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Results
AFIP l{ednesday
Slide Conference- No- I
12 September1984
ConfereneeModeraLor: LTCRalph M- Bunte, VC, USA
DiplomateACVP
Training Officer
DeparLment
of Veterinary Pathology
ArmedForces Institute of pathology
Vrlashlngton,
DC 20306
I - 7
19474
Historvin a 3-year-o1d Hartley guinea plg; grossly there
was a white, 5x5 mmnodule in the wall of the uterus which protruded into the lumen-
Conlributor's Diaqnosis- Endometrialadenoma_
AFIP Diagngsis. Adenoma,endometrium,utetus, Hartley guinea pig, rodentComment-Sometlssue sections lacked.outer myometrial.layers with prominent
inteffiE:iasculature,
or are-i of normal endometrium,r.king-trssre
identification difficult.
The myometrium
was somewhat'attenuitedsuggesting the
smoothmuscle was stretched due to. expansionof the tumor. AJ.though-Ehe
mais was
well-differentiated and hyperplastic 1n appeatance,a diagnosis of-adenomawas
preferred based upon the size of the mass, its focil natuie, and attempts at
encapsulation. A differential. diagnosis of adenomyosis(endometrlosis lnterna) can
be ruled out due to lack of a stromal componentin-this neopLasm-Spontaneous
neoplasmsin the. guinea pig are rare -- their incidence being one of' the lowest
amongall laboratory anlmal specles-. 0f those reported, uteiine tumors are rarely
mentionedand, whendescrlbed, are usually sarcomas- Adenocarcinomas,
adenomatous
polyps, and adenomyomas
have been described (Blumenthal& Rogers, 1950) (Lipsehutz,
1959). The paueity of spontaneousneoprasmsin the guinea pig, 6nd their
resistance even to experimental induetion, is thougnl to be due to a factor ln
serum' which, whenintroduced into miee, inniUits the growth of lymphomas
9!qir
(Blumenthahl& Rogers, I96illeQlqlbulor-.
Offiee of Biologics,
Center for Drugs and Biologics,
nomiiFiEE$ifreSoo Rockviltepi[e, Bethesda,r"rarylafrd
zozoS-
Food & Drug
Syqges!gd.
readinqts'LumenthaJ-,
.
and inducedtumors in the
I-.and Rogers, J: B-: Spontaneous
guinea pig- rn lPathology
of-Lab6ratory Anfi;G;- ' Riberin, [--E:-and Mecoy,J- R.
(Eds-), chartE c- Thomi!, Igr't-, p_ 1Br_
Cotchin, E.: spontaneoustumors of the uterus and ovaries in
animals- rn
Animal rumorsof the FemaleReproductiveriaJi,-uy cot.hi;;-i:
."0-u.r"nint,=5-,
Chapt- 2,. Springer-Verlag, 1977r g- 3I_
Lipschutz, Aal,i' sponianeoustumourigenesisin agedguinea pigs- BrltJ- Cane- Res- 13: 9!
496-496, IgSg_
Rogets, J' B- and Blumenthal,H. T.: Studies.of guinea pig
tumors; report of
fourteen spontaneousguinea pit-tumors witn-a-rlview
5r
tni
iiEeraturecanc- Res.
20: 191-197, L960.
wagner,J- E.-,_an!
Manning,p- J-, eds: The Biology of the Guineaplg.
Academicpress, Newyork, IgiS, p- ZI7.
se II - 5407 - (AFIP
y was submitted
009.
f*r
e 7-year-old female Germanshepherd
il-;";;;";;;i;il:
-A-;-*
oiametJr-p6ivil,ioTffi,H
"il "-#";"r'"ii
;:.'3ffi,,ilt"in?"xTr:1,?331.':fiffi:.i3r'.to^cg?!llgu!o1':=,01
1) Rhinltls, slppurative, chronic wtth mucosal
...nypetpLasla
and squamous
mEaplasia, oue to-nhir
2)
Mi;;Frt;"i"Iii,
presumabJ.v
o* to oi"orit""ffi
i:*ggnoFeL 1) Rhlnttis, polypoid, ehronic-active, focat, moderate, wtth
^numerous
- 4EIg stromal.,
fylgll_"poransia
and-mooeiaie-epiidli;i-;yp;ilt;.i;-"nJ-"iuifou.
metaplasla,nasal.mucosa,
Germin
snepnero,-cJninr;
_ Ibinosportoru,m
etioJ.ogv
seeberi2) t'licrofilareiria, nasal mucosa_
comment' The excised nasal polyp is characterizedby intense
submucosal
infiTEila
of neutrophi+;;l;sma 6btls, ano-racrophages
containlng
hemosiderin.
Numerous
sporanglawhleh nivb tnrct-oireiriiig";;l
measlreup to 5o0
mlcronsin dtameterare present the suorrEJ.a-watts-and
sporangia-varvfrun smalrer,
-in
trophlc. stages to large inaturergrmf
-on6i;iil'numerous encrospores-An lntense
neutrophil responseii associatedwith the
of endospores- |€utrophlls are
traversing the hyperplastlc mucosawhich in "eiE"se
some
areas
has undergonesquamous
metaplasla' Flbrosis and hyperemra
oF-fnEsuomucosa
are
evident, as ar.e'
mlcrofiLariae in manysecti-ons- The diffe"rntiar diagnosis
incluctescoccidloldes
whichalso undergoes
endosporuration
urt gilrriiry n6 smalr.er
dil;;rff;thtffi
sporansia
of Rhrnospo_tidiuh.
AoiaspoiJ;
;i Eil;#j.g-;pp.-[;;e mucn
thickerwalls,
[email protected]'u'i'iIi.ffi-tne1ung-InBesnoitiainfections
J
the compressed
hosrcett ;rctil; i, ;;;Aiiv-.pp.rrnt_
Rhinosporidiosisj.s a rare disease in the U-S- affecting cattle and horses
primarily in the Gulf States- In India and Ceylon where it is a common
disease ln
man, infection may oecur through breaks in mucousmembranes-Inflection of the
nasal mucosafrequently results in polyp formation which mayocclude nasal
passages- Systemicinfection is rareContributor-
StatffiIle,
C- E- Kord Animal Disease Laboratory, P-0- Box 40627, Melrose
Tennesseei72o4-
SuoqestedreadingBinford, C- H., and Connor,D- H- (Eds-): Pathologyof Tropical and
Extraordinary Diseases,Vol. 2, AFIP, 1976, p- 597CasteLlano,M- C-; Idiart, J- R-, and Martin, A. A-: Rhinospiridiosis in a
dog- Vet- I'led- 7Oz 45-46, 1984C h a n d l e r ,F - W-1K a p l a n ,W-; A jello, L- : Histopathologyof M ycoticDiseas es ,
Chapt- 24, Wolfe Med. PubL. Ltd-, 1980, pp 109, 278Davidson' y{. R-, and Nettles, V- F-: Rhinosporidiosisin a woodduck- J. Am-.
Vet- M e d -A s s o c. 1 7 1 (9 )z 9 8 9 -9 9 0 ,1977.'
Emmons,
C- hl-; Binford, C- H-, and Utz, J- P-: Medical Mycology,3rd Ed-,
Chapt- 28, Lea & Febiger, !977, p. 464Jungerman,P- F-, and Schwartzman,
R- M-: Veterinary Medical Mycology,Chapt3, Lea & Febiger, 1972, p- 40Myers, D- D- et a1-: Rhinospiridiosis in a horse- J- Am-Vet- Med-Assoc145(0: 345-347, 1964.
Stuart, B- P-, and 0'MaIJ.ey,N-: Rhinosporidiosisin a dog- J- ftn- Vet- MedAssoc. 157(10)z 94I-942, 1975.
III
-
His_torv- Groupsof 400-grammale Hartley guinea pigs were exposedto a human
infectious agerit via aerosoJ inoculation- Animals were killed at 3 days
post-inoculation (pi) and 7 days pi- At 3 days pi the lungs collapsed partially
post-inocufation
and had multipLe nodular foci scattered throughoutfail
throughout- At 7 days pi the l.ungs
l.ungs failed
to collapse and had disseminated to diffuse
Laboratorv Results- The lnfectious
from necropsy specimens of lungs, lpph
consolidation-
agent was routinely
nodes, and spleen-
lsolated by culture
acute, multifocal,
Aedr:Lhu!-orrs Diaonoses- 1) Pneumonia, fibrinopurulent,
m 1 n p i g ( , d p i ) - . 2 ) P n e u i n o n i a , f i b r i n o p u r u 1 e n t ,
subacute, diffuse, severe, lung, guinea pig (7 dpi); etiology - Legionella
pneulnophilia (Philadelphia L-J. strain)-
.
AFIPDiaqnoses.1) Pneumonia,
multifocal,minimalto mild, lung
suppurative,
(5 days pi), Hartley guinea pig, rodent- 2) Pneumonia,
fibrinosuppurative,
subacute, diffuse, moderateto severe, with segnnentalbronchiolar epithellal
hyperplasia and squamous
metaplasia, Iung (7 days pi); etiology - consistent with
Legionella pneumopnilia-
Comment-hgng lung sections of the Samestage of disease, there was variation
. , - - .
ln the distribution and/or severity of the lesions and in the amountof fibrln
present in alveoli.
The organismswere not readily iOentifiable on H&E,Ci;;
stains, or immunofluoresceni
stains applied in the- contributor's laboiaior'-or at
t h e AF I P; i n t h e co n tri b u to rrs e xp er ience,this is usuativ- tnr case with
formalin-fixed tissue- The experiencewitn numancases at the AFIp
is that
organismsare readily seen on H&E,within.phagolysosomes
of macrophages
within aleas of leukocytoclasis; these rliroingi are not characteristlc or free
of the
disease in-gulnea ptgs- At the AFrPtne Browi and HoppsGramstain
preferyed to
is
silver stains sueh as the Dieterle, whicn ii tne preferred stain
in at least one
major diagnostic laboratory.
Pneumoniacausedby Legione{g oneumoniatends to be more suppurative
in the
guinea plg than ln man-($-]ifr-iFE FFffi'onE is frequently
,rhistiocytic,,)termed
The pneumonlaln. both species claqpiearrv inuoru". only
respiratory bronchiores and
alveoli; it has been suggestedthat L- peu@p_[iEg has tittte
c o 1 u m n a r e p i t h e J ' i a 1 c e 1 ] . i o r m U c o U S ; a r f f i F n a t - t n i j - * . v . oaffinity
. d u e t o a for
1ackof
necessarymoleeularadherencemechanlsms
(gaikerville et it.).'
Urtrastructural, studies suggestthat guinea pig neutrophils kill
h"fi?flf;***i:,
T:"
ln3:
J'3,
3i3ii':3"
"f*i*ii:"
:!i:ti
5
;lg,
l!
ru:ruli3"'
resembLlng.
rgugf' endoplasmieretieulum; the -ignfieance of this is unclear- An
electron photomicrogqaphof thls case (to ue-i6rra"Jeoj ino*J-ui"ur" ba-eirll
and a
degenerateneutrophll within an alveolar macropnage-Surroundingthe
racropnagi
are other degenerateneutrophlls, and proteinabeols material_
Despltedisslmirarities between!. pneumophiliainfection in manand the gulnea
Pi9' y+nn states tha-uihe r.aiter proiroEi?tb
oer for ine susceptible hunan
host
or
cigarette
smoker),
while
the
rat mayprovlde an equally
ilTTyno:rppressed.
moc,el.
of the relatively resistant humanhost_
Division of Pathology, u-s. ArmyMedical Researchrnstitute for
,s (U S A MR IIDF),o rt Dltr ick, Mar yland21701- - - - - et. al-: Histopathology of experlmental Leglonnaires'
,
in guinea P l g s' rhesus monkeys,and marmosets- J- patholl r39z 349-362,
r Pathologie findings in guinea pigs inoculated
, F - W- e t
intraperitoneally with ?l.
the Legionnaires' disease bacterium- Ann_Int- I'led_90:
67L-675, 1979_
Cho' S- et al-: . Experimental infection of horses with Leqionella oneumophlliaAm-J. Vet- Res- 44Q)z
662-658,IgArHambleton,P- et al.; Pathological and biochemicalfeatures of Leoionella
pneumophi}iqinfectioninguineapigs.J-Med.Microbio]"-16:lti-zffi
Horowitz' M- A- and Silverstein, s- c-: Activated humanmonocytes'ihniOittne
intracellular multiplication of Legionnaj-res'disease bacteria. .:- fxp- t€d- 154:
1618-1634, 1981_
--Katz, S- M- and Hashemi,S-: Electron microseopicexaminationof the
ililgmmqtory responseto Leoionella pneumophiliain'guinei pigs- Lab- Invest46(I): 24-32, 19BZ-
Locksley, R- M- et al-: Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophiliato oxygendependentmicrobiocidal systems- J- Immunol-129$)z 2192, 1982.
Myerowitz,R-: Editorial- Legionnaires' disease: The ptoblemof
pathogenesis- Lab- Invest- 47(5): 507-5A9,1982l,rlinn,f{. C- et al-: Legionnairestpneumonia
after intrastracheal inoeulation
of guinea pigs and rats- Lab. Invest- 47(6)z 568-578,1982WongK
, - H - e t a I-: I'E n d o to xicity"of the Legionnair esrdiseasebaeter ium.
Ann- Int- Med-90: 624-627,1979-
Case IV a l4-year-old, male beagle dog, which had autolmmune
ytrc
was euthanatized- In the liver of this dog there wete many
tiny dark red spots visible on both the visceral and cut surfaces-
Contributorrs DiaqnoFis- Peliosis hepatis-Iike lesionAFIP Diagnosis- Peliosis, multifocal, moderate,with multifocal thrombosis,
mild micronodul-ar
hemosiderosisand biliary stasis, Iiver., beagle, canineComment-Peliosis hepatls has been reported in the cat, in aged rats, in rats
expeilffiEElly lnfected with a leukemia viius, in cattle witn St.-George iisease
(associated wlth the plant 3;ineJea), and in man- The eondition in manhas been
linked to ehronic wasting disease, to inelude tubereulosis and neoplasia, and with
therapeutic doses of J.7-alpha-al.kylatedsteroids to include anabolic and
contraceptlve steroids- The two types of peliosis hepatis can be differentiated by
the presenceor absenceof an endothelial-lined membrane
surrounding the
blood-filled cavity- Ultrastructurally, dilatation of both the space of Disse
and/or the sinusoidal lumen are seen, and occasionally passageof red blood cells
through the endothelial barrier of the sinusoids can be demonstrated- These
findings suggest that alterqtions of the sinusoidaL barrier are primary events in
peliosisThis condition must differentiated in cattle from telangiectasis which is a
dilatatton of functional bLoodvessels, and in dogs from changesrelated to
post-caval syndromeas a result of D- immitis infection- Extrahepatic peliosis has
also been reportedIn this case, there was only an occasionaLendothelial cell or membrane
lining
the blood-fllled spaces- The contributor reported seeing this condition ln severa]
other dogs with autoimmune
hemolytic anemia- Attendeesspeculated that such
lesions could have -resulted from hypoxia secondaryto anemia, or possibly frcrn
steroidtherapy(dndrogens
to
or glucocorticoids
to stimulateerythropoiesis,
counter autolmmune
disease) had such-therapybeen instituted.
Contributor-. Departmentof Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary
ueoiffifrffiTooo,
Canada
Jzs745St--Hyacinthe,Que6-ec,
Suqqestedreadinov' v-: Virus-inducedpeliosis hepatis i.n rats. Science l5gt
377-37g,
l9d7:ttgt'
J- R-: Peliosis hepatis.Kent' G. and.Thompson,
- of the
reticuloendotherial system. Arch- path_ lz: eise-e5O,Involvement
19di:
L e e ' K- P -: P e l i o si s h e p a ti s-lite lesion--in
v * " v rrqatsaging
ur'
Vetv s u - path.
" " e
r c L r t - z20t
ua
410-423, IgBtseawri.ghtrA' A- and Francis, J-: Peliosis hepatis;
^George's
a specific lesion in Stdisease of cattre- Austr. vet- J- tz, gt-gg, rgTr_
Taxy, J- B-: Peliosis: A morphologiccuriosity
uecor"i an iatrogenle
problem- Hum.path- 9: 33l-340, tgle_
Tory' J- M- and wai-ton,R- M-: Peliosis hepatis
in a cat- Brit- Vet- J_ 131:
716-719, 1975_
et al-: Ultrastructural ---..Zafranir E. S-path_
lesions of the liver in human
peIlosis.
Am- JIIa: lt+)-lsg, tggi:
DAVIDL_ FRITZ,v.M_D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoov
Departmentof Veterinlry pathoi6gy
Results
Conference- No' 2
Slide
AFIP l{ednesday
19 SePtember1984
Conference Moderator: G e o r g eM i g a k i , D - V - M Diolomate ACVP
Registry of ComparativePathology
ArmedForces Institute of Pathology
Vlashington, DC 20306
Oneyear prior to
on the nose- The cyst was
cyst appeared
is tissue, a cutaneous
removedbecauseof
was
surgically
ispirateO at three-monthintervals until it
invasion into the right nostril- oldr DLH' fem ale, cat'
contributor's Diagnosis. Mycotic granuloma- Lrvptocogguslgoformans.
focally.extensiver severet
AFIp Diagn_osis- Inflammation,pyogranulomatous,
with intra- andd'iracetiutar yeaiti, iubcutis, nose' domestielong hair, feline.
Corment. 0n H&Esections, the yeasts are thin-walled and someare surrounded
clear spacesuggestiveof a capsule. The yeasts occasionally
oV iffifiv-*io"
ai" *e"t fy cirminophilic and stain-weakly with alcian blue. A GMSstain
demonstratesthe yeasts to have narrow-basedbudding!q form-short chains and
and/or germtubes- As a differential diagnosis' occasionally pseudohyphae
Cryptococcusand Btaltomycesare iorthy of initial consideration. The capsule of
to bb strongly carminophilic in animal tissues'
is gEffiE-h'ought
effiqoyears
,m'dE"ifound in the-past 4
that 15%of their cases are not
tet
-nrucicarminophilic.
germ
tubes are occasionally seen in
Pseudohyphae
and
(Chindler,
Aje11o, 1980). The inflammatory
Kaplan,
cryptococcal infections
reiponse in this case is moretypical of glastomvcesbut the yeasts should have
Also, their walls can rarely
thi;k, double-contouredwalls and broad-bffiA'InE-and germtubes are occasionally seen-be carminophitie, and pseudohyphae
Alternaria spp- and other funli were also considered- AlthoughA$g$arfa has been
v/ere
cultured from several cases of facial mycosis in cats, the unitaifrdd-ddE-ctions
pigmented.
not thought to be naturally
Evaluation by fluorescent antibody techniques at CDCwere negative forCrvptococcussp.- Similar evaluation for Blaslor=nvc?s
:P. l3s not been completedTh!'lnycoiogy Division at CDCthinks tnat ffiifinoToglcally the fungus-mostclosely
(compatible
with a
Theyseelight pigmentation
resembles
a-pneonyphomycete.
fungus)and pleomorphichyphalfragmentsand germtubes and sore
dermatiaeeous
pleomorphic
yeasti. This fungal morphology
coupledwith the tissue responseis
and
DrechsLeria
to
cases
of
several
similar
Allg,rna,riathey haveseen. Further
eva1uationsarebeingmade,ffiracuI[[i6ffihecausativeorganiSm'a
definitive
diagnosis cannot be made-
Contributor. Syntex Research
, 34oI Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, California 94j04.
Suqqestedreadino.
Betty' M- J-: Spontaneous
cryptococcal meningitis in a group of guinea pigs
causedby_a hyphae-producing
strain- J- comp.pa[n. g7t j77:3g2, r97i.
c h a n d l er, F - .-.;K a p l a n -Irr"and
, Ajello, L- : cor or Atlas and Text of the
Histopathologyof^ wMycotic
Diseases- frolfe-Med.pub. Ltd., rggo.
E r n m o n cs, w .; B i n fo rd , c. H .; Utz, J. p- et al.: M edicalM ycol0gy.
3rd Ed.,
Lea & Febiger, 1977N o b l e ' R ' c',, a n 9 F a j a rd o r L ._F:: Pr im ar ycutaneous
morphologicstudy- Am. J_ Clin- path. 57: 13'-22,L972. cr yptococcus:Reviewand
: B -'? l d ch a n d l e r,
pnaeonyJnor y"or and
is cr yptococcosis
. s i s k , Dpathin a
[:-w.:
catVat.
19: 554-556,I9B2S o u s a ,c' A '; Ih rke , P - i ., a nd Culber tson,R- : Subcutaneous
phaeohyp hom y eos i s
(stemphyriyr.rp-_lno cradospotiur
sp. infections) in a cat. J. Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc- 185(6)z 67j-675, I9B:4w i r k i n s o n , G. T .: F e l i n e e ryptococeosis:A r eview and
sevencase r epor ts - J .
Sm-Anim. Pract- 20: 749-769,1979-
Casg-II-- Path-gr AFAMRL
(AFrp l946]t6\_
Hia
Gross Findings-
invoTffiElffiE
This animal had generalized lymphadenopathy,but lung
seen.
contributo.'g*+ggs$+. Duodenitis,
granulomatous,
segmental,
severe,
-
Ouo
iology
compaliblewith llistoptasmacaps_u]atum.
tr ansm ur al,m ultifocal, sever e, w i th
_ _ AFIP?ieonosi:r_Enteritis, granulomatous,
numerous
intracellular yeasts, small intestine, basset hound,canine; etiology
-compatiblewith Histoplasmg
capsulatym
Comment- Pulmonarydisease is the most commonform of infection
by Histoolasma
sF ?
aryg-astrointestina]infectionhasbeencrinicaiiv.[l.ffi#*( e?s:um
l t sPo rf i m
experimental infection
by the oral route have been equivocal (Barsanti,
1984).- The organism is infective piimarily foi macrophagesand stimulates
a marked
r e t i c u l e n d o t h e l i a l ( R E ) r e s p o n s ew i t h l i t t i e a s s o c i a t e d i e c r o s i s ( u n l i k e
Jg}gOlasma)-- rnis RE response is similar to that seen in visceral leishmaniasis;
p r e s e n e eo f B a r r . b o d i e s ( k i n e t o p l a s t s ) i n t h e i n L r a h i s t i o c y i i i - a m a s t i g o t e J - - - - differentiates it from Histoplasma- African histoplasmosii eauseo by Histoolasma
9uboysiiis.rare1yseen-o[fsffiTthatcontinentandiscnaractJiiieoffi
j
yeasts which are larger than H. gapsulatur-nand which display
"hourglass"-like
buddingContributor. AFAMRL/THP,
Bldg. 79, Area B, fVright Patterson AFB, OH 4543j.
- 2 -
Ssqested rea9inqBarsanti, J- A.: Histoplasmosis. In Clinical Microbiologyand Infectious
Diseasesof the Oog-and-Cai: Creene,Cl-e., Editor, Chapt- 43, Saunder& Co.'
p. 687.
-L984,
e i h f o r d , C . H -, a n d C o n n o r,D. H., Eds- :. Pathologyof Tr opical and
E x t r a o r d i n ai yD i se i se s- V o 1 . 2 , Chapt. I( 12) ' AFIP' L975, p. 578.
D i l l o n , A . R . e t a l " : C a n i neabdominalhistoplasm osis:A r epor t of four
cases. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. I8: 498-502, 1982.
E m m o ns,
C . 1 ri .;B i n fo rd , C . H .; Utz, J- P. et al.: MedicalMycology. 3r d Ed.'
Chapt.
' St a 2O,
r k , Lea & Febiger' 1977.
D . R .: p ri ma i y g a strointestinal histoplasmosisin a cat. J. Am. Ani m Hosp. Assoc. 18: 154-156,1982.
St i c k 1 e, J. E ., a n d H ri b e rn i k, T. N- : Clinicopathologicalobser vation si n
disseminatedhistoplasmosisin dogs. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 14: 105-110' 1978-
Case III
- 84-4894 (AFIP 1946244).
signs of gastroenteritis
Gross Findings.
-old, female, collie,
for two weeks.
canine dog, which had
Dehydration and severe ulcerative colitis.
l{hipwormswere
present in the caecumand proximal colon. Manyvariably-sized noduleswere
distributed in the myocardium.Similar noduleswere also observedin the Ilver,
kidney, and mesentery. Algae were present in the heart, liver, colon, kidney,
lung, brain, and mesentericlymphnodes.
Laboratorv Results. Microbiological exam: Erolothecagopfii was isolated from
the heart and kidney. Clinical pathologic exam: The CBCwas in normal range
except for a moderateeosinophilia. Parasitological exam:fecal flotation was
positive for whipworm
eggs"
coll
Myocarditis, necrotizing, multifocal, severe, heart,
Qoltr-ibutor'-s__Q1qE1qq!q.
sp.'
AFIP Diaqnosis. Myodegeneration
and neerosis, m ultifocal, m oder ate,with
numerousintralesional algae, myocardium,
collie, eanine; etlology - -P_fe!g!hqc_e
sp.
Comment-Host infllammatoryresponsewas generally absent. Only rarely was a
minifrEtffirophilic
responseseen.' In many6asesof disseminatedbrotothbcosis,
animals have had preexisting or intercurrent disease which mayhave increasedhost
susceptibility- Furthermore,it has been conjectured that high serum
eoncentrationsof Prototheca-soecific immunoqlobin
mavcausea blockadeof cell
(Cox,
mediatedimmunity,n:GT[Ti'iig the entrance aid establishment of Prsr_totheca
L974).Anotherpossib1epathogeneticmechanismhasbeenreporteE'.@ioand
co-workerswhoobserveda deficiency in host neutrophils to destroy Protothega
after phagocytosis. This deficiency appearedspecific for prototheca, as
destructlon of several species of bacteria was readily accofi!'IGfrilffi tne
neutrophils of the samehost. In cutaneouscases of protothecosis in the dog and
cat mly P. wickerhFmii, which is smaller than P. zopfi], has been isolated. In
dogs, corTle6-d5Jfr":E6-'liivea greater susceptiniTltTfiother breeds (Tyler, 1984).
- 3 -
Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, University of Kentucky, 1429
Contributor.
ruewudilii'ffixington,
Kentucky 40511.
Suoqested_reading.
Cook, J- R-; Tyler, D. E.; Coulter, D- B. et al.:
D i s s e m i n a t e dp r o t o t h e c o s i s
causing acute blindness and deafness in a dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 184:
I266-L272, 1984C o x , E . G . ; i r { i 1 s o n ,J . D . , a n d B r o w n , P . : p r o t o t h e c o s i s : A c a s e o f
disseminated algal infection.
Lancet 2z 379-382, I974I m e s , G . D - ; L l o y d , J . C . ; B r i g h t m a n , M - D - : D i s s e m i n a t e dp r o t o t h e c o s i s i n a
dog. 0nderstepoort J- Vet. Res. 442 I-6, 1977.
l v l e r i d e t h , R . E . ; G w i n , R . M . ; S a m u e l s o n ,D . A . et al.:
Systemicpr ototh ec os i s
with ocular manifestations in a dog. J- Am- Anim- Hosp. Assoc. 2Oz 157-156,I9A4.
M i g a k i , G . ; F o n t , R - L . 1 S a u e r , R . t * , t e. t a l . :
Canineprotothecosis: Reviewof
the literature and report of an additional case. J. Am.Vet. M ed.Assoc.18 1:
794-797,I98?.
TyJ.erD
, . E - : Protothecosis" In clinical Microbiological and rnfectious
Diseasesof the Doo a n d C a t" Greer fl C. E., Chapt. 49, w: B. Saunder s.Co., Igg4,
p.747.
T y l e r r D - E .; L o ri n g , M. D .; Blue, J. L. et al.: Disseminated
pr otothee os i s
with central nervoussysteminvolvementin a dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. I75:
987-993, 1980.
Ve n e z i o ,F . f.;_ L a vo o , E .; l {i l liams, J. E. et al.: pr ogr essivepr otothec os i s .
Am. J. Clin. Path.
77; 485-49i, 1992.
CaseIV - LAIR,tl_6]q (AFrp I945Bo9).
pen.
It, male Megellanicpenguinfound dead in irs
Findingg-.-Tfrelewas serous atrophy of cardiac fat. Multiple small white
^ - Gross
toci were randomly distributed throughout the lung parenchyma- Large green powoery
fungal colonies were in the thoracic-and abdominal iir saci. There was greater
involvement of the left side.
Pneumonia,nectotizinggranu].omatous,mu1tifoca1,
s e v e r e r w l t h v a s e u L a r i n v a s i o n o f m y c o t i c h y p h a ea n d t h r o m b o s i s , l u n g , a v i a n .
Etiology - Asperqillus sp.
1) Necrogranulomas,heterophilic, multifocal, severe, with
--^^lilgPiggo9e+
olrruse
rungal hyphae, diffuse pulmonary congestion, and perivascular andinterstitial
e d e m a , . l u n g , M e g e l a n i cp e n l u i n , a v i a n . ' E t i o l o g y - - . o r p . t i b l e w i t h
son. 2) vasculifis and thromboiis, segmentat,i-evere,with fungal
$,ryi!]us.
hyphae, lung.
Comment- In most animars, fungal infections are usually secondary to other
frequentlyprimary; these birds are extremely-susceptible,
6spe.i.11yto iniection
by Asp-ergillu9sp. This could be due to lac-kof inherentimmunityt6 fungi; the
- 4 -
rnostsusceptible species, sea ducks and Antarctic penguins,are rarely exposedto
;;h iGai- in tne wifO. Another possibility is that lhese birds are naturally
a theory supported by the paucity of lymphoid tissue they possess.
immunosuipressed,
Early in Aspergillus infections of birds, there is an accumulationof
Since liquifaction necrosis is poorly
heterophils ii--filffii-parabronchi.
accomplishedin birds, the herterophil-filled parabronchiare surroundedby
granuiomatous
inflammationin an attempt to wall off the infection- Thesesites
are often resolved as discrete granulomasif the host lives long enough.
Elaboration of elastase by somestrains of &Egggi-Llw. &m,iqatus has been
correlated with its invasivenessin pulmonarytissues.
San Franciscot
Contributor-. LettermanArmyInstitute of Research,SGRD-ULV-P,
cariFffi4E.
Suqqested readino.
ehendlEi, F: Iv.l-kaplan, V'1.
i Ajello, L.: Color Atlas and Text of the
Histopathology of Myeotic Diseases. Chapt. 5, f{olfe Med. Pub. Ltd., 1980.
K o t h a r y , M . H . ; C h a s e , T . J r . ; M e M i 1 l a n ,J - D - ; C o r r e l a t i o n o f e l a s t a s e
production by some strains of Aslglg$lus fumigatus with ability to cause pulmonary
invasiveasp6rgi11osisinmieeffiz32a425'1984.
l.brtelmans, J.: Mycotic infections in captive wild mammalsand birds: Some
considerations on epizootiology, pathology, and prophylaxis. In The Comparative
P a t h o l o g y o f Z o o A n i m a l s . M o n t a l i , R . J - a n d M i g a k i , G . , E d s . , S m l t h s o n i a nI n s t .
Press, 1980, p. 277.
DAVrD
L - F R I T Z ,V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary Pathology
Departmentof Veterinary Pathology
- 5 -
Results
Slide Conference- No.
AFIP l,lednesday
1984
September
25
Conference lr'loderaJor: Ggorge_D-Imes' Jr-
c0L,vc, usA
DiPlomate ACVP
Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
V,lashington, DC 20346
CaseI - 82DL28(RrrP 1897187).
]tma1egoat.Thegoatwaseuthanatizedbecauseit
wasEiliftiEom pink eye and circled eonstantlyGross Patholoqy. Multiple soft raised areas approximately l/2 to I-L/2 em wide
werevrslore undfffhe pleural surface in the dorsal regions of both lungs. (Gross
photosA&Bto be forwarded.
) No exudatewasat the cut surface of the lesions-
Diaqlosis & Cgln$eil Pulmonarynematodiasis- Stellerlus
C_qnLqlb_Ulor's
cap-ffi
----fHifTondition
in goats and is not usually
appears to be fairly common
It
has
associated with suppurative
been
diseaseassociated with clinical
problem
in research goats purchased.for
may
be
a
significant
and
bronchopneumonia
It can be diagnosg9by
prolonged
anesthesia.
that
require
studies
cardiovascular
fecal examination and dlfferentiated from otner lungwormsof goats by the following
criteria:
P- rufescens
D. filaria
L capj]laris
Small bronchloles
Alveoli
E'iffifrF
Adult location
O.25- 0.13 m m
0.23 - 0.30 m m
0.55 - 0.58
Fecal larval lbngth
No dorsal spine
Dorsal
spine
Other larval characteristics
No middle ear or CNSleslons were found to account for the circling
behavior.
granulomatous, multifocal,
AFIP Dlaqnosis. Pneumonia,interstitial,
withffioIar,bronehio1ar,andbronchia1nematodeparasites,
brown and white, caprine, etiology - compatible with Muellerius sp.
Conferenee Note.
moderate,
lungt
A11 staqes of the parasite are seen in the lung parenchyma;
eggmembryona[ed'areuSUa11yseeninaIveo1i.Maturelarvaeare
m6it'commonin bronchiolei; they measureappioximately 10 micrometersln dlameter
and can be seen in someseitions to have both an eccentric tail tip, a short dorsal
ipine, and lateral alae. Adults are most frequently seen-in alveoli, oceasionally
in br6nchioles; females are approximately 55 mierometersin diameter and males
measureup to j5 micrometers. The di.ffeiential diagnosis includes D-ictvqcaulus
spp.r Muellerius sp., Br.gtogtrongylusspp. and Cystocaulussp- Adults of
9ictvgeayl.Ysand Cvstgcaulusare alrnost twice as large as the largest adult female
seen in this case- Adults of _Pfglgg!ryOgy1_q9
and Muelleflus are of similar size,
but1arvaeoftheformer1ack@or]ffiintnii_cJJJ._inii
parasite is morphologieally compatible with Muelrerius
S:apilraris
- Although manyauthors write that Muellerius is found primarily in subpleural
alveoli, and that this can be used tolJiTFfrffiiate
it frbm other' metastrbngiiJi,
this case demonstratesthat it can be found in the airways to the level of
bronchloles.
Contributor-. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, HersheyMedical Center,
eenngrFaiTEEte
u;it;;;iivl
Hershey, eennsyivania170i3.
Srqgesteg rgadinq.
Levlne' N' D-: Nematode
Parasites of DomesticAnimalsand of Man. 2nd Ed.,
Chapt- 7, Burgesspub., I9gO, p. Z4L.
Nimmo,J' s- : case repoit' - six cases of verminouspneumonia(Muellerius
.
sp. )
in goats. Can. VetJ. 20: 49-52, 1979.
Rose, J-: Site of
of the lungwormMuelte_tiuscapillaris in
experlmentally infected .developmen[
patn]
lambs.
J.
J. Comp.
ie: -*iln
oi r.roi
:fl::,":;^1.;o.
Comp.
Path. 69t??:1*Hrtal.infectibn
414-422, IgSg.
G.ir.iir. capirlaris.
stockdale, P.H-G-! Puimonaryp-athologyassociatedwith
metastrongyloid
infections. Br. Vet. J. I3Z: 595_:60g,tgle.
2-year-o
I.ilf:.!:9,|i!l
eiana
Tlffaa
Af
clrrn
alra.l^
^8!^^s
breed steer from a herd knownto
9V
Ug
be
bovine.viraldiarrheatevni-virus. Thesteer hadbeen
"
oI.-er.ii""r'*!rl'lE'"iiX#ll
n.iilis.o
virysonr-5.:anea.--rn-r,l.'.ili; -iEi"til5';rHdfii:
orrh..:--.-
-r;;;;'ffi;,ffiliJXt'iiarrhea,
;;;.i;ilio""".iiiXil
zeo-oy
,righi
H:s:::::::.y::ting^?InlI:ry
:lq'g9tei:
severe
*"tE'"vJii""n""-"io-il"ir.il";;;.;il'ioi"lnu
,:::'d:ly!1"!1ol:
_l!is
ltegl
l"d
prior
week
to necropsyon 16 Mar 94.
Ill*:^:!.Trl_?L!!D
Laboratorv Rgggl!*. cytopathic BVDvirus was isolated from
intestine. Blood
wasffivbriortodeath-reiisshowed:Virus.Io,24o
BVD-infectiousunits/ml 3eium (eell culture iniectious
nntioody: BVD
neutralizatlon tlter:. 4 [agalnst noncytopathicBVDvirusooseij.(Nebraskail:--,
BVDneutratlzation titert Ioz4 tagaini[-ivi.pit[ic
BlD virus (singer)].
Gross Pathologv... There were erosions and ulcers of the mucosae
the
i n t f f i i s s u e s . - i n " " " w e- r e u 1 c e r s o f t h e a b o m a--s u m _ a n d t h i c k e n i n g ooverlylng
f
the distal ileum, eeeum,and proximal colon.
- 2 -
l?l';"llhi[3??';Ji!3::'"'
,ro"
came*"i6 b"-.sistently infected with a in
it
rrom-wnich
This steer and the herd
antibody circuratlng
no-ligniiiint
noncytopatn:.cstrain of BvD virus. There ,".
of virus and no
strain
the steer directed against this persistent noncytopithic
the animar did
whether
known
clinicar signs nao iIsuited from-iniection. rt is'not was produeedand circulated
not produce antibody or if a smalf amountof antiOody
cytopathic BVDvirus or
complexedto BVO-viius. WnenehaflengeOwith a viruient,
(we
which cytopathic
are'unbertain
vaccinatedwith a modifieo, cytopatni" avo virus
BVD'
uirus is involved), tne animai developedsigns of chronic
AFIP Diaqnoses. l) Ulceration, focally-extensive' severe'.with a
ribrffisiudomembrane'.smal1ihtestine,bovine..2.)Enteritis'
fiOiinosubburative,'subacute,difiuse, moderateto severe, with moderatevillous
atrophy, blunting and fusion, small intestine, bovine'
#
ConferenceNote. Basedupon the histologic sections examined,conference
atteffietermineifthemucosa1-u]cerationofthesmal1intestinewas
located over a necrotic Peyer's pateh. Lymphoidnecrosis was not obvious' and the
abundanttymphocytespresent in the submutosaappearedessentially-normal. The
contributoi, however,included focal necrosis of lymphoidnodules in the
morphologicdiagnosis. Conferenceattendees thought that the numerous
intialesional niutrophils were probably due to secondarybacterial infection.
SeveraLstudies have identified a small proportion of cattle seronegative to BVD-MD
virus in seropositive herds and have further found that mucosal-diseasedeaths
occurred only ln these animals, sometimesmanymonthsIater. It has been suggested
that mucosal-dlsease might be the result of immunetolerance established as a
result of lntrauterine infections- Several studies have supported this but it
remainsunproven(Roeder,Drew, 1984)Antlgen-localization studies have shownthat the major areas of antigen
concentratlon are the sameas the areas with the most markedpathomorphological
changes- the lymphoid tissues of the distal ileum and proximal colon. Since
infectlons of animals by the alimentary route seemsunlikely, it has been suggested
that infection is primarily via the respiratory tract, and that disseminationto
phagocytesystem
various tissues is carried out by eells of the mononuclear
( O h m a n nf 9
, 8r).
Contributor_. National Animal DiseaseCenter, P.0. Box 70, Ames,Iowa 50010.
Suooestedreadino.
Brownlie, J.i Clarke, M. C., and HowardC. J.: Experimentalproduction of
fatal mucosaldisease in cattle. Vet. Rec. 114z 535-536, 1984.
C u t l i p , R . C .; McC l u rki n ,A . l,{ ., and Cor ia, M . F.: Lesionsin clinicall y
healthy cattle persistently infected with the virus of bovine virus diarrhea glomerulonephritis and encephalitis- Am-J. Vet. Res. 41: I918-I94I, 1980.
L l e s s , B .; F re y, H . R .; Orb ansHafez, S- M .: Bovinevir us dlar r hoe ( BVD ).rrMucosalDisease": Persistink BVDFeldvirus infektionen bei serologische
selektierten Rindern. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wschr.90: 26I-266, I98t.
- 3 -
Ohmannr
H. B.: Pathogenesisof bovine viral diarrhoea -mucosaldisease and
significanee of BVDVantigen in diseasedealves. Res. Vet. Sci. 14: 5-10, I98tRoeder,P. L., and Drew, T. W.: Mucosaldisease of cattle: A late sequel to
fetal infectlon.
Vet. Rec. 114z 309-313, 1984.
R o t h ' J . A .; K a e b e rl e ,M. L ., and Gr iffith, R" W .: Effects of vir al diar r hea
virus infection on bovine polymorphonuelear
leukocyte infection. Am. J. Vet. Res.
42-. 244-?5O,1981.
a A-year-old female Hampshiresheep. Eight of l0 sheep
becameiIl about 35 hours after initial accessto a newand weedy
pasture. Clinieal signs included salivation, m ydr iasis, tr em or s, ataxia, an d
paresis. Within four days, 5 of 8 died.
Laboratorv &Sg$s.
in e@Iiii*
Pertinent
-i j.
laboratory
-ii6tnenuriadata on admission included elevations
c-e.ajl-i"J
_-_ 9IgsF.latnofogvt
{idneys bilaterally swollen, pale, moist, fluctuant. Art
eoge
or kloney molst with
radially arrangedtannish-white opaqueflecks in cortex.
Urine transparent, virtually eoloiless. necrosl.s; renal
Rumexcrispus.
of :-. Hlret'rlngent erystals of oxalate were present in the rumenalmucosabut were
not observedin other loci of the body. Br4rc-x.iiipur i;;rt
Jtcx) was abundantin
the pasture and had been extensivery lrazEffi EFffiep.
rne ieri,inii ioriage or
the Rr-rnex
contained rr% oxarate expieised as 6xalic acid.
"!:':""Bil!Ii".ilil-l::ii:l3::"ffi"?:#
AFIP Diaqnosls- Nephrosis,diffuse, moderate,with moderatediffuse
dilation
of e6TE]EETTUEIIEand'Bowmanis.spaces,
intialubu]ar ano intiaductal birefringent
crystals' and medullary eosinophilic caits, Hampshire,ovine, etiolJgv---"orp"iior.
with oxalate toxicosis.
Tl. most.common
causesof oxarosis are ingestion of
^.,^.,cgqfeEFg=Totg-.
oxarate-containing
plants (ruminants) and ethylene glycol. Als6, oxalate crystals
are often seen in 8lPglgillus-niger infectioni ano iav oe tne-iource
t o x i c o s i s . I n t h e @ d o x a 1 a t e s m a y b e d e g r a d e d t o c a r b o n a t e s a n dof systemic
bicarbonates, mayprecipitaie ai ealcium oxalate ind remainwith the feces,
or may
be absorbedinto the bloodstreamand tissues where it binds with ionic
calcium
to
prOduceinsoluble calcium oxalate. The net result is
often a-jrecipitous
hypocalcemiato which several pathological processescan be attributed:
hyperglycemiamaybe attributable to [ne effect of low serumca]cium
on insulin
secretion; inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase
maybe a signiiicant faetor in
death (Simensen,1980); and there may6e iiterferenee with the essential
roles of
calcium and magnesium
ln oxidative pirosphorylation at the cellular level (Van
Kampen'James,1969). A secondproblem'is lnat of crystariiiifion
of calcium
oxalates in vesseLwalls eausing vascular necrosis
n"*o";;;;", and in renal
"ni
- 4 -
tubules and ducts causing blockage and necrosis. An interesting study by Van
Kampen
and Jamesshowedcrystal deposition at different 1evels of the renal
collecting ducts and tubules at different time intervals after ingestion of
Haloqetonby sheep.
Contributql=. College of Veterinary Medicine, OklahomaState University,
stilTffi'hona
tqite.
Suqqestedreadino.
@er,G.D.,andVanGe1der,G.A.:C1in1ca1andDiagnostic
Veterinary
Toxicology. 2nd Ed., Kendall Hunt, 1976, p. 121.
D
i
c
k
i
e
'
C - yt-i H a ma n nM.
' H .; Car r oll, w. D- et.al.: oxalate Rumex
venos us
polsoning in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 17i(r): 7i-74,-riza_-';'=:==:=
s h u p e ' J- L .,.a n d .Ja me s, F .: Additional physiopatnoiogicchangesin
HalogFlonglons,rg.tqs(oxalate)!. poisoning in sheep.- cornell vet. sgz -al-ss, Lg6g.
Slmesen'M- G-: Calcium, phosphorui,and magnesium
metabolism. In Clinical
Biochemistryof DomesticAnifials.'frd, Ed., J.Ji Kaneko,roitor, ih.Ff.-i;','---'
AcademicPress, 1980, p. 591.
Kampen,f- !-, and James,L. F.: Aeute Halogetonpoisoning of sheep:
Pathogenesisof lesions. Am. J. vet. Res. i0(10): titg-,ttl3,-l.geg.
ry_=7U2-' (AFrP
a male bovine fetus aborted approximately 6 weeks
prema
v . -The damappearednormal prior to abortion'and had no clinical
evidence of disease after expulsion of the fetus.
Gross Pathology-,
fetus.had massiveaseites and hemoperitoneum.Numerous
o t s c f f i 1 e s m e a s u r i n g-The
fromsevera1mi1Iimeterstocentimetersin
diameter were attached to the parietal and viiceral peritoneum. other g"o""
changeswere not observeda comme?t.Mesothelioma,congeniLal, bovine.
W?gnosis.
Mesof,'nerloma
is the most commonlydiagnosedcongenital tumor in calves. The
greatest incidenee is observedin fetal and neonatai calves but reporls
oi
mesotheliomain older cattle have been documented. Peritoneal mesotheliomas
-- may
'-!
take either of Lwohistological forms, predominantlyfibrous resembling;
fibrosareomaor papillary mimict<inga'papillary adenocarcinomaAFIP Diamosis.
lvlesothelioma,
abdominalperitoneum,Holstein fetus, bovine.
\ote.- . Conference-
Mesothelial cells are similar in structure and function to
epltherral and endothellalcells but are of mesodermal
origin. Majordiagnostic
problemscan arise whenmesotheliomas
mustbe differentiat6O from 6pithelial
neoplasms.Ultrastrueturally, mesotheliomas
possessmicrovilli and desmosomes
characteristlc of epithelial cells. Usingimmunocytochemical
techniques,Warhol
has recently shownthat cel1s of human
mesotheliomis
also contain abundantkeratin,
and that they irregularly expresscarcinoembryonic
antigen (cEA), markers
heretoforethought uniqueto epithelial cetls.
- 5 -
rn differentiating mesotheliomas
from earcinomas
by light microscopy,several
staining
characteristics
have
beensuggestedUVtne Oepartments
lPeeial
of Chemical
Pathologyand prllmonaryand MediastinarpathoiJgy, AFIp.
Carcinoma
Mesothelioma
1 ) PffiIEive-diastase
sensiti ve
I) PASpositive-diastase sensitive
presence
to
glycogen.
of
to the presenceof glycogen.
9gg
lhe
a\ due
2 ) PASpositive-diastaseresistint due z)
(ooes not produceepithelial
to production of epithelial
mucin.
mucin) .
Therefore, the p^resence
of PASpositive-diastase resistant material should rule out
the diagnosis of mesothelioma.
3) Colloidal iron (At1p)positive due to 3) Colloidal
iron (AMp) positive
production of mucopolysaccharides.
production
4) Hyaluronidaseresistant - mucopoly_ 4)
saccharide is not hyaluronic abiO.
5) Alcian-blue positive material
should be seen.
5) Cells more pleomorphic.
7) Nuclei more irregular.
8) More likely to f6rm acinar
structures-
im8-ffi$
5)
6)
7)
8)
due to
of mucopoly_
saccharides.
Hyaluronidase sensitive hyaluronic acid
acid.
Aleian-blue positive material
should be seen.
Cells less pleomorphic.
Nuclei more regular.
Less }ikely to form acinar
structures.
wthoutdiastase.
2. AMPwith and without hyaluronidase.
f. Alcian blue-
Theguidelinesmay-behelpful but results mustbe interpreted
with great care
due.to the manyvariables involvedin speeiai siaining-t..hliqr"..
stains wereusedon this r{sccase, but the results wereequivocar. Theabove
*"b.wVeterinaryDiagnosticCenter,UniversityofNebraska,Linco1n,
ffisotherioma
in the c a l f .
Path. Vet- 4: 149.156,
1967.
H a r b i s o n , M . L . a n d G o d l e s k i , J . J . : Malignant mesothelioma
in
urban
dogs.
Vet. Path- 2Oz 5rL-54O, l9gj"
papadimittigu,
Henderson' DJ. M.: Ultrastructurar Appearanceso f
!:r lnd
t,tol::-_A_Diagnostic
Atras- churchirr't-ivingitone,
L982, p. r09.
tt: lumo19
in newboi;
;;il"i;.- F;fi.'-i";:";i
-ru.opi*ir-in-6]ii,".'?Eo.
\ialiit, re6'.
Ii:*Itr
schambe.r,
c- J. I olsonl,c.,ino-witl,-1.
E:i
!gggyg.). Vet. path. 19:t 529-537,, 1982.
t rc ) -
\/ot
nalh
warhol, M- J-:
1 o.
z.)6
.21
l A6A
4'
'
eqa
Yv
The urtrastrueturar rocarization of keratin proteins
and
carcinoembryonic antigen in malignant mesotheliomas. Am.
J. path. 116(3) z 3g5-39O,
lL984.
gRlLDAVIDL. FRITZ,V_M .D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary pathology
Departmentof Veterinary patholilgy
- 5 -
Results
Slide Conference- No' 4
AFIP Wednesday
3 October 1984
Conferencelr4odsrator: John M. Langloss, DVM,PhD
Diplomate ACVP
Chief, Division of Immunopathology
Washington,DC 20306
had
ffiear-o1dma1ecastratedcockerspanie1.Thedog
ive massin the right ear canal with purulent exudate- The masswas
a p
reinovedin May 1981 with regrowth removedin Dee 1981. The dog presented in-May
Radiographsrevealed osteolytic lesion of C5. Cervical
1982 wlth tetiaparesis.
myelogramindlcated space-occupyingmassin the lateral spinal canal. at C5. The
dog was euthanatlzed at ownexrequest.
Gross Patholoov- The rioht venous sinus at the C5 is dilated and filled
gramctingiitotnespina1cana1andcompressingthecord.
wlth
Laboratory ResuLts- Results of all serum ehemistry, hematologic and urlnary
limits.
analffiar
rs D
.
l,letastatic
chemodectomato the flfth
Chemodectoma
was diagnosedin the first and secondbiopsy surgieal temoval'
neoplastic cells arranged in nests or
based on the round ovoid eplthelial-like
cJ.usters, assoeiated or separated by dellcate fibers or blood spaces. This tumor
have been
orlginatlng from the ear canal is unusual, inasmuchas chemodectomas
pulmonary
found in the earotid, aorttc and
bodies and occasionally in the urinary
bladder.
$FIP Diaonosis- Mal.ignantneoplasm,vertebial body, eoeker spaniel, canineConferenceJlote_oThe attendees' differential diagnosis included mast cell
tumffiemodectomA),andp1asmace11tumor(mye1oma).Insome
sections, the morphologyof the tumor cells resemblesthat of mast ceLJsl however'
nunerousspecial stains failed to yield conelusive results.
Someconference attendees thought that the tumor cells were packeted by fine
fibrovascular septa, whiJ.eothers thought this septal network was probably the
sinusoidal septa normalJ.yfound in the medullary cavity. A Churukian and Sehenk
The
silver stain failed to demonstrateargyrophilic granules in the cells.
Departmentof Endocrine Pathology, AFIP, thought this neoplasmis of neuroendocrine
origin-
It4ostconfereneeattendees thought that, basedon the morphologyof the
neoplastic cells and the radiolucencies in the affected cervical veterbrae, a
diagnosis of myelomaeould be made. However,most neoplastic cells lack e6centric
nuclei, a perinuclear Golgi haIo, and heterochromatinpatterns typical of plasma
cells- Elnvf--gleen-pyronin staining is often helpful in demonsliating nruiiin tne
copious rER of plasmacells. Best results in bone sections would be oStained using
EDTAas the decalcifying agent.
Contributor- The Animal Medical center, 510 East 62 street, Newyork, Newyork
1002r---
SuqgegtedreadinL
Pa t n a i k , A - K .; tIu , S . K ; Hurvitz, A. I. et a1.: Caninechemodectoma
(. extra-adrenal paragangitomas
) -- a comparativestudy. J- Sm- Anim_pract_ 15:
785-801, 1975.
F b t n a i k , A - K -; L o rd , P- F., and Liu, S. K.: Chemodectoma
of the urinary
bladder in a dog. J. Am. Vet- Med. Assoc- 164l. 797-BOO,1974.
Pa t n a i k , A - K - e t a l .: Extracutaneousmast cell tumor in the dog_ Vet. path_
19: 508-515, I9BZ.
II-
AFIP
a 30-pound 9-year-old male springer spaniel canine_
3:g^:?:^?*:"l!:o y1!! :_z:yearhistory-of enroniJ-pvob.*i.-il; ;;;";il;;
alopecia, and rapid weight lois.
vv.v
This
P,
The dbg was'ireated with antibioties but
developeda respiratory-infeetion and wai euthanatizedat the owner's request.
The dog had bilateral alopecia, calcinosis cutis and an
,- 9lPis PathoJogvurcelative
pyoderma
of the faee, lqg: and lateral thorax- The fung-iobJJ ,J".
firm, red-brownand contalnedmultiife
Oar[-r.O-g""V foci filled with purulent
material. The conductingairways wbre filled wi[n
ir-ia"gJ, oart
6urulint-.iro.t".
brown,irregurar masswai preseht in tne irea oi tni-pilrii"rv'o0x8x7
mm)and
complessed
the hypothalamus-The adrenal glands y/ereuiratJilrry enrarg"i
,itn
thickened, nodular eortical tissue. rne pirithyroid grands-were
moderately
enlarged.
Laboratorvtgggl!+ At presentation, the referring veterinarian observed
that
tniffiutoe!losis,e1evatea-."",'a]ka1inephosphatase,a1anine
aminotransferase,
and'cholesterol,'but n"it-normal BUNand'ereatj.nine. Its urine
specific gravity- was_verylow (1-005), "oio-not respondto water
--in"cteprivatlon, but
did increase to 1-015 wiln tne vasopressintest (;Ia;ilinj.
oyrnersrefused
further tests or treatment whenthe' respii.6;t ihfection developed
shorgy
thereafter.
- 2 -
contributor,s
*lt
hypothalamus,
j--EornCIgnt.chromophobeadenomain the pars .distalis,
Dia-s1qsi-gand
ession of the neurohypophysis
pituitaryr
dog-
.
!__^t ___!r^^1 ,-.,aararr
tumor this dog had bilateral eortieal hyperplasia
In addition io-tne'|ituitary
'an
uleerltive dermatiti6 with epidermal atrophy and-dermal
of its adrenal glands,
minerallzation,-*ifo-p"iathyroid gland hyperplasia, markedlymphoiddepletion of
and'lymphnodes, and a-severe, chronic active, suppurative
iil-"pi""n
This dog probably
fibrosis.
absc6ssation and interstitial
Uionenopneumonia'with
(ACTH-seereting).adenoma
of the
had an endocrinologlcally active corticotroph
pituitary
tnit resulted in an almost classical presentation of
aOenonypophysis
hyperadrenoeorticism (canine Cushing's syndrome).. RegretfuJ'lyt
OepenO-eht'
pituitary-abrenocortical function tests were not performedl howeverr the
morpnolo"glcallesions observed at necropsy are typicgl for this-syndmme.. This
dogis clinleal signs of diabetes insipidus were likely the result of the tumor
Oeitioying the noimal adenohypophysis,neurohypophysi!.andhypothalamus(Capen'
C.C., igZ6 anO1983)- This iyndrbmeof long term cortisol excess is often
eompiicatedby severe bacteribl infections.-This was seen in this case' with a
the final outcomesevere suppurative bronchopneumonia
adenoma,pituitary
AFIP Dlagnosis. Chromophobe
gJ.and,Springer spaniel, canine-
stains revealed that the tumor cel1s were
ConferenceNote. Immunohistochemical
[email protected]].adenohypophysissituatedaroundthe
Similar staining procedures to detect
bOgeof lhe mass v{ere produelng prolactin.
the pltultary gJ.ycoproteinhormones(TSH, FSH, LH) are often unrewarding; these
beta chain which frequently leads to cross reaetivity.
hormonesshare-a common
ContribuLo_g- Departmentof Pathology, University of Maryland School of
l'4ediEil-Edltlrnore, MarylandSugoestedreadinq.
ffirsoftheendocrineg1ands-Chapt-12'ILtTumorsin
DomesticAnimals, Moulton, J. E. (ed-),2nd-Ed., Revised, Univfflty of California
Press, Berkeley, 1978, pp. 372-429.
Capen, C. C.: The pituitary, overview- In Pathology of Laboratory Anlmals EndocrineSystem. Jones, T- C., Mohr, U., HunE,R. D., (eds.), Internatlonal LIfe
Seiences Institute, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, I98t, pp. 99-I2O.
Chalifoux, L- V-; Maekey,J- J-, and King, N. w.: A sparsely granulated'
nonsecreting adenomaof the pars intermedia associated with galactorrhea in a male
rhesus monkey(MacacamuLatta). Vet. Path. 20: 54I-547, 1983^
and
Charpin, C.; HasEoun,J- et a1-: Immunohistochemical
associated with Cushing's
lnmunoelectron-microscopicstudy of pituitary adenomas
dlsease. An. J. Path. 109: l-7, L982.
- an
DeStephano,D. B.; LJ.oyd,R. V.; Pike, A. M- et al-: Pituitary adenoma
pxoductionandchmmogranin
loca1izatlon. Am.
lmmtrnohistochemical
study of hormone
Path.
J.
L16: 464-472,1984.
associated with diabetes
Dunbar, M. J!., and frlard,B. C.: Hyperadenoeorticism
incipidus and hypothyroidism in a dog. J. Am- Anim. Hosp- Assoc. l8z 737-741' 1982.
Peterson, M. E.: Hyperadrenocortieism. Small Anim- Pract. IA(t)z 73I-749,
1984.
in a
Tsuchitani, M., and Narama,I.:
Pituitary thyrotroph cell adenoma
Vet- Path. ZLz 444-447, 1984Cynomolgusmonkey(Macacafaseicularis)-
- 3 -
rrr - 8t-2189r, 8t-2I89 rr (ALrf
niitbiv.
littEfmTFin
L947
rvl >
incl
Jr rt,JLlugv.,
J-IUE
EM
slide
-
kltEen: Three of five
Tissue from a 3-weekafter exhibiting mouth
hours
a purebredcattery died within 24
e Pers
I'co1df'. Twokittens
r01
for
submlEEeo
kittens were submitted
breathing and lethargy, i.e. signs of a I'co1df'.
one
the
litter
(1
into
introduced
weekolder) had been
necropsynecroosvl A foster k[itten
died.
first
animals
3
weekprLviousLy. It died 4 days after the
Both kittens were fat and hydrated- One kitten had numerous
cfo_s,s__Ba_t!1a]o€y"ora1ffiu1eersonthetongue-Bothhad1argeconf1uentareasof
in the Iung.
consolidation and pneumon5.a
Contributorrs Diaonosis & CommentPneumonia,necrotic and proliferative, subaeute,multifocal, severer lung.
Necrosis, acute, multifocal, moderate, Iiver with numerousCowdryType A
intranuclear lneluslons ln hepatocytes.
The initial presentation of this case eorrespondswith the respiratory feline
viral rhinotraeheitis syndrome. However,due to the age and relatively irmature
immunologiealstatus of these kittens, they rapidly developeda fulminating
systemic disease with charaeteristic multifocal areas of parenchymaleell necrosis
in several visceral organs- The electron micrographsdemonstratenurerous
particles within the nueleus, budding through the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte and
free within the spaee of Disse. The nuclear particles have an average diameter of
I05 nm consisting of a central dense eore surroundedby a clear zone boundedby an
outer rembrane. Cytoplasmlc partieles have an average diameter of 151 nm and are
boundedby an additional clear zone surroundedby another membrane.
AFIP Piaongses. 1) Pleuropneumonia,
fibrinous, necrotizing, subacute, diffuse,
severe, with multifocal moderatearteritis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies, lung, Persian, feline. 2) Necrosis, hepatocellular, multifocal, mild to
moderate, with eosinophilic intranuclear inelusion bodies, J.iver, etiology compatible with feline herpesvirus.
Conferencel*,lote. Confereneeattendees discussed feline calieivirus (FCV) as a
[email protected],morece1]u1ar,
and.frequently have hyperplaiia and hypertrophy of Type II pneum6iytes. Vasculai
leslons are not typically seen, nor is overt'systemib disease. oub to the ftnding
of lingual ulcers at necropsyr the possibility-of a dual (FCVand t-terpes)lniection
was dlscussed, although oral ulcers are oecasionally seen with herpesvlrus
infections alone.
Herpesviruses-are highly cdll-associated; they can mature intracellularly and
spread eontlguously from cell to cell avoiding exiosure to circulating antibodies.
Thesecharacteristics are responsible for the-pooi lmmunify wnicn tofiowJ-JipJsrre
to.this agent- Loeal production of IgA-is thought to be of importance, and new
evidence suggests an actlve role for 6e11-media[eoirnmuniiv. isolatlon of the
virus from the trigeminal ganglia of cats suggests tneie-miy be persistence
of the
virus in
a latent formstmitai to that seenii bovinesanonumini-iru.iiisEllgaz>.
Contributor- Comparative
-piovins
Pathology Braneh,
-uirvrano
US Army ResearchInstitute
cnemT6ell-Dffid,noeioeJn
cr6lnol
21010.
- 4 -
of
SuqgestedreadinqffiGreene,C.E.:Fe1inereSpiratorydiseases.In
Mierobiolo6y and infectious oisiases of the oog airOCat." Chapt. ,0, F-E- Gteene,
Ed i t o r , S a u n d e rs,1 9 8 4 , p . 5 2 7 .
Gaskell, R. M-, and Povey, R. C.: Transmissionof feline viral
Vet. Rec. l,LIz 359-362, 1982rhinotracheitis.
Gaskell, R. M.: The natural history of the major feline viral diseases.
J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 25: 159-172, 1984.
Nasisse, M- D.: Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatmentof 0cular Herpesvirus
Infectlons in the Cat. Compendon Cont. Educ. 4z 962-97011982Povey, R. C.: A review of feline viral rhinotraeheitis (fel.ine herpesvirus I
infection).
Comp-Immunol.Microbiol- Infect. Dis- 2: t77-t87, 1979.
IV-
t
I Jl)Ll.
an lI-year-old male terrier cross dog. Suddenonset of
a massln the ventral neck region was seen 3-4 monthsprior to presentation.
An asplrate of the mass produceda large volume of serosanguinousfluld.
The mass
was removedsurgically but recurred 2 monthsafter suxgery, at which time the dog
was euthanatlzed.
Gross Patholoqv- At necropsy the neoplasmwas found to have metastaslzed to
regiffi,
but distbnt metastaseswere not noted.
Contrlbutor I
a Malignant mixed thyroid tumor-
umorsare mole cornmon
in dogs than in humans(where
they are conslderedto be rare)- Someauthors makea distinction betweenthe terms
malignant ml.xedtumor (wherethe epithelial and mesenchymal
eLementsare separate)
(wherethese two components
and carcinosarcoma
ate moreclosely intermixed). In
thls particular case, the glandular and mesenchymal
components
seemed,for the most
part' to reside in separateregions of the tumor. Althoughnot present within
every section, both osteoid and cartilage were foundwithin the sarcomatous
r€gions.
AFIPPiaqnosis- Malignantmixedneoplasm,thyroid, with metastasesto lymph
nodeand lung, terrler cross, canine.
Conferenee
Note. Thereis variation in the tissues presentl somemicroslides
tnc1ffiymphnodeand/or1ung,andinsome!hereareremnantsof
normalthyroid along the marginsof the tumor- Theamountof osseousand
cartilagenousdifferentiation also varies, but squamous
differentiation is
consistent in most sections. Someattendeesnoted what appearedto be empty
abortive foLlicres withln the epithelial areas of the neoplasms.
Immunohlstochemieal
stains for thyroglobulin and calcitonin wete negativeA recent study by lvlooreet a1., suggeststhat only eareinomas
with iollicular
patterns showany consistencyin immunopositivityfor thyroglobulin.
lulostcarcinomasmetastasizevia lymphaticsand are usually first detectedin
draining lymphnodes. Thyroid carcinomasare loeally invasivb; early invasion of
cranial and caudal thyroid veins will result in multiple pulmonarymbtastases
' 5 -
before i.nvolvementof ioeal lymph nodes is seen. Mixed neoplasmsare morbcommonly
seen i.n the mammary
and salivary glandsContributor= Bushy Run ResearchCenter, R . D . 4 , M e l l o n R o a d , E x p o r t ,
(-submittedfor the FDAieenrffi=2.
SuoqestedreadinqBr o d e y , R. S ., a n d K e l l y, D - F.: Thyr oid neoplasmsin the dog - a
clinicopathologic study of fifty-seven cases. Cancer 22: 406-l+16,1958.
fuergelt, C. D.: Mixed thyroid tumors in two dogs- J- Am- Vet. Med. Assoc.
L52t I658-I66t,1968.
Johnson,J. A., and Patterson, J" M.: Multifoeal myxedema
and mixed thyroid
neoplasmin a dog. Vet. Path. 18: ll-20, 19glL e a v r I - ; S ch i l l e r, A . L .; R i j nber k, A. et a1- : Adenomas
and car cinomasof the
canine and feline thyroid. Am. J. path. g3: 6I-93, 1976.
l'lason, R., and l{ellsr H. G.: 0n the occurrence of true ririxedcarclnomatousand
sareomatoustumors (sarcocareinoma)with report of a mixed earcinoma-chondrosareoma
of the thyroid of a dog. J. Canc. Res. lJ: ZA7-2I7, IgZg^
oglobulinand
_ F o r g r F . M-; K ].e d zi k,G. s.; vr lolfe,H. J. et ai.: Thyr
'vei.
caleitonin lmmunoreactivity in canine thyroid earcinomas.
path. 2l: 16g-173,
1994.
DAVIDL. FRITZ, v.M_D.
Captain, VC, USA
Reglstry of Veterinary pathology
Departmentof Veterinary pathology
- 6 -
Results
Conferenee- No' 5
Slide
AFIP V,lednesday
10 October 1984
ConferenceModerator: Ma ri o nG- Valer io, D.V- MDiplomate' ACVP
Deoartmentof PathologY
uitton Bionetics, Inc551.6Nicholson Lane
Kensington, W 20795
tal finding at necropsy of an aged female
@
multFbulated
Present adjaeent to the right ovary was a 2-5 cn diameter
white mass.
rs Diaonosis & Comment-Endometriosis'periovarianr rhesusmonkeyt
---6oiffie-Eii6-sis q iq a commonoccurrence i'n
spontaneousl
occursspontaneousry
monkey!;
rher
i.n rhesus
rhesusmonkeysl
'or'$3.YEry:-llf!:Iotomv)
occurrence
occurrencei.n
common
ls
is a common
. itit occurs
ffioiffii8ris
but has also beenaisociateo wi[n-slrsiea] manipuration
dysmenorrhea'
/L-
-â---!--.,
and exposure to ioniiing radiation. 6finiea11y, T9!f?ys exhibit
The endometriar tissues
rrregular tenstruai-cycles and iniirtiutt.
*noiih"gi",
and can enlarge'
hormones
tb
tesponsive
ate
which are wlthln the abdomlnalcavity
menstruation'
during
rupture
and
truio,
filled with brown to red
io"r
"iits extensive adheslons. Comptications such as colonic and ureteral
produclng
intra-abdominal hemorrhageand anemiacan resultiliictu"E,
The cause of endometriosis is not known- There may be regurgltation of..
fnrunoioulum of the oviduet into the peritoneal cavlty
-rnootretiium
endonetrlum.tnroulh-lh;
maybe seededinto the peritoneal-:"I1ll d::lng
Jriing-minitrutii6n;
;6iine surgery;-ln.re maybe netapiasia of . coelomiceplthelium into endotnetrlal
{iiiue; ceri rlitJ oi-tne"wotrttan'duct systemmayundergotransformatlonto
metastaslsof
endoretrial tissue, or there maybe lymphltic or hematogenous
endometrial tlssue.
AFIp Diaonosls. Endometriosis,periovarian (per contributor)r rhesusmonkeyt
t@imateConferenceNote. The site of the lesion in this case cannot be determinedfrom
[email protected]
cl'raracteris[ica]]y uterihe in appearance,endometriosisgenerally can be- becausethe former lacks myometrlallayers
differentiated frbm uterine adehbmyosis
usually can-beruled out because
with interposed vasculature. A uterine neoplasm
it general.lywould not be as well-differentiated as this Lesion, wouldoften
conlah rnorl glandular structures and there would be no endometrlal stromal
proliferatlonl CeLLsresemblingeosinophils are scattered throughout_thestroma.
Theseare endometrlalgranuloeyieswhich are derived from stromal cells; at
and secrete relaxin h,hieh
rnenstruationthey eongiegatesub3acentto the endometrium
primates
and rats.
causesdissolutibn of-the stroma. Theyare seen in
Endometriosis is a condition seen only in primates and the epithelium is
responsive to estrogen and progesterone- This condition has been reprodueedby
seebing of the abdotenwith'miiced endometrial tissue followed by treatment with
ovariai steroids (Bertens et al. , 1982). Adenomyosisis seen in primates as well
and is generally not responsive to ovarian steroidsas other mammals
Contributor.- ComparativePathologySection, National Institutes of Health,
bethesda, Marylanb 2a2o5.
9ooffiFilllitFike,
Suqqestedreadinq.
Bertens, A.P.M-G.et aI-:
Endometriosis1n rhesus monkeys- Lab. Anim. 15:
281-284, t982.
DiGlaeomo, R- F-: Gynecologic pathology in the rhesus monkey (lvtacaca
mulatta)Findings in laboratory and free-ranging monkeys- Vet- Path- 14:
II.
5t9-546, 1977.
Fanton, J. Vrl., and Hubbard, G. B-: Spontaneousendometriosis in a cynomolgus
monkey (.l4ac?cgfaselcularis).
Lab. Anim. Sei. 33t 597-599, Ig87.
lvlacKenzie,w. El-EndEasey, H. t{.: Animal model: Endometriosis in rhesus
monkeys- Am- J- Path. 8Oz34I-344, 1975.
McClurer H- M.: Endometriosis- In SpontaneousAnimal Models of Hr.rman
Dis e a s e - V o l.1 , A n d re w s,E . J., wandle- c. and Ar tm an,N. H. ( Eds.) , Aca dem i e
Press, NewYork, !979, pp- 215-218.
8171 AFIP
a l5-month-old, male, African green monkey(Cercooithecug
aethiops) v{ eh was found semicomatose,
with a temperatuieof 94oF. Petechlal
hemorrhagesappeare0on the ventral abdomen,and spread to the axillary region and
minutes. He died shortly thereafter.
-
IISSUC
GrossPatholoqyt. The__large
intestine wasexternally dark red; it contained
oarffingir-idlThemUcoSahadseattereirouno,raisedwhlte
nodulesup to 3 mmin diameter, whiehweremostnumerous
in mii1-eolon. Gsenteric
lymphnodeswere enlargedand hemorrhagic. The liver wasenlirged and friable.
ffi.
Lung, spleen, liver,
Lungr_sp]een,
Gut: E. coli,
necropsy:
kidney: yersinia entero.colitica
Campvlobacteiffi
. 1) Colitis, acute, necrotizing,
multlfocal,
seve
- Yersinia entemeolitica. 2) - Hepatitis,
aeute, necrotlzlng, multifodal, Afri6in green monkey,etiology - yerslnia
qnterocolitica.
I'trltiTocaf
MJltlfocar necroti
necrotlzing lesions containing bacterial colonles were aLso found in
spleen and kldney from this case- The bacteria
baeteiia were
h,e?eo?em-ncnarivc.
gram-negative.
disease,in
prif;.[rr.- rn ourcorony
nonnui.n
'il-;il;;ji.'Jrtoil#:
:^y:1*:d:?ypl!:q
animats
with
access
to
outooori',
;i;
:l^::.:::_lnÎo:lg
ff:.*:.:1,i:
t; t-"ilJ'f,oi'.,r
;::':.,!:t::,,1:"lnl:-t!^:':^::l?ll
lld.p:"1-9y:
i;f;;;i;;:'
rhisease
il; ,'nori'iriii!.i-.Errr"
*:t:fthe presence
:::_!Tl'T:","1,,apparenilv-orr-io
and
of bacterlal eol6nies in neciotiring lesions, however,are typical.
- 2 -
t0
multifoeal' mode'rate
AFrPDlaqnoses-L) colitis, necrotizing' acute'
."u"ffi,-6..iri"'v,.oioniJi_"no,submucosa1ph1ebitisand
aelhioPs')'^
phlebothrombosis,
large intestine,-Rtricangttt;"il6ilev iiFicgPitnecus
,ÊTn-FFreEitis'
thrombosls'
mild,
primate. 2) serositis, acute,iol.riv-eil.iliue,
etiology
intestine,
Large
bacirlary colonies,mesenteric.attainment'of
andnumerous
multifoeal'
a-ute,
ii-nJp.iitis,.ne*otizing,
- compatiore
*iii-iErlinG-;ti;.
colonies,liver.
coecobacillary
mild, with nmumerours
attendeesnoted areas of apparentinfarction in
Note- Conferenee
Confeqence
bY the contributor' Also' several attendeessaw
tne ffid
areas
intralesional ameboidorganisms,and spirocheteswithin colonic crYPts in
unaffected by the infLammatoryprocess'
infections is that the lesion(s) are
A hallmark of yersinia
u s u a 1 1 y o r m r r o - s "nt"io"oiiii""
u n u s u a 1 a s n o t e d b y t h e e o n t r i b u t o r .
inJ p"tnogenesis-anJ-epiieriolo6y are not well knownbecauseinfections ar€
reproOuci-e*perimeitally- Swine and dogs have been incrlminated as
difficult-to
potential
of V. qnleqocglitiea; in conttast, humaninfectlon UY.L peak
food. rnterestlnglYr .the
""""ruoiii is associated':w-it6-taminated
oseudotubereurosis
%--"niiio'oiiti""isduringconvaIescenceratherthanduringthe
:::i:"3il"::t:i
1eB0). lr
criteria hetp [o
arorementioned
dlfferentiate dlseasecausedby Y.'enteroeoLitica from an otherwisesimilar disease
causedby Y- pseudotubercuLosisinfection is seen in nonhuman
Themost severe form of Y. pseudotubercglo-sis
primates,artiodactyJ.s,anoEE,effiacterizedbyacute,sevele
rtorinonicrotic entlrilis and mesentericlymphadenitiswith disseminatednecrotie
f6i-$
the liver, lung and spleen. A 1es3acute form is seenin blrds and some
nodules
of disseminatedpyogranulomatous
mammals
in which there'is devblopment
or
are
absent
lesions
where
intestines
fbr
the
inioughort the viscela, except
rodentst
in
form
is
seen
A
chronic
simllir to the aeute f6rm but less severeiipiciiffy rats,-ino is characterizedby the preseneeof occasionalgranulomatous
nobufei in fympnnodes,Liver and spleen (Baskin,1980).
do not pmduceexotoxlns'.ft.
Slnee moststrains of Y. pseudotubgrculgsis
tissueneeros1spioouceoCj[riffioughttobe.duetoanendotox1n
of
rnicn mayalso bb-coupledwith-the effects of lysoiomal.proteolytlc enzyrnes
dylng leukocytes (0bwolo' 1980)
gfaY gqfqol of
Contr.lbutor- Departmentof Comparativel'ledlclne, Bowman
Medififr;-60-sorrth HawthorneRoad,l{inston-Salem,North Carollna 27IOt.
Suooestedreadinq.
aspects of Yersir"ria pseudoluFgrcglos=isinfe.ction in
ffiparative
animals. In The ComparativePathology of Zoo Animalsr l'tlontali' R. J- and Mlgakrt
(Eds-)ismftnsonian Institution Press, 1980, p- 2\9G.,'tironson,
R. T-; May, B. D., and Ruebner,B. H.: An outbreak of infectlon by
yersinia ps6udotub6rcui6sis
primates. Amer.J. Path. 692289-30t,L972.
in'nonhuman
infeetlon in mice.
odel: oral Yersinia enterocolitica
Am. J. Path. 8Iz 7O77O6, 1975.
McLure, H. M.; U,leaver,R- E., and Kaufman, A- F-: Pseudotuberculosfs in
groupnonhumanpiimatesi fnfection with organisms of the lersinia enteroeolitica
Lab. Anim- Sci. 21: 376-382, I97I.
- 3 -
Obwolo, M- J.: The pathogenesisof yersiniosis. In The ComparativePathology
of Zoo Animals, lvtontali, R. J: and Migaki, G., Editors, gnithsonian Institution
Press, 1980, p. 225l{ooley, R- E.; Shotts, E- 8., and McConnell,T- I,',l.: Isolation of Yersinia
from selected animal speeies. Am. J- Vet. Res. 41: 1667-1668' 1980.
enteroeolitica
- N8r-319 (AFIP 190A652).
-o1d, female, spotted jaguar (Pantheraonea)
which had a history of chronic 0vabanusage for 5 years. Prlor to euthanasia it
developedabdominal distension and obstipation- A peritoneal tap revealed a
nonseptic exudate with characteristics of neoplasia. Abdominalradiographs were
followed by an exploratory laparotomy which revealed carcinomatosis involving the
mesenteryand omentumCase III
Gross Patholoqv. Disseminatedneoplasia, multifocal, severe, uterus, ovaxies,
omen@liac
lymph nodes and spienic eapsule.
1) Uterine adenocarcinoma,
with metastasls
to
ymphnodes, splenic eapsule and broad
ligament- 2) Cystic distension of endometrial glands, severe, with multifocal
mineralization, utelus.
The uterine adenocarcinomaprobably originated at multiple sites within the
endometrium,most likely from endometrial glands- lv'letastasisoceurred via
lymphaties and transperitoneaL seeding- Whetherit was reLated to Ovabanusage
remains unclearl so does the relationship betweenthe endometrial gland changesand
0vaban.
AFIP Diaqnosg?. 1) Adenocarcinoma,
papillary, uterus, spotted jaguar (Panthera
ong?)' reJine. U Hyperplasla, cystic, endometrial glands, diffuse, severe, wlth
multifocal mj.neral5.zation,utexus.
ConfereneeNote- Conferenceattendees discussed the possible relationshlp
betweenchronic negestrol acetate (Ovaban)usage and the lesions seen ln this
case. Studies have shownthat endometrial atrophy is the end result of chronic use
of. progestin preperations upon an endometriumwhith has not been "priredfl by
estrogens- Howeve!, in womenlt is thought that the pathogenesisof endometrial
carclnoma beglns with cystic endometrial hyperplasia due to overstlmulatlon by
estrogens. A progressive, step-wise changeof the uterus Leads toward cell
transformation, carcinoma-in-situ, and eventually invasive adenocarcinoma(Preiser,
L964)
uterine neoplasmsare rare in domestic cats and are most commonlyseen in the
rabbit and bovine- Adenocarcinoma
in the cow is charaeteristiealJ.y sclrrhous,
often with small foci of tumor evoking a florid desmoplasia. In the doe, a higher
incidenceof uterine adenocarcinoma
is seenin breedswhlchhavea coneomlttant
susceptibility to toxemlaof pregnancy- It has beensuggestedthat llver damage
resulting from the toxemlacould result in failure to inactivate estrogenwith
eventual development
of adenocareinoma
of the uterus (Cotchin, Marchani,19n).
Contrlbuto!=
veteiiiffiMffiine,
Departmentof Comparative& Experimental Pathology, Coll.egeof
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610.
- 4 -
in aged
suqqes!.edre.adinq..,-- ? . Aîmarmnr{el:Soontaneous
adenocarcinoma
Baba,t'l-andTon-Haam,EaiAnima1model:Spontaneousaoeno
Tract:
'.**i;;ril'rJt":3th"3f;;"i\t
Reproductive
orrheFemare
TyTo,,
l1?''ol?l3i
'.1977' 9' 27'
Springer-verlag
and#t;fi;lili;
spontaneous
in a cat' Cornell
0'Rourke,M. D. andGeib,U.-W.i-rnOomeiiiii'.itlocircinoma
ur''r33o.i3i;3?-g.t3l3'*oo*to,
in threecats'
tumors
urerine
F.: sponraneous
t*'J3s;r:t;.?";333;rti?ii adenocarcinoma
!e64'
in a cat. path.Vet-1t 48v4eo,
AFIP 18
.'}fl;'3Xll",
*e1"
;:,H.
1
i;?:;i?i:l
ffi:iffiH"?
'fi'J";iiiXi"r"ii;; ?ip:'iT;riii:1.
":i:*:l*:i
::'#"liEli-n"'i,iii"f;"'gil'i":,ili;F'i?
3i?:?l3':?
3'i?Tifî;.1+::.:"^::tffi1'I?
andhistolosic
illness
i;';;uurop-'rinicar
'BrLvlY'
a f f i f i n';;i-ii*ifo:eaught
d i n g i n a n a d u 1 t , w i } d - c a p t u r e d , f e m acebus
I e C etPt:It-.Y:,e..Pl1,:n
bus
vtele nero r
monkevs
and adult
suo-aE"ii
sun-adult ;;d-il',i!-b"nus
monkey-lffirouo of 15 wild-eaugnt
il'ii!'n3'l"l'0il513::"
evidenee of virus lnfectlon.
ln the
gross Pgtholoqv. At necropsy a well-differentiated cholangioearclnomanodures
diameter-greyish-tan
e
to z.^s
liver was observed, as weu as ni.,r"rou" 0-5jejunumand
duodenum
the
of
surface
o"'in" iirosal
of braln' Ilver'
Laboratorv=Results. Virus could nOt be isolated from samples
sp1een,1rng,uffi'""o-Iio""i_"!^Z9^93yS.post-inocu1at1on.Intestina1
2 other animalsin thls gmup
nodulesfrom this cebusmonkeyinFip-ies2297-il'and
(AFIp L}5zu7-t-InJ-ra!rigt-D were examinedby a parasitologist and wele
identlfled as ^@!!gg sp- probably M' @!g'
rsD
jeJunum's$
ml1d-6 rnodeFatb'
sP.
pyosranuloma'
(molineus)
eiioi6iil-Jiigioiis:'N66[Gt verminous
Molineg?
Etiolo6y: Yoilneussp-, probablv
!oryl!il1?:
Inth1sg'o.,;tiT;.-"p.]"[i"_monfte@Sweleobservedinthe
of l'1 anlmal's(ZX)' An
sma11intestlne, coJ.on,liver, pancreai irfr:ffintum
addltlonal 2 animal.shad fiOros!.Jerotic plaques on the serosa of the small
or mlgratlon,tracts'
intestlne which rav-n"u" Ueenrtmnantsof parasitic nodulespyogranulmata
were
Njne of the Lr ini6cted animalshad nodulei.in the Jejunum;
(q2)
pancreas
'
' ileum (n=3), pioiimal colon
afto ouservedln"tne-OuoOenum-(n=il
sevele
diffuse
died-of
(n=l).
cebus.monkey
One
i.=zll-riui"-tn=rj ano omentum
chronic fibrinopurulent peritonitis whichwasattributed to infection by this.
paraslte.
The adult helmlnths in the nodulesare readily identified as trichostrongylins
basedon 1) consFicrousfongitudinal ridges proSetting f5!m the cuticle,2)platymyartanmerlmyarianmu6eulaturewhiih ean 5e transitional, 3) strongylin
intestine which i;'atfiinenl naurnga large lumen,lgrge lntestinal cell nuclel'
multinucleate iniestinal cells, anEthin [o lnterrirediafemicrovlllous border, 4)
and thln-shelled non-larvated, morula-stageeggs-rtbut beeausethe organism.ls.a
The life cycle of Molineussp. is unknown,
that all animarswere
is assumed
tb oe direet.
tricnGtiongvr6,-it-is-F;til
infeeted
in the'wiId.
l"tanyof the animals in this
tr
group also had malaria and
patent
'should filarid infeetions (microfilaremia). Differential diagnosis at autopsy
however, this helminth is considered very rare in
include 0esophogastomum,
l.bwtrr|or1dmonkeffi6du1espr6dominant1yinthecoIonof01d}rlor1d
can immediately be ruled out as
monkeysand apes. Histologically, Oesophoqastomu[
acauieofthenodu1es,be-ausethemadu1twormSwiththeireggsin
the lesion.
Histologically, the nodule is a typical granulomawith a suppurative eore. In
someseetions the eore of the nodule clearly communieates
with the lumen of the
The non-larvated eggs are released into the intestinal lumen and
small intestine.
infrequently the adult wormsprpject into the Lumen- Several species of Molineus
are recognlzed, but only M. torulosus has been recognized as causing nodular
granulomata; the other species of Molineus typically lie unattached on the
intestinal mucosa.
eosinophilic, focal, containing nLrmerous
adul,t
flFIP Diaqnosis- Granuloma,
nematodes
and eggs, serosa, small intestine, Cebusmonkey,primate; etiology eompatiblewith*Moiineustorulosus.
ConferenceNote- Other than
differentited from Molineusinel
Ngcht.-lF.
is a tricnoEEF6iffird but proffipapif6frE
parasites which must be
rrchis. Like Molineus,
iiGGal nodulFii-aEF6
stomachof 01d l|Jorl.dmonkeys. In the adult worm, external to the lateral eords,
the eutieular ridges-are fused and divergent from one another; this morphologic
characterlstic is unique to Nochtia. Prosthenorehis is an acanthocephalanwnicn
produeesserosa1nodulesinffi6geffiE-occasiona].J.ythe'i1eumofNew
It{or1dmonkeys;thorny-headedwormswill be seen attaehed to the-mucosal surface.
. ^ L.torHlosus dlffers from other trichostrongylids in the propensity of
infective Larvae to burrow muchdeeper into the intestine, often reaching the
submucosaor oceasionally even the serosa as in this case. Larvae maturd into
adults and their-eggg are-deposited in the tissues; somemakethelx way to the
lumen via neerotie channeLs. M=torulosus also hai a tendency to lnvaie the hostrs
vascu1arsystem;adu1tsandegi!Effiseeninvesse1sassociatedw1th
fibrinous thrombl. Another chiracteristic is invasion of the pancreas resulting in
chronic,pancreatitis with adults and eggs often evident within'inflamed pancreatic
ducts (Brack et al-, Ig73).
Contrlbutor.- Division of Pathology, U.S. ArmyMedical ResearchInstitute
InfeiffibiiFase,
Fort Deirick, uariiino 2I7oI.
for
SJqqested readinoAbbott, D- P. and lvlajeed, S- K.: A survey of parasites in wild-caught,
laboratory-malntainedprlmates: Rhesus, cynolgus, and baboon. Vet. Path. 2Iz
l9&2O7, 1984.
B r a c k , M .i Mye rs, B - J-; K u n tz, R. E.:
Pathogenic properties of l,tolineus
torulosusin capuchinmonkeys,CebusapeIla. Lab. Anim.S c i . 2 l l 3 6 0 r f f i ,
Chitwood,
M., andLicht bnf effi.-Flf-i
Oenti f ieati on of parasitic metazoain
tlssue sections. Exp. parasltol. 32: 407, 1972.
Toftr J- D-: The pathoparasitology of the alimentary tract and pancreas of
primates: A review- vet. path- 19(supl 7): 44-gz, lggz.
nonhuman
DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.DCaptain, VC, USA
Department of Veterinary Pathology
- 5 -
Results
AFIP l{ednesdaySlide Conference- No' 6
17 0ctober 1984
Conference l,bderator :
F . M- Ga r ner , D.V.M .
Diplomate, ACVP
Veterinary Pathologist
4416 Oak Hill Road
Rockville' MD 2f,853
Id female Fischer 744 rat-Gross
patholoqv.
The rat was found at necropsy.!o have-a.left
tlres the normaL-ffie. The masswas infiltrated'witn
was no evldenceof metastasls.
t.
6t
kidney fo95
pale friable tissue-
There
(nephroblastoma).
nephroma
Embryonal
in the rat (Baker, Llndsey'
are uncommon
(embryonilnephroma,
l{ilms' tumor)ale reporle9!o be the
f979):- NdnroOiaitcrnas
1968).
typi of renal tlmor ln the rat, (nottendorfr.Ingraham,
most-frequ'ent
Nephroblastcrnas'bccurln younger anlmals (meanage less than one year).
AFIP DlaOnosls. Nephroblastoma,kidney, Fischer 344, rat, rodent.
Conference Note. The Departmentof Urogenital Pathology provlded the oplnlon
tnatffiasmiss1m11arhistomoipho1ogica11ytoscmecasesof|{i1ms|
tunpr ln chtldren- A difference they note is in the cells whlch have undergone
fronr the blastema. In thls caser manycells have.small
epltheltal dlfferentlatlon
nirclel wlth uniform chrornatln stlppling and appeat benign ln corparlson to the
cells l.n tumors of children which have large and vesleular nuclel, lmpartlng a more
mallgnant appeatanee. This case ls slmllai to those tumors ln chlldren whlch have
a preOomtnahtly epltheltal element formlng small cysts (someof whlch represent
I'bre comrnonly,they see tumors wlth a promlnent mesenchymal
abortive gloneiult).
elementr. and occaslonally tumors that are purely mesenchymalFfard and Grasso Q976) suggest that the rat nephroblastomais the eounterpart
of the eplthellal eomponentof humanl{ilms' tumor, whereas the rat mesenchymal
tumor seems to correspond to the mesenchymalcomponentof the same htman tunnot.
Because of the hlstologlc spectrum ln the humantunor, and the occunence ln the
rat of tfe eplthellal (nephroblastoma) and mesenchymaltumors as separate entltlest
the concept that l{llmsr tumor of manmay often represent a eorposltlon tumor
(corposed of two or more mallgnant cell populations) should be consldeted.
A slmllar turnor ln rabbits serves as a model for thls neoplasmln hunans.
Slmllarltles are seen in hlstlogBnesis, size of the primary tr.mor, and mallgant
character ln both rabblts and humans. Polycythemia is seen eormonly ln the rabblt,
and occaslonally ln hunans, ln conjunctlon with nephroblastomas. This is posslbly
due to excesslve erythropoeitin produetlon by the tumor or by remaining normal
renal tissue, in response to renal hypoxia from tumor impingementupon the blood
supply.
Contrlbutor.
Pathology Department,Eli Lilly
creeiTleETnldi-an a 45140I
& Company,P.0. Box 708,
Suoqestedreadinq--ffiey,J.R.,andWeisbroth,s-H.:TheLaboratoryRet.Vol.
1, Biology and Diseases, Academicpress, Newyork, 1979, p. 355.
of the kidney in swine. 24th Annual Report
_ DaYr L. E-: _ Embryonaladenosarcoma
of the Bureau of Animal rndustry for the year J.907, USDA,pp. 247-2s7, r9o9.
l'lanlehen' T. and Stavton, D-: Animal model: Nephroblastomain rabbtts
transplacentally lnduced by ethylnitrosourea. Comp-Path. 8u11. 1I:4, 2 & 4, 1979.
Hard, G.. c., ang Grasso, P.: Nephroblastoma
in the rat: Hlstology of a
spontaneoustumorr_ldentlty with respect to renal mesenehymal
neoplalirs, and a
revlew of prevlously recorded cases. J. Nat. Canc. Inst. 47t 323-329, i976.
.
!'lardt G- C.,. and Fox, R. R.: Hlstologlc characterlzatlon of renai tr.mors
(nephroblastomas)
lnduced transplacentally in IIIVO/J and WH/Jrabblts by
N-ethyJ.nltrosourea. Am. J. path- llj: g-ig, Iggt.
Hottendorlr G. H., and Ingraham, K- J.: Spontaneousnephroblastomasin
laboratory rats.
J. Am. Vet.-Med. Assoc. L53r 926-g29, 196:8.
l{lgaklr
G.,
and
Casey, H. hl.: Comparativepathololy of nephroblastomain
.
humansand anlmaLs- In Tumorsof Early Llfe in Manand-Animals. Edlted by L.
Severl, l€etlng 8, pfrgia,
1979, p. Lb5t.
wardropr_K. i.., Nakamuran
T., and Gllddens, l{. E.: Nephroblastcrna
wlth
secondary polycythemia ln a NewZealand whlte iabbit.
tab. nnlm. scl. 32t 2go-2g2,
1982.
II-
&..!-!2
a A-year-old Yel1owNape Amazonparrot.
The blrd was
a pet store 10 days earl.ier. It beeameprogresslvely rrcre doelJ.e,
passlve, and depressed. Loosegreen droppingswere noted; it regurgltated
prlor to
death.
Gross Pathol.gqv. Petechiae-seen on epicarctium. Edemafound ln lung.
m.rlttple
yerJ.owrocl In J.Iver. Lemgnye1lowexudatenoted ln mesentery(spleen ias not
swollen but was showingevideheeof postmortem
change). kiOneywasswollen and
pale ollve color.
...1..i.r:.r.=.-:
L?bor?torYBesults., Microscopie: Tapeworm
ova seen In fecal. fulture:
Negatlve for SalmonelLaand other_bacterlal pathogens. Also negative for Cardlda.
vlrology: itagatlve for avian lnfluenza, Newbastl6,and pacrreco;s. inrirlrvofa-'
oslttaci was lsolated.
9?ft-tflbutor's.Dlagngsls- Focal necrotlc hepatitis, acute psittacosls.
Llver - severe multlple variable slze focl of eoagulatlon neerosis was seen
throughout the parenchyma. LCL (pslttacosls) bodles ieiJ iouno_
Spleen - focal areas of necrosis were seen.
lymphoeyticparavascularlnfiltratlon seen.
[f9*V - lnterstltta].
Other organs - no slgnifieant- changes.
-2-
to moderate'with
coccobaclllary
intracellular
and
ne'irogranulomas,
mufffi,
etiologY--compatlblewtth
parrot,
avian'
Amazon
yeliow
nape
iiu6r,
miEiooigin!.sms,
Chlamvdlagslttael.
AFIP Diaqnosls-
Flepatitis,
subacute, diffuset-mild
confe.renceNote. Attendeesnoted qgny randomareas of coagulative neelosls
olr,6r less numerousareas of caseousnecmsis
;;-g[Gg@:whleh were thouffiur'
alesurroUnoeotiv-ni[iropn1fficcasiona11ymu1tinuc1eatedg1antce1Is.These'
attendeesthoughi, rai-oi due to-a-eoncurrent-infection,.posslblycollbaclllosls.
ln the
mr or the Lesioni ti6n in this easeare rsnlniscent of those descrlbed
(Rapheel.
and..
colibacillosls
pitttaeosis
eoncutrent
and
fivei oi a parrot-wiin
agents-other
illggtlous
demonstrate
to
i"itio", fgboi.- specfai stains falled
?ny
inan-oiganlsmssug-giitiue-oi chLamydialelementarybodles wlthln Kupffer-cells and
nepatocites. rnei6 lnfected cells'are not associLtedwtth the necrotle leslonsAl1 of ihe organlsmsln thls case are of simtlar slze whereasin most easesof
cl'rfamyOfoshi vartatlon ls noted representing initial, intermedlater and
elementarybodles.
rfre Oifterenlla]. diagnosls included Pacheco'sdlsease (herpesvlrug)r
collbaclllosls and
mycoU-eteitosls, collbacillosls, and salmonellosl.s. AJ.though
is
resolved by.
necrosls
the
pioduce
necrosls,
of
focaL
areis
sitmonettosts
lnterest to note
ls
of
It
necrogranulomas.
formatlon
of
ln
macmphages
re'sultlng
mycobacterla
of
stralns
bovlne
hunan
ind
infected
wlth
that iariots. are oftEn
becauie tl'ey are frequently kept as housepets. Therefore, in mycobacterlalinfectlon o-f tne pariot, tFreni.rrerouslntraleslonal baclllt eharacteristlcally seen
ln avLanE, rey lnstead be seant.
Con_t_r_lbgtOLlvlarylandDepartnent of Agriculture,
49of-€-:Iil;TE-86?d, College Park, lvlaryland 2ot4o.
Anlmal Health Laboratoryt
Suoqestedrea4!ro.
Arnsteln, P.; Meyer,K . F., revlsed by J. Schachter: Pslttaeosls and
Ornlthosl.s. In Dlseaseso f Cageand Aviary Birdsl M.L. Petrak, Ed., 2nd Ed.r Lea &
Febiger, L982, p. 528.
Emerson,J. K.: Psittaeosis. J. Am. Vet. l,led. Assoc. 180: 612-61t, L982.
l,blnn, R.: Epldemlol.oglc and laboratory observatlons of Chlamvdla psl.tlFcl
lnfectlons ln pet blrds. J. Ar. Vet. l,{ed. Assoc. I84z L372-It74, 1984.
(0rnlthosls).
Pege, L. A.: Avlan ChJ.amydlosls
.In Dlseases of Poultry, 7th
Ed., Chapt. lt, edlted by M.S. Hofstad, Iowa State ttnlversity Press, L978, p.3V7.
Raphael, B. L. and lverson, ftl. 0.: Collgranuloma and pslttacosls ln an &nazorr
parrot.
J. Att. Vet. Med. Assoc. l77z 927-929, L98O.
yedr old Flartley straln gulnea pig frun a herd of
Thts anlmal
gulnea plgs used for the safety testlng of tubereulln.
was anorexlc and loslng welght wlth alopecla.
GrossPatholoqv. Kldneyshad an irregular surface, were flrm, and had rultlple
small cysts througfroutthe eortex and medulla; multlple, 2mmln diameter ulcers ln
stomach.
LaboJatorvResults.
BUN
Cholesterol
Ca
P
K
SGPT
37
54
I2.5
6.1
8-1
11
ng/dL
mg/d1
ng/dl
mgldl
meq/l
mulml
Total Protein
Albumln
Globulin
Na
c1
SGOT
4.4 gn/dI
2.4 gn/dl
2.0 Enld\
I42 neq/t
II2 neq/L
50 mu/ml
C o n t r 1 b u t o D i f f u s e l S B V 9 t € , e h r o n i c i n t e r s t i t i a 1
nepniiTF-
Dlffuse lnvolvement of the kidney was charaeterlzed by tubular ectasla
wlth
flattenlng of qPllheliar eerls, inteistittat
itorosis, miid interstltlel
mononuelearinflltrate,
occasi.onal.hyalin tubular casisr-nv"fin droplets ln some
tubular eplthellum, mineral deposits-withln luUuta" epilheiium and
tubular lunen,
dllated Bowmanrsspaee, and mlid-capsurar fiorosiJ oi-giore"uri.
spJciar-st"rns
did not reveal a causailve organism.
€f;"Euffii":loo
5eo.lt3!"Hh#ffii#t*
histologic leslons-.
lgPtgspira navb Seen ts6iateJ iiom gri"""
not been associated with
lnterstitiar
nefniilfs.
33X'"::::iSiE!
,r.n
plgs but atso have
CrN has been reported to be a common
cause_of death in pet gulnea plgs but
J'aboratory animals are. rarely allowed io ii""-rong
t["i reslons can be
seen' The animals in this cblony are kept until death
"norgn
6n"e [n"y are TB-sensltlzed,
and this change has been seen in'several' pigi.
The cllnlcal-path-ehanges of moderately elevated BUNand
low totat protelns ls
conslstent
wlth CINalthoughanorexiaproUiUiy-also contributedto the lower Tp.
Themlldlv elevatedserumk+ would# ffi;ial6nt with
a A;;;;sed abllity of
proxlmaltubular cells to excretelt.
AT! Dl?gno?1i....
I'bphritis, fibrosing, interstltlal,
dtffuse,
__moderate'rlth tubular dilatation andcystic dilatatlon'oichronic,
eo*ranrs
spaces,kldney,
Hartleygulneaplg, rodent.
Conference
l{o!%. Conference
attendeesnotedmultipJ.e
o f @ i " o t " a ' I i ' e o f s u r f a c e p 1 t t 1 n g . A 1 s o n o t e d w a ssubcapsurar
t h e s 1 z e olndentatlons
f
'
the kldneylhtch.was
to
two
[rmei-inat-of a norr"i-guinea-pig-ioi
.enlarged-up
unknown
The ldentlty-of
lhe-globufarr-amorphous,
?9e).
eosfnopnfLicmaterlel ln
the medullary.andcortical-tntersti[rum wai'oiicussed; most
did not thtnk
thls resenbredamylold. Thls materlal. ls srightii-positirJ attendees
pASpmeedure,
.
and stalns-poorly wlth.congo.red but.shows;"6pr"'gieen';-biriiiingence
"iin
ffi;-polarized
Basedon-these.flndingi-tG-fopaitment of cnlmr6if-palnof6gy
llgnt:
9?$o! posltlvel.y.tdentlfy it but statei tnat amyroidcannot-L'erured out.
Attendeesagreed that grebt care must oe uiea in'rntJrprrlrnn-;.pple greenn
blrefrlngenee- 0ther than occaslonalirnoings-or giomeiuiar"atropny,
glorneruri
werethought to be essentially normal.
nq
Pathologystates that similar lesions ane seenLn
manand 9gpqttment.of-Urogenital
that the. etloJ'ogy-ln these cases-is llkewlse unknown.-Tfreythlni-tnal
tfe
globular eoslnophllic miterlal is pathologicai'anothat these deposrts
in the
-4-
They also
nedulla probably cause tubular dilatation and cystic Bowman'sspaces. manyof tfe
present
in
gylqPlasm
see, ln hunan kldneys, tE Urighlly-eoiinopnifit
ano oSfigt"[i-it-fioniocvioidh cha19e: Th" eoslnophllla ls
tubular epltheriai-liirs
granuiEt (probably mitochondria) as opposedto tlrc
d;-6-tinirv-eosinopniiilarger globules seen wlth hyallne droplet changegne study of age-related renal lesions ln the_guinea.Fl9.founO the presenceof
in gtomeruli (Stebliy,-Rudofity' 1971), whlle ln
deposlts of IgG ant-eompfement
'Grollman,
was
dueto vascularchanges
rFzo), nephroscrerosis
seen
those
to
"nbinEi-.iuoi-(riteta,
in tni tattei stiroyare said to be similar
seen. Also,'cnaneJs-ieen
are not evidentin this ease.
Vascular-leslons
ln rnn.
Offtce of BioJ.ogics, Food & Drug Administratlon, 8800 Rockvllle
Plke, Bethesda, l{aryland n205-
Contrlbutor.
fuqqested readlnq.
ffiRudofsky,U.:Spontaneousrena11esions?4g}9qqru}T
pigs. J. Immunol.107: 1192-1196'1971.
in gulnea
o'f'fgC ani compLement
Oepostii
-spontaneously
'
occurring renal dlseaseln the
Taketa, TI, and Groil.man,A.:
plg. Afi. J. Pathol. 50: 103-117rI97O.
gulnea
Waghei,J. E.: I'llscellaneousdiseaseconditlons of guineaplgs.. $-TE
Blologi of'the GuineaPlg. J.S. l{agnerand P.J. Mannlng,Eds., Chapt. 15r Academic
Press,1976,p.23O.
from a 2-year-old female B5C3F1mouse
study for two years.
toxtcity
on a chronlc oral
were
Gross PathoLoov. An oval mass, L5 x 15 x 5 mmrwas located ln the subcutaneous
tissuE of the rlght lateral abdomlnal reglon. The masswas flrm and mottled redt
dark red, and tan-
.
cell
Carcinomawith souamous
d1
), marmarygland, BgCff mouser rodentla.
gfano, B5C3F1
rnouserroclEl-lEra.
E.6vtrI fiK]user
rodentla.
lvlaltgnant lymphoma,mlxed cell type,
mat|lnary gland,
EYFer mafinary
Becauseof llmited tlssue, the sectlons were preparedfrom two blocks from the
sametumor.
The tumor ls nodular, non-encapsulated,and charactertzed by the presenceof
neoplastlc eplthelial cells arrangedin aclnar, ductile, paplllary, or comedo-Ilke
structures and sheets. The neoplastie epithelial tissue ls separatedby a rather
sparse connective tlssue stromawhich contains irregularly arrangedpopulatlons of
rnoplastlc lymphocytesof mixed cell type. The neoplastic epithellal cells appear
gland eplthellal eells. In manyareas, the neopJ,astleeptthellal
to be mamnary
qells haveundergone
metaplasla
sguamous
andare fomlngnestsor cystlc spac€s
dlstended vlth keratln.
Mlneralization is also seen ln somesectlons. Mttotlc
flgures are promlnent especially ln neoplastic epithelium that has not undergone
squamousnetaplasla. l'*ecrotlc cells are scattered throughout the mass.
Adenoacanthomas
are often invasive and/or oecasionally metastasize to the
J.ung. l.&tastases were not found tn this animal.
fvlallgnant lymphomawas found in spleen, lymph nodes, and marnnarygland fron
this anlmal.. The lymphomawas ealled a mixed-ceIl type. In somesectlons, tl're
lyqphomamay be dlffieult to subclassify or differentiate from lymphocyticinflltrates
or lymphoid hyperplasia.
AFIP Diaonosis.
Adenoacanthoma,
gland, B5C3F1,mouse,rodent.
mammary
Conference NotP. Manyconference attendees were of the opinion that this tumor
most@soniofbasa1ceiio"igin,particuIar1y,anadnexomaApocrlne and occaslonally sebaeeousdifferen[iatibn, iOor[iv6 haii fofiicfes lired
b.y cells.with prominent trlehohyaline granules, and cell polarlty
ieaiuris
discussed- lvlostsections eontain at l6ast a few acini of'normal'marnrary-gfanO
"ere
.t
the perlphery-of the tumor. Attendees also discussed the possibility tna[-[nese
tumors arlse from basal cells wlthin the mammary
gIand. prominent virfaOfy-ltzeO
aggregates of lymphocytesin the eonnective tisiud of this tumor proOiOfi-' -eornesptrld to populatlons of neoplastie lymphocytesnoted by-the contrlbutor
in
varlous other organs.
a
diagnosis'of
iymphoma
coriO
not
be
made
based on
-However,
the morphology of the lymphocyies
in [hese tissub sections.
Other mammary
neopJ.asms
of the mousewere discussed, to inelude adenocarclnoma
types A, B, and c. The former two a"J
with lhe-eittner agent (mammary
tumorvlrus, MTv)'whlle the latter is uiuiiry
"sioeiated
not- noenoacanthomas
llkewlse are
not generallyassoclatedwith the eittnei-ageit.
The eonference moderator stressed the importanee
of being famillar wtth the
varlousstralns of mlce,eachusuiiii nauing-partrcurar
pathologiealentltles
associatedwlth it. Th6B5c5F1
nas-iruJrv io['rn.iJJnce-oi ilftr.ry neoprasms.
.tsouJ.evarcl,
^ . . , W D e pl{adlson,
a r t m e nl{lsconsLn
t o f - P a t h o 1 o g y , H a z l e.t-o n L a b o r a t o r i e s , 3 3 0 ] ' K 1 n s m a n
5j7A4.
9uooesled_readlno.
uunnt T' E-:- lbrpholqgy or mammary
tumorsin miee- rn physlopathologyof
caneer. 'romburger,
F,.'.-gollnapgi
'
r**.
Frith, c' H:, anawtrJv;;-D: t Gro6o""i;-N";"vlji[l-r9#,-oi.
classiri6atlon
andcorretatton
Y.;i6iogicar
of lncldence of frvoerplsstic ano_rygRraslic-nEmatopoletlc
leslons
in mlce wlth
age. J. Gerontol. J6: 514-045,fgil.
squartlnt, F: ! Tumorsor fne mamnary.
grand. rn pathorogyof Tumorsin
LaboratoryAnl.mals. yol. rr, iumorsor tnE-r,rouse,
edltgd by-V.s. Tunrsov,
rnternatlonat Apncy for Rei6arch-onc"nJ"lr"16zg, p.
43.
DAVID
L_ FRITZ,v.M.D.
Captaln, VC, USA
Reglstry of Veterinary patholoov
Departmentof Veterlniry patnoiirgy
-6-
Results
slide Conference- No' 7
AFIPV'lednesday
24 October1984
Moderator: John D- Strandberg' DVM'PhD
Conference
DioomateACVP
Associate Professor
CornparativeMedicine & Pathology
Johns HopkinsUniversity School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD 2L2A5
AFIP 1945
An E-year-oro
ack and tan bitch was plesented with a 5-month
HislorJ-chronic weight loss and anemiaand
ascites
history of recurrent
Gross Pattplogy. At necropsy there was a liter of ascites fluid in the abdomen
anoffidista1smai1intestineandproxima1co1on.Therewas
moderateveriucous endocardiosis of the right and left AV valvesLaboratory Resul.ts- The animal was hypoproteinemicand anemic (normocytic
hypocFiomld-wlfnormal liver enzymesand BUN.
Contrlbutor's Dlaqnoses& Conrment-I) F€patitis' perieholangealt
s u o a i s , m i I d , p i g m e n t , m i n e r a 1 1 z e d t r e m a t o d e
ova, Heterobilhaizia. americana- D Enteritis, miJ.d, subacute/chronicr
noni
, mild, trematode ova, [eterobilharzla am-qrlcPlaOva of t-€terobilharzia ameiicana were found in the-lamina propria and submueosa
o f a 1 I p o r t e ' c e c u m a n d c o } o n . T h e r e w a s 1 l t t 1 e h e p a t i c
parenchymalcompromiseand it was concluded that the hypoproteinemia,-aseites' and
bnemiawere the product of a protein-losing enteropathy and endoparasitism. The
host inflanrnatory reponse to the ova was minimal in all organs involved; although
in areas of the imall intestine where ova vrere numerousthe submueosawas thickened
by mature connective tissue. Adult fLukes were not observedAFIP Diaonoses. 1) Trematodeeggs, predominantly portal, multifocal' lith
a s s o @r a n u ].o ma to u si n f1 a l l rma tionandm oder atef1ukepi$Ent,1iver ,
black and tan hound, canine. 2) Trematodeeggs, multifocal, with associated
minimal granulomatousinflarrnation, mucosaand submucosa,intestine;
etiology--compatible with l-bterobilhqrzia americana
Conferencelrlote- The microslide sections vary in the viabil-ity of eggs present
intffiarunatoryresponsetoparasiteeggsa1sovariessomewhat,being
totally absent ln somesections, to a minimal granulomatous response in others.
The laek of response lndicates either an underlying inrmunologicproblem ln this
partieular animal, or that leleqqb_lhaqzfaaCIer:lgglA
is a well-adaptedparasite of
t n e o o g . t e e Q g Z z ) n a s s n , h a m s t e r , a n d m o u s e a r e i d e a
hosts for this parasite, whereasthe cat, guinea pig, and rabbit are unfavorable
hosts. In the latter three, infective cereariae develop to adults, but eggs
produced dre not usually viable- The raccoon is considered the princlple natural
marnralianhost; natural infections have also been described in the dog, nutria'
rabbit, and range from tFe
opossLtn,white-tailed deer, bobeat, and svramp
southeastern U.S. to central Texas- Sehistosomatirrndoutlri-lli, the only other
mammalian
schistosomeendemicin the U-S-, infects the mouseand is enzootic in
Michigan, Minnesota, and Vrlisconsin. It is the schistosomeegg'which causesdisease
Adult
by evoking a granulomatousinflammatory tesponse in the bowel and liver.
schistosomesappear to protect t.hemselvesfrom immunologicattack by incorporating
host moleeulesinto their integumentas they mature.
Contributor.
Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station, Texas 77843.
Sugqestedreadinq.
Bartsch, R- C- and ftlard, B. C-: Viseeral lesions in raccoonsnaturally
infected with Heterobilharziq,americana. Vet. Path. 1l: 24I-249, 1976Goff,[email protected]
of Heterobilhagia amerieanain east central Texas. Am- J- Vet- Res. 422
t77>1777, l98lPietee, K. R.: Heterobilharzia americanainfection in a dog. J- Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc- I43z 496-499,ffi
Thrasher, J- P.: canine schistosomiasis. J. Am. Vet. Med- Assoc. 144:
1119-1125,1964.
Leer H- F.: Susceptibility of mammalian
hosts to experimentalinfection with
Heterobilharzia americana. J. Parasitol- 482 74a-745, 1962.
V{arren,K. S.: The pathology, pathobiology and pathogenesisof
schistosomiasis. Nature 273: 6A9-612, 1978.
CaseII -
(84-541) are incl
young
parrot
Arrican
n
r
presented
r
g
t
r
e
a
t
I
Grey
u
r
s
y
p
c
l
r
l
L
r
L
I E > E t t L t r u for
was
wcr> p
I u t ' necropsy following a
Jvvr
:
3-4 oay
nical course consisting of lethargyr anorexia and diarrhea- The bird
had been shlpped from a Florida distributor one week orior to its death, at which
time the bird was normal.
AFIP 1947996) TEM
n
GrossPathol.oqyr.
_Signrificantgross lesions wereconfined to the liver, which
was@led-tan
ano reo.
.
LaboratorvRg?ul!F. l$on bacterial culture, E. coli wasobtained from the lung
---F----.
and intestine while there was no growth from the Tiver. Splenic impression smears
were negative for Chlamvd*asp- utilizing fluorescent antibody methods. Virus
isoLation attempts were r.rnsuecessful-
Liver,necrosisnmu1tifocaI,seVele,acUte,
O.rg
The liver
is characterized
by numerous foci of hepatocelLular necrosis which
are becomingconfluent in several areas- Remaininghepatoeytes are regenerative
with moderatenuclear pleomorphismand a few binucleatb celis. An occisional
portal triad contains a mild to moderatelymphocytic infiltrate.
Seattered
hepatocellular vacuolar changeis evident-
Ultrastructural examination of thin sections of liver revealed manyhepatocytes
eontaining intracytoplasmic viral aggregates. Viral particles were round and
eomposedof a moderately dense external ring around an electron dense cole- SoflE
gmPtycapsid particles were present. Negative staining of proeessedfresh Jiver
clemonstrated70 nanometerdiameter viral particles as well. Morphologyof the
virus in negative staining preparations and by transmission electron ilicroscopy was
consistent with a reo-like virus which has been deseribed in oarrots-
AFIp D!aq!1qslg- Necrosis, multifocal to coalescing, severe, liver,
.---+
gray parrol, avl.an-
African
Conferencenote. Aside from the numerousfoci of neerosis present in all
micrffiros].idesectionsa1socontainedoccasiona1fociofeaseous
necrosis surrounded by heterophils and a few multinucleated giant cells- Special
stains failed to demonstratecausative organismsin the granulomas,and these aleas
v{eteconsidered due to an intercurrent disease, possibl-ycolibacillosiscauses of viral necrotizing hepatitls in birds.
Attendees discussed the common
Although the electronphotomicrographsdo not indicate the size of the virus
particles, they do demonstrateparticles with somecubic symmetry,a &nse central
core, and no evidence of an envelope. In negatively stained micrographs of the
virus, capsometescannot be distlnguished. This is not the case for herpes and
adenovitusesA recent study of 01d t'lorld psittacine birds imported into Belgium revealed a
widespreadprevalence of orthoreoviruses- The primary lesions noted were
hepatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia,resulting in up to 100%mortality of some
shipments of imported birds (Meulemans
et,a1., 1983).
ContributorStat"idi'filffiffile,
C. E- Kord Animal Disease Laboratory, P.0. Box 40627rl'4elrose
Tennessee 37204.
SJqoestedReadinoAshton, ht.L.G. et al-: Suspectedreovirus - associated hepatitis in parrots.
Vet. Rec- L!42476, 1984Mandell.i, G. et al.:
Experirrental reovirus hepatitis in newbornchicks. Vet.
Path. I5z 57I-543, 1978.
lbulemans, G. et al.:
Isolation of orthoreoviruses from psittacine birds. J.
Comp.Path. 93t L27-I34, 1983.
Val.der, u{- A-; Cauhl, C-i Luthgen, frf. et a1-: Viral Liver disease in parrots.
I- Clinical, pathological, epidemlologieal observations and transmission
experirents. Praktische. Tierarzt. 6!z IZ7-I29, 1980.
I{inston, J. R. et a1-: Isolatlon of a new reovirus from chumsalmon in Japan.
Fish Path. 15: 155-162, 1981.
(AFIP 1
III - Univ of
-yeat
hound was D
withafirm6cmx4cmmass
within-the subcutis of the left inguinal regional, and a history of weight loss,
intermittent lameness, and pyrexia (104.9o) for two months. Signs were-transiently
responsive to antibiotic therapy- Popliteal lymph nodes were enl.argedand the
animal was icteric.
Biopsy of the inguinal mass revealed ehronic-actire
cellulttisThe animaL was hospitalized, no improvementswere noted, and the dog
was euthanatized.
Gross Fbtholgqv-_ The animal was emaciatedand icteric.
Popliteal lynph nodes
wer@arge6emx2cmmasSwaspresentwithinthesubcutisofthe
left inguinal area. Internal lymph nodes and spleen were enlarged and firm. The
]iver was approxlmately three times normal size, mottled tan/br5wn, friable, and
had an aecenuatedlobular pattern- (Gross photo).
Laboratorv Resu1ts.
24%
Hematoerit
ll{Bc
Segs
Lymp
bno
Total Bilirubin
Direct Bilirubin
SAP
fs
Coomb
44,!OO/nn7
4I,895/nns
I,323/nn2
882/nns
1.4
.7
I44A Lu/
N e g( r g G ,r g M ,c )
1) Severe, diffuse hepatic amyloidosis.
& C_o-mmeo!.
gyjllTrtype Iv.
s - Mvcgbacterium
2)
3) Severe,
diffuse granulomatoussplenitis - Mvcobacteriumavian type IVThe1ivercontained1argeamo@fibri11armateria](amy1oid)
within the sinusoids. There was markedatrophy of the hepatic plates- Seattered
periportal and centriLobular aecumulationsof lymphocytes, macrophages
and
oecasional neutrophils were evident. Mild biliary duetal hyperplasia was present.
The spleen contained infiltration
of the parenchymaby macrophages,epithelioid
eells, and oecasional muJtinucleate giant cells. Foci of neutrophils and cellular
debris were scattered throughout the seetions. Perivascu.Laraccumulationsof
amyloid were evidentAdditional findings in this anlmal ineluded perivaseular amyloid accumulation
withln the lamina proprla of the small intestine and mild glomerular amyloid
deposition- A granulomatousreaction was present within the popliteal and visceraJ
lymph nodes and within the subcutaneousmass.
In Congored stained sections of the liver, spleen, and small intestlner the
sinusoidaL and perivascular eosinophilic fibrillar
material was orange and had
ligftt green birefringence when viewed with polarized light, consistent witn
amyloid. In Ziehl-Neelsen stained sections of spleen, llver, popliteal and
internal lymph nodes and the inguinal mass, variable nr-nnbers
of long, slender
acid-fast organisms wete present within macrophages
and epithelioid-cellsGrowth
of Mvgo,b.acteriyp
aylqm type tv was obtained from-lymphnode cultures using the
Ftsmold/egg yolk slant methodby the Mycobacteriumand Brucella section oi tne
National Veterinary Service Labbratory, Ames, Iowa.
AFIP Diaonosis- Amyloidosis, diffuse, moderateto severe, with mild subacute
perivasculitis, Iiver, basset hound, canine.
Conferenceltcte.
A Congored stain of the liver demonstratesvery faint orange
coloration of the sinusoidalfibrillar material. TheDepartnpnt
of Histochemistr!
states-that despitethe weakstaining of this material, it displaysa green
birefringenceunderpolarizedlight andis consistentwith amyloid- l-bst attendees
thought this material was subendothelial in location. A Zieni-Neelsen demonstrates
acid fast bacteria (AFB) within a few phagocytic cells in one portal area.
The Ziehl-Neelsen stains of the spleen demonstrate numerousAFBthroughout- An
H&Eof the spleen reveals oecasional foci of caseousnecrosis and a singlS
granulona- This granulomawas found to eontain nurnerousAFB- Additionilly, there
are numerousneutrophils throughout the spleen_
A differential
and also
diagnosis to include other speeies of Uy,cob?cterium
Nocardia,wasoiicrlriE_!v-itt"n;?;;:--.Ngs.fdla has a more-FeEii6d'-an-lfilamentous
a p p e a r a n c e t h a n - o t n . ' = n r B ; L @ . n d @ 1 ? 1 ! h 9 y g h m o r e c o mAFB
m oinn ithis
n
the dog than u- avium, are not F numerouswf'tffi:n phcase-
ytes as-the
ayiurJr,even experimentally'.there
Despite resistance of dogs to infection by t'4--T[Ts
suspected that infection
infectibnf
naturat
oi
receni-"epoits
are severar
usually oecurs as a xesult of a defect in cell-mediated immunity, and that
organlims often enter through the gastrointestinal- tractContqi_Lu_t_qLUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary lvledicine' 3800
ladelphia' Pennsylvania I9104Sprueeffif,-Firi
fuooested readino.
ffi,A-iKoff,R.s-eta1-lHepaticamy1oidosis-a
histopathoiogf6 analysi! of'primary (AL) and secondary (AA) forms- Am. J- Path.
1 1 5 ( 2 ) : 1 8 6 -1 9 3 ' 1 9 8 4 .
Beunont,P.R-;JezykrP.F-,andHaskins,M.E-:MVcobacteriumavlum
infection ln a dog. J. Srn.Anim. Pract. 22t 9I-97' 1981"
Fe1dnan,}{. H:: The pathogenicity for dogs of bacllli of avian tuberculosisJ. Ao. Vet. |€d. Assoc- 75: ,99-419, I93O.
avium selotype
Infection of a dog with Mvcobacterium
Friend, S-C.E- et al.:
Path.
1979.
L5: tAI-384,
II.
Vet.
Glenner, G. a.: Amyloii Oeposits and amyloidosis. l'tewEng- J. Med- ,O2Q3)l
I28>I292; tO2(24) t L333-L343, 1980.
Jakob, Vt.t SpontaneousamyJ-oidosisof mammals. Vet. Path. 8t 292-3(X, I97IKisilevsky, R.: Amyloidosis: A familiar problemln light of cunent
pathogenetic
developments. Lab- Invest. 49: tBI-787, 198r'
witsn, K- M. and Losco, P- E.: Caninemyeobacteriosis:A ease report. J. Am-
Anim. l-bsp- Assoc. 2Oz29*299, 1984.
mycobaeteriaand associateddiseases. Am.Rev.
Wolinsky,E.: Nontuberculous
Resp-Dis. 119: 107-159,1979.
Ar
t'ale cat was presented with ataxia, anorexiar and a
ch had an acute onset about 10 days prior to admission- Physlcal
examinatlon revealed bilateral multifocal, white, raised fundic lesions in both the
tapetal and nontapetal regions. There was no nystagmus and the cat had normal
reflexes and muscle strength.
Gross
10 days with no signrs of cl-inical improvementthe cat was euthanatizedsmall (2-5 mm)white nodules
scattered throughout the mesentery.
Tfe only gross lesions at necropsy were multifocal,
LaboratorvResultsSerumantibody titers included:
FIP
1;1000
Toxoplasma no titer
Blastomyees no titer
Histoplasma no titer
Cryptococcus no titer
The cat wasnegative for feline leukemiavirus, and had a normall{BC- Culture of
the left eye producedpure colonies of Qandi_{e
.alb-icans.
q o - O E n c e p h a l i t i s , s u b a c u t e , m u l t i f o c a l '
moOe
r'rorpno1ogicauy,@theeerebrUmwere4-8umb1astosporeswith
(rare in these
irregular, nlrrow-bised budding and oecasional pseudohyphae
sectlons)- fn addition to the-cerebral lesions, there vlasa multifocal
Similar organismswere
pyogranulomatous
retinitis, nephritis and peritonitis.
found in aLl of these tissues.
AFIP Diaqnosis. Polioencephalitis, perivascular,.granulomatous,multifocal,
mi1ffiiona1funga1yeasts,cerebrum,brain,domesticshorthalr'
feline.
Note. Conferenceattendees noted a predominantly perivascular
The differential diagnosis includes
t-fiis infection.
histoplasmosj.s, mlcrosporidiosis, and toxoplasmosis. The size variation and
refraetile walI of organismsin this case help to rule out Histopl.asma. 0rganism
s5.ze,staining ( H & E ) i n d 1 o c a t i o n a r e n o t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o @ , - n o t i s
the morphologycompatible with Toxoplasma. Several attendeeEGdi3iffii'
sporotriehosis which is rarely ffifia-ted
and usually stimulates a more
pronouncedhost response- Additionally, there was possibly somefibrosis and
l
mineralization of the meninges,probably unrelated to the disease process.
Disseminatedcandidiasis is rare and often associated with prolonged
immunosuppression,
antibiotic therapy, diabetus mellitus, and/or intravenous
catheterizatlon.
Circulating neutrophils are thought to be a major defense agalnst
candidiasis; dissemination, therefore, i.s seen in neutropenic humansand dogs with
experimentally-induced neutropenia. 0nce bloodborne, organismsare filtered by
lungs, Iiver, and kidneys, and also by the microcirculation of peripheral tissues
such as muscle and skin. Embolic colonization results at these sites.
Lipton et al. (1984) have found Candidato be the most prevalent cause of human
cerebral mycosis. A clue to eentraFE;f-ous-system candidal infections is a
strikingly high percentage of patients who also have myocardial or valvular
endocardial infections.
Parenchymalpresentations have included thrombosis,
vaseulitis, abscess, hernorrhage,demyelination, and two previously unrecognized
lesions: fungus balls in both the white and gray matter, and mycotic aneuilsms.
Contrlbutor. Departmentof Pathology and Parasitology, Auburn University
ScndTldFrGEffinary Mediclne, Auburn, Aiaaama^
Suqoestedreadino.
_ Lipton, S. A- et a1.: Candidal infeetion in the central nervous system- Am.
J. l€d- 75: 101-108, 1984.
fvlcCausland,I- P- : Systemic mycosesof two cats- NewZealand Vet. J. 20:
10-12, 1972.
l'{cCaw'D. et al.:__Pyothorax causedby CandidaaLbieansin a cat. J. Am. Vet.
fvted.Assoc- 185: 3II-1IZ, 1984.
_ Soltys' M. A., and Sumner-Smith,G.: Systemicmycosesin dogs and cats.
Canad-Vet. J- 12: 191-199, I97I.
. Stone' H- H.; Kolbl L" D. I Currie, C. A- et a1.: Candida-sjpsrs.: pathogenesis
and principles of treatment- Ann. surg. r79z 697-7rl,W
DAVIDL. FRITZ
Captain, VC, USA
F,
Results
Slide Conference- No' 8
AFIP V,lednesday
31 October 1984
ConferenceModeratol: Ronald W. Trotter,
MA J,V C , USA
Diplomate' ACVP
l{ashington, DC 2OtO6
t606-3 (AFrP
384).
ffi-t,lanx
cat presented with abdominal distension
of
Gross Pathologv.
[email protected]
discover6d at the hilus of the liver in the area of the bile duct lnvolvlng severaL
At necropsy temnants of a neoplastic mass were found at
aOjacent lobes of liver.
tnE ligated stgmp of the bile duct'ahd involving several centlmeters of adJaeent
No neoplasia was found in any other olgans.
liver.
LaboratorL ReSl$F. The abdominal fluid was classified
tranEUdate on cytologic examination-
as a modified
Contributorts Diggnosis & Commgnt. Carcinosarcomaof the bile duct.
mixture of elllptlgal_cells ln bundles
cells stain positive
intersptrsed'with ?6ca1 areab of small ducts. The elliptical
for smooth muscle with Van Gieson and a few of the small ducts stain with the
Thus there is both leiomyosalcomaand bile duct
Luna-Ishak method for bile.
carcinosarcoma.
diagnosis
making
the
carcinoma
The origin of this neoplasmis believed to be within the cystie ol cqilnon bile
duct. The iection submitted showsa muscular wall of a tubular strueture along one
edge, and somesections have an epithelial lining covering this mr.lscularlayerOtiei sectlons (not submitted) show the neoplasmwithin the muscular wall of the
ga11b1adder.
and epithelial componentsare reported most
Mixed tumors of both mesenchymal
glands,
and are usually benign. Malignant mixed
and salivary
commonlyin mammary
tr.rnors also occur but only one componentis usually malignant, most often the
epithelial tissue.
stumpof bile duct (per contributor)1ltanx,
AFIPDiaqnosis. Leiomyosarcoma,
feIi.ne.
Conference f,lot,e,. The presence of large nerve trunks and thrornbosedor neerotic
arte@themassandwell-differentiatedsmoothmusc]einone
peripheral area of the mass is consistent with the with the necropsy observations
that the mass involved the ligated stump of the bile duct.
The attendees noted elongated spindle cells arranged in prominent bundles' and
most were of the opinion that this neoplasmwas a ]eiomyosarcoma. The Department
o f So f t T i s su e P a th o l o g y, A F IP , also thought this neoplasmwas m ost Iikely to be a
leiomyosarcoma.
The ductular structures in microslides examinedby conference attendees were
interpreted by most attendees as pre-existing; howevei, someattendees considered a
diagnosis of carcinosarcomadue to the wide ipacing of the glandular elements and
occasional bizarre-looking epithelial cells. The departmeniof Hepatic pathology,
AFIP' also considered the glandular structures to be benign ol reactive.
Leiomyosarcomas
are more common
in cats than othet species; cholangiocellular
carcinomasalso oceur in the cat, but careinosarcomasinvolvin! tnese [wo neoptasms
have not been reported in this species, and are rarely reportei in man. Brief
reviews of eurrent concepts on the,histiogenesis of eircinosarcomas
- may
-r be read in
recent papers by Huszar et al. (1994) and-by Born et al. (tgg4).
contributortvirgT;EGF,-6-Ia
Division of Pathobiology, College of veterinary Medicine,
ctsOuig, virgini a Z4A5I.
Suooestedreadino.
Elorn' M' lv.i Ramey,I{. G.I Ryan, S. F. et a1.: Carcinosarcoma
and carcinomaof
the gallbladder. Cancer Sjt ZI77-2I77, I9g4:
Huszarr M.i HeIgzPg, E. i Liebermani Y. et aJ.: Distinctive immunofluorescent
labeling of epithelial-and mesenchymal
elements of carcinoia"c*.
with antibodies
specific for different intermediat6 filaments. Hr.rm.path. 15:
5tz-5tg,
1994.
lvbulton, J- E. (Ed.): Tumorsin DomesticRnimats. znd--d.,
uniuiisiiv
ot
California Press, Berkeley, 1979.
AF
sue
an
the a
:.:n:::i::_:::i:i:_and
where the cat
was euthanatized.
th-old spayed female, 1ilac point Himalayancat
chorioretinitis. rne'eouri.b.t""i";;;'il
i.i"t
GrossPathol99y- Bilateral. corneal protrusion with central (2-3mm)
erosions.
t-ive@*i.h;;ttered,ualeiv-ui.int",.grey-whitefo
ci.Leftkidney
has a group of 2-lnrm,raised nodules'along-tneanterolateral midline.
.the
.^W
AntibodytitertoInfectiousFe1inePeritonitisvirusat
time
of adnissiorrwas Z l:gbOOO.
t.
Hydrocephalus.E pendymitis,
tis, granulomatous,chronic.
Leptomeningoencepha
li ti s, granulomatous,chronic. Vasculitis.
Interstitial
brain
edema.
Etiologic Diagnosis: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus. FIp (CNS
Lateral ventricles are bilaterally dilated. A moderateto marked forrn).
inflanrmatory
cell infiltrate.invoLves the ependymai
lining of the ventricles and extendsinto
the adjacent white matter and neuropil. llos[ or these c"tti-."" rymphocytes
and
plasmacells with lesser nr.rnbers
of rac"opnigesand neutrophils. Cells are
frequentlv located perivascularly but do hoi"ippe"r to be directly
affecting
vessels except
small veins which are necrotic and have eosinophilic materiaL
exuding from them indicative of protein loss. The ependymal1ining is distorted
becauseof the inflarrmatory proeess. rn severar areii,-"pJnovral
cells are
absent' The brain parencnymaadjacent to ine-ventriel6s-is pire anO
vacuolated.
- 2 -
gemistPcylie gIiOSiS and
In more severely affected areas, there is a-marked in tne most affected areas'
is
numetousaxonal spheroids. Cavitationpeiirbi-,tiicri"r
"pptoacntd area is_ considerably less
io-ine
peripherar
The cerebral. cortex
be identified in the
affected. A mild inflammatory "tff infiltrate can
leptomeninges.
granulomatous'diffuse'
AFIP Diaonoses. 1) Periventriculitis and ependymitis'
sutepeng'Ftperivasculitis'
-i)
severe,witn maffia,tivoiol"il;i;;,-;nJ-oirtu.e
f-eptomeningitis, granu]gmatous,.
cetebtum, lilac point Himalayanl-i"ii"".
witn feline colonavirus
multifocal, minimar to mild' ttitoi'm'-etioiogyl-"otp"tiute
(FIP).
in the tissue sections
ConferenceNote. Conferenceattendees noted a variation more
neutrophils than
eontains
;;;i;;niiicuritis
submitted; in #e:se"iio"I,'il;
of the
inflarrnation
The
others and was therefore diagnosed aS pyoglanulomatous'
in
while
meningesis llmited to the ueni""i ctr'el,rif surface in manysectlons,
otheri it extends deep into the ventral longitudinal fissure'
rn
The possibLe eauses of the hydrocephalus seen in this case v{ele dlscussed'
aqueduct
man, hydrocephalusis a frequent'sequeta to.sclerosis of the cerebral
as to a
ioiio-i"g-iniection by reo- ano-roid.ckie viruses. Attendeesspeculated
to
slmilar effect by feline .oron.uirur. rn still other infections, obstruction
vessels'
and
meninges
the flow of csF'is carrio by fibrosis of the subarachnoid
leading to reducedabsorption of CSF.
pedersen(1gg4) and August (1gg4) have recently written.r-rp-to-datesunnarlesof
the
feline coronavirus disease. Thesepapersare wortiry of-review. In the catr
and
blood.monocytes,
FIp coronavirui-nas a tropism for tissue macrophages,
pr6ouieo
i1_lhe various forms of the
antibody
The-serurm
cel.ls.
retlcul.oenclothelial
disease is not-neuiralizing bui opsonizesthe- virions facllitating theirpnigoeytosls by targJt cefis within which viral replication then takes place' In
ion6 animals, ine ficX of cell-mediated immunitywith tFreplesenceof high serum
disorders and abundanteffuslons
.ntiOoOVlevils results in immune-conplex
disease. In those animals wlth a
form
this
of
effusive
the
of
cnaractiristic
ate "walled-offrr by
pailiar cetr-meoiated immunity, ine virus-infected macrophages
i-granulomatousinflamnratoryiesponsein target olgans, resuJting.ln the--
noneffusive form of the dlseaie.' Those animils which develop a stong cel}-mediated
inmunity are able to suppress the infection; however, virus-infected macrophages
can periist, and the latent infection may be reactivated by stress or
(FeLV, glucocorticoids, etc. ).
inmr-rnosuppression
Contributor. School of Veterinary lu{edieine,North Carolina State Llniversity'
Raleigfr, North Carolina 27606.
Suooestedreadinq.
ffiineinfectiousperitonitis:Aninrnune-rediatedcoronavira}
rn The vitirj.nary clinics of North America, small Animal Practice, Vol
vasculitis.
1 4'( 5 ) , S a u n d e rs,1 9 8 4 , P . 7 9 "
xium, S.1 Johnson, k., and l{ilson, J.: Hydrocephalusassociated with the
J. Am. Vet. l'bd. Assoc' 157(8):
noneffusive iorm of F;li# Infectious Peritonitis746-758, L975.
pedersen, N. C. : Feline coronovaris infections.
Il)JClinical .Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Chapt. 29, C.T. Green, (Ed.), Saunders,
1984,p. 514.
Pratt, P. W.: Feline MediCine. Ist Ed., Am.Vet. Publ., Inc., 1983,lI6-L23'
- 3 -
CaseIII - 8a-1580(AFIP1?aa?99L
reed bitch presentedwith 2-monthhistory o f
. - . r ' _ r ,
an o r e x t a , p o ryo i p i i l ,
p h y s i c a l e x a m.
p o l yu ri a a nd lethar gy.
A per ir ectal masswas detected on
Gross Patholoov.
ffi1inica1Iywassurgica11yremoved.Itwasapparent1ywe11
de m a r c a t e d l,o b u l a te d , ta n , a n d ovoid ( 3x2x4 cm) .
Laboratorv Results.
ffi.7ng/dI24hourspriortosurgeryand10.5mg/d124hours
post-surgery.
of apocrine glands of anal
Contributor's Diaonosls & Commpnt. Adenocarcinoma
sac with tumor associated hypercalcemia.
Sections markedly vary in the ratio of solid to glandular tissue. A poor
prognosis was given because of the high rate of recurrence and metastasis expected
with this neoplasm.
AFIP Diaonosis. Adenocarcinoma,
tubulosolid, apoerine, perirectal
mi
xe
d
contributor),
b re e d , ca n i n e.
(per
Conference Note. A11 Conferenceattendees diaonosed aoocrine oland
adenocarcinomabased on the histomorphology of the bimorphic tumor (solid and
glandular patterns) and the history of hypercalcemia which resolved after tumor
exclsion. A differential
diagnosis of endocrine neoplasm, based upon tFre
endocrine-like rrnestingl of the eellsr carr be ruled out because of the overall
morphologyand polarity of the cells.
Pseudohyperparathyroidism(PHP)of malignancy in the dog is most connonly
associated with lymphosarcoma,but is also seen in adenocarcinomasof the apocrine
glands of the anal sacs, mammary
gland adenocarcinomas,and pancreatic carcinomas.
The effectors of hypercalcemia are currently the subjects of intensive research.
In man, osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) is a product of normal lynphocytes, and
is knownto increase in multiple myelomaand lymphoma(potts, lg8r).
Prostaglandlns, especiaLly of the E seriesr fidy be locally-actlve mediators of bone
resorptlon and have been associated with PHPin neoplasmsof man, mice, and rabbits
(l'leuten, et aL., 1981). The hypercalcemia in dogs with adenocarcinonra-ofthe
apocrine glands of the anal sacs appears to be due to a factor distlnct from OAF,
prostaglandins' PTH, and vitamin D, but is thought to alter vitamin-D metabolism by
increasing the activity of l alpha-hydroxylase in the kidney (|'teuten, Capen,
Kociba, Cooper, 1982).
Bone changes due to PFF show no increases in osteoblasts or in osteoid seamsin
contrast to changes produced by hyperparathyroidism. Direct tumor involvement of
bone is not a feature of PHP.
Contributor.
ueoiEiifrdi$Etate
Deoartmentof Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary
university, Columbus,0hio 4t2!O.
Suqqested readino.
Hause, hl. R. I Stevenson, S. I Meuten, D. J. et al..: Pseudohyperparathyroidism
associated with adenocarcinomasof anal sac origin in four dogs. J. A$. Anim.
Hosp. Assoc. 17: 37r-379, 1981.
_ l t _
associated
, . C ' e t al.: HyPercalcemia
, . J . ; C a p e nC
M e u t e nD
, . J . ; C o o p e rB
Vet'
sac.
anal
the
glands
of
with an adenocarcinoma derived from the apoerine
Path. 18: 454-4I' 1981.
in dO gSw i th
l € u t e n , D . J.i S e g re , G. V .; Capen,C.. C. êt a1.: Hyper CalCemia
and
Biochemical
sacs:
derived rrom apoltinE-gi.nds of the anal
adenocarcinoma
1983'
La5. Invest. 48: 428-47',
niitotorpnometric-invJstigations.
G. J. et a1.: Anim al m odelof hum an
Kociba,
C
.;
t € u t e n , D. i .; C a p e n ,-C .
disease: nypercif6emib oi malignancy; hypercalcemiaassociatEd with an
apocrine"gla;d; or'tne anal sacs- Am. J. Path' lo9t v66-37o,
;i-t$
adenocarcinoma
1982.
Meuten, D. J.i Capen, C. C.; KOCiba,G. J. et a1.: Ultrastructural evaluation
with
of adenocarcinomasderives from'apocrine glands of the anal sac assoclated
in dogs. Am- J. Path. 107: 167-175, 1982'
hypercalcemia
'--loiiOin,
R. v{., and powers, B. E.: Bonechangesin hypercalcemiaof malignancy
in dogs. J: Am. Vet. Med. Assoc- Ig3: 44L-444, l?83.p6tts, J. T. Jr.: Disorders of
the parathyroid g1ands.,_.IhHartlsonrs
-pe[eisboif,
Adams5t al- (EG.), Chapt. tt9, 10th
principles of Internal tledicine.
Edition, McGrawHill' 1983, P- I9r4J. P. et aL.:
R i j n b e r k' A .; E l si n g h o rst, A . M.1 Koeman,
in elderly
peiireetal
adenocarcinomas
with
Pseudohyperparathyroidismassociated
1978.
1059-1075,
103:
female dogs. TiJdschr. Diergeneeskcl.
Case IV
AFIP 1
i canine developedpolyurla/polydypsia on
with a blood glucose level of 100
1983thls dog had 4+ glucosuria
2/8I.
-1.5).
At this time Fanconl-llke syndrome
mg./dl. It was also hypothyroid (T4 =
presented
in renal failure; and
was
dog
the
1983
In
June
was suspected.
subsequentlydied.
-TrErit
Gross Patholoov. There was ulceration ln the oral cavity and gastric_
nemoffiysweres1ight1ysma11erthannorma1andhaduneven1y
tni capsule s[ripied cleanly, but the cranial pole of the left
narrowed cortices.
kidney was distorted by a segrmentalcleft and a cone-shapeddepression, which was
about .5xl cm. The tips of the renal papillae were pa1e.
Laboratorv Resu1ts.
ffion6/28/83were:SAP:43mu/m],creatinine5.7mg/c,}'BUN
138 mg/dl, serum phosphorus9.3 mgldl, serum Ca L2.9 mgldl, alblrmin 3.9 gn/dl,
serum-chl.oride-91rneq/L, serum sodium IlO/neq/I, serum potassium 5.I/teq/I.
chronic,
Contributor's Diaqnosis & Comment. Nephropathy, tubulointerstitigl'
d i f a } k a r y o m e 9 a I y a n d r e n a 1 p a p i 1 I a r y n e c r o s i s ,
acute, bilateral, consistent with Fanconi-Iike syndrome(renal tubular dysfunction
defect) of Besenji dogs.
Many
fibrosis.
Kidney - There is moderate to marked diffuse interstltial
necrotic
convoluted tubul.es contain either numeroushyaline droplets ot some
epithelium; most convoluted tubules eontain attenuated epithelium which have huge
hyperchromatic nuclei with large, eosinophilic nucleoli; someof these karyomegalic
nuclei are up to l0 mierons in diameter. There are a few obsolescent glomerulit
but most glomeruli appear fairly normaL. Manycollecting ducts in the medulla
contain granular hyaline casts. The distal l/3 of the renal papilla is necrotic;
at the junction with viable tissue, there is a zone of neutrophils.
tr
1 ) F i b ro sS .s,inter stitial,
cor tical, moder ate,kidne y ,
. ^ ^sê4nl 4j i$, qcgaenin n. e . 2 ) T
Ba
u b u l a r d e gener ationand necr osis, dilfuse, m oder ater 'w i th
mild multifocal subacute inters[it:.ai nJpniitis, and multifoca]
tubular
k a r y o m e g a ly,ki d n e y. v) N e cro sis,.co"gr iali;;,' oiffuse,
i.ur
r
",
r enal pa pi l l a,
kidney, etiology--consistent with' ischjmia.
9onfepnq?Note. In addition to the histomorphologicehangesincluded ln the
not.J
; ffi;;;5;;;"F;L!''lr,!irJ'i;i:=in.inJ
T:l:?+:?Tf5gi31"?i
..!!.!d,",
diiiyirn-i,i,",,i;;";";;.
yitf_ll
r.ffi,;#i#:"iirlil il
::::i:i::ir.,?:li::
'iil,'lnl"ll3Tri!?i
'aii""l".I"iil,ini
i:::t:::"1"::l?^::,i:l:T!:-.19!ilii;iit-ir-;;'-;o;;'l-ii,Ii'"il'illo;';'iloi
l3:;":?:
;::":i:ff*,:':::"pltt*":F!;,
ff0ff'li.3"l,,,rt
:?.:::+:":::
::::::ll,::.* :irf;-.-,"""".-,,i,.tiJi"Y.'uiljlJ
ffi;;:ilsi:#i;':.;13?il,'1,"f
vfc
imha'lanao^- ^ -^--:--!.
electrolyte
imbaiances,
6r-a
comninationof these.
Renal tubular dysfunction (RTD)has been
reported in Basenjies and several
other breeds of dog, and has beencompared
to
idiopathic Fanconi (De
Toni-Debre-Fanconi)'syndrom.
in r.n oii.tio"i by Heptinstari eg74). A stucty
Breitschwerdt,ochoa,-andwJriman-rrg8il,-hJirur",
by
of RTDin the Basenji t.y oJ-ore at leasi in'part suggeststhat the pathogenesis
to hypereortisorism. rn-addition
to documented
renat-tuouiai-transport defects ii".irolig'girlg:r,
aminoacids,
phosphate,sodium,potassium;-il-;;i.-I.iiil
Basenjieswith RrDhavean
antidiuretic hormone-resistanturinary concentrating
defect indrcative of
nephrogenlcdiabetes insipidus.. itypeiadrenoeortisoiiir
i, thought to contribute to
the urinarv-co?9e?trating-Jeiect
a;;;;al-mecnaniqms,
Any rerationshlp between
these renal deflciencies-ano
-gl'i"op'tnv,
otn"r"i;poiiioiv-il.,herited oisorolrs of the Basenji
eleetrn]
SiT:itffi":tliilili:i-'
Jno'rvmphocvtic-;1;;;;cvtic
enterrtis
), has
,,.F:0,m**'T;lffintofVeterinaryPatobio1ogy,|JniversityofMinnesota,
Sr/ocestqd
leadinq.
uoveet K' c' et al': characterizationof
renal defects in dogswith a syndrome
similar to Fanconi-syndromi
in rrn. J. Am.Vet. Med.-A;;;. r74z to94-r099
Bovee,K' c' (Ed:): Geneticano r.t.o.ri.
, rg79.
diseases.-E canrne|€phrology.
Chapt.16, Harvardpubl. co.l-fgao,
p.-t|t:--Breitschwerdt, E' B' et aI-:
-lfultiple endocrineabnormalities ln Basenji dogs
with renal tubular oysrunc{lon. J.
Am.'vet. Med.Assoc. lgt; rt4g-1i53, 1963.
Easley, J' R' et al.: Glueosuriaarsoci.ted
with renai-iuoular dysfunctionin
three Basenji_9ogs. J. Am.vit. ueo. Assoc.
iee,
9rg, 1976.
Heptinstall'-R' H.: sundryconditions afieeting
renar iubules. rn pathology
of the kidney. 2nd Ed-, cnapl. 27, Liial;,-Brown
& co., rg74, p. rOfr
DAvr DL. FRITZ,v.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Departmentof Veteriniry pathoiogy
- 6 -
ResuIt.s
AFIP Wednesday S l i d e C o n f e r e n c e- N o . 9
7 November1984
Conference Moderator:
W l l l i a m C . H a l 1 , V M D ,P h D
DiplomaLe, ACVP
Microbiological Associates
5221 River Road
Bethesda, MD 20816
Case I - 82-0011 (AFIP 1950246).
J m o u s e . Mice were controls from a vaccine studyt
were unvaccinatedand represent positive
They
virus.
with Sendai
c o n t r o l s . The test was to determinethe effectiveness of Sendaj.vaccine. They
were killed L2 days following inoculation.
Gross Patholoqv.
witn@y-shaped
Multiple areas of atelectasis
l-l mmfoci.
were observed and associated
Contributor's Diagnosis & Comment. Bronchiolitis, proliferativer
lith squamous
m e t a s t i t i a 1 p n e u m o n i a , m u 1 t i f o c a 1 , w i t h s q u a m o U S
metapIas5.a,moderate to severe.
This r6sponse is characteristic of Sendai-infected mice of the L29/J strain.
This strain is highly susceptible to lethality from infection with Sendai virus.
Necrotizing changEs of airways typical of Sendai in more resistant mousestraj-ns
Nude athymic
occur earller in-resistant mbuse-strains comparedwith the I29/J.
L29/Jof
the
these
to
lesions
mice develop similar
Bronchiolitis and peribronchial pneumonitis, proliferative,
subacute, minimal to moderate, with squamousmetaplasia, lung, I29/J mouse, rodenLt
etiology--compatible with Sendai virus.
AFIP Diaonosis.
+
and
ConferenceNote. The differential diagnosis discussedincl-udedMycoplasma
pulmonis,
of
exuberant
nodules
caused by Mycoplasma
neopffiions
tyminoiotissueareprominentarouhdffio1es1suchnodu1esarenot
infections is the terminal
evident in this case. Another feaLure of Mycoplasma
bronchiolar ectasia with abundantintralumfhETJre ophils, also not evident in
this case. Manyattendees consideredneoplasia of the alveolar and bronchiolar
epithelial cells due to the markedproliferation of these cells. However,the
mi.rltifocal peribronchiolar pattern of proliferation which extends out into alveoli
is not typical of a primary lung neoplasm.
The proliferative responseof bronchiolar and al-veolar epithelial cells is
probably never seen in rats, and is also unusual in the mousewith the exception of
the sevlral strains (to inciude Lhe I29/J) tnat are susceptible to Sendai virus
( P a r k e r , V ,/h i te ma n
R,i ch te r, L g l S) ( Br own- Steinet aI., 1981) . In suscept i bl estrains, airway and alveolar epithelial proliferation occurs first, followed ]ater
by n e c r o s i s . In n o n su sce p ti b l estr ains necr osis often occur s fir st, follow ed by
re p a r a t i v e ep i th e l i a l p ro l i fe ra ti on. Necr osis of infected cells is thought to be
due to a delayed immunologicalresponse(immunecomplexplus complement)rather
t h a n t o a p r i ma ry e ffe ct o f th e vir us.
N u m e r o usyn
s cyti a l ce l l s a re also evident in affected aieas of the lung i n thi s
c a s e . Pa r a myxo vi ru seco
s n ta i n a fusion ( F) pr otein on the vir ion sur face that
induces fusion of virion with plasmamembrane
once attachmentis established by
hemagglutj-nin. Susceptibility of host cel1s dependsupon their contenL of
proteases which cleave F into two fragments. V/henadjacent host cells generate
large amountsof F fragments, their plasmamembranes
mayreduplicate and be induced
t o f u s e , r e s u l ti n g i n syn cyti a l ceIls. In this way, it' is believed, the vir us c an
spread from ceII to ceII without being exposedto host immunesurveillance
(C h e v i l l e , 19 8 3 ).
COntributor
Minrnhinlnniâ1
A
r r Jsr s
u eor c
q u' iua
e tt p s , 5 2 2 L R i v e r R O a d , B e t h e S d a , t " f a r y l a n d
zogrE::''-vivururvuius:
Suqqested readino.
B r o w n s t e i n ,. D . G . ; s m i t h , A . L . ; J o h n s o n , E . A . : S e n d a i v i r u s i n f e c t i o n i n
genetically resistant and susceptible mice. Amer. J. path. 105: I56-I6j,
19gi.
Respiratory tract lesions in weanling outbred rats infected
... Castleman,W- L.:
wlth Sendai virus.
Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: LOZ4.IOIL, IgBi.
N
.
F
.
:
Cell Pathology. 2nd Ed., Iowa State University press, I9g3,
-Cheville,
pp 105, 45I.
- -Parker, J. -C., and Richter, C. B.: Viral diseases of the respiratorv svstem.
rn
TheMouse
BiomedicaL
Research,
Vol. rr, Foster, smarl, Fox, aa;;:i;-ft";i'i.
H r e s s , N e wy o r k , p p 1 0 9 - 1 5 9 .
P a r k e r , J . C . 1 . V ' / h i t e m a nM, . D : ; R i c h t e r , c . B . : s u s c e p t i b i t i t y o f i n b r e d
..
and
outbred mouse strains to Sendai yglg and prevalence of infection in laboratory
rodents. Infect. ImmunoL.19: IZ7-I1O, L979.
leeq rr - 84488 (AFrP r94758r). (Gross stide is included).
iversity-herd knownto
be persistently infected with bovine viral di.arrheavirus. The stebr had been
vaccinated with a modified live virus BVDvaccine on I Dec 8i. No clinical
abnormalities were noted after vaccination. 0n 15 Jan 84 the animal was exposedto
virulent cytopathic BVDvirus. It was clinically normal until 15 Mar g4 whbnit
developed anorexia, dehydration and severe, wateiy diarrhea.
It deteriorated
progressively
and was killed
22 l'|ar 84 after deveioping respiratory
signs.
Gross Pathology. Approximately 2O%of total lung volume was affected with
severe, subacute, serofibrinous pneumonia(slide 84437). In additi.on there were
erosions and ulcers of mucosaeoverlying the intestinal lymphoid areas, ulcers of
the abomasumand thickeninq of the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon.
Kidneys were enlarged and iate.
- 2 -
7xLA9
Laboratory Results. Lung ti ssue at necr oPsY:P asteur ella multocida '
of lung tissue.
CFU/gram
Blood immediatelyPrior to deathz 2550BVD-infectiousunits/m].
B V Dn e u tra l i za ti o n ti te rs: A gainst noncytopathicvir us ( Nebr aska,
a u t o g e n o u s )<: 4
n gain6t cytopathic vir us ( Singer str ain) :
IO24/nI
sever e, subacute,multifocal
C o n t r i b uto r'S D i a g n o si s& C omm
Pasteurell,?multocida'
umonia
sero
Thissteerhadchronicpersisteniinrectio@VDvirus.
'rmucosal
Challengedwith virulenl cytopathic BVDvirus, it developedthe chronic
diseasei form of bovine viial diarrhea. Becauseof severe acquired viral-induced
immunodeficiency, the animal developed disseminated necrobacillosis due to
Fusobacterium necrophorumand pneumoniacaused by PasteurelLa multocida.
The current hypothesis is that cattle becomepersistently infected with
virus after in utero infection. When,in post-nataI life,
noncytopathicBVDwith
a cytopathic virus, then mucosaldisease ensues.
infected
becorne
AFIP Dia
eoccoEa-ILli,
they
Pneumonia,fibrinocellular, diffuse, severe, with colonies of
Hereford, bovine, etiology--compatible with Pasteurella spp.
ConferenceNote. Discussion centered on the identity of clusters and whorls of
spinffibronchio].esanda1veo1i.Someattendeesconsideredtheseto
described by Jubb and Kennedy(L97O,VoI 1'
coincide with the oat-shapemacrophages
p. ?O2) who believe these cells to be derived from monocytes. Oncethese ceLls
enter the a1veo1i, their cytoplasmincreases in volumeand they elongate and
aggregateto form whorls which extend into adjacent alveolar ducts and respiratory
by fibrin, the inflammation is
bronchioles. Whenthese cells are accompanied
Somepathologists associate oat-shapedcells
sometimestermed "fibrinocellular".
with chronicity.
PasteureLla spp are a normal part of the upper respiratory tract flora of
rumiiEFffbliilare
not normally present in the lung. Viral infections, to include
BVD,PI3, and IBR, especially if augmented
by stress, render cattle more
susceptible and enhancethe proliferation of Pasteurella in the upper respiratory
These bacteria are inhaled into alveolf-w-Fffi-5onre(Pasteurella hemolytica)
tract.
arecapab1eofki11inga1veo1armacrophages.Re1easeofbio@
substancesfrom dying macrophages
causesinflammation and deposition of fibrin.
Endotoxin elaborated in the case of Pasteurella hemolytica is thought to be a major
initiator
A study 6y SFffi,-Tar{of the lesions.
an? Moffatt concluded that
lesions of P. hemolytica fulfill
the crj-teria of a fibrinous pleuropneumonia,
whereas those of P. multocida are more typically bronchopneumoniawith moderaLe
amounts of fibrinl
Discussion of other causesof fibrinous pneumoniain cattle included Hemophilus
and Mycoplasma.In other species which do not have septae to contain the
z
infection, Streptococcus is the classic cause of iobar pneumonia. Klebsiella l s
also a commiF-ErlFfFTaboratory
animals.
C o n t r i b uto r. N a ti o n a l A n i m a l D i s e a s e C e n t e r , P . 0 . B o x 7 0 , A m e s , I o w a 5 0 0 1 0 .
S u g g e s t e dr e a d i n q .
L l e s s r B . e t a I . : B o v i n e V' - -i vr vr vi sr grrlr i" av e: . r h n of\ uRv V D ) . D t s c h . T i e r a r z t .
Wschr. 90:
25r-266,
Lgg3.
Rehmtulla, A.
, . G.: A review of the lesions j.n shipping
i . , a n d T h o m p s o nR
fever of cattle.
Can. Vet. J. 22: I-g, 1981.
n! ; ! r E
vS nehti r re sf o'E
ol . l . . W a r d l G . E . ; M o f f a t t , R . E . : C o r r e l a t i o n o f m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l
and
histological findings in bovine fibrinous pneumonia. vet. path.
L5: tIt-1z1, Ig7g.
s l o c o m b e ,R . - F : i D i r k s e n , F . J . , e t a 1 . : r n t e r a c t i o n s o f
c o r _ ds t r e s s a n d
Pasteurella hemotytica in the pathogenesis of pneumonicpasteurellosis
in carves:
ffin.'.ioiogicandpatho1ogiechanges.Am.J.Vet'.Res.45:
I757-t76t, 1984.
S t e c k , F . e t a 1 . : I m m u n er e s p o n s i v e n e s si n c a t t l e f a t a l l y
affected by bovine
virus diarrhea-mucosal
disease. Zbr. Vet. Med.B 27: azg-aai rgeo.
Case III
- 72890 [2 s]idesl
(nrrp IB4947o).
lffioroximately t2 Y r s . r in large free
ranglng monkeycolony, noted with enrargementsurrouniinc
r i n h f femur.
Contributor I s
containing over 6000 animals.
Chondrosarcomawith metastasis to Luno.
observed in our rhesus breeding coloiies
AFrP Diagnosis. chondrosarcoma,
skin and lung, rhesus monkey,primate.
conferenc"
cartilagenous neoplasmsarise from
| r a t @ , a n d a 1 HLg+_
i o r a r e 1 y i r o m t h e s u b c u t i s . T h e m a t r i xcostochondral
o f t h e 1 u n g junctions,
neoprasmshowsweakpositivity with sirfranin o, and.
slightly greater positivity
with al-cian brue, indicative 6r acid mucoporv.i".r'raride,
probabry ehondroitin
sulfate' Skin sections are negati.vewith both stains. 'Some
H&Esections contain
condensedpink material, suggestive of osteoiJ, within
the tumor.
The history in this case suggests that this neoplasm
-an-osteosarcoma
from the femur. rn
the experienceof the Departmen[-oforthop"oi.-p"thblogy, arose
which
breechesthe bone cortex can have-the hislologic appearance
of
a
bone,
cartilage,
or fibrous connective tissue neoplasmoutsioe-or ti-r" bonel *itnin
the bone,
however' it will always 100k like an osteogenic neopr_asm.
someattendees also noted a granular green to yelrow
black pigment within the
lung, suggestive of mite pigmenti rporiioiv-t"*lyrr*1.
Contributor.- National-center for Drugs and Biologics, FDA, gg00
Rockville
Pite, effiffi]arytano- ozos.
- 4 -
Suggested
leading
n _r^^.r-aaarÂhin a
n African
Afriean
crested
creste
an
A
chondrosarcomain
Green|oodr A.-9:i
uooper, u. ffidpo""rpih".' Vet. Path. 16: 7t4-735, 1979'.
in labolatoly
Gregson,R. L., and Offer, J. M.: Metastasizing chondrosarcoma
r a t s . J . C b m p .P a t h . 9 1 : 4 A 9 - 4 L 7 ' 1 9 8 1 '
study of a
Halliwell, \l1. H.: Chondrosarcoma:A light and el-ectron microscopic
case j-n a dog. Am. J. Vet. Res. 3Bz 1647'1652, L977'
Case IV - 84-5644 (AFIP 1947594).
- i s a m e b i r d f r o m a b a c k y a r d f 1 o c k ' a I 1 o f w h i c h h a d a
history of lameness.
layer of
Gross Patlrplg,$/.- Both legs and toes are diffusely eovered by a thick
,..tffit,.The1ungscontainmu1tip1e,sma1I,discretetocoaIescingpa1e
tan to grey foci.
Contributor's MorphologicDipgngsig. Bronchitis, granulomatousr,chronic,
es, lung, avian; etilogy--pulmonary
Oiff
acariasis.
The most like1y etiologic agent is Cytodites nudus, the air sac mite of
bone cavities of many
poultry. This mitl has been foinO in afrlEllG$s-anC
paLhological
effects of
the
different avian -pecies. There is controversy ovet
reported
other
in
and
case
this
this mite and somebelieve it to be harmless. In
changes'
pathological
severe
are
heavy inlestation there
cases whenther" is
"
granulomatous, multifocal,
p
a
i
a
s
i
t
e
s
,
S
r e e Ou n s p e c i f i e d , a v i a n .
l
u
n
g
,
intrEllutminal arthroood
l
u
n
g
.
m
i
1
d
,
to
multifocal, mlnimal
AFIP Dia n o s e s . 1 ) Parabronchitis,
moderate, with
2) Granulomas'
metaplasia of the epithelium of
conferenceNote. Someattendees noted squamous
seveffiandafoca1necrogranu19mathoughttobeaforeignPooyresponseto a dead 'ilit". Speciat staiis failed to demonstrateany additloF]
a diagnosls.of Cyt9dites
infectious agents. Although the mites are well-preserved,
j-n
histologic sections.
these
sp. could not be madebased upon the morphologyseen
The 1ife cycle of Cytodites has not been fully elucidated. It is thought'
the lower air passages,the eggs are coughedup,
however,that mites fafeggsT
swallowed,and reach the ground in the droppings. The modeof infection is
unknown. Someauthors fe61 that the mites are predisposing factors for
tuberculosis. Lindt and Kutzer (1955) found C. nudusto cause granulomatous
seen grossly as
The mitE Effrequently
pneumoniawhich was sometimesfatal.
white nodules on the air sacs.
0ther mites of the respiratory systemof poultry include SlerlrostoIe, Neonyssus
and Rhinonyssusalthough none is an important parasite commercialty. l'neumonyssus
the airways of monkeysand dogs.
spp Effin
Someattendees speculated that the history of lamenessin this f1ock, and gross
necropsyfindings of thickened scales and crusts on the lower legs was suggestive
o f i n f e c t i o n b y th e sca l y l e g mi te ( Knemidocoptes) .
Contributor.
oiagnffiboratory
State of Alabama,Dept of Agriculture & Industries, Veterinary
, Auburn, Alabamai6$I-22o9 .
Suggested reading.
Hofstad, M. S. et al.:
D j - s e a s e so f P n r r l t r v . I o w a S t a t e Univer sity Pr e s s ,
Ames, 1978, pp 697-698.
L1ndt, S., and Kutzet, E. : Air sac mites as a cause of granulomatous pneumonia
in chickens. Path. Vet. 2: 254-216, 1965.
Matheyr V'/.J.:
Respiratory ascariasis due to Sternostome tracheacoluum in the
budgerigar. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 150: 777-780,8:McOrist, S.: Cytodites nudus infestation of chickens. Avian Path.
151-155, 1987.
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
- 6 -
Results
AFIP f{ednesdaySlide Conference- No. 10
1984
28 November
Confererce l.loderator :
Michael R. Elwell' DVM,ffiD
MAJ, VC, USA
Dlplmate, ACVP
Staff Pathologist
Dept of Anatornic PathologY
l{a1ter Reed Army Institute of Research
Washirqton, DC 2O3O7
Tt9'
cow with no previous history of reproductive problens
The dam is one of 52 miJ.king cors in a tie-stall
5 5-ilEntfFold fetus.
barn. The cows were vaccinated against rabies, leptospirosis, IBR, Brueella and
BVD.
Gross Pathotoqv. TfE placenta was mar*edJ.yedematous. There was markedpale
intefficken1rrgofha1fofthepIacentap1us1ippingofthickened
coiyieOons. Imagular necr6tic plaques were present on the arnrniotic surface. l'b
The placental lesions were suggestive of mycotj.cor
qro;s fetal lesids.
ureaplasm infection.
Laboratonr Results.
- no bacterial growth.
ffi
Stmch a [iacenta: l{et mountnegative. Brucel],a stain negative. Large
ntmbers bt ahna Sbep. A few nonhenplytie E. coli from placenta.
Uycopia.srnai Ureaplasrna.isolated frorn lun! anOTLffita..
Slrology: Agglutination test for Leptospira ggmonaand L. hardjo - negative.
Brucella abortus rapid test - negative.
Severesubacute, generaU.zednecrotizing
Contrl"butorts Diaonoses& CcnnruEnt.
ild alveolitis with markedpulmonary]VmFnoiO
ptac
plaeental
lesions due to Ureaplasmainfection.
iggfegate formation. Both fetal and
Tfe severe pfacentltis in this case is characterized Oy neffiEi-6F
primariLy by mononucleat
cfioriellantois and annion, with markedinfiltration
(Two
blocks wete cut and the
cells, edema,fibmsis, and markedvasculitis.
Large numbers
reaction is riroreseveri in one of the sections of chorioallantois).
tenninal
likely
and
are
of streptococci are pt€sent in section without reaction
are occasionally
invaders. E. coli streptococci, Yersinia, and othel mycoplasmas
significance.
unknown
are
of
and
i.lreaplasira-a5ffii6'n
frffi
EiFes
of
isolated
Diffuse alveolitis, sepElTh:iEk-ening, and formation of
findings in both
peribroncfriolar/perivascular lyrnphoidaggregatesare common
natural and experimental Ureaplasmaabortion.
Ureaolasmashould be consideredas a causeof bovine abortion, especially when
placenEltls7amnionitis is noted grossly.
AFrPDiaon?;9:i 1). Placen!îri:r-n:croti-ing,
s @ ' t h r € m o o s i S ' a n d n u n e r o U s . c o c c o b a c i 1 1 i , pacute,
1 a c e n_mlrtifocar,
t a , H o I s t e i nmoderate,with
iil#fut!"[ffi0r3]r::ffiif;l-su6acut", oiiiLe, moderate,
witnperioioncniorar
,n"M,?silTi"hii;::i.dil:::,ffi:ff::ls.ll3i:,:i!l"!f,!t,it,
the neutrophilswereshediro*.in" pi"JJ"i"*Ynto
m"
werethenaspiratedinto thi
ruuio ano[nJf tney
airwav!,lni-il'tn"t t1"-onrv"IJ"io'
"*iliii
causedby
Fflh=$d:"';ffi
':t['Hx;::i1$*h":fr
i:IffiinJ-iy,,;ioid
neutrophlls rere paft or trre-ir"4git"-, -ffi-1x"
.ffii",t!",shtro
"i:"ffi
nesult of ureaolSima-:nr."dioi.
nodures,
were rhe
wnuJ-in""!'*", general
bacteria
fiTiE
p*enta
wereiargely *i"-iJ."rt
agleerEntthat the
3l-oy:1g"irth,. rhe rindirs of some
#?E':ffRr*;;3;f{#;ffiilTFTt!#,:li:ff#:i.i*it $il;s,"amol€
yffi:it::r^g:.;1g-grpplgsE
is rreq.en*y
ffii**iniT"pg;"irll"'lF
iit,
iili$filiil.:i:;:"*gi[:::r""li$h.:in33'H;.*.ffi**Hn
iffi
weights
.f;'ffig'
or inra$4, 5iil]-it,
am*i
ffiil
U:t'isgi,no*t
t
i;bx+"1:i:i:i:T
;H":Jf*"I9i1 e#,i;;
rl4
1 1...
rlrst isori[ron-1"*-;#!il-i"'ie$:T.'ff":i:th
vulvar.
has.been
comnonry
discfiargesr erEfiular
vurv:'Elst T-E=.#.
vrsru4ar vurviric
preputfdl-washirqs and iemen rsorJtej i"ot
rrcn aoilil;;i't
of bulJs,
cerre.l _or-*o--j|?!":
.A study Oy Uiilbrr'-CJnd
Doio- er :l
ia roo2 -._-:_ând
". and abortion and./or
"ijrillii,;"#ffii:fl
.
il"X,iilfi";#!il!l;
::ffi
::k.g.lti.
F."r.
I
llln:":l_?k
i}.fgr.::fr"*.
Oirin-oi
oilff.,LE_rs
:*tr l:T-g.1*3;'-k"dfu;ffii#r:Sff
i,.u
i.;'"ff
rrr
m:.:. :+:_-Tfu1i,i'i#
spernatozoa with resultani
IJCr{L'
loi.---=with .h;;i."iir."tiritv
chrontcinrertirilt"in-iiix.yr.
in tr"uli"rnotilitY'
"ith
iT,Tr:ffi
Enoughtr
iliT'by,
lj T,
Ioi"I"uv'
by
artacrrJt
attaclnent
to
io
ffouOnt,
ureaprasmi
rpp.'have arso beenrinked
.ndm"';:fiI3il,HTffi::il.'fiil'ffi3:0ntarioMinistryofAgniculture
i.-.-*ffi!Il-I:
nfectioninnaturauyI6ii"i"o
,J.;
- . , .rrwin,
" . e i . vD.:
e t . J persistence
. 1 4 0 , 3 4 7 - of
,5#genita1
Doj.g,p. A.:^ aovini geniiar q,v"oor""ro':..
can.-ve[...{,zz: :J:J9-j43,
Livingston' c' w' ana-eau"",.4.g., -iii."t
l98l.
or
venere"t-i".n.*ission
-vJt.
ureaplasma
on ieproductive-erii6iin"v-or ;il:
of
ovine
Am..:.
ri"s. 432*90-*9r,
Lggz.
l'{il[et,
R' B:; Ruhnke, H. L.
i ?9ig, B. J. et al. :
Tfe effects of Ureaplasma
sx'=inocu1atiointo-in.-*nioii.=i"iitiincows.rn"riogeno1ogyffil+,
Mirler, R. 8.1 Ruhnke,H. L:; Doig,
B. J. et ar.:
Bovine_abortion
causedby
ffi#.fH;.,P^h]6;*jif'li:'u;j''::'i::l*::"il*:tliiI3*].
Ruhnke'H' L'i.Palmer, N' c.;'.Doig,
P. A.
et al.: Bovineabortion and neonatar
death associated with
oiveilum.
u:t"ipri.*
ineriogenology
S t i p k o v i t s . L . " t f f i o ] e o f - u r e a p l a s m a i n a c o n t i n u o u21:
s ?95_3or,1984.
infertilitv pr6ote* in-[u"r."v.l nviin-ois'.-it',
5L3_523,r9s3.
- 2 -
CaseII - H84-1 (AFIP L946v:7D:
whichbe1ongstoTaiwanS9garCorporati!nrcontains
ieicer pigs-and f850 sucktins pigs.. Arl 9f the
zim
ao*rE=iffior;';-50-il;ii,
brding stcks'had been vaccinated with ittenuated erysipelas vaccine before
breedlng and had been bred natural service.
The disease first appearedon May13, 1984 in breeding stock. This outbreak
lasted abcnrt3 weeks. A total of 74 sowsand 1l boars were affected; anrtng these'
17 sows ard I boars died.
to maJority of sick animals (OreeOingage) were arlorexiar high
Synptons, c61trnon
both the feeder and
.A
fever'o? agrS-eri.SaC,eyan6sisinO aOortion (4 cases),-whereas
6 dead animaLs
of
total
sgcklirq pi6s dicl not showany sigs of the disease.
Tissues
in this case are
were sqflmitleo ror neeropsyairo looratory examination.
fmm a 3-year-old crossbred sow.
Gmss Patholoqv. The sick anirnals had purpJ.ishred discoloration of the earst
ecchymotic
% i n t h ehqnol
skin,andpetechia]'hernorrhageswereseeninkidney'
nearl and semus meibranesof visceral organs. Lynph nodes and spleen were
enlarged.
LaboratorrrResuJ.ts.
a) Bloocl samles ancl visceral olgan sanples were cultured on bloocl agar for 96
lrct.tts. E. rfrusiopalhiae was identified by growth characteristics and biochenical,
properti6.with whole blood of the infected
b) Fq.r mice were inoculated intraperitoneally
pigs collected during the early s
of the disease. All 4 mice died within 16
was isolated frcrn the visceral organs.
hours after inoculation and
vacci.ne: The bacteria in the
ae
tecl
c) Exanination of the a
-ower
than the standard levels
vaccine nrrnbered 20 million per mI,
at 100 million oer ml.
Contributorr s Momholoqic Diaqnosis.
focal necmsls, acute, diffuse,
minated intravascuLar coagulation with
kidney, porcine.
2) Etiology - Erysipelqlhr:Lx rhusiopathiae.
Gross, niitopaEffi'Iol:8ft?fand EiCtafio'IogFa1 findings showthat the enzootic
was caused by. E. I[ggiggg![!3g.
fiusiQpqthlae lnfection is conrnonlyseen i.n this country. Septicemiaand
-E. -it'frst
body organs are the diagnostic lesions in an acute disease.
micmthrornbosis
The rnecfranisrn
of pathogenicity of E. rhusiopathiae is not clearly understood'
but there is considerable evidence that-neuramlnftiaseis involved. This enzymeis
producedby all strains of E. rhusiopathiae. It cleaves aLphaglycosidiclinkages
naride on the surlace of body cells.
in nzuramihic acid, a react$ernu
The infection was finally controlled by the use of penicillin, double dosages
procedutes. No
of the attenuated L fhgsiopathiae vaccine and certai.n management
newcases of the iFFeEiSi-iEiffi?en
seen since June f , L984.
AFIPDiagnosis. Thrombosis,fibrj.nous, acute, diffuse, mild to severe,
.
glonffiio1es,
kidney, crossbred, porcine.
- 3 -
conference-Ng!*- Tissue sict+911.,yaryin
severity of the Lesions. The
,
pno@nemaioiviin(PTAH)-;t.i;demonstratedthepinkfibri11ar
material within capillaries inc arteriole.-to
o. fibrin.--eram stains faired to
dmnstrate bacterl:
any
iissues
examined.
Discussion centered around
in
possible presenceor lestons
in the renal iGules. Despite the presenceofthe
apparently viable, well-preserved red blood celrs
in-iri-se"iion"
exami.ned,rnany
attendees thouqht
rosi-or
basophitic
staining of tr-burar
{+
$q.graduateo
eplthelial celi nuclei inorEaies that the ceri.s
ai"-iutoifiil.
Randonlyrhroughour
tubures sqre tr-bular epithiiiar
xarvoirn#ii"
ano
karyolytic,
irdicating there is iniivid;i
".u-n,*I"i-ii."
epitheriai-""ii
necrosis.
rn
some
sections mild
interstltitaL nephritis wai-nJtei oui-wis nJl-tnoueht
io ue"a:e to erysiperas.
Neuraml'nidaseis prodr'aedby all strains
of E. rhusiopathiae and must be
profucedin1argeamountstobe'patnogeni;i!.vaETiffioErdbet|Ecasein
massivesepticemia. rt acts in a u""i;tt;a-;"ys
and producesa varlety of
effects, so'e of whictr are-ircreased
perfieaoiiiiv ;i $rl;;branes,
excess fibrin anj fibril999n, anc stiinui;a6-or'erytnro"vti"'.gglutinationfonmtion of
to hemolysis' Thesepatnoro6iear aciiviti;;'can
leadirp
account ior most aspects of the
earlv pathogenesis
of' acuii-E"viipiri,
iiil";
lso,9f;s.offiffit.Animal
r's4).
rndustryResearch
rnstitute, Tapu,chunan,Miaoli, Taiwan
, , - . . , f f i t ! tpress,
: : I n D i s e a s e s o f S w i n e . 1 5 tvr
hEdition,TheIowaState
university
199i,'pi- +ii+76.'-YYsree
l{oods,R' L':.^:'{9.Lry9r091as. - 3 review prevalenee
of
v' p'sycrrEr*t and
alrs research.
researcn.
J.
- Am.
vgt. Med. Assoc. r&ft: gM_949:19g4.
nrsEory. The tissu specimen is from the kidnev
of a lO-month-old feedlot
calfffialf
was one of a group of 25 calves wniin were
treated for
signs of
anorexia and respiratonr disease (coughing, dyspnea).
This calf
carf-Jio-not
, dyspnea). This
did not respond
respon t o
treatnent and died four days
ays after the initi.ation of therapy. A totar of 12
of the
25 calves dled and were presented for necropsy
with similai'lesioni.
Fglop"y
flytg
findings were simj.lar in al1 calves.
containing
fibrin
clots
were found within
Large
the
il"il;"r"IiLll;:"$il:i
RHi*l:* "llitl:' -A9gll*ltar-ieiion;-il;i;;;d;;il;;
;TiFiu$'ifiifi o",
bmnchopnetmonia
were found in arl- carvei-Jiaiined.
lir.nnahaaa
ffi
Peritoneal fluid urea nitrooen
Serr-mphosphorus
Serum total protein
Serum calcium
2I8 ng/dl
191 mgldl
t?.5ns/dl
5-.3g/d\
8.9 mg/d1
- 4 -
Lung specimens:
Pasteurella multocida cultured
ffiuJ----
Liver and kidn6y speiimens:
Negative for toxic amounts
of lead, mercury,atsenic.
Contributgrrs Diagnosii & Corrnent.
Tubular nephmsisr acuter severe.
Oxytetracycllne toxicosis.
After arrival at the feedlot, all calves were given long-acting oxytetracycline
Oose. The n-xt day, this dose was repeated
(OTC)IM at tuo tines the reccrmrlnO"O
for fotlr
IV in 5gven calves, followed by IM infections at the reconnendeddoselVr-followed
dose
recornentled
tr."" given the
days. Tfre remaining eight"en
""lu"i
0n day 101 ealves beganto die, eventually
Oi'tn" sate dose for four days.
resulting in 48ft nnrtalitY.
Ttre adninistration of excessive doses of OTCjn these calves may FYg^directly
contributed to tfe-reiuiting ren-L Lesions. Nephmtoxic properties of OTCare
effects of the drug on the oxidative enzymes
atttihrtable in;;"t-6-ine-inninitory
In addition, tetratyclines have been shownto inhibit tFte
of tr.rbular eelsl
aOUiti of tne kidney to concentrate uiine. The cardiovascular effects of OTCand
,iiioG vehiclej niv6 Ueeninvesligated in calves. Intravenqrs adninistration of
oiC-in-proeylerre giycol and propyiEneqfycol alone induces systemic-hypotensionand
oecreis,bobirrlrpnail'ana renal arterial-biood flow. Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone vehicl'e
fijggaA-fV fn awakecalves causedan ircrease in systemic resistarce due to
These vehicies in variotts forms are used in
consttictlon of-piiiprr-iaf artarioles.
bfC broCrrcts, irrcluding tlose involved in this case report. - l'lany
npaa ilFtable
factors other tnan iGt tne ni6r oosag6of the tetracyclhg *y have 9911tr.ibtlted
Tl'recalves were given Iv
to tfre rcnal tesioni in the ca.Ives of this.repott.
effectsr-which ltaY have
vascular
systemic
known
boluses of oTCin vehicles with
could not be
dehydration
of
The
degnee
flow.
conttihrted to reOuceOrenal fLood
ard
gloncrular
filtration
to-reduced
accurately asseiieO, n t maynave contributed
frepatocellular
have
not
did
The
calves
irareased urea nitr6gen Lev6ls.
Oegen&"tfon, as has-beenreported in rmn and cattle treated with tetracycline
prodtrcts.
AFIPDiamosis.
cnar@ine.
Necrosis, tubuJ.ar,cortical, diffuse, severe' kidney'
ConferelEeNote. In additlon to the tubular necrosis, attendees also noted 1)
diff@1oepithe1ial-ce11regeneration,2)mi1d1ycongestedvesseIsat
aggregatesof
the corticonedullary Jtrnctlon, and 3) small scattered interstitial
la.d<ocytes. It was speculated that lyrnphocytic aggregates were not related to tl'e
ttlrular lesions slnce they are a conmcnfinding in bovine kidneys. The pink
granular material within tubules was thought to be debris from sloughed tubular
epithelial celIs. The differential diagnosis included toxi.cosis due to
antibiotics, heavy metals, and oak ingestion. It was agreed that these could not
be differentiated histologically, but that toxicosis due to the latter two would be
unllkely in feedlot anlmals.
This case report was recently published by the contributor (Larimoreet a1.,
1984), and ncre detaiLs concerningthis incident maybe found in that paper. The
by Appel and
antibiotics have been surnmarized
nephrotoxic effects of commonly-used
Neu (1977). In man, the production pf a nephrogenicdiabetes insipidus and
of hepatocytes,acute
reversible FanconiSyndromen
as well as fatty metamorphosis
pancreatitis, and hematopoieticdisorders have beenassociatedwith tetracyclines
(Fox, Berengi, Straus, 1976).
- 5 -
\
contributor.
statE
colorado
Departnent of Pathology, -college of veterinary Medici'ne,
, Fort corlins, colorado 8o52t'
S.rooestectreadiru.
ffiev,H.C.:Thenephrotoxicityofantimicrobia1agents.New
Erg.
- - J. !led. lrz 72.-728, L977.
Fox, S. A.; Berengi, M. R., and Straus, B.: Tetracycfilg toxicity presenting
Mt. Sinai J. Med. 472 129-)35, ry76.
as a muitisystin diseisi.
G r i f f i n , D .0 .1 l r{o rte r, R . D .; Amstutz, H. E. et al.: Exper imental
Bovine Pract. 14: ,74L, L979.
in reeol6t heifer!.
oxyt-tracicii,'re toiicity
Adversecardiovascular
al.:
D.
et
J.
emss, D. R.; Dod, K. T.; l{illiams,
in
intact awake calves. Am.
vehicles
pieparationi and
effects oi oxytelracyiline
J. Vet. Res. 422 L57L-L5fi, 198I.
Larimore, M.1 Alexardei, A.1 Powers, B. et aI. : 0xytetracycline !!:ocl!led
J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1852 793-795' L984.
nephrotoxicoiis in feedlot ialves.
Stevenson, S.: Oxytetracycline nephrotoxicosis in two dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc. L76z 5fr-53l.., 1980.
CaseIV - Wt2I9
(AFIP 1948t06)
litter of nine l-day-oJ.dLand/Yorkfemale pigs
all Eom-Elive tut with red spots all over their bodj.es. They appearedto be
gettirg weak and this one died at I day of age. They were in farowirg crates in a
230 sov unit.
Gmss Pathobgv, The whole surface of the skin of this piglet was covered with
rot.rrffiatedvesiclesandpustu1es.Thenosewbs-verysevere1y
affected, with the leslons becomingconfluent'and necrotic with little normal
tissue remainirp. SimiJ.ar, though less severe, Lesions were present on the tongue
frcrn which the suhnitted section was taken. -Therewere a few flecks of milk in the
stomach.
Laboratorv ResuJ.ts.
heavy growth of Staph. auleus and Staph g!$.
ffi:
Virology and EMon tongue: pox virus demonstrated.
Contributor's Diagnrosis& Cornnent. Glossitis, ballooning degeneration of the
s t r a e o s i n o p h i I i c i n t r a c y t 6 p 1 a s m i c i n c 1 u s i o n s .
There is acanthosis and secondarybacterial infection. Gl6ssitis - pox virus. .
Pox lesl.ons in pigs can be causedby the cowpoxvirus, the vaccihia virus and
the swinepoxvirus and in this case we vrerenot able Lo establish which virus was
implicated. Pox is well docunentedin suckling pigs, but we have included this
case as the infecti.on was obviously obtained in utero. In this case the piglets
were bom alive but in two other cases (separate farms) the piglets were stIUOom
and had extensive pox lesions over the skin, nose and in the m6uth. Althoughthese
are isolated incidents, pox virus is not usually consideredto be an intrauterine
infection even though there is on occasiona viiemic stage.
The lesions on the slides vgxyf however,all demonstratethe ballooning
degenerationand intracytoplasmic inclusioni.
- 6 -
to severe' with
focal' moderate
acute'
ulcerative,
GlOSSitis,
AFIPDiaqnosis.
epitnffigdegener"lion_andeosinopniii.intlacytco].asrnicinc1usion
Sii6fogy-"*p"tible with poxvirus'
bodies, tongue,-ilnOiaceTvorr.snlie,-f-rcine,
foot and mouthdisease'
confereraeNoter- Thedifferential diagnosisincludes
vesiffi,vesicu1aiexanth*.,-u"ili"[iu"_o.rmatitis,skin1esions
the histological
associatedwith erysiperas.nJnoe-.horeri,in .ii'6in.t.l--nottever,
fne-stratr.n spinosum,and the presence
. firdir€ of hydropic degeneration-6r-liirs
of poxvinrs infections'
of intracvtoprifric in;rusion-bodiesare charilteristic
cell nGlei is said to be
Furthennor€,vacuor.ationot ffrl-ini..i"o epitneiiil
uirus (Kasza,1981)'
patfogrumnic for swinepoXroiri.t"ntiatihg il-ffir-vaccinii
o"u"lopnrentof titers to hog
rnfection with swinepox is thoughtto interrere "iin
cholera vaccines.
Thepapillarystructuresonthetorrguesurfacewe
r e t h o u g h t banimals
y a t t e r r dand
e e sfurction
tobe
oi-iucxriig
tdngr""
lne
p""""ni
on
papirlae
which
marEinal
"""
and nipple'
between tongue
I.-Fo*-"'sbal
Ministry of
British Co]r-rnbiaVeterinary Laboratory,. B.'.C' 4l'18'
Contributor.
ne"rffit*ur
VzS
a'c', Canada
ol-F.ol eoi-1001-Rouotsrord,
(. Am-J. vet' Res' 23: 44t45L; L96?'
S gEstrd-readins' Experirental swine 'Swine.
Po>
ffi
5th Ed., Leman,A' D' et al'
Kasza,L.: Swinepox.lgr Oii-ases of
(Ed.);-iila State Universit!-Pless' 881' p' 254'
gnotobiotic
lr{eyer,R. C. and Conroy, J:-D:i Eipirinental swine Px in
-uftrastructural
pigleti.
Res. Vet. Sci. 132 73bV3,8,L?7?'
aspects of experilental
DeBoer-r-G:-F.i
and
Teppam, J. S.
Virol' 492 )S]-L65'
Arch'
swinepoxwith special referenie-to irclusion UoOies.
L975.
L. FRITZ,V.M.D.
DAVID
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of VeterinarY Patholo$Y
Results
Conference - No' 11
S1ide
Wednesday
AFIP
5 December 1984
Conference l'bderator :
Case I - AC-24?4
Lester W. Schwartz, DWI
Diplomate' ACVP
As'sociate Director of PathologY
& French Laboratories
sniih-itine
PhiladelPhia, PA 19101
AFrP1951858).
A nr.mberof Ybungcanaries
Adult birds
oieo iouowins 7 to 4 dav courseof diarrhea.
no mortalitY associated
t6 have occasional piriods of diarrhea but
-oId female canarY.
from iiffii.;i;;
wete
diarrhea Periods.
with "Jpo"t"O
of small intestine Ptonouncedt
Gross Pathology. Muscle wasting, inflammation
xitr@.
plactitioner
LaboratorvResu1ts. Direct smearsof intestine by referring
revealedno cocclola.
s & Corrnent.
in all tissuesl severe diffuse
change present
-hepatitisl
-moderate
pulmonarycongestion'
diffuse subacute
subacuteentEritis;
hePatitis.
Etiologic Diagnosis: Protozoal enteritis and
Etiology: Isospora serini.
of the lamina propria by
The enteritis is characterized by markedinfiltration
Large numbersof similar
macrophag"", rany of nni"n contain piotozoaf organisms'
The
liver has a diffuse
in tnb lamina proFria.
organismsare atlo-io""i-i"""
is most prominent in
which
of f""ge-*ononuclear inflarrnatory cells
infiltration
liver and lung'
the
In
nicrosis.
foci-oi hepatic
triad areas and il;;rnJing
parenchyma. No
the
in
free
also
phagocytes'but-are
ptotozoa
u.u"i1y-withii
'cnanges
"re found in the section of ventriculus'
were
AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Enteritis, histiocytic, diffuse, severe' transmuralt-with
intrffitrlcEriurii-pioio.oa,ima1iintestine'^canary,avian.")
-istiocytic, diifuse, -mild, with intrahistiocyticFneunonia,lnter-tiii;t,
p"oio=oar'Iung. 3) Hepatitis, histi6cytic, Oiffuse, mild, with intracellular
brotozoa, 1iv6r. 4) Piotozoemia, intracellular, Iiver and 1ung.
Note. A similar casein a crestedwoodpartridgerlasrecently
Conference
% b y t and
h e Aret
FIP.Thelung1esionsinthatcasereSemb1ed
received
Also in the small intestine
ioxoplasmosis due to muitirocal areas of necrosis.
of
that case were multiple foci of necrosis and a more severe transmural inflarmatory
response. Although necrosis is not a feature in this caser the lesions are
otherwise similar-but mild in comparison. The differential diagnosis in both cases
of the subphylum
ircludes Toxoolasmaqondii. Isospora spp., and other members
R p i e o m p ]e i l .o i fre rE i T i 6 -ti o n rilr ]gh- Lbepoisib1etnr oughcioseexaminati onof
oocysts but they are absent in this case as are all sexual stages.
Box (I98f) has suggestedthat
ffi?"+#'
and fatal
disease'
:k;"
,#ffi{f#ffi:':l!i:i?:r
"
tissue section was identified
In this case' the unaff.ected
thin Portion of the gizzard'
Contributor.
uafa@na
by attendees as a
PurdueUniversitYr West
Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory'
47907.
ffi-?:alêXtraintestinaIp
arasiteofpasserinebirds.
L98r'
za(2ffi246,
P*16=oot.
":.
Box,E.D.:-Lifecyclesof'twolsqgpoxa'speciesinthecanary,Serinus
c a n a r i u s L i n n a e u s l - J . - F " o t o z o o I;i. 2 f f i , L 9 7 7 . tttini (Arasao)
?T
stase? Isgry
E. D.: Exogenous
#
22 +#ffi
uTiffi)-'-FrobozooI'
(SgTinus
canarv
the
in
Febiger'
sp.
-Dlseases
&
Lea
$ius
Ed"
2nd
of ffig.-""d-Auiir, airOi'
petrak, M. L.:
-of
L982, P. 54I.
Caserr - 84-P-571 (AFrP 1945658).
male Duroc, Porclne. A ourebred Producer
in an open-front
stock noted somecoughing amongpigs housed
bY most of
coughing
and
sneezins
the next 2 divs,
uni.t on a ;;;;;"ErIo.-'o""i"g
was deadand the others had
the pigs wii noteo. 0n the-foliowing day, ong.pigand were gaunt.
slightly i"ooi"O-respiration, persistent coughing
GrossPathology.Theanteriorandventralparts(about70%)ofbothlungswere
p u " p f f i " o . . [ o . " J i i i l ; . . - I n i e r 1 o b u I a r s e p t a w e l e wThe
i d etracheal
n e d . T hmucosa
e r e w awas
s
lppl"iir"tliv +o cc of crear, yetlowthoracicfruid.'
foci on the surface. serosanguinous
rough ano nal-muriipre tan
diffusely recrctened,
material was
fluid exudedfrom the cut surface of the lung and white, tenacious
ft."neobronchial lympn nod6swere swollen, edematous
present in smalle"-.i"niyr.
and hemorrhagic. The meningeswere congested'
. -Laboratorv Resu1ts. The fluorescent antibody test on tonsil was positive for
pseudorabj.esvirus was isolated from brain and lung.
pseudorabies uirffiigen.flacteriologic cuJ.ture yielded a mi-xedpopulation of beta hemolytic Streotococcus-'
was th-e preffiIiTntG
pseudornonas
and proteu! spp. st""pto"6"[ri-"qrisiCIlfi-9
affi
urtu;m
iiinopnffiFTffi
ne.ttir/e.
Contributorts Diaqnosis& Comment.Seveteacute diffuse necrotizing
and
s with serofibrinouspneumonia
Oron
virus.
Pseudorabies
bodies.
inclusion
eosinophilic intranuclear
Microscopic lesions were also found in sections of brain (mild acute focal
The
nonsuppurative encephalitis) and tonsil, spleen and liver (focal necrosis).
bacteiia isolated wete considered to be-opportunists or contaminants. 0utbreaks of
severe disease and some deaths in larger fattening hogs (75-100 kg) and
near-breeding age Pigs, in which PRVis the primary pathogenr appear to be
increasing in the midwest.
- 2 -
AFIP Diagnosi!.
fibrinonecrotic'
Bronchopneumonia,
suppuTative, multifocal to
i;tTl":l?:"i!:i*iilr::i:"''
diffuse,severe'iitn--"oiino'pnnil
with Herpessuls \l
runs'Duroc'
;il;;;;
"ii"iogv--compatible
be primarily
attendeesnoted the necrosisto
conferenceNote. cOnference
i n v o @ e p i ! n 9 : , i y ' ; I i ' i r " r I y , i n t r a n u c l e a r i n c 1 u s i o n S a l e S e e n pnewocvtes,-and
septa are thickened
orimariry in airway-ep*heri"r
""iirl-;;;'6.""rilnlii;;"-;i;-9i"t
can be expectedin
endotheliarcerrs irr otooo u"r."ii-l"o-iyr[n"Ii"r---niveorar
oi-ribrin
rne pr!sen""
o"p6i:.[ion.'
fibrin
and
due to congestion
in this-cir"l *ni"h can causeendothelial
ui"u""I-iiJil;.
pantropic
with
infections
i""rro"oi from affected vessels'
p"oi"in.
?iio"inog"i
prasr"
of
in this
reakage
and
damage
wouro-ne"u!"i-Jt+itt-!: those seen
to
due
relions
lgnoifriG
lung
Atthough
c a s e ' i t c a n o " - i u r " o*"E*nftt;"uf[i,r"'
o u t a s T f f i * y " i i " r oSot6
6 v oattendees
, i t 9 1 ! " ^commented
r : ' " n c e othat
f i n cthere
1usion
bodies and the negative
would probably be more vE5cufitiit.En-nitn
Hemophilusinfection'
damageto.alveolar pneumocytes
The moderator cited that after experimental
is noL seen beforc 24-35
(species unknown),type ff.pneumi-c,t"-p"oiiferation
OVa-ilfuraf igent (virus' etc') maYl
hours. Although regeneration "iie| O"t"g" il tnit-"ii"
slggests that the lung nas
take stightly longer, lack of ":;;n";ffi;
o""n inr6lvei for-Iess than 24 hours'
a purely cNS disease, which is the
Two forms of pseudorabiesare recongized:and-CNSiorm with nervous signs
flpre cormonfotm, and a combined-respiritory 24 davs. Affinitv for the
in
forlowinstn" oi3"i"Ir-"!Ipi;;#d;ii;;;i-h
t-o ouiOre'"XO" to thb differeraes '
respiratoly ttact might vary from'ouiOreaX aB";k;iliir",
McFerran,Dow, L97t)
the various infecting strain. oi"'til-;iil;
important in dj'sease
to'be
tnought
Reactivation of ratent ps"uuor"tiJ.-"i""i-ii'. n"rpeluirus-infectibn in other species,
transmission to susceptibr" pig.;-as with r-i[.-oi- the latent virus. rt has been
the trigeminar gangrion is tnotlifit'io"-0.
arto n.roor the ratent virus in pigs
tnat [oni*s anorv*H"noil.-i"i
suggested
(vii oi".chot, Gielkens,1984)
contributor.
Iowa56'dlF
Ames'
Departmentof veterinary Pathotogy, Iowa State university'
Suqoested reading
ffi.r.,Aujeszky|sdiseaseinpigs.Vet.Bu11.43:465-48o,
1973.
Aujeszkyfsdisease j'n
.. DonaLd,A. I.1 Martin, s.; Ferris, N. P.: .Experimenta.l
1l3z 49O494'
pigs: Excretion, lurvival'and'transmilsion of the virus' Vet' Rec'
I98t.
Leman,A'D'
Gustafson,D. p.: pseudorabies. In Diseasesof Swine. 5th Ed.,
-roniiiq 2o9'
et ar.-iEoi.irrowastateuniv.PressrTgel'.P'
cf?ry9:-in-pigs
sivenpseudorabies
Narita,u.;'inuil-i.; Snimizu;-i::
Arn.i. Vet. Res. 452 247-251'1984.
(nuiesz[V;i Oii"""e)'virus.
girscnotl-ina
rn vivo and invitro reactivation of latent
Gielkens, n.i.l.:
van
pseuOoraOies
virus in pigs born to vaccinated sows. Am' J' Vet' Res' 452 467-47I'
1984.
- 3 -
t'
t"'"oftl--totYi!5rltr*#tXt?i,t-vear-old
puT?':g^f
il'^??i?ll;.?:":o:;t
@l':i::"::.I"loi".il"';::;ilgil;-b;..oonclinica1signsof
vears of ager a
aooJilinaroistentionandweishtross
bersisrentuilatli;il;-.t*"rri""r'liop""i",
andonAc*t'i$!i1!i:l^:*"::i;n::";:::r::03ffii]3"tl;ill;
duration
indicated
or 7 months
studies
;il-1;ng-imaeino
t;:X.:ilT:1ffi;:;H
reduced
was
3il#$';"::ii:l"i.3ii";:
embotusn", p""ii"i i"O t6at Oynlti"-iuig-coilpliance
that a pulmonary
p"t"n.nyntaweie n9!ed on radiographs'
nearly 50%. carciiieo-ioci in tne alveolar
in6 hvP:"::::isolism' A repeat
Lysodren(0,p,-ooo) therapy*".'tlsii'i;;"i;oi
a return-to normalvarues. Pulmonary
responseteSt_-three montns-iiier showed
ACTH
of abnormalities'with gas
functi.ontests, however,inoicai"i'"-ptogiession
PC02difference and the
being markedlyimpaireil- inE-"iierial-aiveolar
exchange
indicaling ventiration of
i.ncrEaseo
percentarveotar o."oib...'ventiiation were
puho"l!v-i""t[ion '::'? three monthslater
-pufton""-y
urperfusedalveoli. A seconoseriet-or
functi'on' one monthlater' the dog in
further deterioration of
showed
oi rri-p"r minute' Shewaseuthanized
with a
developedctyspnea
""rpir"[Jil-;;te
respj.ratorY failure.
when the thorax was opened' They
Gross PathoLogy. The lungs did not collapse
i " i c i 6 7 Enal
= g ' ' i ! . 8 o . ' . ; ; . t h i s s i z e b e a g l e ) , a I t h o u 9 h n owith
- e dpale
e m ayellow areas
weref fheav1el
was present. The pleural surfac"i-r""" irregrfarly mottled
dry appearancLand gritty consistency' No
that, on cut surface, had.a-somewhat
tnrorirOiwere seen in-the pulmonaryarteries'
Ca and P levels or in
LaboratOrvResults. No abnormalities were seen in serum
ratios.
Contributorr s Diagnosis & Comment'
Uutg - afveofir iebtJt calcification with microlith formation.
Pulilonary arteries, elastic - subintimal edema'
Pulnonary arteries, muscular- acute segmentalvasculitis'
This dog p""iintrO'wiin typical clinical signs (bilaterallV_sVrnmelric$
alopecia, gE#ratized muscle itropny and abdominaldistention) and initial
laboratory aonorm-Iities (eosinopenia, Iymphopenia,elevated SAPand urine of low
grucocorticoids.
assocj.atedwitii the'overproduction of endogenous
$;ii;-g;tiiy)
Radiographicevidence of soft tissue mineralization in the respiratory system
has been iepbrteO in dogs with Cushing's diseases. The radiographic changes^
described in thii repori are of inter6st from the standpoint of the progression of
increasingly more
iung-afterations wniln, over the period of 19 monthsr_became
of the increase in
some
O,P'-DDD.
with
tnerapy
of
spite
mineiaijlio'ln
and
sJv6re
lurq density can be attributed to changeswhich occur in the lungs of aged dog:.
HowEver,thb severity and extent of involvement suggest that this endocrinopathy
was the major contributing factor of these radiographic changes.
Thromboembolic
complications are a recognized sequella in humanpatients with
several times in dogs with
Cushingts disease and have been documented
Cushing's-like disease. It has been suggestedthat the hypercortisolism maycause
a hypeicoagulablestate by increasing coagulation factors !, Vttf' IXr -X'
antithrombin III, fibrj-noben and plasminogen,whieh could lead to the increased
incidence of thr6mboembolism.Although clotting factor studies were not performed
on this patient,
the ventilation-perfusion
presence of a perfusion
scan -showedthe
purmonarv
rung iEEi;";;;g"tling"ii;-presence
defect in the rrsht apicar
thromboembolism'
of
dogs with
Thiscasedemonstratedsom
e h i s!16o
t o l opre?"ni"inii
g i c l u n g ' c h a nare
g e sfound
n o r mina l lsome
y f o u nand
d i n atheir
ged
nEi"
itporteo
of procesr",
doqs, but a number
l;;:_?:,:l
ji,"".".- Calcifi!E,lr"""i"i-'i""ir;;;;
previous report' Thg
cuining,s-like
were simiil-r-io the
steroid revers
distribution anj-moipnorogic-r"aiures
n"r'iJi-6een-ioentiii"o,"o"!-:i::*:d
molecular
""ii
or mineririzarion
mechanism
Ot iearranging'their
Additionauv'
"fittil
mayalter proteiii-.u"n
"orf#n
pH;lj";'i
""
as
way
therebya110w
a
such
in
!q
""r.iri.6i"-r"tii"l
stiucrure
glucoco"li"oiJ-ievers.and
proceed'
woulo
treatmentwitn 6',ei-DDb
ov ivi"i"oiiiiorittn' to
"pp""Is
EE'iinioitJo
fibrosis, whicn-iour-Jnoiri*v
and
origin
aopearedto be of recent
c9se.
this
in
present
luns
The vascular lesions
t#E";;-;"n[iiition-perfusionthe
in"
;;"#";'
they.
y"r:
to
rhar
it is unrikely
"i
ii untcnowt-o'tmiy ne related
#;;;
scanning. rne causeof'theseat necropsy'
pnewonia found
i"i""tlltial
T h e p r e s e n c e o f a c h r o r n o p h o b e a d e n o m a . i n . t h e a n t etn"
r i o rbiagnosis
p i t u i t a r yof
inadditionto
0"".'nJii"!ii"-"orinirii"il;;-ffipbit
and
ACTH
to
the response
iit"iiiiv-oepenoent hyperadrenocorticism'
R e g i o n s o f f i b r o s i s a n d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i n v o l v i n g t ol
h e thb
k i d nlacx
e y s of
s e erenal
mtosuggestan
tn"îi"g-ri""oritn.'o.E"uie
etiorogy sim*ar-ii-i["t-io"
rtu.it, althoughdystrophic
secondaryhyperparathyroidisr .io-noimli-catciuil
cause'
possible
calcification clnnoi'0" ruled out as a
and alveolar. multifocal'
AFIPDiagnolrg:- Microlithiasis,-interstitial
% i s awitn
nd.mu1tifoca1osseous'"l"pii'ii,tung,beagIe,canine.
moderate
this casewerenot
conferenceNote. Thefocal mineral deposits seenin
r e m i n etYF
r a H l " i i o n - i " e n . , i . t n - u r e m i a o r v i t a m i n vessels
D t o x i c iand
t y . Ssmall
ome
considered
of blood
attendees di.ct, howevet, note tii""""fiiiiion
pulmonary-calcification has been
contr5-butor,
lne
by
bronchioles. As mentioned
rn i liuoy 9f 57 cases, Lorenz (1982)
reported in oogl witn_cusnin6's di."".".
ini"""'stingty, 7 of those 4 dogs had
in the tunds-"i-a-Jfo".
found calcificition
seen in sore vessels in
been treated with orp'-DDD. rfii intimal-myxomatouschangil
thought it
this case, was thought by most ittendees tb ne-eOema' A few,.however'
represented tne-iniimaf iusnion normally present at vessel bifurcatj-ons'
P.0' Box 5890t
Contributor. Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology ResearchInstitute,
Mexico 87185.
AlouliG@
Suggestedreading.
. ^! -r - .,..1-AA artery-thrombosis
A. 8.1 Hornof, 14.J. et aI.: PuLmonary
Burns, l,l.ffiiy,
in three ctogswith hyperadrenoiorticism. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178: 388-V9t'
1981.
Feldman,H. C.: Distinguishing dogs with functioning adrenocortical tumors
from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyp6radrenocorticism.J. Am. Vet. Med.Assoc.
183: 195-2OO,1983.
- 5 -
of canineCushingfssyndrome:
Lorenz,M. D.: Diagnosisand medicalmanagement
Assoc.L* 7o7-7L6,L982.
A study of 57 consecutivecases.- i:-ffi:-Rnim.-nosp.
of
ciiooi-,-P. l. et aI.: Treatment
schechter,R. D.; Stabenfe1dr,"c."ri.;
Am'
(F'-DDD)'
J'
synorom"-ilih;-oog *iif, an adienocortiiotytic agent
cushi.ng,s
vet. u6d. Assoc.L62z629-639,L977'
2 kodachromeslides).
Case IV - R-1484-81 (AFrP L946t46).
ffimaIe
rom a
skin.
abdominal
caudal
the
of
ulcer
r
alcm
rat found dead with
GrossPatho}ogV.Excessiveclearfluidwaspresent'inboththeperitonealand
tnorffih;îl;;;'iaientarged-andcontainednumerouSwhitish-ye1Iow
similar
areas randomlydistributed throutnout aif lobes' The lung contained
appearing disbrete nodules in all lobes'
Contributorrs Diagnosis. Histiocytic sarcomaof liver and lung'
rat,
AFIP Diagnosis. Histiocytic sarcoma,Iiver and lung, Sprague-Dawley
rodent.
aI.
ConferenceNote. In addition to histiocytic sarcoma,reported by Squire et
in r f f i t t e n d e e sco n si d e re d ma l i g n antfibr oushistiocytom a,and (myi:obacteriar.
etc.)
various agents which might incite formation of necrogranulomas.
a
and
figures
mitotic
atypical
some
of
Presence
diafinosis.
in the differential
neoplasm.
was
a
mass
the
that
attendees
persuaded
most
atypia
OIgr". oi ciifufir
oi'tne'neoplasm in the lung and presenceof multinucleated
inE-ingiocintiiciiy
giani 6ells in 1un6 and liver are features described by Squire. Tfe pattern of.
lnis neoplasmis m6re typical of the granulomatouspattern described by Squire in
contrast to the sarcomatouspattern also seen in these neoplasmsof Sprague-Dawley
rats.
The conference moderator, who also contributed this case, said that of the 6-10
histiocyti.c sarcomashe has seen in the past year, this case most resemblesan
and giant cells. - He
of macrophages
inflanmitory process, due to the predominance
predomS.nate
(1981)
in the
neoplasms
these
who
that
thinks
with
l{ard
is in agreehent
skin, in contrast to Squire who finds liver and lung to be the organs most cormonly
rats;
involved. Squire reports an incidence of up to 7.5% Ln male Sprague-Dawley
in the moderatorrs experience, the incidence is as high as L2%in male rats.
Greaves, Martin, and Masson(1982) report that histiocytic sarcoma(malignant
histiocytoma) is part of a distinct group of histiocytic neoplasmsof the rat.
Tumorsof this group range from pure populations of spindle cells which have many
ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblasts, to almost pure populations of round
histiocytic cells with frequent, well--differentiated multinucleated giant cells.
This group, they feel, bears remarkablesimilarities to malignant histiocytomas in
man.
Histiocytic sarcomasare spontaneoustumors of Sprague-Dawley
rats, and have'
also been reported in Osborn-Mendel
rats. They can be induced by subcutaneous
instillatlon of rrSupergluerf. A similar tumor has been reported to arise
spontaneouslyfrom the ovaries of mice (Talmadge,Hart, 1983).
- 6 -
,0,iffi
Ellll l'?llll
,J"fl"'rlTi::
"ii.?::'
Kline & French Laboratories'
19101.
1500
ffi,.,-NeopIastieandnonneopla'o|,,"-t,r1,,,?Biol^"n'n:.-^^.,..,
Goodmanru'
'pon:":::-:'
o,ooIlH'iiEii:*.::*i"*'5li
:1'!l':i?iii::i:iit":;iil"#"iil!*'
or
rat-marisn"!!-tuTe::
fi:i'::?:tl'i.1"1;"ntaneous
parh. tgz +9t-so5,Le'?'
""'tg.i:,:Jl:i ,:i*l'i:*:i
Anultraiiiu.tu".r stuoil-'v;i:
fibrohistiocytic orisini
S q u i r e , R . A ' ; . a i i n x n o Y l { : ' i l : ; - F 9ini o," irltg;".lionv
' : ' - 6 ' e t - a r ' ii: H ispra-gue-Dawley
stiocvticsarcoma
corpgnglr'o..i"rin'g
granuroma-iike
with a
re8r'
Jrine reticulum^cerr
;;;;.- ffi: i: p.tn. Lo5z2L-7a,
--v;t. parh'
i"T:;#";:
:ffi"?:
Bl?,?:'
f ::*:i#i,-il.*::i??:'
,.""H:T*?:il,,t
or
neoprasm
;3:"#-);il"tt;-;'.; *,*n
counterpart'
fll#l""r
the'human
*i
i:':?!?JHi'?il:"Tf,;
i;;;ii";ent-ii6m
rhe-rar
in
o"rsin
!'r!!
-t;b:
soft-tissu"
;;ih.
ueo.-tosz 3L3-3L6'lesl'
L. FRr r zr v.M.D'
DAVLD
Captain, VC' USA
of'VeterinarY Pathglogy
ffii;t;i
of-VeterinlrY Patholosy
;;;ffie"i
- 7 -
Arch'
Results
AFIPwednesdaY
;::*.::^$ffi"""
Conf ere nge-!!gd.exat ol :
Linda C. Cork' DVM' PfD
Diolomate' ACVP
o"6i"itn"nt of PathologY
io-nn. HoPkins HosPital
e"ititno"b, ND 2L2o5
Case I - 8t+'874 (AF]P=L9442O?
rongi t udin aI
*", ffio
"-io"- able.lo !::
"t "never
ine calf was
tn"r"-n"a
r'rur-us'r' .,"- -titn
y-oldfemale
!"-I:.!:i:i,, ll 3?*":*:3:i*t?":3::
excessive force'
and'was Pulled u
.
- !^:1 *^6o .r
,?:T:::"1i3[.i"0-'H:;"%:'::.l;i#
therapv
":iil"'tmi
?nli3'n,li"il' irp"iulmeniwitn symptomati.c
euthanatized'
was#iol'"lt=o
3:#;:*'Hi"il
.Jl;,;xi:,i?i":î:{'!!=i::'"
in this area were
urinary
Iiii-in"-iarf
- No. 12
incontinenc.e'
Inere wd= rru r
o,",ffi
increasedin amouniover the ruiloo-I..iii
coro'ano-neiueroots
Tan discoLoration
was"!!.iio""O "ft"r-fi*tiiont
cord
was
spinal
The
edematous.
in in".iutb"t cord' The lesion
matter.was'p;;;;;
grey
the right
on
the
present
lim*ed to
which it was
,nterioi'ilil;t-;"to
tne
in
ih
birateral excepr
in tne thoracic cord'
side. No lesiotit-*nt" detected
c
r?:3:!ii:'s!:l'il{!i!l:i'ie'!!!
.cord
-_-----'Yr'::;:"]-^-i^l-^r
MalaCiC afeas In spJ.lr.rr.LUJ.TJJ
nr
corpression'
or eord COfDfeSSlOn.
o.rnage
ierteoiJ r{amanF
forrowingtr.*.-orf
*!.inouto"*6n.riiore
Vascurar injury is probabrv . ,.jor-.o"tiioutor-io-spinai
vaicui"r ehooti wete not found'
i;il;:-
cord necrosis due to
l E T p o i a g n P s i : . I n f a r c t , d i f f u s e ' s e v e r e , wg;"y
i t h mtiit"t,
i l d m u l t ispinar
f o c a l hcord,
e m o rHolstein'
rhageand
moderateperrpnffill histiocytic-initammation,
eliorbsv--compatiblb with infarction'
b;;iil;
this case were bilateral diffuse malacia
conference.Note. The lesions noted in tne-ventrar
Asyrmetry was
rootlets.
ri"v or
of the g""y *"ffin0
gray matter
affected
the
of
The oemaication
scrne
noted in the lesions in "*"riini'"r
of a
is.suooestive
and
"""iionr.'
is striking
(De
from the aOiacent-unaifecteOwniie-matter
coid
the-lpinal
of
u"".ufiirie
vascular etiology. A revj.ew of-ine arterial
the cord is nourished almost
LaHunta, tgar) i6vears that the ;;;y;;aa-t
9r
ventrai
ianterior)_spinal artery, which
tne
exclusively by tne central brancF o',r
flow in the ventral
courses inside the spinal canal.. Oisruption oi the blood
in this caseandspalethe white
spinal artery couldprodme.th;-1e;ilni-slenfrom
the ventral' radicular artery'
matter because of the collaterir-"i""ur"ti-on
gray and.whitg..
Lesions resulting directly trom-trauma would involve both the
or embori resulting from minerarized
matter. rn dogs with cartilaginori-"*oori,
are more patchy than
atheromatow pirquEi rr r".n in oirnetes mellitus, the resions
those present in this case.
would be a
lesions seen in this case that mavbe
the
of
age
the
that
stated
Doctor cork
iniiifu insurt' arr
or four d.y.. rn_theffil;;";;v;-"ti.i
minimum
ii,-tn, tinctorili"q"liitv'or-tn!'ti;;";;:.
seenis a change
tgiitti-ttiril
however'
rt oenerarrv,
to ippear in the
macrophag"
foi
days
four
of
takes a minimum
lesion, as in this case'
of this
cranial and caudal to the site
and
Examination of spinal cord sections
seve"" u"nt"tify in caudal sections'
injury would snoi felions to be most
vlntral rootlets suggests
rnt-i""ifing
9f ifte
dorsal-ty in cranial-sections.
retrograde flowl this
iG; il:.tn
axoprisilic
anterograde
of
disrption
"ontinJeo
of organelles'
results in suoslq*n[ t""*ulation
I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t f o r c e f u l e x t r a c t i o n o f t h i s c a l f cipin"i
a u s e dorood
s u b ] . flow'
u x a t i o Forceful
nor
comp""rrli
fracture of the spinal column which then
the
with
cord
the
arteriei entering
extraction can arso resurt in "uuirion or tty-0" subtle and not be apparent at
spinal roots. lnjury to the spinal column
necropsy.
is seen j'n somesections in this caset
Mineralization Of the nervous tissue, asparticipants
also noted mineralization
Some
can occur several hours after injury.
in tn" walls of small blood vessels'
of-Veterinary
contrj_butor. Departmentof Veterinary PathobiologYr.college
ghio 432LO.
--columbus,
Road,
lgzs-cofiey
Medicine' Ohio t"1"-[niu"rsity,
Suggestedreading.
pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma' I' The
Balentine, ffi
Invest ' 79: 2t6-251, l-978'
necrotic lesion as a function 6'f vascular 1njuiy. l"?.
ani Ctinical Neurology. Znd Ed' '
De LaHunt.,' n.:- veterinary Neuroanatomy
Saunders& Co., 1981, P. 2O6.
Griffiths, I. R.: Spinal cord injuries: A pathological^stu9y-ol^11turally
L978'
o""uriing lesions in the dog and cat. J. Comp.Path. 88: 7o3-7I5,
Case II - 84-P-724 (AFIP 194567I)-
old Suffolk ewe' The ewe was treated for
three month! ago but continued to rub. She was presented with
exteiffia-rasites
ioss of wbol around the tailhead, hyperesthesia, mild hypermetria and sore
oiiiicurty in prehension and swailowing. The ewe was euthanatized. The brain was
removedairO promptly immersedin formalin.
Gross Patholoqv. The denudedskin around the tailhead was thickened and
reatffihesionswerepreSentbetweentheright1ungandribcage.
Contributorrs Diaqnosis& Comment.Severechronic diffuse spongiform
ence
are provided.
Sections of medulla or mesencephalon
Lesions are well developed
in this case. The size and frequency of neuronal cytoplasmic vacuoles in the
Sonrevacuoles
medulla are greater than that seen in most cases of ovine scrapie.
Other
empty.
contain wisps or globules of eosinophilic material but most are
- 2 -
ReactiVe
shrunken-andpyknotic neurons'Notethat
angular,
changes-1p|-ude
degenerative
respgP"-
as-ilil'lr-in;oiir".E.biiar more-pronounced
in someglay
astrocytesare ioEniiri"br.e
neuropilPili"[r"-"pongio"u.)'is
tne
but
microcavitation-oi
in-vilcnow-Robinspaces
areas than others. 'ccasionar ,,J"""r"r""i-""rii-ii"ii
Scrapieis a reportable disease' on 19
typical inflammatorychang"r."""-"5f".'t.
in-rV-igaai ZZ positive sheep has
conouctsthe eraoicaiii"-i""gttt'
USDA-AeHrS
a transmissiote,'filterable agent and
farms were found. scrapie is ciuiJo-by p"ion."'-inieclivity is associated with a
beencalrect an atypical virus, ii"oio-l,"
of nrcleic
agen[*1i p9-oevoid
weilht protein C..-iiloqqi gli-tneo""it
rowmotecular
;;6;i1; isnrl
as 2 short filaments' b6 rm
acid. Bv Ey, scripie-associatel
indiameterthatarewound"roundeachother.one-nvpothesisproposessAFtobe
tFre etioLogic agent.
diffuse' moderate'
AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Degenerationand vacuolation' -neuronal' to moderate'
with
or"iffir-ss.,-#.oT; ovine. 2)'$;;siigT cnanlE,-9iily:t'^Tild
etiorogy--compatible with
mird astro"yto.i- ind occasronai-ia[erritosis,-brainstem,
ovine scrapie.
and the spongiform
Conference Note. The neuronal vacuolation and degeneratj-on
c n a n @ 1 i n t h i s S u f f o 1 k e w e a r e q , i t " i l a r k e d . f o r overy
v i n esubtle
s c r a pand
i e . Ithe
n moderator
contrast, these changesin othei OreeOsire often to compareareas of the CNSwith
stressed the need in many.utpE.tEO-lcrapie cases. The inferior corriculus, ventral
simirar anatomical'areas in age-matchedcontroii.'
inouio arways be examined. And, since dark shrunken
tharamic nucr"il-ino-r"oru"
n"r"i,nr') .an o" seen hiitologically in normal
neurons with pyknotic nucr"i t;i"il
6riins should be comparedto normal
brains, similai neurons in scrafie-.iiJli"O
pathogenic agent.will
controls. Neuronswhich are degeneratedas a result of a
responsein- that area. Astrocytosis'
almost arways be accompaniedbt-in-;;i"o"vti"
a
fi["-.pongiiorm-change'of the neuropil anb neuronal vacuolation, is
characteristic finding in ovine scrapie.
The incubation period of Lhe scrapie agent presents dif.ficulties in control of
1-2
the disease. rne a'geof onset in'mo"'" l.fiai lsx of affected animals is over seen.
are
signs
clinical
years
before
years; someanimifil noweverlive up_to.six.
Such anj.malscould 6e asymptomatically incubating and shedding the agent manyyears
after an outbreak.
The nature of the causative agent is not yet known. A twisted particle which
It
forms into. beta-pleated sheets (atyJ.oid) has been associated with infectivity.
particle,
is
twisted
not
the
is
it
if
agent,
is possible, nowbver, that the true
nner'etyentripped in tne amyloid sheet. The agent is knownto be very hydrophobic'
makin6 it extrenrely resistant to disinfection and to environmental factors
(f re e z i n g , d esi ca ti o n , e tc. ).
ovine scrapie is histologically indistinguishable from Kuru and
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in-man and from mink encephalopathy. The agent of the
latter is not infective for mice but is infective for sheep suggesting the disease
is a natural disease of sheep and that mink (and other species) are dead-endhosts.
Contributor.
rowa-ffi-
Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Anes,
- 3 -
Suggestedreading.
Barirger, J.R. et al.:
Replication of the scrapie agent in hamster brain
precedes neuronal vacuolation. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 42: 539-547, I98t.
Diringer, H. et a1.: Scrapie infectivity, fibrils and low moleeular weight
protein. Nature 306: 425-426, 1983.
E h l e r s , B .; R u d o l p h ,R .; D i ringer , H.: The r eticuloendothelial systemi n
scrapie pathogenesis. J. Gen. Virol. 65: 427-428, 1984.
Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats
-_ Hadlowl W.J. et al.:
affected with natural. scrapie. Vet, path. 17: lB7-I99, 1980.
- l'lackenzie, A. : Intrarreuronal enzymic inclusions in the histological diagnrosis
of scrapie. J. Conp. Path. 94: 9-24, 4O5-4I5, 1994.
l€rz, P.A. et aI.: Infection-specific particle from unconventionalslow virus
diseases. Sei. 2252 437-44O, 1994.
Prusiner, s.B. et al.: scrapie prions aggregateto form amyloid-like
birefringent rods. Cell 15z 57-62, 749-358,-11a3.
Zlotnik, I.:
The histopathology of the brain stem of sheepaffected with
natural scrapie. J. comp.path. & Therap. 69: 14g-166,1959.
III - 8t-?97 A&B(z stides) (Arup 1948533). 2 kodachrome
slides).
ssues from a 2-yea
emal-e
tiaffithe
doo
was fine one night, then found comatosethe next morning. Another Scottie
was kept
'u.r.9prr;;id.in.-,n"onscious
doswas
i:,:|".:.T
fui; aiF"g
taken to an I:T:!-I1'!,y191
emergencyclinic where
tfrey identifieo nysiigmus,-anisocoriaand a
rectar terperature of 94a F. Treatment.eonsistedof amoiiciitin,
manniior ino
intravenous fluids.
Over the next 12 hours the_rectal temperature graduarly rose
to 1000 F., the dog remainedunconscious,
and vomited. The vomitus
contained pi.eces.of a plastie bag (used to "paddled'r
*i"p "thick slice baconr') that was
coated with blackened-bacon-fat.ind what appeaieo to be mold. The
vomitus had a
sickening sweet odor like butyric acid. rub'anarys"r o" r"rpi""
were
saved from the
vomitus or plastic uJrap. rt was two-days before the dog
courd
recognize
and react
to its owner. The dog improved sl-owlv ou"i-tne next 5
weeks,
point
to
the
where it
'rmprovement
could walk with assistance and respon-dto externar
stopped,
however,and at this time the dog was tetraparetic, stimuli.
worse on the reft side and had
somecervical hyperesthesia. The dog was killed
and
necropsieo approximately 60
days from the initial ilepisodef'.
QtosS Patholo
ffiI?:^:::':1^*..:n^':!:":|e1a1e.b1ackScottishterrieringood
33g'33$sffiIi!ry:-.:"!lil'.-iil;j;;-"n"i"i"#;:;!ffiil:'.l"Tff
."'j.iiiioii.
;ifi;:..iil']ffi,J:.:i
aflheqi
nn
Eli l rlara
l 'l '
r..--^r-r
^ - r
l?ll,iili: ^.r.:l"l:=_11l
:y,*"tricai-cl;ii"il;;;-Iru"ii=il;-:"ffi:l!="ffii!i"!"1
cingulate
gyri (necroiis,
malacia).
Labordtorv Results.
Serumlead and eholinesterase concentrations were
oeteffir-inJ''.initi.rp"oor.''nowerewithinnormaIreference
rarEe for the laboratory performing inE-af,;1t.;..
At the sametine liver enzymes
(serum alanine aminotrantF"".i"
anf alkaline'pnosphatase) h,eremoderately
increased' Near the time oF nJcropsyno
abnormalities were detected in a
m y e l 0 g r a mc' B c, cri n i ca l ch e mi i tr y panel,
and csF anar ysis.
- 4 -
Brain, caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus
Contributor's ?iagnosis &
and severe'
cavitation, nectosis, neovasculSiiTffion, locally extensive
Brain, cerebellum to severe
ai-Oepfetion-oi-purkinje ce11s, multifocal, moderate
ni Oibietion (thinning) of granular cell-layerr_moderate
i) multifocal necrosii of eiternal granular cells
d) status spongiosusof white matter
Brain, vestibular iucleus - u""uofi" d"g"n"tation, bilaterally synmetrical;
etioloEy-unknown.
to wFratis
.Thecentral nervous system lesions in this dog are.conparable
terriels'
blue
Kerry
described OV FrontgonetyiitO Stoiii, as. well as others'in
sections
microscopic
Doctor Storts examinedkodachromesof the gross lesions and
if not
similar
were
from the brain ;i this dog and iuft tn. moiphologic leslons
possible
discuss
Tnese
authors
identical to what he and Montgomeiyreporteb.
mechanismsthat may-involve aitere-o neurotransmitter systemsin the cerebellar
cortex and caudate nucleus.
Cerebellar degeneration (abiotrophy) is not a recognized problem in the
CNS
scottish terrier breed. This dog nai iro clinical signi referrable to the
dog
to a "ceiebellar ataxia'r' pligl to finding the
system, o" tp".ifi-ally
well as
comatose. furtnermoie, the dog was from a littei of five, and all FUPSras
the sire and damano aif prior progeny have no knownproblems referrable to the
C15.--in" possibilities of a heieOitaiy or viral etiology sge1 unlikely. V'/e.suspect thb orain lesions started at the time of the initial incident, steadily
progressed and that sometoxin may be the primary cause. Weare Llnawareof any
toxin that has produced comparablelesions'. The dog may also have had two separate
problems, one t'he I'toxic-incident" that eventually lead- to her death, and secondly
a cerebeilar abiotrophy that was never detected clinically.
1) Cavitation, multifocal, mildr grdY matter, cerebrum,
[email protected])Neuronalce111ossanddegeneration,segmenta1,
moderateto seveie, Purkinje, Golgi, and granular cells, cerebellr..nnt
etiology--cqnpatibie with a severe hypoxic episode. 3) Neuronalce}I losst
diffuse, mild, brainstem
-AFIP Diaqnoses.
ConferenceNote. Participants discussed the lesions seen in the histological
sectffiib1einterre1ation,andpossib1eetio1ogy/etioIogies.The
In the moderatorrs
cavitati6n in the cingulate gyrus resemblesan old infarct.
experience, such a cavitation in the depth of a sulcus is suggestive of decreased
perfuiion. A thin rim of subpial neural tissue will be spared in manymild cases
of ischemia.becauseof perfusion of somenutrients and oxygen into that area frqn
the CSF. Nurnerousviable endothelial cells in and around the cavitation reflects
their resistance to. such insults comparedto surrounding neuraL tissue.
The slit-like
cavitation and degeneration of the caudate nucleus (seen to be
bilateral in gross photos) is surroundedby numerousintensely-eosinophilic
elongate tapeiing bodies or I'spikes" which represent astrocytic processes called
nosenthal fj.bers. . Thesesignify an intense astrocytic reaction. In this caset
bilateral cavitatibn of the striatum is once again suggestive of an infarct'
possibly due to thrombosis, or to arteriovenous malformation.
In the vestibular nuclei there are diminished numbersof neurons accompaniedby
MarkedPurkinje and granuLar cell loss is present, especlally
astrocytic gliosis.
near the tips of somefolia, while other folia appear normal. In the contributorrs
experience, these histological findings are suggestive of partial cerebellar
herniation. A1so, cerebellar herniation would increase pressure on the vestibular
nuclei causing neulonal degeneration and eventual loss.
Since all of the histologic lesions appear to be of essentialj.y the sare
durationr they are probably the result of the sameprocess. In the moderatorts
opinion they are due to a sing],s hypoxic episode. The areas of the brain most
sensltive to hypoxia are fed by the anterior cerebral artery and include the
hippocampus,striatun, and Purkinje cells especially at foliar tips.
Lesions in
the latter two areas are evident.in this case but the hippocampuscannot be
evaluated.
Initial treatment of this animal with mannitol indicates the clinician(s)
thought it had cerebral edema. Cerebral edemacauses increased intracranial
pressure, which
$el_severe, causes tentorial herniation (hypotnermia, uneven
pupils) and eventually
cerebellar herniation.
The cause of the proposed ieyere hypoxic episode can only be speculated.
participants suggestedgastric dilitatibn or choke (plastic in the'rvomitusr') Some
as
possible causes. There is also a possibllity that tire putative nypoxia
was related
to an unknowntoxin as suggestedby the contiibutor.
contributor..
veteiffilMEFine,
Departmentof_Microbiology, Pathology & parasitology, School of
North carolina state University, Rareigh, North carolina 27606.
Suggestedreadino.
@ndStorts,R.W.:Hereditarystriatonigra1and
cerebello-olivary degeneration oi the Kerry blue tbrrier.
ve[. patn. zo: I4t-I5g,
L98t.
. M o r r i s , J . H., a n d -sch o e n eh, l .c.: The ner voussystem . chaptet 29. r n
Pathologic
Basisof Disease.llg_id., Robbins,
s.t-., cotran,R:i:,-xrrit v.
(Ed s ) r . W . B.S a u n d e rs,I9 g 4 , p , I7 7 O.
o l i v e r , J . E., Jr. a n d Gre e n e ,c.E.: Diseasesof the br ain.
chapter 34. r n
Textbook
of VeterinaryInternal.Medieine;
' 0ii..... of the Dog& c;l:--ina-rj.,Ettinger,S.J. (Ed.), l{.8. Saunders
Co., tiaj r- p. he}.
ry'
llssue llm a 7-year-oId spayed female Chocolate Point
Siamese cat.
progressive illness
over a 2-week-period was characterized by ietnargy and
decreased appetite. phvsicarexamination
discroseocrJJr bubbrt-ilrJi iruio,
coughing, weakness,ataxia, and a slight head
tilt
to the right.
NeurologicaL examination revealed decreased
greatest Loss in the left forerimb. eoth-opiic proprioception in all linbs with
ano tactiLe placing reflexes were
sl'owerin the 1:f!-tn3l the.right forerimb.'--nopping
refrex was diminished more in
the fore than in the hind
diminished
rimbi,
reflex.
and the left
- 5 -
forelimb
again had the greatest
There was no improvement after the administration
The eat was euthanatized at ownerts request'
I.V.
of 1 gram/kg of marnitol
j.nterpreted as normal.
Laboratorv Resu1ts. Skull and thoracic radiographs were
4+
Proteinuria
trA27 unlts
HYPeramYlacemia
89%
segs
analYsis
fluid
SPinal
7
lymphs
19
tl{Bc
4
monocytes
22,176
RBC
'7
PCV
protein
87 rng.fr
pressure - not recorded
re
cerebrunn,Siarese
Diagnosis & Comment. Malignant ependymoma,
both
and
mandibular
right
tes,
catr
node
(sections
a
retropharyngeal
and
tumor
cerebral
the
of
retiopharyrgeal nodes,
hdve been stained with HE).
This is the first primary brain tumor of cats in the files of Angell Memorial
Animal Hospital with noda] metastases. The neoplasminvolved the anterior right
Its dimensionswere 3.8 x 1..5 x 1.4 cm.
cerebral. hemispheremore than the left.
It extended from above the optic chiasm adjacent to the third ventricle forward
causing conpression of the lateral ventricles and elevation of the corpus
callosum. It replaced muchof the frontal and olfactory lobes and both olfactory
bulbs. Both ethmoid turbinates contained neoplastic thrombi. It caused focal
lysis and lateral displacernentof the orbital process of the right frontal bone.
Metastaseswere found in the right mandibular and both retropharyngeal nodes.
Ependymalrosettes with demonstrableblepharoplasts by PTAHand Bielschowskysi.lver
technics were the essential diagnostic features in both the primary and metastatic
tumors.
Contributor's
Interstitial
nephritis with sclerotic glomeruli vrasresponsible for the
proteinuria. No,pancreatic lesions were found to explain an elevated serumamylase
in the absenceof azotemia.
AFIP Diagnosis.
Ependymoblastoma,
cerebrum, Siamese,feline.
ConferenceNote. The discussion first centered around whether this neoplasmis
[email protected]
ball-like massesgenerally in the gray matter bordering on white matter. They then
infiltrate
out into the surrounding parenchyma. In this case, that pattern is mt
seen and for that reason participants thought the neoplasmto be primary to the
brain. A neoplasm of more fibrillar
character would be expected in neoplasmsof
oligiclenclroglial or astrocytic origin, due to their extensive processes.
Participants did not find this turnor to be especially fibrillar
in nature. The
presence of many small neoplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei is reminiscent
of germ cells and suggests a primitive-cell origin. In manyareas, however,
neoplasticcells do showdefinite differentiation; cells line up to forn whorlsand
rosettes around empty lurnina and sornepseudorosettes are forrned around vessels, or
neuritic processes (Homer-Wrightrosettes).
. more corrnonly, around pink fibrillar
Special stains suggest the presence of blepharoplasts (basal bodies) in somecells
although cilia are not present. Thesefindings are indicative of ependymal
differentiation and since differentiation towards neural elementsis not seen,
participants thought this neoplasmmost cl-osely fits an ependymoblastoma.
- 7 -
__TheDgOtl of Neuropathologythinks this is a primary neuroectodermaltunor
differentiating along neuroblastic pathways. In their-experience, neoplasms
arising.from_ependymalcel-ls break into the ventricles and are se6dedthroughout
the brain. They prefer a diagnosis of neuroblastomaor primitive neuroectoiermal
tumor.
As a diff"""nir",
diagnosis, choroid plexus papillomas are usually more
intimately associated with the ventriculai system,'and the cells are usually
cuboidalr-as.opposed to the tall columnarceils seen j.n this case. Ependym6mas
and
epenclymoblastomas.
can deveLopsomestroma but a variety of special st'ains'is needed
to diffenentiate tumor-produced stroma from preexistin! stroiira. It
possible to deterrnine the origin of the pink fibril-lar material seenwas not
between nests
of turnor cells in this case.
Contributor.
MemorialAnimal Hospital, ,50 S. Huntington Ave., Boston,
-Angell
uassEcTGFEF-oZIto.
Suggested readino.
M.: Thalamic ependymoma
ffiVandeveld€,
in a white-tailed
deer. Vet. Path. 15: Itt-ItS, 1979.
R u b e n s t e i n ,L .J.: T u mo rs-o fthe central nervous system. Ail.as
of Tunor
Pathology. Secondseries. AmericanCancerSoc. and ArmedForces
Institute
of
Pathology, 1972.
Sa w r d e r s ,G.K .: Ependymoblastoma
in a dairy calf. Vet. path. zr: 52g-529,
t98t.
Zackary,J.F:1.0'Brien,
..-.'' rntramedullary
spinal ependymoma
?.p:t alg Fly, R.w.:
in a_dog. Vet. path. lg: kgz-loo,
19g1."
neoplasms
.Zakir l.'A., and Hurvitz, A.r.j spontaneous
of the centraLnervous
system
of the cat. J. sm. Anim.prac!. 17: 773-7g2',1976.
DAVID
L . F R I T Z ,V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Departmentof Veterinary patholbgy
- 8 -
Results
AFIP WednesdaySlide Conference - No. 13
19 December 1984
R o b e rt M. K ovatch,D.V.M .
Diplomate, ACVP
ProgramResourees,IrE.
Frederick Cancer ResearchFacility
Frederick, MD 2I7OL
(l kodachrome
slide).
o r 8354 (AFIP I9477I7
CaseI - 828I,8287,8?97,8335
rom rats
Iey raE. l].ssues wereco
. Z-year-old ma
years.
2
for
study
toxicitY
oral
a
chronic
on
that
Gross Patholoqy. Dental malocclusion and/or dentaL fractures were found
rreqffianima1s.Thesurfacesoftheincisorswerewhite,thickened
or pitted. Frequently, the nasal, maxillary, frontaL or parietal borresof treated
rats were white, thickened, and rough, comparedto those of the control animals.
These changeswere bilaterally symmetrical and were quite obvious on the periosteal
surfaces of tne bones forming-the roof of the cranial vault (photo).
Contributor I s
& Comment. Ameloblastic dysplasia, diffuser
isural malformation, incisor,
severet
Sprague-Dawleyrat, rodentia. Subperiosteal hyperostoseS,diffuse, mild to
rat, rodentia.
moderate.(depending on section), cranial bones, Sprague-Dawley
rat,
Calciun fluoride granules, moderate, di.ffuse, bones and teeth, Sprague-Dawley
rodentia. Inflammation, nonsuppurative, chronic, multifocal, with keratinized cyst
(sofilesections only), nasoJ.acrimalduct, Spragtre-Dawley
rat, rodentia.
Etiology--chronic experi.mentaLfluorosis.
These sections were pr6pared from tissue collected from rats that were given 10
or 25 ng/kg/daylos of sodium fluoride for 2 years. Although the sections were cut
from several blocks, each slide showslesions that are expected in rats wj.th
chronic fluorosis.
The ameloblastic layer is dysplastic and characterized by irregular flattening
and loss of ameloblasts, and herniation of ameloblasts into enamel. In sore
sections there are inclusions of enameLin the ameloblastic layer. The
ameloblastic Lesions were diffuse in these sectibns, but were multifocal and less
severe in rats given Lower doses. Enamelwas lncomiletely and irregularly formed.
The incisors were frequently malfonred as demonstrated by the irregular shape of
the teeth. However,vre did not demonstratetreatment-related lesions in
odontoblasts, predentin or dentin in our study.
Subperiosteal hyperostoses were found frequently in cranial bones, ribs,
sternum, and vertebra. The hyperostoseswere bilaterally synrmetrical and
characterized by the subperiosteal proliferation of mature bone. In membranous
bones, the new bone appearedto form diffuse sheets of lamellar bone that resulted
in thickened bones with a rough periosteal surface. In sections submitted for this
conference, the excessive bone proliferation is most obvious in dorsal portions of
the frontal and maxillary bones. Becausethe subperiosteal deposition of new bone
is often uniform, one must be familiar with the normal shape and thickness of thr
bones or the microscopic lesions may be missed.
Darkly eosinophilic or basophilic granules of variable size were scattered
throughout the bones and teeth and are similar to those reported in previous
studies in which rats were given fluoride sal-ts. The granuLesare calcium-fluoride
(CaF2) crystals that precipitate whenformalin-fixed tissue is routinely
decalcified in the presence of fluoride ions. These granules are not biologically
important except to indicate that fluoride is present. Cementlines are prominent
becausesmall CaF2crystals are precipitated in those areas.
The mucosal and submucosa
of the nasolacrimal ducts contained variable numbers
of lymphocytes,mast_cells, and macrophages.In addition, a keratinized cyst is
found in nasolacrimal duct of somesections. The lesions in nasolacrimal bucts
were not causedby sodiumfluorlde.
1) Hyperostosis, di.ffuse, mild to moderate, with calcium I
rruori.cle granules, cranial bones, Sprague-Dawleyrat, rodent, etiology--compatible
with-fluoqosis 2) Ameloblastic dysplaiia, bilateral, diffus6, moOerile, wiln
caLciun fluoride granules, enamelotgan, incisor (pei contriOutor)
3) Inflamrnation, mononuclear,miId, Iirfuse, wiLh areas or iquamousdifferentiation
and keratin cysts (not present in all sections), nasoLacrimalduct.
AFIP Diaonoses.
--
Conference
some_participants preferred a diagnosis of osteopetrosis over
h y p e f f i d . ( 1 9 7 ' _N9!+
8),how'ever,defineshyperos[osisasbonehypertrophy
which results from mechanisms
other thin those of iOaptive-reJonstructibn; fLuorine
polsoning is given as a cause of a hyperostotic process involving bone
r"io"piiot
and regeneration.. Osteopetrosis on the other n9ho, is probably best knownas a
sequela of retrovirus-induced hyperostosis in birdi; it is iiio r""n as a specifie
entity in various animal species and is often thought lo be congenital.
Most participants thought the scalloped appearanceof the enamelorgan was
.
to.segmental hyperplasia oi ameloblastsiwnich'were sometimespiled up 5no -- due
undulating). Enamelwas absent in somesections.
The differential- diagnosis discussed included toxicities due to fluoride,
zinc, eremental phosphorus, hypervitami.nosisD3 or ;
;i;;t-;iin
ry-ril<e
activity.
.
Contributor-
lead,
The Procter & GambleCompany,Miami VaJ-J-ey
Laboratories, p.0. Box
1e175,-eiiidTfrfrE:fi,
ohio 45241
.
Suggested readino.
tsuckrw.B.r 0sweiler,G..?-.,...va1
Gelder,G.A.: clinical andDiagnostic
veterinary Toxicol!9y,
publ.
K6ndallTHunt
6o.-, J,976rFp. eg-il'.
sutro, C.J.: Changesin the teeth and bone in 6nibnic
fluoride poisoning.
Arch. Path. 19: I5i-173, 1935.
w a l t o n , R -E ., E i se n ma n nD, .R.: Ultr astr uctur al examinationof var ious
gf 3mglooenesisin the rat iollowing parenterat fluoride aominisir"ii"il-"q""i.s tages
Oral Bio. 19: I7l-IgZ, 1974.
- 2 -
Vol' I,
t{oodard,J.c.: Bones. In Pathologyof_L.aboratoryAnimals.
Spr inger - Ver lag,1978, pp 740'
Bern i s c h k e ,K. , Ga rn e r, F .M., Jo ;;;-i:6.- tr Oi.) ,
757-758.
enameland
Yaeger, J.A,: The effects of high-fluoride diets on developing
dentrin in the incisors of rats. nm.:. Anat. 1182 665-684,1966'
-old female RhodeIsland red chickens (Gal1us
'newly hatched chicks from a
fne-oGer received a shipment of
:
2
;rr*iilffiifr'natcnery11 dayspreviously. Lossesstaiteo inrmediatelv.:?X
percent.
50 !P^!]f
gvrrpg9-Ywr.
live and 2 dead birds were submitted ior diagnosis losses had reached
iign. of illness were not observed until snoitty before death. Prostration and
opisthotonus predominated.
Gross pathoLoqy. Hearts were enlarged and waxy-white. There v{asa small
amouffiardia1f1uid.Sp16enswereenIargeds1ight1y.Pa1efociup
to Z mmin diameter were noted in lungs. Cecumswere distended with caseouscasts.
Results. Salmonella pullorum was cultured from pericardial fluidt
Proteus also grew in profusion
rive@w@faces.
Laboratory,
Veterinaffivices
National
The
from
Liver.'
on meiia inoculated
strain.
standard
pullorum
the
as
isolate
S.
the
Iowa
typed
Ames,
APHIS,USDA,
*Laboratorv
Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment. Myocarditis, chronic, diffuser severe, due
standard strain.
to i
Pul1orumdiseaffi-dtoare1ative1yeffectivecontro1program
since L975 and is no longer the subject of muchinterest to diagnosticians. A
survey of medical indices back to 1975 produced2 referencesr one to pullorun
disease in the Somati DemocraticRepublic. However,the disease persists among
chickens raised by hobbyists, and as in this example, occasionally intrudes upon a
cormercial hatchery. It remains a diagnostic ehallenge. Multiple tissues are.
affected (heart muicle, pericardium, lungs, Iiver, large intestine and gizzard)
with necrosis, abscessation and diffuse inflammation. The birds submitted in this
of
case had severe vasculitis with perivascular cuffing and leukocyte infiltration
adjacent brain, principally in and around the cerebellum. Heart was selected for
submission not becauseit provides cLues to a diagnosis but as an exampleof the
extreme degree to which tissue damagemay be attributable to this organism.
AFIP Diagnosis.
Islan@hEfn',
Myocarditis, granulomatous,diffuse, severe, heart, Rhode
avian, etiology--compatibie with Salmonella spp.
ConferenceNote. In the moderatorts opinion the modifier of granulomatousis
inap@theinf1arrmation1acksmu1tinuc1eatedgiantcelIs.|tbst
participants thougrhtthe severeinfiltration
of the heart by a relatively pure
be confused with Marekrs disease or
population of macrophagescould initially
however, began dying at sevetal days of
case,
The birds in this
lymphoid leukosis.
signs
do not show clinical
usually
disease
with Marekrs
age. Birds afflicted
pleomorphic
population
with cells
is
The
neoplastic
cell
Oefore 2-3 months of age.
Lymphoid leukosis usually affects older
ranging from sma1l to medium in size.
birds 14-15 weeks of age; the neoplastic cell population is rnonornorphicard
composedof large blast cells.
- 3 -
Infection by Salmonellapullorum maybe histological']Y indistinguishable frcrn
paratyphoid (S.'ty-FF:itffi h-offiommoniy) and typhoid (S. geflilalgm). Acute
only'seen.ifr-y6fns-bTitld-(lessthan I
usuiity-affect
noio
E;;;;'5i-p"riai"r'5
"""
growingor maturebirds
preferentially
may'
typhoid
weekg),whereas
(Whiteman,Bickford; 1979).
Although S. pullorum is knownto elaborate a toxin which is highly pathogenic
for somesFecles-iffiFEnan chickens, the toxj-n produces no syttptons when
introduced'into chicks by any route. The disease is therefore thought to be due to
septicemia rather than to toxemia (Snowyenbos,1978)
Contributor.
Department of Veterinary Science, University
:0, Ttid$ififfibna'8572I.
of Arizonar Bldg.
Suggestedreading.
C a r l t o n , W.W,a n d H u n t. R .D.: Bacter ial-diseases. Chapt 14. In Pathology of
Laboratory Animals. VoI. II, Benirschke, K., G a r n e r ,F . M . , J o n e s ,T I C . ( E d s . ) r
Sprirger-Verlag, 1978, p. 1444.
Gillespie, J.H. and Timoney,J.F.: Haganand Bruner's Infectious Diseasesof
DomesticAnimals. 7th Ed., Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 90.
Snoeyenbos,G.H.: Pullorum disease. In Diseasesof Poultry. Hofstad, M.S.,
Calnek, B.W., Helmboldt, C.F. et al. (Eds.f, lowa State University Press, 1978, pp.
80-100.
I t l h i t e ma nC
, .E . a n d B i ckfo rd , A.A.: Avian DiseaseManual. Bar nes,H.J.,
EckroadeR
, . J . , F l e t c h e r , 0 . J . e t a l . ( E d s . ) , ColoradoState University Press,
L 9 7 9 , p , 9 6.
Case III
- 84-8221 (AFIP 1948001).
old female Angus. Four of I00 cattle ill over
period of 3-4 weeks, each with crusty dermatitis over face, neck, back, perineum.
salivation and dyspneain some. Two died after illness of 1-2 weeks.
Gloqs Pathology. Multifocal grayish nodules and or streaks in renal cortex,
adreffiortex,
and mfocirdium.
Contributor' s MorohoLooicDiaonoses.
SKJ.n,dermatitis, granulomatous.
Heart, myocarditis, granulomatous.
AFIP Di?9noseg.- 1) Myocarditis, granulomatous,eosinophilic, multifocal,
moderate, with multinucleated giant cells and myofiber degeneration, heart, Angus,
bovine. 2) Dermatitis, subacute, eosinophilic, diffuse, mitO to moderater'skin,
'
etiology--corpatible with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa notn) toxicosis.
3) Sarcocysts, muLtifocal, myoiardium.
Conference |!9!q. Discussion of the lesions centered on the giant cell
popuffiticipants'thoughtthereweretwotypespres5nt.l)0nebeing
classical Langhans'cells involved in inflammation, and',2) the other, which are
sometires elongate, and containing numerouslntensely e6sinophilic arinules,
suspected of being degenerated, attenuated myofibers. fne lesions in tne st<in
resemble those seen in allergic dermatitis.
- 4 -
multinucleated giant cells' in the
-ii-"onridered
The presence of numetousintralesional
characteristic of hairy vetch
absenceof an infectious agent,
said to resemble those seen in
The lesions in lome'""i"i-i""
toxicity.
fever, and even marignant lymphoma'
tuberculosis, malign"nt-""ilrrnj
an
-The first is
Three synclromesale associated with hairy vetch toxicity'
irpestion
with
associated
acute fatal neuroJ,ogic disease i"t"*niinO 1"bi"t, qF is
discnarge,
nasai
-mucousrprnbrane
of the seeds arone. The seconO-coniisis-of
witn inflanmation of the
congestion and subcutieular sweLii.€t it is associated
The third syrdrore is
tiver,
pn.u*ili."ino-.-y"iro*iln
forestomachs, brorahitir,
grazed hairy vetch pastures for
seen in ca.ttre usually ouer l-y"jis-olO which have
and edemaof
several weeksl the primary tinOing; ;; OJrmatitis, conjunctivitis'
(includinp multinucleated
gr eyelids. Eosinophilic granuf6r.lor. infiltratis
Oermi6' The mortality
anO
in th6 kidneys, heart, .it.nii
giant celts)
reaches 5O%.'"""-i"il
the
The toxic principle has not been elucidatedl -an attempt to reproduce
one
been
recently
has
There
cattle v{asunsuccessfur.
oiseasl experiheitiriv-i"
species
other
(Anderson,
198t).
Divers,
report of hairy veicn'toxicity'in
including man. it nas been reported that seeds
of Vicia are also toxic to animits"-no"re
or the frants contaln-cyanogenicglycosides and other
Ino6"tlil""-po"iions
potential toxins. Hemolytic anLmiaknownas favism is seen in people who ingest
the bean of V. ftpg.
Contributor. College of Veterinary Medicine, 0klahomaState Universityt
74078.
stifi@homa
Suooestedreadinq.
fAnderson,
f i r V e r s , Tc. J . : S y s t e m i c g r a n u } o m a t o u s i n f 1 a r r y n a t i o n i n a h o r s e
grazing nairi vetch. J. Am. Vet. Med.'Assoc. I1V:. 569-57A,I?8t.
"
.
Ke i r , L . A.r-E -w a rd s,l ,l .C .: H air y vetch poisoningof cattle. Vet. M ed./ SmAn.
C1in. 257-258, 1982.
panciera, R.J.: Hairy vetch (Vicia viI]osa Roth). Poisoning in_Cat!f:.
Press, L978, pp 555-561.
Effects of P6isonous P1ants on tivEffi-eXldldemic
p a n c i e r a , R .J., Jo h n so n ,L ., Osbur n,B.I.: A disease of cattle gr azing h ai r y
v e t c h . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. 1 48: 804, 1966-
Case IV - Ildt (AFIP 1849457).
out of
n1Sx,o3V.rffi/2YeeRo1dfema1eHerefordca1f.Twoca1ves
anorexia, labored breathing, and elevated ternperaturesof l07o tr
10 cEFhTO
Clinical signs appeareilapproximately 2 weeksafter birth and death usuaLly
occurred within 3 days.
GrossPathology.Theanterior-ventral aspectsof the left andright apical and
card@redarkred,firm,andedematous.Theabomast.rn,smaI1
intestine, and large intestine contained abundantwatery yellow green material.
- 5 -
Laboratory Resufts.
ffialfluid)
Parasitology: Negative.
: Adenovirus identified
by electron microscopy'
Microbiology: Liver, sPleen: No growth.
Lung: alpha Strep, rough E. n n ] i
Intestine: alPha Strep.
Contr
I IS9M-C-]
.V
Mr/v
ild;i;G-t;tnp#i;-n""iorii.
-
1) Moderate acute to subacute multifocal
hultifocal necrotizing splenitis with
J) SevereacutemultifocaLnecrotitilg,llPh?9.:iiti:
lymphoia recrosis. 4) Vascular thrornbosisr.liver, spleen, lymph node'
;iatnpoeritb
i) fntr"nuclear'ainorphous basophilic inclusions, endothelial and
reticuloendothelial cells, liver, spleen, lymph node'
Etiology: Adenovirus.
1) Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute, multifocal, mild to
basophilii intranuclear inclusion bodies, 1iver,-Hereford,
mooei;ffiIififfi[rous
and lyinphadenitis, necrotizing, acute, diffuse, mild, with
b;;il;:-'zj-ipfenitis
multifocal basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodiesl'spleen and lymph node. 7)
Depletion, lympi'roid, diffuse, moderate, spleen and lymph nodel etiology--corpatible
with adenovirus.
AFIp Diaqnoses.
--*
ConferenceNote. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are seen primarily in cells of
tneffiiaJ.system;inthe1iver,however,inc1usionsareoccasiona11y
present in hepatocytes. ihe vascular thrombosesnoted by the contributor are not
present in any sections examinedby partlcipants.
Bovine adenovirus (BAV) nas been incriminated as an etiologic agent in calves
with respiratory and enteric infections and in cattle with hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis (ttenzootic diarrheal diseasert). The virus is isolated from
norrnal cattle, and overt disease due to BAVis thought to be uncomlDn.
ilinically
Ten serotypes have been isolated to date, and of those, two (types 3 and 5) are
more pathogenic than the others. BAVis also thought to be the cause of "weak calf
syndromeilof neonatal calves, which is characterized by subcutaneousand synovial
Iesions of the legs and by gistrointestj-nal disease. Cutlip and McClurkin (1975)
found herd morbidity in areas of the northwestern U.S. to range from 6-15%with
mortality ranging from 60-80%in untreated calves. Other authors think that BAV
infection is aided by inadequate colostrum intake or by concunent infection with
IBR and BVD(Thompson,Thomson,Henry, 1981). This is especially likely since
inun.rnologicincompetenceis thought to be a factor in equine and hr.manadenoviral
diseases (Bulrner, Tsair- Little, L975)
Tl'relesions in calves are attributed, by most authors, to BAVinfection of
endothelial cells with resultant vasculitis, thrombosis, and subsequentischemic
necrosis of dependenttissues. These Lesions differ from those in foals and pigs
in which adenovirus incl,usions are usually seen only in epithelial cells, and
results in a less severe di.sease,
There has been considerable interest in bovine adenovirus type , (BAVl) as a
result of its oncogenic capability and due to the 25%homologybetweenthe DNAof
BAV, and humanadenovirus type 5.
- 6 -
UniversitY of Illinois'
Suoqestedreading.
ffi.S.,Ll!!19r-P.?:i.Adenovirusinfectionintwoca1ves.
L9.75'
-iesions
J. Am. Vet. t',tei. Ass6c- 166z 27V-238,
and pathogenesis-ofdisease in young
A..W.i
McClurkin,
R.C.,
CutJ-ip,
[ype 5-isolated from a calf
calves experimentally induced OV-i Oo"lne adenov!'ius
with weak carr svnJi6r". Am. J. Vet. Res. 36: 1095-1098,\975Diseasesof
-itnand Tj.monei,!.F.: Hagan& Brunerti Infectious
Gillespie, J.H.,
-0., Corn6lt Uniuersity Press, 1981, p' 515'
Domesticgnimafs.
with adenovirus'
0rr, J.P.: Necroti.zi!6 enteiitis in a caif infected
Can. Vet. J. 25t 72-'74, 1984.
J.G., L u p ton,- H.W .: IsOlation of bOvineadenovir usty pe
R e e d ,D . E . , V ,l h e e l e r,
I968-L97I, L978'
-- calves with fn"u*oni" ani et'ie"ili.s. Am. J. Vet. Res. 39: tr
from
T h o m p s o nR.e
, l ,-fn o msJn ,G.!., and^Henr y,J.N.: Alim entar y act
68-7I, I97L'
manifestations of bovine adenovirusinfectibns. Can. Vet. J. 222
D A V I DL . . F R I T Z ; V . M . D .
Captai-n, VC' USA
Registry of VeterinarY PathologV
Departmlnt of Veterinary Pathology
- 7 -
Results
Co1f9len9e - No' 14
Slide
AFIP V{ednesday
9 JanuarY L98fg'
Jerrold M. Ward,DVM'PhD
Diplomate ACVP
Laboratory of ComparativeCarcinogenesis
National CancerInstitute
FCRC,Bldg 538
Fred6rick, luD 2I7OL
and7 (nrrP 1945149)
age t|
r\;r\.unrat was injected at 2 monthsof
inu N:NIH
nth-otd femare rnu/rnu
age.
It developed wasting disease at 10-11 monthsof
lurea.
Grosq-&!h9]ggL.Lungs-didnotcollapse,diffuselydiscoloredand
consolidated.
pneumoni'a'Pneumocystis
lnterstitial
Contli
..catlnll.
-Tfi:is
due,
rat was one of three injected with NMUand which developed Pneumonia.
arthough
No other nuoe rall-in tne colony developed.this_pneumonia
to p. carinii.
The3 rats had the
pneumonia
oi-oacterial bronchopneumonia.
within
foamy
material
of
sanreatypical leiions for e. carinii, i.e. -few area's
stainins'
GMS
with
orgal+sm.
this
witn
atveori, tne cralliitlr'r""r5'n=amitJo
It"nffi:*virar
miny-oiganist"
cin-OJ seen' frequently
individually
AFIP Diaqnoses. 1) Pneumonia,interstitial,
within
alveoLi'
granulomato.us,multifocal'
.'i!1.
i n t r f f i i I i c i o r m i 'iJdilG;
, - r L n g , r n u / r n u t . t i t . t i H r a t , r o d e n t . ? ) t - v P n a d e n i ' t i s ' lyrpn node.
diffu6e, m66erate, with numerouseosinophils,
giinulomatous,
ConferenceNote. The discussion centered on the lung lesions which were
c o n s f f i t i ci p a n tsto b e a typ i ca 1 ôfpneumocystosis.Thehoney- com bed
i o a n r v _ ma te ri ,a 1 *n i E n _ tvp i baU.yfi11sa1v' eo1iinW - infectionison1yse en
than seen in
rareiy in these sections. Thl numberof organisffi-ilfffess
the
that
participants
speculated
iypicif cases of pneumocystosis. Some
the
that
and
mechanisms,
defense
host
by
pn-ewpiysiosis was being'resolved
possibly
virus.
a
causes'
other
to
been
due
have
may
inflammati6n
interstitial
The differential diagnosis included histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis'
Most animals which develop clinieal
mycoplasmosisand Sendai-virus infection.
pizunpcystosis are irrnune suppressed;in thj.s case, th9 rats were given.an
The
in*,no.i,ppressive drug (nitrbsomethyiurea) 9 monthsprior to their sacrifice.
not
be
therefore
relation bf tne drug [o the lesions present in this case can
determined.
found in rats' even
Bronchial associated lymphoidti.ssue (BALT)is normally normal mice' The
in.
nude rats such as the N:NIHstrain. BALTis not prominentto be less than'normal
moderator considered the arnountof BALTin these sections
intra- and
indicating somelymphoiddepletion. Beaverand Jung-(1984),describe
ultrastructural
on
based
extracellurar pnaiti oi the life fvcre-or Pneumocysfis
studies of the lungs of Youngrats.
Contributor. Laboratory of ComparativeCarcinogenesis,Frederick Cancer
NrH, Frederick, Maryland,2r7orneseffi
grooested reading.
ffi,R.C.andCupp,E.W.:Clinica1Parasito1ogy.9thEd.'
Lea
- & Febiler, L984, I67-L7O.
pnetrmonia'
CnanOlirr'f. W., Frenkel, J. K. and Campbell,W. D.: Pneumocystis
Am. J. Path. 95: 57I-574, 1979.
infection
Frer*<e1,J. K., GoodiJ. T. and Shultz, J. A.: Latent Pneumocvstis
tSSg-fW96T
of rats, relapse, and chenntnerapy. tq6. invest. tS
N. 6., Caison, J. L'.; Collier, A._M.: Ultrastructural observationsof
Henshaw,
pner.mcystii carinii attachmentL6 rat lun6. J. Infect. Dis. 151: 181-186' 1985.
f f i i i t i c D i s e a s e s i n t h e - L a b o r a t o r y R a t . . Y o 1 : . l r ( H . J . - B a k e rL?79t
'
tLy.tL-7'-..
Press, New.York,
J.R. Lindsey, S.H. Weisbroth,Eds.), Academic
Vol. IV' J.
Protozoa.
Parasitic
In
Pn6umocystlq.
fr.:
Aikawa,
T.'t',t.
and
Seed,
Fress, TffiTRl.
P. K;Gi (Ed.i, Academic
hospital with
spayedfemale springer spaniel lrraspresented to a
a depression of about a
complaint of anorexia and
Physical examination revealed hepatosplenornegaly and icterusr .
monthts duration.
and a mass in the right inguinal mamrnaryg1and. The owner elected euthanasia and
the animal was neerdpsied at the clinic.
Gross Patholoqv. A 1x2 cm ulcerated skin lesion was noted on the left carpus.
[email protected]
contained a 6 cm white mass. Mucousmembranes,fat and viscera were stained
yellow. The liver was enlarged, bulge on section and stipled with 1-2 nrn
The spleen-wai swollen and dark. The left renal cortex contained
iray-rvfrite foci.
i +- cm yellow caseopurulent mass. Large numbers of heartworms were found i.n the
right alriun and ventricle, pulnnnary arteries and vena cava. The left
Oiiphragnatic lung lobe hail a 2 cm nodule in the parenchyma. It had broun-white
caseous appearance on section.
Laboratory ResuLts.
ffi'
Bilirubin
Neutrophils
Bands
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Platelets
1.9 mg/dl
- 2 -
8]%
15
1%
none _
25xLO2
Contributor's Diaqnosi-s& Comment.
acute-subacutenecrotizing hepatitis'
MDX: LiVCr
Z) UifO stbacute multifocal nonsuppurativepericholangitis'
3) Intrahepatic bile stasis.
ai Uinimal multifocal extramedullaryhematopoiesis'
Diagnosis: Tyzzerrs disease. Etiology: Bacillus pilifgrm*:.
Disseminateoihroughoutthesectionof-iiVmquent1y
coarlsiing foci of neciosis surroundedby j-ntense infrannnatory infiltrates
octasional hepatocytes at the margins of some
pilm"rilv-oi-neutrophirs.
il;Gii"g
nectotic areas contain faint criss-crossing patterns. Kupffer cells are frequently
distended with yellov{-greengranular pigment (bile?). Bile canaliculi are
moderately abundant
iiequentiy plug6ed
-En witfr nitel Scatteiei portal areas contain
and
granulocytic
occasional sinusoid contains erythroid,
plasmaceils.
megakaryocyticprecursors.
The renal lesion histologi.cally was a necrotizing granulomatousreaction
assocj.atedwith i fungu" naving slbnder dichotomouslybranching, septate hyphae
JonpatiOle in morphol6gywith Aspergillu:. AIso present in the kidney were
masswas a mixed
The mammary
coiiainingffiaEtieTarvae.
;rliipG-gr-nufomis
embolismof
previous
verminous
a
represented
pufmJn"ry"lesion
fh;
tumot.
maflnary
by
ingesting rodent fecal
inunitis. The animal was apparently infected
oi"oiiiaria
contaminatedfeed.
Special sta1ns confirmed the presenceof intracell!}ar,
criss-crossing
Bacillu??1I+I9g+:. II1T:::'
in morphology.with
oacteiia-compatible
rod-sFraped
animals. Fr€quenEry
disease'usually affects young and weakened, S.rrnunocompromised
is also preient] unfortunately, the GI tract was not examined by the
an enteritis
The source of the mycotic nephritis was not determined.
submitting practitionbr.
AFIp Diaonosis. Hepatitis, necrotizing, subacute, multifocal,
eton6EF|nt:Etarbaci11i,1iver,springerspaniel,canine,
with Bacillus piliformis.
etiology--compatible
moderate, with
Conference Note. In some sectj.ons there are varying amounts of herprrhage
. The granulomatous response associated with most necrotic
within necroti.c
was c6nsidered by participants to indicate a more chronic
and
unusual,
is
areas
di.sease course than is usually seen. in'the foal, for instance, acute necrosis
with minimal inflarmation is typical.
Tyzzerts disease has only been reported several times in the dog andîs thought
to be'acq.rired by contacting- or ingesting rodent feces containj-ng bacterial
loca1 proliferation of organisms is thought -to_take
spores. Followihg infectioi,
subsequent spread to the liver following
cells'with
piace in intestinil
epitne1iil
Colonization of the hepatic parenchymaresults in multifocal
conditions.
itressful
nipiiic-neiiosis
presunablyas the result of an unidentified toxin.
In rodents and
Iagornorphs,spread to the heart is also seen and thought to occur via the
lynphatics.
Contributor.
uissiffiFFffiate,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University,
Mississippi 39762.
- t -
fuooested readinq.
ffier,F.M.andq9ne?rÎ..9.(Eds.):Patho1ogyofLaboratory
Vol.'II,'Springei-Verlag, 1978, 1380-1'84'
Animals.
Greene,C. E. i btinicar uici6oiorogy ano Infectious Diseasesof the Dog and
Cat. U{.B. Satnders, 1984, 628-629.
poonacha,K.-B:i' rrr"iui"iiy o""u"ring Tyzzer's disease as a corqrlicatign 9!
distemper ani mycoiic pn"rmonii in a dogl .:. nm. Vet. Med.Assoc. 169z 4I9-42O,
L976.
Qtrereshi,S. R.: Tyzzersdiseasein a dog. J. Am.Vet. Med.Assoc' 168:
6o2-60,4,L976.
Case III
- 12-97539 or I2-075V7 (AFIP 1945165)-
LBlc nu/+ llpuse. The damof this
mousffiedethy1nitrosoureaintraperitoneal1yonday16ofgestation.The
fndrsewas sacrificed at 15 monthsold.
Gross Pathology. lvtrltiple nodules were found throughout the lungs.
of the lung
Cmtributorts Diagnosis & Comment.I) Papillary adenocarcinomas
( o f S o 1 i d a d e n o m a s o f t h e 1 u n g ( o f a 1 v e o 1 a r t y p e
II celL origin). t) Hyperplasiaof alveolar macrophages.
have been described as derived frcrn Clara cells
me papillary adenbcarcinomas
(Kauffman, 1979). Our investigation of the immunocytochemistry
of these and other
pulnnnary tunors of the mousehas revealed that these tumors contained the
apoprotein of surfactant but no Clara cell antigens. Thesefindings suggest that
these tr-rnorsare derived from alveolar type II celLs.
papillary and solid, lung, BALB/c,mouse,
Adenocarcinoma,
ConferenceNote. Participants noted several morphologicpatterns within this
puhffi1nsomeareas,thetumorappearSsoJ-id,andathigher
magnification neoplastic ceLls can be seen to line alveol-ar septa and eventually
fiU tfe alveolus. Such a pattern is described for alveolar tumors of type II
pnarrpnocytes described by Kauffman(L979). In other areas, the tunor consists of
papillary or tubular arrays and correspondswith the Clara cell neoplasmdescribed
by Kauffman. Aside from morphologic differences seen at the light microscopic
level, these two types of neoplasmswere further differentiated by Kauffmanbased
upon ultrastructural morphology.
In a study (l{ard et a1., 1985) by the moderator, whocontributed this case, all
areas of this neoplasn are negative for Clara cell antigen and positive for
surfactant apoprotein, suggesting even papillary neoplasmsare &rived from type II
pneumrocytes. However,as pointed out by the moderator, cells from papillary
neoplasmsmay be Clara cells which have not yet producedClara ce1l antigen. The
inportance in differentiating solid from papillary tumors resides in their
biological behaviors: solid tumors grow very slowly and are considered benign,
while papillary tumors grow and invade very rapidly and are considered malignant.
Both the solid and papillary neoplasmsof mice bear somemorphologic similarities
to bronchioloalveolar carcinomasof man.
- 4 -
The supra-numerous alveolar macrophagesi.n alveoli
typically seen in mice with multiple lung turnors'
Contributor.
neseEiffiE
surrounding the tumots are
Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesi-s, Frederick Cancer
NrH,Frederick, Maryrand,zr'/oL.
gJqqested reading.
f f i , C . H . a n d W a n g , [ . M : : A m o r p h o 1 o g i c . c 1 Lab.-Anim.
a s s i f i c a tSci.
i o n o12i
f 638-647,
femalemice.
in BALBT;
alveolar-bronchi6lar-ne6ptasms
L982.
Kauffman,S. L.: Histogenesisof the papillary Clara celI adenoma. Am. J.
Path. LOiz 174-180' 198L.
Kauffman,S. L:, Alexander,L. and Sass, L.:_ Histologic_andultrastructural
of the mbuselung. Lab. Invest 40:7o8-716,
features of the Clara ce1l adenoma
L979.
localization
I{arct,J. M., singh, G., Katyal, s. L.-9t a}:: Irrnunocytochemical
and
induced
chemically
antigen_in
Ciara
eeI1
anb
ap6piotein
surfactant
of the
1985).
(rn
1I8:
Path.
press
Am.
J.
naturally occurring'pulmonaryn"opi"rms or mice.-
Sprague-Dawley male rat that was one of 600
2:ye-r carcinogenicity study;-clinical signs.pliol 1o "1?lllig:
;
"
il;i"dfi-poiterioi
faral.ysis, brown biscot6ied urine and slight body welght loss.
Cmtributor's DiaOnosis& Comment.Stemcell leukemia characterized by marked
p r o r m a r r o w ( 1 u n b a r v e r t e b r a e ) w i t h e n c r o a c h m e n t
cold.
pinal
o f s-Elioiogy
_ _ _! L! 1 _a
. .. !L^!
- .,r -. .of stem ce].1 leukemia is not knownl however, possibility that a virus
(rnouseleukemia virus) maybe involved.
Three cases oF itirn c611 leuxemia were found, one in each control, mid-and high
of each.
dose giorps of a-carcinogenicity study, consisting of 600 rats. The age paralysis
posterior
of
6 ilonths,-with typicar clinical signs
""i-*ii-aiproxim"iJiv
anOprim# involvembnt of boni marrow, liver and spleen in each case.
AFIP Diaqnosis.
stem cell neoplasia, vertebral body and liver,
sprague-Dawley
rat,
ConferenceNote. Neoplasticcells in both the vertebral bodyand liver have
...nffipraiin,andp1eo[E$hi9nuc1eiwhichareindentedand
to demonstrate
deformed. Nucrei 6iiEn n"u" larle nucrboH and special stains failfindings
are
these
moderator,
the
of
.Vtopiairic granulis. In the exferience
and
cells
blast
of
nuclei
round
the
to
iiggEiiiue oi stemcells, in contrast
,ovEioio-"itts. The modeiatorfurther stated that eventhe slightest amountof are
wi1]. eausedistortion of roundnuclei, and that blood smears
[i..*-.utolysis
the
--'- onty proier meansof determiningcellular rnorphology._
is basedupon
TG'Oiaghosisof stemcell leukEmiain youngSprague-Dawley.rats
rats less
in
leukemias
spont'aneous
ce1ls.the lack of peroxidasein neoptaiiic
young
than I year old are tegaxded as rate;
the occuirence of stem cell
- 5 -
leukemj'a in
rats (rEan age 180 days) is reminiscent of childhood
spleen and bone marrow is
of tne iivir,
infiltrati.on
is most extensively
marrow
The
bone
leukemias.
iell
peicentage of rats show evidence of CNSinvolvement,
Contributor.
Sterling-l'linthrop
leukemias. cellular
an outstanding feature of stem
ihvolved, and a t-tigh
as is seen in this case.
Researeh Institute,
Rensselaer, NewYork 12144.
Suooested readinq.
ffies,P.C.andTennant,R.|{.:Spontaneousstemce1I
in'young Sprague-Oawleyrats. Lab. Invest. 262 419-428, 1972.
leukemia
Swaen, e.:.Vl ahO Van Heerde, P.: Tumoursof the haematopoie!1c system._ In
Pathology'of Tr.moursin Laboratory Animals. VoI. 1- Turnoursof the Ralr V.S.__^
Internatiilnal ngency for Research on Cancer, L973, p. 188.
Turusov-(Ed.-in-chief),
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary PathologY
- 6 -
Results
AFIP V{ednesdaYSlide Conference No' 15
L6 January 1985
Conference Moderatol;
Miriam R. Anver' D . V . M .
Diplomate ACVP
ClementAssoeiatest Inc.
1515 l{ilson B1vd.
Arlington, VA 22209
Case I -
ffiear-old
-obstruction
male boxer dog with a history of upper
by.-;oiioo"r"attaihA6 !ng.91'9"11i1:"T+^::1"::ro:"ll:
andwhite
sraw-colored
conta:.neo-teiatinous
iffiEi:"ffit":3::ffiHi";i ;d;:--it
materi.al.
(25nm x 5nrndianeter) was
Gross Pathology. A circular flange of soft tissue
The cut
smoothand grey; the other was rough and dark.
rounffi
surfaces were firm and fibrous.
of this cyst
contributor's Diagnosis & conrnent. The histological appearance
* " r r a t e a i i r i u a r i s e c r e t i o n . T h(C.E.
e s Harvey
i t e d et
e al',
s c r L987;
i b e d
is one of the less corunonones for salivary mucocefl
'
Huffana and Arehibaldn L964i Harvey, 1981)
--..^ is
: seen. r-.,aa
a,,rran6 is
surface
One
tissue
connective
A section or-[vpJiemi" fiorovi36urar
this are
partly covered by unremarkablestratified squamousepithelium' Beneath
is
flat
surface
The other
'eosinophilic
salivary (rnrcus) acini, ducts .nO-. few lymphocytes'
on
rests
that
material
forned by an it""gu1"i'accunnutation oi nyiUne
plentiful
is
a thick 1ayer of inflamed granuliiion tiisue in which thereepitheriurn. The hyaline
henosideri.n. rn piaces-in6 surrace bears somestratified and PASstains'
surface material ;!g|G n.if.f' foi mucuswith mucicarmine
and
AFIP Diaonosis. cySt (mucocele), with surrounding chronic inflanmation
g"anffipnirynx(percontributor),boxer,canine.
pinf. ny9lin
conference Note. The discussion centered on the identity of the
' " t " f f i i n i r - i u r t . " " - o r t n e c y s t . S o r n e p a r t i c i p a n t s t h o u g h t i t t o b e represented a
musc]e; however, the cbnsensuswas that it
O"i*""it"O-"["iJiai
A few participants
mixture or necrotic oeoris,'mucin, and possibly fibrin.
this case is
cqrmentedtnat lne-amountof granufitioh tissub-present.in mucoceles.
This was
association with
considerabry reis-th;;-ia usuiriv-li*-:.n
to I week
days
considered an indication that thl lesion was relatively new.(several
are
epitheliun
duct
OId). In manySections, remnantsof the ruptured salivary
present.
diagnosis of ranular lnd of branchial and thyroglossal duct cyst
-inese
A differential
ire lined OVan 6pitneUum, ciliat"d.i,n the case of the
was discussed.
A ranula lies
branchial cyst, while the mucoceli only'has remnints of epithelium'
of the
floor
the
in
ducts
inO'submandibular
along the course oi-ine sublinguaf
can be
however,
Either,
mucocele.
subpharyngeal
mouth, and is more cofimonthan the
cure'
a
and must often be dissecteO out surgically to effeet
prevalence
"-pto6fer-cfinicifly
A familial predisposition in ooxJi dogs has been suggesteddue to a high
amongsiblings in scrnelitters.
contributor.
aox lffiol
Department of Veterinary Pathology, university
L69 3BX, England.
of Liverpool,
P'0'
Suoqested reading.
J . A . , R o s s m a n , . . LE: . e t a 1 . : T e x t b o o k of VeterinarY
ffii"n,
E d ' , 1 { ' B ' Saunders,L983,
Internal l,tedicine. Ettinglr, S. J. (Ed.), Vol. II,2nd
p.
-H"rrey,
r- 1181.
H. J.: pharyngeal mucocelesin dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178:
L282-L28t, 1981.
----nuuano,
salivary mucocelesin dogs' C a n .V e t . J . 5 :
t. J. and Archibald, J.i
109-117, L964.
Case II - 87-19
tumor frorn an 8-L/2 year old male dog tras excised
muc
ior-nijlopatnofogi- diagnosis. Thedog wasexhibiting dysphagiaand
and
stridor of increasing severity over a 2-monthperiod.
Contributorrs Diagnosis & Comment.Canine laryngeal oncocytoma.
the canine laiynx consisting ol a uniform
i
and large round nuclei containing
cytoplasm
population of celLs with bosinbphilic
ioiinopnilic or clear inclusions. UltristrucLurally the cells.contain numelous
mitochqrdria. The incLusions consist of cytoplasmic invaginations (eosinophilic
inclusions) and glycogen accumulation(clear inclusions).
.-AFIp Diagnosis.
canlne.
oncocytoma,larynx (per contributor), breed unspeci'fiedt
diagnosis whieh
Conference Note. The discussj.on centered on the differential
inc1@granu1arce11tumor(granu1arceI]myob1astoma),
rhabdomyosarcoma, s6fiO carcinoma, and chemodectoma. Populations of cells within
granular cytoplasm. Special stains
this ne6plasrnhave intensely-eosinophilic,
reveal miny of the cytoplasmic granules t6 6e PAS-positive and diastase resistant'
as are many of the ciear intranuclear inclusions noted to by the contributor.
FnospnotgnistS.c acid hematoxylin (PTAH) staining demonstrates the cytoplasm 91 3I1
with fine PTAH-positive granules. These were thought by
turnoi celll to be filled
participants
to correspond to the nLrnerousmitochrondria noted in the contributorrs
The Department of Otolaryngic
examination of tumor ceIIs.
irttrast'ructural
Pathology coraurred with the diagnosis of oncocytoma based upon the histologic
appearante of the tLfillr (H&E and special stains) and the contributorrs
Participants wete i-n agreement, however, that a
findings.
ultrastructural
diagnosis cannot be made based upon HEE sections alone.
definitive
wete first describedby Pass, Huxtable' Cooperet
Caninelaryngeal oneocytomas
al. in 1980, and have beenreported several times morerecently. 0rcocytesare
poorly-undeistoodepithelial cells scattered throughmajor endocrineand exocxine
glandsof the upperairwaysand.digestive-tractsof
gfanOiard within seromucinous
ilan. Similar cells are knownOy tne namesofrroxyphil" ce1ls (parathyroid) and
ttHuerthlettcells (thyroid). In old dogsoncocytic cells ate eommonly
fourd in the
to be
thought
glands.
were
originally
0ncocytes
of
salivary
d.ntal epithelium
activity
enzyme
high
have
mitochondrial
shown
to
have
been
but
since
degenerative
2
and a high rate of mitochondrial division. Lundgren,Olofsson, and Hellquist
(L982) suggest that an increase in mitochondria as a compensatoryhyperplasia is
perhaps initiated by an age-related exhaustion of one or more mitochondrial enzyme
systems. This process would ultimately lead the normal celI to oncocytic
metaplasia.
Contributor.
45247---
The Procter & GambleCompany,P.0. Box V9I75, Cincinnatti, Stio
Suggestedreading.
B r i g h t , R . M., Go rma nN, . T ., Gor ing, R. L. et aI.: Lar yngealneoplas i ai n tw o
dogs. J.'Am. Vet. Med.Assoc. I84: 738-74O,L984.
Calderwood-Mays,
M. B.: Laryngeal oncocytomain two dogs. J. Am. Vet. l,1ed.
Assoc. I85z 677-679, 1984.
Lundgren,J., Olofsson, J. and Hellquist, H.: Oncocyticlesions in the
larynx. Acta 0tolaryngol. 94: 735-i44, 1982.
P a s s , D . A ., H u xta b l a ,C . R ., Cooper ,B. J. et al.: Caninelar yngeal
oncocytomas. Vet. Path. I7z 672-677, 1980.
Thackray,A. C. and Lucas, R. B.: Tumorsof the Major Salivary Glands. Znd
Series, Fascicle I0, Atlas of TumorPathology, AFIP, 1974, pp.56-59.
w h e e l do nE
, .8 .1 su te r, P . F ., Jenk5.ns,
T.: Neoplasiaof the r ar ynx in the
dog. J. Am. Vet. Med.Assoc. 180: 642-647,I9AZ.
- R80-120(AFrP 1902454).
. In].s -mon
crossbred sow had received artificial
insemination
sever
, but did not conceive. She showedsigns of lamenessand endcrnetritis
about 20 days prior to necropsy.
CaseIII
Gross Patho'logy. The right uterine horn appearedfirm and distended. A great
arrn@teria1Fitteothe1umen.'i{owever,the1eftuterinehornand
the ovaries were grossly normal.
Laboratory ResuLts. A cuLture of the uterine discharge was made. A great
n.on@co1onieswereiso1atedfromthe[terinedischarg6.
Cmtributorrs D
& Comment.Endometritisin the gilt is not comnon,
careless use of an instrument,or it may
occur at the time of breeding. Elnarsson (1980) reported that E. coli,
)Eapnyrococcr
Staphylococci ano
and sErepEococc].
Strept_gqocci are orEen
often lsolateo
isolated rrom
from endometritls
endometrffifr-n'O
and vagj-naJ.
vaginal
discfiatges. Bacteria which can cause endometritis are as follows: Streptococci,
:-.:r,_-?..-
e!--L..a-^-^^:
-â:
A--^,-^L^^
---r--.#'
9!+nyfggocci, E. co1i, CorylePactelium pyogenes,Pasleurella multoEldil
KIeOS].eIIa, PSzuOOmOlqCeqq,
salmoneJ.laspp. and Mycoplasrna.
Mycoplasma.
.\-9v919--9.
|
-gvV9lllgr
lqggqg.
gqllllvl
lg44q
Histologically, the uterus was filled with large amountsof suppurative
exudate, and its mucosawas severely necrotic.
AFIP Diagnosis. Endofietritis, necropurulent, acute, with myriads of
i n t r E@u t e ru s,cro ss6 re d ,p b rci .ne,6tio1ogi- st"pnlr o"*..p.
3
ConferenceNote. Participants noted one large area_andnumeroussmaller areas
oreffitionsin.mostsectionsexamined.Additiona11y,anabscess
deep in the endometriun was thought by most to involve a uterj.ne glard.. Ptt
ut.iine glands are atrophic, arels of- the stroma are hyalinized.and contain
The numerousceils containing eosinophilic
collectibns 6r fibrin.
t;iGbiy:sizio
participants to be eosinophils which are
most
by
granules
were
thought
cytoplaimic
of swine; someparticipants, howevet,
conditions
in
many
inflanrnatory
seen
c6nmbnly
(which elaborate relaxin)
granulocytes
endom-etrial
may
be
somespecukted that
are scattered throughout the
primates.
cells
Similar
rodent!
and
in
seen
cbrnonly
ovarian-stloma. Additionally, the Departmentof Gynecologicand Breast Pathology
noted mild, acute oophoritis in the sections they examined.
The differential diagnosis included infection by Staphlococci, E. coli and
BrucelIa.Speciaistainioemonscraceoniygram-posicffi'tn-effir'ofine
ffiAswasnotedbythecontributor,Staph1ococcusspparethoughttobea
involving S. auteus
comnoncause of iatrogreiric infections in anifrEl-s.@icemias
primates
and the placement
venapuncture,
following
are coflnonly seen in laboratory
of intravascular catheters.
Contributor._ Departmentof Veterinary Medicine, AnimaLlndustry research
rnstiEff{-TSefbhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan350, Republic of China.
9rggested reading.
Einarsson, S. ! Repeatbreeding in swine. In Current Therapyin
Theriogenology. Marrow,D. A. (Ed.), SaundersGmpany, Philadelphia, London,
Toronto, 1980.
E v e r i t t , J . I . , F e t t e r , A . W . , Kenney,R. M. et al.: Porcine necrotizing
Staphlococcal endometritis.
Vet. Path. 18: 125-127, I98!.
--n'es-Fa
reproductive
, K. L., Stovlback, P., l'4oler, T.: Staphlococcus aureus as a cause of
faiLure and so-calle d actinomycosis ffi.
Med. 7:
929-947, 1955.
Tharp, V. L.:
lvletritls, mastitis and agalactia.
In Disease of
-Eila;-riir,;.-il;:-H.t't.H.'-iEi.
l, ii*a stateuniversi[y-nrJti,
Swine. Dunne
Thorne, H. and Nilsson, P. 0.: Staphlococcusaureus as the cause of abortion
in swine. Acta Vet. Scand. 2: 7LI-7T6,4767
Case IV - U(f,42-L (AFrP t94tM2).
a L-uz
(Z kodachrome slides
yeat
ema
monkey (Macaca
The face, trunk, arrns, and legs developedmultiple whitfiiil-sed
were not pruritic.
Gross Pathol.ggy.
See kodachrome slide 1.
Laboratorv Results.
See kodachronreslide 2 (skin scraping).
Contributorts Diagnogi,s"&
Conrnent.Cutaneous
acariasis - psorergatic spp.
werecoti;a;e:--Murtiffir#ilst
rerouted nt Elous Psoreroatic mites,' occasional
- -- 'Dernodex
mite, ino a third mitewhich has not yet 6E?i-TTeTEriea.
4
AFIP Diaonosis. Hyperkeratosisand acanthosis, segmental,moderaterwith
intracorneal acarid parasites, stumptail macaque,primate.
ConferenceNote. As a differential diagnosis for the most numerousparasites
presffiogica1sections,participantsconsideredIiceandmites.Most
tholght these parasite- are too small to be lice. The parasite in the skin
scrafing (kodachromeslide 2) has 4 pairs of legs and is cornpatiblewith a mite;
lice have only 3 pairs. This organismhas a round body differentiating it from
Derpdex, the body of which is elongate. Sarcoptes, and several other skin mites'
3 are ioca-red ciose to the
hE-vetaisal suckers and the first [wo paiirc.o
pair
are further caudad. The mite in this case does
capitulurn while the secondtwo
The
morphologic
characteristics of this mite are
not have tarsal suckers.
Participants
thought that the dermatitis present in
Psorergates.
with
compatible
mostcasesofSaffili1dbemoreSeVere.Insomesections,a1argere1ongated
Although it could not be identified based upon
mite is presenfrn--E-fi?'ir follicle.
its morphology1n the sections examined,most felt it was compatible with Denodex'
as noted by the contributor.
A very mild, sometimesminimaL(as in this case) inflammatory responseis
typical of Psorergates infection. Mites live in the stratum corneum,where it is
be1ievedthd@yexcavatationofkeratinwithsaw-1iketeethandfeedby
piercing ceIls with styliform chelicerae.
Contributor. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, HersheyMedlcal CenLer,
eenn6yliiffiiiSffite University, Hershey, Pennsylvania I7O73.
Suoqestedreadino.
sp. N. ( Ac ar i :
J. C ., Atyeo, W . T.: psor er gatesglaucgm ys
ffi,
Psorer!atioaei,acystogenousmitefromtnesoffi(GtaucomF.
# ' .
notes on a mite induced o6rmit cyst. J.-Tffiifol.
volan5l,-wffi'histoiath6logic
5#eg-174,
1973.
B a s k i n, G.8 ., E b e rh a rd ,M. L., f' latsonet al.: Diagnosticexer cize. L ab.
Anim. Sci. 342 6O2-6O7,1984.
L e e , K . J., L a n g , C . M., H ughs,H. C. et a1.: Psor er gaticmange( Acari :
Psp4lgqliQqq) of the str-rmptailmacaque(Macacaarctoides). Lab. Anim. Sci. 31:
77="t9'-96tr-
(Cercocebustorquates
Sheldon, l{. G.: Psorergatic mangein the sooty mangabey
atvs) monkey. Lab. Anim. Care 16z 276-279, !966.
DAVIDL. FRTTZ,V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Vetetinary PathologY
Results
AFIP llednesdaySlide Conference- No. 15
2f January 1985
Ge o rg eA . Par ker , D.V.M.
Diplomate, ACVP
Veterinary Pathology Consultant
11101StreamviewCourt
Great Fal1s, VA 22066
Conference lvloderator:
Case I - N84-0210(AFIP L944522) (1 kodachromeslide).
majority of the rats in
arrlval quarantine began exhibiting photophobia, exophthalmos,and
chromodacryorrhea. The rats had been in quarantine for 9 days whenclinical signs
began. Rats sacrificed from the samelot 9 days earlier for quality control
monitoring were clinically, grossly, and histologically normal.
Gross Pathology. There was unilateral, focally-extensive, reddish-gray
diScffimaaffectingone.ha].ftotwo-thirdsoftheharderiinglands.
laloqqtSrry Results.
Affected anj.mals had positive
titers
for
(SDAV),while serum samplesfrom normal quality control
sialo@s
animals taken earlier from the samelot were negative.
Cqqtributorts Diagnos_is& Comment. DacryoadeniLis, necrotizing and suppurative
w i t n y e x t 6 n s i v e , u n i 1 a t e r a 1 , t t a i d e r i a n g 1 a n d ,
Sprague-Dawleyrat.
Dacryoadenitis caused by sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV)was diagnosedbased
on typical clinical signs and gross and histological lesions. Confirmation of SDAV
was madeby identification of anti-SDAVantibodies by the ELISA test.
Retrospective ELISA tests on serun from animals sacrificed on amival for quality
control monitoring were negative for SDAV. l{e were unable to positively identify
where the affected rats contacted SDAV. Neither our facility nor the vendor have a
recent history of SDAVoutbreaks.
Both the Harderian and extraorbital lacrimal glands from affected animals
exhibited lesions. Examinedsalivary glands were free of disease.
AFIP
9r
Dacryoadenitis, necrotizing, subacute, diffuse, moderate, with
, unilateral,
Harderj.an gland, Sprague-Dawley rat,
rodent, etiology--compatible with siaLodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV).
Conference Note.
The kodachromeslide in this ease illustrates
the cervical
swelffis,andehromodacryorrhea(a1thoughmi1d)whichare
characteristic of but not pathognomonicfor sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV)
infection of rodents. Chromodacryorrhea,
or red tears, can be causedby any form
The
of stress.
unilateral distribution of the histologic lesions is, in the
moderatorts experience, a common
finding in cases of SDAVinfection, as is the
history of onset of clinical signs one weekto 10 days after arrival to
quarantine. The differential diagnosis included cytomegalovirus and papovavirus
which were not seen
(polyomavirus), both of which produce intranuclear inclusions
from orbital
:11..11:9^:ttult
in this case. Dacryoadenitis oi-ln" Harderian gitlo venous
for
obtaining
plexus
bleeding as a result of venapunct"i" of the orbital
a
subacute
is
In someslides there
blood samples (McGee,Maronpotr-It7il.
gland'
salivary
of
siiioaoenitis in a section
to mousehepatitis yi.rus
sDAVis a coronavirus which is antigenically related
to SDAVare
(l,,ll-lv),rat coronavirus, and human-cJronivirusOClg' Serological titers
interstitial
presently indistinguishable from those to rat coronavirus which causes
pnzumonitis in adult rats.
Pathology Branch (VSP)'
Contributor. Veterinary Sciences Division, Comparative
Medicinb, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235.
scrro6ffiFace
Suooestedreading.
f f i Y , R . 0 . a n d J o n a s , A . M . : R e s p i r a t o r y i n f e c t i oInfect.
n i n m i c&eImmunol.18(3):
with sialodacryoadenitis virus, a coronavirus of rats.
82t-827, L977.
subclinical ep i z ooti c
E i s e n b r a n d t,D . L ., H u b b a rd ,G. B. and Schmidt,R.- _E.:_Â
1982'
655'659,
322
Sci.
Anim.
Lab.
rats.of siaLodacryoailenitis'in
P
a
t
h
o
g
e
n
e
s iosf
A
.
J
o
n
a
s
,
N
.
P
.
a
n
d
B
h
a
t
t
,
J a c o b y ,n . 0 . ,
|4.:
196'209,
L2z
Path.
Vet.
rats.
gn6toniotic
in
,L975'..
si.afoOicry6Oenitii
(a
J o n a s , A . M., C ra f[, J. a n d B l ack, C: L..: - Sia]odacr yoadenitisin the r at
jnO'
electr6n micr6scopic study). Rrcn..Path. 882 613-622, +919'
figniMccee,M. A. and Maronpot,R. R.: Harderian glalq-dac,ryoadenitisin rats
resutting'from orbitat nf#Oing. Lab. Anim. Sci. 29(5): 639-64L' 1979.of str ain
p e r c i , D . H ., H a n n a ,P . E .] P atur zo, F. et a1.: Compar ison
suscepti6ifity t6 experimental'sialodaciyoadenitis in rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. f4:
25*260, 1984.
Snith, A. L.: An immunoflfuorescencetest for detection of serum antibody to
rodent coionaviruses. Lab. Anim. Sci. i7z 157-160,I98t.
Case II - 8tP-227 (AFIP Le465V8).
r-old female thoroughbred, equine, wh5.ch
turbed equilibrium with poor coordination and was unable to sustain
weigfrt on left front reg.
Gross Pathology. Soft tissue edema,fluid exudation and mild hyperemia were
founffiundingtheleftmetacarpa11igamentsapproximated5cmdista1
A large (11x5x4 cm), off-white nodule was found in the right apical lobe
to joint.
of the lung.
LaboratorY ResuLts.
ffi5+
tmo o er aEe/.
were isolated.
eacterioffi-iathogens
negative.
AGID EIA:
Contributorrs Diaqnosis & Comment. Granular cel1 tumor (granular cell
ughbred, equine.
myob
This interesting tumor occuii in a variety of speci.esat manyanatomical
locations.
AFrP Diagnosis.
Granular ce1I tumor, lung, thoroughbred, equi.ne.
Notg. Parlicipants were in agreement with a diagnosis of granular
- . Conference
cerr tunor (formerly-granular cell myoblastoma), and all listed oncocytomi as
a
differential
diagnosis.
Two different celL types are noted; the moxe nLrnerous
polvhedralcelrs with eosinopnilics""nuri"'cvtopriil ag;ilI;"
::++:.,"""^1iI9?
ceus).
cytopl3sm+cgranules stain variably
with PASand are diastase iesistant.
The secondpopulation-is smaller and more-siinole-shaped; these cel1s fie iJjacent
to vessels. They were thought to be angulate body cells and were shown
to contain
tiFl"
to rultiple PAS-posifive, diastaie resiitant in[racviofiasmic globufJi
whichr,according to the moderator, correspond to the angulit"-oooi"s seen
ultrastructurally.
the theory that the cell of origin of granular
.^ a
-EIi9:l::_supqo$ing
precursor of the Schwanncell- is: 1) frequent cloie anat6mical cetl tunors
rs
relationship
of granular cell tumors to peripheral nerve, Z) presenceof substancessimilar
to
degradation products of.myelin in granular ieti trrot., rj presence of high
concentrations of gangliosides and cerebrosides in granular'cell tumors,
ind a) the
histologic similarity-between granular ce1ls and Schwanncells near
axons
undergoingwallerian degeneration (parker, Novilla, Brownet al.
, r97g).
It has been-suggestedthat the intracranial granular cell tumors seen
in aging
rats may arise from Schwannce1ls (or a common
piogenitor celli-oi-;.;ii'
perivascular nerves_in the leptomeningesand centril nervous
-ystem (Hollander,
Elurek, Boormanet aL. , 1976). The deilonstrition of sr00 proteii]-;,];;:iIiiri"
enolase, and two peripheraL nerve-myeli! prot-ins in rat granular cerl turnors,
is
cited-by Sanford, Hoover, and Millei (198[) and provioes Furtnir evidence
for
a
neural origin of granulai cell tumors.
Contributor. AnimaLHealth Laboratory,
Departmentof Agriculture,
a901TEffiE-R6?d, College parx, Maryland' _Maryland
20740.
Suggestedreadino.
ffi,J.M.andStrandberg,J.:Granu1arce1].variantsinarat
schwannqna. Vet. Path. 15: 725-73L,
1979.
-Boorman,
Hollander, C. F., Burek, J. 0.,
G. A. et aI.: Granular cell tumors of
the central nervous system of rats. Arch. Path. Lab. Med. 100: 445-447, Ig7:a:,
f 3 r k e t r 9 . A ., N o vi l l a , M. N ., Br own,A. c. et al.: Gr anur arcell tum or
(myobrastoma)
in the lung of a horse. J. comp. path. g9z 42I-4to, Ig7g.
,
l?"kgr, 9. .A., Bothdt W., Van Cellen, A. et a1.: Cerebral grinular ce1l tumor
(myoblastoma)
in a dog: Case report and literature review. Cornell Vet. 68:
506-520, L978.
safod, S. E...,Hoove!, D. M., Miller, R. B.: primary cardiac granular cell
.
tumor in a dog. Vet. Path. 2L: 489-494, 1994.
G. C. Gal1ima,
A. M. et al.: Caninegranularcell tumor
. IYtkr M.l.M1 Johnson,
(myoblastoma):
A report of four casesandreviewof the llteratuie. J. Sm.Anim.
Pract. 242 677-645, L98t.
Turk, M.A.M. and Breeze, R. G.: Histochemicaland ultrastructural features of
pulmonarygranular cell turnor (myoblastoma). J. Comp.Path. 9I:A7I-IEI,
geuine
?!
1981.
CaseIII
mas
leg.
slides).
- D8t-513 (AFIP L948t27) (2 kodachrome
treated for toxic
Sf,e1n cow
rom an
of the left front
no
use
with
stargazing,
next
daY,
the
was
down
s.
She was eating normally. There was no irnorovementover a 5-day period.
Gross Patholoqy. Cervical nerves were firm, 4-5 cm in diarneter. Brachial
p1exffi.c8hasan8cmdiameterfirmmassintheaxi11a.The
cervico-thoracic ganglia are 6x5x8 cm diameter, firm and white. Intereostal nerves
are thj.ckenedwith multiple ?-3 cn nodules. The vagus is 4 cm diameter and
epicardial nerves are prominent. Celiac ganglion is 15 cm diameter.
Laboratorv Results.
CSFwas normal.
(bovine neurofibroContributorfs D
sis & Comment. Multiple schwannomas
matosis), etj.oLogy--unknown.
In this section of brachial plexus, multiple nerves are greatly enlarged due to
In
replacerent by nodules and interlacing bundles of neoplastic spindle cells.
most areas, the cells are densely packed wi.th scanty extracellular material and are
similar to Antoni type A tissue. fr0ni.onbulb-likerr structures are prominent in
Iess affected nerve fascicles.
M.rltiple schwannomas
are refatively common
benign tumors of cattle.
The sites
most frequently involved are the brachial plexus, intercostal nerves, and
syrnpatheticnervous system, although other sites, including skin, have been
described. The rnost likely cell of origin is considered to be the Schwanncell,
however, the perineurialtosis (von Recklinghausentsdisease) of man.
_ AFIP Diagnosis. Peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm,mu1tiple, brachial plexus
(per contributor), Holstein, bovine; condition--compatible with bovine
neurofibromatosis.
ConferenceNote. Tissue sections contain nerve fascicles which ensheath
[email protected]
composedof spindle cells amanged in someinterlacing bundles, but otherwise in a
randomarray. |'lore loosely-arranEed myxomatous
areas with plurnpround neoplastic
cells are seen in somesections. Participants felt the largest turnor is
poorly-differentiated,
in contrast to surrounding smaller tumors which are also
solid cellular massesbut in which spindle ceI1s form Verocay bodies and storiform
patterns which ate suggestive of a well-differentiated
tumor of neural origin.
SFcial stains reveal Little collagen, little
ground substance, and
intercellular
few lf any nerve fibers wlthin the tumor masses. Particlpants were tfrerefor6 in
agreementwith the contributorrs diagnosis of multiple schwannomas.
Bovine neurofibromatosis has been corpared to von Recklinghausenfs disease in
man. The latter, however, is a genetically-transmitted phakomatosisand involves
numerousorgan systems, as opposedto only peri.phereal nerves in the bovine.
|}tnguO.many_simllarities do exist betwein bovine and humanneurofibromatosis, the
bicolor damselfish has been tecently proposed as a more useful animal rnodel
(Schmale,Hensley, Udey, 1983).
The diffuse invoLvementof peripheral nerves in bovine neurofibromatosis has
suggestedan infectious etiology. The finding of virus-Iike particles in
nJ5fiiastic cells of bovine nerv6 sheath tumori has been reported (Canfield,
Doughty, 1980).
Contributor.
14850-
Departmentof Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork
Srooested readinq.
ffightmicroscopicstudyofbovineperiphera1nervesheath
tumors. Vet. Path. 15: 283-29I, 1978.
Canfield, P.: The ultrastructure of bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
Vet. Path. 15: 292-3OO,1978.
Canfield, P. J. and Doughty,F. R.: A study of virus-like particles present in
bovine netve sheath tumours. Austr. Vet. J. 562 257-261' 1980.
M i t c h a m ,S. A ., K a sa ri , T . R ., Par ent, J. M . et aI.: Intr acr anial schwannom a
in a cow. Can. Vet. J. ?.5: 118-141, L984.
of cattle. Am. J. Vet.
schwannomas
Monlux, A. W. and Davis,' C. L.: Multiple
'
Res. 14: 4g9-5O9,L95V.
S c h m a l e M.
, C ., H e n sl e y,G., Udey,L. R.: Neur ofibr omatosis,von
malignant schwannomas.Amer. J.
Recklinghausent.sdisease, multiple schwannomas,
Path. LL2(2)z 238-24I, 1983.
Case IV - 8t-1810-6 (AFIP I9L36I6)
nnecropsyingacastratedma1equarterhorse(18
montfr3-oTti)-suffering ftom nonregenerative anemia.
Gross Pathglogy. l{.rltiple 1-3 nrmulcers on the tongue and gumsadjacent to
teetfr.-
Corttributorfs Diagnosis & Comment. Glossitis, pyogranulomatous,ulcerative
Diptera (myiasis). Gasterophilus
with larval star
intestinalis inFection.
larvae had a chitinous exoskeleton with spines, striated somatic
-ne-mfrating
musculature, OoOicavity, digestive system and trachea. The burrowing parasite in
the tongue is prbOaOly Gisteiophilus intestinalis which invades the tongue and
gums. G. nasalis invades only the gums.
-AFIP Diaonosis.
Glossitis,
parasites,
suom@
with Gastrophilus sp.
ulcerative, sr-bacute, diffuse, moderater with
tongue, quarterhorse, equine, eti.ology-cornpatible
contain l-l larvae within the
Note. Mostsectionsexamined
Conference
[email protected]
pirticip"nti
feft-that the hostrs inflammatbry tesponse was out of proportion to
the num'berof larvae ptesent and speculated that there was another underlying
disease in progress. The mucosacontains occasional pustules, possibly migration
tracts, and also someplant material.
Although large numbers of mature larvae may be found in the stomach of the
horse, perforating ulcers or other gastric disorders which result from attached
larvae are uncdnnon. Esophagitis and laryngitis
caused by irilrnature migrating
larvae are sometimes seen, and the latter may be one cause of choke in the horse.
The different species of Gastrophilus are most easily identified by examination
of the t h i r d s t a g e ] a r v a e . G @ i s b y f a r t h e m o s t c o m m o n i n t h e U . S . ,
and G . hemorrhoidalis is thoG'hFE6-TEEfr.iteo to the Pacific northwest.
Contrilrutor._ Departmentof Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas
StatE-iiifire
Ef, Manhattan, Kansas ee5o6.
Suqoestedreadino.
-ffiBio1ogyofAnima1Parasites.W.B.SaundersCo.,
Philade1phia, 1964, pp 516-619.
R. A.1 McAllister, E. s., pratt, p. w. (Eds.): Equine Medicine and
_ lvlansnann,
lrd
Ed., Vol. 1, AmericanVeterinary Publications, Santa Barbara, CA,
lyry""y.
1982, p T5-75.
Shefstad' D. K.: ScanningelecLron microscopyof Gastrophilus intestinalis
lesionsoftheequinestomach.J.Am.Vet.Med.nssoc
Soulsby, E.J.L.: Helminths, Arthropodsand Protozoa of DomesticiteoAnimals.
7th Ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, L.982,pp 400-404.
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
6
{bi"rddhl'!'
:.kE*y
ADDEMUI.I:
AFIP WednesdavSlide Csn. -.-:e le84-1982
Conferencet€z CaseIl
Contrib. llST-q
MrP tf|9465t8
Diagnosis: Granular cell tumot, lungt horse'
nu:Thecytoplasmofthecentrally-locatedgranularcellis
an
filled with nunerous pleomorphic lysosomal granules with
granular ol
and a variably membranous,
outer limiting membrane
is
vescicular particulate central substructure. A basal lamina
not evident (possibly due to poor fixation) '
The other cell
surroundedby collagen is probably a fibroblast.
(x16r218).
1w\'',^'&\'w
'- cr'*\
l"
b
@ p
Results
Conference- No- L7
Slide
AFIP f'/ednesday
3A Januarv 1985
Case I - 8t-78I-I4
ortoifif.The
ffirry
Richard J. Montali, DVM
Diplomate, ACVP
H;;-, Pathology Department
National Zoological Park
Washington, DC 20008
(AFIP 1949058) (1 kodachromeslide)'
ii boa (Boa constqicior
the summerand
over
anemia
snake went off feed and developed
died.
Gross Patholo
mucosawas noted.
There was polypoid thickening and reddening of the gastric
Contributoqls Diagnosis. Stomach,gastritis,
hyperplastic/hypertrophic.
crypTo:@EiGTs.
subacute, diffuse, moderate, with
AFIP Diagnosis. Gastritis, proliferative,
protozoa, stomach, red-tail
boa, Boa constrictor ortonii,
supeiffilillffif
reptile; etiology--compatible with Cryptosporidia sp.
ConfereraeNote. The normal anatomyof the snake stomachwas briefly
oiscffiefundicportionofthestomach,fundicg1andsalecdnposedof
a uniform population sinEle eosinophilic granular cells. Thesecells elaborate
both F€L and pepsinogenptecursors, and therefore, perform the tasks of both
parietaL and chief cells of the mammalian
stomach. The snake stomachdoes not have
portion.
hyperplasia of both mucousneck cells
In
there
is
a squamous
this case,
and the surface epithelium, wiLh a reduction in fundic glands. Special stains show
that theicryptosporidia are involved with mucousneck cells and the
non-diff
iated surface epithelium. The organismsare best demonstratedwith a
modifiedlacid-fast
stain when recovered from fecal flotation
or feces with
Sheotherfs sugar solution or from smearsof affected gastric mucosaas depicted in
the
slide. The organismsare not acid-fast positive in tissue sections
with
onal acid-fast stains.
studies indicate that two types of cryptosporidia oocysts are formed: a
oocyst which is passed out in the feces of the host, and a thin-walled
latter is thought to sporulate endogenously and reinfect the host. It
is easy o see how a few infecting organisms can lead to overwhelming infections
thiek
cyst.
especial y in the inrnunosuppressed
host. Theoccurrenceof cryptosporidiosisas a
ehronic
usually fatal disease in the snake, characterized by post-prandial
vomiting but Lack of diarrhea, suggests to Dr. Montali that the affected snakes may
be
ressed. The isolation of a retrovirus from boas with
crypt
sis and other secondaryinfections, would add further support that
ive viruses mayunderlie manyof these opportunistic infections.
idia develop within the unit membrane
of the host which forms a
parasitophorous vacuolel but since a limiting plate divides the cyst from the celI,
the parasite is not truly intracellular.
Recent transmission stuiies support only
likely that the forms in
me species of crypto?poridiS in mammarsl!91:u:t, i!.is
There is currently no
ophidians and avffirrs are probably more.species-specific'
evidence of a cycle between rodents and snal<es'
l4ashington' DC
Contributor. Pathology Department, National Zoological Park,
20008.
Suooested readinq.
BrownStein'J.D.,Strandberg,.J.D.,Monta1i,R.J.-9t-3!.'.*@
Vet. Path . L4z 606-617, L977'
gastiitis.
- k i r k p a with
t r i c k , hypertiophic
'b.
in snakes
f . , a n d F a r r e l l , J . P . : C r y p t o s p o r i d i o s i s ' T h e C o m p e n d i uomn
Continuing Educition /t9, 6(3)z I54-L62, March L984'
Navini T. R. and Juranek, D. D.: Cryptosporidiosis: Clinical, epidemiologic,
and parasitotogic review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 6(7)z 313-327' 1984.
Fearson, gl n., and Logan, E. F.: Scanning and transmission electron
microscopic observitions on tne host-parasite relationship in intestinal
of neonatal ealves. Res. Vet. Sci. 74: I49-L54, I98''
- "Tzipori-,
cryptospbridiosis
S.r Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans. Microbiol. Rev. 47(I)z
8b96, 1983.
glXPtg:Pgridium: Evidencefor
T z i p o r i , S . , A n g u s , K . W . , C a m p b e l l ,f . q ! . a I : i
1980.
884-886,
tO(3):
&
Immun.
genus.
Infect.
a single-spiciei
slide 'camel
Case II - 8t-779-f2 (AFIP 1949062 (1 kodachrome
(Camelusbactrianus).
ctrian
region and a persffilETx-oc@is
The
a granular woundin
or suppoxtivetreatment
antibiotic
for about 4 months. There was no
and the animal was euthanatized.
Gross Patholggg Grossly, white, firm nodules were disseminatedthroughout
and parenchymalorgans.
inteffi
bovis was cultured from lungr' thoracic lymph
Laboratory Resu1ts. Mycobacterium
and verified by guinea pig
node@rffipfr-'iiGi6s-Eilvstinoculati.on.
Contributorrs D
& Comment. Lung, pneumonia, necrogranulomatous. Lung,
AFB were never
smears of affected organs in multiple
histologic sections of varj.ous affected organs stained with Ziehl-Nee1sen,
Fite-Faraco and Auramine-o-Rodamine.
AFIP Diagnosis. Pyogranulomas, muLtifocal and coalesci.ng, severe, lung,
Bactrian cameI, Camelus bactrianus, Camelidae.
ConferenceNote. Participants noted similarities betweenthe pyogranulomas
seenffithosetypica1ofcaseous1ymphadenitisofsh'e6plinc1uding
the prominent lamination of the central basophilic, caseousdebris. Although these
areas of caseousnecrosis are surroundedby macrophages,lymphocytes,granulocytes
and fibrous connective tissue, only rarely are giant cells seen. Theselesions are
identical to those described by Elmossalami,Sj-am,and El Surgany(197f) in their
study of M. bovis-induced lesions seen i_n camels at slaughter.
of the adaptability of that
The severity of lesions in the host is a reflection
the greater,the hypersensitivity of
mycobacteriatspecies to that hosi. Usually, reac[ion
and necrosis witl be to the
the host to the organism, the mole severe the re"ciion). camels, like guinea pigs'
i".q. Koch's
presenceor even-a-i"un-oi,g"nisms
in contrast to birds in which early in the
mycoba"i"ii"
to
are extremely sensitive
containing myriads of
macrophages
disease, the fesions often cbnsist of numerous
of camels to
hypersensitivity
acid-fast bacilli with minimal reaction- The
positive reactions
false
many
telting;
mycobacteriais irio ierrected in tubercurin
atypical
to
animafs
of
.these
axe seen, probably as a result oi "*poiut"
such'as M. avium scrofulaceumand kansasii'
mycoOact6ria
of freezing tissue at
The moderatorused this case to emphasizethe importance
M' bqvis from lung and
necropsy. A diagnosis was ultimately baseduponcult'Ilng
onry one
rymphnodes, wheieas in all or tne-ipeciar stained sections-?xEiih-sd
equivocal mycobacteriumwas seen.
an ..
InterestingfY, camelsalso appearto be very sensitive to isoniazid,
and other
antitubercular Oiug commonlyused for treatment or prophylaxis in humans
sevexe
appearsto affect the bone marrowin camelscausing
mammals.fsoniiiii
granulocyto- and thrombocytopenia.
The moderatornoted that the tissue in this case could be identified as
originating from a camelid due to the elipti-caI shapeof the red blood celIs.
Contributor. PathologyDepartment,National Zoological Park, Washington,D.C.
20008.
guggestedre?diLg.
of pulmonarytuberculosis in manand animals:
Dafifien$erg,A. Jx.: Hacnogenesis
protection of-personnel against tuberculosis. In MycobacLerlalInfections of Zoo
Instifr tion Pr ess, W ash.,0.C., 1978, pp
A n i m a l s . . E d .,'R . J. I'l o n tl l i , S m ithsonian
65-74.
Elmossalami,E., Siam, M. A. and El Sergany,M.: S!u!:,gson tuberculous-like
lesions in slaulhteied camels. ZbI. Vet. Med. B 182 253-26I,.I97I.
Kennedy,S,, and Bush, M.! Evaluation of tuberculin testing and lymphgcyle
transformation in Bactrian camels. Mycobact.Infecl, Zoo Anim., 139-142,1978.
9 T9 11ti 9ns
M a n n ,P. C ., B u sh , M., Ja n ssen,D. L. et al.: Clinicopatholog+ 9or
1121'1129,
Assoc.
L79(11):
Vet.
Med.
Am.
of tuberiulosis'in laige 2oo mammais.J.
1981.
T h o r n s, C . J., Mo rri s, J. A . and Little, T.W .A.: A spectr umof imm une
responsesand pathological conditions betweencertain animal species to
experimental Mycobactiriumbovis infection. Br. J. Exp. Path. 6f: 562'572, L982.
Case III
- U. of S. Vet. Path. N84-3445(1947498).
platyrhynchos) was inoculated IM
ofd6iilfife buffered saline
0.5
ml
suspenffi'fnjhwitn
1:10
FGt-natcning
plus antibiotics of liver tissue from wild adult female mallard found dead. At 4
days post-inoculation the bird was severely depressed, eyes pasted shut, head tilt,
frequent trchewingrr.
GrossPatho}ogy.Thebirdwasmoderatelydehydralgd:.-!if:*''palewith
n U m e f f i o r r h a g e s o n - i n " - ' u i i " . u , a n d i n t was
h e p empty
a r e n cof
hym
a . S p } e with
e n w adiffuse
s
ingesta,
'ofdark. rnteliine
of
4 mmdiameter and very
bursa
to
oiening
abou'tthe-:mi');
'
mm)
hemorrhagein mucosa cloaca .nO-nE""osis
3
(5ursa
5
x
ica'
Fabricius. Thymiclobules nur" "Itl"t"i'-tt"ff
Focal hepatic necrosis with prominent
Contributor,s Diaglqgi!@mment-
(ducx
int"ffiffi-iTl:'::?n?l3i"i;,.0 duckwere
hishrv:,gs:'!ly:,ol-d,"kprasue
necrosis and
viral enteritis): focal hepatic-n".iotit, sup6rficial-mucosal
bands'
r'esioni over intestinal rymphoid
(Anatid
esophagusand croaca, hemorrnagil-necrotic
is that of duck plague
A virus has been isolated, but ""t V"i coniirmed
herpes virus).
AFlpDiaqnosis.Necrosis,multifocal,mildtomoderate,withbasophilic
#
intranuclear
rnffiion
conference Note,
bodies, Pekin duck, avian'
Three basic changes are present in these sections'
and
f f i . , nfocal
" p " i ont" " r r u r i ' " v a c u o 1 a r c h a n g e , a n d . p a p i 1 1 a rhepatocytes
y b i 1 e d u c t and probably
include
rirost
hyperplasia. Clear cytoplasmic vacuoles are notea iiweekof age which are stil}
in birds less than I
represent fipiO-nort"iiy-i""n
is-Severe in association
absorbingyolk. Hepatocellular vicuotar change,hon"u"t,
with the necrotic foci.
present in,bile.ducts are
There was discussion as to whetherchanges
parlicibants
noted inclusion bodies in
artifactual, or a resuLt of the virus.
thought Lhe piling Y? of
therefore
and
several of the Oifiiry-epithelial-""ift,
iadicals are indicative
cells and papilliferoiis fronds noted in'some of the rarger
pointed
out that the
Montali
Doctor
change.
of viral-associaieJ-nyp"rpiastic
aflatoxin
biliary epitherium of'bucktings-is veiv sensitive to insurt, and that
€.g. r tan producehyperplasia within 24 hours'
virus. which
Duck viraL enteriLis (DVEor duck plague) is eausedby a herpesperacute
a
in
Grossly,
affects only nnie"iio"*er'(ducks, geesband swans).
Lhe penis is
infection, nemorin"g"i"or'aff oiiFices maybe seen, and prolapse of parenchymatous
present_in
all
bi
may
corffnon. Disseminat6dnecrosis and hemorrhige
In tne-morefuffy developeddisease, raised green plaques-(enanthematous
&d;a.
ieiionsl anO fympnoid neciosis in the digestive tract are also typical.
Participants discussedother herpetic diseasesof birds.
Contributor. Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, WesternCollege of Veterinary
ueoiffiffisityofSaskatchewan,SaskatoonS7N0|v).
Suooestedreadlnq.
ffiYui11,T.M.:Vertica]transmissionofduckp1aguevirus
(DpV)
Oi apiarently healthy DPVcarrier waterfowl. Avian Dis. 25(4):795-800' 198I'
Chapt?4, in Diseasesof
Leifiovilz, L.:- Duckpiague (duck virus enteritis).
p o u l t r y , 7 th E d ., H o fsta d ',l " t.S .et al. ( eds) , Iowa State Univer sity Pr ess, Am es ,
L978, pp 62I-632.
M o n t a l j - , R . J . , M i t c h e l 1 ,':.
. B . , _ a n 9 GMed'-Attot
r e , e n w e '1 lL69('9)z-954-958'
, G . A . : A n e p o r L976'
niticofduckvira
Am. Vet'
du
ck
enteritis j.n a zoological park.
of
An outbtr eak
R .0 ., ste i n r 9 .,- Nouiir ", ' r ' ,:N: et a1' : waterfowl' Avian Dis'
M o n t g ome ry,
iio"x oi mixeo
virus enteritis (duck plague) in'"'i"iiii!
t"t}i"3?1;it3:
or duckplasuein rhebursaor Fabricius,thvmus,
3??tparhosenesis
and spieen.' Am. J. Vet Rei. 372 427'43I, L976'
CaseIV - 83-102-1(AFrPl9rorl!
fssue
f i , mfrom
a 1 e ,ar ematu
dbirdofp.3rad,ise.-Îhi:-P::d.:::.th"
S
;il:;;;.;,;-;;""ii"s-ii
cap!lYlll'
!1:^!:Y?1.1"'l-!"L:,v:*:
-Hiil;-e911i1i?L
;i;'j"i"":*;=;Hi ilffi"*-r;;-ffi
^?1il::**'.:::.:::: :?*"0
li";iil;'H; ;;;;';;;"i;:b"ottiy, ;;::!i:31:o,il!^:1ll:::h,,::
ffii
::'::T:::":'
the only lesion noted was an enlarged deep
died]
he revert"J
first,
puul
uul
lLJr L-LIJI I
ql
brownliver
"nb
brown liver'
Gross PathoLogy. The only lesion noted was an enlarged deep
Contributor's
Diagnos-ee!r lernrnent. 1) Hemosiderosis, chronic'
severe, etiology
e, secondarYto {}'
unkn
finding in manyfamilies of
is a common
liveis
of
Iron cont"ining-pifimeniation
birds. often tne pisrTrEnijiionis-accompaniedwith Liver !i9ea1e;,^Mt-9i::::"",
in birds of paradise. Griner (1983) reports 32
appears to be particularly common
;F-40 birds of paradise niO brown pigment, presumedto be lipofuscinr in theof the
report on hemosiderosis
Assink and Frankenhuissen! I comprehensive
liver.
liver in birds of-paradlse to all zoos housing these species. They point out that
most commercialdiets have iron contents too hign for these species. The Houston
Zoo had eliminated alL foods with excessively high iron prior to this birdrs
death. A11 birds of paradise receiving necropsies have shownthis lesion. Most
have been associated with severe liver disease. Analysis of available diet
by
constituents has shownreaching low dietary levels of iron recommended
Frankenhuis impossible.
This bird had been treated with j.ron chelating agents for over a year. At
first the response was dramatic but eventually he died. His daughter, the onlyOirO of paradise born in captivity, is now two years o1d and is slow1y dying- -She
has been treated for over a year. Mynah birds are also susceptible and are being
used at the Houston Zoo to dlvelop an implant for slow release of Lhe chelating
agents. Hopefully, with more consLant blood levels, the treatment will be more
successful over the long term.
AFIP Diagnoses. I) Hepatitis, chronic, diffuse, mild, with diffuse
intrffipatocytesandKupfferce]-]-s)granu1arpigment,I9dbird-of
diffuse, Kupffer cells,
paradile, avian. 2) Acid fast bacilli, intracellular,
liver.
Conference Note. Participants noled the brown granular pigment is present
primffitocytesa1thoughsomeisseenwithinKupfferce11s.Specia1
The lesions are cornpatible with conditions of
stains confirm the pigment as iron.
excessive iron storage which are commonlyseen in birds of paradise, mynahbirds,
In a study of thi-s condition in mynahbirds, Gosselin and Kramer
and quetzals.
hatching'
(]9g3) report that stainable iron is delectable as early as l0 days-after
peggneration
hydronig
and that the earliest lesions ooieived (1 month of age) were
They have concluded that this
of hepatocytes with mitd periporial fibrosis.
condition is not diet=induced. In African Bantu natives, lesions typical of
diet-induced iron overload are characterized by iron deposits within
reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, spleen and bone marrow. In contrast, iron
OJpo"it" in affected exotic birds, and in humanswith idiopathic hemochromatosis,
are heaviest within hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is frequently seen in
birds and in humanswith high hepatocellular i.ron concentrations.
In humanswith idiopathic hemochromatosis,it has been suggested that defective
reticuloendothelial uptake of i.ron results in high saturation of circulating
transferrinl this, in turn, stimulates uptake of iron by parenchymalcellsr_
There is evidence that iron may then produce cellu1ar
especially hepatoiytes.
Oahageby- weakening lysosomal membranesso that acid hydrolases are released into
This iction on the membranesmay be the result of the formation of
the iyto|lasm.
free radicals which then produce lipid peroxidation (stanbury, it/yngaarden'
Fredrickson et a1., 1981).
Another finding in this case was numerousacid-fast bacilli in the macrophages
that also contained some of the iron pigment. These were confirmed with an
Auramine-o-Rhodominestain with fluorescent microscopy. The identity of the pink
material which surrounds vessels and radiates out between sinusoids,
fibrillar
could not be confirmed as being either collagen or amyloid with special stains.
l{hile some participants thought the material to be collagen, the moderator felt
that it was characteristic of amyloid which he commonlysees in bird livers
particularly
in view of the attendant mycobacteriosis.
Contributor.gox Zffiqffion,
University of Texas Medical School, ComparativeMedicine, P.0.
Texas 77025.
Suggestedreading.
Frye, F. L. t lion storage disease (hemosiderosis) in an African rock hyrax
(Procavia capensis). J. Zoo An. Med. 13: 152-156, 1982.
@.,andKramer,L.W.:Pathophysio1ogyofexcessiveironstorage
in mynahbirds.
J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181(11): I238-I24A, 1983.
Griner, L. A.: Pathology of Zoo Animals, Zoological Society of San Diego,
p9 262-264.
Lowenstine, L. J. and Petrak, M. L.: Iron pigment in the livers of birds. In
The ComparativePathology of Zoo Animals. Montali, R. J., and Migaki, G. (Eds.),
9nithsonian Institution Press, 1980, pp I27-L75.
R a n d e l l , M . G . , P a t n a i k , A . K . , a n d G o u l d , w . J . : H e p a t o p a t h ya s s o c i a t e d w i t h
excessive iron storage in mynahbirds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 179(11): ]:ZI/t-IZr7,
1981.
s t a n b u r yJ, . 8 . , w y n g a a r d eJn. 8
, . , F r e d r i c k s o nD, . s . e t a l . :
Basis of Inherited Disease, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Co., 1983.
T h eM e t a b o r i c
D A V r DL . F R T T Z ,V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Results
- No' 18
Slide Conference
AFIP Wednesday
/ FebruarY 1985
Johnson, LTC, VCt USA
ConferenceModerator: Anthonv J. AcvP
Diolomite,
Cnitf, PathologYDivision
uS Army Medica] R;;;;;;h rnstitute
Ft. Delrick, MD 2L7OL
of rnfectious Disease
t"'"-T=;=Ut"?'#$-5f!*?utF??*3ih
-EStor:v.- .i"?:[3i'o!iili]""c[;i;iheirer.r5outoriz F:tesL-T
=:l*::
nembtanes'
pale"11::,:
mucus
,iinr-or-anorexia,
gxcess
excess
discharse'
nasa]
i#^!"i:r3,";XiT"l!fi'l9its,-cougnins,-'nr.-pururent
7-10
for
ffifi
were-apparent
and palpably enlargei-;lp;;ii;iai'tympn' pdqs
wggks died ovgr
"--"*::;-:-=-,,^^^,rrr,'r
anr naca'l .ischarog.
salivation
old dog runs (dogsremoved3
daysprior to oeiin. calves *"i"-o;ing-riiseo'ii-r
and crushedoats'
monthsprior to ri") and being rec mill replacer
GrossPathology.Autopsieson]calvesshowedemaciationwithmobilizationof
body##;;1;;-i6"""'iii="orv*pn"o"noplt|Y:1y'phnodesen}arged
rn one
musctel-nere pare ano'nad a mottied appearance.
and oedematous, skeletar
were seen
petechial haemorrhages
calf there was pale streaking oF-tn"-my-ocaroium.
iuopf"u""ffy, suOendocardially and subcutaneously
had a nolmocytic nornochrcrnic
Laboratory ResuLts. clinically affected calves
as 14%.
anamrow
Glomerulonephritis '
Contributor r s Diagnoqis-g-gomment. Lymphadenitis'
SarcocYsto::s,'
i"
9i1f
by lymphoid hyperplasia in the cortex
ngde:
Lvmph
iytpnifuitis'cniracterized
by lymphocytesand plasma
and paracortex. ihJ-t"Ouffary coiOi """ OistehOe'Owith haemosiderinladen
o"O"titort and filleO
ce1ls. Medullary sinuses
parasite are pr€sent'
"""
macrophages. tmberate numbersoi-i"nitonts of a sporozoan
which-are
Kidnev: There are multiple foci of mononucleaicell aggregations
and between
+
cortex
the
in
sites
more promlnenEin perivascular'"nO-fi.ligiornerular
materiar
proteinaceous
contained
tubures in the renal medulra. s.r"-gl.ilruli
and necrosis'
undergoing.degeheration
ilere
otneis
while
within Bowman'sspace,
snall
tubuLes'
some
proteinaceous exudate and ceuurir debris is pieseit ii
numbersof schizonts are present, usually-located in.glomeruli'
pneumonitil with mild thickening of
Luno: A diffuse subacute inierstitiil
oedemaand mononucLearcerl
int"trobuLar septa due to interstitial
Sonearterioles and
into alveoli'
"ru"#"ni
M"rltifocat fraemorrhage
infiltration.
numberof schizonts wete
A
small
capillaries contained fibrinous-miciothrombi.
found in endothJfiji-ceUs of blood vessels throughout the.lyngt'
is in [eeping with naturally occurring
The gross pathology and hi;[;pitnoiogy
Sarcosystosis.
and expeiimentilly probuced bovine
AFIPDiaqnoses.})Protozoalschizonts,endothe]iaIcells,.Iung'}vmo|.lode'kidnffii;6.-ii-FnJ,'onitis,subacute,diffuse,mi1d,withmu}tifoca1
subacute, diffuse'
intra-alveolar fr"rno""n"g", fung.- 3l Nephritis, interstitial,
sp'
sarcocystis
with
tito, kidney; etiology-lcompatiole
that the
ConferenceNote. In the lymph node of this case, participants ngte!
the
of
meou@
Prominent and there is i-ncreasedcellularitY
lymph
paracort-ex. Al1, however, agreed that it reoresents a normal immunoreactive
node.
unlike
ruled out'
diagnosig, toxoplasmosis must be
In the differential
as
well
as
cells
Sarcocystis spp, ToxePlaffi readily.infeg!1-parenchvmal
necrotizing
more
ivpicarrv
of toxoptasmori.!'"t6
en?orffir- celis-ThEGions
in acute salcocystosis'diffuse
diseasEs.--;i;G;;i,
than mostother protozoal
disorders (DIC) and hemorrhagemay
endothelial damageresulting in-JJaguf"iion
the
Ultrastructurally'
result in widespiead necrosis re!!*6ii"g-t"xoplismosis'
the
of
in that those
ro*oiitt*.
9in Oe biii"i"ntiated
meronts of Sarcocystiq
vacuole;
by a parasitophorous
"nOthe rffi"fi-c'iopl-asm
Iatter are sepaFatEdfrom
host cell (0uney, speer'
the
of
those of the ro"r"i are within ine cytoprism
is rarely observedin cattle'
Epling, I9a2). Finally, acute ;;;di;;osis
provided someevidence involving
A recent study by Frelier and Lewis (1984) has profound anemiaseen in acute
Coombs-positiveihti'OoOies and-"otpi"t"ni, yiln the
of Sarcocystis of domestic
sarcocystosis. An excellent reviei-of tn" life cycle
animal! was written by Dubeyin L976'
contributor.
N.s.fr;Tffi
oranget
Agricultural Research& Veterinary centre, Forest Road,
2800.
Suooestedreading.
fBarrows,
f i s t w o oP.d , A . K . , A d a m s , D . D . e t a 1 . : D parasitol.
e v e l . o p m58(4)z
e n t 9 674-680,
!
L982'
in lrre pig. J.
1977
Erber,
suicanis
sarcocvstis
-------.-
-f sarcocystis of domestic animals'and of other
;;;i&
uuoey, ,. lfr
c o c c i d i a o f c a t i a n d d o g s . J . E m f f i d . A s s o c . 1 6 9 ( 1 ) : 1 0 5 1 - 1 0 7 8 , lnewborn
9 7 6 . c al v es
Epling, G. P.: Sar cocystosisin
D u b e y ,J . p ., S p e " rl C . A .,
C coy6tes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 4l(12):2147-2164,
reo Grc66vstis cruzj. ,po"o"y.is " nfrorn
- L982.
OuOey,J. p.: Clinical Sarcocystosisin calves fed Sarcocystis hirsuta
19.83_-- - - i i 6 f i e r , Vet. Path. 2o: 90-9,8,
'and
sporocyst3.
-p ,'; . ,-1 l " yn e *, L . G.
Pollock, R. : Bovine sar cocystosis:
pathologic ieaturel ;i'naturally
occurri-ng iniection with Sarcocystis cruzi.
z
6
5
L
-6
5
7,1979.
4
0
(5
)
Am- e r .J . V e t . R e s.
Hematologicand coaguLationabnormalities in
il.:
R.
Frelier, p. F. and Lewis,
'A m.
J. Vet. Res. 45( 1) : 40- 48r _l?84.
a c u t e b o v i n e sa rco cysto si s.
M c 0 a u s l an dI., F ., B a d ma nR, . T., Hidesr _S.et al.: M u1tiple appar glt
Sarcocyiiii ab6rtion in four bovine herds. Cornell Yet. 74: I47-I54, 1'9W.
Case II
- BGSM.Deot CornoMed 8120 (AFIP 1947389)-
irrel monkeY(Saimiri sciureus).
It died shortly
hypothermic.
and
dehydraLed
The ETiifr?ffi'as discovered weak,
thereafter.
Grosspathology. Both kidneys wereshrunken,firm and diffusely tan to pale
[email protected]
and the thorax containedapproximately15 ml of light yellow fluid.
LaboratorvResu1ts. Results of examinationof blood samplesdrawnimmediately
prioffiathareasfoI1ows:HCI.28%;sodium.I54meq/L;
potassium- 6.5 meq/L;TSP- 5.2 gm/d1;BUN- 155mg/dl; cleatinine - 2.1 mg/dI'
Contributor's Diagnosis& Comment.Glomerulonephritis,chronic, diffuset
interstitial fibrosis.
seve
findings in
common-neeropsy
RenalJ.esions,principally glomerularchanges,are changeshavebeenfound in
in our.
adurt squirrel monkeys
"Jiil:--;;"it-si;*l"uirt
:;".--L"iionr ippirentry, frogress in severity
months';i
Five
as
young
as
animals
and
tubular damage
secon-oary
with increasing age and in older .niilir. can leid ib and azotemiaare found in
death from renal iailure. Proteinuri-a,Oehydraiion
Althoughthe
affected animals and someanimalsmaydevelgpd; nephrotic.syndrome'
there is . iugg"lt1on of a familial predisposition to the
etiology is unknown
oevelo[inentof glomerulonephritis.
AFIP Diagnosis.
GlOmerulonephritis, membranoproliferative,
severe, witn secffi""V-ir6"fo-inlerstitial
r e v e - v t
chronic,
diffuset
lesions, kidney, squirrel monkey'
Saimiri sciureus, Primate.
Conference Note.
Virtually
all
glomeruli
in this
case are hypercellul.ar;
lh"
i . n " " f f i ( e n o o i n e r i i r u e r 6 u s m e s a n g i a 1 ) c a n n o t b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d . a t t h ein pink
Withfi most glomeruii, thereî.s an increase
ligha-;i;"oi"opi.-level.
'wire
thj-ckening are
Ioops" 6haracteristic of membranous
-ofiogeneousmaterial and
as
interpreted
are
changes
seen around the periphery of manycapillary loops,-the
of
areas
focal
glomeruli
contain
itOOitionllly, some
rerOrinoproUferitiv'e.
(caiping) rEminiscent of earry crescent formation.
nyperptasia
|"1i;aji-epitheriat
Crescents ate aggregat'e"of monocytesaid hyperplastic parietal epithelial ceLls
ald are the
which line Bowmaits-space,sometimescompreisingthe capillary-tyf!'
(nobbins,
Kumar'
-otran,
1984). Occasionalhallnrark of severe gtbmerutar damage
glomerular synechiations were aLso noted.
changeswere considered by participants to be a
Tubular and interstitial
consequenceof the glomerular lesions. The changesinclude focal tubuLar
Oilatation and epitFe1ial degeneration and atrophy. Manytubules contain an
amorphouseosinoirnilic material (proteinaceous). A considerable amountof
sometimestubular epithelial, mineralization is presentr aE
intelstitia1,
hemosiderin iigment is present in diffuse aggregates. Adventitial expansion and
thickening of iessel walls (similar to changesseen in hypertension) were also
noted.
The Departnent of Nephropathologyfound the glomerular changesto be consistent
with membranoproliferative glornerulonephritis, and are similar to changes^theysee
in systemic li.rpus and post-itreptococcal glomerulonephritis. They enphasize,.
however, that accurate assessrnentof glomerular lesions can only be madeon thin,
l-micron sections (not submitted in this case), ot on ultrastructural examination.
Renal lesions in squirreJ- monkeyssimilar to those seen in this case, were
reported by Stills and Bullock in 1981.
Gray School of
Contributor. Departmentof ComparativeMedicine, Bowman
27Lo3
.
North Carolina
r,rcdiiTiilfrifrffih-Salem,
g"rqoestedreadino.
-
ffiLehner,N.D.M.:Nephroticsyndromeincho1estero1-fed
squirrel monkeys(Saimiri sciureus). Fed. Proc. Vl: 652, 1972.
.Fe1dman,D:B.@.:Thenephroticsyndromeassociatedwith
glomerulonephritis in a rhesus monkey(Macacamlrlatta). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
155(7): 1249-L252, 1969.
R o b b i n s,S . L ., C o tra n , R . S ., and Kumar ,V.: PathologicBasis of Diseas e.
lrd E d . , W . B . S a u n d e rsC o ., 1 9 8 4, pp 1009- 1011.
Stills, H. F. Jr., and Bullock, B. C.: Rena1disease in squirrel monkeys
(Saimiri
6): 38-44, 198L.
-frm,mT- sciureus). Vet. Path. l8(Suppl
Evidence for sol-uble j.mmunecomplexesin the pathogenesis of the
glomerulonephritis of quartan malaria. The Lancet, 283-285, Feb 8, 1969.
'
CaseIII - N84-555(NIP 1947696)
This dog had
==.---iffiold
male Golden retriever.
Hr-storv. rr.ssue.,:Y,l'^:^'_:{=::;:i:_';:-:
He had
pre
;;;i"
ro
oresentation.
Dlior to
Uif"lerai epistaxis^5. months""inr
sufferecr ,nt"*iilEnt
prior
to
months
fq".?
been treated with sub-therapeutic-dor", of tetracycline. had lived in Sicily for l
presentation. The dog had been ;"i;;A in Floridt, Out
punchbiopsy and
years before onr"i.--E Oi"gnosis was renderedon i randomskin
bone maxrowaspirate. The owner elected euthanasia.
GrossPathology.Thebonemarrowwasabundant,thick'andveryred'Therewas
'iroffi'.''nI"'i-1ympnadenopathy.Noskin1esionSwereappreciated
grossly.
Total protein=I0.0 grams/dl with
LaboratorYResults. WY=24%1
with mature neutrophilia, Ehrlichia can].s
nype@16,700
titer=l:2 1560.
Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment.Dermatitis, superficial, granulomatous,
seve
The protozoii'oiEEfrfms-fi'ad'a distinet nucleus and kinetoplast and were thought
be
moit liXely Leishmaniadonovani. Although no skin lesions were noted
to
c1inical1y,organiffiinhistiocytesfromvariouspartsofthe
mites were considered to be incidental in this caser as
body. Octisional Demodex
The dog also had a
the inflarrnation wESaFcentered around hair follicles.
multifocal granulomatoushepatitis, splenitis, lymphadenitis, and pneunonia, with
organismsin each organ, as well as in bone marrow. No organismsconsistent with
Ehilichia canis were discovered. An antemortemdiagnosis was madein this case by
ffithef1ank,andbonemarrowaspirates.Skin1esionsand
hyperglobulinemia are important findings in diagnosing Leishmania. Phlebotomussp.
are one type of vector.
AFIP Diagnosis, Derrnatitis, granulomatous,multifocal Lo diffuse, rnild, with
protozoal amastigotes, skin, golden retriever, canine.
numeF6ffiElfill$iocytic
ConferenceNote. In Lhese HE€sections, kinetoplasts are difficult
to
v is u f f i a - h i s t i ocyti ca ma sti g o te sp er hapsduetodegr adativeeffects
of lysosomal enzymes. A Price-Giemsastain demonstratesthe presence of numerous
kinetoplasts.
The differential diagnosis included other protozoa with leishmaniaL
(amastigote) stages, namely Trypanosoma
cruzi. Although stages of the latter can
be seen within macrophages,@
are seen within somatic cells,
chiefly myocardial ceLIs. Morphologically the amastigotes of Leishmaniaand
Trypanosoma
are virtually indistinguishable to ail excepr unosEfffiTor
orcomparative experience.
Viscerai- leishmaniasis, as a chronic disease of man, is knownas kala-azar.
Various animaLbreeds axe knownto be reservoirs of humanviscetal leishmaniasis in
the Mediterranean,China,,and South America. In the moderatortsexperience, dogs
have been implicated in all forms of leishmaniasis, including the cutaneous,
visceral, and mueocutaneous
forms. Onefocus of endemiccanine leishmaniasis has
been reported in an 0klahomakennel where dogs had not traveled outside the United
States (Anderson,Buckner, Glenn et aI., I9g0).
L e i s h m a n i a S p p . h a v e a d i g e n e i c t i f e c y c l e d u r i n gof
w hthe.insect
i c h . l h u y a vector
s s u m eand
extrE-cEffir-fr'a'geuated forms in-tn" ari-mentaiv-i""ct
Iiver'
roims *itn'n *lttopntges of the spleen'
obrigate intraceii;il;;";iig"t.
and Sone marlow of the mammalianhost'
actin axe plesent in membranes
There are indications that tubulin and perhaps
these
of L. donovani.. tt is possible in"t-noit "'ntiooby,i: gi:::!ed-aoainst
elements in tne
1983)'
in host cell-s (Pateraki, Portocala, LaBrousseet al''
college of
Departmentof comparative & Experimental.Pathotogy,
contributor.
-.
32610'
Florida
FioiiOa, Gai-nesvi1le,
Veterinary Medi(in"l-[niu"iiity
"i
reading.
Suooested
ffickner,
Rr G., e]gll, B. L.: et ar':
Endemic canine
leishmaniasi3. Vet. Path. L7z 94-96' 1980'
Chaot 51, in Clinical
C h a p m a nl,r J . U . : r . , a n d H a n s o n , W ' - L , . : L e i s h m a n i a s i s '
Cat. w. B. SaunbeE Co., I98/r,
Microbiblogy anO Infectious Diseases of the Dog and
pp 764-770.
com plex
F l e m m i n g s,B . J., P a p p a s,M. 9 ., Keenan,C' M ' et a1' : Imm une
for
test
complement-fixation
in'a
use
foi
of'canihe iera
deconplementatj-on
L984'
55V-559'
fiU)z
diagnosis of visJeial leishmanlasis. Am. J. Trop'.M"9' Hy^g'
the
of
HilI, J. 0.: Resistanceto-cri"n"ou" leishmaniasis: A-quired ability
45(1) z L27-L3?'
host to kirr parasites at the siie oi infection. rnfect. & rmmun.
July 1984.
Cytotoxicity of human
Hoover, D. L., Berger, M:, oppenheim,M: l: et al':
alternate
serumfor Leishmania donovani am'aitigotei: Antibody facititation of
;'pi#;tffirring.-Infect.&Irrrnuno1.47(Dz247-252,L985.
in
Keenan,C. M:; fflnOri.Xt, D:, iigntner, L. et a1.: Visceral leisl'rmaniasis
pathology'
clinical
and
disease,
srrepneid;og. r.'rniicli6n, clinical
the German
Vet. Path. 2Iz 74-79r 1984.
--i r^:^q---i^^r^
Keenan,C. M., H6n-ricks,D., Lightner.,f. et aI.: VisceraLleishmaniasisin
tn.
- - eiitin'snepneid dog. ft. patnology. Vet. Path. ?It 80-85t.1984'.
t., eort6cala, R., u"e"6usse,H..et aJ.: Antiactin and antitubulin
il$aki,
1983'
antibodies in canine vi.sceral l6isnmaniasi!. rnfect. & rmrnrn.422 496-500'
Disease'
of
Robbins,S.-L., Cotran,R. S.' andKumarr-V.:PathologicBasis
Co., fniladelphia, 1984, 9p 37I-773'
trl. B. Sarnrders
LilI
Case IV - XMC2$29
SSUE
History.
. r * 9 9 V - t .
4
Res Labs (AFIP L948T5O).
' - - " '
-
-
- - -
e 50ra
ley rat that was given a single
at s-e *""k:^glj5:,
oral savaseoose-oi-zo*s of difiethylbenzint6racene
compound.
given an experimental lillil^1
was
then
ine rat
srq4
vsve
months, mamnatytumors dEveloped.
Gross pathology. At necropsy, multiple firm white nodules were present within
rungffielewere'muitiprumammary.masses.0thersimi1ar1ytreated
tumors without visceral l-esions.
ratf nad only mamrnary
Contributorts Diaqnosis & Comment. Mast ceIl tumor, vi-sceral'
poorly circumscrioed noduies conposedof
moderately large fiolygonat to stellat! cells. The cells had round to oval
6peh-fiied nuclei and abundantcytoplasm containing brigr-'tlY
miOiunr-.si2eO,
whenstained with toluidine
The granules were meta-chromatic
granules.
eosinophilic
blue. Mitotic figures were moderately numerous. Electron microscopy demonstrated
and contained finely
secretory granuleS that were boundedby thin membranes
granular matxices and occasionally, small, tight whirls. (The rodent mast cell
granule does not contain well-formed, membranous
scrolls that are often seen in
nonrodents.)
Cutaneousor intestinal mast cel-1 tumors were not observed. The mast cell
tumor was felt to be an incidental finding, not relaLed to treatment with either
DMBA
or the experi.mentalcompound.
0ther lesions included mononuclearinfiltrates
of peribronchial areas and
portal triads and a suppurative bronchiolitis associated with a pulmonartumor.
A|IP Diagngses. 1) Mast cell tumor, lung, Sprague-Dawley
rat, rodent. z)
uroncnopneumonia.r
pyogranulomatous,subacute to chronic,'t4ycopias;a
diffuse, severe, with
bronchieetatic abscesses, lung; etiology--suggestive of
puirotiii-infection.
Epithelial,hyperplasia is present in manyof the ectatic
*_^ 9P?!?rgnce-,Note.
oroncnloJ-esNumerousplasma celIs, someof which contain Rusie1l bodies, arpresent in the lung parenchymasurrounding the tumors.
Tumorcells in various areas of the tumor contain numerousgranules
with Luna mast cell_stain, but equivocally with Giemsa. The fact that which stain
these
granules are variably eosinophilic with H&Eis unusual for
mast
gr.nri"s.
cell
The
paucity of eosinophils in this tumor is unusual for most
mast
cell
tr-rfro;s;-;a
granular constituents include an eosinophil cnJmotactic
factor. nooitioniliy,
histamine has been shownto be chemotact:.ctor-eosinophils,
if only mildly.
Mast cell tumors, rare in rats, are more comrnon
in other domestic species. rn
dogs and cats they aie associated.witn gastii"-nyp""acidity
and gastroduodenal
urceration' This is in part due to hisiamine-type tr
receilto"i on gastric parieta1
and resultins hyperchrorhydria, and to the
::+1:^:1!i1ng^lvp"rstimuration
oeJ-etereouseffects of mast cerl proteolyil6
----r
enzyneson
'
vr' the
e"u walls
wqr
of vessels in the
stomach and other organs.
Contributor.
Lilly
Research Labs, p.0. Box 70g, Greenfield,
rndiana 46L4o.
S?ggestedleading.
LLngeman'c:-H:i- comparativeaspects of mastocytoses.
Nationar cancer Inst.
Monograph32: 289-295, 19'69.
Moulton, J' E. (Ea.): Tunors in DomesticAnimals.
SecondEdition, university
of California press, Berkeley, pp 26_33.
sass, B': The occurrence'or'a bilaieral mandibular
mast cell neoplasmin a
mousewith lymphocytic leukemia. Lab.
-erii.
Anim. Sci. z9(4), iii_i)a,
1979.
E.: Tumors
of
,rrol"t*,
the ixin.
ri"id. Hrrh.'org.-soir-zlr 595-596,
u17,
D A V I DL . F R I T Z . V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoqy
Department
of Veteriniry pathoibgy
Results
AFIP lrJednesday
Slide Conference - No. 19
13 FebruarY 1985
James B. Moe, DVM,PhD
LTC, VC, USA
Diplomate, ACVP
Director, Division of Pathology
of Research
Walter Reed Army Institute
Viashington, DC 2O3O7
CaseI - 84-0001 (AFIP L94942D.
nth-o1dma1eFischerf44rat.Thisanima1wasin
the Contiolgroup on a 2-year chronic toxicity-oncogenicity study and was
sacrificed in a moribundcondition.
Gross Patho'logy. t{lltiple yel1ow-tan nodules, 2 mm'or less in diametet wete
presffia1andviscera1peritoneum,withthemostextensive
involvement occurring in the scrotal sac. There were aLso multiple pale masses
noted in both testicles which were 2-5 mmin diameter.
Contributorts Diagnoses& Comment. Mesothelioma,tuniea vaginalis propria.
Leyd
rat.
In our laboratory, naturally-occwring mesotheliomashave been observed in
approximately V.6%of the male Fischer 344 rats on oncogenicity studies.
lv'lesotheliomasappear to arise from the serosal surface of the testes/epididymides
and have a rather characteristic shaggy-granular appearance. These tunors
frequentJ.y extend into the abdominalcavity and affect the visceral and parietal
peritoneum with the accumulation of dark ascitie fluid.
Tumorshistologically
appear as dense accumulations of mesothelial cells or papillary structures covered
by a single layer of neoplastic mesothelial celLs. Small tumors are not
i.nfrequently seen in randomsections of testes and epididymides which grossly
appeared norrml and must be differentiated from atypical mesothelial
proliferations.
The pathogenesis of this naturally-occurrj-ng tumor is unknwon,
however, audioradiographic studies of rat mesotheliumwith ['Hl tnymidine have
demonstrated an increase incorporation of the radioaetive label in mesotheliun
covering the testis as comparedto other sites.
Interstitial
celL tumors of the testis were also present and are observed in
almost all Fischer rats in long-term studies in our laboratory.
(Leydig) cell tumor, testis, Fischer 344 rat,
AFIP Diagnoses. 1) Interstitial
t)
rooelrEf-ZfTti6ffi,
seminiferous tubule, diffuse, moderite, testis.
lGsothelioma, tunica vaginalis, testis.
Qq4lerence NA!q. The atrophy of the seminiferous tubules which surround the
1ar@1].tumor(IbT)wasthoughtbyparticipantstobeduetothe
pressure from tumor expansion. Correspondingly, manytubules contain pink granular
material thought by most to be normal secretory products which have accumulated
within the tubules due to compressionof the tubule and blockage of the outflow.
Someslides contain additional sections of testicle in which small foci of
interstitial
cell hyperplasia oecasionally coalesce to form a larger nodule which
would be termed an adenomaby some. The moderator pointed out that in the opinion
of someworkers, the interstitial
cel1 hyperplasia becomesan adenomawhenthe size
of the nodule exceedsthe size of a normal seminiferous tubule.
ICT is a common
finding in ol-der Fl44 rats; commonly,there will be unilateral
involvement, with atrophy of the contralateral testicle.
ICT in the rat is often a
functional-neoplasm, and participants speculated that contralateral atrophy could
be accomplishedthrough negative feed mechanisms
stemmingfrom increased
testosterone, or due to the direct effects on the contralateral testicle of a
metabolite of testosterone--estrogen.
l'lesotheliomasarising from the tunica vaginalis are also seen with variable
incidence in different strains of rat. Occaiionally, they extend into the
abdominalcavity and are responsible for a brown ffuiO which fills the abdomenAbdominalmesotheliomasmay strangulate the intestines.
ICT must occasionally-be differentiated from tumors of adrenal rests; this may
be difficult
histologically and ultrastructurally due to numeroussimilaiities.
The latter usually occurs on the surface of the ipermatic cord or in the region of
the rete, but very rarely in the substaneeof the testis (Mostpfi, Bresler
r-lil1.
Contributor. Dow chemical co., Marnmarianand Environmental Toxicology Research
Building,
Midland, Michigan 48640.
Suggestedreadino.
ffiRice,M.M.:Mesothe1iomasandpro1iferative1esionsofthe
testicular mesothelllrt-producedin_Fischer, Sprague-Dawley
-Vet.
ind Buffalo rats by
-'
Methyl(aeetoxynethyl)nitrosamj.ne(DMN-oAcj]
path. Ikz 574-582, I97t:G o o d m a nD_
, .G:, Wa rd ,J: M., S quir e, R. A. et al.: Neoplastic and
nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rati.
Toxicol. & Appl,-Fnarmcol. 48t 237-248,
1979.
t'bstofir F. K., and Bresler, V. M.: Tumoursof the testis.
In pathology of
Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Vol. r,' Part 2, rnternational Agencyfor
Researchon
'
i
Cancer, Lyon, L976, pp 115-150.
Turusov,.V. S. (Ed.): Pathol0gy of Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Vol. n Tumoursof the Mouse. rnternationii Rgencyfor Researchon bancer,
r-yonl-illi, pp
t 1338.
Case II
- 4-2V2-3tE (nffp
LUry.
1962597).
tJ.SSUe IrOm a
year-old female beagle. This moderately overweight
wasa control doo in a toxicity study. The findinEs were incidental atnecropsy.
Modified Knottrs test was negative.
9f?:ftPiitto+9slr
and slightfyGilarged.,
i a
f t l
:*^:t13.,.
Th:_lly=oid,^conraininsdirfuse muiarv white spots, wasrirm
w s 9
r : 4
poisible lymphoio hyperjiasia were noted
.Scattered'foci-of
pirofilaria.
gl:, :d:1! female
irTiai,r';;;-i;u;e-Ii'tn" risht
X"0."::+:."::.o-:?:}l^l:*"1esanoffip,r'""""y-;d;;y:-"in"right
A.V.
valve was thi.ckened.
1_s6erstsry Results.
Over 6 monthsof biweekly bleeding for CBCand SS9l^tt9:.!
o"'"ffiiX'io"i"r-;;6";.ln:l..y:;î:::*::?:t-:::inophi1ia(up
to zxi-chorEiierorreversconsistentrvransedfrom
$';fi:il
;$;hgi"-Gp
2OI-245 mg/dI.
Con trib u 1 )T h y ro i d i t i s , 1y m phop1as m ac y t i c , c hronj .c'
id glahd' 2) Arteriosclerosis' early'
Oiss
iritO to moderate, trabecular arteries, spleen.
-multifocat,
Familiif :.ympno"Viicthyioiditis has been repbrted 1n numerouscolonies of
laboratorv oea6f!s.-'rne majority of the animals'are asymptomaticthough occasional
the cl-assic-clinical si.gns of hypothyroidism including obesity'
ilh;ia-Oispfai
thinned aloirecic skin, heat seeking activity, and varying degrees of
hyperlipidemia. In our colony, tha overall incidence of thyroiditis in those dogs
with a relatively high incidence of hyperplastic and
exim:.nebappeals to be 10-15%animals. In this study, the incj-dencewas
affected
in
neoplastic
lesions
benign
in the study, 9 were found to have
24
animals
total
of
out
of
a
even-highei.
variable severity; of these, -5 also
of
thyroiditis
lymphoplasmacytic
lymphoid or
n!O'mitO arteiibsclerotic- lesion3. Blood lipid levels range from normal in animals
with histologically severe lymphocytic thyroiditis to consistent leve1s near 400
mg/dl in animals witn mild thyroid lesions. Chronic high leve1 of circulating
blood lipid are attributed to a net decreasein lipid catabolism in the hypothyroid
animal and can lead to severe systemic atherosclerosis. In our. animals
arteriosclerotic lesions have been demonstratedonly in the spleen. The relatively
mild lesions noted in the splenic arteries of this animal may be related to chronic
low grade hyperLipidemia. It is interesting to speculate what lesions might have
occurred over time in this animal.
AFI! Diagnoses. I) Thyroiditis, interstitial,
lymphocytic (Hashimotors-like
diseffioderate,withfo11ieu1aratrophy,thyroid,beag1e,canine.2)
Branchial cyst (on somemicroslides only), focaI, perithyroidal connective tissue.
Confererce Note. Splenic arteriosclerosis diagnosedby the contributor was not
presffimiiredbyparticipants.SomeIp1enicirteries,however,
contain pale J.aminatedareas interposed betweenmuscular (medial) layers; this was
thought by sone participants to be elastosis. The presenceof numerous
megakaryocytesseattered throughout the spleen was thought to be normaLin a dog of
this age (5 yrs).
Unlike the disease in laboratory beagles, lymphocytic thyroiditis in pet dogs
of various breeds is accompaniedby characteristic and someti.mes
severe clinical
manifestations of hypothyroidism. Thyroiditis in the beagle has manyirportant
similarities to Hashimoto's disease (HD), to include a peak incidenc-ein
middle-agedadults, and antibodies directed toward thyroglobulin, a second colloid
anti.gen, and a microsomalantigen. Decreasedefficacy of suppressor T-lymphocytes
has been thought to play a role in the disease. Due to these and other
similaritigs,
the laboratory beagle is an animal model for HD (Gosse1in, Capen,
[4artin, f978).
In a recent study by Aichinger, FiII, and Wick (1985), it has been shownthat
the thyroid gland is not only the target, but is probably also intimately involved
in the_production of auLoantibodies. They have demonstrlted the expression of
Class II (HLA-DR)antigen by thyroid epithelial cells in humanpatients with HD.
Class II histocompatibility antigens are normally only seen on antigen-presenting
dendritic cells, lymphocytes). Their presenceon thyroid
ce1ls (macrophages,
epithelial eelli oi patients with HD suggests these cells are instrumental in
promoting autoantibody production by plasma cells within the gland, _and are
probably-aLsoinstrumbntal in inducing cytotoxic T-cel1s (Rose, 1985).
Spontaneousforms of thyroiditis are also commonlyseen and studied in the
obese strain of leghorn chicken and the Buffalo rat.
Contributor. Division of Veterinary Medical Research,FDA, Agricultural
neseEffi-Gin-Efl Be1tsville, Maryland 2o7O5.
-Suqqestedreadino.
Aichinger, G., FiIl, H., and Wick, G.: t'In situ" immunecomplexes, lymphocyte
subpopulations, and HLA-DRpositive epithelial
cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Lab. lnvest. 52(2)z I32-I4O, 1985.
Fritz, T. E., Zeman, R. C., and ZeJ,Je, M. R.: Pathology and familial incidence
of thyroiditis
in a closed beagle colony. Exper. & Mo1ec. Path. 12: I4-VO, I97O.
G o s s e l i n , S . , C a p e n , C . C . , a n d M a r t i n , S . L . : H a s h i m o t o r st h y r o i d i t i s .
Ani.mal model of human disease. Am. J. Path. 9O: 285-288, L978.
Gosselin, S. J., Capen,C. C., and Martin, S. L.: Histologic and
ultrastructural
evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in
dogs. Vet. Path. 18: 299-309, 1981.
Haines, D. M., Lording, P. M., and Penhale, Irrt.J.:
Survey of thyroglobulin
autoantibodies in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45(8)z 1497-1497,
1984,
.beagles
l'lanning, P. J.:
Thyroid gland and arterial lesions of
with familial
.
hypothyroidism and hyperlipoproteinemia.
Am. J. Vet. Res. 40(6)t BZA-929, 1979.
Manning,P. J., Corwin, L. A., and Middleton, C. C.: Famitial
hyperlipoproteinemia and thyroid dysfunction of beagles. Exper. & t'trclec. Path. l-9:
t7ut88, L97V
.
Rose,N. R.: Editorial: The thyroid gland as a soureeand target of
autoirmunity. Lab. Invest. 52(2): ll7-119, fge5.
D. A., Yates,A. J. eL aJ.: Spontaneous
thyroiditis
. _!"lgn!, J..-R., Senhauser,
in BBlrlistar diabetic rats. Vet. path. ZOz522-530,Iggt,
IIrJ.SSUe fXOm an a
eaver (Castor carrqglqqsls). Multiple deaths
one stream drainage yet no ctinTcTEiffin.-
Gross Patholgg)r. An adult beaver was examined. There was moderatepostmortem
autfficontai.nedmu1tip1esma11pa1efociofrandomdistribution.
No other significant gross lesions were seen.
Resul.ts. Cultures of the liver resulted in the isolation of a
on bLood cystine agar. Subsequentbiochernical
the isol-ate to be Francisella tularensis.
Hepatic necrosis, acute, multifocar,
:contributor's:?iagngsis & com
severe. FrancLselJ_a tuJ.arensis.
luraremia is a plague-like disease affecting a variety of animals and man.
Previous reports from Montana have appeared in Lne literature
(Hanrmersland,Jones,
Child, 1940) (Jellison, Koh1, Butler et a1.).
Hepatitis, necrotizi-ng, acute, multifocal, liver,
rodent.
beaver,
ConferenceNote. Particlpants thought the walls of someveins adjacent to foci
ofnffiotic,ofienwithaisociatedthrombi.Thediscussioncentered
around the differential diagnosis which included infectious and toxic agents. Most
agreed that a toxin would aifect the sameportion of each liver lobule, whereasthe
distribution of lesions in this case is random. Infectious etiologies could
include Francisella, Yersinia spp, viral agents (herpes & reoviruses), Sa1monella
anoBaciffiomeinieccioisttersiniaanoTyzzer'soisEil
bactffiusua].Vreadi1yseen.TheothersGildbedifficu1ttodifferentiate
histopathologically.
The amountof karyorrhectic debris present in necrotic foci
was thought by most participants to exceedwhat would be present from dissolution
of hepatocyte nucJ.ei alonel most thought the debris included fragments of
inflammatory cells.
A study by the moderator(Moe, Canonico,Stookeyet al., 1975) suggestedthat
the ability of the host to mount a rapid ceIl-mediated immuneresponse is paramount
in the outcomeof Francisella infections; the developmentof pyogranulomatous
lesions was thougnTT6-5ffiq'uired to trigger the humoral response. In animals
unable to develop cell-rnediated inrnunity rapidly enough, like the beaver in this
case, survivability was J-ow. A recent study by Sandstromand po-workers (1984)
suggests that the bacteriurmmust first multiply within macrophages
before effective
neutraU.zing antibodies can be producedby immunoeytes.
Transmission of tuLaremia is somewhatunusual in that it may be acconplished
via insect vectors (and transtadially within these), via water, or via aerosol.
Sornesources report infection through intact humanskin.
Contributor. 'Laboratory,
MontanaVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Departmentof
LiveFfotTlMar
P.0. Box 991r. Bozeman,Montina i977L.
Suqqestedreadino.
ffii11y,J.R.:Tu1aremia.InInfectiousDiseasesof|{i1d
Marmals,Chapt 18. Iowa State University Press, Ifts, pp 214-231.
Buchanan,T. M., and Hook, E. |,rl.III:
Tularemia. In Principles of Internal
Medicine, lvlcGraw-HillBook Co., NewYork, I98V, pp 977-Tf9.
Hamrnersland,
H. L., and Joneschild, E. M.: Tularemia in a beaver. Clinical
Data, 9t97, Jan 1940.
Jellison, V{. L., Kohls, G. M., Butler, hl. J. et al.: Epizootic tularemia in
the beaver, Castor canadensis, and the contamination of stream water with
Fasteurella @.
Hyg. i6z 16&182, Ig4z.
@vix,A.,wbtr-watz,H.eta1.:AntigenfromFrancise11a
. tularensis: Nonidentity between determinants participating in cell-rnffiEEti:
ErffiirEffiactisrs.
Iniect. & Immun.45(1): tbt-toe, I9B4:
Case IV - R-I169-81 (AFIP L946348) (2 kodachromeslides
rom a I /-mon
ey r at.
Gross Pathology. Lesion involving the right external ear canal and right side
ofhffied4x4x3cmandoncutsurfaceconsistedmain1yofye11owish
friable material. Occasionalcystic spaceswere present.
auditory sebaceousgland (Zymbaltsgland
Contributorrs Diagnosis. Adenoma,
tumoiF
rat, rodent.
AFIP Diagnosis. Carcinoma,Zymbal's gland, Sprague-Dawley
ConferenceNote. There i.s variation betweentumor sections in this ease. In
some@imari1ysebaceous,itiswe11-circumseribedbyathinfibrous
capsule, and the mitotic rate is 1ow. In other sections the neoplasmis
predominantly squamous,there is no visible capsule around the mass, the mitotic
rate j.s in excess af L2 in somehigh power fields, and someneoplastic epithelial
cells can be seen invading the surrounding mesenchyme.The malignant character of
this tumot, at least in someportions, is supported by the gross photographswhich
depict invasion, ulceration and hemorrhageat the base of the ear. Vrtithin large
cystic areas of the tumor are variable numbersof inflammatory cells, sorre
bacterial colonies, and keratinaceous debris.
Tumors-of Zymbalrs gland are rare in the rat accounting for 1% of spontaneous
neoplasmsin this species. Mixed sebaceousand squarnous
neoplasmsof the rat may
also arise from preputial and clitoral glands. Oneconference participant reporled
seeing spontaneoustumors of Zymbalts gland in mice on several occasions.
Contribulor.- Departmentof Pathology, Smith K1ine & French Laboratories, 1500
p.0. Box 79?9, pnliioerphia, pennsylvania 19101.
sprin]ffii-3Ereet,
^ ,, Syggestgd-reading, P1iss, G. B.: Tumorsof the auditory sebaceousglands. In
F'amoJ.ogy
of Tumoursin Laboratory Animals, Turusov, V. S. (Ed.), Internitional
Agencyfor Researchon CancernLyon, I97tr'pp ?VJA'.
DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
6
Results
AFIP f'lednesdaySlide Conference - No. 20
20 February 1985
Richard ltl. Voelker, DVM,PhD
Diplomate, ACVP
Department of Pathology
Hazleton Laboratories
9200 Leesburg Turnpike
Vienna, VA 22LBA
CaseI - 84-406 (AFrP 19477A6
t female Long-Evansrat. The animal was pregnant
pupped
when
and
7 days after arriving from the vendor. Oneof the 14 pups
died at age 2 days. Damand pups appearedhealthy until 5 days after pupping at
which time the dambecamelethargic, ataxic, dyspneic, and would not nurse her
PUPS. She had a reddish nasal and ocular discharoe.
Gross &Patholoqv. The lungs were diffusely consolidated with widespread1-3 rrn
tan-white foci. The Iiver had a pale mottled appearance. No other gross lesions
were seen.
.
Liboratory,Re?ultq.
Samplesof lung were cultured and Corynebacteriun
KUESCner1 $'aS lsolaEed.
Contributor'e liqgnqs_is & Comment. Pneumonia,diffuse, caseopurulent;
suba
s, subacute, moderate,
etiology--Corynebacterir.mkutscheri.
S p e c i a i t i v e , a c i d f a s t n e g a t i v e , 1 o n g r o d s h a p e d
bacteria (larger colonies did not stain well).
The random, diffuse, coalescing foci of inflanrmation suggest hematogenous
spread of the organism to the lung which is considered the likely route of entry in
pulmonaryinfections.
No primary source of infection could be found however. The
gross appearanceof the liver correspondedhistologically to central lobular
congestion and periportal hepatocellular vacuolation.
Overt disease arising from latent infections have been associated with
conditions lowering the host's resistence. In this case shipping, pregnarcy,
and/or tlrc subsequentnursing of 13 pups likely aided jn exacerbating a Latent
infection.
Based on the degree of fibroplasia and type 2 ceII hyperplasia seen in
someareas, it is speculated that the earliest inflammation began at least 4-6 days
prior to sacrifice (at ot near the time the rat pupped).
A list of differential etiologies would include bacteria causing septicemia
(Pseudomonllg,
galmonella) or possibly those causing bronchopneumonia
( streoEococcus.PasEeuretJ_a
).
t -
- - -
AFI.P,
Diagnosis. Pneumonia,necrosuppurative, chronic, multifocal and
coaLescing, moderate, with numerousintralesional bacterial colonies, and diffuse
mild pleuritis, lung, Long-Evansrat, rodent; etiology--compatibl,e with
Corynebacteriumkutcheri.
Conferencetlsle. Someparticipants preferred a diagnosis of granulomatousor
pyog@urnonia;most,however,IeSerVegranu1omatousiorinf1arrrnatory
processes involving predominantly macrophages,unLike this case. Oneparticipant
noted that the multiple aggregates of neutrophils resemble fairly old abscessesin
that they ate surrounded by macrophages,fibroblasts, and fibrous connective tissue
(although scant). Finally, participants noted mild phlebitis of several pulrnonary
veins within somesections.
The features of latency involving the 'tAttstrain of the bacterium, and
subsequentinduction of active infection involving the "K" strain, have not been
thoroughly elucidated. Someauthors feeL that stress merely enhancesconditions
for bacterial proliferation within target organs which have been seededduring
latent j-nfections. Others feel that during active infections, the target organs
(Iiver, 1ung, kidney) filter out bl-ood-bornevirulent (K) bacteria more efficiently
than other organs, and are therefore affected most severely. The source of
bacteremiais not known,but at least one author feels the colon and mesenteric
veins maybe involved, particularly in mice (hteisbroth, scher, 1968).
Contributor.
o634-
Pfizer Central Researeh,Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
Suggestedreading.
Eb
n i r s c h k e ,K ., Ga rn e r, F . M., Jones, T. C. ( Eds.) : Pathologyof Labor ator y
^
Animalsr.Vol. r, springer-Verlage, Newyork, L978, pp 89-90, zsr-zsz, r3g#L397-.
F o r d , T . M ., a n d Jo i n e r, G. N .: pneumonia
in a r at associateowitn
Corynebaeterium
pseudotuberculosis. A case report and literature survey. Lab.
Anim. Care 18:. 22A-223,!968
, . K . , c a r t e r , G . R . e t a l . : p n e u m o n iian r a t s d u e t o
. _ G i d d e n s ,w . E . , K e a h e y K
infection with ccrynelggteliumkutscheri.. path. Vet. 5z zz7-2t7, 196g.
Reddy' c. A;-ffid-m;l:T
T:Eiffition
of cytochromes in s6lected species of
corynebacteria pathogenic to animals. J. Gen. MicrobioL. I28: 2379-ZVgt,'IggZ.
Weisbrothr S. H., and Scher, S.! Corynebacterium
kutscheri infection in the
m o u s e . . I . R e p o r t o f a n o u t b r e a k , o a c t s p o n t a n e o u s
infections. Lab. Anirn. Care 18: 451-458, p56:
CaseII - 8t-79A9 GFIP 1948104).
-old male Arab cross equine. The horse was
dppey, anorexic and was.losing.weight rapidly. It was treated with antibiotics,
vitamins and steroids with no improvementand was euthanatized after approximit6ty
one month. Grossly, the liver was pale and firm and slightly reduced ih size.
Liver copper wet .weight was 45 ppm, Lead--background
.
|abor,$Y-le9l-l1ts.
1ev@iveforrabiesandnosignificantbacteriawereiso1ated.
Contributorrs Di
nYPe
is & C6mment. Hepatic fibrosis periportal,
osis due to pyrrolizidine
rn t h i s . c a s e , b e ri e ve d to b e _ !v.T a nsv
lagwor t ( sbnegiojacobaea) .
-AcutepoisoningPypyrroIizidinea1xa1oiosffiura11yasthe
plants
are unpalatable
and animals
do not consume enough for
bile duct
alkaloid
toxicoses.
acute toxicity.
Horses_
and pigs appear to be more susceptive than cattle and sheep. FiOroiis
generally is muchmore markedin cattl-e than in horses. In this case megalocytosis
is very markedwith somecells being manytimes the normal size. The nu6learmembrane
is accepting-the basic dye very strongly and the chromatin is fragmented.
The nucleoli are singJ-eand very large.- The megilocytosis is thought
to be due to
-This
an inhibition of mitosis although the synthesis-of ONnis normal.
results in
disrupted regeneration of hepatocyteswitn increase in size instead of division.
This case camefrom the northern part of the Province from which we also recive
cases of A1sike Clover poisoning, (TrefoLiumhydridum), however,in this poisoning
[email protected]
the early stages of Alsike poisoning bile duct hyperplasia does occur in the liter
stages periportal fibrosis is a feature.
Pvrrolizidine alkaloids have been demonstratedto cause lesions in young
receiving thej toxin through the milk. Spongydegeneration of the CNShas been
demonstratedin P.A. ooisonino.
AFIP Diagnqsis. Cirrhosis, diffuse, moderateto severe, with multifocal mild
to moderateperipoital hepatitis, and diffuse megalocytosis,liver, Arab-cross,
equinel etiology--compatible with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity.
ConferenceNg!g. The diagnosis of cirrhosis implies the presence of four major
1esi@arnecroiis,bridgingporta1fibrosis,nodu1arhepatoce11u1ir
regeneration, and biliary ductal hyperplasia. A11 are present in this case, as is
a variable amountof bile stasis.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are eonvertedby hepatocellular (as well as other
celLs) microsomalenzymesto metabolites including reaetive alkylating
agents--pyrroles. The latter have an affinity for negatively charged molecules,
manyof which are in the nucleus; they have the capacity to bind and cross-linkstrands of DNA,but lor somereason, DNAsynthesis proceeds. Studies with
monocrotaline, a PA found in Crotalaria spp: have shownthat one of its pyrrole
metabolite is capable of bindffifi- sulffiOryl groups of tubulin, a componentof the
mitotic spindle. This results in the inability to form a miLotic spindle. The
result is the formation of megalocytes. Partiiipants noted that cel1s and nuclei
of hepatocytgs within regenerative-nodules are of normal size; it stands to reason
that only cells unaffected.by PA would be free to divide. In addition,
monocrotaline metabolites inhibit plasmamembtane
sodir-m-potassium
ATPise and other
sulfhydryl containing membrane
components,resulting in cell swelling and death.
Finally, it is believed that PA metabolites are com[lete carcinogens through their
alkylation of cellular DNA,RNAand protein. (Allen, Robertson,Johnsonei al,,
IeTe).
Hepatic encephalopathy.mayresuLt from the inability of a severely damaged
liver to catabolize aromatic lmino acids allowing their ratio to increase in
relation to the branched chain amino acids which are catabolized at a normal
by muscle. Imbalance of amino acids causes, at least in theory, an imbalancerate
in
certain neurotransmitters. Elevated levels of anmoniamay ;i;6'play a role
in
hepatic encephal.opathy
(pearson, l9g4).
The effects of PA are not limited to the liver,
-- 7 as they
-"-r may be metabolized
+*3ev by
cells in the kidney, lung, and elsewhere.
Contributor. British Columbia-VeterinaryLaboratory, B.C. Ministry
of
AgriE'ilFure-f,Eod, p.o. aoi-ioo, nnnotiior;, B.c., v2s 4N8, canada.
Suggestedreadino.
fitson,|..|:,Johnson,W.D.eta1.:Toxico1ogica1effects
of^ fmonocrotaline
and its rnetabolites. proc.
- - - iymposium,oregon state University,
1979, pp 37-42.
G a r r e t t r - 8 . J . , . H o l t a l , D . w . , . c h e e k g ,p . R . e t a r . : E f f e c t s o f
dietary
supplernentationwith butytiteo hydroxyaniiole, cysteine, ano
vitamins
ra g w o r t ( s e n e ci o j a co b a e a )to xi co si s in poniei. Am. J. Vet Res.45( l) :B on tansy
asg_ i ea,
1984.
G o e g e r ,D - E ., ch e e ke ,P . R ., s chm itz, J. A.
a1.: Effect of feeding m i l k
from goats fed tansy_ragwort(senecio jac6baea) toet rats
and calves. Am. J. Vet.
Res. 4 V ( 9 ) z I 6 VL -I6 3 3 , IS A Z .
Gulick, B. A., Liu, I.K.M., Qualls, C. W. et aI. : Effect of pyrrolizidine
alkaloid-induced hepatic disease on plasma amino acid patterns in the horse. Am.
J . V e t . R e s . 4 1 ( 1 1 ) : 1 8 9 4 - 1 8 9 8 ,1 9 8 0 .
Johnson, A. E., and Molyneux,R. J.: Toxicity ol threadleaf groundsel (Senecio
Am. J. Vet. Res. 45(1)z 26-3\, 1984.
doublasii var longilobus) to cattle.
Johnson, A. E., and Smart, R. A.: Effects on cattle and their calves of tansy
ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) fed in early gestation. Am. J. Vet. Res.44(7)z
tz15-Lzr9, rglt.
Pearson, E. G.: Pyrrolizidine alkaloid liver toxicosis in domestic animals.
Proc. Second Annual Form & 12th Annual Scientific Program, American College of
Veterinary Internal Medicine, Irrlashingtotr,D.C., May 1984, pp 110-120.
Case III
- 511951 (AFIP I9559O4).
Hampshireewe which exhibited suddenonset of
weaknessprogressing to collapse, recumbency
and convulsion. IL died during
examination. The oraL mucousmembranes
were pale and icteric, with slow capillary
refi11.
Gross Pathology. At necropsyicterus was diffuse throughout body and
hemoffited,
LaboratoryResu1ts.
ffi
Liver
Cu = 380 Dom
Normal= .75 - 1.40 ppm
Normal=5-50ppm
Contributorrs Diaonosis & Comment.Centrilobular hepatocytic necrosis, triadal
t poiioning, (intravascular hemolysis).
The mechanism
of-copper toxicity most'probabl!'invol-ves free radical
production. 9oppgr_is.takenup by hepatoeytesand concentrate in lysosornes. Being
a transitional metal, it can donate or accept single electrons as it changes
valence. These single unpaired electrons can com6inewith O2 Eo form suplr
oxides-or-hydrogenperoxide, forming the hydroxyl radical. ?nese free radicals can
cause lipid peroxidation of lysosomil membianes
and subsequentlylysosomat eniyme
release and cellular rrecrosis.
rior
AFIP Diaonoses. 1) Necrosis, hepatocellul-ar, individual ceII, muLtifocal to
z) lJLLestasis,
diffuse, liver.
7) Vacuolir chanfe, hbpatoc6lfufai,
.moclerater
diffuse, ml]d, liver.
/+) Hepatitis, centrolobular and p""i6oit"f', ,rOi"u[El-'
diffuse, mild, liver.
, . ^ - r
g+fIffierate,.y1!hiobu]arcondensaiion,-rivJrlH''pini.re,-ovine.
Conference
Yg!e.
, Participants noted that hepatic l-obutes are small, indicating
nepaEocelJ-urar
l-oss which
has resulted in collapse of the lobules. BiIi
hyperplasia is also present in most portal areas, althougn gooo ductules Ouct
are not
forned. Variably-sized globular eosinophilic bodier .r."p"Er.nt *itnin
hepatocytes
and also within sinusoids. The identity of these globules could not be
but they are reminiscent of-cytoplasmic condensati6ns(Mali;rt-bodies) delermined,
seen in
hepatocytesand sinusoids of humanalcoholics.
L
---=
Rhodaninestain, which has recently been shownto be a very
of tissue-bound copper (Johnion,.Gilbeitson, eororischer Jt Jil, sensitive indicator
l9g4) failed to
demonstratecopper in the liver in this case. The Departmentof Histochemical
Pathologywas also unable to demonstratecopper through the use of other special
stains and scanning electron microscopy. The Departmentof Hepatic Pathology
stated that, although copper could not be demonstratedin this case, the lesions
are in keeping with a metal poisoning. They further cited several cases of
fVilsonrs disease in which tissue-boundcopper could not be demonstrated.
Participants questioned serumand liver copper levels from this case and nortnal
cited by the contributor. According to somesources (Smith, Jones & Hunt)
]9v91s
(Jubb and Kennedy),the copper levels from this case are not abnormall levels cited
by Buck, Van Gelder and Osweiler (1976) do, however,support the contributorrs
figures, assurningthat copper levels in this case were determined from wet j-iver
samples(not stated by the contributor).
Mogt participants thought that the more chronic changesin this liver were
probably due to another toxin, most likely a plant toxin, and that the more recent
changescould be due to eopper. It has blen thought thai previous liver damigeby
hepatotoxic plants mayresult in.excessive copper accumulationin the liver, "
a-fatal hemolytic crisis.
A receni study by white, Swick, and cheexe,
tgll?Y"|^by
(rv6/+) ralts to support that theory.
A paper by Sternlieb (1980) discusses effects of excessive copper which are
very similar to those caused by PA metabolites, to include interference with
tubulin and subseque!! spindle formation. Mild hepatocellular megalocytosis seen
in this-casel maYreflect those changes. Additionally, siernfi"o-repoits
deposition of Ma119ry.'shyalinn as in this case, in the nepatocytes
-inesein various
conditions in which there is a-great excess of hepatic
changesmay
once again be related to the efFect of copper upon tubulin.
"opbur;
Contributor,
Merck sharp & DohmeResearch Labs, west point, pennsylvania 194g6.
Suoqestedreadi.no.
ffiMcC.Howe11,J.'andCook,R.D.:Anu1trastructura1and
morphoretric study of the liver of normal and copper-poisonedsheep. Am. J. path.
99(2)z 429-448, 1980.
J o h n s o n ,G . F .,.Gi l b e rtso n , s. R., Goldfischer , s. et al.: cytochemical
detection of inherited copper toxicosis of Bedlinglon terriers.
Vet. path ZIz
"
57-6CI,1984.
Sternlieb, I:t
Copper.andthe Liver. Gastroenterol. 78: 1615-162},l9gg.
Van Gelder, G. A. (Ed.): Copper-Molybdenum.
In Clinical and Diagn6stie
Veterinary_Toxicology,2nd Ed., Kendall/HuntPubli$ing Co., Dubuque,Iowa 1976,
,
pp.297-3O9.
_ l v h i t e , R . D., sw i ck, R . A ., a n d cheeke,p. R.: Effects of dietar y copperand
molybdenum
on tansy ragwort (Seneciojacobaea) toxicity in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res.
4 5 (1 ) : 1 5 9 - 1 6 1, L 9 8 4
study of chronic copper toxicity in
. hlilhelmsen' C. L.: An immunohematological
sheep. Cornell Vet. 69: 225-232, 1979.
CaseIV - 85-1 (nffp 1948310).
uft male Fischer rat.
foundGtl
on day 531 of a chronic
caudoventral abdomen.
feeding
study with
This mid-dosemale rat was
a 2.5 cm diameter mass of the
Gross Pathology. Mass, 2.5 cn diameter, anterior to penis.
Contributor's Diaqnosis & Comment.Preputial gland carcinoma'
i s o 1 i d n e s t s , d u c t - 1 i k e s t r u c t u r e S ' a n d c o r d s
of epithelial cells in a desmoplastic stroma. The tumor cells are pleomorphict
squamous
in character, and showedvesicular nuclei. Mitotic figures are numerous.
The duct-like structures contained keratin and cel] debris admixedwith
inflammatory ceI1s. Accumulationsof lymphoid cel-ls are focal and multiple. In
somesections, tumor emboli are evident in adjacent blood vessels.
AFIP Diagnosis. Carcinoma,preputial gland (per contributor), Fischer rat,
rodent.
ConferenceNote. The preputial and clitoral gLands,like Zymbalrsgland, are
compffianchedtubu1oa1veo1arg1ands.Acinarce11-sarese5aceousand
all ducts are lined by stratified squamousepithelir.rm. Tumorsarising from
preputial or elitoral glands are squamous,as in this case, sebaceous,or a
combination of the two. Due to their location, they must be differentiated from
marmarygland neoplasms. Combinedglandular and squamouspatterns, such as in this
case, are common
in preputial gland carcinomasand would be uncommon
in a mammary
neoplasm. A feature of epithelial cells of preputial glands is the abundance
of
eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, not evident in this case. However,in sections
stained with H&Eat the AFIP, these granules are evident in manytumor ceLls.
Finally, somepartieipants thought that the combination of adenocarcinoma
and solid
(comedo)carcinoma patterns would be unusual in a mammary
gland tumor of the rat.
A large cystic duct within the'tumor in manysections, wis-thought by the moderator
to represent a pre-existing preputial gland ductl these tend to becomecystic in
older animals. Numerouselements of normal mammirygland, with epitheliil cells
containing a brown pigment, are present around or have been incorporated into tFe
tumor.
Preputial gland tumors are uncommon
in the rat with an incidence of less than
5%as spontaneousneoplasms. Their incidence can increase drastically due to the
effects of chemical carcinogens.
Contributor.
Bio/dynamics,Inc., Departmentof Pathology, Mettlers Road, East
Mi11E6i6-'l'iilTersey obszt.
Suggestedreadino.
.,.ffiey,J.R.,andhreisbroth,S.H.(Eds.):TheLaboratoryRat,
Vor.. . r ' B i o l o g y a n d _ D i se a se s,
A ca d emicpr ess, 1979, pp.737- 319.
--^
!1 I "9 ? r _ [ . a n d F u j i i , T .i T u m or sof pr efutiar ' gr ind in r aLs. Gann68:
369-370, 1977.
Reznibr G. and lrlard, J. M.:. Morphology of hyperprastic and
.
neoplastic lesions
in the clitoral
and_preputial glano br tnE'F344 rat
Vet. path. 18: 228-2t8, 1981.
Reznik, G. and Reznik-Schuller, H.: Pathology of the
clitoral
ano prepuiiaf
glandsin agingFr44rats. Lab.anim.sci. l0(5ii a+s-8501-ig8o.
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Department of Veterinary pathol6gy
Results
AFIP Vrtednesday
Slide Conference- No. 21
27 Febtuary 1985
ConferenceModerator: Sidney R. Jones, DVMphD
Diplomate, ACVP
Director, Departmentof pathology
Hazleton Laboratories
9200 LeesburgTurnpike
Vi-enna,VA 2ZIBO
Case I - HLA-2 AFIP 1899058.
year-oId spayed female mix-breed eanine.
The dog
was pre
with-a 3-day history of anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, and
vomiting. ^Physical examination rbvealed a temperature of iOOof' 6j.i"q:
pulse
rate of 180 beats/minute and respiration characterized by panting. t,tucu!membranes
were pale with a-capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds. Sehydrati.onwas
estimated at 7-8%. The dog respondedf-vorably to treatment of renal
insufficiency, but relapsed and was euthanatiz6d one weekLater.
Gross Patho'logy. The abdominalcavity contained l-4 1iters of fluid.
kidnffinken.The]ivercontainedmu1tip1e]mmdiameterye11owfoci
scattered throughout the surface and parenchyma.
The
Laboratorv ResuLts. AbnormaLserumchemistries included a BUNof 121 mg/dl and
crea@
& Comment.Liver: Multifocal parasitic granulomas.
Hepa@
tica.
The liver sections
ple circumscribed lesions characterized by a
thick connective tissue wa1l surrounding large numbersof ova, necrotic debris and
mineralized material which results in aitifactual knife marks'in manysections.
The.ova were typical trichurid eggs with prominent bipolar plugs. Hlpatic
capillariasis was reported as an-incidental finding. The diagiosis miy -iso ue
eonfirmed with impression smearsof unfixed lesionl.
Someslioes also contain a
section of kidney with severe diffuse chronic glomerulonephropathy.
Capillaria frepalica j.nfection of the liver of dogs may be observed as an
J-ncLdentar finding during abdominal surgery or at the time of necropsy. Infection
with this nematode parasite has been observed in mice, rats, cats, dogs, beavers,
muskrats, hares, pigs, gerbils, ground squirrels, rabbits, peccariesr-nonhuman
primates and man.
.
.
-
-
q
- - Thg major host is the wild rat with infection being rare in the dog. Although
infection is inapparent in these species, it may cause hepatitis and death in
nonhumanprlmates and has been associated with severe hepatic fibrosis and
disordered l-iver function in man.
The adults of Capillaria hepatica live in the liver of various mammalian
species with wild raT-ffig
EFe-mffir host.
Unembryonated eggs are produced by
the nematode in the Liver where they are retained.
Eggs reach the environment only
through the decay of an infected carcass or when they are discharged in the feces
of carnivorous animals feeding on infected mammals.Eggs becomeinfective in two
to six weeksfollowing exposureto air. Infection results from ingestion of
embryonatedeggs from the soil.
Eggs hatch in the cecumand larvae penetrate the
mucosaand reaeh the liver via the portal vein. Larvae mature into adult worms
within the liver in approximately three weeksand subsequently degeneratereleasing
large nurnbersof eggs into the liver parenchyma.
_ 4fIP Diagnoses. 1) Hepatitis, subacute, multifocal to diffuse, mild, with
mul-tifocal adventitious cysts containing nematodeeggs, liver, mixbreed, caninel
9li9logY--conpatible with Capillaria hepatica. 2) Glomerulonephritis, chronic,
di f f use, wi th t ubul oi nt ersTtETlliTiidn!frTitiney
.
ConferenceNote. Parasite eggs released into the parenchymaof an organ are
initffiwithinagriiu1ona.Theendstageofsuchgranu1onai'ay
leave the parasite eggs encircled only by a fibrous cipsule as ii preseni :.n-inis
case.__Cystsforygg by the host in response to foreignr bodies, parasites, etc. may
be called adventitious cysts.
.
T!" eggs in this case range from 60 to 90 microns in length and 25-VOmicrons
in width; in sornesections, they can be seen to be bioperculite. The egg wall
contains nLrnerousstriations which are characteristic bf capiiiaria n"piEii".Participants discussed the life cycle of this parasite.
Sore microslides contain a section of kidney as well as liver; although
former is not a focus of interest in this case,-the changesaie compatibl; the
with an
immunemediated glomerulonephritis. A variable numberof plasma ceils aii present
in the cortical interstitium and cortical tubules contain,-;;; are
sometimes
distended by, pink homogeneous
material. Additioniirv,-.'cnrJnic pveritiJ-is
present in somesections.
Contributor.
virsffii-aT2l8T-
Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. , 92ooLeesburgTurnpike, Vienna,
Suqqestedreadino.
unlEwood'M' and Lichtenfels, J._R.: Identification
of parasitic Metazoain
Tissue Sections. Academiceressi lgi,
pp-soj_sff.
Flynn, R- J.: Parasites of [aooraioii nnimafs, rne
lowa State University
Pre s s r . Am e sI9
, 7 t, p p 2 5 4 , 2 9 6 .
G r i g o n i ! ' G: J., Jr.,'a l d so l omon, B.: capillar ia hepatica:
Fine str u c tur e
o ^f e g g . s h e 1 t . E x p e i . P a i a s i t o 1 . 4 0 : z_G.
aZ-zfi,rEffi||vPqt
. Solqnon,G. B., ?19 Grigonis, g._i., Jr.i capillaria hepatica: Relation of
structure
andcomposition
oF egg'sheltio-.niigffii#.ffi;e"rasitor.
40:
298-to7, 1976.
soulsby, E'J.L.: Helminthsr_Arthropods
and
- - Protozoa of DomesticatedAnimals.
Lea & Febiger, philadelphia, JSiaZ,p. tAO;-
Case II - 84-m02 (nffP 19494?6).
th-o1dfema1eFischerv44tat.Thisanima1was
study and was sacrificed
group
2-year
toxicity-oncogenicity
on
a
in the control
while in apparent good health at the termination of the study.
.
.-ri:.
Gross Pathology. A firm, multilobulated, centrally necrotic, circumscribed
mass@imate1y4cmindiameterwas1ocatedatthejunctionofthe
body of the uterus and cervi.x.
uterus, Fischer
Contributorts Diagnosis & Comment. Malignant schwannoma,
t44rffi
Nonepithelial tumors of the uterus are common
in Fischet 344 rats. The
majority of the tumors are small, originate in the uterine horns, benign and are
classified as endometrial stromal polyps. This tr-rmoris atypical in that it was
large, localized to the body of the uterus/cervix and was mal-ignant. Significant
features of this tumor were nuclear palisading, interlacing of parallel bundles of
cel,ls and markednuclear pleomorphismcharacterized by giant cells with multiple
nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The differential diagnoses included malignant
schwannoma,
stromal sarcomaand leiomyosarcoma.
AFIP Diagnosis.
Sarcoma,undifferentiated,
uterus, F344 tat, rodent.
ConferenceNote. The differential diagnosis included endometrial stromal
sarc@a,ma1ignantschwann5ma,andma1ignantfibrouinistio-yto'a.
Sore participants thought this turnor represented a fairly uncomplicated
leiomyosarcomaexcept for occasional areas where tumor c61ls becomerounded which
would be unusual'for malignant smoothmuscle ceIls. Participants thought the turnor
lacked the fibrous character which is typical of malignant fibrous hisiiocytoma.
Most participants were in agreementwith a diagnosis of endometrial stromai sarcoma.
The Department of Immunochemistrywas able to demonstrate the presence of S-I0O
protein in most tunor cells and, based upon that finding and the histologic
appearanceof the tumor, they concurred with the contributorts diagnosis-of
malignant schwanncrna.
-The Departmentof Neuropathologyfailed to iee any patterns
suggesting a neural origin in this tumor. Further, they did not feel thit tne
5-100.positivity of ceIls was typical of the degree or itaining they conmonlysee
in schwannomas.
^ S-+00 protein, formerly thought to be neural-specific, is now knownto also be
found in nunerous non-neural tislues (trleiss, Langloss, Eniinger, I9g3). n"--ntfy,
several different lypes of 5-100 proteins hive b6en eiucidatJo (raxanisni,.-iroo",
0 h t s u k i e t a l ., 1 9 8 4 ).
have been described in the uteri of mice (stewart,
_ -Malignant schwannomas
Deringer, Dunn et a1., 1974) and in the dorsal spinal nerve root of a laboritory
rat (Abbot' 1982), but not in or associated with the rat uterus. Muchmore
commonly,endometrial stromal. sarcomasand leiomyosarcomasarise from the rat
utelus, and have.the sane general appearanceas the tumor in this ciie, io-incfuOe
the nunerousmultinueleated giant cells.
Differentiation of the two miy be
difficult
without special inrnunochemicalstains such as for the intermeiiate
filament f'desmi-n'found in muscle. However,differentiation may be acao-mic, since
often the neoplasmswill represent an incid6ntal finding at neciopsy as in this
case.
Dow Chemical Company,Marnmalian& Environmental Toxi'cology
Contributor.
Bldg., Midland, Michigan 48540.
neseEffih u--rauory
ted rea
of the dorsal spinal nerve root in a
schwannoma
. Anim. 16: 265-266, L982.
and
S t e w a r t ,H . L . , Deringer, M. K., Dunn, T. B. et al.: Malignant schwannomas
netve roots, uterus, anO6piiidymis-in miie. J. Natl. CancerInst. 53(6)z
1749-1758,L974,
Localization
Immunohistochemical
T a k a h a sh i ,K ., Iso b e , T .r 0 h tsuki, Y. et al.:
Am. J.
system.
proteins
human
lymphoreticular
the
in
and distribution of 5-100
Path. U5(r): 497-5A7, 1984.
Turusov, V. S. (Ed.): Tumoursof the vagina,
-Vol. uterus, placenta and oviduct. In
I, Part 2, InternationaL AgeneyPathology oi Tumoursin Laboratory Animals.
for Researchon Cancer, Lyon, L976, pp 151-185.
W e i s s , S . l t{., L a n g l o sS ,J. M., and Enzinger , F. M .: Lab. Invest. 49( 3)z
299-78, L98t.
Case III
- 10419-84 (AFIP I946t96
2 kodachromeslides included
. u.ssue rrom a l-year-o1d temale domestlc shotthair ca .
The cat was
as a kitten from the Humane
obta
Society. At 6 monthsof age it was taken to
the veterinarian to be spayed. The cat was ieteric and the veterinarian refused to
spay the cat. Six monthslater it began losing weight and was still jaundiced.
The owners refused treatment and the cat was killed.
GqossPatholggy. The liver showedmicronoduLarcirrhosis in alL lobes, with
broaffirfacesofsome1obes.Thehi1usofthe1iverwasfibrosedto
the pancreas and the duodenum. Common
bile duct and all extrahepatic bile ducts
showedmarkeddilation with very thin walls.
:.
f?boTatory Results. Lab resul_ts at time of euthanasia:
ffirase
IzI5 U/L (25-7s)
Alkaline phosphatase
379 U/L (8-94)
Total bilirubin
12.5 ng/dl (0.0-0.7)
RtsC
T.TIxIOo
r{Bc
11.5x101(55 segs, 31 lynphs, I mono,j eos)
Contributorts Diagnosis & Comment. The tissue rvascharacterized
p s e u i z e . - i n " p . " , d o I o b u 1 e s w e r e i s o ] . a by
t e d a n d
surrounded-by thick scar tissue septae. Small bile ducts permeatedall septat.
This. pathology is characteristic.of biliary cirrhosis.
In this cat the
cj.rrhosis was secondary to chronic extrahepatic bile duct obsiru"iion.- biliary
i[E-".r""
of the extensive fibroiis around the commonoi.fe duct, duodenumand pancreas
could
not be detennined at necropsy.
Tissue sections stained with rubeanic acid revealed nLrneroushepatocytes
with
copper-containing granules. Atomic.absorption
- analysi.
a
copper
1evel
of
2,500.parts per million
-ofwqlolt oasis. This varue""u"ii.d
is-comparedto a normaL
9? dry
hepatic copper concentration
60:70 ppr-OW(Center, Baldwin, King et aI.r l9g3).
The exeess copper is secondaryto chronic bile duct obstruction.
AFIP Diagnosis. Cirrhosis, diffuse, severe, liver, domestic shorthair, felineConferenceNote. Although conferenee participants were in agreenent that the
1ivefficirrhotIc,therewasdiscussionaboutthepatternof
The nodules of hepatocytes rarely contain either a central vein or any
cirrhosis.
portal structures. Sonreparticipants thought the nodules are being so severely
constricted by the encircling fibrous eonnective tissue bands that the central- vein
is obscured by compression. Others thought the nodules h,erepurely regenerative
and would therefore contain no preexisting structures.
The Departmentof Hepatic Pathology diagnosedmicronodular biliary type
cirrhosis.
They cornmented
that the lesions do not represent rrreverse lobulationtt
(centraL to central linkage, characteristic of congestive cardiac cirrhosis).
The
disease process started as and has progressed beyondportal fibrosis and bridging.
Basedupon guidelines set by Anthony, et al. (1978), the nodules present in the
micronodular pattern of cirrhosis are l-ess than f mmin diameter, are regular in
size rel.ative to'one another, generally lack any normal anatomical reLationships,
and are seen rel.atively early in the course of the disease. Etiologies of this
type of cirrhosis include biliary obstruction, alcoholism, and hemochromatosis.
0ther patterns of cirrhosis are macronodularand mixed.
Cholestatic hepatic diseases in the cat inctude neoplastic, parasitic and
infectious conditions, cholelithiasis, congenitaL malformations, hepatic lipidosis,
3lq_? poorly defined iyndromeof cholingiofiepatitis (Center, Baidwin, Kingr-Ji at.'
l-ggv).
Contributor.- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia,
uiss6liiffi57TF
Suqoestedreadi.no.
G . , N a ypaakth, .N . C . e t a 1 . : T h e m o r p h o 1 o g y o f
c ir r h@o sai ks ., [ : J.
Clin.
1 1 : t9 5- 4l4r ' 1979.
centerr
s.
A.,
Baldwin,
B. H., King, J. M.: Hematologicand biochemical
.
abnormalities associated with induced extrahepatic bile dlct obstruction in the
cat. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44(10): 1822-1829,1983.
H i . r s c h , V . ||::.a n g _ ? o i .g ec.
, E.: suppur ativechor angitis in cats. J. A m . v et.
Med. Assoc. 182(11): 1227-1226,L9B3
, Luc_ke,V, -M.r.and_Davies,J. D.: Progressive lymphocytic cholangitis in the
cat. J. Small Anim. Pract. 25: 249-260, fgeA.
. -Prasse, {. w.., Mahaffey, E. A., DeNovo,R. et al.: chronj.c lymphocytic
cholangitis in three cats. Vet. path. 19: 99-IOg, I9g2.
-^ ^ . $ c n q l d s o n , D . C .: S cl e ro si ng cholangitis in' a cat. J. Am . Vet. M ed.As s oc .
Ie2(7): 7IO-7I2, 1983.
strome!'er, F. 1r,., and rshak, K. G.: Nodular transformation (nodurar
^.
frregenerativerrhyperplasia)
of the liver.
Humanpath. l2(I): 60-7I, l9gl.
5
Case IV - HLA-I (nffP 1899158).
eek-o1dfemaIeCD-1mousewhichwasacontro1from
a chronic dietary study found dead.at 88 weeks.
Gross Pathology. A 1.8 x 1.6 x 1.2 cm massinvolved the muscle and surrounding
tissffiide
of the head.
qo$ffDutorrs
Diagnosis & Comment. Hardian gland carcinoma.
This Harderian gland carcinoma had invaded the brain.
In this 2-year chronic study, eyes examined from terminally sacrificed control
animals demonstrated the following incidence of Harderian gland neoplasms.
MaIe
Female
Nunber of animaLs with eyes examined
3I
4T
Harderian gland adenoma
2 (6.4%)
2 (4.e%)
Harderian gland carcinoma
(
0
%
)
0
r (2.4%)
AFIP Diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma,Harderian gland, head, CD-1 mouse,rodent.
Conference rycle-1 The Harderian gland is a horseshoe-shapedlobulated
tubuffia1g1and1ocatedwithintheorbit.T['g1andhasasingle
excretory duct which opens at the base of the nictitating nrembrane.Spontaneous
neoplasmsof this gland have been reported as incidental-findings in mice, rats,
hamsters and rabbits. UntiL recently the function of the gland was thougnt to 6e
the production of oily secretion that lubricates the surfaie of tne eve-inJ
nictitating membrane. Recent findings suggest a link betweenthis gilno-jno a
retinal-pineal-gonadal axis which may inOiiate the Harderian gland is a source of
pheromones(Foster, Small, Fox, IggZ).
The Harderian gland can be identified by the presence of porphyrins and both
normal and neoplastic ceLls contain charactLristi'c cytoplaimil-fipiO
OropfJti.
WeLl-circr.mscribed adenomasare more common,accounting for 5-6% of
spontaneous
tumors of mice, while the adenocarcinomas
account for about 1%.
Contributor.
virsTfrTaZTeO:-
Hazleton Laboratories, Inc., 9200LeesburgTurnpike, Vienna,
Suggested-reading.
HorJ-andrJ. M., and-Fry, J: M.:
The Harderian gland. rn The
'
Mousein
BiomedicalResearch,^Vor.iV, Academic
Fress,-liaar-iiiz-izr
sheldon, w. G., curt.is,
neoplasms j.n mice.
primary Harderian gland
M . , K o d e J - l ,R . L . . a
el.:_
J. Nati. Cincer rnlt. zfifj:
5I_68, I;iBt-.'
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Department of Veterinary pathoi6gy
6
Results
AFIP Wednesday
Slide Conference- No.
Ll March1985
ConferenceModerators: COLGeorgeD. Imes, Jr.
LTCJohn M. Pletcher
I'lashington, DC 20306
Case I -
Nguni bull (bovine). Tv{oout of ten
Repeatedskin scrapings at
for parasites. l{eekly dipping ceasedI weeki prioe
no effect on the skin lesions.
had alopecia with chronic skin lesions.
Gross Patholegp
lesions v/ere chronie in nature.
There was thickening
of
.The
r'ne-sKln wltn dry g.c?ly
areas of alopecia, especially aroundeyes, dewlap,
forelegs, .fJ.anks,thighs and the escutcne6n
area. AiopeciawJi ress-mai[60over
the shoulder area but the skin was also dry, scaly, and thickened. The nasal
mucosacontained numelousI/2 nn diameter tysts thit were easiJ.y visibLe io the
naked eye and easily palpable inside the no3tril.
Contributorts Diaqnosis & Cornrnqq!.Dermatitis, nonsuppurative
p r o t " ; ; i ; ; - i r . i n , o o v i n l i _ _ a e l n o i t i a ' b e s with
n o inr.nerous
t i .
-B- e s n o i t i a be sn 9 i l i .i :l .cyst-fo rmingspgiozoan.withaz- nffi
causes a cnronic'
.debilitatj.ng, and occasionalJ.yfataL disease in cattll, horses,
and bunos. The disease
has 6oth cutaneousand"systemii-maniieitations.' naOOits
are experimentalJ.y susceptible, and simiLar organisms have been seen in blue
wildebeest, inpala, and kudu.
l{hen an intermediate host ingests the oocysts, the organisms invade numelous
cell types producing tachyzoites that invade iior6otasts ino-produce large
that are filled with nr.rmerous
bradyzoites. The cyst has an atellular *aii "yri.
encapsulatedby- dense fibmus connbctive tissue and it contains fibroblasts wnicn is
have been greatly expandedby proliferating bradyzoites. r'rucfei of these that
fibroblasts are m9v9.dto the periphery or ine ceil wheri tn"v-."e flattered
and
cornpressedagainst the inner surface of the acellular wall oi ine cyst.
. . Grossl'y skin. invaded-by these cysts appears thj.ckenedand rugose, and the cysts
IFgn-may bg-up to 2 rrn in-diameter'are eiiily reen with the naked eye.
Histologigally nunerous
spherical pqsnoit& lggpiti
present in the
cysts
d e r m i s * ' h i c h i s u s u a 1 ] . y}"ryg
i n f i 1 t r b t e o w i t n f f i # t ; ; y c e I 1 s w h i 1 e t h e are
epidermisis moderatelythickenedandsomelrhat
hyperkeratotie.
AFIP Diaonot+.
Dermatitis,. granulomatous,diffuse, mild to mocterate,with
::sffi::}}:i:i-pr6t5zoarcysti,ixin,Nguni,bovine,etioIogycompatible with Besnoitia spp.
Confqrence\qte. In somehistologic sections, there is follicular keratosis
witffifintrafo11icu1aibacteria.Someparticipantsnoteds1ight
thickening of the epidermis due to mild hyperkeratosis. Speciil stains demonitrate
that the thick hyaline walls of the protoibal cysts are composed
of fibrous
connective tissue. The walls stain weakly with PASand the bradyzoites within the
cysts are strongly pAS positive.
Somefacets of the ]ife cycle of Eqsloitia spp. are stil] unelear. The
conference moderators have had someefFffifidd wiin besnoitiosis as an endemic
disease in native African cattle. The disease there is serious ano has warranted
the- developmentof a vaccine. In_one early cycle of the disease,
-it tachyzoites
-vf'--esev
4 ' r ' r v - L endothelial
E r r u L r L r r s r r - c J . cells
u c J , r s Imuch
n u c r l Irike
J . . K e sarcocvsris
>alcaglsx'fg
,pp.;
S
pp.;
:,:?1i"?:"-il_l?:t
it
pnase
phase
is
i S tnii
this
-oi-f[J-6i;;;;;.--fi
]::.|-:::.::?:*T9yi!h^::Y?Ieq1l?i:lt.signs@iiy-!li!.r..l,ano-s["uiuo"'
debilitat:.nd
rorm
il;"-;;;;;
:::-:!?n^::?l:?:^!?^t!:.:1"9!1?,
participants noted small intracelluiar--ysts in dermafoiool"u".!!f!l-='
several
possibly within
possibly
within endothelial
endothetiat ce1ls.
(fg8ij ."d Kreier Cfinj fist
ce1ts. _A]though
Aj.thouoh Souisby
-p.itii!.p""t
!"irJlii"iJ'*"inli
cats alone couJd support the widespFeaE-6tiEfrF'dl;;;;;-5"rr'-ir
speculated that other animals might serve ii oerinitive hosts
r a 5 r
- 1
- t r
Contributor-
-
-
Veterinary ResearchInstitute,
Africa.
as weII.
rt was
onderstepoort, South Africa.
luggested readinq.
uneema'A' H., and Toofanian,
Besnoitiosis in wild and domesticgoats in
Iran. CorneLl Vei. 69: 159_l5g -l::
r'1979.
..Frenkelr. J. K.: Besnoitia waLlacei of cats and rodents: lrlith a recLassifi-
cationofothercyst-ffi"o""iji".J.Parasitor.el(+ji-iii-eze,
L9T/.
Kreier, J. P. (Ed.): Parasitic Protozoa, Vol. IIr.
Academicpress, IgT7,
pp L94-n2.
soulsby, E'J'L. (Ed.): Helminthsr
and protozoa of Domesticated
Animats. Lea & Febiser, phitaoet;;i;; frthropods
lil;;;
686_688.
Temell, T' G., ind-stookev, J. L,: aJinSltia
oennitti in two Mexicanburros.
Vet. Path. t0: I77-IA4, Ig7t.
CaseII - V8/.754 (1947839).
-,-ye.tI.-oJ.omaIeArr1canJ-ion(Panthera1eo).Four
oavslffito
this inimali i6r[n he wasnoiiceo io o"-oir
his death the animaJ'was oosJiveo to be
oepreJseoand dyspneic.
day whenhe was imnrobilizeO ior examination.
Gross Patholggg
y before
He died the next
l4arked
icterus and moderategenerarized muscre atrophy
were
evioffi"'o*i-oF-creiiv.rr"--iiiio.*".presentinthethoracicanct
abdominal
cavities. Theliver wasmoder"iery-i"of;;
ffi-*Jj 6ro*n with a fire
yellow
reticulated pattern evident throughout
ir," parenchyma. The lungs were
moderately reddened and *ere ii"ter than
no*"i.
Nunnerous
r.-2 mmin dianeter dark
throulnoul
fi3"1;:i ;iffi ;liffint
tnep.iun.nv'a'or
iri-iuns-iools.rhespreen
was
Laboratory ResuLts. A CBCwas done on a blood sampledrawn just prior to the
animaLrsdeath. Thg results were as follows:
WBC= 11.0 x 10: WBC/u1
= 8.3 g/dI
Hemoglobih
Hct = 27.22(
Segmentedneutrophils 74%
Band neutrophils 57%
Lymphocytes7X
t'tonocytes 2X
P1atel.etestimate - 1-I per o.i.f. (low)
Contributorts Diagnoges& Conrnent. 1) Acute interstitial
and microfocal
p y o g o c a 1 p u 1 m o n a l y h e m o r r h i g J . - i l - i u o i c J [ e
focaL grqrylcmtous and necrotizing hepatitis. Etioiogy--Sah6nella sp. (Group
- -- D).
Our differential
diagnosis after microscopic examiiiti6?i-6TTfitiisues
included Flpr.toxoplasmosi.s, and systemic salmonellosis. Tests on an antemortem
:?rm sample (collecteg jyst prior to the animals death) and an untixeJ poiiro**
liver specimenrevealed the fo[owino:
Fd-V test - negative
FIP titer - negative
Toxoplasmosistiter - neoatj.ve
globulin (gamma
gtob. = 2 . I g / d l )
F"*.eJ.ectrophorys+: - ilifOfy elevated gamma
Aerobic culture of liver - saimonella sp] isorilea.
The sarmonella was
nonmotile and thus could nET-Effityped.
AFrP Diaonoses. 1) Pner.rmonia,
interstitial,
severe,
w i t h f f i o i i s J n o i e m o r r n a g e , 1 u n g , A f r i c a n 1 i o n , P_pyogranulomatous,
a n t h e r a ] . e o ' f e 1 i ndiffuse,
e.
2) Hepatitis, necrosranuromatous,
murliioEafi'roo"".te,riverjffig#i.iiii
Iipoidal charpe, hefatocellularr'centroloourir
canalicular bile stasis, liver.
.no
to diffuse, mird to moderate, wj.th
ConferenceNe!9. In the lung and especially
are
p r e s f f i " , n * . " o J s - n u c 1 e a t b a r e o b 1 o o d c e ] - ] . s a l ethe
p r eliver,
s e n t a 1megakaryocytes
ongwith
other erythrocyte precursols, indicativ" or-""t"amedullary
hematopoiesis.
Hyperprasia of t{p:,
pneurn6cytes
p"""eni
is
oitrusery
throughout
the lung. gne
T
participant noted that
hyperprisia of Lhese
armolt
;i;;i;
accanpanies
interstitial
pneurnonia. Focir-oiscrete i"i"i-or
""ur pulmonary fremorrhageand necrosis
arc suggestive of microinfarcts; some.participants
thronbi within septal capiJ-J-aries. wilnin tni-river,reported seeing fibrirpus
necrosis of heoatocytes leaves hepatic coroi Jisrupteo.degeneration and piecenreal
An occasional mitotic
figure is seen'in hLpatoivlei-inoic.t_inl-io-r*l
participants that a substantial
amountof necrosis has taken place. naioomn"pitic
in this ease
werenot thougFrt^by
tfih;il-noilr.r.
inanyparticipants to ?" !vpi".i ";;ilg;;rior*
rn some
species, calves for inslahce, these hepatic
morethan foci of coagulativenecrosis'in r6iions oi'sarmoneriosismaybe nothing
J"gJii;il"lln ort"n i,e se"n.
"nicn-in"
Althoughsalg}]g.l?p:_1""
invasive, the invasion is superficiar and is
followed by mdtlpffiEion and production'of
enterotoxins. Thesetoxins are
similar to the enterotoxinsprobucedby r. -coii-and
Vibrio choleraein that thev
stimul'ate intestina] cryp! cblt JoenviltF"ffi.e
wnIc-hEsdTffi-excessive
secretion into
the l*nen'leading
to iiarrn"i
ano dehydration (Greene, 1gg4).
. - +ptic pulmonarythrombophlebitis, which mayhave been present in the J.ung of
this lion, has been reported and is evidently a'feature of S. enteritidis infection
of hamsters (Innes, frrilson, Ross, L956)
Contributor.
NewMexico Veterinary
Diagnostic Services, 700 Caminode Saluct,
Albu@Tqre--reil Mexico ezioe.
ffixtbook
of Microbiology.
Chapt 19, 1,i,.B. Saundets Co. , L9gS,
pp 464477.
G r e e n e , C . E . : clinical Microbiolggy ano rnfectious
Diseases of the Dog and
Cat. Chapt ,8, y{. B, SaundersCo., L994, pp 6I7-62j.
- _ I n n e s , J . R . M . , wiJ'son, !.r and Rogsr'M. A.: Epizootic Sarmonerraenteritidis
infection causino septic pulrnonary
phle6othrombosi!in n.r.'ffi
98t I77-I4I,
L952.
-oi'p"ot;i"-;y;in".i!
c. w. et ar.: pathogenesis
- Kgo,f.g.w., Petersol,J: wrr.Houston,
of
experimentar
"L'i'
salmonellosii: rnni6ition
eyrotoxin. rnrect.
& Immun.4r(l): 93-100,J99,4.
Timoney,J- F:t-Neibertr_H.c., andseott, F. y{.: Ferine
sarmonellosis.
cornell Vet. 5Bt Zit-ztg, t9tA.
h-old Hereford x Friesian steer, bovj.ne.
The
-silih
O.g"1
grazing
an
irrigated oT:,ifu
tl,,l?lio.,:i::i
district o'riw !r9- t;i:3Tiiifrn.l,i:"iffl:i.
As the subject animal :::.:L1:
*as-iornO
dead, no clinical.
mob
S
signs were obseived.
rhe autopsywas
W ,e.*q,,
u"tffio,ffi".F:iiiil'x3i%::T3,"}::?,?::?T|I^:::-:?::gi!!i"g
usDu',€s Ene rorJ.ory_lng;
m a t e r i a 1 a b o u t t h e m o u t h a n o - i i i e r n a 1 n a r e s ^ n n n nbody
c c } i ncondition,
n a f a r l l r a . . } -bl.bod_stai*e_i;i;;
-^
_9999
rrver ano severely
enrarged
iEil::t3::H3"o3lo;,$i*tT$^.tHm
congestedpurpv ,pr."n-.itn-i,iJi",l,
:!l:;i:li:ffii#,
i:
ic fhaemomhages.
:";:fff :;:il":
"t3
Laboratorv
ffig]$:.^rrpression
smearsof the spreen, whenstained with
::*lffi.ffiEi;,.fi$;':'"5!"uri[i;;d;;;;s*itni-riorpnorogy
z)
rsD
t
.ffF:h,
B?cittusanthracisihfection.
ll^*tt*ernic
snleffiil;;
*:!:l-i:t ':
"*nY*:?l'?I'
;:"'lij;r.fl.
31,
f::::
iili61"d#;i:
ri:gjffi
"
"::g'|lrii_
[.?:";
F"illl'i;,t
Ilitr
hwa]es
:i;",t*,'-#i*i: l::F:li.*fi
3:.
H.'3$frl3*,il,o*
;;:"lilH":'iln"H:"T::
::ilr;ii;i=,
_.4.liJ;d;Eff ^533,'
*
iR
3ll,i:s
3*Ti,3"j!.:ffH
:.1::i
"::ll**"
li;;
;n::*:*ii:""
"+il"iii:]EH.lniii
"
3"il#Tl',:lj,ilTi:ffif
:;i;.,i.8i3",;.iliilllil,
i:r_i:{1.::!,
r
oir.i
:.
;i"lli"li::i:;"trI*Bi:ii ffi ;; J;=":"ruil"l:
I;T,ll,
XIT:I
I"iliT::,
rn the present
case the
and spleen containednunerousseptic
consisting of large bacitli river,
enboli
*iin,
ttrncaleo
enos, oigprayingno sporulation
often occurtino :'i cnains.- iiltn""
ard
periacinar con!estio^-i^-in.'iiu.", "uii"i";';;'septicefriJ-*rJ providedby mild
severecongestio"-"ô-n"ii"ln"g.
in the spreen,
hepatic neutrophilia, selous hepatitis and fibrin
the liver and spleen.
thrombi in the sinusoids of both
Two characteristics of Bacilus anthracis favor pathogenicity. The
capsule,
whosemajorcomponent.isp@1ocksthehost'sdLfensesby
preventing phagocytosis. rn- iodition, the'bicteria
elaboratJ a toxin with three
components,factots I, II, and III, which increases
capiJ.Iary perneability and
presumablyinitiated intrivascular'coaguraiion
in tni.'caiJ.
the diseaser.systemic effeets of the t5xin ire teut<ocytosis Late in the course of
and increases in brood
potassiurn' chloride and phosphatetogeihJi
*iin nvpogiv.Jri.-and rowering of brood
sodiurn,calcium and cholinesterase.
1) conges!+gl, diffuse, severe, with rymphoidnecrosis
*^-.RoiaglgsP-.
and
nemormage,and myriads of bacillir,spleenr'.nolstein
rresia'n'l"orr,
bovine.
2) Thrombosis,muitifocal, drg: *itn-mviiios-or
bacilli, liverl
etiolosy--compatibre
witn'eaciiiui inthi,llil]
conference+!3
rt was.generally agreed that the presence of 'red
blood eells
int ff i p y b w n i E n su ri o L n o i -" " n t" " 1 a rter io]esconstitutes
hemorrhage. Differeniialio;-;f
anthrax-ha-irii tro*-posirJitJ,
conraminants (orten
spp.)
pose
can
prooiem-irtn"rgh-ine
a
9rgs-trioiS
contamj.nants
are
said to be
rarger' pfurperr and more robust. Anthrax-bacili-"re
rrbox-ear-shapedi
;I;;o
be
squared
baeiLli, iiinougn in tiiCue-lections thail
Jnos *.y be roundecr.
Due to the presence of nunerous intrasinu"Jio.r
fibrinouJ-inioroi,
participants
speculated that disseminatedintravascuLar-coigufopathy
(DIC) may have played a
major rore in this animalrs-dJath. scii[ireo-inflanrmatory
ceJ.ls in the liver were
considered norrnaLbackgrounO-ior the bovin€. The three fragrnentsof the.anthrax
toxin alluded,to.by the eontributor, are
aLsoknown
as edetra
factor ierl, p"oiJ.iiu".ii_ig"n
factor (LF);
noneis toxic aLone. rt hasr!6ehtrv oJ.n-.no*-that
It!,-.nJ-r.tnrr
F'i; in aoenylatecycrase
wFtichis activated whenit-enlers tnl
eutarvoti.
cer].. A proposedmodelenvisions
PAreacting with nost celi receptors
causin6-cn.ng".
(perhapsaposteric) wfrich
all'owEF and LF to enter [n.-".iil-'r;-il;"Eyiopri*
with a heat-stabte
subsia;;;,-;lF.bil ;;;riJoi;*i".- er'-ir-Ictivateo whenit reacts
cvcrlI-Rup
ro"*d by the
activatedEFleads,to the roirltou.(Freeman,
of
the
disease
1985): r!-niJ-u""n'iostulet"o-tn.tleath
"6sponJ"-Inaracteristic
distress resulting trom filil ioss into tne-iuig, ii iiirioutaue to respiratory
andto circuiatory emba*assment
ctueto pressurefiom fruiJ-iosi intJ ine-*oiJ*lnrr-Cii=Jiil-iseal.
toxin differs rrcrnenterotoxins_orcnored-i-;gtt;
rhe anthrax
;il-Ieiil?fu
nost cell' cvclase, in that
which
activate
toxin-ei G iGir-.-"ffi.
virulerce,
in
"ntn""r
oraslutamyl
;3fi;#i'j: ::;il;:;#iij{ff}r t,':i,1,s"?F33ili^
:l;li, itffi".,on
rncubator areas for anthrax
are regions with alkaline
levers causedbv decavingu.se[.t6;;d"i"ro-Ji"l;;l;;IJ]3
soil,
high nitroqen
or r5.5oc.- Dwarr
and possibly otFrer swine-navE-.n
,nr"ual and birective;";;;;;-mechanism
the spores of B'-ânllracig in inat
spores do not readily germinate and against
creared from tEEsEf,iTmTrE' even rorio*ing-i-"!iu"
are rapidry
cha*enge (warker, 1967).
contributor'- Regional u"a"li:1ly..Laborat9ry,
-w"gga
Newsouth wales Departrent of
AgriEEr@Fitrvate-laiii-a"i,
fvagga,Ns,, 2650, Austraria.
Suggestedreading.
EzzeIL, J. t{., Iv5.ns, B. E., and Leppla, S. H.: Immunoelectrophotetic
analysisr_toxiclty, and kinetics of in vitro production of the protective antigen
and lethal factor componentsof Bacillus anthracis toxin. Infect. & Irmun. 45(t).
76I-767, 1984.
_fregl1n' B. A.: Textbookof Microbiology. Chapt27, W. B. SaundersCo., 1985,
pp 564-57O.
proc.
.. . Nungeiler, ri. J. (chairman):proc. of the conf. on progress in the
understanding_ofAnthrax. Fed.
26(5): 1485-1571,1967.
OrBrien, J., FriedJ.ander,A., Dreier, T. et aI. : Effects of anthrax of toxin
componentson humanneutrophils. Infect. & Immun.47(I)z 1lO6_1]0,1995.
van.Ness, G. 8..r.- Ecology of anthrax. science r72: Ljol-Eo7: rg7r.
R. E. et al.: A unique
defensemechanism
-frlalker, J. s., Klein, F., Lincoln,-swine.
'91(6):
against anthrax demonstratedin dwarf
J.. Bacteriol.
zojvioiir'Lsgz.
Young_t.i:B::, Epizootic of anthrax in Falls county, Texas. J. Am. Vet. Med.
Assoc. I67(9)t 842-843, 1975.
CaseIV - RW|4-B
8-84 ( AFI? 1947392). (1 kodachrolrle
slide included).
nJ.srory.
tlssue
sue llom an
r, feline.
cat waspresentedto the tre
treating clinic becauseof a prolonged digestive
disturbance.
The
Gross Pathq*g9y.
livet was tan colored,
d i f f f f i T h e a b d o m i n a r*The
r y m | h - ; ; ; ; w e r e e n ] . a r g e d . Tslightly
h e 1 y m penJ.arged
h n o d e s hand
a d was
muJ'tifocal white areasr which wnencut'were firmer
than tfie-surounding tissue.
Laboratory Results.
@4%;Bun*:-11omg;Creatin}?";Tota1protein-7.3;
- 2.er; scor -'r15; sGpr- iig;-cioourin'_ i:it
Atbumin
F"L"rx_ Nesative.
Bile duct carcinoma, liver, domestic
,no"
Bile duct carcinoma (cholangiocellular
tLrnor in both
manand domestic anj'mals. rn t6e-ferine,-it-i!carcinoma) is an unconrnon
consiaereo to be a rel.ativeLy rare
tumor' rn one studv (Patnaik, riz:i-spa'ining-"rJy;-;;;;;
iio'r,t+s necmpsies, no
:$:iffifi::T"f:T"srl;fin6'".
werereporfed
altholsh-tJxlranepatic
oiii-Juct
AFrPDiaonosis' cholangiocarcinoma,
liver, domesticshorthair, feline.
conference
a n o @ c o n s t r i cH*F.*
t e 9 b yIl^:r?:-unaffecreg
" n . i " . i i n f o a n o s o f f oy
i b rrhe.
o u sneoplalmr
c o n n e c t ithe
v e liver is cirrhotic
tissue' rn sqneloblJ'es,-."i;;;]
while absentin others.
variablv-sized lymphoid-iniirirates"3i"r".i"'i"3r"nt,
piJs5ni
are
portal
in
areas and bile duct
proliferation is-diffuse.
;;;; participani"-tnorght that these resions
compatibrewith the seconoor inirJ
were
;i;;; oi .r''"oni9 ryrpf,g.ytic chotangitis
cats as describedby prasie,-urn-iiev,-dIrurrol".t
of
.t. in r9g2.
Additionallv' a bile duct papillary
cystadenoma
is present in mostsections.
Participants soliuuieo-tili'tfr.
oiseiSe-1.;T;;-cat
progressedfrorn
cirrhosis' which stimulaieJ-oii.
ouct piorireriiion, to cystadJnomachor.ansitisor
and eventuarly
to. choLangiocareinoma. C"f:., lining
the cystadenomado not pile up and their
mitotic rate is Low in contrast to surrounbing carcinomatouscells'which are
rapidly dividing and piling up in someplacesl
Itlhile neoplasmsof the biliary tree are rare in manand domestic animals,
carcinomasof both the intra- and-extrahepatic biliary tiei nave OeenrJpoii6O
in
the cat. Interestiplyt
clonorchio infeciion of tne 6iuary iract of manis
associated with
incidence of neoplasia of that tissul.
Clonorchis
3 1high
hasa1sobeenre
a t e d w i t h b i t . i a r y n e o p 1 a s i a i n t h e o o g - i n J c ' t f f i i . . ' i n g infection
r'
causaLagent responsible for tumoiigenesis in three different rp"Ji-i-tla"rft"",
r97g).
Contributor. Divisionôf Pathology, FFF-100,Center for Food
ApplEti'ifuTffil-on, FDA, 200-c street s.w., washington, DC zozo4. Safety and
Susqestgdreaging.
tsarsantir
.
i: A.,r Higginsr R. Jlr Spano,J. s. et al.: Adenocarcinoma
of the
extrahepatic bile duct in a iat. J. smau'Anim. pract.
17:
ii,9-6o5,
1976.
Itloulton, J. E. (Ed.): Turnorsin Domeiti"-A'niriir. ini
io., university of
California press, Ig7g, pp Z7g_iAI.
P a t n a i k , A . K ., L i u ,
K .,_ fyTyit4r A. r . et ar .: Nonhematopoietic
neop r as m s
in c_ats. J. Natl Cancei:Inst.'54(4): eis_eeo',\975.
P a t n a i k , A . K :,.H u rvi tzr_ 4 .
..--", G. F.: canine bir .e duct
T j ,' 9no- 5d;;;";
carcinsna. Vet. pith. Iaz +lg_+44',
I9gI.Prasse, K. w,., Mahaffey,E. n., oeNouo, et
ar. : chronic rymphocytic
_8.
cholangitis in thiee cats. 'Vet. pitn. p;gg-to|,
r9gz.
.
DAVIDL. FRITZ,V.M .D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoor
Departmentof Veteriniry eathoi6gy
ResuLts
AFIP f{ednesday Slide Conference - No. 25
20 March 1985
Charles G. McLeod, Jr.
LTC, VC, USA
Diplornate AC!tr
Cligf, Conparative pathology
of chemical Defense
!i Amv Medical Research lnstitute
Aberdeen proving Ground, Edgewood, MD ZIOI0
e rtom a five-rrDnth-old lamb. This clinically
and passed the routine antemorteminspection.'
normal lamb was
GrossPatholggL_ Postmortem
examinationrevealed
papules, 3-5 rm in
d i a @ u e . N o o t h e r g r o s s a b n o r m a 1 i t i e s w e r e d e t e eseveraL
ted.
Contributorts
SubacutemuLtifocal glossitis
lial pustules, bacteiial
witl'i
Etiologyr.pox virus with secondary bacterial infeetion.
Nane Of
of. disease;
disease: eontaninrre
contagiouscafhrrrne
ecthyma.
IflF
-$F
mostcmmonty
onrhefeet andlips
H::"pLl":+g'j1,.:o?!.gi:u:_:?t!I1?-occul
-#;#!il5:;ffi
ildilJ'i"li"i!'i"fii,iffi
:
f,lj"St.;gl*:o.
?::H.
::^1ry^:rl":i:41i.
;::*I#ri,
Hfl
.f m"5*,
:l^:r::ry*1.
il":!::i:*{.
_f t_iq+yil;i
qi$;*"fi#Aii=iillJi"ffllii;"iil
i::rH..S
Xl**1"
Lesions
of contasious
"::l_:F:i:
ec*ryra-;;; fiil;;;i!ii..
AFIP Diaonosgs., r) Grossitis, pustular, erosiver_?cu!e,
mur.tifocar, seveDe,
witnffiooningoegJneialionano'eolinopnilicintracytop1asmicirclusion
bodies, tongue, oI9:9 r-nsFeciFied, ovine;
with parapoxvirus.
2) Sarcocysts, multlfocal., intiamuscuiai, tJngu".
"tioiogy-conpatible
conference
noted baeterial colonies superficially
!9I9i,e3r!.rcioants
tongmrnr<tniv-*ereassqciaieo-withfi;"fiii"#5lo"yresponse.
on the
The differential-diagnosis oisto on tne-[i"top"tnorogy
alone inctuded
arrd
mouthdisease,
pox, and ullerative dermatosis. Thefoot
sheep
?lf
.ionguer.
severe
proliferative responseirriln sombtimeirciurts-in
.n exophytic lesion can serve to
differentiate contagiousecthymafrom othe"-0i"""."s,
case' Preserceof intracytopiasmic inciuiion-oioi""'ii but is not evident in this
this disease since they aie irien.transient; in-contrast,not-a"reriabLe featr.'e of
inclusion boctiesare
reliably fourrd in shaei pox. lisioni oi-oi]e-Iongue
are
often
angiocentric crre to
the predirection of thlt'virus-ior endotheliir-""irs.
cunicariy,
brue tongrc and
sfeeppoxare usuallyaccunpanied
by a;Griltsigniq-disease,w,l-rire
contagious
ecthymararery is. intereslingiy, iorostrar-lniioooi.,
pJotqctiver_and the
diseaseis conunonly
seenin failOi'in their.""onO weekof"""-,iot
life.
p"rr€#onffi,
[:*T::illof."tn
Animal
p.0. Box1654,
r{ealthLaborarory,
Suooested readino.
ffitits,o.M.,andHenderson,J.A.:VeterinaryMedicire'6th
Tindal.l, 198t, pp 837-8V8.
Ed., Baillieri
Dieterich, R. A., Spencer, G. R., Burger, D. et al..: Contagious ecthyma in
Alaskan musk-oxen and Dall sheep. J. Am. Vet. f4ed. Assoc. L79(11)': 1140-114r, 1981.
trickson, G. A., Carbrey, E. A., and Gustafson, G. A.: Generalized contaaious
ecthyma in a sheep rancher: Diagnostic considerations.
J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
I66(t): 262-263, 1975.
Jensen, Rue, and Swift, B. L.:
Diseases of Sheep, 2nd Ed., Lea & Febiger,
1982, pp 109-11I.
JtJbb, K. V., and Kennedy, P. C.: PathoLogyof Domestic Anima1s, Vol. 2,
Academic Press, L97O, pp 595-596.
Lance, l{., Adrian, Vrl., and Widhalm, B. : An epizootic of contagious ecthyma in
Rocky llountain Bighorn sheep in Colorado. J. Wldlife Dis. 17(4): 601-501, l8l.
Case II - 81-I995A, 8i.-1.9
81-1995C(AFIP L947250). (I EM
re Angora
goat.
ing an experimental procedute.
a
Gross Patholggy: _Numerous_
gray-white lobular masseswere found thrurgrhouttfte
1ive@5cm1obu]'irmassprotrudedfrcrntheserosa1sr-atace-of_the
abomasun.The cut surface of the abomasalmassrevealed several rpchrleswith
necrotic and ligfttJ.y-mineralized centers extending fron the mrcosal s.lrface through
tfe serosa. In the liver, I?lg"t, necrotic and civj.tated massesvarying imrn +-to
8 cmin dianeter, srnalJ.er'solidmisses, ranging fqon 0.5 ti t.A g|nweBeobseled.
Cmtr
rsD
& Corment. Gastric careinoidr.abomastrnwith frepatic
l"leoplastic cells in both the abqnasumand liver were identical.
lr€tastatic
sites in the liver differed only in that minerilization *is-no[ seen in
arees of
necrosis. Diagnosis was based 6n the characteriiiielign[-ricroscopic
appJiiance
i
of the tumor and the uLtrasturctural findings oi Gnse-ili#ti;piaimic------membrane-bound
secretory granules in tumor 6e[s.
AFrP Diagnosis.
Marignant neoplasm, abomasun,Argora, caprine.
conference No!e.. The differential
diagnosis incLuded
gnanrlotras,
c a r c f f i . = " o o * " . T h e m o d e i " i o " , w h o c o n t r i o u i i o t h i s c a s e , scoaleseirg
howed
a section of liver to which the_neoplasmhaJ-mEiastasized
fotmirg ribbons,
papit'lary' all solid patterns of
iirr.";;;-;r''
srbwth.
ihf!o-,.sal
rrass
revealed smarl nests of cerls witfr wnat ad;arca to be *gy;dhypic
gnarules
however,.si.nee tneiE-n"it.- *""" aoiilenl lo
lilnl.the-cytopJasml
of
carcification'
the stain was ieemedequivocal. Trre uLtriJiir.rctural areas
features of the
neoplasticc€lIs' as.seen
by the.erec[mnpnotonnicrofifi;';;il"Lt considered
by
participants to be.diagnostic; the urtra.Ltu"ir"ir
;;tili"gi-J."tion
of the
contributing institutlon repoiteo tinoing-chi"i"t""irtic
ciicinoio g"anules in
nurrcroussections they examined.
2
Carcinoids have nevet been reported in the goat, and are extremely rare in
domestic speeies other than the African rodent, PraornysQgg$gqyg) natalensis,
which has a high incidenee in old animals. The iiEtFFmsffi
argentaffin and norFargentaffin cells which are part of the amine precursor uptake
and decarboxylation (AP|JD)group of cells.
These cells were all formerly thought
to be derived from the neural crest, although this is no longer held to be true of
most APID cells.
In man, carcinoids ar€ iesponsibl.e for a carcinoid syndromewhich
resuLts from the release by the neopJ,asm
of vasoactive amines, primarily serotonin
and kaLlikrein (Sykes, 1982).
Contributqr.- ComparativePathology Branch, US Army Medicat ResearchInstitute
of Chffiic?TEFEnse, Aberdeenproving-bround, Maryl-and'Zl-010.
Suqqestedreadino.
ffii.r'oeoranoE,P.K.anoMonEgomerY,C.A.}.:Carcinoio
tumor in the small intestine of a dog. Vet. path. tt:- vao-lal, 1974.
l{oultonr_J. E. (Ed.): Tumorsin DomestieAnimals. Univeriity of Califomia
Press, Berkeley, L978, pp 266-268.
. Patnaikr A. K., Hurvitz, A. .r., and Johnson,G. F.: canine intestinal
adenocarcincrnaand carcnoid. Vet. path. L7: I49-L€t, IggO.
Snellr K: C.r.and Stewart, H. L.: I'talignant argyrophilic gastric carcinoids of
Praomvs
- - 5 y " e s l(lhSlcrnp)
] | f r a h @ B .nataLensis.
j . . _ c a n i n e i nScienee
i 6 s t i n aI6t;.
i c a r 47O,
c i n o iVeg.'
ds.Vet.Patir.l9:
La-I3L,
L982.
CaseIII
- no contrib'#
blood snear) (AFIP 19621885)'.
naseo as one of a grotp of
acquired frcrn varrous unrvetsj.tj.es; prior use of these anlmals varied frcrn
experinental surgery to fetal pLumbismstudies to psychological reseatEtl.
].]' Aug
Auq L9822
physical exams
L9822 Initial
-''i'v-f-:trTd.
Bilateral alopecia
Hematologic and serum chemical values were within normal limits
laboratory.
. T3 .= 47.5
T 4 = 6 .2
T7 = 2.69
Gmss Patholoqv.
r) Dj.ffuse, severe, glomerulonephritis, bilateral.
z, urrruse pigrxent_deposition, liver and spJ.een.
?l ldenopa, adrenal eortex. (V x 4 cm nass).
4) Atrophy, epidermis, mild, with fragmentation and follicular
for the
keratosis.
Laboratory
Results.
ffi
RtsC 4.96 x 106
Hbg 10.9 g/d1
HCT t6.*A
MCV 74 fL
MCH 22.O
l,trH9 29.5
Normal (+/-)
B4reT
11.0 (1.0)
tz.e (2.e)
62.0 (r.0)
l{Bc 11.'
% Neutrophil 65.
it Lymphocyte 28.
% Monocyte 07.
Norrnal )+/-)
ET73T
lvfarch L987:
HffiloIo-6F
RBc e.}e x fo6
Hbg I3.3 g/dl
HCT 45.2%
MCV 65 fL
MCH lg.1
MCHC29.2
wBc 20.t
% Neutrophil 59
% Lymphocyte 23
% Monocyte
4
% Eosinophil 4
Note: Serumchemistries within two standard deviations of laboratory and/or
published norrnal values in January and March.
22 Auoust L9832
Animtf was
incoordinated and anorexic, and was euthanatized.
Hematol.oov
Normal (+/-)
Chemistries (STAT)
Normal G/_)
FB-ffi5i
ro6
Hbg 9.5 g/dL
HCT 35.6%
l.GV 69.0 fL
wBC 7.5 x Ifr
% NeutrophiL TS
% Lymphoeyte18
% lvlonocyte z
% Bands
2
IWBC= 74lL00 }ilBC
T.frrcT
11.0 (1.0)
3 2 .9 (2.9)
6?.0 (1.0)
ffims/d_
creatinine
2.Bt tg/dL
TPr ot
5.2 gldL
Phosphate
17.4 ;q/d_
Glucose
86.9 rng/dL
ChoLesterol ZZS.7 mg/ctL
Triglycerides 145., tg/d-
ffito'
.is
8.2
4.2
56
*I5l
*1.I7
-.2>'
C
tr .oi
ii.ll
(9)
(Zl)
(76)
Interpretation:
BLoodsmear: Anisgcyto:is, pq+xirocytosifr 'targett.ceJ.Is, nucleated
RBCrs,
Hematoros'
i3fii.#'*l,Hil;i;:13ffiffi:"frffi1'iltun*"*..
chemistries: lrlarkedphosphalemiawith etev;Ed;;;ti^ffi;"ffi',*l6orestirot,
glucose and with hypoproteinemra.
corrment: Trophozoite (ring) and schizont stages
present in parasitized
erythrocytes. The percent of fiarasitizeo-iiitnrocytes, arethe
stages present
conculrently' and granules within the trophoioites'are'typicii-or
plasmodiurn
inui.
Thisanima1wasin-termina1rena1rai1.ure-wtr"n-tni"smear*""'"o"ff:
lvlaLariaparasitism in the cynomolgusronxey ii uiJaiiv rir"nt,
wrless
exacerbatedby-stress or spleneitomy.
There are four plasmodial parasites that conunonlyinfect
macques. p. vivax is
distinguished by markederythrbcylig rrypg:i"opny and characterisiic-"t"Iniffi
tn
gametes' P. knoJ4esit_lle main dirrerintiat hoi p.
inui,-iJ-i-rurminating
disease,
with two t6-t@iisites
per erythrocyte,
rnr#iiin'ir'tbox
of the
erythrocytes; survival is rare. p. cvnomol6i"ni
infections-""" ifre, and rimited to
rhesusmonkeys.P.inuiisre1atTIeffi,-andinfectionof80-85*ofthe
circulating erythE-c!ffi is considerei to oe i neavy
infection.
The disease is
usually cFrronic'.*+tf eyclic (waft ino *rn.i parasitemia.
The
garetes
have
eharacteristic itaining-quarities, but oasopniric stippling
is i runction of pH.
AFrP Diaonosjls.,- Erythroparasitemia, protozoal, diffuse,
moderate, peripheral
[email protected],-llGiif"*i9,1"gg].primate;etio1ogy-conpatib1ewith
Plasrnodir-rm
spp.
ConfereneeNo'te. Participants noted ring lorms and trophozoites within
paraffice1]'s.Ma1aria1pigmeit(hemazoin)presentinassoeiation
with trophozoites, cannot be differentiated from acid hematin histochemically; it
is, however, positive for iron foltowing microincineration, whereasacid hembtin is
not.
In the differential diagnosis Hepatocyslis spp. must be included since
parasitized red blood cei.ls also cii%fi-Tiiffizoites,
gametocytes, and hemazoin,
but intraerythrocytic schizogonydoes not occut as it'does witn pfismooiurnjpp.
Nucleated erythrocytes were reported in the laboratory results but participants
did not consider them a remarkable feature in this smea!.' Also tne fyminopenii
seen.terminally couj.d have been due to the immunosuppressive
effects 6t'g-re adrenal
cortical tunor or the high BUN. Somealso thought lfre fact that the animal was
irmunosuppressedwas additional.ly reflected oy Fypers"En-ntaiion or neutropnifi
*h+.h were staying in circulation Longer because-young6r cells could not be
reLeased from the bone marrow.
Contrj-butor.
WasrrinS
i]-DF?O7W.
Division of Pathology,
-.-----J
Walter ReedArmy
r'r"t Institute
*I ree*evLs of
vr Research
^sDscuur It
Suggestedreadino.
ffiePrimateMa1arias.U.S.GovernmentPrintingoff5'ce,L974.
Loeb' |Y. F.: Hematologicdisorders. In Pathology
-ig7e,
oi iaooratory Animals,
(Benirschke, Garner, Joresl Eds.)
r:5p"ing"i-ve"r"g,
il-d;o_1050.
L. H.: The eharacteiislics-of ptlsm6oiumgylq*rgi
in
v a .schmidt,
r i o u s 0 1 d t { o r ] . d p t i m a t e s . h ' J ' ' " 6 . , f f i i ; ; : - * -infections
,'-.''
stokes' et al.: Acqteclinical maiirii-iila3'tocErnn
jaqi) in a cynonolgus
tonk:L
r-ao.
nni.-5"i.ffi5i,=i;ft.*'
{@risl.
vgller,
A.lTllEffiiiium
pathoiogy
ancl hepato"v"ii".
Part II,
KarBer, Basel, Ig7Z, pp 57_23.
in
.':
of simian prinates,
Case IV - 81-592 (AFIP 190Og5Z).
week-o1dma1ebroadbreastedwhiteturkeypou1ts.
lnese two poults axe from a fLock which hao
looie droppings-i""o,rp.nied by a modest
irnreasein mortali!.voeoin.i?g
at 3 weeki-oF-ige.etinoffesi-*itn rens opacities
wasseenin about1%of lne oiios,
--' ano-ati"i. rno torticolli; i; about0.1x of tFre
birds.
Gross Patholggg A white-yelLow exudate
present in the lateral
v e n t f f i g n o " = - i ' l i o n . w e r e S e e n . ' " . - - = | | L I rwas
ltne
Laboratorv Results.
salmonella arizonae was cultured from the eyes.
& Comlent.1) Ventriculitis, granulomatous,
diffuse,
.
. 2) Leptomeningitis,
p1eoc6l1u1ar,
, sevete,
diffuse, chronic, sever,e, turkey.
Not all sections coniain both r.esions. Bacteriar.
rods can be seen in the
exudate within the Lateral ventricles.
in""E-r""
grarr-negative
and probably
represent
S. arizonae.
S. arizonae infection of the brain has been reported in turkeys (west, L974)
anOFniEEl?ffiilva,
1980). Granulomatous inflammation was the ptominent reaction
This is the first
report of
was
not a feature in the turkey.
in the chieken, but
S. arizonae infection producing a granulomatous reaction in the brain of the turkey
cJo;tiieT-e8r).
AFIP Diagnoses. l.) Ventriculitis,
neerogranulomatous, segmental, severe, with
bacterial colonies, lateraL ventricle, brain, broad breasted white turkey, avian.
2) Meningoencephalitis, granulomatous, diffuse, mild to moderate, brain;
etiology--compatible with Salmonella arizonae.
9g4ferenceNote. Somehistologic sectj.onsdo not contain lateral ventricle.
sa1mffiormer1yArizonahinshawiiisafrequentinfectionofturkey
ffieeksof-affierbirdsaleoccasiona1Iyinfect!d
as are reptiles and man. The organismslocaLize in the ovary of infected birds
often leading to eggsheJ.lpenetration. The diseaseis seenmost frequently as a
systepic illness which affects manyorgan systems. Opacities of tfe eye
(ophthalmitis) as were seenin a smalJ.percentageof the flock represeirtedby thiE
case, ale seenin a significant nunberof-poults infected with S. atizonae, but may
also be seen in birds afflicted with paratyphoid, NewcastLe
disES's*SFr6illosis,
or colibacillosis.
Caseouscaecal and intestinal plugs are characteristic-of S.
arizonae but also of other SalmoneLla
spp. Granui.omatous
l,esions in the brainFof
Efr,Gkfrnd poults must be oEEi@Feo rrom oaciviirii-ggUgru,
a dematiacious
furpus.
Contributor., Virginia-MarylandRegionalCoJ.legeof Veterinary Medicine,
virgfift-fE;lffilacks6urg,
vir'ginia 2466I.
Suggested reaclinq,
D. Earl, smith, E. E. . et al. : Salmonellosis'and
ffi,
arizonosis in the reptile collection at the National ZooJ.ogica1
Park. J. Am. Vet.
lvfed. Assoc. 177(9): 800-803, 1980.
Hofstad, M. S. (Ed. ): Diseases of Poultry, 7th Ed., Iowa State University
Press, 1978, pp 169-179.
of the brain in
- Jortnerr B. S. and Larsen, C.: Granulomatous ventriculitis
arizonosis of turkeys.
Vet. path. 2I: ll4-115, 1994.
-Si]va, E. N.: Natural and experimental Saimonella arizonae infection in
[email protected].
242 63I-6t6, I98O.
- .. Wg"tt J.. L., and Mohanty, G. C.: Arizona hingFrqlii infection.in tr.nkey poults:
Pathologic changes. Avian Dis. L7: t]WIgT
Captain, VC, USA
Registryof VeterinaryPathology
Departrent of Veterinary Pathology
Results
AFIP l,lednesday
S1ide Conference- No. 24
J Aoril 1985
ConferenceModerator: LeonardH. Billups, DVM
DiplomateACVP
EnvironmentalPathology Services
809 Viers Mill Road
Rockville, MD 2O85I
Case I - 84N14t (AFIP 1947882).
or rear limb paralysis
ar-o1dma1ecoonhoundwhichexhibitedacuteonset
following several months of rear limb weaxness.
Gross Patholoov.
of thoracolumbar spine.
@
2) Fistulous inflammation of sublumbar musculature.
3) Multifocal pneumonia.
4) Porcupine quills found in stomach, mesentery and spinal column.
Laboratory Results.
ffia
was cultureo from the sublumbarmuscles.
Contributorts Diaqnosis& Commer!L.
Fistulous pyogranulomatous
inflammationof
ur-J-oy-. mi6riting-poicupinequitl.
0n-subsequent.investigation,
the ownerreiorted-that lhe dog had exposureto a
porcupinetwo monthsprior to the start of the illness. The lung
lesion appeared
as if there weremigralory tracts throughthe lungs towardthe dorsal and caudal
lobes. similar migrationi of plant awni can resuit in the thoraco-lumbar
osteomyelitis. The fact that P. multocidawasisolated might be additional
evidence^suggesting
that the qEilffiigiETed to the T-L juicture througn ihe
lungs. Quills lodged in the stomachano duodenum
wereviry short.
' AFIPDiaonosis- Pyogranulomas,
chronic, multifocal, severe, with associated
cent@riirlo*Jni,'tp"'"oniiioutoil;-;;6"h;unolcanine.
tne
ConferenceNote. The nature of the central foreign
p y o g f f i c u s s e d 1 p 1 a n t m a t e r i i j , _ p o r c u p i n " q , i i i , - i n o smaterial
u t u r e m present
a t e r i a 1within the
v{ereconsideredthe most.likely.. The presencbor i oart<
tiJnuiar pigmentJno-ine
laminated structure of the matlrial is'highly suggestive 6r a hair
shaft or similar
keratinaceous structure.
Plant material wouio O6-pnS positive and highly
anisotropie.
The material in this case is not PAS positive and ia ;it-;eakly
ani.sotropi-c. r'n many sections, however, several rrigm-n-s-oi prant r"teiiirr'
clearly identifiable
by the thick ceII walls, are present within the
pyogranulomas. Presumably, this material was carried in wiln
[he quill.
contributor.., Departmen!_of
Schoolof Veterinary tledicine,
.Veterinary science,
univ6TTiEyl-FTscons in, 1655 Linden
Dri ve, l,t"Ji ron, t{isconsj.n 5t706.
Suggested readino.
-H.r -e n
. nan,K.
E . , a n d l h r k e , p . J . : G r a s s a w n migration in dogs and cats:
_
A retrospective study of 1g2 cases. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
182(11): 120I-120/r,
1993.
Mirakhur, K.^K., and Khanna,A. K.: Rernovalof a porcupinequill from the
.
temporal fossa of a dog - a case report. Caninepract. I0(3): 100_101,198r.
lvlorshead,D. : Submucosalurethral calcul-us secondaryto foxtail awn migration
.
in a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. lg2( 11) : !ZL7_I?L|, L9g3.
CaseII - HLA 8424 (AFIP 1948733).
ld 90 tb. male Holstein calf. This herd was
found-to-be-experiencingan increased incidence,of metritis, retained placenta,
stillbirth,
and weakcalves in a group of first calf heifers. Calves born to dams
in this group usually exhibited swelling of the ventral neck region below the
larynx and gross lesions similar to those noted in this case. In contrast, calves
bcrn to mature cows were normal. In several instances, weakcalves were treated
with injectable Polyflex (Bristol Laboratories brand of ampicillin), and showeda
markedclinical improvementwith reduction of the swelling in l-5 days.
Gross Pathology. Enlarged thyroids with several hemorrhagicareas. No other
grosffi
Contributor's MorpholoqicDiaqnosis & Comment.Hvoerolastic ooiter.
congenlEal.. LcroJ-ogy,1odine deficiency.
Further investigation revealed that the group of first calf heifers had
inadvertently been supplementedwith salt only, while the mature cows had received
a balanced mineral mix that included iodine. The markedclinical improvementwith
reduction in thyroid size in the calves treated with Polyflex apparently resulted
from the presence of 500 mg of Povidone-Iodine as a presirvative in each 25 om vial
of Po1yflex.
- Histologic changesincluded hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium to a
coLumnartyPel with hyperplasia and papillary infoldings. Essentially no colloid
was present within follicles.
AFIP ?iSgnoses. JJ ttyperplasia, follicular, papillary, diffuse, moderateto
severe, with
scant colloid, thyroid, Holstej-n, bovine; condition consistent with a
'rhyperplastic goiterr'. 2) Hemorrhage,
fibrin-deposition and organization,
subcapsular, subacute, multifocal, moderate,thyroid.
Conferenceryo!9,. Most histologic sections conlain somesmall follictes'which
idenffisthyroid.oirrerentiationofthishyperpJ.asticgoite"i"o'"
thyroid adenocarcinomais based on the degree of organizatibn of the tlssues and
the presence of normal structures such as nerves which would be effaeed by aninf iltrative neoplasm.
The discussion centered on the types of goiter seen in domestic animals, common
goitrogenic substances' and someaspects or lne ecology of iodine
deficiency in
animals. Generally speaking, hyperplastic goiter is Jie to-froround iodine
deficiency. The hyperplasii.results from t6e effects or tny'r-id stimuLating
hormoneupon the follicular epithelium. Introduction of ioiine to the
diet of an
anj.maLwith hyperplastic goiter or to one experiencing miio iooine oefici"n"y
result in colloid goiter. Less common
are nodular goiterr-*nicfi oeii [isior6gi""r
""n
similarities to both hyperplastic and colloi!
and are usually clinically
Ooiteis
silent.
Toxic goiter is characterized by mild hyperplasia and is common
in man
(Grave's
diseasE)out rare in-otner animlls.
The cause of the subcapsular and interstitial
hemorrhagewith organizing
fibrinous clots was speculated by participants to have been
the result of trauma
during parturition, possibly due-to the prominenceof the enlarged
thyroid. The
hemorrhageand tissue-lamage from such trauma would explain tne
mifo
mj.xed
inflanrnatory celI infiltration
present in the connective tissues adjacent to the
thyroid seen in most sections.
Contributor.
2218-
Hazleton Laboratories, 9200 LeesburgTurnpike, Vienna, Virginia
fuqqested readino.
B l o o d , D . C ., R a d o sti ts, 0 . M., and Hender son,J. A.: Veter inar y Medici ne,5th
Edition, Bailliere Tindall, !983, pF. 1011-1014.
D o i g e , C . E ., a n d McL a u g h l i n B.
, G.: Hyper plasticgoitr e in newbor nfoals i n
We s t e r nC a n a da . C a n . V e t. J. 2 2 : 42- 45, 198I.
H o e n i g , M., Go l d sch mi d t,M. H ., Fer guson,D. C. et a} .: Toxic nodular goi tr e
in the cat. J. Small Anj_m.Pract. 23: I-IZ, I9BZ.
J u b b ' K . V .F ., a n d K e n n e d y,P . C.: Pathologyof domesticAnim als, 2nd Edi ti on,
AcademicPress, NewYork, I97A, pp. 411-415.
M c 1 - a u g hl i nB, . G., a n d D o i g e , C. E.: Congenitalm usculoskeletallesions and
h y p e r p l a s t i c g o i tre i n fo a l s. C a n. Vet. J. ZZ: L3O- Ijj, I9gl.
case rrr - no c@.
(2 radiographic slides)
his dog presented
.
with a one-weekhistory of anorexia and depression and 4-day history of-diarrhea.
0n physical exam, conjunctiva were pale and the abdomenwas tense. Radiography
revealed pulmonaryincreased density, possi.ble renal calculi and an abdomlnal'
circumscribedmass.
.--.''.'..-i-i
Gross Pathology. At surgery, a mass found incorporating the duodenum
was
reseffiasnecrotib,withperforaiingu1ceratioianowasfirmtohard
and white, with a fibrous texture. There was allo a firm omental nodule. The dog
recovered uneventfually, but returned one month later with recurrence of the
abdominaLmass.
.The dog was euthanatized; at necropsy, nodules were found
throughout the liver,
omentumand gastrointestinaL tract. No skeLetal masseswere
found.
Laboratory ResuLts.
rresurotcaJ_:
.r+_
-
HemaEology:
WBC fi.6 x LO7
RBC 27.79 x 105
HgB 6.4 g/dI
HCT 19.A%
MCV 59.1 fl
MCH 22.8 pg
|,4eHC
33.5 g/dlPLT eo.5 ; 103
Differential:
Seg 54%
Band10%
Lynph ?7%
lvlono 4%
Eos 0%
Prior to death:
38,7 x IO3
3.I4 x IO3
8.0 g/dl
23.3%
74.O fI
?5.6 pg
34.5 q/dI
84.0 x 10,
1 1 v
I Lrn
/Rmq
5%
11%
8%
Presurgical: slight polychromasiaand moderateanisocytosis,
microcytosis and hypochromasib. Reticulocyt; a;ili 3.8.
Prior to death: Slight poikilocytosis and moderate microcytosis,
macrocytosisand polychromasia.
Serumchemistrv:
Presurgical:
Urea 15 mg%
C r e a t i n i ne 0 .5
Sodium149 meq/L
Po t a s s i u m4 .5
Phosphate 4.? na%
C a l c i u m 8 .0
Total protein 5.2 on%
Albumin 2.0 gn%
Alkaline phosphatase 5A6 IU/L
sGoP49
UA:
Presurgical:
yellow
Color
Specific gravity 1030
Urobilinogen Neg
OccuJ.tbLood I
fr
Bile
I
Ketones
rl
GLucose
fr
Bilirubin
pos
Protein
pl-l
7.s
Prior to death:
Yel1ow
1031
Non
It
il
il
ft
il
Pos
'7n
g=9-Qonrnent.Osteosarcoma,duodenum,with metastasis
to
a sm.
variousrydiasnosed
as mausnant
::liil:,::."::T:1"*1-::::::?1.?T"1ârso
;i";;;;io'r,""1''#;"":;"'ii'i3l3ll"o
ffiffi!:ltlgli:?:i::.ill:::::":*y.:l-::t!
".
i:tld:3::i:'";
?;:''1:1,
lyg:.,l,:^ln?^.*:F;
theossifyingtumorinextr."t."t"ffi-;;;;;,';""i$"!i:Hi:
"i'#i.i-iqE"ii#.ii#. "Til"'f,
AFIP DiaonoEig.
in teFtTnEffif
0steosarcoma,
-- - with chondromatous differentiation,
";
;i;; :
sma1l
conference Note. The radiographic slides reveal
radiodensities which
o n t @ . ' . - r o . . | " i i n t n e r e g i o n o f L 5 a n d L 5 v e n t r a 1 abdominal
tothe
kidney.
Extraskeletal osteosarcomasare knownto occur
in association with other
conditions such as mixed mammary
tumors, mixed turnors or tne-inyroid, and
Spirocerca luoi granulomasor ine Jropnidr"ifle"ander,
=1979). They are also
Enoughtto arise from areas of myositis 6ssificans
or
irom
foci of dystrophic
ossification'
Visceral osteosarcomasare considered to be manifestations
of
teratoma development(Eckerlin , 1976). in"-ni-.tiog"n"ris
oi-ossifying tr.rmorsin
extraskeletal soft tissues is 6ontroversiar. rn
rie mixed-tumors(mammary,
thvroid) it is
t!9ueft
that
cailiiase
develops
rrommeraprasia
of
:yi::"Illbone develops from
myoepithelial cells;
enooefionoralossification of the
cartilage'
In tissues other than thyroid and mammary
gland, it is thought
osteosarcomasmay arise from malign.nt ry""pitnelial
.itt. *ni.n can originate from
m q n y - g l a n d ul atir ssu e s (B a rd e t,.1997) . The neoplasmin this case has m any
similarities with the jejunal neoplasmreported by Eckerlin, Garman,and Fowler in
1976.
Contributor.
of Veterinary Medicine, Ioth Medical Laboratory,
^Department
npoNeTToTR'-0Eeo.
Suggestedreadino
A
r e x a n d er, l r'/.
and Easley, J. R,: Extr askeletal osteos ar c om a
r w a l ke r, M.
.
^ J.
in a d o g . J . A
me r..A l i l . H o i p . n-A.,
ss6c. 15: 99_IAZ,1979.
B a r d e t , J.
., and DeHoff, w. D. : Extr askeletal osteosar m m as :
i sb ro d ep,S
L ite r a t u r e r e vi,f...,
e w a^f{e
nd a
ca se re sentation. j. Amer .Anim. Hoip. Assoc. 19:
501-504, Igg3.
M o o r e ,R ' w ., S n yd e r; S . P ., Houchens,
J. w.
al- .: M alignantm esench y m om
in a
a dog. J. Amer. Anim. Hosp. Asloc. 19: rcl_pO, et
I9g3
Eckerlin.
- ' ' nR
" , . H ., and Fowr er r ' E. H.: J. Amer .Vet. M ed.As s oc .
:r.-Ga rma
1 6 8 ( e )z e g v 4 gT=., T
tsie.'J e r a j , K ' Y a n o ,B .r Osb o rn e ,c. A. et ar .:- pr imar y
hepatic osteosar comja.n a
d o g . J . Am . Ve t. Me d .-A sso c.I7 9 ( Io) , iooo_ioo=,
198I.
Pollock, s., Frankrin, G. A.,, ;li w"g"""]-g.
M.: crinicar signficance of
trauma, myositis ossificans, and malignJit-rir"nchymoma
in the ctog: Report of an
u n u s u a lc a s e - J. A me r.A n i ri r.H o sp.Aisoc.
r z zi7- 242, !g7a.
Case_IY-- ga-9l (AFIP 1948878).__fZ_qqfostides)
tit.
breed canine. The dog was
presentedwith clini:.l
signs 6r.tetrapaS-iisl it couio nol-li.no unassisted,
and
had a swollen, ho!,, left cirpal joint.' rn"-J6g
had a history of unilateral
twomontn''
:H'f!:l?l'i:i:,i:
s oiralion l-lweuingor ih! rert carpaljoint or
"ni
Gross Pathology. The ventricular-myocardium
a r e a f f i i a m e t e r . T h e s p r e e n - a n J - x i o n " y s c o n t a i n contained
e d s i m i 1 a rmultifocal
1 e s i o n s pale yellow
varying in size from I mmto 1 cm in'oiameier.
intervertebrar discs ano aoja-ent metapnyses-orThere was destruction of
!z_z ana rd_s. similar
extensive loss of bone had 5ccurred in'the
and-rocauy ".oiat carpar bonb, and the articular
il:ft:"J:""::lli":ll::t""
erooeJ.--in"-"#;";1F'rh"
r"rt eyewas
Laboratory Results.
ffiy,B1ood-+++,Protein++,Neutrophi1s++,Redb1oodce11s
+++' Transitional epitheiiar
*i, a;;;;e granurar case ++, Fungal hyphae
present.
""tt.
Microbiology:
Asperqillus
and tnoracic vertebffi--
terreus was isolated from the spleen, heart, kidney
Contributor'@Nephritis,.mu1tifoca1,pyogranu1omatous,
: " . b ' 5 i 1 j i ] ' n i o n e y l - ' i i u J - 6 , " e o , d o g . E t i o 1 o g y
1
-
J
rne casriS$!ffir
of several cases of disseminatedA. terreus infection
seen
over the past four years. Themajority
hive n""n in in" F"ffipn"ii"ii!"0.
The
reasons for the'nel'ativeiv suddenippe"rance
of the disease is unclear.
AFIP Diaonosis. Nephritis, necrogranulomatous, chronic-active,
seveffitis',ini]iction,;";i;i;;1esiona1funga1hyphae,kidney,mixed
breed, canj.ne.
conference Note.
multifocal,
A vascular distribution
o v ' f f i ; ' ; ; ; ; ' . t t h e c o r t i c o m e ! , ' i ] i " - l i : l ? ?of fa gt hee nettii nstsn nuigr tgwith
e s t eareas
d
infarction in the deeper cortex.
of
Fungal hyphaeean be seen on both the H&Eand pAS-stained
sections, but are
seen best with GMS. The hyphaeare para11el-wa1led,
r.pirtrl and ranoe from 5-12
microns in diameter. Terminal, up to 20 micron
burbous
sweliings are present on
hyphae' as are occasional spores which bud
laferally
off
of hyphae. Since no
pseudohyphae
or yeast forms are present, organj.im--ir.n rr c.ioior
ano qrasfon:r..,
canbe ruled out. Hyphae
of zvgomycetes rarely septatelhffin;;#iii#
walls, andare generauywiderinan tnoseare
in this iase. rn6 rarge terminaland
occasionar laterar
aleuiospores seen on hyphaein this
diagnostic for
".r.-"""
w^d1I|:ry"tiatingitiifi_;therAspergiJ1ui'spp.ano
pae11omyceteS.ThesesporeS'however'are*t"-"oiiyffiwithoutGMSstains.
This case bears many-siinilarities to cases
of dissemiiateJll
--- :. teneus in dogs
reported by t{ood (1978) and by Mu1lhanJy(fie:),
Participants noted the monotonouspopulation
of lymphoblastic cells in the
interstitium of this kidn"y
hypothesizeoinat.an underlying neoplastic disease
of the rymphoreticular-sytt'"t
"n-may-naves"rued-to rmmunosuppress
the animal and
predisposeit to fungal infection. Participants
arso
noted
glomerular
changes
which were interpret6c as rioiin or amyloiJ-Jeposition.
*"o3ffi*,,?';"Ti:in:'-:"r":E5]''.'ogy,SchoolofVeterinaryStudies,
luggested readinq.
r q r r ' r n a n ey'T - p ., L e vi n , s.l ," n gÎ?gr i"Ii,
.
R. J.: Disseminated
asper gill 0s i s
: . n a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d ..A sso c .IgZ( 51,
if&_Sfe,
19gt:
weitkamp,R. A.: Aspergitromain two o"gi.
.:. nmer. Anir. Hosp. Assoc. 1g:
503-506, 1982.
w c o d ,G ' L .,. H i rsh , D . C ., sg rg?t: R- R- et
ar - .: Disseminated
asper gill0 s i s i n
a d o g . J . A m. V e t. Me d . A sso c. I7 Z( 6i: 7Ot+ _lOj,
L97g.
z o o k , B . c.,,3 ,n d Mi g a ki , G.;_ nsper giilo.ir ' in
animar s. r n Asper gilr osis.
(Ed;i;-a;il"iil
cn,,re,
c..TnEffias
F,oii.ni"sl'
3i;?llil;rl;il$ri'Bll'ig:'E.
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain,VC,USA
Registry of Veterinarypathology
Department of Veterinary pathoi6gy
6
Results
AFIP l{ednesdaySlide Conference - No. 25
t0 Aoril 1985
Conference Moderators:
C O LG e o r g eD . I m e s , J r .
LTC John M. Pl-etcher
Department of Veterinary pathology
ArmedForces Institute of patholoov
\{ashington, DC 20306
Case..I-: 82/ 9I€9_(AFI? I9a%a8) .
HlsEorv. llssue from a lA-month-old male Scottish highland ferret (Muste1a
+
putorius furo).
--F.--
Sevenof 700 femets on this property oieo arfe"-""nioiffi
varrable nervous.signs which included head tilt,
circiing, lethargy and
depression. Both sexes were affected and all were young-adults.
Gross PathoLogf.
external ear canal was filred
b r o w f f i y m p a n i c m e m..I!:_l1g!t
b r a n e w a s r u p t u r e d a n d t h e m i d d 1 e e a r cwith
o n t athick,
i n e d dark
purulent exudate.,.-Theadjacent bone and rrriiJ
were sworlen and softened for up to
2 cm from the middle ear. rn this.".gion ihe-meninqe.
wrrc
adherent to the bone. The underlying'-er"oiur, especially tnicreneo and firmly
the right pyriform lobe
was dark red, swollen and malacic.
.
Laboratorv Resu1ts. Larqe numbersof ear mites (Otodectqs
cynotis) were in the
exuo@*i""i"rearcana1.st"iniioiffiffi'wascu1turedfrom
the right
ear and meninges.
Large numbers of non-seDtate fungal hyphaewere seen
in smearsfrom the right
ear and meninges. An Absidia so. was cultured.
Contributorrs MorpholoqicOlEgnosis& Comrent.
th vascular thrombosj-s,necrosis
- numerous
and
non-septate fungal nyfihae.
Etiology: Apsidia sp.
This entitvl?FbE-en recognized on several ferret
Zealand. The iungal inreciioi appears to originate in farms throughout New
the external ear canal and
spread to the middle ear and adjacent structui-s, including-oon",
muscre, menj.nges
and brain. circumstantial evidence suggests thai heavy
eai
mite
inrestations
predispose to the disease, perhaps by iieatinj
r a suita6te enuironmentfor fungal
growth in the external eai canal'. '
I'bst positive fungal cultures have yielded Absidia spp.
(These slides are stained with eomoii'. r"tEffin-"'!iiu""
plus haemotoxylin
and eosin).
AFrP Diaonosis. Meningoencephalitisand ventriculitis,
f o c a @ i t h v a i c u r i t i s , t n r o m o o s i i l a n o i n t r a 1 e s i o n a 1 f u n g a 1 h necrogranulomatous,
yphae,
cerebrum,
scottish higrrrandfemet, prusteia-zuIgG-6,;;Iteuo.
"-
.-'
ConferenceNote. In addition to lesions noted in the morphologicdiagnosis,
tner@itisandmicroabsceSseSscatteredthroughouttneneuiopi1
adjacent to severely affected areas. Fungal hyphaerange fr6m 9-I5 microns in
diameter, have non-parallel walls, are raiely septate, ind branch irregularly.
Zygomycosis
is common
in mansecondaryto unlreated oi poorly controlled diabetes
mellitus where high blood sugar leveli stimulate ornanisms
ev qrow
\
into vessels
:'u!'4v"'v tn
from surrounding iissues
contrlbutor.
_
_i _
raJ-merston
North,
Parmerston North
r t n Animal
A n l m a r HeaLth
uve&s,_.,", p
H e a r t , , Ig ahnrarnrv
, .0. Box 1554,
New Zealand.
Suggested readino
u n a n o r e r ' F . w .'
p ra n r w .,,.and_Ajello, L,:
ycosis. r n Histopathol ogy
of Mycotic Diseases, [a
publishers,
Chapt 27, Year Book Medical ,zygom
Chicago, 19g0, pp.
L22-I?7, 294-tOL
r ., Basker vir le, A. et ar .: Biochem icarand
. c o r b e l , , M. J., H a mb l e to n-p
pathological
ehangesin expeiimental
phycomy-6sis. .:.-comp.-Fitn. 9v: zr9-23a,
L98V.
- 48724 (AFIP IB77B3?).
ear-o1dfema1eDobermanpinscherwhichexhibited
_____
graoual
ctevelopment of weakness and weight loss over sj.x
monLhs. Gastrointestinal
bleeding developed.three days prior to
profounJ tetraparesis
dreseniation.
developed and the dog was euthanatized.' ni-necropsy,
vertebrar l-esions, cardiac
ventricular dilitation,
and blood throughout ine smiir and large intestines were
noted.
,
Case II
lloss PatholqgL rntervertebral discs c5-5 and_c-7 protruded
c a n a f f i g r o b o i d - d u e t o v e n t r i c u 1 a r d i 1 a t i o h . T h e s t o m a c h w a s n ointo
r m a lthe
1 spinal
blood was present throughout smalr ano-iaite-intestine.
LaQoratoryResults.
f f i t r a n s f u si o n .
ECG- Ventricular prematurecontractions every l0th
to ]Zth beat.
Contributorrs Diagnosis & commgq!-.chronic myocardial
i n t e ; . ; ; l t i n f i ] t r a t i o n ; m o d e r a t e a degeneration
r t e r i o 1with
a r
intimal cushion formation.
(other: cervical intervertebral- disc-protrusion
l,rlallerian degeneration of
spinar cord; hemomhagicdiathesis, p"."i6rv-oue to with
von wirlebrand,s disease.)
This case demonstiates part of'tire sp""t"ur of myocardial
degeneration and
fibrosis rrytrich
seen in yount-io-*ioor"-"iruo-oou"*"n=.
The
is
99r-nmonly
cardiomyopathyin this oo! nao not yet 5".n
congestive heart failure,
due to the intercession of concunent disease:
"*p"essed
"s
-ryo""rdial
the wobbler
sindrome and a
hemorrhagicdiathesis. Ventricular dilatiJn,
fibrosis and
atrioventricular val-vular endocardiosis are ihe prominent gross findings
in
Dobermans
with advancedheart disease.
oi?flo.si+. Degeneration.and
fibrosis, multifocal and coalescing,
_^lrrlp with
moderate,
lipidosis, myocardium,Doberman
pinsch"", canine.
Conference Note. The lesions present in this case are essentially the same as
thos@z1etteta1.(1983)andCa1verteta]..(1982).TheDepartment
fibrosist
of Cardiovascular Pathology interpreted the extensive interstitial
of
(occasional
aggregates
and
rare
cells
myositis
mononuclearinflammatory
phase
of
healing
with
a
neutrophils), and variation in fiber size as eompatible
patients
having
dilated
with
human
myocarditis which can be correlated clinically
cardiomyopathy. They also noted concentric and eccentric thickening of intramural
coronary arteries and compare it to similar changes seen in humanswith
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This change was also noted in Dobermanhearts
examined by Calvert and Hazlett, but was not readily apparent in sections examined
by conference participants.
Other acquired heart diseases reported in Dobermansinclude hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy (Liu, L979) and atrioventricular
bundle degeneration causing sudden
death (James, 1962; Sandusky, L979).
The term "fatty/lipid
infiltration",
as is seen in this case, is probably not
appropriate since these adipocytes are thought to arise in situ from perivascular
pleuripotential
mesenchymaleells.
Contrilutor.-
and [email protected]
Veterinary Laboratory Serviees, Ontario Ministry
of Agriculture
V6I2, Cubtpn, 0ntario NIH 5R8.
Suggestedreading.
C a L v e r t , C . A ., C h a p ma ny./.
, L ., and Toal, R. L.: Congestivecar diomyopathy
in
pinscher dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181(6): 598-6O2,1982.
Doberman
H a z l e t t , M. J., Ma xi e , M. G., Allen, D. G. et a1.: A r etr ospective stud y of
heart disease in dobermanpinscher dogs. Can. Vet. J. 24(7)z 2O5-2I0, 1983.
James,T. N., and Drake, E, H.: Suddendeath in Doberman
pinschers. Ann. Int.
Med. 58(4): 82I-8?9, 1968.
Liu, Si-Kwang,Maron, B. J., and Tilley, L. P.: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathyin
t h e d o g . A m . J. P a th . 9 a 7 )z 497-507, 1979.
S a n d u s k yG
, . E . , K e r r , K . M., and Capen,C. C.: Mor phologicvar iations a nd
aging in the atrioventricular conduction systemof large breed doqs. Anat. Rec.
I93z 88V-9O2,L979.
Case III
- 84-2174 (AFIP 1948332).
-o1dma1eLabradorretriever(Canisfami1iaris).
Ine dog was a research subject in a project relating to therapy offipT5'Si5-ffig
heat and radiation.
Squamouscell carcinoma of the lateral digits, right forefool,
was diagnosed in Jan L984 and treated with radiation,
The tum6r did n6t regtess
but remained stable until Apr 30, r98/l-. New growth was noted on May 20.
Amputation was undertaken but abondonedwhen nodules in the neck discovered durino
surgery proveduponexaminationof frozen sections to contain metastases.
Gross Patholo L_ The right thyroid is represented by a fibrous mass
approxim-tefy3- x L-I/z x 1 cm. An irregularly nodular massabout I/Z cn. in
thickness extends over ventraL part of trachea and larynx. Right axillary lymph
node is enlarged to approximately 7 x r-r/2 x l- cm. 0n cut surface this nod6 is
irregularly white and tan in noduLar pattern. There are several buckshot pellets
scattered througil-rneck and subcutaneoustissue. There are several I to L-L/? nn.
whitish focj. in ventricle. Coronaryarteries are enlarged approximately2X, .are
irregular and grayish white. Atrial ventricular valves-are enlargeOan'dmu6oid,
Left lung is reddish-purple and poorly inflated. There are Z or i approximately
3
mm.whitish-gray nodules in diaphragmitic lobe. Shotgunpellets are in
lung.
contributor's Diaqnosis & cpnrnrglt. Atherosclerosis (perhaps
i s n " ' " r i i " t i o n p r e s e n t i n S o m e V e S arteriosclerosis
s e 1 s ) i s n o t
a common
finding at necropsyof the dog. Attached reports list a number
of
neoplastic and degenerative-abnormalities and even the residuars
of
earlier
p h y s i c a r v i o l e n ce , th e e mb e d d eshotgun
d
pellets. This is a bit unusuar ,eve n for a
dog 13 years o1o.
Excerpts from the submitted necropsyreport are as follows: Microscopic exam: There are severai smbtt foci Ji rattv
inriltration
in
ventricle.
WaII of coronary arteries is thickened Z ta jX ind there is
reductj.on
of diameter of lurnen. rn virious areas these walLs contain
co]lections of large
lipid'Iaden macrophages,imegular .p"""i i"or which lipid nas
apparently been
removedby processing, cholesterol clefts, and sometimes
a few small mononuclear
celIs' Aorta does not have signficant roipnoiogic cnange.
i; muchof lung there
is thickening of interalveolar septae with increased connective
mononuclearcelLs. Near pleura there is a well circumscribed, tissue and smar]
but not encapsulated
focus of discrete, cuboidal to polyheoiar. cJiii which
are
packed together
ctoiery
and in which groups of cells are divideo inio-iobures
oy-tiioecuLae
of connective
tissue' The neoplastic massis well vaseularized. Theie
is
a
small
artery in
which there is rnrch proliferation of media to nearly
obliterate lumen. A few
lipid-laden maclophagesare in wall of an arteriole'betwe*n-iiu""
and gall
bLadder' Tfrere are [wo tiny foci of minerariiit:.on in
the warl of this vesser.
somelarger splenic arterills have atherosel-""oii"
is increased
fibrous tissue in-many capillary,tufts.
Sometimes"n"ng"r."-ii,.".
there are atherosclerotic
changesin wall of arcuate vessbls of the kidney. Atherosclerotic
cnangiJ-ire in
wall of artery and arterioles associateo witn'p.nc"".r.
Neoplastic tissue from
massin neck has morphologic characteristics like those described
in luno nodules.
Squamous
cell carcinoma in tne foot is conrirmeo. There ir . .iJri"ri!.=or"="'
neoplastic tissue like neoplastic tissue oeicrioeo in
lung and in neck adjacent to
one adrenal. There are mild atheroscLerotic changesin aiterioles
il;"bt:--Arteries and arterioles of the lymph node have atheroscrerotic
changes.
There are
atherosclerotic changesin blood vascuLature in bone marrow.
Diagnosis: Carotid body tumor with metastasis to lung and periadrenal
tissue;
squamous
celI carcinoma,_footl atherosclerosis, severe, dlrfuse'; papillaiy
hyperplasia, prostate; glomerulosclerosis.
"v=ti"
AFIP Diaonosis. Atheroscrerosis, diffuse, npderate to severe intraextramural Coronarv arteries, Labrador retriever, canine.
and
Thedogprovidesa useful contrastto manyorher species
*^^
99!fgle?99
oecause
or its l!?!9.,
resistance to
the developmentof hypercholesteroiemiaand
atherosclerosis- h/henthe latter does occur in the dog it generally has litg-e
clinical signficance and in this context alone bears little rel-ation to vascular
disease j-n man- The diffuse atherosclerotic lesj-ons noted in the necropsy report
on this animaLcaused conference participants to speculate that the dog *is --hypothyroid. Thyroxine affects synlhesis, catabolism, and oiiiary excretion of
choLesteroL. In hypothyroid animals cholesterof catabolism is reduced relative to
its synthesis; biliary
hypercholesterolemi a .
excretion is also reduced with the net result
being
Thomasand Kim (1983) wrote an excellent review of humanatherosclerosis which
includes current concepts on its parhogenesis; rhis paper is worthy of review.
ContributOr.
ncnarimcni- nf Vslsrinary SCience, University of ArizOna, Bldg.
ro, ffiffi2o";-6;iir:
-Suooestedreadino.
D a h m eE
, . G.: A th e ro scl e ro si sand ar ter ioscler osis in domesticanimals. Ann.
N . Y . A c a d .S c i . L 2 7 ( L ) z 5 5 7 - 6 5 8 1
, 965.
cv v o- 5 r4 rv ti i r r t a
r\.
G.: T h e ro l e o f the monocytein ather ogenesis. Am. J. Path .
lO 7 ( ? ) : 1 8 1 - 19 0 ,1 9 8 1 .
Mahrey,R. I,{., and weisgraber, K. H.: canine hyperlipoproteinemiaand
a t h e r o s c l e r o si s. A m. J. P a th . 8 7 ( l) z ZO5- 2I9,1977.
_ _Robinson,M.: Generalizedatherosclerosis in a dog. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. I7z
45-50, 1976.
Thomas,ll/. A., and Kim, D. N.: Atherosclerosis as a hyperplastic and/or
neoplastic process. Lab. Invest. 4g(7): 2L5-25I, Iggr.
_ _Whitney,J. C.: Someaspects of the pathogenesisof canine arteriosclerosis.
J.
Case IV - 19144-36 (pFI,P
an adurt female cynomolgus monkey (t"tacacafasciculari.s).
ied while on intrauterine doxyeycline-study.
GastifE-Enciffitlena1
ulceration and hemomhage were noted plus moderate to
severe renal and hepatic fatty change.
Contributorf s Diagnoses& Comment.
sis, diffuse.
Heart, myocardial ceroid-lipofuscinosis, diffuse.
Heart, fibrosis, myocardial, moderate,multifocal.
. The unusual, bright red, cytoplasmic granules were autofluorescent and very
weakly acid-fast positive.
Similar granules were found in nr.rne";.-ti.;*r'--'
including-skeletal muscle, biliary-efiithelium, ductal cells of the salivary gland,
pancreas.rhe-lisht microicopy
or rhis caseis
?:::l?1^91?ld:_?nd
ldentj'cal
to the changesrecently describedin an-unusualcase of ceroid"ii"ntiiriv
lipofuscinosis in a Cynoro]gug
mbnkey(Jasty, Kowalski,€t if., fg8a). Themonkey
in this report showedno crinical silns or iitness pri6r to-iairirice as a
control
..
drugsafety
evaluation.
The
cause
of
death
present
of
the
monkeywasmost
il,
likely related
to doxycycline toxicity.
1) Fibro.it,-interstitial,
multifocal, moderate,myocardium,
.,,^,,S-^-Qi39l-g:is.-..
uynomoJ-gus
monl(eyr Macacafascicularis, primate-.
intracytoplasmic,
difTGr-m€d-ffit4-n-eurons,
glia,
2) Eosinophilic granuies,
-no ryJFio""r, brain and heart.
ConferenceNole. _Eosinophilic granul-esin the myocardial fibers of this monkey
areffi1ear,whichisthecommon1ocationofmyocardia11ipofuscin
pigment' Similar granules are present in endothelial cells of somecerebral
vessels. Neuronal granules are less eosinophilic than those in the heart and
frequently have a yellow-green hue typical of lipofuscin pigment. The Department
oF Histochemistry confirmed mild acib-fast staining ano aut6fluorescenceof the
cytoplasmic granules. They reported that the pigm5nt has the usual properties of
ceroid-lipofuscin pigments, but that the amountcresent jn rhis case wourdnot be
consideredpathologic in an elderly human.
In manand various domestic.animals,accumulationsof lipopigments may result
from,an underlying gllyme deficiency and, in accumulating,ray olsrupt
ceilular
functions (Dowson,1982). Although-Jasty (1tea; nas CesJriOei seueral types
cytoplasmic granules in the monkeyheart- and simil.t g".nrl-J.-in other tiisueiof
or a
monl(eyrnone of these has ever been associated with oiert disease.
The markednuclear atypia of myocytes,and extensive
present in this case' were not.considlred by participanLsinLerstitial fibrosis
to be unusual findings in
an older primate. The cause of such cnange6is not known.
Contributor. Division of ComparativeMedicine, Sehool
Johns
H o p x f f i I t y , 7 2 a n u t i " n o A v e n u e , B a 1 t i m o r e , M a r y 1 a n d 2 7 2ofo 5Medicine,
.
Suggestedreadino.
u o w s o n rJ . H .'-A rmstrQn g ,D ., Koppang,N. et a1.: Autofluor escence
em is s i on
spectra of neuronal ripopigment in animal and humanceroidoses
(ceroid-lipofuscinoses).' Acta Neuropathor. ie:
$z-tiZ-r-Ig*r:
Hoover,P. 'M.,..Little, p: B:l a1!_c919rw. D.: Neuional ceroid-lipofuscj.nosis
.
pathol.
in a-mature..dog.
Vet.
zlz 359_vel:iiaa.
J a s t y ,V . , K o w a l ? kR
i t . . L . , F o n s e c aE,. H . e t a r . : A nu n u s u acla s eo f
generalized
ceroid-lipofuscinoiis in a Cynomolgusmonkey. Vet. pathol. ZIz tt6-5o,
1984.
J a s t y r V . , Ja mi so n ,J. R .,-a n d -Har tnagel,R. E.: Thr ee types of
cytoplas m i c
granules in cardiac muscle ceils of Cynom6lgus
- monkeys(uicaca'rascicularis).
--'
Vet. Pathol. 2I: 505-5OB
, Iggtt
Nimnnlrtilkie' J. S.., and Hudson,E. B.: Neuronal-and generalized
lipofuscinosis in a cocker spanier.' vet. pathor. rg : e%-Zif.r- paz. ceroidPritchard, D.,H.,
g l f Y , R . ^ D : , H o w e l l , L . J . e t a l . : C e r o i d _ l i p i d o s i s :A n
storage-type idisease
of liver and'hepatic fvmpnnoo..- Vet. pathol. 20:
:9!ulTd
242-2tt4, 1983.
D A V I DL . F R I T Z , V . M . D .
Captain, VC, USA
Department of Veterinary patholbgy
Histories
AFIP ltlednesdaySlide Conference - No. 26
L7 Aoril 1985
ve double-crested
cormorants which ranged in age from
S. Their diet eonsisted-of.unsupplemented
whoLesnreLtlingestei by the
adult and-regurgitated to the offspring). Thby were presented with deiormitiel of
beaks and limbs.
CaseII - PL550A PE 7A, P1558A(AFIP I9483I7
(1 kodaehromeslide.
vrete on feed
with a fungus.in.i-inr-i.v of age.
!'rain contaminated
sues
AFIP 1947452).
.
-old female Alaskan mal.amutedog from a litter
sqne pups in the litter died approximately one moitn later witn
"-rrre
;a a;;t iiil-ffi-ffi;riu;.
:i,*,.::-d*1Tl!i:--l p""y:Iii1i_t*I:l
submitted
puppy
weished
onrvir iui.
I
l:pi"'::"^l!!--"::9::"1:l_-R"
wouldbe considerednormaL).
| | re
i!fiini;;
agttBlt
aJiI
t(l
cii-r""s'i6"ibr.
Gross Patholoov
finn with pebbly surface.
@te,
Multiple rib fractures.
Bones soft, could be cut with a knife.
Gross swelllno and distortion of
' facial borresand mandibre.
Enlarsedparafnyroid-aGil;.
Anemic.
ffi
Sodiunr
ChLoride
Calcium
I48 nnpl./L
l@r nrnol/L
8.8 mgldl
Albumin
SGOT
SGPT.
LDrf
Z.e otAt
42 TIJ/L
26 IU/L
70 IU/L
Protein
5.4 sTat
case.,Tv- p8a-8 (AFIPl9alt?z).
.
rr5sue lrom a
Phosphate
l"l*
Potassiun
zuN
Creatinine
Cholesterol
Alk. Phosphatase
ZB.B rq/dI
6,2 rfuI/I
150 rgldl
5.1 frgldJ.
ZIS nglal.
276 Iil/L
hlBC IIr27Z/n1n3
Neut.
68?6 Eosino. 2%
Lyrph.
26% Mono.
4%
RBC
Hct
Hb
MCV
|,fCH
MCHC
Retic.
210701000
19.25
5.7
77.99uj
27.53 w.tg
29.6L%
6%
2 kodachromeslides)
pig, which was ore of a
;t'
:"8.?iJlThlii"ff"i[n
fif^S:.ni""]lJ
":::ft, li: :i-.;#:'rli:S'*ll'.]iln
:ffi:i,Tlll?l*"ln.r;^-I0",:ii.lil-:i_ii5,Ji"!'#;i##
nlXi"nllll"fi
*
i$":,fi
t':":
u,rlly)r
ano nousecton
concrete
::i3;3;"
fi
,
Ti:j:::
froors. "t"::*":;i;l:!:i;sl'r$r"iJTfi
There was a.+-weekhistorv;;
weak, down,
decreased
ctecreased
group
feed-consumotionfeedconsumption,
anrJ
innrôeco,{
-r^^.-:l11lt:-staggering,
iio in""";;;";.;i"ffi$Tj::
DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoqv
uepartnent of Veterinary pathol6gy
Histories
AFIP Wednesday
1 May 1985
CaseT - 8a-l9g (AFIP 1956713).
HrsEorv. Tissue from a wild groundhogof unknownage and sex.
Case II
- V84-24L or V84-375 (AFIP L945TI5
Yorkshire terrier dog. The clog
F'r-esenEeowrEn a 2
z crn
cm mass
mass on the
the dorsal
dorsal surface
surface of the
the nose
nose which-had
which-had been
oeen-iresent
ires
5 months(v84-241). During-inii tirne td-oog-nao beentreated
fol aogr-oximately
intermittently
with antibioties
with nnlv miiinar
er,ÂA6Tur rarr\t-!-A!
iiB,3itffi=i";:;;Til
i::"fl::::l:Jr,,yilh^"llil:p::_!lIl:?"1tF;$fj-",e1J."'.'"
'i"!iEi
tn"-"r,""i-ivea:;7#.'"";d$ftJJf
??s,::::"?:::_yi.:^:_:.ly:::.ylg"t_!f
_3ii;-;F
"d;:;il;i"o iH"if;I;lfiil.
This has not yei been biopsj.ed.
tlri
a
r-^^
--!
. .î
- -
7grl
a J'-year-ord male dcrnestic shorthair cat.
.*:ty^:fp{g_F:ig!:
This animal
on the skin of the race, ears, 'iil'
chin andbetween
':*'l3r:^".T"_i::i?l-d::f-*re
severe
over
a;;ffi=;#il:
-i;eru;
ia'i.""*F"!!!;ti.i#;#rTltr:
!ffi 3F:lH
il;i"il;;:"
i#":ffi.:'.:!
13*.T:';""1*jl'H^::::*:iit
-:irii?F
and*ti[ilii!!i
ll:il*^t*:?!5g,-I!:1.1pl_ lith' svsretic-corlicosteroids
n: i I
lrar{e
rxf
^t
.^-!.
.- t r
therapy-iaJ-ilte',eted
witho,ta,Jll!i:" fi# lli'ili3"iii.rrv
euthanatized.
:fifi33!!i?::gd
MrP 1947834).
two months.
rom a ro-year-old spayed femare domestic shorthair cat.
sores near the base of the tail had been p"eseni for
about
Captain, VC, USA
Registryof Veterinarypatholoov
Departmentof Veteriniry eatnoi6gy
Histories
AFIP WednesdaySlide Conference - No. 28
8 May 1985
Case I - 80650 AFIP 1910089), (2 kodachromeslides
se mare with a history of
progressive weight
a
AFIP 189458t
bian fiLly
was prcsented to teaching hospital
of progressiveabdominal
disteirsionino
"".rtr"nt-;;lil"Er'i-tlv,
F*ois;Paglo1?gh
^lp?:oli1'!:ll_1:-to20.titer: gl glolqy,redfruid conraining
li!:ffi::LIF'"?gitilli-".uiIv.--^;i,>?;i},L^.,.}[;1;.il:iili
' mass
waspresentin the ventral abdomen,
in p."t-ti tni=iiif,i-fi#[
hnrn
holn.
"no-"it."hed
case,TIT - 83-tt55B (AFIp LlALZS1).
expe lercecl an 8fr rnrtality
past seven days.
3 lodachrome slides
was rrom a
,300 layers that had
and a drop in egg production fiorn
S8%'to 19%owi-tne
Grosi Patholggg
birds with
for
e x a @ e y e r i c i _ - n o w a_Depressed
t t 1 e i _ * " " " . ' i 1 d 1 y t o s ecomb
v e r elesions
l y e d e mwere
a t o uselected
s.On
someseveeely edematoui cornbsthere were
areas' rn somebirds the scal.es of the multipie round rough brown ctepressed
the tracheal mucosaweDe
"ninx-6"
y"Sffifil, or the esophasear-*rco."
waspetecniitea.
-ss y.rx"feri[onilis
*as
a 4-year-o1d-quarterhorse starlion with
-asa 'L/z rnmth
t-1.
3
,,V)
tV
cowpie_Like
::lt3g-r:i:r_T.i$!_
lf r: . Feces
. ""riiniE
giliT":T"l3lu:r"t"y:yi:.1::^::l-::;g:f:"_*0,'.-'fi!iiii'"il$
rapid for 4 weLksprior to-Eutnanasiaano-n"."Jprv.
;:,":$:ftjif;
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoov
Departmentof Veteriniry pathoi6ey
Histories
AFIP Wednesday
15 May 1985
standardbred male'horse. This colt
"l-year-old
edema two weeks
prior to presentation and was treated with
Kanamyci-n.Ten days later it bbganbreebingfrJm venipuncturJ-sitesand from
mouth. There were petechiaeon [he screra ino oral meinuranJi-nithb1;aing-i;; the
the noseand mouth.
II
- 2988-84 (AFIP I945tI7).
a
L kodachrome slide
Dlooc,ydianhea (frank blood) 12-hours prior to death. s foal presented with a
Last year, a similar
condition affected one foaL frorn tnii samefam.
.e-gv.
I
sue rrom an aclult equine. Twotumors appeared the Fread
of the
the medial canthusof eacheye. rrre noilt--orrJonscratch
these
bled- Both tr.rnorsrrere rembvedsrrgicarlv ana sonitted
for
TV,- N-84-r4' (AFrP Le47se2).
DAVIDL. FRITZ, V.M.D.
Captain, VC, UST
Registry of Veterinary patholow
Departnentof Veteriniry F;il;ifoy
Histories
AFIP Wednesday
S1ide Conferenee- No. j0
22 May I9B5
CaseI - H08id440(AFIPt945ld9).
-o1d,intact,fema1e,Germanshorthairedpointer.
old mar,eBernesemountaindog. This animl
exniEiE;o-afimni.canorexia, t el.gnt-lois, st""Ii"orr_
respiration, conjurativitis
with proninent chemoslsan6 triiipr"
nooules
distributect over tfre entire
body, but especially-in nasal
"ui"nJJrr
-ino-iefa6sei.
region,
;Glil;-and
----''
scroturn.
The crinicar coursewas
characterized.by remissions
AFIP 1946'].8
female Hereford
fetus. This aborted fitus
-oi'iJ"l;#l';r
il
po1,gr,
::":lfi g;*r,ryltn'
* :?::"_iLll' 1"{
"-b;;ioii..ffi
";';;.il"iiirbl'"iu
"3"15
lnSl='
#3'#l
3:3:::il:iiJ"::i'*!i!;'i"Eiiiu'.:ffi;,T:ilf:"f":
riff:i:'?JRffT.gr::T":';l
t*J-ii'l*^:"r^*iii
three
aooilions'tF
ffiJi:Hriffiii"ll#'"1if, ,o"
past Hr":::=:ao
few yeats.
for the
I:l.iil
":S
r?^.1r*_?!!_"lt:_ Noabnormat
ctinical signs were
the animalts use in a chronic iiercii"
ituoy.
DAVIDL. FRTTZ,V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholow
Department of Veteriniry pathoi6gy
Results
AFIP tr/ednesday
Slide Conference _ No. 27
1 May 1985
Conference l.bderator:
Michael H. Goldschmidt, MSe., BVMS,MRCVS
Diplomate ACVp
Assistant professor of pathology
Department of Veterinary pathoibgy
Sehool of Veterinary tteiicine-University of pennsylvania
Philadelphia, pA f-gfO+
Lt).
Hi.gtory. Tfssrrtffi
wild groundhogof unknownage and sex. This
wild
groLndnogwanderedclose to the homeof
a veterinary student. The animal was
suspectedof rabies, tl're animaL was killed.
GrossPathology' The animal had a severe
crusting dermatitis, aecorpaniedby
alop@s
of its body at necropsy.
Chronicactive dermatitis due to Dermatophilus
sp.
inf.
AFrPDiamosis'- Dermatitis,_plasmacytic, diffuse,
rilg, with hyperkeratosis,
paraffinosii,ino-ini"a-xerl[in6usderrnaioe[iris-1ikeorganisns,
3l*:iHj::";
nos,iodentiJtiorogy-:Iorilaibi;;iii-0.*efe;firr;'-'
sround
conferenc"
I9!*.Due.to the.abrupt transition of haired to glabrousskin in
many@ipanti-surmisedlnat-iuc[sectionsrepresenEarnjcocutaneous
jr'nction' the biscusslon-"entereo
tne inr*n" status oi-tnis animal, qr.restioning
whetherderrnatophilosis-wasprimaryon
or
secondaryin this case. The infection in
this case appeals stperficiai;-tne'ciis"icar-fiternate
layering of nantrophirs and
keratin, so often s?-elil pririrary dermatopniroii",
ii-not'i"!".nt.
Additionally,
the presenceof. a-1ir! plaimacvtl"-fiiii#J;;'wiln
occario"ir Russet].body cetls,
in the papillary dermis, was-iuggestiveor an'immune-mediated
disease.
The skin of susceptible animals is infected by zoospores
shed from animals
hhich have been chronicaliy
iniecteo.
lrlotile zoospores
migrate chenptacticalry
to
areas of the susceptible hbst's skin trom-wnicn.tn! i"ipiiiloiy
efflux
of
co2
is
highest - thin skinned areas. Zoopores
to produce hypnae which peretrate
the living epidermis and elicit an acuteierminate
inflanmatory'response'which is probabry a
responseto produets
of celLular_damage.
ilnn99 i.ater divide, first transversery,
thm longituclinatlY'. produce.zoosp6ies
ctSfiiei-*ni.t'riiiiitr
!o
to ar€asor tower
c02concentration(ixin i;urface)wneie-inev
of the host,s
skin, or infect gthgr.hosts-bycontactor via
"i"-i"riit-Jtii"i'1""..
mechanical
arthropoct
vectors
(Scanlon,Garrett, Geiger, Igt4).
There is nov evidence for a pathogenic role
for Q, congolensis in tissues
thanthe skin. simiLarorsanisms
hav6beeno"ron"l"-T"ititi-fr.ritv-gil"Jr*r,
other
and lymphnodesof cats, tonsillar abscesies-inpigs, subcutaneous
nodular disease
in man, and lymph node and subcutaneousabscessesin various
other species (Gibson,
Thomas,Domjahn,19gr).
Contributor.- Laboratoryof^Pathology,
Schoolof Veterinary Medicine,
univETTirv-6TEnnsvrvanii-,'3d0a
philadelphia,pennsylvania
apil;-3i"#;
1e104.
lgggesteg. regdins.
utDsonr J. A.r^Thomas,. J., and-Domjahn,
R. L.:
f,
i;8lt*"s
Subcutaneous
and rynph node
dueto Dermato6hilus
congoreniisii . steer. vet. path. 2oz t2o;,-rz?,
Lloyd, D' H', and Nobre, w.-c.-: Dermatophilus
i n m i e e f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a c i o n o r - icongolensis
i " t t i o n as
. Ba rmoder
. V e pathogen
t . J .
138: .51-50, I9BZ.
lbtnctani' E' , rnui, s., rshikawa, Y. et al.
: Granulomatoussub-dermal lesions
in sheep ino6ulaled wiin o6rmatr
nobbrts,D.-.:;6:.,jl,l"Tgi'i?'!*.,;:,#7,]-.i;;4.
Roberts, D.
actinomyceteDerl::
Ilg hislopathoiogy-oi-eiioermarinfection with the
.^_$il1;;;.ji,'"il^;u;:::;:;Jmil.:"ii::;olensis
infectionsofcattieanosn6ep.c6mp.coni.-iiu..giil:tffii956
rr4eev.rt'
rrDDus rrcrn a o-year-ord remale Yorkshire
terrier dog. The doq
presenteclwith a 2 cm masson the dorsal,
surface of the nose whiii=n"o "o!"i-ir"""n.
rvea-iari.--D,;;;;-iniiti'" fnJ-oJg
hadbeen
6eateo
f:1"*Il:l3?:.ly.i
intermittentlv
witnryl*:
antioioiics_rit1'oniv-riXd;t-J;;;r;'.;;:
Li3l,f,!"1.;:;:T"
'tumor'
presented
dog
with a
under the skin oi tn" chest (vg4:t75). Subsequ6ntry
(1 monthtater), another simiLar-appearing
g"or, resion has appearedon the trunk.
This has not yet been biopsied.
Contributorts Dia
consi.stent w
Corment. Panniculitigr pyogranulomatous,
nodular,
FilFi-o'iiu la r panni cur i i i i, Er i ni cau v i 16, subcutis
of nose and chest.
l{hile microbiologic cultures were not performed on the biopsj.ed
tissues,
speciar stains (PAS' Gffi, acid fast.no-g"!rj
iailed to reveai-.ny
agents.
Nodular panniculitis is probab.lynot-a specific disease Jntitv,-ili-it*'"Il."
".urative
.
is not known. rt is characterized 6y tne oeieiopment of sterile
subcutaneous
granulomas(lobular panniculitis) or-pyogranuior."r_that
may, on occasion undergo
cystic necrosis and ulceration. tlost'Lpisodes develop first in
ctogsless than 5
month.sof. age, but. it qray-al-sobe of aoutt onset. n breeo pr-oilection
is seen for
the dachshund- A benefitial repsonse to systemic grucocorti"oio" has been
reported.
rn addition to. ruring out the presence of infedti;G ;#;i",
on"
shourd
consider rupus erythematosis and pbncreatitis in the diffeientiir
oiag toii- ano
also search for the presence of vasculitis before making the diagnosii of
idiopathic nodular panniculitis.
AFIP Diaonosis.
York@aninel-
Panniculitis,
nodular, granulomatous,diffuse, severe, skin,
2
Conference Note. In most sections, scattered aggregates of neutrophils lead
so{ne@favoramodifier6tpyogranu1omatousoVelgranu1omatous.În
somesections, focally-extensive edemaand-himorrhage is present in the superficial
subcutis.
The moderator did not think this case was typical of the cases of nodular
panniculitis he has seen. The occurrence in this dog of several isolated nodules
contrasts with the usuaL finding of large numbersof nodules which arise as a
'rcropfr. In other cases he has seen, the moderator noted a more characteristic
pyogranulomatousresponse, with more eosinophils, and more macrophageswith
granules of partial.J.y cataboLized lipids.
This is most readily evident, in his
experience, in thin (1 micron) sectj.ons. Someparticipants did, however, note
aleas of obvious fat necrosis with what appeared to be macrophagesand occasional
giant cells reacting to that process.
The differential
diagnosis included infection by Sporotrichum, atyoical
mycobacieria, and fungi. Although special stains oonE-aFi6?T['p weie equivocal
(as were the contributors), the moderator stressed that neither Sporotrichun nor
atypical mycobacteria is easily demonstrated by routine special EEaTilfis
irportant wfen c.ulturing such lesions to cultuie from an bxcision biopsy, as-ine
material which drains from the nodules is invariably contaminated.
Baker and Stannard (1975) divide canine nodular panniculitis into 2 forms: one
forrn occurs in young dogs, is steroid-responsive, and regresses. The ou-rer form
occurs in older doggr_is-also steroid responsive'but recirs whensteroiJ inerapy is
reduced. AcJ<erman
(I98/t) adds three more forms to include-ana
a form associated with
lupus.erytherytosus,. a form associated with pancreaiitii,
a third form
associ.ated with erythema nodosumwhich is rare.
Contributor.
Penn5ffifrii-f5632.
EttrshyRun ResearchCenter, RD lt|, Mellon Road, Export,
Suggesteclreadino.
^.^@anj'nenodu1arpannieu1itis.Comp.Cont.Educ.6(9):
81H24,
lgg4.
A. A-: Nodurarpannicuritis in the dog. J. Am.
$ker'-8. B.'-ll9^:ta!!?r9r
Vet. l,bd. Assoc. 167(g)z 7F2-7b5, 1975.
, Fdgq"r T-. P., ?nq Furrow, R. D.: Idiopathic nodular panniculitis in a Gerrnan
shepherd. J. AT. Anir.
nosp. Assoc. ZO: eOte06, l_9g4.
lvbreau,P. M., Fisker.R. A.r_Lees, G. E. et il.:
Disseninatednecrotizing
pannicuJ.itis and pancreatic nodular nvperpiisii
in a dog. J. Am. Vet. !ted. Assoc.
180(4) z 422-425, Ls8Z.
l'fuller, G- H.r_Kirk, R. rt|., and_scottr_D.V,r.: Animal Dermatorogylnr{.
B.
SaundersConpany,philadelphia, I9gt, pp.'ZOi_iff.
Lott-stoll'.9.''and
P.: Generalized
nodurar
dermatofibrosis
. Ptglr f:r
litbr
in six Alsations. Vet. path.'2Oz6j2_e3+r'I98;.
7
Case III
- VW4ZO6) Rffp IgttTBtI).
Id male domestic shorthair cat. This animaL
,
- oevelopedcrusty weepinglesions on the skin of the face, ears, chin
and o"t*e.n
the toes. The lesion becamemore severe over a l-rnonth p""ioo. The
toes
became
swollen and a greenish-white creamymaterial eould ne
exire-ieo from smre of tfre
nail beds. Tha claws eventuailv sioJgn;-ilo;
the front paws. No response was
noted to prolonged,therapy with- systeilie coriicosteroids
tno antiuiotics.
cyclophosphamidetherapy was attempteJ-witnori ,r"."...
The
cat was finally
euthanatized.
Gross Patholggy. A crusty thickening of the skin
the eyes,
o v e r f f i * i i p e J t o f t h i n " i o , a r o u n d t h e m o u t h ' o V e r t h e was
n o sevident
e , a n d o around
n
the ears' The skin around the anus and eovering the
scrotum'wasroughenedand
hyperemic. There was crusty thickenilg;'tn"
ixin
between
the toes and the toes
were swollen' A caseous gn6en-ye11owixudaie-couro
be
expressed
frqn the third
phalynx of manyof the to6s. N6 signiii""ni-internal
lesions were found.
Laboratory Results.
r/ FeLv test negative 2 monthsprior to euthanasia.
2) E' cori andFroteus!!"++$' tr"""-irJiated from
a toe 2 monthsprior to
necropsy.Jy-eastnrtro.o@j-*ii-i'orateo-irom-Iieexuoateexpressed
from a toe at tne tifr6-6ffi6Fopsy.
r oContributor
r r . i l ? " - :pemphigus
:ilil],ii*"H..il3::i:i:.:li".
Specific disease:
foLiaceus.
The distribution of thb rEsions-ii.".-i"""r.
ea,rs,pawsand anus) is typical of
perphigus foLiaceus. Vessicre formati;'in-ilth
and the presenceof acantholytic eelli *itnin-tne the epidermis and hair follicres
vesiltir-.""-typical histoJ.ogic
features of pemphigus
foliaa"ul.
h6;;k;ratosii,-i""ntnoii.,
acantholysis,
.
Ih"
inflammatoryceJ'l Infiltratis-ino
focal b"o.ion are considerednonspecific changes.
AFrPDiaonosis. Pustules,
m o o e f f i n 9 r y p i s - - i o ' i n i ' . 1 . o ; I.subcorneal,
1 ; _ s u b a c u epidermal
t e o e r m i t iand
t i s , follicglar,
s k i n a n d multifocal,
footpad (per contrioutoi), domestic-inorinai"-]'r"rin".
conferera"
Histologig-Sections vary in that somesubcornealpustules
Bla
are
intaffiriab].eni'o"""ofneutroinir"andacantho1yticce].1swhile
others have ruptured and are empty. Acanthoilsis, Jno
;;;;-;;;"sional
pustules,
are present in manyhair follicres.
The differential diagnrosisfor the presenceof subcornealepidermalpustules
folia6eous and pemphigus
erygrrematosis,subcornealpustular
'su6eornEfu
iry-rupes.pemphigus
dermatosis,
and.inpetigo contagiosa.
p"iiJrJi'oJ"r"tosis doesnot
involve hair follig+"tl a featire seenin this case, and
afflicted animalsare
usually very prurili.;-pruritis
wasnot noted in this cat. rrpetigo is
indistirguishable.histologically from subcotnearpuiturir-oeillrtosis
and doesnot
involve hair follicles5taphlococci
and streptococci are often not seen within
^
tlrc lesj'on. Pemphigusfoliaceus-and
erythematbsis are indistinguishable except
that the latter i.s usually restricted to tne heao, unlike the
lesions in this
case. . Scott, and co-workers (1990) reported the presence
of
-lrueirer,
subcorneal
pustules in
two cats (and one dog) witn systemic rlpus-ervthematosus.
Kirk
and scott
(198t) further state-in sorne6inin" ano-ierinl-cases
of pemphigusforiaceous,
deposition of immunoglobulin in the basementmembranezone is accompaniedby a
positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA); this has promptedsomeworkers to contemplate
the existence of a crossover syndromebetween pemphigusand lupus erythematosus.
The unresponsi.venessof this cat to immunosuppressioncaused someparticipants
to question a diagnosis of pemphigus. However, hi.storicalJ-y feline pemphigus
foliaceus and erythematosus are characterized by refractoriness to routine doses of
corticosteroids (t'lanninget aI., 1982). Involvenent of the nail beds, as in this
case, is more characteristic of pemphigusvulgaris.
The Department of Dermatopathologyconeurred with a diagnosis of penphigus
foliaceous and offered a differential
diagnrosis of subcorneal pustular clermatosis
and irpetigo contagiosa.
Contributor.- NewMexico Veterinary Diagnostic Services, 700 Caminode Sa1ud,
NE, @
NewtGxico 87106.
Suooestedreadino.
Ackerman,L. J.: canine and feline pemphigusand pemphigoid. part l.
Pernphignls.Corp. Cont. Educ. 7(Z): B9-9h, 19g5.
. .caciolo, l. L.,_Nesbitt, G. H., and Hurvitz, A. r.: pemphigusfoliaceus in
eight cats and results of induction therapy using azathioprine.- J. Am. Anim. Hosp.
Assoc. 2Oz 57L-57/, L984.
- _ - M a r n i r t g T.
, 0 ., S co tt, D . yy., Sm ith, C. A. et a1.: Pemphigusdiseases in the
feline: Sevencase reports and discussi6n. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. IBz 477-M3,
L982.
hl. B.
_ ltlullel, G. H., Kirk, R. l{., and Scott, D. W.: Animal DerrnatoJ.ogy,
SaundersCo., I983r FF. Mg-46V.
scottr. D:-w., l{olfer..M. J., and Lewis, R. M.: Tfre conparative pathology of
non-viral bullous skin diseasei in donestic animals. Vet. Path. L7z 257-25i, lSeO.
CaseIV _ A8/r_75(AFIP L947at4).
year-old spayed femaLedonrestic shorthair cat.
sores near the base of the tail had been present for about
Physical findings incruded 2 firm ulcerated sxin lbiions
of the tail, pitting edemaof the rear^legs, and a finn, fibrous band near the base
leading to
the ventral abdominal wall which restricted rear limb movement.
contributorrs Diagnosis & comment.- Malignant basal cell tunor
with vascular
inva
triJi""iiginated
from the skin at the base
of the tail.
The fibroui tissue palpated in the ventraL abdominal wall was
due to
desmoplasia acconpanying lygphatib mbtastaies. There ,e"e *etistases
to
regional
lymph nodes, lungs, bnO-sXlfbtaL muscle.
Basalcell tunors are generallyconsideredto. be
g
benignneoplasms.However,
of 81 basal cell turnorsin-cats sebn at AMAH
had histotoglc i""tu"es indicative of
malignancy. Features indicative of malign"n.y-incluoeJ it"orir
invasjon.(8), desmoplasia(8), foci of nE""oiLr-ieil-rit"ii|"ino"* and capsular
per.HFF-(8), - vascuLarinvasion 1t+) ano meiiit".ii'ir.' ;-;6;o;;r-;;; of 2 or qreater
r
iri. "oF'tn"
81 basaLcell tr-rmots,2296were cysfic,
40%w"re urcerated, and 50%were pigrnented.
Noneof the 8 marignanttumorswlre pigmentedor cystic.
Carcinorna,with basaloid and hair follicle
_,.,_4fP**qS*L (per
skin,
tail base
contributor), domestic shorthair, feline.
differentiation,
conference Nqte. All participants agreed that this is a malignant
N e s t f f i o p r a s [ i c _ c e 1 1 s n a v e ' i n v i d e d t h e s u b c u t i s w h e r e t | r e r e i s a I s o a neoplasm.
severe sclerosing-reaction and convineing evidence of vascular (veint
inozo"
lymphatics) invaiion.
Discussion theref6re centered on the histogenesis of the
neoplasm. Due to the formation of trabeculaJ-anOpackets of
by relati'veLv avascular stroma, manyparticipants felt that bland cells delineated
Merkel.cell
(trabecular)-carcinoma shoulo-6e in'ti'le difierential
diagnosis.
other participanrs
noted populations of pale cells with abundani cytoplasm,
sometimes
aligned on
connective tissue.elements, and others associateo ivitn ha$
i;liicr"i,=Jo
iavoreo
a follicular
origin for th6 neopl"", ip"rii"uiarfy
tricholemmoma).
In
sore
histologic-sections, cords of neoprasiic cJirs-ar6 emigrating-from
the basal.
epiderrnis into the dermis; this. rinoing,
with th5-prominant packeting of
ii."E
cells, lead other particiiants to agre6'ri[n ihe contrioirtoris
diganosis of
malignrant basal cell tumoi.
contributor.
eost6iffiili[settI
Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, t50 s. Hr.rntingtonAvenue,
ozuo.
Sy"q.steg
ulEerst R' "e"di"g.
w: r
!3r:!r f. M.: Feline basal cell turnors: A review of LZtt
cases. Vet. path. :?d
ZI: 5I_56', L994.
bldschmidt' M. H.: gas6r- and squamous-ceLlneoplasms
of dogs and cats. Am.
J. Dermatopath.'
6(2)
:- tgg-loZ] tgaa.
Reynoldsi H. A.:
----Ftyr,D'-W..r.and
management
The incidence, characteristics
and cLinical
of skin turnorsof cats. J. Am.A;fi. Hosi. nssoc.-rz, roz&ilot4
l9gl.
,"r*S:ilol;.';r1;r:to.)t
Tr.mors
in oomeiticln:.mari,
u"iv.-oic.urorniaF"..r,
DAVIDL. FRITZ.V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of Veterinary patholoqy
Department of Veteriniry pathoi6gy
Results
AFIP Wednesday Slide Conference - N o . 2 8
8 Mav 1985
Helen M. Acland, B.V.Sc.
Diplornate ACVP
Department of Pathobiology
School of Veterinary Medicine
University
of Pennsylvania
New BoIton Center
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Case I 0650 (AFIP 191-0089). (2 kodaehrome slides)
Histgry.
quarter horse mare with
Tissue from a l9-year-old
progressive weight loss and uLcerative coronitis.
a history
of
There was ulceration
of the coronary band on all feet.
There
was diffuse ulcerative
colitis
and typhilitis.
There rilere several 1-3 cm firm
nodules in the pancreas.
There was patchy fibrosis
noEed grossly in the liver.
There were a few granuloma in the liver.
Laboratorv Results.
There was no eosinophilia,
and the serum protein profile
was nor:maI. There ltas a noderate increase in serum aLkaline phosphatase.
Contribgtor'g
Diagnosis & Co'n'uent. Chronic fibrosing
pancreatitis
with
g r a n a , a n d e o s i n o p h i t I n i i 1 t r a t i o n . P r e s u u p t i v e
jtrongvl.us equinue migration.
This pancreatic lesion nas an incidental
finding at necropsy.
Although
S. equinus frequently migrates to the pancreas the agent induces a minimal lesion.
The extensive involvement of the pancreas seen grossly was unusual.
Histologically
the features normal.Ly associated with parasite migration (fibrosis,
eosinoptrils,
granulomas and parenchymal loss) were noted, and in addition
lhere rlas a tremendous
hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts.
This horse also had a diffuse ulcerative colitis
and typhlitis
with a heavy
infiltrate
of eosinophil.s in the submucosa. In areas, there rdas an exudate of
eosinophils on the ulcerated mucosaL surface.
There rras e heavy mixed mononuclear
ceLl infiltrate
around mucosal vesseLs of the large bowel.
There was bile duct
hyperplasia and fibrosis
with parasitic
granuloma for-mation in the liver.
The
composite of lesions is similar to that described as chronic eosinophilic
gastroenteritis
in horses.
Our case certainly
supports the hypottresis that such
generalized lesions are manifestations
of a hypersensitivity
t; parasitic
antigens.
AFrP Piagnos*s. Parrcreatitis, eosinophilic and fibrosing, focally extensive,
severe, with eoeinophilic granulonas, pancreas, quarter horse, equine; etiology--
compatible
with
Strongvlus
equinus
migration.
In addition lo changes noted in the morphologic diagnosis'
conference Note.
and
ducts surrounded by infla'r*ation
ectatic interlobular
many sectioos cJiEfned
or
hyperplastic
is
epithelium
the
There was discussion as to whether
fibrosis.
The moderator comented that, in
whether the apparent tryperplasia is artifactual.
juncture
with the duodenum, the
its
to
sections of pancreatic duct adjacent
misinterpreted'
easily
thus
is
and
complex
morphology oi tt" duct is
as Pancreas
identified
In the gross photographs, one tissue can be tentatively
at the apex. The large white nodules
due to the presence of some lobulation
In the colon, numerous
and inflamation.
represent periducEular fibrosis
of much of the remaining
are present and the greenish discoloration
uLceratiotl
mucose suggests the presence of granulocytes.
from
resulting
This cage is considered to be typical of chronic pancreatitis
and
cavity
the
abdorninal
through
parasite
migrates
also
This
S. equinus migration.
often
remains
and
is
subclinical
pancreatitis
horse
usually
in
the
Tlvffironic
replacement of the isl.ets of Langerhans. Unlike other
there is fibrotic
so until
species, pancreatic exocrine secreEions of the horse are not thought to be highly
but may be important in providing a rnedium for ion exchange
important in digestion,
(l{orris,
The various skin disorders often
1983).
in the terminal ileun
(and other forms of GI disease) ' are
pancreatitis
accompanying equine chronic
thought to result from a defect in essential fatty acid absorption (Rooney, 1985).
in a
and ulcerative colitis
This case of chronic eosinophilic pancreatitis
(
1
9
8
5
)
.
horse nas recently reported by Breider, Kiely, and Edwards
Contributor.
ueaiiliEl-doiTEe
Department of Veterinary
Pathology,
CoLLege of Veterinary
Station, Texas 77843.
Suggested reading.
J. &n. Vet. Med.
in a horse.
Bakerl R. H.:
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Assoc. L72(3)z 268-270, L978.
Chronic eosinophilic
Breider, !1. A., Kiely, R. G., and Edwards, J. F.:
pancreatitis
J. An. VeE. l.led. Assoc. 186(8):
coLitis in a horse.
and ulcerative
809-811,1985.
and pancreatic
Bulgin, M. S., and Anderson, B. C. : Verminous arteritis
necrosis with diabetes mellitus in a pony. Comp. ConE. Educ. 5(9): S482-S485, 1983.
Morris, D. D.:
In Current Therapy in Equine l'ledicine,
Chronic pancreatitis.
W. B. Saunders Co., 1983, pp. 253'254
Rooney, J. R.:
Autopsy of the Horse, Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1970,
pp. 69-70.
LecLure on Equine Pathology, Charles L. Davis Course in Gross
Rooney, J. R.:
Morbid Anatony of the Diseases of Animals, Bethesda, Maryland, April 1985.
- 4265-83 (AFIP 1894683).
a b i a n f i l l Y w a s presented to teaching hosPital
witb history of progressive. abdominal distension and recurrent colic of 3 daYs
Case II
duration.
severe.
Diarrhea
was observed intermittently.
Ttre fi1ly
was euthanatized.
Colic
became proEracted
and
of cloudy' red fluid eontaining
20.liters
&9ro111ate1y 15 to
gross parhologv.
A 32x27x27 cm' 7 kg' tan-yellow
cavity.
end of the
rags was presenr in the .iJfuir,"r
fibrin
to the distal
rt was
abdomen'
;.;";t;
"tt"tnta
ress nas present
cvsts were observed
"."aitr
Fluid filled
The mass was multilobulatel' -iti-aty
palpated in
right urerine horn.
was
,oaleriat
eut surfaces.
on the surface as weLL as on the
involving the ovarian ligament'
There was 3600 volvulus of the mass
some areas.
mesovarium and broad ligament'
LaboratorvResults.ClinicalpathologyathosPitaladmission:
HematologY:
L6.2 gldL
Hemoglobin
427"
PCV
13.84 x 1g67sgn3
RBC
25. I x 1937pp3
I{Bc
26:Z 19,076/un3
seg.
6',024/w3
it z
Lynph
Adequate
Platelets
5.1 g/dl
Plasma Protein
600 rng/dl
Fibrinogen
ChemisEry:
BI'N
Total Protein
Albumin
totaL
Bilirubin,
ALk. Phos.
Gama GT
SGOT
Sodium
Potassitrm
Chloride
Calcium
Phosphorous
l,lagneeium
19.6 rngld1
3.6 eldL
L.07 gldL
3.2 mg/dL
140 ru/L
1l_.0ru/L
105 IU/L
138 l,leq/L
3.64 rieq/L
LO8 Meq/L
9.5 ng/dL
5.85 rng/d1
1.3 rng/dL
Abdo'rninal Fluid:
PCV
PLasma protein
Cytology
Red, cloudy
PH6
Spec. gravity
Tot. prot.
Cell count
DifferentiaL
A few bacteria
2.25"4
2'6 elat
1.020
2 . 7 g l d L^
1.0 x 10r
Set 247"
Lyroph 12%
llononuclear 647
(bacilli)
HistoPathologY:
Ovarian neoPlasm:
Ln some areas
appearance are Present.
Masses of cltts with epithelial
cells
and cyst formation are observed. The epithelial-like
roseLte, follicuLar
thus
cytoplasm
basophilic
have round nuclei wiLh varying amounts of slightly
Anorphous, basophilic material Probably rePresenting
resembling granulosa celLs.
The neoplastic granulosa,cells
mucin is present wiEhin the fo11icles and cysts.
are suppott"a Uy stroma composed of prominent plumb spindle shaped cells with foany
Connective tissue and vessels are intermixed.
cytopllsn resembling theca celts.
Contrib,tlort
s Diagnosis
& Co re
Granulosa theca eell
tumor, right
ovaryt
nrauffi-
The noiphology. of this ovarian tumor is more consistent with granulosa theca
granules were observed in a smaLl- number of
Slaii(, intracytoplasmic
cell tumor.
fixed
osmium tetroxide
the theca-1ike cells of this neoplasm when post fortalin,
and
steroids.
drqplets
sections were examined. Theca cells do contain fat
They
Granulosa cell tumors are the most common ovarian tunor in the adult equine.
the
in
reported
been
not
are uncormon in young animals and human beings and have
Publication of this case is in Process.
young eguine.
Ttrese gunors have the capacity to form hormonally active steroids; metastasis
No evidence for hormonal effects or metastasis were Present in this
is reported.
and
It was thought that the 360o volvulus resulted in the severe aseitis
case.
colic.
Granulosa ceJ-l tumor, juvenile
AFIP Diagnosis.
Arabian, equine.
contributor),
tyPe, right
ovary (per
This neoplasm has several features which suPPort the
Conference Note.
aiagffigranu1osace11tumorinc1udingthenuILipIe1obu]'esof
with mucinous material and lined by
which are filled
follicl.es
variably-sized
granulosa cells supported by stroma containing a protninent population of theca
cel1s.
cystadenomas lack the theca cell component and are generally
Differentially,
They are uncoffilon in young animals.
unlike this case.
cystic and papill"ry,
granulosa cell tumors are
In ovarian tuu6rs of the human female, juvenile
from the adult type by their more cystic appearance and by the
differentiated
The adult type
prominent population of thecal ceLls, many of which are luteinized.
growing
and not Particularly
rnalignant but is usually slow
is always potentially
Althougir a srall,er percentage of juvenile tumors.are nalignant (52)'
.ggt""ri.r..
the6e are much more aggressive than the adult type (Fox' 1985).
School of Veterinary
Contributor.
Oregon 9733L.
Corvallis,
l"lediciae, Oregeon State University,
Suseested r9@.
ffir',G.M.,andBowen,J.M.:Granu1osathecace11tumorina
Cohp. Cont. Educ. 5(3): 5141-5144, 1983.
Eare.
J. Pathol. L45z 127-L48, L985.
Fox, It.:
Sex cord-stromal. tumours of the ovary.
The estrous cycle and
I{ughes, J. P., Stabenfeldt, G. H., and Kennedy, P. C.:
in
the mare. Vet. Clinics
pathoLo9ic
abnormalities
ovarian
and
selected funcEional
l-980.
225-239
No. Amer. 2Q):
'
Moulton, J. E. (Ed.): Tumors in Domestic Animals, Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley'
L978, pp. 331-336.
kodachrorne q!!lgg)
c-niEtorv.
ase III - e3-1f558 (SIP 19a125
o f 2 1 , 3 0 0 Layers that had
This 9O-week-old bird was f t o t a - 1 o c k
19% over the
in egg Production from 582 to
expeEnced an 8Z mortalitY and a droP
past seven daYs.
G r o s s P a t h o l o g y . D e p r e s s e d b i r d s w i t h c o m b ] ' e s i o n s w e r e s e l e cedematous'
tedfor
on
to sevelely
Gombs, eyelids and wattles ltele nildly
examination.
rlund rough brown depressed
nuLtiple
some severeLy ed-naio.rs cotb" tieie-tere
Or the tracheal' mucosa were
In some birds the scales of the shank
areas.
was
Egg yolk peritonitis
htas Petechiated'
hyperemic, or the esophagear tt"o".
frequent.
the
The standard technique was used for determining
Laboratory ResulEs.
ry;;-;;"inocu1ationofchickembryos,.te€tingof
:iffi[:"':"1$iTliiu"ll]"i.i.ger,,rinating
A internal
type "".i"iry,
e*aminaril"or chorio-
antigen by an agar gel
of
all.antoic membranes for the pt.i!o""
in bLood, brain' eorob' heart'
Influenza .rit,rs was identified
teEt.
precipitin
Eurbinates and liver of this
trachea,
kidney, Iung, pancre€ra, proventriculus,
Veterinary Services
The isolate nas subtyped as I15N2 by the National
bird.
Laboratory.
ocal coalescing
C o n t r i b u t o r r s D i ? g + o s e s . * . C . g g e n q :- - 1 ) S e v e r e ' a c u t e ' m u l t i f
necrotizingpancffiffuse,granu1oma!ousperitonitis.
2) Egg volk
L) Avian influenza virus infection'
st1orogii Di;;;;;;:
peritonitis.
of highly Pathogenie avian influenza
This flock was involved in the epornitic
that occurred in Pennsylvania in 1983-84. The Lesions most
virus infection
necrotizing
subacute myocarditis,
frequently seen were nonsuPPurative encephal'itis,
birds fron
belween
varied
pancreatitis
The
myositis.
pancreatitis
ana necrotizini
was
affected pancreases, the infl'amation
Ln niiafy
very nild to aevere.
the more
In
the
islets.
from
distant
rnost
areas
and in the exocrine
multifocal
the
only
that
so
had
coalesced
lesions
focaL
severely affected pancreasee the
case in
the
is
Such
spared.
were
tissue
islets and a surrounding zone of exocrine
sections.
in
some
not
or
Present
the tissue submitted, aithough islets are rare
globule or
Acinar cell.s are replaced by vacuoles containing an eosinophilic
of heBerophils
SmalL
numbers
debris.
gr"ol1es and chromatin
eosinophiii"
irregular
there are
islets
parenchyna.
In
some
ana rnita edema are present in Ehe affected
incLusions.
intranuclear
pale eosinophiLie single or multiple
'AFIP
aeute to subacute, multifocal
necrotizing,
Diagnoses. 1) Pancreatitis,
chicken, avian; etiology-severe, pancreas, breed unspecified,
ana 6EgE
granulomatous'
(avian
2) Peritonitis,
influenza).
compatible with orthomyxovirus
with a
diffuse,
moderate, pancrestic mesenteric attachment; etiology--compatible
peritoneal
cavity.
reaction to free yoke material in the
'
structures
noted intranuclear
In some sections, participants
Conference Note.
tt'ouffiionbodieswithince11sofis1etsofLangerhans.However,the
moderator, who contributed this case, said that not all sections contain islets,
In a paper recently
thus, inclusion bodies are not present in many sections.
published by the moderator (Acland, Silverman, Bachin, and Eckroade, 1984), it is
occurs in Ehe nuclei of chick
noted that irmunospecific
staining consistently
I{hile inclusion bodies are not
embryo celLs infected with the infLuenza virus.
:ypical of influenza viraL infection
of any speeies, perhaps their presence in Ehis
case reflects
i n t h e n u c l e u s a s i s s o m e L i m e ss e e n i n
sequestration of viral'protein
canine distemper virus infection.
Present in the kodachrome
for the gross lesions
diagnosis
The differential
d
i
sease, although particiPents
Newcastle's
viscerotropic
stides included velogenic
Participants
t
hat disease'
i
n
if ever seen
was rarely
thought that pancr".iiti"
histologic
t
h
e
f
o
r
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
that there was no gooa differential
furEher thought
a
v
i
a
n influenza'
o
n
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
In some of the ol-der
in this case.
preseat
lesions
finding'
is not a constant
however, Pancreatitis
and fibrosis
degeneration
areas of acinar
more chronic
In some sections,
s
u
P
e
r
i
mposed on an
a
r
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
z
a
a
v
i
a
n
of
suggest that the more acute lesions
condition.
unreLated chronic
Laboratories of Large Animal Pathology and Poultry Pathology'
contributor.
19348'
of Pennsylania, New BolEon CenEer, KenneEt Square, Pennsulvania
University
Suggested readi+Ft
Bachin, L. A., ao9 Eckroade, R. J.: Lesions in
AcLand, ti. Ulffifverman
avian influenza
broiler and layer chickens in an outbreak of highly pathogenic
Vet. Path. 2Lz 564'569, 1984'
virus infection.
of fowl plague
Beaudette, F. R., Iludson, c. 8., and Saxe, A. H.: An outbreak
1
9
3
4
.
i n N e wJ e r s e y i n 1 9 2 9 . J . A g r i c u l . R e s . 4 9 ( 1 ) | 8 3 ' 9 2 ,
in
Eckroade, R. J., silverman, L. A., and Acland, H. l'1.: Avian influenza
F
e
b
'
1
9
8
4'
D
a
v
i
s
,
Pennsylvania. 33rd West. Poultry Dis. Conf., Univ. Calif',
i
n
f
e
c
t
i
on in
Narayan, O., Lang, G., and Rtuse, B. T.: A new influenza A virus
turkeys. Archiv Virusforschung 26: 166-182, 1959'
F o w Lp e s t . J . A m . V e t . I l e d . A s s o c . Z L z 3 - L 2 , 1 9 2 6 .
Stubbsl E. L.:
U y s , C . J . , a n d B e c k e r , W . B . : J . C o m p .P a t h ' 7 7 2 L 6 7 - L 7 2 , 1 9 6 7 '
case rv - N83--852 (AFIP 1902492).
with a 5-L/2 roonth
old quarter horse stallion
as cowpie-like
Feces
remained
loss'
and progressive weight
i,ist6friE'iarrhea
prior
to euthanasia
4
weeks
for
raPid
!{eight loss was especiatly
despite therapy.
corticosteroids.
and
lve:mectins
with
The horse was trealed
and necropsy.
The glandul-ar portion of the gastric wall was dif fuseJ-y
Gros.s pathoLogv.
tni.@ea1,edematous,whitetissueandhyperp1asiaofthemucosa
on1.y by linear fissures and small
which fornei fir:m nodular rnasses interrupted
The pylorus nas very distended, i'r"nobile and firm with
areas of ulceration.
The duodenum and to a lesser extent the upper jejunum
similar waLl thickening.
of the walls cireumferentially
rhickening and rigidity
were dllated and finn iittr
areas was multifocally
these
of
and edema. The mucosa
by submueosaL fibrosis
a yellow diphtheritic
with
covered
and
ulcerated
tryperpl.astic and nodular or
but otherwise no:mal'
fluid
consistency
of
was
content
menbrane. The intestinal
areas of uucosal
small
few
a
with
edematous
diffusely
were
walls
colon
The large
jejunun and
lower
The
in the large colon and cecum.
and nodularity
ttrictenlng
moderately
was
The small colon wall
ileum were flaccid but otherwise normal.
thickened and focally ulcerated.
lynph nodes were enlarged and edemaLous'
IntestinaL
parasitism was Present.
No gross evidence of gastrointestinal
ffi,"llii'l.l,ffi::}:::;":*3:::'':r;:::';"::"::F1,..'..
and
hypoProte:.nem:.a
glucose tolerance, xyl0se absorption
function tests stoweJ al"r"""La
the
rnrestinal
of
hyperpLasia
Bone marrow aspirates showed
starch absorption tests.
were rePeatedly
cultures
Nunlrous fecal
,"t1""'
and basophili"
eosinophilic
other pathogenic
and
sPP" $rong"le
nodest
negative for Salmonglla
-A
"?l:-lll
colon and mesenteric lynph
tffiGa-enlarged
Laparotomy
In
wall'
microorganisms.
and noderate edema of the colonic
distended colonic serosal lyrnphatics
in the region of rhe pylorus'
pifi"Ui.
a firn-narr-r",
addition,
and
active' ulcerative
gnETiqurl'r' s DiaFnogig.&..99l9n9g!;-^:l:?*"'
and mucosal
submucosal
wiEGlrnophiric-gr.i.tr*",
gastroenteritis
eosinophiric
body
intimal
and vascular
arteriosclerosis
glandular hyperplasia,
fibrosis,
f ormations.
and proctitis'
typhilitis
diagnoses incLuded lyrnphocytic col-itis,
Addirionil
intra-abdominal
and UasoplifL" series hyperplasia,
bone marrow eosinophilic
of the Pastern regions'
ulcerativl'derrnatitis
l5rnphadenopathy-and iocal
hyperplastic
or
persistent
o"t"o*tt but Lesions are suggestive of a
1,he etiologi'i"
to parasites'
or
reaction to some-ieed related antigen
hypersensitivity
inrermittent
and
duodenum
the
of
approximateLy the niddle
The slide submitted is takei-from
pylorus'
slomach'
changes a! seen in the
of the histopathologitis represenrari;;
jejunum,
col'on and cecum' Ttre aecuuulAtions
the
uPPer
in
duodenum and multifoeally
cells'
and epitheLioid
of eosinophils surrounded by giant- ce11s, uacrophages
variety of
a
in
,,eosinopt
described
have been
iii"-gi"i"ro."""
referred to here as
other
some
in
seen
also
but are
conditions in horses, et-.,
;;;;;iii.
of dogs
in
as
such
"eosinophiLic granulorna' of the lip
conditions
imuneaediated
propria
tO
lamina
the
from
varies
The location of these granulomas
and cats.
to
structures
oEher
or
larvae
contain
not
to submucosal and do
irrtra-gtandular
suggest Eheir etiologY.
feature of this case is the large numbets of Russell' bodies
Another pronineni
It is presumed that the extensive
again of unknown signficance.
in plaena cells,
of chronic edema'
a
result
is
and gaeiric waLL fibrosis
intestinal
pathogenesis'
The paEhofoiic features of this case suggest an irmuneqediated
feed allergen
to
a
reaction
possibly involvlng an on-going type I hypersensitivity
the
in
eosinophiLs
and
ftre targe numbers of mast celLs
ot p"r.lit"".
and basophil"ic hyperplasia
tissues, and bone marrow eosinophilic
g""lioittestinal
The vascular lesions are
pathogenesis.
would also eorrel.ate wittr ttris suggested
tissues'
in
the
probab!.y from released vaso-active amines locally
lesions have been seen in horses
Two other si.uilar cases with sornewhat sinilar
to those
The Lesions are sinilar
in the Last Ehree years in our laboratory.
described by Dr. A. Pass and J. R. Bolton as referenced below and to our knowledge
literature.
is the only report of this condition in the veterinary
and conrnents on our
would weLcome any further contributions
The contributor
pathogenesis.
and
etiologies
suggested
chronic, diffuse,
granulomatous, eosinophilic,
Enteritis,
AFIP Diagnosis.
granulomas,
submucose, small
and
mucose
-odeiEte to eevere, with eosinophilic
guarler horse, equine.
intestine,
Note.
Conference
Ilistologic
changes Present
in
this
case
suggest
.o"iffi";-;;i;""inthelr"oa"ofthedeepsubmucosa(Brunner's
g9gltrvytlr!5v
65s
- . . t - - - -
that
^ E
J
EosinophiLs may aggregate lrlthin these glands' and Ot .::1::::-::^t:::t
glands).
Macrophages are
enzymes, destroy the epithelium lining the glands'
f,roreolytic
fom
occasionaL
gland
and
Ehe
where they surround
drawn to these
"r"""
giant
cells through syneytiation'
nultinucleated
Focal erosions of the mucosa are Present, but none of Ehese is seen to breech
in many of the sections are
some villi
rhe muscularis mucosa. Additionally,
atrophied.
Pathology agrees that eosinophilic
The Departgent of Gastrointestinal
They note that, although there is a
granulonas appear to involve Brunner's glands.
granulomas or
gasEroenteritis
in humans, eosinophilic
fom of eosinophilic
abscesses are not a feature of the disease in man.
of horses has been described in Australia as a
Chronie eosinophilic enteritis
distinct
syndrome. In a report of four equine cases, and a discussion of sinilar
conditions in other species, Pass and Bolton (1982) suggest that eosinophilic
reaction within the
gastroenteritis
in the dog and in man is not a simple allergic
of the
removaL
by
the
be
reversed
process
cannot
gut.
This is because the
i
s
a
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
y
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
,
Instead,
suspected offending foods.
by certain
is
exacerbated
that
cause
initial
pro""""
of unknown
seli-perpetuaEing
one in
to
the
be
sirnilar
may
Ttre conaition in the horse, they beLieve,
foods.
has
which
antigen
unkno\tn
process
an
against
man. The lesions suggesE an ongoing
gut.
the
been either ingested or secreted into
The same authors, with MiLls (1934) described a case of basophilic
in a horee; that condition shares many similar features with che
enterocolitis
for:n.
eosinophilic
Department of Veterinary
Contributor.
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Pathology,
University
of Saskatchewan,
Suggested reading.
P a t h o l o g y o f Domestic Aninals,
P. c.; and Palmer, N.:
ffiedy,
7
5
7
7
.
1
9
8
5
,
P
r
e
s
s
,
3rd Ed.1 Vol. 2, Academic
PP.
J. Comp. Path. 94:
Pathology of equine granulomatous enteritis.
Lindberg, R.:
233-247, 1984.
pass, D. A., and Bolton, J. R.:
in the
Chronic eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Vet. Path. L9: 486-496' T982.
horse.
in a
Basophilic enterocolitis
Pass, D. A., Bolton, J. R., and Mills, J. N.:
horse.
Vet. Peth. 2L: 362-364, 1984.
in the dog: A case
Eosinophilic enteritis
Quigley, P. J., and Henry, K.:
P
a
t
h. 91: 387-392,1981.
C
o
m
p
.
J
.
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
o
f
b
r
i
e
f
r
e
v
i
e
w
report tnittr a
DAVrD L. FRTTZ, V.!l.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Registry of veterinary Pathology
Department of VeEerinary Pathology
AFIP
Conf erence
l'loderator
:
Results
'vJednesdaySlide Conference - No' 2 9
15 l aY 1985
Diane E. Gunson, PhD, BVSc, MRCVS
Diplomate ACVP
Box 94, RR tf 1
Road
Perryrille
PittsEown, NJ 08867
c a s e I - 8 3 - 1 0 5 . ( A F I P - 1 8 9 9 1 5 ? )'
Ttris colt
ear-old standardbred male horse.
with
Ereated
was
and
prior
to
PresenEation
a..rel6i"-a lirb edema lwo weeks
sites
and from
venipuncture
from
bleeding
began
lCanamytin. Ten days later it
with
membranes
oral
and
the
scl'era
p.t"chiae
on
fhere ,0"t"
the mouth.
bleeding fron the nose and mouth.
The yearling was eoaciated'
Gross Psthologv.
Stouacb:rirffiereheavyinfestations,ofGastrophi1ussp.and@sp.
Severe Parascaris eouorum infestation.
Snall inteetine:
infestation.
Cecus: ltild Agg$ggglg}g,
Laboratonr ReeulEs.
count 7000iul
ffielet
'
t{BC
14,0007t@p with 312 eosinophils
Contriburor's
eoli
including
Diagnosis & Comnent. ilyelophchisis
ukeuia.
msny i@ature
with
fo:os
neoplaetic
precursors and
Although noroal erythroid
Precursors, neutrophil
negakaryocytes are present, there is an over abundance of eosinophilic
Many are
paecursor cella,
nany vith abnormal. nuclei and cytoplasmic granules.
positive
with
eells
were
sbnoroal
The
nuelei.
oversized and contein aultiple
(for
(for
granulocytes).
Sudan
bLack
and
eosinophils)
the Luna stain
disease consistenr
Myeloproliferative
AFI? Diesnosis.
leukernia, bone uarrow, standardbred, equine.
with
eosinophilic
Conference Note.
Ln the bone marrow of this case, myeloid eleuts
greatly outnunber erythroid;
coadition
this finding suggests a myelophthisic
which is further
supported by the Leukocytosis and the aevere throabocytopcnia
Ihe predoninant ce11 type reseables aa atypical
and aneoia Bcen in this case.
eosinophil.
Partici.pants noted some cells in which there is extreoe verietion
in the size of granules.
In stil-l otber eel-ls, granules are of nomaL size
for a rneture cell but nuclei in such cells are large, not well-eeguentcd, and
uore t;tpical of an imature
cell,
This asynchrony of naturation of the
cytoplasn and nucl.eus is oft.en a feature of neoplastic cells.
Myeloproliferative
disorders are rare in the horse; the report of this
ease (Morris, Bloorn, Roby et a1., 1984) is only the fourth of oyelogenous
leukemia, with only one report of erythrocytosis.
The above cited report
eontains a good review of eosinophilic
disorders in man and domestic animals.
ConEributor.-
str"ffi??ffirrerr
New Bolton Center, University
of Pennsylvania,
Squar", r"oorylvania 1934g.
382 t{est
Suggested reading.
Bnrabaugh, G. I.1., Stitzel,
K. A., Zinkl, J. G. et al.:
Myelooonocytic
nyeloproliferative
disease ia a horse.
J. Aln. Ver. lGd. Assoc. 180(3):
313-315, 1992.
Lewis, I1. B,, and L e i t c h , M . A . :
A case of granulocytic leukemia in the
horse.
Proc. Later. Synp. Equine llematol.
Arn. Assoe. Equine pracE. l:
141.-143,L975.
Morris, D. D., Bloom, J. C., Roby, K.A.W. et al.:
Eosinophilic
uyeloproliferative
disorder in a horse.
J. An. Vet. I l e d . A s s o c . 1 8 5 ( 9 ) :
993-996, 1984.
Searcy, C. P-, and Orr, J. P.:
Chronic granulocytic leukemia in a horse.
Can. Vet. J. 22:. I48-f51, l9gt.
Case II
- 29QA-A+,jALM9463l7l_r__
lt
kodachrome slide)
s foal preseated with
a bloody diarrhea (frank blood) 12 hours prior to deeth.
Last year, a sinilar
condition
affected one foal fron this
f.ra.
""ri
serosauguinous
fluid
inte:mixed with clotted blood
..-.GTo?s.Pathologv..
lrlrecl 4-5 qetere of the nid-sual1 intestine.
Ttris intestinal
walI sas
aarkedly thickened with a necrotic yellow granular membrane,
abundant edema
and heuorrhage.
lhe serosal surface was dark red and at the proxinal
and
distal uargins heuorrhagic streaks nere evident.
The remeining portion of che
distal
s8811 intestines
and the entire colon contained clotted brood wichin
theil
lunen and the Ducog€ was deep red.
MuLtifocal
areas of dark red
roottliag wss preEent in the liver.
LaboratofY RggultF.
clgslfidiun
Bouse aeutralization
testG'ffi;frfi
neer
type c Eoxin was confi::ued
of Srerne and Batry.
by
c.oatriblrtoTr s Diagnosis & corr'ent.
Acute, diffuse,
severe,
vascular fibrinoid
necrosis.
The najority
ftt:tiiliF
L@edtately
lOEOEl].Ilo
of
perfring-eE
th=;ilJi_"tes
of the DorPhoLogical
changes in the intestines
are due ro the
Peffriinens. and its ioxins beciuse rhe foal was necropsied
following
death and the tissues
were placed in l0z buffered
A Brown and Hopprs stained histologieal
section
revealed
large bacterial
rods, suggestive of clostridiuo
species.
oassive numbers
ii"rotogi""t
changes in other organs included: multifocal
nesenteric lynph node, mild hePatic vacuolar
congestion.
coagulative necrosis of a
chaige, and hepatic and renal
milk in its stomach nor was there reErospeetive
rhis foal had little
euphyseoa
No evidence of intestinal
Ehat the mare $as a heavy mil-ker.
history
piglets'
was present as cornonly occurs in
with
necrohemorrhagic, acute, diffuse, severe,
Enteritis,
AFIp Diagnosis.
vascular f ibrinoid ehange, thoroughbred'
b;;iiii,-"ia
superf ieiat o'cffii
enterotoxeuia'
with clostridial
condirion--consistent
;&i;";
vascular ehanges in the
conference Note. The,discussion centered on
the wall' are separated by a
suboueosa. ln nost vessels, the various layers of
a nyaiine aPPearance' Soae participaars
ff,ria)-imparting
C.a*"
;il;;;tiri
ttre tryaline change aPPears due to lhe
speculaEed that in some arterioles,
ceLl's resembliag
intensely eosinoptrilie cytoplasm oi s\tollen smooth rouscle
oo the
precipitated
is
fibrin
rn many of these vessels,
sacs of edema fl,uid.
vessel wall.
$rooth
tedial
In a sBaller proportion of vessels, however, nuclei of sorne
preseat'
In
also
are
neutrophils
muscle cells are pytcnotic and scatteted
the
describe
preferred
to
was
necrosls
theee veseels, th; te::u fibrinoid
in rtrich
vasculitis,
chaege. The rpderator preferred the te13 leukoclastic
in
the
changes
the
likened
and
necrosis,
stage is fiirinoid
Ehe i1itial
with
snaPhylactoid
horse
a
in
described
vessels of this foal with those
purpura (Guocon, RooneY, L977).
large
participaote
of clustcrs of fairly
apeculated as to the identity
of the
ncuroos
they
reeenble
To
sone'
monontrclcar cclls rrithin the sub,mucosa.
a
liaear
a6sul1€
they
however,
ln some areag,
paragympathetic ganglia.
thougbt they
Sone participants
arratrgeDcnE 8s if asaociated with a vessel.
Gastroiatestioal
of
Department
Tbe
cells.
crypt epithelial
nay b- hypertrophie
Th.l
eaiUofogy believes that these eel1s are neurons of lGisener's plexus.
in
neuroas
to
comparison
in
imature
appear
co@ent that these cells
furlher
plexus.
the firyenteric
perfringens enterotoxeoia
The various diseases aesociated with Clostridiun
of exarnining the gut
importance
Ehe
stressed
I'he
noderaEor
diseussed.
were
tips of the villi
the
affecting
rapidly
occurs
autol.,ysis
as
i-.ediately,
first,
aad uaeking lesioas there.
Coatributor.
Berke!,
a
R. '
and Van Drer:mel,
A. A.:
The al'iuentatT
systeln.
-ro
P a t h o l o g y o f D m e s t i c A n i u a l s , 3 r d E d . , J u b b , K . V . F . , K e n n e d y ,P . C. and
Pa1ner, N., Acadenie Press, 1985, Vol 2, PP. 149-155.
Enterotoxeuia in two
Dickie, C. S., Klinkerman, D. L., and Petrie, R. J.:
1
9
7
8
3
0
6
3
0
7
,
A
s
s
o
c
.
1
7
3
(
3
)
:
J. AD. Ver. lled.
foals.
Vet.
Anaphylactoid PutPura in a horse.
Gunson, D. 8., and Rooney, J. R.:
P a t h . 1 4 z 3 2 5 - 3 3 1, 1 9 7 7 .
N i l o r L . r - a n d C h a l m e r s r G ' A ' : H e m o r r h a g i c e n t e r o E o x2e3m
1 9y 8 2 '
3 0s 1e'd b
: i2a9c9a- u
Can' Vet' J'
Clostridiun per{fineePq.tyPe C.in a foal'
A review of curreot
crosrriai'ro eeTfiingeis in aaimal disease:
Nilo, L.:
knowredge. can-ffi1980'
cl?PF5idliT giifTinsei:s:v!:- A
oe h o a ,R . , an d K e rn , s. R .,- i i ,.'effects of
and clinicoPeEhologic
- clinicat,
enreroloxin in Shetland ponies
c h a n g e s . V e t . P a t h . L 7 : 7 3 8 - 7 4 7' 1 9 8 0 '
III -Eiscory.
ttt. Eiffioe
rorp6lElic
81 (
of
li aEurt equine. T$o tuoors aPPeared on the head
sctatch
would
Ttre
horee
below the rnedial canthus of each eye.
Tissue
Both tumors rrere reBoved surgieallY
they bled.
these tunors until
histoPathology.
for
subroitted
Groes Pathologv.
cm in dloeter
"ffin"
's
and
The growth removed fron the left side measured 1/2 to 1
from below the right eye ltas 2-3 ern in di@eter'
iioi.tr
Di
Contr
eoeinophilic '
E t i o l o g i c diagnoeis:
Eriology:
@sPP.
Dermalitis,
Proliferative,
skin, nediel canthuses'
",
cutaneous habronemiasis'
c
.
equiae'
of
ttre lesiooe of cutaneous habroaemiasis are due to the activity
eepecially
wome,
stouach
equine
spp.
larvae of !g@
situated
aberrenlly
usually
are
neoatodes
chese
of
g""tot".
the ttrira@r:rrae
Draeehia t
EEifficea-5!:6e-eomon
a$ggg-tr cit"irraus).
houge fly (!tuscae douestica) or by the st,able f1y
deePly iat,o the dclois
Theee la:ruaETlffiEnJenetrate
a granulomatous resPonse
or open wounds where they elicit
iffiFanee
oflorrusually begin suddenly' gros
the granulations
with abundant eosinophils.
Larvae reEn'ants Eay
tendency to heal.
and shon Little
bleed freely,
rapidly,
foci composed of degeaerate
be- eeen as emall flecks in caseous necrotic
eosinophils.
Ttre lesion is usually eonpoeed of highly vascular granulation tigsue
Occasional giant
by a nearly pure population of eosinophils.
infiltrated
at the
predooinate
neutrophils
and
cell.s aay be.fouod aear the larvae
ulceraEed surfacc.
and graauloustous,
Dermat,itis, ulceraEive, eosinophilie
AFIP Diaroosis.
nenatode
granulooas
contaioing
focaL
eosinophil.ic
difmth
wirh
condition-cotrPatible
equine;
la:rrae, skin, breed unspecified,
habroneniasis.
eosinophilic
denal
sithia
The parasices
Note.
Conference
.uo@arianErracu1a!ure,andanintestina1tract,identifying
granulosas
have
organs are not present in any parsites
Since reproductive
them as neEatodes.
exanined, it oay be assuned they are larvae rather than adults.
The .microscopic differential
diagnosis
and infection
habronemiasis, hypoderoiasis,
Occasionally, multiple sections are needed
Since llabronema spp. and Draschia
larvae.
of ttre prepuce and penis, resultant lesions
from squamous ce11 carcinooa and sarcoid.
includes nodular necrobiosis,
by fungus such as 3Ug!!1g spp.
to confim the presence of nenatode
Begaslona frequentl.y invade wounds
grossly
rsust be differentiated
The nomal life cycle of these parasites involves deposition of 3rd stege
larvae.around the nouth of the horse; they are eventuall.y swallowed aud their
life cyele is completed,
Occasionally larvae uake their way into the
nostrils'
are inhaLedr srrd pulmonary habronemiasis resul.ts.
Ttre rooderaEor,
who has studied nunerous caaes of equine exercise-induced
pulmoaary
heoorrhage, deoonstrated several cases of the l-atter with peribroachiolar
and
periarterioLar
eosinophilic
infiltrates.
She hypothesizes that there is
puloonary vascular danage, perhaps the result of llabronema spp. infection,
which predisposes horses to pulmonary hemorrhage ma;-unA;r
physiologic srress.
Contributor.
South Afriea.
Veterinary
Research Institute,
Onderstepoort,
Republ.ie of
Suggescedreading.
prevalence of
Lyons, E. T., Drudge, J. H., To11iver, S. C,. et al.:
perfoliat?
and lesions of Drasehia Eegastopa ia thoroughbreds tn
Snoglo.ceehala
Kentuckyat oecropsy. ao. J. ver. n s. Ft(Tt;-tgEllEfl-iFaa.
Maybew, r. G., Lichtenfels,
J. R., Greiner, E. c. et al.:
ltigration of
spiruroid
Dc@rtode through the brain of a horse.
J. ArD. Vet. !Ied. A3soc.
180(rl): 1306-1311, 1982.
uoutes, L. F., and vaughan, J. T.:
skia Diseases of the Eorse. w. B.
Saunders Co., philadelphia,
1983, pp. 1104-l1lL.
Rcbhuu, l{. C., Mirro, E. J., Georgi, I,t. E. et al.:
Bebronenic
blepharoconjunetivitis
in horsee.
J. AD. Vet. Med, Aseoc. L7g(il.
469-472,
1 9 8 1.
Case IV Id uale quarter horse.
lhe foal appeared
signs of colic which improved.
The abdmea
with what was identified
as urine.
The foal died duriag
surgery to repair the ruptured urinary bladder.
notBa
beceme dietended
(notua-f
Testis - ihysiologic
involutioa
rhe eection is of a nornal 5-day-old foal testie.
The semiuiferous
tubules are lined prinarily by undifferentiared cells and occssioaal
sPerBatogonia. The interstitiurn
contains abundant large oval eells
(interstitial
c e l l s ? ) w h o s ec y t o p l a s n i s d i s r e n d e d b y g r a n u l a r l i g h t b r o w n
pignent (lipofuscin).
B y t h e 6 0 t h d a y o f g e s E a t i o n t h e f e t a l g o n a d s o f t h e b o r s e h a v eintersticial
enlarged
hyperplastic
oi-typ"t.riphied,
fargely
are
and
greatly
"orpo".d
c e l l s . T h e i n t e r s t i t i a l c e l l t ' v p . = p r . " i a r e a c h e s i t s p e a k a r o u ninterstitial
dday250.
cells
Ulgirr! !o.aPPear in the
Degenerative changes (involutiorr)
greatly by birth'
by day 300 and th! size of the gonadi diniaish
eells
gonadal interstitial
Ttre uarked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fetal
Equidae'
farnily
the
unique to
Lsfollowed Uy invoiution
"pp.t"oity
quarter horse, equine'
norual tissue, testis'
AFIP Diae.nosis. Essentially
from
lhe moderator showed several sections of testis
Notg.
Coofete*
the
restis
In younger fetuses,
age.
equine fetuses ;i.-""tyi;g
iu"t"tional
cytoplasos'
eosinophilic
inteosely
wich
cells
conEains sheers of interstitiaL
c
ell
L
n
t
e
r
s
t
i
t
i
a
L
h
i
s
t
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
'
h
e
p
a
t
o
c
y
t
e
s
which closely resenble
250
At
aPProxiuately
gestation'
of
days
50
aPProximaEely
at
develogmeot Peeks
pigneat
the
brown
ttte"e cells Ueiin to degenerate' and
gestation,
J"y.-oi
In Ehe younger fetus, hovever' the
granules aPPear in their cytoplasn.
pink iofygonaf cells, with a few scaEtered seniniferous
oi-nrt""ous
ir.""o""
reported having
Several particiPants
Eubules, can be aisealen flr iinet.
geeded
ebout the
tiseues
testicular
pieces
of
young pigs wittr
,,""top"i"d
liver'
for
ectoPic
mistaken
easily
are
these
peritonegn; chei ton-eot.d that
ia the
cell developeat
Lt hag beea observed that the uassive interstitial
observations of iacreaeed sEooth
correspoads with ulErastructural
fetal testis
to speculste the
plonpting investigators
in those cells,
reticulqn
eodoplasric
(Gonzalez-Angulo,
Eeraandea-Jeuregui,
gteroid
synChesis
celle are involved in
1975) .
l{artinez-Zedilo,
csEEiluleE-a college of veterinary Medicine, ltississippi
State, lfississippi 39762.
univEisityl nisiissippi
Suggested
state
reading.
ffi1ea,W.R.:J.Reprod.Fert.,Supp123,557-56L,1975.
Gonzalez-Angulo, A., Berrraadez-Jauregui, P., and l'lartinez-Zedilol G. !
Fine stnrcture of the gonads of the horse aud its functional iraplicatious.
Reprod. Fert., Suppl 23t 563-567, 1975.
The liistology of Donestic Aniuals'
TrauCnaan,A., and Fiebiger, J.:
pp.259-263.
V a n V o r s E e n b o s c h ,C . J . A . H . V . , C o l e n b r a n d e r , B . , a n d l { e n s i n g , C . J . G . :
Leydig ce1l developrnent in the pig testis during the 18te fetal and early
posBnatel period: An electron microscopic study with attention to the
An. J. Anacony 169: 121-136' 19E4.
influenee of fetal decapitation.
DAVrD L. FRTTZ, V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA
Departuent of VeEerinary Pathology
J.
ResulEs
Conference - No' 30
Slide
Wednesday
AFIP
22 r[ay L985
conferenceModerator:
#::
T;,tl:;"n"'
Chief, Division of Veterinary Pathology
of Pathology
Araed Forces Institute
Washington, DC 20305
case r - H0836440 (AFIP 1945169).
Tmar-old,
Historv.
This dog was examined because
pointe!.
gLand' The animal
3ra namlry
the left
excised.
s,.rigically
later tbe Bass ras
nultiple
wittr
having a cysiic
"pp""tlrr"e
scatteted through it.
contributorrs
gland.
Diagnosis
intact female Gernan shorthair
of a soft enlargement in the area of
One uonth
was given Eestosterone'
The surgeon described-the Bass as
masses of fila tissue
pellet-like
and con'ment.
Basaloid
adenotm of the E€l6aty
dogs
Itamary basaloid adenmas have been reported in experioental
deecribes
rePort
A
recent
periods.
prolonged
receiviag proge6togens for
The dog in this
occurring entity.
o"Lnrally
-onrrs.tll ias"foia
edenmas ."
"
for 8 Eslcltf
exeaincd
initially
was
it
testoGterone at Ehe tirne
,"".ived
othet
any
or
""""
received
having
of
Progestogens
Bass, but it had no history
presentation.
steroids prior to the initial
At our leb' ne hsve
adenomas are reported to be benign.
l{amary basaloid
appeared to be nore
histologically
which
seen a few mg!@ary basal,oid adenomas
expericnccd
}Je
also
have
invasion.
aggressive with apparent stromal
but have not docrneatcd
oceasioaal locel recurreBce of these lesions,
uetgstasis.
AFLP Diaenosis.
pointer,
caaine.
Basaloid
adenoma, marurarT gland,
Geman shorthair
Discussion centered on several features of this ueoplaam
Conferenee Note.
.tricffiogedescribedintheEr'opreviousrePortsofcaaine
basaloid adenonas (Kwapien, Giles, Gell, et 41. , L977) (Esplin, Berrretein,
Itris neoplasn has many foci of squanous ehaagc vitb
ltelaughlia,
1984).
tuoor; in
which are suggestive of a hair follic1e
central kcratiniaation
inveding
the
Lobule,
of
out
are
extending
seversl areas neoplastic cells
than is
ePPeeraace
presenting
aggressive
a
uore
surrounding connecBive tissue,
in
participants
that
the
DeoPlaso
Some
noted
for
basaloid
adenomas.
described
in
the
carcinoua
cell
of
Ehe
mamarT
sguauous
case
fits
the
deseription
this
Bulletin
of the World tlealth Organization (ilanpe, Misdorp, L974).
(RCG) of the iniCial
with one of Ehe auEhors
Personal comunication
(Kwapien, Gi1es, Gel1, L977), revealed
description of canine basaloid "iuroro",
more areas of squamous change than
that Ehe neoplasm in this case probably has
basal cell conponents are
ii" torots eiarined ia chat study, but that the
Dr. Giles further stated tbat he has seen 10-12
essenria1ly iaentical.
no history of
neoplaems in the past 4 years in bitctres with
sinilar
had been treated with
which
animals
Likewise, ir,
progestogen therapy.
""rr.ral
no neoPlasos sere
progesterones and in whon sirnilar tunors night be expected,
draining I'ynph
a
in
found
was
seen. In one sPontaneous tumor, the neoplasru
Eetastasis
LyaPhatic
than
rather
node and it is suspected that local extension
rrbasaloid tumor" Bay Prove to
lhat
Dr. Giles suggested
was Ehe explanaCion.
neoplasms could be subdivided
so that the toil
be more appropriate
"gg"essive
as basaloid adenomas'
neoplasos
benig3
as basaloid carcinoElss, and the
ContribuEor.
City,
ur
III
Vererinary
Reference Laboratory,
P.O. Box 30633, SaIt Lake
84130.
E413o.
Suggested reading
ffinstein,N.M.and}1cLaugh1in,H.:Basaloidadenouaof
rhe nra'r.ar7 gland in two dogs. J. AE. Vet. l{ed. Assoc. f84(7): 855-857, 1984'
personal coornunicagionwith Col. G. Imes, 30 Uay 1985.
Giles,-R: C.:
Ilanpe, J. F. and Misdorp, W,: Tumors and dysplasias of the BaEnarT
8u11. I{1d. Itlth. Org. 50: f l'1-133, L974.
-g l a n d .
B a s a l . o i d a d e n o r n s so f
K w a p i e r , R . P . , G i L e s , R . C . , G e l ,1 , R . G . e ! a 1 . :
contracePtive
investigational
adrninistered
gland
dogs
beagle
in
Ehe maoary
L
9
7
7
.
l
n
s
t
.
9
3
3
9
3
9
,
N
a
t
l
.
C
a
a
c
e
r
5
9
;
J.
steroids.
Case II
- 75N-1&6
(AIIP
1902435).
old Berneee Eounlaia dog. ttris aninal
presented with chronic anorexia, weight loss, steltorous resPiration'
cutaneous nodulee
conjunctivitis
with prominent chemosis and multiple
in nasal region, eyelids and
distributed
over the entire body, but especially
The cliaical
course is characterized by remissions and relapses.
scrotuo.
Necropsy revealed widespread nodular to diffuse lesions
Gross Pathologv.
in luag, liver,
bone narrow, spleen, lynph nodes, kidneys, eyes, testes and
various other tissues in addition to the cutaneous lesions aeen on elinieal
exaaiaatioa.
Laboratorv Rcsults.
Lesions have been cultured for bacterie and fungi;
significaat
orgauisus were Bot recovered.
Lfunited virological
studies were
aiso nonproductive.
Contributorrs
Diggnosis and Couoent.
Systemic histiocytosis.
Special sEains were perfo:med on rnany lesions Eo screen for possible
etiological
None were detected.
agents.
The stains included acid fast,
Giemsa, Methenanine Silver,
Periodic Acid-schiff
and Brown and Brenn.
cell type is supported by
nature of the major infiltrating
The histiocytic
Ttre cells react strongly
cytocheruical and electron microseopil observations'
have the ultrastructural
for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esEerase and
in
of macrophages. The condition is not clearly neoplastie;
eharacteristics
is
it
that
notion
the
fact the episodic nature of the condition would suPPort
lesions
of
course and the aPPearance
Ttre clinical
-thenot neoplastic.
Birbeck's graaules
however,
man;
x
of
ltistiocytosis
in
seen
those
reseuble
in Ehe canine c3s9s'
have not been demonstrated in histiocytes
The condition has only been observed in 5 closely-related
proven.
dogs. A genetic basis is suspected but has not been
Beroese uouaEain
angioeentric,
and eellulitis,
Denmtitis
AFIp Diagnosis,
aittffi-ecrotizingvascu1itisandurr1tifoea1necrosis,de:misand
subcutis, Bernese mountain, canine.
chroaic-active'
@Note.Themarkedangiocentricdistributionofiafi1traring
Process, Iet in s@e areas
fs suggestive of an inflauatory
rooofrc
angiocenEricity.
laek
and
into muscle and nerves
the cells infiltrate
features with
sctne
spaces share
AlEhough the cells in perivascular
were equivocal.
identity
their
special stains done to clarify
histiocytes,
the nalla of theee
c
e
l
l
s
;
t
h
e
s
e
b
y
Oceasioaally, veseel walls are infiltrated
legioas with the
vascul'ar
these
related
end participants
vessels are neerotic,
(i.e.
iufarction)'
areag of aecrosis in the subcutis
of Berneae normtria dogs ntrich
ttris case rcpresents systemic histiocytosis
ittoore, 1984; llore aad Bosio, 1984).
by the contributor
wes Raceot.Iy rep;*ed
of nan aad is cberretcrigcd
reeanUles malignant histiocytosis
lhis condition
organs by pleooorphie phagocytie
of oultiple
by infiltration
hiarologiealLy
erc
giant celIs.
InfiltratQs
rnonoouclear cclls and rnultinucleated
often.
in thc CNS.
and
nodes,
lyuph
hilar
preaeat in luags and
eonsisteatly
(Moore,
Rosiu,
1984).
progreesive
is
raPidLy
couree
Itre cliaical.
arc ridcly
co&cnt,
Birbeck granulee, uentioned in the contributortG
Langerhans cells ia the hunen
accepted as the ttsine gua aontt for identifying
A Becond cel.l, which travels in bLood and Ly'nph, called the'rveil"
epidettis.
cell is thought aleo to be of Eonocyte origin and will oecasionally coataia
Their function renains unclear, and ia the
Birbeck granules (ueiss, 1983).
these granules ate not fouad in the
opinion of uany conference participants
Laagerhans cells of the dog.
Dcpartnent of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary
Contritnrtor.
nedicine, 1125 Hariag Hell, Davis Carupus,Davis, CA 95616.
@.
Moore, P. F. and Rosin, A.: !{alignant histiocytosis
of Bernese mouataia
Nov.
dogs. Proceedings, 35th ann. lieeting, An. Col.lege Vet. Pathologists,
12-15, Toronto, Canada, 1984 p. 28.
l l o o r e , P . F . : S y s r e u i c h i s t i o c y t o s i s of Bernese mountain dogs. Ve!.
Pathol. ZLz 554-563, l-984.
Lyrnphoreticular
W' H', Tasker' J' B' et al:
Seott, D. 'w., ltiller,
nedullary
(iristiocytic
histiocytosis
neoplasia in a dog reseubling maligrrant
Cornell Vet' 592 176-197' L979'
in o,"i).
reticulosis
Weiss,L-:Ilistology;CelLandTissueBiology'5EhEd"Elsevier
Biomedical, 1983, PP. 535-535, 581'
- 393-84 (AFIP 194$)'
This aborted
gdinttr-otd
female llereford fetus.
of 120'
herd
eow
abortion !o occut in a month in a beef
ferus rras rhe
had
The
cows
age'
gestational
A11 Eborted feti"i;iilwere eight to nine months of
previous
su@er'
in the same Pastlrre with the same bulls Ehe
u".o p*"ent,
Ttre herd has had tlto to three abortions of undeter:nined
and winter.
falI,
etioiogy each year for the Past several years'
c"".
III
and spleen were all
thyroids,
nodes, iiver,
The
Gross Pattlologl,
ly*ptt
Petechia and ecchymoses ltere present in these
and pall.
ooderately eotaffi
E h e s u b c u E a n e o u st ' i s s u e s , o r a l c a v i t y , a n d
i
o
aiff""ufy
orgaas as wel1.I
wele also present'
anasarca
and
Ascites
eonjuuctivae.
L8boraBorv Results.
No significant
Stouach contents' l.ng, and liver:
Gimenez stained sgears were negative for
Spleen:
negative'
spl,eea: virus isolation:
Kidoey, liver,
IBA: negative
fLuorescent antibody:
Kidney.:
Bl/D: positive
ELuetongue AGID: negative.
Fetal blood:
Copper: 35.7 Ppn dry weight.
Fetal liver:
0.354 PPE dry weight.
Selenium:
Bacteriology:
Virology:
Serology:
Ctreuistry:
Cgqqrrb,rt"rt s Diag"se
ctrro
2. Splenic, acule, nultifocal,
abortion (foochill
abortion).
isolates'
chlanydia.
1. Spleaic, hepatic, and renal
and perivasculitis.
ocytic vasculitis
Epizootic bovine
necrotizing vasculitis.
.
lhe morphologic changes present in the spleen, liver,
and kidneys of this
However,
bovine feEug are Ecrst consiscent with epizootic bovine abortion.
di,arrhea virus infection
es well. as copper
there was evidence for bovine viral
Epizootic bovine abortion has been primarily
and seleniuo defieiency.
reported ia California;
this caee was from a fam in southeastern Oregon.
Ctrluydial
orgaai*oa are the presumed etiolcgic
agent but Ehat has not been
eonf ined.
AFIP Diagnoses. l.
ttepatitis,
subacute, portal, diffuse, nild,
liver,
iiereford fetus, bovine.
splenitis,
z.
subacule, diffuse, moderate, with
multifocal necrosis and reticuloendothelial
proliferation,
spleen.
3. Capsulitis,
subacule, multifocal,
mild, spLeen and liver.
Conference Note.
Within
centrolobular
areas of the liver,
hepatic
cords
"t h' "e@pr oe sgsui tl laer a nr edlsa it ni ouns o ibdest w
a reeedn i t] h. ao tsee d l.ePsai or tnisc i paan a
d gestioa due to
oB
d t ps adsi s icvues sc e
l1re loss of
death.
cardiovascul.ar comproroise several days prior to fetal
nor
fibrosis
neither
hepatrocyces sugtests a chronic Process, Yet
centrolobular
(1985)
fetal
thsl
state
Palmer
Jubb, Kennedy, and
hemosiderosis are pr"".rrt.
(EBA) often
hepatic eongestion which results frorn epizootic bovine abortion
dieeeee.
cardiac
with
re!enbles congeslion which occurs in fetuses
parrieipants briefl.y discussed the histiogenesis of fetal lesions of EBA
Infection wiCh the
as proposed by Kennedy, Casaro, Kimsey, et al. (1983).
gSA,,'now
a
lprphoproliferative
induces
virus,
be
a
bel.ieved to
if
"g"ot
of maerophages. As the fetus EaEurest
response with subeequent infiltration
iu deposition of antigen-aatibody
plasma celLs produce antibody resulting
of the fetus, conplemeat is produeed wbieh
With further uaturation
lomplexes.
in the disease.
complexes deposited earlier
fixes to the antigen-antibody
as is
vasculitis
lesions, often necrotizing
This result.s in neclotizing
present in some splenic vessels in this ease'
thyuus, not sub,nitted ia tbis
I,n the late stages of the disease, the fetal
this diseaee; chey iaclude
case, developes unique ehanges that chalacterize
of both corEer and
severe atrophy of the thynic cortex and infiltration
the
UnIike other diseases causing bovioe abortioa,
medul,l,a by nacrophages.
placeata in EBA is nornal. other than mild edema" E:ctraoedullarT
heraatopoiesis, vhieh is evident in tbe liver aad spleen of this c,8fe, is
considered normaL in a calf of this gestational
age (8 oonths).
Contributsr.
Vetcrinary
Diagnostic Laboratory,
P.O. Box 429, Corvallis,
Oregon 973394129.
Oregon State
llaivcreity,
Suggested readins:
Jubb, K, V. F., Kennedy, P. C. and Palmer, N.:
Pathology of DoEeatic
A n i - a l s , 3 r d E d . , A c a d c - i c P r e s s , 1 9 8 5 , v o l . 3 , p p 363-35 5.
K e n n c d y , P . C . , C e s a r o , A . P . , K i m s e ! , P . B . e t al.:
Epiaootic bovioe
abortion:
Ilistogenesis of the feeal lesioas.
As. J . V e t . R e s . 4 4 ( 6 ) :
1040-1048,1993.
Kennedy, P. C., Olander, H. J. and Howarth, J, A. : Psthol.ogy of cpizootic
bovine abortion.
Cornell Vet 5Az 417429, 1950.
Kiueey, P. 8., Kennedy, P. C. and Buehae1l, R. B. et al.:
Studies on thc
psthogenesis of epizootic bovine abortion.
An. J. Vet. Res. 44(7): L266-L27L,
1983.
Kwapien, R. P., Lincoln, S. D. and Reed, D. E,:
PaEhologic cbeagce of
placeatas frm herfers with experiuentally
induced epizootic
bovine abortioa.
AD. J. Ve!. Res. 3f(6): 999-1015, 1970.
t"""gii;;ii
tfr33;!Titii3*?33^laurr
crlnicarsigas
car. Noabnormar
DSE.
At the
, ,,rg t : t ' t t taniBar',
. ch"orric exercise study;
: : : : - ; - - t - - , "ol"-jo
I t e r e n o t e d d u n n g the
and a focal lesion !'as
...oo"i"d
animal ltas tnecroPs
cf the lung'
concfrrsion of ttri study, the
of the right diaphragruatic lobe
the caudaf pottioi
found involving
Verminous pneumonia and pleuritis'
cg@eng'
contributor'
: PigFnosis-?1}{
'
granulooagous.
severe, with encYsted
Pneumonia' granulomacous' focal'
feline;
I'uni' dotnestic shorthair'
"gg",
with Pa-"Eg-orri*"' "p'
was
thought Ehat the adult parasite
Participants
Conference Note.
espeeially
inflama.ion'
grin''lomatous
surroundea Uy grffii"ait"-.i""i.-.,,a
abscesses are
eosinophilic
Nrrnerous
eggs.
p"t."iEe
evident sorroundiii
scattered thloughout the lesion'
AFIP Diagno?is.
trenatode p"t""tE-trrl
etiology-coupacible
has
as a lreBatode because it is flattened'
The parasite ean be identified
ceeca
paired
has
with vitellarian
a tegunent with spines, has. " p".,rao"oelon
Egg norphology can be
bladder.
excrecory
an
and
sLide)
(not evident on every
eggs have a
the trematode as BaraFoniquq--the
iientifying
in further
helpful
on
extending
at che top with fittEhoufaers
seared operculum (flattened
the
opposite
Ehe end
siae of it) and a knobby protuberance oa
;i;;t
are well enough preserved
exained
secfioos
Che
in
operculr,rn. Very few eggs
The shape of tegunental spiaee caa also aid in
to orke thege disCinctions.
the species of Paragoairus'
diffcreatiating
A1thoughtheyarehertaphroditic,.Eg@sppprefertoexistinpairs
done when unpaired
Mosr of rt,e rissFl@ffs
and cross-fcrtiliae.
migrate exteasivelY.
flukes
of flukes with the caudaL lung lobes is
Itre high degree of association
to their proxiroity to the diaphragp through which the
thought to be dlatea
The locaEion of the upPer soall
fron rhe emsLl intestine.
fl.ukls Eig!8te
for a high
on the right side of the abdooen is thought responsible
intestine
(Stroraberg,
Dubey,
1978)'
lobeJ
]-ung
right
caudal
incidence of lesions in the
Coatributor.
5323 tlarrry Eines
Southrreet lledical
Blvd., Dellas, TX
Suggested readiag.
School,
75235.
Division
of Comparative l{edieine,
in Norch
, its life history and distributioa
Eygiene
J.
AD.
Troglotrenatidal).
Anerica aud ils ea*5il6ili:TE6atoda):
19(2) z 279-3L2, L9%.
J.
Paragonimiasis in a dog and a cat.
Bisgard, G. E. and Lewis, R. E.:
L
9
6
4
.
V
e
t
.
l
l
e
d
.
A
s
s
o
c
.
1
4
4
(
5
)
:
5
0
1
5
0
7
,
Ao.
Induced
Dubey, J. P., Stromberg, P. L. and Toussant' !1. J.:
CLinical signs and diagnosis.
J. Aro. Vet. lled.
Paragoniuiasis in cats:
Assoc. 173(6)z 734-742, 1978.
AFIp Diaqnosis. Glossitis, ulcerative, acute, focal, moderateto sevete, with
porcine, etiology-ccrnpatible with poxvirus.
"piffigoigenerationandeosinophi1icintracytop1asmicinc1usion
bodies, tongue, LandiaceTYorkshire,
incLudes foot and mouthdisease'
. Conference
r c , v e s i c u 1Note.
a r e x a The
n t h edifferential
m a ' V e g e t a tdiagnosis
ivedermatitis,skinIesions
vesrcuJ.arsEqnal
associated with erysipelas and hog choleri, and others. However,the histological
firdirg of hydropic degenerationof cells in the stratum spinosum' and thd presence
of intracytoplasrnic inclusion bodies ate characteristic of poxvirus infections.
Furthemore, vacuolation of the infected epithelial cell nuclei is said to be
pathognornnicfor swine pox, differentiating it from vaccinia virus (Kasza, 1981).
Infection with swine pox is thought to interfere with developmentof titers to hog
cholera vaccines.
The papillary structures on the tongue surface were thought by attendees to be
marginal papillae which are ptesent on the tongues of suckling animals and furction
to forrn a seal betweentongue and nipple.
Contributor. Briti.sh ColumbiaVeterinary Laboratory, B.C. Ministry of
AgridftFiFTtod,
P.o. Box 100, Abbotsforo, 4.C., CanadaV2S4t,18.
-Suooestedreadino.
Kasza, L. et al.:
Experirental swine pox. Am. J. Vet. Res. E: 443-451, 1962.
Kasza, L.: Swi.nepox. In Diseasesof Swine. 5th Ed., Leman,A. D. et al.
(Ed.), Iowa State UniversitflPress, ].981, p. 254.
l{eyet, R. C. and Conroy, J. D.: Experimental swine px in gnotobiotic
piglets.
Res. Vet. Sci. 13: V3bV38, L972.
Teppema,J. S. and De8oer, G. F.: Ultrastructural aspects of experinrental
swinepox with special reference to iralusion bodies. Arch. Virol. 49: L51-15t,
L975.
DAVID
L. FRITZ,V.M.D.
Captain, VC, USA

1984-1985 - askjpc.org

Transcription

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