n su ri o L n o i -" " n t" " 1 a rter io]esconstitutes hemorrhage. Differeniialio;-;f anthrax-ha-irii tro*-posirJitJ, conraminants (orten spp.) pose can prooiem-irtn"rgh-ine a 9rgs-trioiS contamj.nants are said to be rarger' pfurperr and more robust. Anthrax-bacili-"re rrbox-ear-shapedi ;I;;o be squared baeiLli, iiinougn in tiiCue-lections thail Jnos *.y be roundecr. Due to the presence of nunerous intrasinu"Jio.r fibrinouJ-inioroi, participants speculated that disseminatedintravascuLar-coigufopathy (DIC) may have played a major rore in this animalrs-dJath. scii[ireo-inflanrmatory ceJ.ls in the liver were considered norrnaLbackgrounO-ior the bovin€. The three fragrnentsof the.anthrax toxin alluded,to.by the eontributor, are aLsoknown as edetra factor ierl, p"oiJ.iiu".ii_ig"n factor (LF); noneis toxic aLone. rt hasr!6ehtrv oJ.n-.no*-that It!,-.nJ-r.tnrr F'i; in aoenylatecycrase wFtichis activated whenit-enlers tnl eutarvoti. cer].. A proposedmodelenvisions PAreacting with nost celi receptors causin6-cn.ng". (perhapsaposteric) wfrich all'owEF and LF to enter [n.-".iil-'r;-il;"Eyiopri* with a heat-stabte subsia;;;,-;lF.bil ;;;riJoi;*i".- er'-ir-Ictivateo whenit reacts cvcrlI-Rup ro"*d by the activatedEFleads,to the roirltou.(Freeman, of the disease 1985): r!-niJ-u""n'iostulet"o-tn.tleath "6sponJ"-Inaracteristic distress resulting trom filil ioss into tne-iuig, ii iiirioutaue to respiratory andto circuiatory emba*assment ctueto pressurefiom fruiJ-iosi intJ ine-*oiJ*lnrr-Cii=Jiil-iseal. toxin differs rrcrnenterotoxins_orcnored-i-;gtt; rhe anthrax ;il-Ieiil?fu nost cell' cvclase, in that which activate toxin-ei G iGir-.-"ffi. virulerce, in "ntn""r oraslutamyl ;3fi;#i'j: ::;il;:;#iij{ff}r t,':i,1,s"?F33ili^ :l;li, itffi".,on rncubator areas for anthrax are regions with alkaline levers causedbv decavingu.se[.t6;;d"i"ro-Ji"l;;l;;IJ]3 soil, high nitroqen or r5.5oc.- Dwarr and possibly otFrer swine-navE-.n ,nr"ual and birective;";;;;;-mechanism the spores of B'-^anllracig in inat spores do not readily germinate and against creared from tEEsEf,iTmTrE' even rorio*ing-i-"!iu" are rapidry cha*enge (warker, 1967). contributor'- Regional u"a"li:1ly..Laborat9ry, -w"gga Newsouth wales Departrent of AgriEEr@Fitrvate-laiii-a"i, fvagga,Ns,, 2650, Austraria. Suggestedreading. EzzeIL, J. t{., Iv5.ns, B. E., and Leppla, S. H.: Immunoelectrophotetic analysisr_toxiclty, and kinetics of in vitro production of the protective antigen and lethal factor componentsof Bacillus anthracis toxin. Infect. & Irmun. 45(t). 76I-767, 1984. _fregl1n' B. A.: Textbookof Microbiology. Chapt27, W. B. SaundersCo., 1985, pp 564-57O. proc. .. . Nungeiler, ri. J. (chairman):proc. of the conf. on progress in the understanding_ofAnthrax. Fed. 26(5): 1485-1571,1967. OrBrien, J., FriedJ.ander,A., Dreier, T. et aI. : Effects of anthrax of toxin componentson humanneutrophils. Infect. & Immun.47(I)z 1lO6_1]0,1995. van.Ness, G. 8..r.- Ecology of anthrax. science r72: Ljol-Eo7: rg7r. R. E. et al.: A unique defensemechanism -frlalker, J. s., Klein, F., Lincoln,-swine. '91(6): against anthrax demonstratedin dwarf J.. Bacteriol. zojvioiir'Lsgz. Young_t.i:B::, Epizootic of anthrax in Falls county, Texas. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. I67(9)t 842-843, 1975. CaseIV - RW|4-B 8-84 ( AFI? 1947392). (1 kodachrolrle slide included). nJ.srory. tlssue sue llom an r, feline. cat waspresentedto the tre treating clinic becauseof a prolonged digestive disturbance. The Gross Pathq*g9y. livet was tan colored, d i f f f f i T h e a b d o m i n a r*The r y m | h - ; ; ; ; w e r e e n ] . a r g e d . Tslightly h e 1 y m penJ.arged h n o d e s hand a d was muJ'tifocal white areasr which wnencut'were firmer than tfie-surounding tissue. Laboratory Results. @4%;Bun*:-11omg;Creatin}?";Tota1protein-7.3; - 2.er; scor -'r15; sGpr- iig;-cioourin'_ i:it Atbumin F"L"rx_ Nesative. Bile duct carcinoma, liver, domestic ,no" Bile duct carcinoma (cholangiocellular tLrnor in both manand domestic anj'mals. rn t6e-ferine,-it-i!carcinoma) is an unconrnon consiaereo to be a rel.ativeLy rare tumor' rn one studv (Patnaik, riz:i-spa'ining-"rJy;-;;;;; iio'r,t+s necmpsies, no :$:iffifi::T"f:T"srl;fin6'". werereporfed altholsh-tJxlranepatic oiii-Juct AFrPDiaonosis' cholangiocarcinoma, liver, domesticshorthair, feline. conference a n o @ c o n s t r i cH*F.* t e 9 b yIl^:r?:-unaffecreg " n . i " . i i n f o a n o s o f f oy i b rrhe. o u sneoplalmr c o n n e c t ithe v e liver is cirrhotic tissue' rn sqneloblJ'es,-."i;;;] while absentin others. variablv-sized lymphoid-iniirirates"3i"r".i"'i"3r"nt, piJs5ni are portal in areas and bile duct proliferation is-diffuse. ;;;; participani"-tnorght that these resions compatibrewith the seconoor inirJ were ;i;;; oi .r''"oni9 ryrpf,g.ytic chotangitis cats as describedby prasie,-urn-iiev,-dIrurrol".t of .t. in r9g2. Additionallv' a bile duct papillary cystadenoma is present in mostsections. Participants soliuuieo-tili'tfr. oiseiSe-1.;T;;-cat progressedfrorn cirrhosis' which stimulaieJ-oii. ouct piorireriiion, to cystadJnomachor.ansitisor and eventuarly to. choLangiocareinoma. C"f:., lining the cystadenomado not pile up and their mitotic rate is Low in contrast to surrounbing carcinomatouscells'which are rapidly dividing and piling up in someplacesl Itlhile neoplasmsof the biliary tree are rare in manand domestic animals, carcinomasof both the intra- and-extrahepatic biliary tiei nave OeenrJpoii6O in the cat. Interestiplyt clonorchio infeciion of tne 6iuary iract of manis associated with incidence of neoplasia of that tissul. Clonorchis 3 1high hasa1sobeenre a t e d w i t h b i t . i a r y n e o p 1 a s i a i n t h e o o g - i n J c ' t f f i i . . ' i n g infection r' causaLagent responsible for tumoiigenesis in three different rp"Ji-i-tla"rft"", r97g). Contributor. Division^of Pathology, FFF-100,Center for Food ApplEti'ifuTffil-on, FDA, 200-c street s.w., washington, DC zozo4. Safety and Susqestgdreaging. tsarsantir . i: A.,r Higginsr R. Jlr Spano,J. s. et al.: Adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a iat. J. smau'Anim. pract. 17: ii,9-6o5, 1976. Itloulton, J. E. (Ed.): Turnorsin Domeiti"-A'niriir. ini io., university of California press, Ig7g, pp Z7g_iAI. P a t n a i k , A . K ., L i u , K .,_ fyTyit4r A. r . et ar .: Nonhematopoietic neop r as m s in c_ats. J. Natl Cancei:Inst.'54(4): eis_eeo',\975. P a t n a i k , A . K :,.H u rvi tzr_ 4 . ..--", G. F.: canine bir .e duct T j ,' 9no- 5d;;;"; carcinsna. Vet. pith. Iaz +lg_+44', I9gI.Prasse, K. w,., Mahaffey,E. n., oeNouo, et ar. : chronic rymphocytic _8. cholangitis in thiee cats. 'Vet. pitn. p;gg-to|, r9gz. . DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M .D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoor Departmentof Veteriniry eathoi6gy ResuLts AFIP f{ednesday Slide Conference - No. 25 20 March 1985 Conference Moderator: Charles G. McLeod, Jr. LTC, VC, USA Diplornate AC!tr Cligf, Conparative pathology of chemical Defense !i Amv Medical Research lnstitute Aberdeen proving Ground, Edgewood, MD ZIOI0 e rtom a five-rrDnth-old lamb. This clinically and passed the routine antemorteminspection.' normal lamb was GrossPatholggL_ Postmortem examinationrevealed papules, 3-5 rm in d i a @ u e . N o o t h e r g r o s s a b n o r m a 1 i t i e s w e r e d e t e eseveraL ted. Contributorts SubacutemuLtifocal glossitis lial pustules, bacteiial witl'i Etiologyr.pox virus with secondary bacterial infeetion. Nane Of of. disease; disease: eontaninrre contagiouscafhrrrne ecthyma. IflF -$F mostcmmonty onrhefeet andlips H::"pLl":+g'j1,.:o?!.gi:u:_:?t!I1?-occul -#;#!il5:;ffi ildilJ'i"li"i!'i"fii,iffi : f,lj"St.;gl*:o. ?::H. ::^1ry^:rl":i:41i. ;::*I#ri, Hfl .f m"5*, :l^:r::ry*1. il":!::i:*{. _f t_iq+yil;i qi$;*"fi#Aii=iillJi"ffllii;"iil i::rH..S Xl**1" Lesions of contasious "::l_:F:i: ec*ryra-;;; fiil;;;i!ii.. AFIP Diaonosgs., r) Grossitis, pustular, erosiver_?cu!e, mur.tifocar, seveDe, witnffiooningoegJneialionano'eolinopnilicintracytop1asmicirclusion bodies, tongue, oI9:9 r-nsFeciFied, ovine; with parapoxvirus. 2) Sarcocysts, multlfocal., intiamuscuiai, tJngu". "tioiogy-conpatible conference noted baeterial colonies superficially !9I9i,e3r!.rcioants tongmrnr<tniv-*ereassqciaieo-withfi;"fiii"#5lo"yresponse. on the The differential-diagnosis oisto on tne-[i"top"tnorogy alone inctuded arrd mouthdisease, pox, and ullerative dermatosis. Thefoot sheep ?lf .ionguer. severe proliferative responseirriln sombtimeirciurts-in .n exophytic lesion can serve to differentiate contagiousecthymafrom othe"-0i"""."s, case' Preserceof intracytopiasmic inciuiion-oioi""'ii but is not evident in this this disease since they aie irien.transient; in-contrast,not-a"reriabLe featr.'e of inclusion boctiesare reliably fourrd in shaei pox. lisioni oi-oi]e-Iongue are often angiocentric crre to the predirection of thlt'virus-ior endotheliir-""irs. cunicariy, brue tongrc and sfeeppoxare usuallyaccunpanied by a;Griltsigniq-disease,w,l-rire contagious ecthymararery is. intereslingiy, iorostrar-lniioooi., pJotqctiver_and the diseaseis conunonly seenin failOi'in their.""onO weekof"""-,iot life. p"rr€#onffi, [:*T::illof."tn Animal p.0. Box1654, r{ealthLaborarory, Suooested readino. ffitits,o.M.,andHenderson,J.A.:VeterinaryMedicire'6th Tindal.l, 198t, pp 837-8V8. Ed., Baillieri Dieterich, R. A., Spencer, G. R., Burger, D. et al..: Contagious ecthyma in Alaskan musk-oxen and Dall sheep. J. Am. Vet. f4ed. Assoc. L79(11)': 1140-114r, 1981. trickson, G. A., Carbrey, E. A., and Gustafson, G. A.: Generalized contaaious ecthyma in a sheep rancher: Diagnostic considerations. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. I66(t): 262-263, 1975. Jensen, Rue, and Swift, B. L.: Diseases of Sheep, 2nd Ed., Lea & Febiger, 1982, pp 109-11I. JtJbb, K. V., and Kennedy, P. C.: PathoLogyof Domestic Anima1s, Vol. 2, Academic Press, L97O, pp 595-596. Lance, l{., Adrian, Vrl., and Widhalm, B. : An epizootic of contagious ecthyma in Rocky llountain Bighorn sheep in Colorado. J. Wldlife Dis. 17(4): 601-501, l8l. Case II - 81-I995A, 8i.-1.9 81-1995C(AFIP L947250). (I EM re Angora goat. ing an experimental procedute. a Gross Patholggy: _Numerous_ gray-white lobular masseswere found thrurgrhouttfte 1ive@5cm1obu]'irmassprotrudedfrcrntheserosa1sr-atace-of_the abomasun.The cut surface of the abomasalmassrevealed several rpchrleswith necrotic and ligfttJ.y-mineralized centers extending fron the mrcosal s.lrface through tfe serosa. In the liver, I?lg"t, necrotic and civj.tated massesvarying imrn +-to 8 cmin dianeter, srnalJ.er'solidmisses, ranging fqon 0.5 ti t.A g|nweBeobseled. Cmtr rsD & Corment. Gastric careinoidr.abomastrnwith frepatic l"leoplastic cells in both the abqnasumand liver were identical. lr€tastatic sites in the liver differed only in that minerilization *is-no[ seen in arees of necrosis. Diagnosis was based 6n the characteriiiielign[-ricroscopic appJiiance i of the tumor and the uLtrasturctural findings oi Gnse-ili#ti;piaimic------membrane-bound secretory granules in tumor 6e[s. AFrP Diagnosis. Marignant neoplasm, abomasun,Argora, caprine. conference No!e.. The differential diagnosis incLuded gnanrlotras, c a r c f f i . = " o o * " . T h e m o d e i " i o " , w h o c o n t r i o u i i o t h i s c a s e , scoaleseirg howed a section of liver to which the_neoplasmhaJ-mEiastasized fotmirg ribbons, papit'lary' all solid patterns of iirr.";;;-;r'' srbwth. ihf!o-,.sal rrass revealed smarl nests of cerls witfr wnat ad;arca to be *gy;dhypic gnarules however,.si.nee tneiE-n"it.- *""" aoiilenl lo lilnl.the-cytopJasml of carcification' the stain was ieemedequivocal. Trre uLtriJiir.rctural areas features of the neoplasticc€lIs' as.seen by the.erec[mnpnotonnicrofifi;';;il"Lt considered by participants to be.diagnostic; the urtra.Ltu"ir"ir ;;tili"gi-J."tion of the contributing institutlon repoiteo tinoing-chi"i"t""irtic ciicinoio g"anules in nurrcroussections they examined. 2 Carcinoids have nevet been reported in the goat, and are extremely rare in domestic speeies other than the African rodent, PraornysQgg$gqyg) natalensis, which has a high incidenee in old animals. The iiEtFFmsffi argentaffin and norFargentaffin cells which are part of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (AP|JD)group of cells. These cells were all formerly thought to be derived from the neural crest, although this is no longer held to be true of most APID cells. In man, carcinoids ar€ iesponsibl.e for a carcinoid syndromewhich resuLts from the release by the neopJ,asm of vasoactive amines, primarily serotonin and kaLlikrein (Sykes, 1982). Contributqr.- ComparativePathology Branch, US Army Medicat ResearchInstitute of Chffiic?TEFEnse, Aberdeenproving-bround, Maryl-and'Zl-010. Suqqestedreadino. ffii.r'oeoranoE,P.K.anoMonEgomerY,C.A.}.:Carcinoio tumor in the small intestine of a dog. Vet. path. tt:- vao-lal, 1974. l{oultonr_J. E. (Ed.): Tumorsin DomestieAnimals. Univeriity of Califomia Press, Berkeley, L978, pp 266-268. . Patnaikr A. K., Hurvitz, A. .r., and Johnson,G. F.: canine intestinal adenocarcincrnaand carcnoid. Vet. path. L7: I49-L€t, IggO. Snellr K: C.r.and Stewart, H. L.: I'talignant argyrophilic gastric carcinoids of Praomvs - - 5 y " e s l(lhSlcrnp) ] | f r a h @ B .nataLensis. j . . _ c a n i n e i nScienee i 6 s t i n aI6t;. i c a r 47O, c i n o iVeg.' ds.Vet.Patir.l9: La-I3L, L982. CaseIII - no contrib'# blood snear) (AFIP 19621885)'. naseo as one of a grotp of acquired frcrn varrous unrvetsj.tj.es; prior use of these anlmals varied frcrn experinental surgery to fetal pLumbismstudies to psychological reseatEtl. ].]' Aug Auq L9822 physical exams L9822 Initial -''i'v-f-:trTd. Bilateral alopecia Hematologic and serum chemical values were within normal limits laboratory. . T3 .= 47.5 T 4 = 6 .2 T7 = 2.69 Gmss Patholoqv. r) Dj.ffuse, severe, glomerulonephritis, bilateral. z, urrruse pigrxent_deposition, liver and spJ.een. ?l ldenopa, adrenal eortex. (V x 4 cm nass). 4) Atrophy, epidermis, mild, with fragmentation and follicular for the keratosis. Laboratory Results. ffi RtsC 4.96 x 106 Hbg 10.9 g/d1 HCT t6.*A MCV 74 fL MCH 22.O l,trH9 29.5 Normal (+/-) B4reT 11.0 (1.0) tz.e (2.e) 62.0 (r.0) l{Bc 11.' % Neutrophil 65. it Lymphocyte 28. % Monocyte 07. Norrnal )+/-) ET73T lvfarch L987: HffiloIo-6F RBc e.}e x fo6 Hbg I3.3 g/dl HCT 45.2% MCV 65 fL MCH lg.1 MCHC29.2 wBc 20.t % Neutrophil 59 % Lymphocyte 23 % Monocyte 4 % Eosinophil 4 Note: Serumchemistries within two standard deviations of laboratory and/or published norrnal values in January and March. 22 Auoust L9832 Animtf was incoordinated and anorexic, and was euthanatized. Hematol.oov Normal (+/-) Chemistries (STAT) Normal G/_) FB-ffi5i ro6 Hbg 9.5 g/dL HCT 35.6% l.GV 69.0 fL wBC 7.5 x Ifr % NeutrophiL TS % Lymphoeyte18 % lvlonocyte z % Bands 2 IWBC= 74lL00 }ilBC T.frrcT 11.0 (1.0) 3 2 .9 (2.9) 6?.0 (1.0) ffims/d_ creatinine 2.Bt tg/dL TPr ot 5.2 gldL Phosphate 17.4 ;q/d_ Glucose 86.9 rng/dL ChoLesterol ZZS.7 mg/ctL Triglycerides 145., tg/d- ffito' .is 8.2 4.2 56 *I5l *1.I7 -.2>' C tr .oi ii.ll (9) (Zl) (76) Interpretation: BLoodsmear: Anisgcyto:is, pq+xirocytosifr 'targett.ceJ.Is, nucleated RBCrs, Hematoros' i3fii.#'*l,Hil;i;:13ffiffi:"frffi1'iltun*"*.. chemistries: lrlarkedphosphalemiawith etev;Ed;;;ti^ffi;"ffi',*l6orestirot, glucose and with hypoproteinemra. corrment: Trophozoite (ring) and schizont stages present in parasitized erythrocytes. The percent of fiarasitizeo-iiitnrocytes, arethe stages present conculrently' and granules within the trophoioites'are'typicii-or plasmodiurn inui. Thisanima1wasin-termina1rena1rai1.ure-wtr"n-tni"smear*""'"o"ff: lvlaLariaparasitism in the cynomolgusronxey ii uiJaiiv rir"nt, wrless exacerbatedby-stress or spleneitomy. There are four plasmodial parasites that conunonlyinfect macques. p. vivax is distinguished by markederythrbcylig rrypg:i"opny and characterisiic-"t"Iniffi tn gametes' P. knoJ4esit_lle main dirrerintiat hoi p. inui,-iJ-i-rurminating disease, with two t6-t@iisites per erythrocyte, rnr#iiin'ir'tbox of the erythrocytes; survival is rare. p. cvnomol6i"ni infections-""" ifre, and rimited to rhesusmonkeys.P.inuiisre1atTIeffi,-andinfectionof80-85*ofthe circulating erythE-c!ffi is considerei to oe i neavy infection. The disease is usually cFrronic'.*+tf eyclic (waft ino *rn.i parasitemia. The garetes have eharacteristic itaining-quarities, but oasopniric stippling is i runction of pH. AFrP Diaonosjls.,- Erythroparasitemia, protozoal, diffuse, moderate, peripheral [email protected],-llGiif"*i9,1"gg].primate;etio1ogy-conpatib1ewith Plasrnodir-rm spp. ConfereneeNo'te. Participants noted ring lorms and trophozoites within paraffice1]'s.Ma1aria1pigmeit(hemazoin)presentinassoeiation with trophozoites, cannot be differentiated from acid hematin histochemically; it is, however, positive for iron foltowing microincineration, whereasacid hembtin is not. In the differential diagnosis Hepatocyslis spp. must be included since parasitized red blood cei.ls also cii%fi-Tiiffizoites, gametocytes, and hemazoin, but intraerythrocytic schizogonydoes not occut as it'does witn pfismooiurnjpp. Nucleated erythrocytes were reported in the laboratory results but participants did not consider them a remarkable feature in this smea!.' Also tne fyminopenii seen.terminally couj.d have been due to the immunosuppressive effects 6t'g-re adrenal cortical tunor or the high BUN. Somealso thought lfre fact that the animal was irmunosuppressedwas additional.ly reflected oy Fypers"En-ntaiion or neutropnifi *h+.h were staying in circulation Longer because-young6r cells could not be reLeased from the bone marrow. Contrj-butor. WasrrinS i]-DF?O7W. Division of Pathology, -.-----J Walter ReedArmy r'r"t Institute *I ree*evLs of vr Research ^sDscuur It Suggestedreadino. ffiePrimateMa1arias.U.S.GovernmentPrintingoff5'ce,L974. Loeb' |Y. F.: Hematologicdisorders. In Pathology -ig7e, oi iaooratory Animals, (Benirschke, Garner, Joresl Eds.) r:5p"ing"i-ve"r"g, il-d;o_1050. L. H.: The eharacteiislics-of ptlsm6oiumgylq*rgi in v a .schmidt, r i o u s 0 1 d t { o r ] . d p t i m a t e s . h ' J ' ' " 6 . , f f i i ; ; : - * -infections ,'-.'' stokes' et al.: Acqteclinical maiirii-iila3'tocErnn jaqi) in a cynonolgus tonk:L r-ao. nni.-5"i.ffi5i,=i;ft.*' {@risl. vgller, A.lTllEffiiiium pathoiogy ancl hepato"v"ii". Part II, KarBer, Basel, Ig7Z, pp 57_23. in .': of simian prinates, Case IV - 81-592 (AFIP 190Og5Z). week-o1dma1ebroadbreastedwhiteturkeypou1ts. lnese two poults axe from a fLock which hao looie droppings-i""o,rp.nied by a modest irnreasein mortali!.voeoin.i?g at 3 weeki-oF-ige.etinoffesi-*itn rens opacities wasseenin about1%of lne oiios, --' ano-ati"i. rno torticolli; i; about0.1x of tFre birds. Gross Patholggg A white-yelLow exudate present in the lateral v e n t f f i g n o " = - i ' l i o n . w e r e S e e n . ' " . - - = | | L I rwas ltne Laboratorv Results. salmonella arizonae was cultured from the eyes. & Comlent.1) Ventriculitis, granulomatous, diffuse, . . 2) Leptomeningitis, p1eoc6l1u1ar, , sevete, diffuse, chronic, sever,e, turkey. Not all sections coniain both r.esions. Bacteriar. rods can be seen in the exudate within the Lateral ventricles. in""E-r"" grarr-negative and probably represent S. arizonae. S. arizonae infection of the brain has been reported in turkeys (west, L974) anOFniEEl?ffiilva, 1980). Granulomatous inflammation was the ptominent reaction This is the first report of was not a feature in the turkey. in the chieken, but S. arizonae infection producing a granulomatous reaction in the brain of the turkey cJo;tiieT-e8r). AFIP Diagnoses. l.) Ventriculitis, neerogranulomatous, segmental, severe, with bacterial colonies, lateraL ventricle, brain, broad breasted white turkey, avian. 2) Meningoencephalitis, granulomatous, diffuse, mild to moderate, brain; etiology--compatible with Salmonella arizonae. 9g4ferenceNote. Somehistologic sectj.onsdo not contain lateral ventricle. sa1mffiormer1yArizonahinshawiiisafrequentinfectionofturkey ffieeksof-affierbirdsaleoccasiona1Iyinfect!d as are reptiles and man. The organismslocaLize in the ovary of infected birds often leading to eggsheJ.lpenetration. The diseaseis seenmost frequently as a systepic illness which affects manyorgan systems. Opacities of tfe eye (ophthalmitis) as were seenin a smalJ.percentageof the flock represeirtedby thiE case, ale seenin a significant nunberof-poults infected with S. atizonae, but may also be seen in birds afflicted with paratyphoid, NewcastLe disES's*SFr6illosis, or colibacillosis. Caseouscaecal and intestinal plugs are characteristic-of S. arizonae but also of other SalmoneLla spp. Granui.omatous l,esions in the brainFof Efr,Gkfrnd poults must be oEEi@Feo rrom oaciviirii-ggUgru, a dematiacious furpus. Contributor., Virginia-MarylandRegionalCoJ.legeof Veterinary Medicine, virgfift-fE;lffilacks6urg, vir'ginia 2466I. Suggested reaclinq, D. Earl, smith, E. E. . et al. : Salmonellosis'and ffi, arizonosis in the reptile collection at the National ZooJ.ogica1 Park. J. Am. Vet. lvfed. Assoc. 177(9): 800-803, 1980. Hofstad, M. S. (Ed. ): Diseases of Poultry, 7th Ed., Iowa State University Press, 1978, pp 169-179. of the brain in - Jortnerr B. S. and Larsen, C.: Granulomatous ventriculitis arizonosis of turkeys. Vet. path. 2I: ll4-115, 1994. -Si]va, E. N.: Natural and experimental Saimonella arizonae infection in [email protected]. 242 63I-6t6, I98O. - .. Wg"tt J.. L., and Mohanty, G. C.: Arizona hingFrqlii infection.in tr.nkey poults: Pathologic changes. Avian Dis. L7: t]WIgT DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registryof VeterinaryPathology Departrent of Veterinary Pathology Results AFIP l,lednesday S1ide Conference- No. 24 J Aoril 1985 ConferenceModerator: LeonardH. Billups, DVM DiplomateACVP EnvironmentalPathology Services 809 Viers Mill Road Rockville, MD 2O85I Case I - 84N14t (AFIP 1947882). or rear limb paralysis ar-o1dma1ecoonhoundwhichexhibitedacuteonset following several months of rear limb weaxness. Gross Patholoov. of thoracolumbar spine. @ 2) Fistulous inflammation of sublumbar musculature. 3) Multifocal pneumonia. 4) Porcupine quills found in stomach, mesentery and spinal column. Laboratory Results. ffia was cultureo from the sublumbarmuscles. Contributorts Diaqnosis& Commer!L. Fistulous pyogranulomatous inflammationof ur-J-oy-. mi6riting-poicupinequitl. 0n-subsequent.investigation, the ownerreiorted-that lhe dog had exposureto a porcupinetwo monthsprior to the start of the illness. The lung lesion appeared as if there weremigralory tracts throughthe lungs towardthe dorsal and caudal lobes. similar migrationi of plant awni can resuit in the thoraco-lumbar osteomyelitis. The fact that P. multocidawasisolated might be additional evidence^suggesting that the qEilffiigiETed to the T-L juicture througn ihe lungs. Quills lodged in the stomachano duodenum wereviry short. ' AFIPDiaonosis- Pyogranulomas, chronic, multifocal, severe, with associated cent@riirlo*Jni,'tp"'"oniiioutoil;-;;6"h;unolcanine. tne ConferenceNote. The nature of the central foreign p y o g f f i c u s s e d 1 p 1 a n t m a t e r i i j , _ p o r c u p i n " q , i i i , - i n o smaterial u t u r e m present a t e r i a 1within the v{ereconsideredthe most.likely.. The presencbor i oart< tiJnuiar pigmentJno-ine laminated structure of the matlrial is'highly suggestive 6r a hair shaft or similar keratinaceous structure. Plant material wouio O6-pnS positive and highly anisotropie. The material in this case is not PAS positive and ia ;it-;eakly ani.sotropi-c. r'n many sections, however, several rrigm-n-s-oi prant r"teiiirr' clearly identifiable by the thick ceII walls, are present within the pyogranulomas. Presumably, this material was carried in wiln [he quill. contributor.., Departmen!_of Schoolof Veterinary tledicine, .Veterinary science, univ6TTiEyl-FTscons in, 1655 Linden Dri ve, l,t"Ji ron, t{isconsj.n 5t706. Suggested readino. -H.r -e n . nan,K. E . , a n d l h r k e , p . J . : G r a s s a w n migration in dogs and cats: _ A retrospective study of 1g2 cases. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 182(11): 120I-120/r, 1993. Mirakhur, K.^K., and Khanna,A. K.: Rernovalof a porcupinequill from the . temporal fossa of a dog - a case report. Caninepract. I0(3): 100_101,198r. lvlorshead,D. : Submucosalurethral calcul-us secondaryto foxtail awn migration . in a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. lg2( 11) : !ZL7_I?L|, L9g3. CaseII - HLA 8424 (AFIP 1948733). ld 90 tb. male Holstein calf. This herd was found-to-be-experiencingan increased incidence,of metritis, retained placenta, stillbirth, and weakcalves in a group of first calf heifers. Calves born to dams in this group usually exhibited swelling of the ventral neck region below the larynx and gross lesions similar to those noted in this case. In contrast, calves bcrn to mature cows were normal. In several instances, weakcalves were treated with injectable Polyflex (Bristol Laboratories brand of ampicillin), and showeda markedclinical improvementwith reduction of the swelling in l-5 days. Gross Pathology. Enlarged thyroids with several hemorrhagicareas. No other grosffi Contributor's MorpholoqicDiaqnosis & Comment.Hvoerolastic ooiter. congenlEal.. LcroJ-ogy,1odine deficiency. Further investigation revealed that the group of first calf heifers had inadvertently been supplementedwith salt only, while the mature cows had received a balanced mineral mix that included iodine. The markedclinical improvementwith reduction in thyroid size in the calves treated with Polyflex apparently resulted from the presence of 500 mg of Povidone-Iodine as a presirvative in each 25 om vial of Po1yflex. - Histologic changesincluded hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium to a coLumnartyPel with hyperplasia and papillary infoldings. Essentially no colloid was present within follicles. AFIP ?iSgnoses. JJ ttyperplasia, follicular, papillary, diffuse, moderateto severe, with scant colloid, thyroid, Holstej-n, bovine; condition consistent with a 'rhyperplastic goiterr'. 2) Hemorrhage, fibrin-deposition and organization, subcapsular, subacute, multifocal, moderate,thyroid. Conferenceryo!9,. Most histologic sections conlain somesmall follictes'which idenffisthyroid.oirrerentiationofthishyperpJ.asticgoite"i"o'" thyroid adenocarcinomais based on the degree of organizatibn of the tlssues and the presence of normal structures such as nerves which would be effaeed by aninf iltrative neoplasm. The discussion centered on the types of goiter seen in domestic animals, common goitrogenic substances' and someaspects or lne ecology of iodine deficiency in animals. Generally speaking, hyperplastic goiter is Jie to-froround iodine deficiency. The hyperplasii.results from t6e effects or tny'r-id stimuLating hormoneupon the follicular epithelium. Introduction of ioiine to the diet of an anj.maLwith hyperplastic goiter or to one experiencing miio iooine oefici"n"y result in colloid goiter. Less common are nodular goiterr-*nicfi oeii [isior6gi""r ""n similarities to both hyperplastic and colloi! and are usually clinically Ooiteis silent. Toxic goiter is characterized by mild hyperplasia and is common in man (Grave's diseasE)out rare in-otner animlls. The cause of the subcapsular and interstitial hemorrhagewith organizing fibrinous clots was speculated by participants to have been the result of trauma during parturition, possibly due-to the prominenceof the enlarged thyroid. The hemorrhageand tissue-lamage from such trauma would explain tne mifo mj.xed inflanrnatory celI infiltration present in the connective tissues adjacent to the thyroid seen in most sections. Contributor. 2218- Hazleton Laboratories, 9200 LeesburgTurnpike, Vienna, Virginia fuqqested readino. B l o o d , D . C ., R a d o sti ts, 0 . M., and Hender son,J. A.: Veter inar y Medici ne,5th Edition, Bailliere Tindall, !983, pF. 1011-1014. D o i g e , C . E ., a n d McL a u g h l i n B. , G.: Hyper plasticgoitr e in newbor nfoals i n We s t e r nC a n a da . C a n . V e t. J. 2 2 : 42- 45, 198I. H o e n i g , M., Go l d sch mi d t,M. H ., Fer guson,D. C. et a} .: Toxic nodular goi tr e in the cat. J. Small Anj_m.Pract. 23: I-IZ, I9BZ. J u b b ' K . V .F ., a n d K e n n e d y,P . C.: Pathologyof domesticAnim als, 2nd Edi ti on, AcademicPress, NewYork, I97A, pp. 411-415. M c 1 - a u g hl i nB, . G., a n d D o i g e , C. E.: Congenitalm usculoskeletallesions and h y p e r p l a s t i c g o i tre i n fo a l s. C a n. Vet. J. ZZ: L3O- Ijj, I9gl. case rrr - no c@. (2 radiographic slides) his dog presented . with a one-weekhistory of anorexia and depression and 4-day history of-diarrhea. 0n physical exam, conjunctiva were pale and the abdomenwas tense. Radiography revealed pulmonaryincreased density, possi.ble renal calculi and an abdomlnal' circumscribedmass. .--.''.'..-i-i Gross Pathology. At surgery, a mass found incorporating the duodenum was reseffiasnecrotib,withperforaiingu1ceratioianowasfirmtohard and white, with a fibrous texture. There was allo a firm omental nodule. The dog recovered uneventfually, but returned one month later with recurrence of the abdominaLmass. .The dog was euthanatized; at necropsy, nodules were found throughout the liver, omentumand gastrointestinaL tract. No skeLetal masseswere found. Laboratory ResuLts. rresurotcaJ_: .r+_ - HemaEology: WBC fi.6 x LO7 RBC 27.79 x 105 HgB 6.4 g/dI HCT 19.A% MCV 59.1 fl MCH 22.8 pg |,4eHC 33.5 g/dlPLT eo.5 ; 103 Differential: Seg 54% Band10% Lynph ?7% lvlono 4% Eos 0% Prior to death: 38,7 x IO3 3.I4 x IO3 8.0 g/dl 23.3% 74.O fI ?5.6 pg 34.5 q/dI 84.0 x 10, 1 1 v I Lrn /Rmq 5% 11% 8% Presurgical: slight polychromasiaand moderateanisocytosis, microcytosis and hypochromasib. Reticulocyt; a;ili 3.8. Prior to death: Slight poikilocytosis and moderate microcytosis, macrocytosisand polychromasia. Serumchemistrv: Presurgical: Urea 15 mg% C r e a t i n i ne 0 .5 Sodium149 meq/L Po t a s s i u m4 .5 Phosphate 4.? na% C a l c i u m 8 .0 Total protein 5.2 on% Albumin 2.0 gn% Alkaline phosphatase 5A6 IU/L sGoP49 UA: Presurgical: yellow Color Specific gravity 1030 Urobilinogen Neg OccuJ.tbLood I fr Bile I Ketones rl GLucose fr Bilirubin pos Protein pl-l 7.s Prior to death: Yel1ow 1031 Non It il il ft il Pos '7n g=9-Qonrnent.Osteosarcoma,duodenum,with metastasis to a sm. variousrydiasnosed as mausnant ::liil:,::."::T:1"*1-::::::?1.?T"1^arso ;i";;;;io'r,""1''#;"":;"'ii'i3l3ll"o ffiffi!:ltlgli:?:i::.ill:::::":*y.:l-::t! ". i:tld:3::i:'"; ?;:''1:1, lyg:.,l,:^ln?^.*:F; theossifyingtumorinextr."t."t"ffi-;;;;;,';""i$"!i:Hi: "i'#i.i-iqE"ii#.ii#. "Til"'f, AFIP DiaonoEig. in teFtTnEffif 0steosarcoma, -- - with chondromatous differentiation, "; ;i;; : sma1l conference Note. The radiographic slides reveal radiodensities which o n t @ . ' . - r o . . | " i i n t n e r e g i o n o f L 5 a n d L 5 v e n t r a 1 abdominal tothe kidney. Extraskeletal osteosarcomasare knownto occur in association with other conditions such as mixed mammary tumors, mixed turnors or tne-inyroid, and Spirocerca luoi granulomasor ine Jropnidr"ifle"ander, =1979). They are also Enoughtto arise from areas of myositis 6ssificans or irom foci of dystrophic ossification' Visceral osteosarcomasare considered to be manifestations of teratoma development(Eckerlin , 1976). in"-ni-.tiog"n"ris oi-ossifying tr.rmorsin extraskeletal soft tissues is 6ontroversiar. rn rie mixed-tumors(mammary, thvroid) it is t!9ueft that cailiiase develops rrommeraprasia of :yi::"Illbone develops from myoepithelial cells; enooefionoralossification of the cartilage' In tissues other than thyroid and mammary gland, it is thought osteosarcomasmay arise from malign.nt ry""pitnelial .itt. *ni.n can originate from m q n y - g l a n d ul atir ssu e s (B a rd e t,.1997) . The neoplasmin this case has m any similarities with the jejunal neoplasmreported by Eckerlin, Garman,and Fowler in 1976. Contributor. of Veterinary Medicine, Ioth Medical Laboratory, ^Department npoNeTToTR'-0Eeo. Suggestedreadino A r e x a n d er, l r'/. and Easley, J. R,: Extr askeletal osteos ar c om a r w a l ke r, M. . ^ J. in a d o g . J . A me r..A l i l . H o i p . n-A., ss6c. 15: 99_IAZ,1979. B a r d e t , J. ., and DeHoff, w. D. : Extr askeletal osteosar m m as : i sb ro d ep,S L ite r a t u r e r e vi,f..., e w a^f{e nd a ca se re sentation. j. Amer .Anim. Hoip. Assoc. 19: 501-504, Igg3. M o o r e ,R ' w ., S n yd e r; S . P ., Houchens, J. w. al- .: M alignantm esench y m om in a a dog. J. Amer. Anim. Hosp. Asloc. 19: rcl_pO, et I9g3 Eckerlin. - ' ' nR " , . H ., and Fowr er r ' E. H.: J. Amer .Vet. M ed.As s oc . :r.-Ga rma 1 6 8 ( e )z e g v 4 gT=., T tsie.'J e r a j , K ' Y a n o ,B .r Osb o rn e ,c. A. et ar .:- pr imar y hepatic osteosar comja.n a d o g . J . Am . Ve t. Me d .-A sso c.I7 9 ( Io) , iooo_ioo=, 198I. Pollock, s., Frankrin, G. A.,, ;li w"g"""]-g. M.: crinicar signficance of trauma, myositis ossificans, and malignJit-rir"nchymoma in the ctog: Report of an u n u s u a lc a s e - J. A me r.A n i ri r.H o sp.Aisoc. r z zi7- 242, !g7a. Case_IY-- ga-9l (AFIP 1948878).__fZ_qqfostides) tit. breed canine. The dog was presentedwith clini:.l signs 6r.tetrapaS-iisl it couio nol-li.no unassisted, and had a swollen, ho!,, left cirpal joint.' rn"-J6g had a history of unilateral twomontn'' :H'f!:l?l'i:i:,i: s oiralion l-lweuingor ih! rert carpaljoint or "ni Gross Pathology. The ventricular-myocardium a r e a f f i i a m e t e r . T h e s p r e e n - a n J - x i o n " y s c o n t a i n contained e d s i m i 1 a rmultifocal 1 e s i o n s pale yellow varying in size from I mmto 1 cm in'oiameier. intervertebrar discs ano aoja-ent metapnyses-orThere was destruction of !z_z ana rd_s. similar extensive loss of bone had 5ccurred in'the and-rocauy ".oiat carpar bonb, and the articular il:ft:"J:""::lli":ll::t"" erooeJ.--in"-"#;";1F'rh" r"rt eyewas Laboratory Results. ffiy,B1ood-+++,Protein++,Neutrophi1s++,Redb1oodce11s +++' Transitional epitheiiar *i, a;;;;e granurar case ++, Fungal hyphae present. ""tt. Microbiology: Asperqillus and tnoracic vertebffi-- terreus was isolated from the spleen, heart, kidney Contributor'@Nephritis,.mu1tifoca1,pyogranu1omatous, : " . b ' 5 i 1 j i ] ' n i o n e y l - ' i i u J - 6 , " e o , d o g . E t i o 1 o g y 1 - J rne casriS$!ffir of several cases of disseminatedA. terreus infection seen over the past four years. Themajority hive n""n in in" F"ffipn"ii"ii!"0. The reasons for the'nel'ativeiv suddenippe"rance of the disease is unclear. AFIP Diaonosis. Nephritis, necrogranulomatous, chronic-active, seveffitis',ini]iction,;";i;i;;1esiona1funga1hyphae,kidney,mixed breed, canj.ne. conference Note. multifocal, A vascular distribution o v ' f f i ; ' ; ; ; ; ' . t t h e c o r t i c o m e ! , ' i ] i " - l i : l ? ?of fa gt hee nettii nstsn nuigr tgwith e s t eareas d infarction in the deeper cortex. of Fungal hyphaeean be seen on both the H&Eand pAS-stained sections, but are seen best with GMS. The hyphaeare para11el-wa1led, r.pirtrl and ranoe from 5-12 microns in diameter. Terminal, up to 20 micron burbous sweliings are present on hyphae' as are occasional spores which bud laferally off of hyphae. Since no pseudohyphae or yeast forms are present, organj.im--ir.n rr c.ioior ano qrasfon:r.., canbe ruled out. Hyphae of zvgomycetes rarely septatelhffin;;#iii# walls, andare generauywiderinan tnoseare in this iase. rn6 rarge terminaland occasionar laterar aleuiospores seen on hyphaein this diagnostic for ".r.-""" w^d1I|:ry"tiatingitiifi_;therAspergiJ1ui'spp.ano pae11omyceteS.ThesesporeS'however'are*t"-"oiiyffiwithoutGMSstains. This case bears many-siinilarities to cases of dissemiiateJll --- :. teneus in dogs reported by t{ood (1978) and by Mu1lhanJy(fie:), Participants noted the monotonouspopulation of lymphoblastic cells in the interstitium of this kidn"y hypothesizeoinat.an underlying neoplastic disease of the rymphoreticular-sytt'"t "n-may-naves"rued-to rmmunosuppress the animal and predisposeit to fungal infection. Participants arso noted glomerular changes which were interpret6c as rioiin or amyloiJ-Jeposition. *"o3ffi*,,?';"Ti:in:'-:"r":E5]''.'ogy,SchoolofVeterinaryStudies, luggested readinq. r q r r ' r n a n ey'T - p ., L e vi n , s.l ," n g^I?gr i"Ii, . R. J.: Disseminated asper gill 0s i s : . n a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d ..A sso c .IgZ( 51, if&_Sfe, 19gt: weitkamp,R. A.: Aspergitromain two o"gi. .:. nmer. Anir. Hosp. Assoc. 1g: 503-506, 1982. w c o d ,G ' L .,. H i rsh , D . C ., sg rg?t: R- R- et ar - .: Disseminated asper gill0 s i s i n a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. I7 Z( 6i: 7Ot+ _lOj, L97g. z o o k , B . c.,,3 ,n d Mi g a ki , G.;_ nsper giilo.ir ' in animar s. r n Asper gilr osis. (Ed;i;-a;il"iil cn,,re, c..TnEffias F,oii.ni"sl' 3i;?llil;rl;il$ri'Bll'ig:'E. D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain,VC,USA Registry of Veterinarypathology Department of Veterinary pathoi6gy 6 Results AFIP l{ednesdaySlide Conference - No. 25 t0 Aoril 1985 Conference Moderators: C O LG e o r g eD . I m e s , J r . LTC John M. Pl-etcher Department of Veterinary pathology ArmedForces Institute of patholoov \{ashington, DC 20306 Case..I-: 82/ 9I€9_(AFI? I9a%a8) . HlsEorv. llssue from a lA-month-old male Scottish highland ferret (Muste1a + putorius furo). --F.-- Sevenof 700 femets on this property oieo arfe"-""nioiffi varrable nervous.signs which included head tilt, circiing, lethargy and depression. Both sexes were affected and all were young-adults. Gross PathoLogf. external ear canal was filred b r o w f f i y m p a n i c m e m..I!:_l1g!t b r a n e w a s r u p t u r e d a n d t h e m i d d 1 e e a r cwith o n t athick, i n e d dark purulent exudate.,.-Theadjacent bone and rrriiJ were sworlen and softened for up to 2 cm from the middle ear. rn this.".gion ihe-meninqe. wrrc adherent to the bone. The underlying'-er"oiur, especially tnicreneo and firmly the right pyriform lobe was dark red, swollen and malacic. . Laboratorv Resu1ts. Larqe numbersof ear mites (Otodectqs cynotis) were in the exuo@*i""i"rearcana1.st"iniioiffiffi'wascu1turedfrom the right ear and meninges. Large numbers of non-seDtate fungal hyphaewere seen in smearsfrom the right ear and meninges. An Absidia so. was cultured. Contributorrs MorpholoqicOlEgnosis& Comrent. th vascular thrombosj-s,necrosis - numerous and non-septate fungal nyfihae. Etiology: Apsidia sp. This entitvl?FbE-en recognized on several ferret Zealand. The iungal inreciioi appears to originate in farms throughout New the external ear canal and spread to the middle ear and adjacent structui-s, including-oon", muscre, menj.nges and brain. circumstantial evidence suggests thai heavy eai mite inrestations predispose to the disease, perhaps by iieatinj r a suita6te enuironmentfor fungal growth in the external eai canal'. ' I'bst positive fungal cultures have yielded Absidia spp. (These slides are stained with eomoii'. r"tEffin-"'!iiu"" plus haemotoxylin and eosin). AFrP Diaonosis. Meningoencephalitisand ventriculitis, f o c a @ i t h v a i c u r i t i s , t n r o m o o s i i l a n o i n t r a 1 e s i o n a 1 f u n g a 1 h necrogranulomatous, yphae, cerebrum, scottish higrrrandfemet, prusteia-zuIgG-6,;;Iteuo. "- .-' ConferenceNote. In addition to lesions noted in the morphologicdiagnosis, tner@itisandmicroabsceSseSscatteredthroughouttneneuiopi1 adjacent to severely affected areas. Fungal hyphaerange fr6m 9-I5 microns in diameter, have non-parallel walls, are raiely septate, ind branch irregularly. Zygomycosis is common in mansecondaryto unlreated oi poorly controlled diabetes mellitus where high blood sugar leveli stimulate ornanisms ev qrow \ into vessels :'u!'4v"'v tn from surrounding iissues contrlbutor. _ _i _ raJ-merston North, Parmerston North r t n Animal A n l m a r HeaLth uve&s,_.,", p H e a r t , , Ig ahnrarnrv , .0. Box 1554, New Zealand. Suggested readino u n a n o r e r ' F . w .' p ra n r w .,,.and_Ajello, L,: ycosis. r n Histopathol ogy of Mycotic Diseases, [a publishers, Chapt 27, Year Book Medical ,zygom Chicago, 19g0, pp. L22-I?7, 294-tOL r ., Basker vir le, A. et ar .: Biochem icarand . c o r b e l , , M. J., H a mb l e to n-p pathological ehangesin expeiimental phycomy-6sis. .:.-comp.-Fitn. 9v: zr9-23a, L98V. - 48724 (AFIP IB77B3?). ear-o1dfema1eDobermanpinscherwhichexhibited _____ graoual ctevelopment of weakness and weight loss over sj.x monLhs. Gastrointestinal bleeding developed.three days prior to profounJ tetraparesis dreseniation. developed and the dog was euthanatized.' ni-necropsy, vertebrar l-esions, cardiac ventricular dilitation, and blood throughout ine smiir and large intestines were noted. , Case II lloss PatholqgL rntervertebral discs c5-5 and_c-7 protruded c a n a f f i g r o b o i d - d u e t o v e n t r i c u 1 a r d i 1 a t i o h . T h e s t o m a c h w a s n ointo r m a lthe 1 spinal blood was present throughout smalr ano-iaite-intestine. LaQoratoryResults. f f i t r a n s f u si o n . ECG- Ventricular prematurecontractions every l0th to ]Zth beat. Contributorrs Diagnosis & commgq!-.chronic myocardial i n t e ; . ; ; l t i n f i ] t r a t i o n ; m o d e r a t e a degeneration r t e r i o 1with a r intimal cushion formation. (other: cervical intervertebral- disc-protrusion l,rlallerian degeneration of spinar cord; hemomhagicdiathesis, p"."i6rv-oue to with von wirlebrand,s disease.) This case demonstiates part of'tire sp""t"ur of myocardial degeneration and fibrosis rrytrich seen in yount-io-*ioor"-"iruo-oou"*"n=. The is 99r-nmonly cardiomyopathyin this oo! nao not yet 5".n congestive heart failure, due to the intercession of concunent disease: "*p"essed "s -ryo""rdial the wobbler sindrome and a hemorrhagicdiathesis. Ventricular dilatiJn, fibrosis and atrioventricular val-vular endocardiosis are ihe prominent gross findings in Dobermans with advancedheart disease. oi?flo.si+. Degeneration.and fibrosis, multifocal and coalescing, _^lrrlp with moderate, lipidosis, myocardium,Doberman pinsch"", canine. Conference Note. The lesions present in this case are essentially the same as thos@z1etteta1.(1983)andCa1verteta]..(1982).TheDepartment fibrosist of Cardiovascular Pathology interpreted the extensive interstitial of (occasional aggregates and rare cells myositis mononuclearinflammatory phase of healing with a neutrophils), and variation in fiber size as eompatible patients having dilated with human myocarditis which can be correlated clinically cardiomyopathy. They also noted concentric and eccentric thickening of intramural coronary arteries and compare it to similar changes seen in humanswith hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This change was also noted in Dobermanhearts examined by Calvert and Hazlett, but was not readily apparent in sections examined by conference participants. Other acquired heart diseases reported in Dobermansinclude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Liu, L979) and atrioventricular bundle degeneration causing sudden death (James, 1962; Sandusky, L979). The term "fatty/lipid infiltration", as is seen in this case, is probably not appropriate since these adipocytes are thought to arise in situ from perivascular pleuripotential mesenchymaleells. Contrilutor.- and [email protected] Veterinary Laboratory Serviees, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture V6I2, Cubtpn, 0ntario NIH 5R8. Suggestedreading. C a L v e r t , C . A ., C h a p ma ny./. , L ., and Toal, R. L.: Congestivecar diomyopathy in pinscher dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181(6): 598-6O2,1982. Doberman H a z l e t t , M. J., Ma xi e , M. G., Allen, D. G. et a1.: A r etr ospective stud y of heart disease in dobermanpinscher dogs. Can. Vet. J. 24(7)z 2O5-2I0, 1983. James,T. N., and Drake, E, H.: Suddendeath in Doberman pinschers. Ann. Int. Med. 58(4): 82I-8?9, 1968. Liu, Si-Kwang,Maron, B. J., and Tilley, L. P.: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathyin t h e d o g . A m . J. P a th . 9 a 7 )z 497-507, 1979. S a n d u s k yG , . E . , K e r r , K . M., and Capen,C. C.: Mor phologicvar iations a nd aging in the atrioventricular conduction systemof large breed doqs. Anat. Rec. I93z 88V-9O2,L979. Case III - 84-2174 (AFIP 1948332). -o1dma1eLabradorretriever(Canisfami1iaris). Ine dog was a research subject in a project relating to therapy offipT5'Si5-ffig heat and radiation. Squamouscell carcinoma of the lateral digits, right forefool, was diagnosed in Jan L984 and treated with radiation, The tum6r did n6t regtess but remained stable until Apr 30, r98/l-. New growth was noted on May 20. Amputation was undertaken but abondonedwhen nodules in the neck discovered durino surgery proveduponexaminationof frozen sections to contain metastases. Gross Patholo L_ The right thyroid is represented by a fibrous mass approxim-tefy3- x L-I/z x 1 cm. An irregularly nodular massabout I/Z cn. in thickness extends over ventraL part of trachea and larynx. Right axillary lymph node is enlarged to approximately 7 x r-r/2 x l- cm. 0n cut surface this nod6 is irregularly white and tan in noduLar pattern. There are several buckshot pellets scattered througil-rneck and subcutaneoustissue. There are several I to L-L/? nn. whitish focj. in ventricle. Coronaryarteries are enlarged approximately2X, .are irregular and grayish white. Atrial ventricular valves-are enlargeOan'dmu6oid, Left lung is reddish-purple and poorly inflated. There are Z or i approximately 3 mm.whitish-gray nodules in diaphragmitic lobe. Shotgunpellets are in lung. contributor's Diaqnosis & cpnrnrglt. Atherosclerosis (perhaps i s n " ' " r i i " t i o n p r e s e n t i n S o m e V e S arteriosclerosis s e 1 s ) i s n o t a common finding at necropsyof the dog. Attached reports list a number of neoplastic and degenerative-abnormalities and even the residuars of earlier p h y s i c a r v i o l e n ce , th e e mb e d d eshotgun d pellets. This is a bit unusuar ,eve n for a dog 13 years o1o. Excerpts from the submitted necropsyreport are as follows: Microscopic exam: There are severai smbtt foci Ji rattv inriltration in ventricle. WaII of coronary arteries is thickened Z ta jX ind there is reductj.on of diameter of lurnen. rn virious areas these walLs contain co]lections of large lipid'Iaden macrophages,imegular .p"""i i"or which lipid nas apparently been removedby processing, cholesterol clefts, and sometimes a few small mononuclear celIs' Aorta does not have signficant roipnoiogic cnange. i; muchof lung there is thickening of interalveolar septae with increased connective mononuclearcelLs. Near pleura there is a well circumscribed, tissue and smar] but not encapsulated focus of discrete, cuboidal to polyheoiar. cJiii which are packed together ctoiery and in which groups of cells are divideo inio-iobures oy-tiioecuLae of connective tissue' The neoplastic massis well vaseularized. Theie is a small artery in which there is rnrch proliferation of media to nearly obliterate lumen. A few lipid-laden maclophagesare in wall of an arteriole'betwe*n-iiu"" and gall bLadder' Tfrere are [wo tiny foci of minerariiit:.on in the warl of this vesser. somelarger splenic arterills have atherosel-""oii" is increased fibrous tissue in-many capillary,tufts. Sometimes"n"ng"r."-ii,.". there are atherosclerotic changesin wall of arcuate vessbls of the kidney. Atherosclerotic cnangiJ-ire in wall of artery and arterioles associateo witn'p.nc"".r. Neoplastic tissue from massin neck has morphologic characteristics like those described in luno nodules. Squamous cell carcinoma in tne foot is conrirmeo. There ir . .iJri"ri!.=or"="' neoplastic tissue like neoplastic tissue oeicrioeo in lung and in neck adjacent to one adrenal. There are mild atheroscLerotic changesin aiterioles il;"bt:--Arteries and arterioles of the lymph node have atheroscrerotic changes. There are atherosclerotic changesin blood vascuLature in bone marrow. Diagnosis: Carotid body tumor with metastasis to lung and periadrenal tissue; squamous celI carcinoma,_footl atherosclerosis, severe, dlrfuse'; papillaiy hyperplasia, prostate; glomerulosclerosis. "v=ti" AFIP Diaonosis. Atheroscrerosis, diffuse, npderate to severe intraextramural Coronarv arteries, Labrador retriever, canine. and Thedogprovidesa useful contrastto manyorher species *^^ 99!fgle?99 oecause or its l!?!9., resistance to the developmentof hypercholesteroiemiaand atherosclerosis- h/henthe latter does occur in the dog it generally has litg-e clinical signficance and in this context alone bears little rel-ation to vascular disease j-n man- The diffuse atherosclerotic lesj-ons noted in the necropsy report on this animaLcaused conference participants to speculate that the dog *is --hypothyroid. Thyroxine affects synlhesis, catabolism, and oiiiary excretion of choLesteroL. In hypothyroid animals cholesterof catabolism is reduced relative to its synthesis; biliary hypercholesterolemi a . excretion is also reduced with the net result being Thomasand Kim (1983) wrote an excellent review of humanatherosclerosis which includes current concepts on its parhogenesis; rhis paper is worthy of review. ContributOr. ncnarimcni- nf Vslsrinary SCience, University of ArizOna, Bldg. ro, ffiffi2o";-6;iir: -Suooestedreadino. D a h m eE , . G.: A th e ro scl e ro si sand ar ter ioscler osis in domesticanimals. Ann. N . Y . A c a d .S c i . L 2 7 ( L ) z 5 5 7 - 6 5 8 1 , 965. cv v o- 5 r4 rv ti i r r t a r\. G.: T h e ro l e o f the monocytein ather ogenesis. Am. J. Path . lO 7 ( ? ) : 1 8 1 - 19 0 ,1 9 8 1 . Mahrey,R. I,{., and weisgraber, K. H.: canine hyperlipoproteinemiaand a t h e r o s c l e r o si s. A m. J. P a th . 8 7 ( l) z ZO5- 2I9,1977. _ _Robinson,M.: Generalizedatherosclerosis in a dog. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. I7z 45-50, 1976. Thomas,ll/. A., and Kim, D. N.: Atherosclerosis as a hyperplastic and/or neoplastic process. Lab. Invest. 4g(7): 2L5-25I, Iggr. _ _Whitney,J. C.: Someaspects of the pathogenesisof canine arteriosclerosis. J. Case IV - 19144-36 (pFI,P an adurt female cynomolgus monkey (t"tacacafasciculari.s). ied while on intrauterine doxyeycline-study. GastifE-Enciffitlena1 ulceration and hemomhage were noted plus moderate to severe renal and hepatic fatty change. Contributorf s Diagnoses& Comment. sis, diffuse. Heart, myocardial ceroid-lipofuscinosis, diffuse. Heart, fibrosis, myocardial, moderate,multifocal. . The unusual, bright red, cytoplasmic granules were autofluorescent and very weakly acid-fast positive. Similar granules were found in nr.rne";.-ti.;*r'--' including-skeletal muscle, biliary-efiithelium, ductal cells of the salivary gland, pancreas.rhe-lisht microicopy or rhis caseis ?:::l?1^91?ld:_?nd ldentj'cal to the changesrecently describedin an-unusualcase of ceroid"ii"ntiiriv lipofuscinosis in a Cynoro]gug mbnkey(Jasty, Kowalski,€t if., fg8a). Themonkey in this report showedno crinical silns or iitness pri6r to-iairirice as a control .. drugsafety evaluation. The cause of death present of the monkeywasmost il, likely related to doxycycline toxicity. 1) Fibro.it,-interstitial, multifocal, moderate,myocardium, .,,^,,S-^-Qi39l-g:is.-.. uynomoJ-gus monl(eyr Macacafascicularis, primate-. intracytoplasmic, difTGr-m€d-ffit4-n-eurons, glia, 2) Eosinophilic granuies, -no ryJFio""r, brain and heart. ConferenceNole. _Eosinophilic granul-esin the myocardial fibers of this monkey areffi1ear,whichisthecommon1ocationofmyocardia11ipofuscin pigment' Similar granules are present in endothelial cells of somecerebral vessels. Neuronal granules are less eosinophilic than those in the heart and frequently have a yellow-green hue typical of lipofuscin pigment. The Department oF Histochemistry confirmed mild acib-fast staining ano aut6fluorescenceof the cytoplasmic granules. They reported that the pigm5nt has the usual properties of ceroid-lipofuscin pigments, but that the amountcresent jn rhis case wourdnot be consideredpathologic in an elderly human. In manand various domestic.animals,accumulationsof lipopigments may result from,an underlying gllyme deficiency and, in accumulating,ray olsrupt ceilular functions (Dowson,1982). Although-Jasty (1tea; nas CesJriOei seueral types cytoplasmic granules in the monkeyheart- and simil.t g".nrl-J.-in other tiisueiof or a monl(eyrnone of these has ever been associated with oiert disease. The markednuclear atypia of myocytes,and extensive present in this case' were not.considlred by participanLsinLerstitial fibrosis to be unusual findings in an older primate. The cause of such cnange6is not known. Contributor. Division of ComparativeMedicine, Sehool Johns H o p x f f i I t y , 7 2 a n u t i " n o A v e n u e , B a 1 t i m o r e , M a r y 1 a n d 2 7 2ofo 5Medicine, . Suggestedreadino. u o w s o n rJ . H .'-A rmstrQn g ,D ., Koppang,N. et a1.: Autofluor escence em is s i on spectra of neuronal ripopigment in animal and humanceroidoses (ceroid-lipofuscinoses).' Acta Neuropathor. ie: $z-tiZ-r-Ig*r: Hoover,P. 'M.,..Little, p: B:l a1!_c919rw. D.: Neuional ceroid-lipofuscj.nosis . pathol. in a-mature..dog. Vet. zlz 359_vel:iiaa. J a s t y ,V . , K o w a l ? kR i t . . L . , F o n s e c aE,. H . e t a r . : A nu n u s u acla s eo f generalized ceroid-lipofuscinoiis in a Cynomolgusmonkey. Vet. pathol. ZIz tt6-5o, 1984. J a s t y r V . , Ja mi so n ,J. R .,-a n d -Har tnagel,R. E.: Thr ee types of cytoplas m i c granules in cardiac muscle ceils of Cynom6lgus - monkeys(uicaca'rascicularis). --' Vet. Pathol. 2I: 505-5OB , Iggtt Nimnnlrtilkie' J. S.., and Hudson,E. B.: Neuronal-and generalized lipofuscinosis in a cocker spanier.' vet. pathor. rg : e%-Zif.r- paz. ceroidPritchard, D.,H., g l f Y , R . ^ D : , H o w e l l , L . J . e t a l . : C e r o i d _ l i p i d o s i s :A n storage-type idisease of liver and'hepatic fvmpnnoo..- Vet. pathol. 20: :9!ulTd 242-2tt4, 1983. D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D . Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary patholbgy Histories AFIP ltlednesdaySlide Conference - No. 26 L7 Aoril 1985 ve double-crested cormorants which ranged in age from S. Their diet eonsisted-of.unsupplemented whoLesnreLtlingestei by the adult and-regurgitated to the offspring). Thby were presented with deiormitiel of beaks and limbs. CaseII - PL550A PE 7A, P1558A(AFIP I9483I7 (1 kodaehromeslide. vrete on feed with a fungus.in.i-inr-i.v of age. !'rain contaminated sues AFIP 1947452). . -old female Alaskan mal.amutedog from a litter sqne pups in the litter died approximately one moitn later witn "-rrre ;a a;;t iiil-ffi-ffi;riu;. :i,*,.::-d*1Tl!i:--l p""y:Iii1i_t*I:l submitted puppy weished onrvir iui. I l:pi"'::"^l!!--"::9::"1:l_-R" wouldbe considerednormaL). | | re i!fiini;; agttBlt aJiI t(l cii-r""s'i6"ibr. Gross Patholoov finn with pebbly surface. @te, Multiple rib fractures. Bones soft, could be cut with a knife. Gross swelllno and distortion of ' facial borresand mandibre. Enlarsedparafnyroid-aGil;. Anemic. ffi Sodiunr ChLoride Calcium I48 nnpl./L l@r nrnol/L 8.8 mgldl Albumin SGOT SGPT. LDrf Z.e otAt 42 TIJ/L 26 IU/L 70 IU/L Protein 5.4 sTat case.,Tv- p8a-8 (AFIPl9alt?z). . rr5sue lrom a Phosphate l"l* Potassiun zuN Creatinine Cholesterol Alk. Phosphatase ZB.B rq/dI 6,2 rfuI/I 150 rgldl 5.1 frgldJ. ZIS nglal. 276 Iil/L hlBC IIr27Z/n1n3 Neut. 68?6 Eosino. 2% Lyrph. 26% Mono. 4% RBC Hct Hb MCV |,fCH MCHC Retic. 210701000 19.25 5.7 77.99uj 27.53 w.tg 29.6L% 6% 2 kodachromeslides) pig, which was ore of a ;t' :"8.?iJlThlii"ff"i[n fif^S:.ni""]lJ ":::ft, li: :i-.;#:'rli:S'*ll'.]iln :ffi:i,Tlll?l*"ln.r;^-I0",:ii.lil-:i_ii5,Ji"!'#;i## nlXi"nllll"fi * i$":,fi t':": u,rlly)r ano nousecton concrete ::i3;3;" fi , Ti:j::: froors. "t"::*":;i;l:!:i;sl'r$r"iJTfi There was a.+-weekhistorv;; weak, down, decreased ctecreased group feed-consumotionfeedconsumption, anrJ innr^oeco,{ -r^^.-:l11lt:-staggering, iio in""";;;";.;i"ffi$Tj:: DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoqv uepartnent of Veterinary pathol6gy Histories AFIP Wednesday Slide Conference- No. 27 1 May 1985 CaseT - 8a-l9g (AFIP 1956713). HrsEorv. Tissue from a wild groundhogof unknownage and sex. Case II - V84-24L or V84-375 (AFIP L945TI5 Yorkshire terrier dog. The clog F'r-esenEeowrEn a 2 z crn cm mass mass on the the dorsal dorsal surface surface of the the nose nose which-had which-had been oeen-iresent ires 5 months(v84-241). During-inii tirne td-oog-nao beentreated fol aogr-oximately intermittently with antibioties with nnlv miiinar er,^AA6Tur rarr\t-!-A! iiB,3itffi=i";:;;Til i::"fl::::l:Jr,,yilh^"llil:p::_!lIl:?"1tF;$fj-",e1J."'.'" 'i"!iEi tn"-"r,""i-ivea:;7#.'"";d$ftJJf ??s,::::"?:::_yi.:^:_:.ly:::.ylg"t_!f _3ii;-;F "d;:;il;i"o iH"if;I;lfiil. This has not yei been biopsj.ed. tlri a r-^^ --! . .^i - - 7grl a J'-year-ord male dcrnestic shorthair cat. .*:ty^:fp{g_F:ig!: This animal on the skin of the race, ears, 'iil' chin andbetween ':*'l3r:^".T"_i::i?l-d::f-*re severe over a;;ffi=;#il: -i;eru; ia'i.""*F"!!!;ti.i#;#rTltr: !ffi 3F:lH il;i"il;;:" i#":ffi.:'.:! 13*.T:';""1*jl'H^::::*:iit -:irii?F and*ti[ilii!!i ll:il*^t*:?!5g,-I!:1.1pl_ lith' svsretic-corlicosteroids n: i I lrar{e rxf ^t .^-!. .- t r therapy-iaJ-ilte',eted witho,ta,Jll!i:" fi# lli'ili3"iii.rrv euthanatized. :fifi33!!i?::gd MrP 1947834). two months. rom a ro-year-old spayed femare domestic shorthair cat. sores near the base of the tail had been p"eseni for about DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registryof Veterinarypatholoov Departmentof Veteriniry eatnoi6gy Histories AFIP WednesdaySlide Conference - No. 28 8 May 1985 Case I - 80650 AFIP 1910089), (2 kodachromeslides se mare with a history of progressive weight a AFIP 189458t bian fiLly was prcsented to teaching hospital of progressiveabdominal disteirsionino "".rtr"nt-;;lil"Er'i-tlv, F*ois;Paglo1?gh ^lp?:oli1'!:ll_1:-to20.titer: gl glolqy,redfruid conraining li!:ffi::LIF'"?gitilli-".uiIv.--^;i,>?;i},L^.,.}[;1;.il:iili ' mass waspresentin the ventral abdomen, in p."t-ti tni=iiif,i-fi#[ hnrn holn. "no-"it."hed case,TIT - 83-tt55B (AFIp LlALZS1). expe lercecl an 8fr rnrtality past seven days. 3 lodachrome slides was rrom a ,300 layers that had and a drop in egg production fiorn S8%'to 19%owi-tne Grosi Patholggg birds with for e x a @ e y e r i c i _ - n o w a_Depressed t t 1 e i _ * " " " . ' i 1 d 1 y t o s ecomb v e r elesions l y e d e mwere a t o uselected s.On someseveeely edematoui cornbsthere were areas' rn somebirds the scal.es of the multipie round rough brown ctepressed the tracheal mucosaweDe "ninx-6" y"Sffifil, or the esophasear-*rco." waspetecniitea. -ss y.rx"feri[onilis *as a 4-year-o1d-quarterhorse starlion with -asa 'L/z rnmth t-1. 3 ,,V) tV cowpie_Like ::lt3g-r:i:r_T.i$!_ lf r: . Feces . ""riiniE giliT":T"l3lu:r"t"y:yi:.1::^::l-::;g:f:"_*0,'.-'fi!iiii'"il$ rapid for 4 weLksprior to-Eutnanasiaano-n"."Jprv. ;:,":$:ftjif; DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoov Departmentof Veteriniry pathoi6ey Histories AFIP Wednesday Slide Conference- No. 29 15 May 1985 standardbred male'horse. This colt "l-year-old edema two weeks prior to presentation and was treated with Kanamyci-n.Ten days later it bbganbreebingfrJm venipuncturJ-sitesand from mouth. There were petechiaeon [he screra ino oral meinuranJi-nithb1;aing-i;; the the noseand mouth. II - 2988-84 (AFIP I945tI7). a L kodachrome slide Dlooc,ydianhea (frank blood) 12-hours prior to death. s foal presented with a Last year, a similar condition affected one foaL frorn tnii samefam. .e-gv. I sue rrom an aclult equine. Twotumors appeared the Fread of the the medial canthusof eacheye. rrre noilt--orrJonscratch these bled- Both tr.rnorsrrere rembvedsrrgicarlv ana sonitted for TV,- N-84-r4' (AFrP Le47se2). DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.D. Captain, VC, UST Registry of Veterinary patholow Departnentof Veteriniry F;il;ifoy Histories AFIP Wednesday S1ide Conferenee- No. j0 22 May I9B5 CaseI - H08id440(AFIPt945ld9). -o1d,intact,fema1e,Germanshorthairedpointer. old mar,eBernesemountaindog. This animl exniEiE;o-afimni.canorexia, t el.gnt-lois, st""Ii"orr_ respiration, conjurativitis with proninent chemoslsan6 triiipr" nooules distributect over tfre entire body, but especially-in nasal "ui"nJJrr -ino-iefa6sei. region, ;Glil;-and ----'' scroturn. The crinicar coursewas characterized.by remissions AFIP 1946'].8 female Hereford fetus. This aborted fitus -oi'iJ"l;#l';r il po1,gr, ::":lfi g;*r,ryltn' * :?::"_iLll' 1"{ "-b;;ioii..ffi ";';;.il"iiirbl'"iu "3"15 lnSl=' #3'#l 3:3:::il:iiJ"::i'*!i!;'i"Eiiiu'.:ffi;,T:ilf:"f": riff:i:'?JRffT.gr::T":';l t*J-ii'l*^:"r^*iii three aooilions'tF ffiJi:Hriffiii"ll#'"1if, ,o" past Hr":::=:ao few yeats. for the I:l.iil ":S r?^.1r*_?!!_"lt:_ Noabnormat ctinical signs were the animalts use in a chronic iiercii" ituoy. DAVIDL. FRTTZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholow Department of Veteriniry pathoi6gy Results AFIP tr/ednesday Slide Conference _ No. 27 1 May 1985 Conference l.bderator: Michael H. Goldschmidt, MSe., BVMS,MRCVS Diplomate ACVp Assistant professor of pathology Department of Veterinary pathoibgy Sehool of Veterinary tteiicine-University of pennsylvania Philadelphia, pA f-gfO+ Lt). Hi.gtory. Tfssrrtffi wild groundhogof unknownage and sex. This wild groLndnogwanderedclose to the homeof a veterinary student. The animal was suspectedof rabies, tl're animaL was killed. GrossPathology' The animal had a severe crusting dermatitis, aecorpaniedby alop@s of its body at necropsy. Chronicactive dermatitis due to Dermatophilus sp. inf. AFrPDiamosis'- Dermatitis,_plasmacytic, diffuse, rilg, with hyperkeratosis, paraffinosii,ino-ini"a-xerl[in6usderrnaioe[iris-1ikeorganisns, 3l*:iHj::"; nos,iodentiJtiorogy-:Iorilaibi;;iii-0.*efe;firr;'-' sround conferenc" I9!*.Due.to the.abrupt transition of haired to glabrousskin in many@ipanti-surmisedlnat-iuc[sectionsrepresenEarnjcocutaneous jr'nction' the biscusslon-"entereo tne inr*n" status oi-tnis animal, qr.restioning whetherderrnatophilosis-wasprimaryon or secondaryin this case. The infection in this case appeals stperficiai;-tne'ciis"icar-fiternate layering of nantrophirs and keratin, so often s?-elil pririrary dermatopniroii", ii-not'i"!".nt. Additionally, the presenceof. a-1ir! plaimacvtl"-fiiii#J;;'wiln occario"ir Russet].body cetls, in the papillary dermis, was-iuggestiveor an'immune-mediated disease. The skin of susceptible animals is infected by zoospores shed from animals hhich have been chronicaliy iniecteo. lrlotile zoospores migrate chenptacticalry to areas of the susceptible hbst's skin trom-wnicn.tn! i"ipiiiloiy efflux of co2 is highest - thin skinned areas. Zoopores to produce hypnae which peretrate the living epidermis and elicit an acuteierminate inflanmatory'response'which is probabry a responseto produets of celLular_damage. ilnn99 i.ater divide, first transversery, thm longituclinatlY'. produce.zoosp6ies ctSfiiei-*ni.t'riiiiitr !o to ar€asor tower c02concentration(ixin i;urface)wneie-inev of the host,s skin, or infect gthgr.hosts-bycontactor via "i"-i"riit-Jtii"i'1"".. mechanical arthropoct vectors (Scanlon,Garrett, Geiger, Igt4). There is nov evidence for a pathogenic role for Q, congolensis in tissues thanthe skin. simiLarorsanisms hav6beeno"ron"l"-T"ititi-fr.ritv-gil"Jr*r, other and lymphnodesof cats, tonsillar abscesies-inpigs, subcutaneous nodular disease in man, and lymph node and subcutaneousabscessesin various other species (Gibson, Thomas,Domjahn,19gr). Contributor.- Laboratoryof^Pathology, Schoolof Veterinary Medicine, univETTirv-6TEnnsvrvanii-,'3d0a philadelphia,pennsylvania apil;-3i"#; 1e104. lgggesteg. regdins. utDsonr J. A.r^Thomas,. J., and-Domjahn, R. L.: f, i;8lt*"s Subcutaneous and rynph node dueto Dermato6hilus congoreniisii . steer. vet. path. 2oz t2o;,-rz?, Lloyd, D' H', and Nobre, w.-c.-: Dermatophilus i n m i e e f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a c i o n o r - icongolensis i " t t i o n as . Ba rmoder . V e pathogen t . J . 138: .51-50, I9BZ. lbtnctani' E' , rnui, s., rshikawa, Y. et al. : Granulomatoussub-dermal lesions in sheep ino6ulaled wiin o6rmatr nobbrts,D.-.:;6:.,jl,l"Tgi'i?'!*.,;:,#7,]-.i;;4. Roberts, D. actinomyceteDerl:: Ilg hislopathoiogy-oi-eiioermarinfection with the .^_$il1;;;.ji,'"il^;u;:::;:;Jmil.:"ii::;olensis infectionsofcattieanosn6ep.c6mp.coni.-iiu..giil:tffii956 rr4eev.rt' rrDDus rrcrn a o-year-ord remale Yorkshire terrier dog. The doq presenteclwith a 2 cm masson the dorsal, surface of the nose whiii=n"o "o!"i-ir"""n. rvea-iari.--D,;;;;-iniiti'" fnJ-oJg hadbeen 6eateo f:1"*Il:l3?:.ly.i intermittentlv witnryl*: antioioiics_rit1'oniv-riXd;t-J;;;r;'.;;: Li3l,f,!"1.;:;:T" 'tumor' presented dog with a under the skin oi tn" chest (vg4:t75). Subsequ6ntry (1 monthtater), another simiLar-appearing g"or, resion has appearedon the trunk. This has not yet been biopsied. Contributorts Dia consi.stent w Corment. Panniculitigr pyogranulomatous, nodular, FilFi-o'iiu la r panni cur i i i i, Er i ni cau v i 16, subcutis of nose and chest. l{hile microbiologic cultures were not performed on the biopsj.ed tissues, speciar stains (PAS' Gffi, acid fast.no-g"!rj iailed to reveai-.ny agents. Nodular panniculitis is probab.lynot-a specific disease Jntitv,-ili-it*'"Il." ".urative . is not known. rt is characterized 6y tne oeieiopment of sterile subcutaneous granulomas(lobular panniculitis) or-pyogranuior."r_that may, on occasion undergo cystic necrosis and ulceration. tlost'Lpisodes develop first in ctogsless than 5 month.sof. age, but. it qray-al-sobe of aoutt onset. n breeo pr-oilection is seen for the dachshund- A benefitial repsonse to systemic grucocorti"oio" has been reported. rn addition to. ruring out the presence of infedti;G ;#;i", on" shourd consider rupus erythematosis and pbncreatitis in the diffeientiir oiag toii- ano also search for the presence of vasculitis before making the diagnosii of idiopathic nodular panniculitis. AFIP Diaonosis. York@aninel- Panniculitis, nodular, granulomatous,diffuse, severe, skin, 2 Conference Note. In most sections, scattered aggregates of neutrophils lead so{ne@favoramodifier6tpyogranu1omatousoVelgranu1omatous.^In somesections, focally-extensive edemaand-himorrhage is present in the superficial subcutis. The moderator did not think this case was typical of the cases of nodular panniculitis he has seen. The occurrence in this dog of several isolated nodules contrasts with the usuaL finding of large numbersof nodules which arise as a 'rcropfr. In other cases he has seen, the moderator noted a more characteristic pyogranulomatousresponse, with more eosinophils, and more macrophageswith granules of partial.J.y cataboLized lipids. This is most readily evident, in his experience, in thin (1 micron) sectj.ons. Someparticipants did, however, note aleas of obvious fat necrosis with what appeared to be macrophagesand occasional giant cells reacting to that process. The differential diagnosis included infection by Sporotrichum, atyoical mycobacieria, and fungi. Although special stains oonE-aFi6?T['p weie equivocal (as were the contributors), the moderator stressed that neither Sporotrichun nor atypical mycobacteria is easily demonstrated by routine special EEaTilfis irportant wfen c.ulturing such lesions to cultuie from an bxcision biopsy, as-ine material which drains from the nodules is invariably contaminated. Baker and Stannard (1975) divide canine nodular panniculitis into 2 forms: one forrn occurs in young dogs, is steroid-responsive, and regresses. The ou-rer form occurs in older doggr_is-also steroid responsive'but recirs whensteroiJ inerapy is reduced. AcJ<erman (I98/t) adds three more forms to include-ana a form associated with lupus.erytherytosus,. a form associated with pancreaiitii, a third form associ.ated with erythema nodosumwhich is rare. Contributor. Penn5ffifrii-f5632. EttrshyRun ResearchCenter, RD lt|, Mellon Road, Export, Suggesteclreadino. ^.^@anj'nenodu1arpannieu1itis.Comp.Cont.Educ.6(9): 81H24, lgg4. A. A-: Nodurarpannicuritis in the dog. J. Am. $ker'-8. B.'-ll9^:ta!!?r9r Vet. l,bd. Assoc. 167(g)z 7F2-7b5, 1975. , Fdgq"r T-. P., ?nq Furrow, R. D.: Idiopathic nodular panniculitis in a Gerrnan shepherd. J. AT. Anir. nosp. Assoc. ZO: eOte06, l_9g4. lvbreau,P. M., Fisker.R. A.r_Lees, G. E. et il.: Disseninatednecrotizing pannicuJ.itis and pancreatic nodular nvperpiisii in a dog. J. Am. Vet. !ted. Assoc. 180(4) z 422-425, Ls8Z. l'fuller, G- H.r_Kirk, R. rt|., and_scottr_D.V,r.: Animal Dermatorogylnr{. B. SaundersConpany,philadelphia, I9gt, pp.'ZOi_iff. Lott-stoll'.9.''and P.: Generalized nodurar dermatofibrosis . Ptglr f:r litbr in six Alsations. Vet. path.'2Oz6j2_e3+r'I98;. 7 Case III - VW4ZO6) Rffp IgttTBtI). Id male domestic shorthair cat. This animaL , - oevelopedcrusty weepinglesions on the skin of the face, ears, chin and o"t*e.n the toes. The lesion becamemore severe over a l-rnonth p""ioo. The toes became swollen and a greenish-white creamymaterial eould ne exire-ieo from smre of tfre nail beds. Tha claws eventuailv sioJgn;-ilo; the front paws. No response was noted to prolonged,therapy with- systeilie coriicosteroids tno antiuiotics. cyclophosphamidetherapy was attempteJ-witnori ,r"."... The cat was finally euthanatized. Gross Patholggy. A crusty thickening of the skin the eyes, o v e r f f i * i i p e J t o f t h i n " i o , a r o u n d t h e m o u t h ' o V e r t h e was n o sevident e , a n d o around n the ears' The skin around the anus and eovering the scrotum'wasroughenedand hyperemic. There was crusty thickenilg;'tn" ixin between the toes and the toes were swollen' A caseous gn6en-ye11owixudaie-couro be expressed frqn the third phalynx of manyof the to6s. N6 signiii""ni-internal lesions were found. Laboratory Results. r/ FeLv test negative 2 monthsprior to euthanasia. 2) E' cori andFroteus!!"++$' tr"""-irJiated from a toe 2 monthsprior to necropsy.Jy-eastnrtro.o@j-*ii-i'orateo-irom-Iieexuoateexpressed from a toe at tne tifr6-6ffi6Fopsy. r oContributor r r . i l ? " - :pemphigus :ilil],ii*"H..il3::i:i:.:li". Specific disease: foLiaceus. The distribution of thb rEsions-ii.".-i"""r. ea,rs,pawsand anus) is typical of perphigus foLiaceus. Vessicre formati;'in-ilth and the presenceof acantholytic eelli *itnin-tne the epidermis and hair follicres vesiltir-.""-typical histoJ.ogic features of pemphigus foliaa"ul. h6;;k;ratosii,-i""ntnoii., acantholysis, . Ih" inflammatoryceJ'l Infiltratis-ino focal b"o.ion are considerednonspecific changes. AFrPDiaonosis. Pustules, m o o e f f i n 9 r y p i s - - i o ' i n i ' . 1 . o ; I.subcorneal, 1 ; _ s u b a c u epidermal t e o e r m i t iand t i s , follicglar, s k i n a n d multifocal, footpad (per contrioutoi), domestic-inorinai"-]'r"rin". conferera" Histologig-Sections vary in that somesubcornealpustules Bla are intaffiriab].eni'o"""ofneutroinir"andacantho1yticce].1swhile others have ruptured and are empty. Acanthoilsis, Jno ;;;;-;;;"sional pustules, are present in manyhair follicres. The differential diagnrosisfor the presenceof subcornealepidermalpustules folia6eous and pemphigus erygrrematosis,subcornealpustular 'su6eornEfu iry-rupes.pemphigus dermatosis, and.inpetigo contagiosa. p"iiJrJi'oJ"r"tosis doesnot involve hair follig+"tl a featire seenin this case, and afflicted animalsare usually very prurili.;-pruritis wasnot noted in this cat. rrpetigo is indistirguishable.histologically from subcotnearpuiturir-oeillrtosis and doesnot involve hair follicles5taphlococci and streptococci are often not seen within ^ tlrc lesj'on. Pemphigusfoliaceus-and erythematbsis are indistinguishable except that the latter i.s usually restricted to tne heao, unlike the lesions in this case. . Scott, and co-workers (1990) reported the presence of -lrueirer, subcorneal pustules in two cats (and one dog) witn systemic rlpus-ervthematosus. Kirk and scott (198t) further state-in sorne6inin" ano-ierinl-cases of pemphigusforiaceous, deposition of immunoglobulin in the basementmembranezone is accompaniedby a positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA); this has promptedsomeworkers to contemplate the existence of a crossover syndromebetween pemphigusand lupus erythematosus. The unresponsi.venessof this cat to immunosuppressioncaused someparticipants to question a diagnosis of pemphigus. However, hi.storicalJ-y feline pemphigus foliaceus and erythematosus are characterized by refractoriness to routine doses of corticosteroids (t'lanninget aI., 1982). Involvenent of the nail beds, as in this case, is more characteristic of pemphigusvulgaris. The Department of Dermatopathologyconeurred with a diagnosis of penphigus foliaceous and offered a differential diagnrosis of subcorneal pustular clermatosis and irpetigo contagiosa. Contributor.- NewMexico Veterinary Diagnostic Services, 700 Caminode Sa1ud, NE, @ NewtGxico 87106. Suooestedreadino. Ackerman,L. J.: canine and feline pemphigusand pemphigoid. part l. Pernphignls.Corp. Cont. Educ. 7(Z): B9-9h, 19g5. . .caciolo, l. L.,_Nesbitt, G. H., and Hurvitz, A. r.: pemphigusfoliaceus in eight cats and results of induction therapy using azathioprine.- J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 2Oz 57L-57/, L984. - _ - M a r n i r t g T. , 0 ., S co tt, D . yy., Sm ith, C. A. et a1.: Pemphigusdiseases in the feline: Sevencase reports and discussi6n. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. IBz 477-M3, L982. hl. B. _ ltlullel, G. H., Kirk, R. l{., and Scott, D. W.: Animal DerrnatoJ.ogy, SaundersCo., I983r FF. Mg-46V. scottr. D:-w., l{olfer..M. J., and Lewis, R. M.: Tfre conparative pathology of non-viral bullous skin diseasei in donestic animals. Vet. Path. L7z 257-25i, lSeO. CaseIV _ A8/r_75(AFIP L947at4). year-old spayed femaLedonrestic shorthair cat. sores near the base of the tail had been present for about Physical findings incruded 2 firm ulcerated sxin lbiions of the tail, pitting edemaof the rear^legs, and a finn, fibrous band near the base leading to the ventral abdominal wall which restricted rear limb movement. contributorrs Diagnosis & comment.- Malignant basal cell tunor with vascular inva triJi""iiginated from the skin at the base of the tail. The fibroui tissue palpated in the ventraL abdominal wall was due to desmoplasia acconpanying lygphatib mbtastaies. There ,e"e *etistases to regional lymph nodes, lungs, bnO-sXlfbtaL muscle. Basalcell tunors are generallyconsideredto. be g benignneoplasms.However, of 81 basal cell turnorsin-cats sebn at AMAH had histotoglc i""tu"es indicative of malignancy. Features indicative of malign"n.y-incluoeJ it"orir invasjon.(8), desmoplasia(8), foci of nE""oiLr-ieil-rit"ii|"ino"* and capsular per.HFF-(8), - vascuLarinvasion 1t+) ano meiiit".ii'ir.' ;-;6;o;;r-;;; of 2 or qreater r iri. "oF'tn" 81 basaLcell tr-rmots,2296were cysfic, 40%w"re urcerated, and 50%were pigrnented. Noneof the 8 marignanttumorswlre pigmentedor cystic. Carcinorna,with basaloid and hair follicle _,.,_4fP**qS*L (per skin, tail base contributor), domestic shorthair, feline. differentiation, conference Nqte. All participants agreed that this is a malignant N e s t f f i o p r a s [ i c _ c e 1 1 s n a v e ' i n v i d e d t h e s u b c u t i s w h e r e t | r e r e i s a I s o a neoplasm. severe sclerosing-reaction and convineing evidence of vascular (veint inozo" lymphatics) invaiion. Discussion theref6re centered on the histogenesis of the neoplasm. Due to the formation of trabeculaJ-anOpackets of by relati'veLv avascular stroma, manyparticipants felt that bland cells delineated Merkel.cell (trabecular)-carcinoma shoulo-6e in'ti'le difierential diagnosis. other participanrs noted populations of pale cells with abundani cytoplasm, sometimes aligned on connective tissue.elements, and others associateo ivitn ha$ i;liicr"i,=Jo iavoreo a follicular origin for th6 neopl"", ip"rii"uiarfy tricholemmoma). In sore histologic-sections, cords of neoprasiic cJirs-ar6 emigrating-from the basal. epiderrnis into the dermis; this. rinoing, with th5-prominant packeting of ii."E cells, lead other particiiants to agre6'ri[n ihe contrioirtoris diganosis of malignrant basal cell tumoi. contributor. eost6iffiili[settI Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, t50 s. Hr.rntingtonAvenue, ozuo. Sy"q.steg ulEerst R' "e"di"g. w: r !3r:!r f. M.: Feline basal cell turnors: A review of LZtt cases. Vet. path. :?d ZI: 5I_56', L994. bldschmidt' M. H.: gas6r- and squamous-ceLlneoplasms of dogs and cats. Am. J. Dermatopath.' 6(2) :- tgg-loZ] tgaa. Reynoldsi H. A.: ----Ftyr,D'-W..r.and management The incidence, characteristics and cLinical of skin turnorsof cats. J. Am.A;fi. Hosi. nssoc.-rz, roz&ilot4 l9gl. ,"r*S:ilol;.';r1;r:to.)t Tr.mors in oomeiticln:.mari, u"iv.-oic.urorniaF"..r, DAVIDL. FRITZ.V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary patholoqy Department of Veteriniry pathoi6gy Results AFIP Wednesday Slide Conference - N o . 2 8 8 Mav 1985 Conference Moderator: Helen M. Acland, B.V.Sc. Diplornate ACVP Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania New BoIton Center Kennett Square, PA 19348 Case I 0650 (AFIP 191-0089). (2 kodaehrome slides) Histgry. quarter horse mare with Tissue from a l9-year-old progressive weight loss and uLcerative coronitis. a history of There was ulceration of the coronary band on all feet. There was diffuse ulcerative colitis and typhilitis. There rilere several 1-3 cm firm nodules in the pancreas. There was patchy fibrosis noEed grossly in the liver. There were a few granuloma in the liver. Laboratorv Results. There was no eosinophilia, and the serum protein profile was nor:maI. There ltas a noderate increase in serum aLkaline phosphatase. Contribgtor'g Diagnosis & Co'n'uent. Chronic fibrosing pancreatitis with g r a n a , a n d e o s i n o p h i t I n i i 1 t r a t i o n . P r e s u u p t i v e jtrongvl.us equinue migration. This pancreatic lesion nas an incidental finding at necropsy. Although S. equinus frequently migrates to the pancreas the agent induces a minimal lesion. The extensive involvement of the pancreas seen grossly was unusual. Histologically the features normal.Ly associated with parasite migration (fibrosis, eosinoptrils, granulomas and parenchymal loss) were noted, and in addition lhere rlas a tremendous hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts. This horse also had a diffuse ulcerative colitis and typhlitis with a heavy infiltrate of eosinophil.s in the submucosa. In areas, there rdas an exudate of eosinophils on the ulcerated mucosaL surface. There rras e heavy mixed mononuclear ceLl infiltrate around mucosal vesseLs of the large bowel. There was bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis with parasitic granuloma for-mation in the liver. The composite of lesions is similar to that described as chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis in horses. Our case certainly supports the hypottresis that such generalized lesions are manifestations of a hypersensitivity t; parasitic antigens. AFrP Piagnos*s. Parrcreatitis, eosinophilic and fibrosing, focally extensive, severe, with eoeinophilic granulonas, pancreas, quarter horse, equine; etiology-- compatible with Strongvlus equinus migration. In addition lo changes noted in the morphologic diagnosis' conference Note. and ducts surrounded by infla'r*ation ectatic interlobular many sectioos cJiEfned or hyperplastic is epithelium the There was discussion as to whether fibrosis. The moderator comented that, in whether the apparent tryperplasia is artifactual. juncture with the duodenum, the its to sections of pancreatic duct adjacent misinterpreted' easily thus is and complex morphology oi tt" duct is as Pancreas identified In the gross photographs, one tissue can be tentatively at the apex. The large white nodules due to the presence of some lobulation In the colon, numerous and inflamation. represent periducEular fibrosis of much of the remaining are present and the greenish discoloration uLceratiotl mucose suggests the presence of granulocytes. from resulting This cage is considered to be typical of chronic pancreatitis and cavity the abdorninal through parasite migrates also This S. equinus migration. often remains and is subclinical pancreatitis horse usually in the Tlvffironic replacement of the isl.ets of Langerhans. Unlike other there is fibrotic so until species, pancreatic exocrine secreEions of the horse are not thought to be highly but may be important in providing a rnedium for ion exchange important in digestion, (l{orris, The various skin disorders often 1983). in the terminal ileun (and other forms of GI disease) ' are pancreatitis accompanying equine chronic thought to result from a defect in essential fatty acid absorption (Rooney, 1985). in a and ulcerative colitis This case of chronic eosinophilic pancreatitis ( 1 9 8 5 ) . horse nas recently reported by Breider, Kiely, and Edwards Contributor. ueaiiliEl-doiTEe Department of Veterinary Pathology, CoLLege of Veterinary Station, Texas 77843. Suggested reading. J. &n. Vet. Med. in a horse. Bakerl R. H.: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis Assoc. L72(3)z 268-270, L978. Chronic eosinophilic Breider, !1. A., Kiely, R. G., and Edwards, J. F.: pancreatitis J. An. VeE. l.led. Assoc. 186(8): coLitis in a horse. and ulcerative 809-811,1985. and pancreatic Bulgin, M. S., and Anderson, B. C. : Verminous arteritis necrosis with diabetes mellitus in a pony. Comp. ConE. Educ. 5(9): S482-S485, 1983. Morris, D. D.: In Current Therapy in Equine l'ledicine, Chronic pancreatitis. W. B. Saunders Co., 1983, pp. 253'254 Rooney, J. R.: Autopsy of the Horse, Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1970, pp. 69-70. LecLure on Equine Pathology, Charles L. Davis Course in Gross Rooney, J. R.: Morbid Anatony of the Diseases of Animals, Bethesda, Maryland, April 1985. - 4265-83 (AFIP 1894683). a b i a n f i l l Y w a s presented to teaching hosPital witb history of progressive. abdominal distension and recurrent colic of 3 daYs Case II duration. severe. Diarrhea was observed intermittently. Ttre fi1ly was euthanatized. Colic became proEracted and of cloudy' red fluid eontaining 20.liters &9ro111ate1y 15 to gross parhologv. A 32x27x27 cm' 7 kg' tan-yellow cavity. end of the rags was presenr in the .iJfuir,"r fibrin to the distal rt was abdomen' ;.;";t; "tt"tnta ress nas present cvsts were observed "."aitr Fluid filled The mass was multilobulatel' -iti-aty palpated in right urerine horn. was ,oaleriat eut surfaces. on the surface as weLL as on the involving the ovarian ligament' There was 3600 volvulus of the mass some areas. mesovarium and broad ligament' LaboratorvResults.ClinicalpathologyathosPitaladmission: HematologY: L6.2 gldL Hemoglobin 427" PCV 13.84 x 1g67sgn3 RBC 25. I x 1937pp3 I{Bc 26:Z 19,076/un3 seg. 6',024/w3 it z Lynph Adequate Platelets 5.1 g/dl Plasma Protein 600 rng/dl Fibrinogen ChemisEry: BI'N Total Protein Albumin totaL Bilirubin, ALk. Phos. Gama GT SGOT Sodium Potassitrm Chloride Calcium Phosphorous l,lagneeium 19.6 rngld1 3.6 eldL L.07 gldL 3.2 mg/dL 140 ru/L 1l_.0ru/L 105 IU/L 138 l,leq/L 3.64 rieq/L LO8 Meq/L 9.5 ng/dL 5.85 rng/d1 1.3 rng/dL Abdo'rninal Fluid: PCV PLasma protein Cytology Red, cloudy PH6 Spec. gravity Tot. prot. Cell count DifferentiaL A few bacteria 2.25"4 2'6 elat 1.020 2 . 7 g l d L^ 1.0 x 10r Set 247" Lyroph 12% llononuclear 647 (bacilli) HistoPathologY: Ovarian neoPlasm: Ln some areas appearance are Present. Masses of cltts with epithelial cells and cyst formation are observed. The epithelial-like roseLte, follicuLar thus cytoplasm basophilic have round nuclei wiLh varying amounts of slightly Anorphous, basophilic material Probably rePresenting resembling granulosa celLs. The neoplastic granulosa,cells mucin is present wiEhin the fo11icles and cysts. are suppott"a Uy stroma composed of prominent plumb spindle shaped cells with foany Connective tissue and vessels are intermixed. cytopllsn resembling theca celts. Contrib,tlort s Diagnosis & Co re Granulosa theca eell tumor, right ovaryt nrauffi- The noiphology. of this ovarian tumor is more consistent with granulosa theca granules were observed in a smaLl- number of Slaii(, intracytoplasmic cell tumor. fixed osmium tetroxide the theca-1ike cells of this neoplasm when post fortalin, and steroids. drqplets sections were examined. Theca cells do contain fat They Granulosa cell tumors are the most common ovarian tunor in the adult equine. the in reported been not are uncormon in young animals and human beings and have Publication of this case is in Process. young eguine. Ttrese gunors have the capacity to form hormonally active steroids; metastasis No evidence for hormonal effects or metastasis were Present in this is reported. and It was thought that the 360o volvulus resulted in the severe aseitis case. colic. Granulosa ceJ-l tumor, juvenile AFIP Diagnosis. Arabian, equine. contributor), tyPe, right ovary (per This neoplasm has several features which suPPort the Conference Note. aiagffigranu1osace11tumorinc1udingthenuILipIe1obu]'esof with mucinous material and lined by which are filled follicl.es variably-sized granulosa cells supported by stroma containing a protninent population of theca cel1s. cystadenomas lack the theca cell component and are generally Differentially, They are uncoffilon in young animals. unlike this case. cystic and papill"ry, granulosa cell tumors are In ovarian tuu6rs of the human female, juvenile from the adult type by their more cystic appearance and by the differentiated The adult type prominent population of thecal ceLls, many of which are luteinized. growing and not Particularly rnalignant but is usually slow is always potentially Althougir a srall,er percentage of juvenile tumors.are nalignant (52)' .ggt""ri.r.. the6e are much more aggressive than the adult type (Fox' 1985). School of Veterinary Contributor. Oregon 9733L. Corvallis, l"lediciae, Oregeon State University, Suseested r9@. ffir',G.M.,andBowen,J.M.:Granu1osathecace11tumorina Cohp. Cont. Educ. 5(3): 5141-5144, 1983. Eare. J. Pathol. L45z 127-L48, L985. Fox, It.: Sex cord-stromal. tumours of the ovary. The estrous cycle and I{ughes, J. P., Stabenfeldt, G. H., and Kennedy, P. C.: in the mare. Vet. Clinics pathoLo9ic abnormalities ovarian and selected funcEional l-980. 225-239 No. Amer. 2Q): ' Moulton, J. E. (Ed.): Tumors in Domestic Animals, Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley' L978, pp. 331-336. kodachrorne q!!lgg) c-niEtorv. ase III - e3-1f558 (SIP 19a125 o f 2 1 , 3 0 0 Layers that had This 9O-week-old bird was f t o t a - 1 o c k 19% over the in egg Production from 582 to expeEnced an 8Z mortalitY and a droP past seven daYs. G r o s s P a t h o l o g y . D e p r e s s e d b i r d s w i t h c o m b ] ' e s i o n s w e r e s e l e cedematous' tedfor on to sevelely Gombs, eyelids and wattles ltele nildly examination. rlund rough brown depressed nuLtiple some severeLy ed-naio.rs cotb" tieie-tere Or the tracheal' mucosa were In some birds the scales of the shank areas. was Egg yolk peritonitis htas Petechiated' hyperemic, or the esophagear tt"o". frequent. the The standard technique was used for determining Laboratory ResulEs. ry;;-;;"inocu1ationofchickembryos,.te€tingof :iffi[:"':"1$iTliiu"ll]"i.i.ger,,rinating A internal type "".i"iry, e*aminaril"or chorio- antigen by an agar gel of all.antoic membranes for the pt.i!o"" in bLood, brain' eorob' heart' Influenza .rit,rs was identified teEt. precipitin Eurbinates and liver of this trachea, kidney, Iung, pancre€ra, proventriculus, Veterinary Services The isolate nas subtyped as I15N2 by the National bird. Laboratory. ocal coalescing C o n t r i b u t o r r s D i ? g + o s e s . * . C . g g e n q :- - 1 ) S e v e r e ' a c u t e ' m u l t i f necrotizingpancffiffuse,granu1oma!ousperitonitis. 2) Egg volk L) Avian influenza virus infection' st1orogii Di;;;;;;: peritonitis. of highly Pathogenie avian influenza This flock was involved in the epornitic that occurred in Pennsylvania in 1983-84. The Lesions most virus infection necrotizing subacute myocarditis, frequently seen were nonsuPPurative encephal'itis, birds fron belween varied pancreatitis The myositis. pancreatitis ana necrotizini was affected pancreases, the infl'amation Ln niiafy very nild to aevere. the more In the islets. from distant rnost areas and in the exocrine multifocal the only that so had coalesced lesions focaL severely affected pancreasee the case in the is Such spared. were tissue islets and a surrounding zone of exocrine sections. in some not or Present the tissue submitted, aithough islets are rare globule or Acinar cell.s are replaced by vacuoles containing an eosinophilic of heBerophils SmalL numbers debris. gr"ol1es and chromatin eosinophiii" irregular there are islets parenchyna. In some ana rnita edema are present in Ehe affected incLusions. intranuclear pale eosinophiLie single or multiple 'AFIP aeute to subacute, multifocal necrotizing, Diagnoses. 1) Pancreatitis, chicken, avian; etiology-severe, pancreas, breed unspecified, ana 6EgE granulomatous' (avian 2) Peritonitis, influenza). compatible with orthomyxovirus with a diffuse, moderate, pancrestic mesenteric attachment; etiology--compatible peritoneal cavity. reaction to free yoke material in the ' structures noted intranuclear In some sections, participants Conference Note. tt'ouffiionbodieswithince11sofis1etsofLangerhans.However,the moderator, who contributed this case, said that not all sections contain islets, In a paper recently thus, inclusion bodies are not present in many sections. published by the moderator (Acland, Silverman, Bachin, and Eckroade, 1984), it is occurs in Ehe nuclei of chick noted that irmunospecific staining consistently I{hile inclusion bodies are not embryo celLs infected with the infLuenza virus. :ypical of influenza viraL infection of any speeies, perhaps their presence in Ehis case reflects i n t h e n u c l e u s a s i s s o m e L i m e ss e e n i n sequestration of viral'protein canine distemper virus infection. Present in the kodachrome for the gross lesions diagnosis The differential d i sease, although particiPents Newcastle's viscerotropic stides included velogenic Participants t hat disease' i n if ever seen was rarely thought that pancr".iiti" histologic t h e f o r d i a g n o s i s that there was no gooa differential furEher thought a v i a n influenza' o n l i t e r a t u r e In some of the ol-der in this case. preseat lesions finding' is not a constant however, Pancreatitis and fibrosis degeneration areas of acinar more chronic In some sections, s u P e r i mposed on an a r e i n f l u e n z a a v i a n of suggest that the more acute lesions condition. unreLated chronic Laboratories of Large Animal Pathology and Poultry Pathology' contributor. 19348' of Pennsylania, New BolEon CenEer, KenneEt Square, Pennsulvania University Suggested readi+Ft Bachin, L. A., ao9 Eckroade, R. J.: Lesions in AcLand, ti. Ulffifverman avian influenza broiler and layer chickens in an outbreak of highly pathogenic Vet. Path. 2Lz 564'569, 1984' virus infection. of fowl plague Beaudette, F. R., Iludson, c. 8., and Saxe, A. H.: An outbreak 1 9 3 4 . i n N e wJ e r s e y i n 1 9 2 9 . J . A g r i c u l . R e s . 4 9 ( 1 ) | 8 3 ' 9 2 , in Eckroade, R. J., silverman, L. A., and Acland, H. l'1.: Avian influenza F e b ' 1 9 8 4' D a v i s , Pennsylvania. 33rd West. Poultry Dis. Conf., Univ. Calif', i n f e c t i on in Narayan, O., Lang, G., and Rtuse, B. T.: A new influenza A virus turkeys. Archiv Virusforschung 26: 166-182, 1959' F o w Lp e s t . J . A m . V e t . I l e d . A s s o c . Z L z 3 - L 2 , 1 9 2 6 . Stubbsl E. L.: U y s , C . J . , a n d B e c k e r , W . B . : J . C o m p .P a t h ' 7 7 2 L 6 7 - L 7 2 , 1 9 6 7 ' case rv - N83--852 (AFIP 1902492). with a 5-L/2 roonth old quarter horse stallion as cowpie-like Feces remained loss' and progressive weight i,ist6friE'iarrhea prior to euthanasia 4 weeks for raPid !{eight loss was especiatly despite therapy. corticosteroids. and lve:mectins with The horse was trealed and necropsy. The glandul-ar portion of the gastric wall was dif fuseJ-y Gros.s pathoLogv. tni.@ea1,edematous,whitetissueandhyperp1asiaofthemucosa on1.y by linear fissures and small which fornei fir:m nodular rnasses interrupted The pylorus nas very distended, i'r"nobile and firm with areas of ulceration. The duodenum and to a lesser extent the upper jejunum similar waLl thickening. of the walls cireumferentially rhickening and rigidity were dllated and finn iittr areas was multifocally these of and edema. The mucosa by submueosaL fibrosis a yellow diphtheritic with covered and ulcerated tryperpl.astic and nodular or but otherwise no:mal' fluid consistency of was content menbrane. The intestinal areas of uucosal small few a with edematous diffusely were walls colon The large jejunun and lower The in the large colon and cecum. and nodularity ttrictenlng moderately was The small colon wall ileum were flaccid but otherwise normal. thickened and focally ulcerated. lynph nodes were enlarged and edemaLous' IntestinaL parasitism was Present. No gross evidence of gastrointestinal ffi,"llii'l.l,ffi::}:::;":*3:::'':r;:::';"::"::F1,..'.. and hypoProte:.nem:.a glucose tolerance, xyl0se absorption function tests stoweJ al"r"""La the rnrestinal of hyperpLasia Bone marrow aspirates showed starch absorption tests. were rePeatedly cultures Nunlrous fecal ,"t1""' and basophili" eosinophilic other pathogenic and sPP" $rong"le nodest negative for Salmonglla -A "?l:-lll colon and mesenteric lynph tffiGa-enlarged Laparotomy In wall' microorganisms. and noderate edema of the colonic distended colonic serosal lyrnphatics in the region of rhe pylorus' pifi"Ui. a firn-narr-r", addition, and active' ulcerative gnETiqurl'r' s DiaFnogig.&..99l9n9g!;-^:l:?*"' and mucosal submucosal wiEGlrnophiric-gr.i.tr*", gastroenteritis eosinophiric body intimal and vascular arteriosclerosis glandular hyperplasia, fibrosis, f ormations. and proctitis' typhilitis diagnoses incLuded lyrnphocytic col-itis, Addirionil intra-abdominal and UasoplifL" series hyperplasia, bone marrow eosinophilic of the Pastern regions' ulcerativl'derrnatitis l5rnphadenopathy-and iocal hyperplastic or persistent o"t"o*tt but Lesions are suggestive of a 1,he etiologi'i" to parasites' or reaction to some-ieed related antigen hypersensitivity inrermittent and duodenum the of approximateLy the niddle The slide submitted is takei-from pylorus' slomach' changes a! seen in the of the histopathologitis represenrari;; jejunum, col'on and cecum' Ttre aecuuulAtions the uPPer in duodenum and multifoeally cells' and epitheLioid of eosinophils surrounded by giant- ce11s, uacrophages variety of a in ,,eosinopt described have been iii"-gi"i"ro.""" referred to here as other some in seen also but are conditions in horses, et-., ;;;;;iii. of dogs in as such "eosinophiLic granulorna' of the lip conditions imuneaediated propria tO lamina the from varies The location of these granulomas and cats. to structures oEher or larvae contain not to submucosal and do irrtra-gtandular suggest Eheir etiologY. feature of this case is the large numbets of Russell' bodies Another pronineni It is presumed that the extensive again of unknown signficance. in plaena cells, of chronic edema' a result is and gaeiric waLL fibrosis intestinal pathogenesis' The paEhofoiic features of this case suggest an irmuneqediated feed allergen to a reaction possibly involvlng an on-going type I hypersensitivity the in eosinophiLs and ftre targe numbers of mast celLs ot p"r.lit"". and basophil"ic hyperplasia tissues, and bone marrow eosinophilic g""lioittestinal The vascular lesions are pathogenesis. would also eorrel.ate wittr ttris suggested tissues' in the probab!.y from released vaso-active amines locally lesions have been seen in horses Two other si.uilar cases with sornewhat sinilar to those The Lesions are sinilar in the Last Ehree years in our laboratory. described by Dr. A. Pass and J. R. Bolton as referenced below and to our knowledge literature. is the only report of this condition in the veterinary and conrnents on our would weLcome any further contributions The contributor pathogenesis. and etiologies suggested chronic, diffuse, granulomatous, eosinophilic, Enteritis, AFIP Diagnosis. granulomas, submucose, small and mucose -odeiEte to eevere, with eosinophilic guarler horse, equine. intestine, Note. Conference Ilistologic changes Present in this case suggest .o"iffi";-;;i;""inthelr"oa"ofthedeepsubmucosa(Brunner's g9gltrvytlr!5v 65s - . . t - - - - that ^ E J EosinophiLs may aggregate lrlthin these glands' and Ot .::1::::-::^t:::t glands). Macrophages are enzymes, destroy the epithelium lining the glands' f,roreolytic fom occasionaL gland and Ehe where they surround drawn to these "r""" giant cells through syneytiation' nultinucleated Focal erosions of the mucosa are Present, but none of Ehese is seen to breech in many of the sections are some villi rhe muscularis mucosa. Additionally, atrophied. Pathology agrees that eosinophilic The Departgent of Gastrointestinal They note that, although there is a granulonas appear to involve Brunner's glands. granulomas or gasEroenteritis in humans, eosinophilic fom of eosinophilic abscesses are not a feature of the disease in man. of horses has been described in Australia as a Chronie eosinophilic enteritis distinct syndrome. In a report of four equine cases, and a discussion of sinilar conditions in other species, Pass and Bolton (1982) suggest that eosinophilic reaction within the gastroenteritis in the dog and in man is not a simple allergic of the removaL by the be reversed process cannot gut. This is because the i s a t h e c o n d i t i o n t h e y b e l i e v e , Instead, suspected offending foods. by certain is exacerbated that cause initial pro"""" of unknown seli-perpetuaEing one in to the be sirnilar may Ttre conaition in the horse, they beLieve, foods. has which antigen unkno\tn process an against man. The lesions suggesE an ongoing gut. the been either ingested or secreted into The same authors, with MiLls (1934) described a case of basophilic in a horee; that condition shares many similar features with che enterocolitis for:n. eosinophilic Department of Veterinary Contributor. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Suggested reading. P a t h o l o g y o f Domestic Aninals, P. c.; and Palmer, N.: ffiedy, 7 5 7 7 . 1 9 8 5 , P r e s s , 3rd Ed.1 Vol. 2, Academic PP. J. Comp. Path. 94: Pathology of equine granulomatous enteritis. Lindberg, R.: 233-247, 1984. pass, D. A., and Bolton, J. R.: in the Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis Vet. Path. L9: 486-496' T982. horse. in a Basophilic enterocolitis Pass, D. A., Bolton, J. R., and Mills, J. N.: horse. Vet. Peth. 2L: 362-364, 1984. in the dog: A case Eosinophilic enteritis Quigley, P. J., and Henry, K.: P a t h. 91: 387-392,1981. C o m p . J . t h e l i t e r a t u r e . o f b r i e f r e v i e w report tnittr a DAVrD L. FRTTZ, V.!l.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of veterinary Pathology Department of VeEerinary Pathology AFIP Conf erence l'loderator : Results 'vJednesdaySlide Conference - No' 2 9 15 l aY 1985 Diane E. Gunson, PhD, BVSc, MRCVS Diplomate ACVP Box 94, RR tf 1 Road Perryrille PittsEown, NJ 08867 c a s e I - 8 3 - 1 0 5 . ( A F I P - 1 8 9 9 1 5 ? )' Ttris colt ear-old standardbred male horse. with Ereated was and prior to PresenEation a..rel6i"-a lirb edema lwo weeks sites and from venipuncture from bleeding began lCanamytin. Ten days later it with membranes oral and the scl'era p.t"chiae on fhere ,0"t" the mouth. bleeding fron the nose and mouth. The yearling was eoaciated' Gross Psthologv. Stouacb:rirffiereheavyinfestations,ofGastrophi1ussp.and@sp. Severe Parascaris eouorum infestation. Snall inteetine: infestation. Cecus: ltild Agg$ggglg}g, Laboratonr ReeulEs. count 7000iul ffielet ' t{BC 14,0007t@p with 312 eosinophils Contriburor's eoli including Diagnosis & Comnent. ilyelophchisis ukeuia. msny i@ature with fo:os neoplaetic precursors and Although noroal erythroid Precursors, neutrophil negakaryocytes are present, there is an over abundance of eosinophilic Many are paecursor cella, nany vith abnormal. nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. positive with eells were sbnoroal The nuelei. oversized and contein aultiple (for (for granulocytes). Sudan bLack and eosinophils) the Luna stain disease consistenr Myeloproliferative AFI? Diesnosis. leukernia, bone uarrow, standardbred, equine. with eosinophilic Conference Note. Ln the bone marrow of this case, myeloid eleuts greatly outnunber erythroid; coadition this finding suggests a myelophthisic which is further supported by the Leukocytosis and the aevere throabocytopcnia Ihe predoninant ce11 type reseables aa atypical and aneoia Bcen in this case. eosinophil. Partici.pants noted some cells in which there is extreoe verietion in the size of granules. In stil-l otber eel-ls, granules are of nomaL size for a rneture cell but nuclei in such cells are large, not well-eeguentcd, and uore t;tpical of an imature cell, This asynchrony of naturation of the cytoplasn and nucl.eus is oft.en a feature of neoplastic cells. Myeloproliferative disorders are rare in the horse; the report of this ease (Morris, Bloorn, Roby et a1., 1984) is only the fourth of oyelogenous leukemia, with only one report of erythrocytosis. The above cited report eontains a good review of eosinophilic disorders in man and domestic animals. ConEributor.- str"ffi??ffirrerr New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Squar", r"oorylvania 1934g. 382 t{est Suggested reading. Bnrabaugh, G. I.1., Stitzel, K. A., Zinkl, J. G. et al.: Myelooonocytic nyeloproliferative disease ia a horse. J. Aln. Ver. lGd. Assoc. 180(3): 313-315, 1992. Lewis, I1. B,, and L e i t c h , M . A . : A case of granulocytic leukemia in the horse. Proc. Later. Synp. Equine llematol. Arn. Assoe. Equine pracE. l: 141.-143,L975. Morris, D. D., Bloom, J. C., Roby, K.A.W. et al.: Eosinophilic uyeloproliferative disorder in a horse. J. An. Vet. I l e d . A s s o c . 1 8 5 ( 9 ) : 993-996, 1984. Searcy, C. P-, and Orr, J. P.: Chronic granulocytic leukemia in a horse. Can. Vet. J. 22:. I48-f51, l9gt. Case II - 29QA-A+,jALM9463l7l_r__ lt kodachrome slide) s foal preseated with a bloody diarrhea (frank blood) 12 hours prior to deeth. Last year, a sinilar condition affected one foal fron this f.ra. ""ri serosauguinous fluid inte:mixed with clotted blood ..-.GTo?s.Pathologv.. lrlrecl 4-5 qetere of the nid-sual1 intestine. Ttris intestinal walI sas aarkedly thickened with a necrotic yellow granular membrane, abundant edema and heuorrhage. lhe serosal surface was dark red and at the proxinal and distal uargins heuorrhagic streaks nere evident. The remeining portion of che distal s8811 intestines and the entire colon contained clotted brood wichin theil lunen and the Ducog€ was deep red. MuLtifocal areas of dark red roottliag wss preEent in the liver. LaboratofY RggultF. clgslfidiun Bouse aeutralization testG'ffi;frfi neer type c Eoxin was confi::ued of Srerne and Batry. by c.oatriblrtoTr s Diagnosis & corr'ent. Acute, diffuse, severe, vascular fibrinoid necrosis. The najority ftt:tiiliF L@edtately lOEOEl].Ilo of perfring-eE th=;ilJi_"tes of the DorPhoLogical changes in the intestines are due ro the Peffriinens. and its ioxins beciuse rhe foal was necropsied following death and the tissues were placed in l0z buffered A Brown and Hopprs stained histologieal section revealed large bacterial rods, suggestive of clostridiuo species. oassive numbers ii"rotogi""t changes in other organs included: multifocal nesenteric lynph node, mild hePatic vacuolar congestion. coagulative necrosis of a chaige, and hepatic and renal milk in its stomach nor was there reErospeetive rhis foal had little euphyseoa No evidence of intestinal Ehat the mare $as a heavy mil-ker. history piglets' was present as cornonly occurs in with necrohemorrhagic, acute, diffuse, severe, Enteritis, AFIp Diagnosis. vascular f ibrinoid ehange, thoroughbred' b;;iiii,-"ia superf ieiat o'cffii enterotoxeuia' with clostridial condirion--consistent ;&i;"; vascular ehanges in the conference Note. The,discussion centered on the wall' are separated by a suboueosa. ln nost vessels, the various layers of a nyaiine aPPearance' Soae participaars ff,ria)-imparting C.a*" ;il;;;tiri ttre tryaline change aPPears due to lhe speculaEed that in some arterioles, ceLl's resembliag intensely eosinoptrilie cytoplasm oi s\tollen smooth rouscle oo the precipitated is fibrin rn many of these vessels, sacs of edema fl,uid. vessel wall. $rooth tedial In a sBaller proportion of vessels, however, nuclei of sorne preseat' In also are neutrophils muscle cells are pytcnotic and scatteted the describe preferred to was necrosls theee veseels, th; te::u fibrinoid in rtrich vasculitis, chaege. The rpderator preferred the te13 leukoclastic in the changes the likened and necrosis, stage is fiirinoid Ehe i1itial with snaPhylactoid horse a in described vessels of this foal with those purpura (Guocon, RooneY, L977). large participaote of clustcrs of fairly apeculated as to the identity of the ncuroos they reeenble To sone' monontrclcar cclls rrithin the sub,mucosa. a liaear a6sul1€ they however, ln some areag, paragympathetic ganglia. thougbt they Sone participants arratrgeDcnE 8s if asaociated with a vessel. Gastroiatestioal of Department Tbe cells. crypt epithelial nay b- hypertrophie Th.l eaiUofogy believes that these eel1s are neurons of lGisener's plexus. in neuroas to comparison in imature appear co@ent that these cells furlher plexus. the firyenteric perfringens enterotoxeoia The various diseases aesociated with Clostridiun of exarnining the gut importance Ehe stressed I'he noderaEor diseussed. were tips of the villi the affecting rapidly occurs autol.,ysis as i-.ediately, first, aad uaeking lesioas there. Coatributor. Berke!, a R. ' and Van Drer:mel, A. A.: The al'iuentatT systeln. -ro P a t h o l o g y o f D m e s t i c A n i u a l s , 3 r d E d . , J u b b , K . V . F . , K e n n e d y ,P . C. and Pa1ner, N., Acadenie Press, 1985, Vol 2, PP. 149-155. Enterotoxeuia in two Dickie, C. S., Klinkerman, D. L., and Petrie, R. J.: 1 9 7 8 3 0 6 3 0 7 , A s s o c . 1 7 3 ( 3 ) : J. AD. Ver. lled. foals. Vet. Anaphylactoid PutPura in a horse. Gunson, D. 8., and Rooney, J. R.: P a t h . 1 4 z 3 2 5 - 3 3 1, 1 9 7 7 . N i l o r L . r - a n d C h a l m e r s r G ' A ' : H e m o r r h a g i c e n t e r o E o x2e3m 1 9y 8 2 ' 3 0s 1e'd b : i2a9c9a- u Can' Vet' J' Clostridiun per{fineePq.tyPe C.in a foal' A review of curreot crosrriai'ro eeTfiingeis in aaimal disease: Nilo, L.: knowredge. can-ffi1980' cl?PF5idliT giifTinsei:s:v!:- A oe h o a ,R . , an d K e rn , s. R .,- i i ,.'effects of and clinicoPeEhologic - clinicat, enreroloxin in Shetland ponies c h a n g e s . V e t . P a t h . L 7 : 7 3 8 - 7 4 7' 1 9 8 0 ' III -Eiscory. ttt. Eiffioe rorp6lElic 81 ( of li aEurt equine. T$o tuoors aPPeared on the head sctatch would Ttre horee below the rnedial canthus of each eye. Tissue Both tumors rrere reBoved surgieallY they bled. these tunors until histoPathology. for subroitted Groes Pathologv. cm in dloeter "ffin" 's and The growth removed fron the left side measured 1/2 to 1 from below the right eye ltas 2-3 ern in di@eter' iioi.tr Di Contr eoeinophilic ' E t i o l o g i c diagnoeis: Eriology: @sPP. Dermalitis, Proliferative, skin, nediel canthuses' ", cutaneous habronemiasis' c . equiae' of ttre lesiooe of cutaneous habroaemiasis are due to the activity eepecially wome, stouach equine spp. larvae of !g@ situated aberrenlly usually are neoatodes chese of g""tot". the ttrira@r:rrae Draeehia t EEifficea-5!:6e-eomon a$ggg-tr cit"irraus). houge fly (!tuscae douestica) or by the st,able f1y deePly iat,o the dclois Theee la:ruaETlffiEnJenetrate a granulomatous resPonse or open wounds where they elicit iffiFanee oflorrusually begin suddenly' gros the granulations with abundant eosinophils. Larvae reEn'ants Eay tendency to heal. and shon Little bleed freely, rapidly, foci composed of degeaerate be- eeen as emall flecks in caseous necrotic eosinophils. Ttre lesion is usually eonpoeed of highly vascular granulation tigsue Occasional giant by a nearly pure population of eosinophils. infiltrated at the predooinate neutrophils and cell.s aay be.fouod aear the larvae ulceraEed surfacc. and graauloustous, Dermat,itis, ulceraEive, eosinophilie AFIP Diaroosis. nenatode granulooas contaioing focaL eosinophil.ic difmth wirh condition-cotrPatible equine; la:rrae, skin, breed unspecified, habroneniasis. eosinophilic denal sithia The parasices Note. Conference .uo@arianErracu1a!ure,andanintestina1tract,identifying granulosas have organs are not present in any parsites Since reproductive them as neEatodes. exanined, it oay be assuned they are larvae rather than adults. The .microscopic differential diagnosis and infection habronemiasis, hypoderoiasis, Occasionally, multiple sections are needed Since llabronema spp. and Draschia larvae. of ttre prepuce and penis, resultant lesions from squamous ce11 carcinooa and sarcoid. includes nodular necrobiosis, by fungus such as 3Ug!!1g spp. to confim the presence of nenatode Begaslona frequentl.y invade wounds grossly rsust be differentiated The nomal life cycle of these parasites involves deposition of 3rd stege larvae.around the nouth of the horse; they are eventuall.y swallowed aud their life cyele is completed, Occasionally larvae uake their way into the nostrils' are inhaLedr srrd pulmonary habronemiasis resul.ts. Ttre rooderaEor, who has studied nunerous caaes of equine exercise-induced pulmoaary heoorrhage, deoonstrated several cases of the l-atter with peribroachiolar and periarterioLar eosinophilic infiltrates. She hypothesizes that there is puloonary vascular danage, perhaps the result of llabronema spp. infection, which predisposes horses to pulmonary hemorrhage ma;-unA;r physiologic srress. Contributor. South Afriea. Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, Republ.ie of Suggescedreading. prevalence of Lyons, E. T., Drudge, J. H., To11iver, S. C,. et al.: perfoliat? and lesions of Drasehia Eegastopa ia thoroughbreds tn Snoglo.ceehala Kentuckyat oecropsy. ao. J. ver. n s. Ft(Tt;-tgEllEfl-iFaa. Maybew, r. G., Lichtenfels, J. R., Greiner, E. c. et al.: ltigration of spiruroid Dc@rtode through the brain of a horse. J. ArD. Vet. !Ied. A3soc. 180(rl): 1306-1311, 1982. uoutes, L. F., and vaughan, J. T.: skia Diseases of the Eorse. w. B. Saunders Co., philadelphia, 1983, pp. 1104-l1lL. Rcbhuu, l{. C., Mirro, E. J., Georgi, I,t. E. et al.: Bebronenic blepharoconjunetivitis in horsee. J. AD. Vet. Med, Aseoc. L7g(il. 469-472, 1 9 8 1. Case IV Id uale quarter horse. lhe foal appeared signs of colic which improved. The abdmea with what was identified as urine. The foal died duriag surgery to repair the ruptured urinary bladder. notBa beceme dietended (notua-f Testis - ihysiologic involutioa rhe eection is of a nornal 5-day-old foal testie. The semiuiferous tubules are lined prinarily by undifferentiared cells and occssioaal sPerBatogonia. The interstitiurn contains abundant large oval eells (interstitial c e l l s ? ) w h o s ec y t o p l a s n i s d i s r e n d e d b y g r a n u l a r l i g h t b r o w n pignent (lipofuscin). B y t h e 6 0 t h d a y o f g e s E a t i o n t h e f e t a l g o n a d s o f t h e b o r s e h a v eintersticial enlarged hyperplastic oi-typ"t.riphied, fargely are and greatly "orpo".d c e l l s . T h e i n t e r s t i t i a l c e l l t ' v p . = p r . " i a r e a c h e s i t s p e a k a r o u ninterstitial dday250. cells Ulgirr! !o.aPPear in the Degenerative changes (involutiorr) greatly by birth' by day 300 and th! size of the gonadi diniaish eells gonadal interstitial Ttre uarked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fetal Equidae' farnily the unique to Lsfollowed Uy invoiution "pp.t"oity quarter horse, equine' norual tissue, testis' AFIP Diae.nosis. Essentially from lhe moderator showed several sections of testis Notg. Coofete* the restis In younger fetuses, age. equine fetuses ;i.-""tyi;g iu"t"tional cytoplasos' eosinophilic inteosely wich cells conEains sheers of interstitiaL c ell L n t e r s t i t i a L h i s t o l o g i c a l l y ' h e p a t o c y t e s which closely resenble 250 At aPProxiuately gestation' of days 50 aPProximaEely at develogmeot Peeks pigneat the brown ttte"e cells Ueiin to degenerate' and gestation, J"y.-oi In Ehe younger fetus, hovever' the granules aPPear in their cytoplasn. pink iofygonaf cells, with a few scaEtered seniniferous oi-nrt""ous ir.""o"" reported having Several particiPants Eubules, can be aisealen flr iinet. geeded ebout the tiseues testicular pieces of young pigs wittr ,,""top"i"d liver' for ectoPic mistaken easily are these peritonegn; chei ton-eot.d that ia the cell developeat Lt hag beea observed that the uassive interstitial observations of iacreaeed sEooth correspoads with ulErastructural fetal testis to speculste the plonpting investigators in those cells, reticulqn eodoplasric (Gonzalez-Angulo, Eeraandea-Jeuregui, gteroid synChesis celle are involved in 1975) . l{artinez-Zedilo, csEEiluleE-a college of veterinary Medicine, ltississippi State, lfississippi 39762. univEisityl nisiissippi Suggested state reading. ffi1ea,W.R.:J.Reprod.Fert.,Supp123,557-56L,1975. Gonzalez-Angulo, A., Berrraadez-Jauregui, P., and l'lartinez-Zedilol G. ! Fine stnrcture of the gonads of the horse aud its functional iraplicatious. Reprod. Fert., Suppl 23t 563-567, 1975. The liistology of Donestic Aniuals' TrauCnaan,A., and Fiebiger, J.: pp.259-263. V a n V o r s E e n b o s c h ,C . J . A . H . V . , C o l e n b r a n d e r , B . , a n d l { e n s i n g , C . J . G . : Leydig ce1l developrnent in the pig testis during the 18te fetal and early posBnatel period: An electron microscopic study with attention to the An. J. Anacony 169: 121-136' 19E4. influenee of fetal decapitation. DAVrD L. FRTTZ, V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Departuent of VeEerinary Pathology J. ResulEs Conference - No' 30 Slide Wednesday AFIP 22 r[ay L985 conferenceModerator: #:: T;,tl:;"n"' Chief, Division of Veterinary Pathology of Pathology Araed Forces Institute Washington, DC 20305 case r - H0836440 (AFIP 1945169). Tmar-old, Historv. This dog was examined because pointe!. gLand' The animal 3ra namlry the left excised. s,.rigically later tbe Bass ras nultiple wittr having a cysiic "pp""tlrr"e scatteted through it. contributorrs gland. Diagnosis intact female Gernan shorthair of a soft enlargement in the area of One uonth was given Eestosterone' The surgeon described-the Bass as masses of fila tissue pellet-like and con'ment. Basaloid adenotm of the E€l6aty dogs Itamary basaloid adenmas have been reported in experioental deecribes rePort A recent periods. prolonged receiviag proge6togens for The dog in this occurring entity. o"Lnrally -onrrs.tll ias"foia edenmas ." " for 8 Eslcltf exeaincd initially was it testoGterone at Ehe tirne ,"".ived othet any or """" received having of Progestogens Bass, but it had no history presentation. steroids prior to the initial At our leb' ne hsve adenomas are reported to be benign. l{amary basaloid appeared to be nore histologically which seen a few mg!@ary basal,oid adenomas expericnccd }Je also have invasion. aggressive with apparent stromal but have not docrneatcd oceasioaal locel recurreBce of these lesions, uetgstasis. AFLP Diaenosis. pointer, caaine. Basaloid adenoma, marurarT gland, Geman shorthair Discussion centered on several features of this ueoplaam Conferenee Note. .tricffiogedescribedintheEr'opreviousrePortsofcaaine basaloid adenonas (Kwapien, Giles, Gell, et 41. , L977) (Esplin, Berrretein, Itris neoplasn has many foci of squanous ehaagc vitb ltelaughlia, 1984). tuoor; in which are suggestive of a hair follic1e central kcratiniaation inveding the Lobule, of out are extending seversl areas neoplastic cells than is ePPeeraace presenting aggressive a uore surrounding connecBive tissue, in participants that the DeoPlaso Some noted for basaloid adenomas. described in the carcinoua cell of Ehe mamarT sguauous case fits the deseription this Bulletin of the World tlealth Organization (ilanpe, Misdorp, L974). (RCG) of the iniCial with one of Ehe auEhors Personal comunication (Kwapien, Gi1es, Gel1, L977), revealed description of canine basaloid "iuroro", more areas of squamous change than that Ehe neoplasm in this case probably has basal cell conponents are ii" torots eiarined ia chat study, but that the Dr. Giles further stated tbat he has seen 10-12 essenria1ly iaentical. no history of neoplaems in the past 4 years in bitctres with sinilar had been treated with which animals Likewise, ir, progestogen therapy. ""rr.ral no neoPlasos sere progesterones and in whon sirnilar tunors night be expected, draining I'ynph a in found was seen. In one sPontaneous tumor, the neoplasru Eetastasis LyaPhatic than rather node and it is suspected that local extension rrbasaloid tumor" Bay Prove to lhat Dr. Giles suggested was Ehe explanaCion. neoplasms could be subdivided so that the toil be more appropriate "gg"essive as basaloid adenomas' neoplasos benig3 as basaloid carcinoElss, and the ContribuEor. City, ur III Vererinary Reference Laboratory, P.O. Box 30633, SaIt Lake 84130. E413o. Suggested reading ffinstein,N.M.and}1cLaugh1in,H.:Basaloidadenouaof rhe nra'r.ar7 gland in two dogs. J. AE. Vet. l{ed. Assoc. f84(7): 855-857, 1984' personal coornunicagionwith Col. G. Imes, 30 Uay 1985. Giles,-R: C.: Ilanpe, J. F. and Misdorp, W,: Tumors and dysplasias of the BaEnarT 8u11. I{1d. Itlth. Org. 50: f l'1-133, L974. -g l a n d . B a s a l . o i d a d e n o r n s so f K w a p i e r , R . P . , G i L e s , R . C . , G e l ,1 , R . G . e ! a 1 . : contracePtive investigational adrninistered gland dogs beagle in Ehe maoary L 9 7 7 . l n s t . 9 3 3 9 3 9 , N a t l . C a a c e r 5 9 ; J. steroids. Case II - 75N-1&6 (AIIP 1902435). old Berneee Eounlaia dog. ttris aninal presented with chronic anorexia, weight loss, steltorous resPiration' cutaneous nodulee conjunctivitis with prominent chemosis and multiple in nasal region, eyelids and distributed over the entire body, but especially The cliaical course is characterized by remissions and relapses. scrotuo. Necropsy revealed widespread nodular to diffuse lesions Gross Pathologv. in luag, liver, bone narrow, spleen, lynph nodes, kidneys, eyes, testes and various other tissues in addition to the cutaneous lesions aeen on elinieal exaaiaatioa. Laboratorv Rcsults. Lesions have been cultured for bacterie and fungi; significaat orgauisus were Bot recovered. Lfunited virological studies were aiso nonproductive. Contributorrs Diggnosis and Couoent. Systemic histiocytosis. Special sEains were perfo:med on rnany lesions Eo screen for possible etiological None were detected. agents. The stains included acid fast, Giemsa, Methenanine Silver, Periodic Acid-schiff and Brown and Brenn. cell type is supported by nature of the major infiltrating The histiocytic Ttre cells react strongly cytocheruical and electron microseopil observations' have the ultrastructural for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esEerase and in of macrophages. The condition is not clearly neoplastie; eharacteristics is it that notion the fact the episodic nature of the condition would suPPort lesions of course and the aPPearance Ttre clinical -thenot neoplastic. Birbeck's graaules however, man; x of ltistiocytosis in seen those reseuble in Ehe canine c3s9s' have not been demonstrated in histiocytes The condition has only been observed in 5 closely-related proven. dogs. A genetic basis is suspected but has not been Beroese uouaEain angioeentric, and eellulitis, Denmtitis AFIp Diagnosis, aittffi-ecrotizingvascu1itisandurr1tifoea1necrosis,de:misand subcutis, Bernese mountain, canine. chroaic-active' @Note.Themarkedangiocentricdistributionofiafi1traring Process, Iet in s@e areas fs suggestive of an inflauatory rooofrc angiocenEricity. laek and into muscle and nerves the cells infiltrate features with sctne spaces share AlEhough the cells in perivascular were equivocal. identity their special stains done to clarify histiocytes, the nalla of theee c e l l s ; t h e s e b y Oceasioaally, veseel walls are infiltrated legioas with the vascul'ar these related end participants vessels are neerotic, (i.e. iufarction)' areag of aecrosis in the subcutis of Berneae normtria dogs ntrich ttris case rcpresents systemic histiocytosis ittoore, 1984; llore aad Bosio, 1984). by the contributor wes Raceot.Iy rep;*ed of nan aad is cberretcrigcd reeanUles malignant histiocytosis lhis condition organs by pleooorphie phagocytie of oultiple by infiltration hiarologiealLy erc giant celIs. InfiltratQs rnonoouclear cclls and rnultinucleated often. in thc CNS. and nodes, lyuph hilar preaeat in luags and eonsisteatly (Moore, Rosiu, 1984). progreesive is raPidLy couree Itre cliaical. arc ridcly co&cnt, Birbeck granulee, uentioned in the contributortG Langerhans cells ia the hunen accepted as the ttsine gua aontt for identifying A Becond cel.l, which travels in bLood and Ly'nph, called the'rveil" epidettis. cell is thought aleo to be of Eonocyte origin and will oecasionally coataia Their function renains unclear, and ia the Birbeck granules (ueiss, 1983). these granules ate not fouad in the opinion of uany conference participants Laagerhans cells of the dog. Dcpartnent of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Contritnrtor. nedicine, 1125 Hariag Hell, Davis Carupus,Davis, CA 95616. @. Moore, P. F. and Rosin, A.: !{alignant histiocytosis of Bernese mouataia Nov. dogs. Proceedings, 35th ann. lieeting, An. Col.lege Vet. Pathologists, 12-15, Toronto, Canada, 1984 p. 28. l l o o r e , P . F . : S y s r e u i c h i s t i o c y t o s i s of Bernese mountain dogs. Ve!. Pathol. ZLz 554-563, l-984. Lyrnphoreticular W' H', Tasker' J' B' et al: Seott, D. 'w., ltiller, nedullary (iristiocytic histiocytosis neoplasia in a dog reseubling maligrrant Cornell Vet' 592 176-197' L979' in o,"i). reticulosis Weiss,L-:Ilistology;CelLandTissueBiology'5EhEd"Elsevier Biomedical, 1983, PP. 535-535, 581' - 393-84 (AFIP 194$)' This aborted gdinttr-otd female llereford fetus. of 120' herd eow abortion !o occut in a month in a beef ferus rras rhe had The cows age' gestational A11 Eborted feti"i;iilwere eight to nine months of previous su@er' in the same Pastlrre with the same bulls Ehe u".o p*"ent, Ttre herd has had tlto to three abortions of undeter:nined and winter. falI, etioiogy each year for the Past several years' c"". III and spleen were all thyroids, nodes, iiver, The Gross Pattlologl, ly*ptt Petechia and ecchymoses ltere present in these and pall. ooderately eotaffi E h e s u b c u E a n e o u st ' i s s u e s , o r a l c a v i t y , a n d i o aiff""ufy orgaas as wel1.I wele also present' anasarca and Ascites eonjuuctivae. L8boraBorv Results. No significant Stouach contents' l.ng, and liver: Gimenez stained sgears were negative for Spleen: negative' spl,eea: virus isolation: Kidoey, liver, IBA: negative fLuorescent antibody: Kidney.: Bl/D: positive ELuetongue AGID: negative. Fetal blood: Copper: 35.7 Ppn dry weight. Fetal liver: 0.354 PPE dry weight. Selenium: Bacteriology: Virology: Serology: Ctreuistry: Cgqqrrb,rt"rt s Diag"se ctrro 2. Splenic, acule, nultifocal, abortion (foochill abortion). isolates' chlanydia. 1. Spleaic, hepatic, and renal and perivasculitis. ocytic vasculitis Epizootic bovine necrotizing vasculitis. . lhe morphologic changes present in the spleen, liver, and kidneys of this However, bovine feEug are Ecrst consiscent with epizootic bovine abortion. di,arrhea virus infection es well. as copper there was evidence for bovine viral Epizootic bovine abortion has been primarily and seleniuo defieiency. reported ia California; this caee was from a fam in southeastern Oregon. Ctrluydial orgaai*oa are the presumed etiolcgic agent but Ehat has not been eonf ined. AFIP Diagnoses. l. ttepatitis, subacute, portal, diffuse, nild, liver, iiereford fetus, bovine. splenitis, z. subacule, diffuse, moderate, with multifocal necrosis and reticuloendothelial proliferation, spleen. 3. Capsulitis, subacule, multifocal, mild, spLeen and liver. Conference Note. Within centrolobular areas of the liver, hepatic cords "t h' "e@pr oe sgsui tl laer a nr edlsa it ni ouns o ibdest w a reeedn i t] h. ao tsee d l.ePsai or tnisc i paan a d gestioa due to oB d t ps adsi s icvues sc e l1re loss of death. cardiovascul.ar comproroise several days prior to fetal nor fibrosis neither hepatrocyces sugtests a chronic Process, Yet centrolobular (1985) fetal thsl state Palmer Jubb, Kennedy, and hemosiderosis are pr"".rrt. (EBA) often hepatic eongestion which results frorn epizootic bovine abortion dieeeee. cardiac with re!enbles congeslion which occurs in fetuses parrieipants briefl.y discussed the histiogenesis of fetal lesions of EBA Infection wiCh the as proposed by Kennedy, Casaro, Kimsey, et al. (1983). gSA,,'now a lprphoproliferative induces virus, be a bel.ieved to if "g"ot of maerophages. As the fetus EaEurest response with subeequent infiltration iu deposition of antigen-aatibody plasma celLs produce antibody resulting of the fetus, conplemeat is produeed wbieh With further uaturation lomplexes. in the disease. complexes deposited earlier fixes to the antigen-antibody as is vasculitis lesions, often necrotizing This result.s in neclotizing present in some splenic vessels in this ease' thyuus, not sub,nitted ia tbis I,n the late stages of the disease, the fetal this diseaee; chey iaclude case, developes unique ehanges that chalacterize of both corEer and severe atrophy of the thynic cortex and infiltration the UnIike other diseases causing bovioe abortioa, medul,l,a by nacrophages. placeata in EBA is nornal. other than mild edema" E:ctraoedullarT heraatopoiesis, vhieh is evident in tbe liver aad spleen of this c,8fe, is considered normaL in a calf of this gestational age (8 oonths). Contributsr. Vetcrinary Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O. Box 429, Corvallis, Oregon 973394129. Oregon State llaivcreity, Suggested readins: Jubb, K, V. F., Kennedy, P. C. and Palmer, N.: Pathology of DoEeatic A n i - a l s , 3 r d E d . , A c a d c - i c P r e s s , 1 9 8 5 , v o l . 3 , p p 363-35 5. K e n n c d y , P . C . , C e s a r o , A . P . , K i m s e ! , P . B . e t al.: Epiaootic bovioe abortion: Ilistogenesis of the feeal lesioas. As. J . V e t . R e s . 4 4 ( 6 ) : 1040-1048,1993. Kennedy, P. C., Olander, H. J. and Howarth, J, A. : Psthol.ogy of cpizootic bovine abortion. Cornell Vet 5Az 417429, 1950. Kiueey, P. 8., Kennedy, P. C. and Buehae1l, R. B. et al.: Studies on thc psthogenesis of epizootic bovine abortion. An. J. Vet. Res. 44(7): L266-L27L, 1983. Kwapien, R. P., Lincoln, S. D. and Reed, D. E,: PaEhologic cbeagce of placeatas frm herfers with experiuentally induced epizootic bovine abortioa. AD. J. Ve!. Res. 3f(6): 999-1015, 1970. t"""gii;;ii tfr33;!Titii3*?33^laurr crlnicarsigas car. Noabnormar DSE. At the , ,,rg t : t ' t t taniBar', . ch"orric exercise study; : : : : - ; - - t - - , "ol"-jo I t e r e n o t e d d u n n g the and a focal lesion !'as ...oo"i"d animal ltas tnecroPs cf the lung' concfrrsion of ttri study, the of the right diaphragruatic lobe the caudaf pottioi found involving Verminous pneumonia and pleuritis' cg@eng' contributor' : PigFnosis-?1}{ ' granulooagous. severe, with encYsted Pneumonia' granulomacous' focal' feline; I'uni' dotnestic shorthair' "gg", with Pa-"Eg-orri*"' "p' was thought Ehat the adult parasite Participants Conference Note. espeeially inflama.ion' grin''lomatous surroundea Uy grffii"ait"-.i""i.-.,,a abscesses are eosinophilic Nrrnerous eggs. p"t."iEe evident sorroundiii scattered thloughout the lesion' AFIP Diagno?is. trenatode p"t""tE-trrl etiology-coupacible has as a lreBatode because it is flattened' The parasite ean be identified ceeca paired has with vitellarian a tegunent with spines, has. " p".,rao"oelon Egg norphology can be bladder. excrecory an and sLide) (not evident on every eggs have a the trematode as BaraFoniquq--the iientifying in further helpful on extending at che top with fittEhoufaers seared operculum (flattened the opposite Ehe end siae of it) and a knobby protuberance oa ;i;;t are well enough preserved exained secfioos Che in operculr,rn. Very few eggs The shape of tegunental spiaee caa also aid in to orke thege disCinctions. the species of Paragoairus' diffcreatiating A1thoughtheyarehertaphroditic,.Eg@sppprefertoexistinpairs done when unpaired Mosr of rt,e rissFl@ffs and cross-fcrtiliae. migrate exteasivelY. flukes of flukes with the caudaL lung lobes is Itre high degree of association to their proxiroity to the diaphragp through which the thought to be dlatea The locaEion of the upPer soall fron rhe emsLl intestine. fl.ukls Eig!8te for a high on the right side of the abdooen is thought responsible intestine (Stroraberg, Dubey, 1978)' lobeJ ]-ung right caudal incidence of lesions in the Coatributor. 5323 tlarrry Eines Southrreet lledical Blvd., Dellas, TX Suggested readiag. School, 75235. Division of Comparative l{edieine, in Norch , its life history and distributioa Eygiene J. AD. Troglotrenatidal). Anerica aud ils ea*5il6ili:TE6atoda): 19(2) z 279-3L2, L9%. J. Paragonimiasis in a dog and a cat. Bisgard, G. E. and Lewis, R. E.: L 9 6 4 . V e t . l l e d . A s s o c . 1 4 4 ( 5 ) : 5 0 1 5 0 7 , Ao. Induced Dubey, J. P., Stromberg, P. L. and Toussant' !1. J.: CLinical signs and diagnosis. J. Aro. Vet. lled. Paragoniuiasis in cats: Assoc. 173(6)z 734-742, 1978. AFIp Diaqnosis. Glossitis, ulcerative, acute, focal, moderateto sevete, with porcine, etiology-ccrnpatible with poxvirus. "piffigoigenerationandeosinophi1icintracytop1asmicinc1usion bodies, tongue, LandiaceTYorkshire, incLudes foot and mouthdisease' . Conference r c , v e s i c u 1Note. a r e x a The n t h edifferential m a ' V e g e t a tdiagnosis ivedermatitis,skinIesions vesrcuJ.arsEqnal associated with erysipelas and hog choleri, and others. However,the histological firdirg of hydropic degenerationof cells in the stratum spinosum' and thd presence of intracytoplasrnic inclusion bodies ate characteristic of poxvirus infections. Furthemore, vacuolation of the infected epithelial cell nuclei is said to be pathognornnicfor swine pox, differentiating it from vaccinia virus (Kasza, 1981). Infection with swine pox is thought to interfere with developmentof titers to hog cholera vaccines. The papillary structures on the tongue surface were thought by attendees to be marginal papillae which are ptesent on the tongues of suckling animals and furction to forrn a seal betweentongue and nipple. Contributor. Briti.sh ColumbiaVeterinary Laboratory, B.C. Ministry of AgridftFiFTtod, P.o. Box 100, Abbotsforo, 4.C., CanadaV2S4t,18. -Suooestedreadino. Kasza, L. et al.: Experirental swine pox. Am. J. Vet. Res. E: 443-451, 1962. Kasza, L.: Swi.nepox. In Diseasesof Swine. 5th Ed., Leman,A. D. et al. (Ed.), Iowa State UniversitflPress, ].981, p. 254. l{eyet, R. C. and Conroy, J. D.: Experimental swine px in gnotobiotic piglets. Res. Vet. Sci. 13: V3bV38, L972. Teppema,J. S. and De8oer, G. F.: Ultrastructural aspects of experinrental swinepox with special reference to iralusion bodies. Arch. Virol. 49: L51-15t, L975. DAVID L. FRITZ,V.M.D. Captain, VC, USA Registry of Veterinary Pathology Departmentof Veterinary Pathology