MVRS-700SC MUZZLE VELOCITY RADAR SYSTEM - Tech-Bel

Transcription

Weibel Scientific
Solvang 30
3450 Allerød
Denmark
MVRS-700SC
MUZZLE VELOCITY
RADAR SYSTEM
Specification
Weibel.dk
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION TO WEIBEL SCIENTIFIC A/S ..................................................... 3
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE MVRS-700 FAMILY ....................................................... 4
3. MVRS-700SC KEY FEATURES .............................................................................. 6
4. INTRODUCTION TO MUZZLE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT ................................ 7
5. SYSTEM OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 8
6. MUZZLE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT STEP BY STEP ...................................... 12
7. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................. 14
8. ENVIRONMETAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................... 15
9. MUZZLE VELOCITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................................... 17
10. FIRE CONTROL COMPUTER INTERFACE ......................................................... 18
11. D-700 OPTIONAL DISPLAY UNIT ........................................................................ 19
12. MOTION COMPENSATION OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS .............................. 20
13. ACCURACY TEST ................................................................................................. 22
14. STANAG 4114 QUALIFICATION .......................................................................... 23
15. CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION ............................................................................... 24
16. DISPLAY CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION (MODEL MVRS-700SCD ONLY) ........ 25
17. D-700 DISPLAY CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION ................................................... 25
18. ELECTRICAL POWER DETAILS .......................................................................... 26
MVRS-700SC – Front view
2/27
MVRS-700SC Specification
1.
INTRODUCTION TO WEIBEL SCIENTIFIC A/S
Weibel Scientific A/S is an independent private organization, dedicated to develop and manufacture
state of the art velocity and position measuring instruments based on continuous wave Doppler
radars and Doppler analysers using spectrum analysis and digital signal processing. All Weibel
Doppler radar systems are based on the latest radar, computer and software technologies and
incorporate unique features such as self calibration and motion compensation.
The Weibel Scientific products have many different applications related to ammunition and weapon
manufacturers, test facilities, car manufacturers, aerospace industry and police and traffic
surveillance.
The Weibel Doppler radar systems fall into five different groups:
■
MVRS-700 TACTICAL MUZZLE VELOCITY RADAR SYSTEM for muzzle velocity
measurement integrated in all kinds of weapon systems.
■
Fixed Head DOPPLER RADAR SYSTEMS for measurement of velocity, acceleration,
distance, etc. on all kinds of moving objects.
■
Long range AZIMUTH & ELEVATION MONOPULSE TRACKING RADAR SYSTEMS for
measurement of velocity, three dimensional position, acceleration, etc. on all kinds of ballistic
objects.
■
Mobile Multi Frequency long range TSPI Radar systems, for measurement of velocity, three
dimensional position, acceleration, etc. on all kinds of moving objects.
■
RANGING RADARS for optical tracking platforms.
Weibel Scientific is the only company in the world supplying tactical muzzle velocity radars and
analytical radars ranging from the shoebox-sized MVRS-700 Doppler radar systems to trailer
mounted long range active tracking radar systems capable of tracking objects well beyond 100 km.
All the Weibel Doppler radar systems are well proven, fielded and have been tested on all kinds of
weapons and ammunition including base bleed and rocket assisted projectiles by several
independent proving grounds and test facilities in Australia, Europe and U.S.A.
Research & Development within Weibel Scientific is carried out by a team of young engineers
graduated from the Technical University of Denmark with M.Sc. degrees in physics, electronics or
computer science. Several joint venture projects have been accomplished successfully.
Weibel Scientific is based in Alleroed 30 km north of Copenhagen where development, marketing
and manufacturing are carried out. Weibel employs a high degree of automation in the production
process. CNC milling machines, CNC lathing machines and SMT machines for placement of
electronic components are present in the production assuring the maximum accuracy and quality in
the mechanical and electronic production.
Weibel Scientific develops and manufactures all mechanics, electronics and software in-house.
Even the delicate microwave power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers and oscillators are developed
and produced by Weibel Scientific. All Doppler radar systems are calibrated and tested at the
Weibel test facility before delivery.
Weibel has delivered test equipment for more than 50 years and more than USD 10 million have
been invested in modern electronic R&D facilities giving a guarantee of high technology products,
now and in the future.
3/27
2.
INTRODUCTION TO THE MVRS-700 FAMILY
The Muzzle Velocity Radar System MVRS-700 family was first introduced in 1988 as a state of the
art FFT based Tactical Muzzle Velocity Radar System designed to be integrated in the modern
artillery systems. The design is based on the well proven W-680 Doppler Analyser and the SL-520
Doppler Antenna from Weibel in production since 1982. The 15 years of experience in Muzzle
Velocity Measurements from the W-680 are incorporated in the small MVRS-700.
Already the original design of the MVRS-700 made extensive use of the newest electronic
technologies including Surface Mounted Technology (SMT) and highly integrated Digital Signal
Processing Circuits (DSP). This was design philosophy was chosen in order to ensure optimum
performance and reliability with minimum size. The MVRS-700 system consists of a Doppler
Antenna mounted on the non recoiling part of the gun with a clear view of the muzzle and first part
of the trajectory, and a Processor & Display unit placed near the gunner or battery coordinator a
flexible cable connects the Processor unit and the Antenna.
The Antenna unit contains all necessary microwave electronics and an acoustic trigger, it is
powered and controlled from the processor unit and submits Trigger and Doppler signal to the
processor unit where the signal are digitized and stored for digital signal analysis immediately after
the signal has been recorded. The result is presented to the operator on the display typically 2
seconds after the shut was fired, simultaneously the result can be submitted to a Fire Control
Computer (FCC) connected to the serial interface of the Processor unit.
MVRS-700 can be delivered with the Weibel Muzzle Velocity Estimator. In addition to the calculated
muzzle velocity the estimator gives the associated standard deviation (3σ) for the actual
measurement. Monitoring the standard deviation enables the Fire Control Computer to
automatically identify and reject inaccurate measurement results.
In 1992 the unique self calibrating technology was added and the enhanced version MVRS-700E
introduced. The self calibrating technology ensures that the MVRS-700 never needs to be
calibrated during its entire life cycle. The system automatically calibrates itself with the speed of
light as reference.
The unique self calibration technology invented by Weibel and only used by Weibel has the
following advantages:
■
■
■
■
No need for regular calibration
Reduced maintenance cost
Reduced logistics cost
The weapon system does not need to be taken out of service for radar calibration
At the same time the variable transmitting frequency option was added to the MVRS-700, ensuring
that several guns can be placed very close without causing interference between the Muzzle
Velocity Radars.
The MVRS-700C first introduced in may 1996. Is designed for integration in modern self propelled
howitzers like the American M-109A6 (Paladin) or the German PzH-2000. These modern weapon
systems already contains an integrated Fire Control Computer and does not need a separate
keyboard and display unit. In the MVRS-700C the processor has been incorporated in the Antenna
unit and the entire system consists of only one unit connected to the FCC and power supply with a
single cable.
The motion compensation feature, enabling the system to measure and accurately compensate for
the actual gun jump, was introduced as an option in all systems in 1999.
The youngest member of the MVRS-700 family is the MVRS-700SC introduced in 1999. This
version is even smaller than the MVRS-700C, and takes advantage of the latest developments in
integrated electronics, all control, acquisition and processing electronics are integrated on a single
circuit board.
The system uses new 3.3 Volt logic circuits to obtain the lowest possible power consumption while
still showing superior performance.
4/27
2.1.
The MVRS-700SC
The Weibel MVRS-700SC Muzzle Velocity Radar System is a battery operated portable or
vehicular installed unit. The system is based on state of the art radar technologies. The Doppler
radar antenna is made using micro strip array antennas and all electronic components in the
system are solid state technology.
The rugged mechanical and electronic system design combined with the above listed electronic
design criteria ensures high reliability and resistance to blast and vibrations effected by all known
conventional weapons. The MVRS-700SC is a tactical and militarized muzzle velocity radar system
designed to operate under field conditions.
The MVRS-700SC consists of the Antenna/Processing unit and a cable connecting the unit to 24
Volt DC power and the Fire Control Computer (FCC).
The MVRS-700SC Muzzle Velocity Radar System operates on the Doppler principle. The Doppler
radar antenna transmits a microwave CW signal, receives the echoed signal from the projectile,
and subtracts the transmitted signal from the received signal generating the Doppler signal. The
Doppler signal is amplified and transferred to the digital processing part of the system.
The analog signal is converted to a digital representation and stores it in a digital memory. The
muzzle velocity is calculated using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and digital signal processing.
The use of a FFT-based calculation enables the system to measure on all types of ammunition and
calibers including:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Conventional
Base bleed
Mortar bombs
Tracer
Anti tank
APFSDS
Rockets
Flechets
Burst rounds
High drag practice rounds
The system is designed to measure velocities from 30 to 3000 m/s with an over-all system accuracy
better than +/- 0.05%. The precision in the muzzle velocity measurement is better than 0.1% with
motion compensation.
The calculated muzzle velocity is transmitted to the FCC via the serial interface and also stored
internal for later readout. The system can store up to 1000 muzzle velocity results in a non-volatile
memory.
5/27
3.
MVRS-700SC KEY FEATURES
■
Rugged, compact and light weight system consisting of only one unit. The system is designed
to be mounted on tanks, howitzers and other gun systems, interfacing directly to the Fire
Control Computer.
■
Calculates the muzzle velocity using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and digital signal
processing. The use of a FFT-based calculation enables the system to measure on all
ammunition types and calibers.
■
Micro strip array antenna and all solid state technology.
■
Up to 5 user selectable transmitting frequencies (optional).
■
Microwave transmission only during measurement.
■
Advanced jamming protection, including front end narrow band microwave filter and randomly
changed transmitting frequency (optional).
■
Advanced trigger detection ensures correct operation even with several weapons fired
simultaneously.
■
Unique self calibration feature invented by Weibel, ensuring that the system does not need any
kind of calibration during its entire life cycle. The system calibrates itself with the speed of light
as reference (optional).
■
Unique motion compensation feature developed by Weibel, which enables the system to
measure and compensate for the actual gun jump (optional).
■
Computes the measuring accuracy for each round based on the actual measured data
(optional).
■
Qualified according to NATO STANAG 4114.
■
Velocity range from 30 to 3000 m/s.
■
Burst rounds up to 10.000 rounds/minute.
■
Accuracy is typical better than ± 0.05%.
■
Precision is typical better than ± 0.1%.
■
Stores up to 1000 muzzle velocity results in the non-volatile memory.
■
RS-232 and RS-422 Fire Control Computer interfaces.
■
Advanced muzzle velocity management system for more than 500 different combinations. The
weapon/ammunition/charge database can be upgraded via the external interface from a
computer without opening the MVRS-700SC system box.
■
Software is programmed into non-volatile memory, but the software can be updated via the
external interface from a computer without opening the system box. This enables Weibel to
update the system if you have any special requirements.
■
Complete hardware test during power up including a total system test using a built-in system
tester.
■
Based on the same theory and has exactly the same analysing software as the well known
Weibel W-680/SL-520 Doppler radar system. This system consists of the SL-520 Doppler radar
antenna and the W-680 Doppler radar analyser.
■
Tested on all kinds of weapons and ammunition, including base bleed and rocket
assisted projectiles, by the US Army, the Swiss Army and the Dutch Army. The MVRS700 passed all these tests showing superior performance.
6/27
4.
INTRODUCTION TO MUZZLE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT
The correct and accurate muzzle velocity is a vital piece of information to improve the accuracy of a
moderns artillery system.
A large number of parameters has influence on the muzzle velocity (e.g. temperature, humidity,
barrel conditions etc.), in order to compensate for all these factor it is vital to use the actual
measured muzzle velocity to adjust the gun settings for each individual gun.
The errors introduced by not measuring the actual muzzle velocity and using the assumed value in
the gun setup, represent a relative importance of 40% of all possible error sources at a range of 30
km.
At a range of 25 km, an error of just 1% (one percent) in the assumed muzzle velocity will make the
round impact more than 300m from the desired target.
When added to your weapon system the MVRS-700 system offers you:
4.1.
■
Mission completed with a minimum number of rounds.
■
Gun aim can be corrected and succeeding rounds fired before the first round impacts.
■
Minimum logistic requirements.
■
Cost effective operation.
Principle for the muzzle velocity measurement
All Weibel Muzzle Velocity Doppler Radar Systems are based on the following operational
principles:
■
The system is armed from the FCC prior to each round fired.
■
When armed the system waits for the trigger from the built-in acoustic sensor. There is no
microwave radiation while the system is waiting for the trigger.
■
When the round is fired, the shockwave is detected by the built-in acoustic sensor, and the
antenna begins to radiate a high frequency low power signal. The signal reflected from the
projectile contains information about the actual projectile velocity.
■
The reflected signal is digitized and recorded in the unit.
■
When typically 0.5 seconds of the signal has been recorded the antenna is switched off again.
■
An advanced digital signal analysis is applied to the recorded signal. The calculated velocity
points are extrapolated back to the time for muzzle exit and the muzzle velocity of the round
calculated.
■
The result is presented to the operator on the optional display or submitted to the FCC.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Vel.
Muzzle 
Velocity
Time
Extrapolation to Muzzle exit
Based on 64 or 128 measured points
7/27
5.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The MVRS-700SC system box contains all the necessary electronics. The Doppler antenna section
is based on the well known Weibel SL-520M Doppler radar antenna used all over the world for
ballistic tests on proving grounds and in private companies. The digital section is based on the well
known W-700 Doppler analyser.
Microphone
Amplifier
Detection
Power supply
5 & ±15 Volt
Filter and
Protection
18-32 Volt DC
Transmitter
Oscilator
MW Filter
Control (TX on, Frequency set, etc.)
AGC Amp.
ADC
Reciever
Optional
Acc. Meter
Amplifier
Serial I/O
RS-232/RS-422
Digital
Signal
Processor
Main
CPU
Optional
Serial I/O
RS-232/RS-422
ADC
128 KByte RAM
To Computer (FCC)
To Computer/Display
Memory
Flash & RAM
MVRS-700SC Block Diagram
The block diagram above shows the functional blocks in the MVRS-700SC and their interconnection.
All electronics are integrated in a single unit and the only additional item needed to make the
MVRS-700SC operational is a cable connecting it to the FCC and 24 Volt DC power supply.
5.1
Doppler antenna section
The Antenna section of the MVRS-700SC has a build in microwave switch, narrow band microwave
filter, user selectable antenna transmitting frequency(optional), acoustic trigger, motion
compensation transducer (optional), and an all over system Doppler test device.
MVRS-700SC Antenna part with Doppler Module and Acoustic trigger
8/27
The microwave radiation is controlled from the digital section, and the switch is only turned on when
a trigger is detected from the acoustic trigger in the antenna. The microwave transmission is
automatically turned off after the measurement is finished, typically 0.5 second after muzzle exit.
The antenna can also be set in a mode, where the antenna is always transmitting.
The narrow band microwave filter ensures that other radars, and especially high power pulse
radars, do not saturate the receiver in the Doppler radar antenna.
The transmitting frequency is controlled from the digital section and enables several systems to be
used in parallel with different transmitting frequencies.
The all over system test generator, integrated in the oscillator, generates a Doppler signal and is
used for a total system test during power up.
5.2
Digital processor section
The digital section of the MVRS-700SC contains the data acquisition and processing unit for
calculation of all results. The MVRS-700SC is fully remote controlled from the Fire Control
Computer via the external interfaces.
The electronics section uses 3.3 Volt circuits as far as possible, this allow high component density
with a minimum of power consumption.
The processing part of the MVRS-700SC is based on the W-700M Muzzle Velocity Processor.
The Power supply and processing electronics is placed between the two half of the MVRS-700SC
house as shown below.
MVRS-700SC Assembly with Antenna, Electronics and connector panel
The software is programmed into non volatile memory, but the software can be updated via the
external interface from a computer without opening the MVRS-700SC system box.
9/27
5.3
Operation
The MVRS-700SC has no user controllable parameters, all operation is controlled from the FCC
using a simple command interpreter with a basic set of commands to: arm and disarm the system,
perform a self test, read and erase the calculated or stored results and submit the necessary
information for the Muzzle Velocity management system.
When a trigger is detected from the acoustic transducer the system starts to radiate and digitize the
return signal to the signal memory.
If the trigger is rejected by the system as invalid the system immediately stops radiating and returns
to the armed mode.
If the trigger is valid the system records the data for up to 1 second before the transmitter is
switched off.
The recorded signal is analysed in the digital processor unit using Fast Fourier Transformation
(FFT) to extract up to 128 Velocity data points. If the motion compensation option is selected the
points are corrected for the gun jump influence. An intelligent 2nd order polynomial curve fit is
applied to the data points, this curve fit is extrapolated back to the muzzle exit point.
The calculated muzzle velocity is transmitted to the FCC over the serial interface, and stored
internally for later read out.
The system returns to the idle mode a few seconds after the round was fired.
The use of a high number of data points and a 2nd order polynomial fit, enables the MVRS-700SC
to measure the muzzle velocity on all known ammunitions and weapon systems with the highest
possible accuracy and reliability.
The MVRS-700SC is the most accurate and precise system on the market due to:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Longest measurement time: Up to 1 second
Most velocity points: Up to 128
Smallest velocity filter bandwidth: Down to 1 m/s (70 Hz)
Motion compensation (option)
Self calibration technology (option)
Muzzle velocity calculation using maximum data for a 2nd order polynomial fit
Qualified in accordance with NATO STANAG no. 4114
¦
MVRS-700SC on mounting bracket
10/27
5.4
Technical specifications
MVRS-700SC Technical Specifications
Radar section
Antenna type
Transmitter type
Output power
Antenna gain
Horizontal beam
Vertical beam
Noise figure
Base frequency
Frequency agility
Frequency stability
Front end filter
Data Acquisition
Micro strip array technology
FETDRO / Amplifier
300 mW ±100 mW
21 dB ±1 dB
10° ±1°
20° ±2°
7 dB ±1dB
10.400 - 10.600 GHz ±0.5 MHZ (Customer specified)
5 User selectable, ±3 MHZ around the centre frequency (optional)
100 ppm over temperature range
Narrow band microwave filter
Input channels
Anti aliasing filter
Converter
Sample period
Signal memory
Trigger source
Digital section
1
Software controllable
12 Bits analog to digital converter
1.6 - 3000 sec/sample, in 0.2 sec steps
128K samples, 1M samples optional
Doppler, Acoustic, accelerometer(optional) or combinations
Central processor
Signal processor
Serial interface
Operating system
Protocol
General
Intel 80386EX
Analog Devices ADSP-21065Floating Point DSP
1 RS-422 / RS-232
Weibel multi tasking Operating System (WOS)
Standard and Customer specified protocol for FCC interface
Trigger detector
System tester
Motion transducer
Velocity range
Rate of fire
MTBF
Dimensions
Weight
Power supply
Surface
Memory type
Built-in acoustic detector for starting of the microwave transmission
Built-in all over Doppler system tester, integrated in oscillator
Accelerometer (only with motion compensation option)
30-3000 m/s
Up to 10.000 rounds pr. min.
More than 10000 hours1
195x187x67 mm
5 kg
18-32 VDC, 20 Watt maximum
Corrosion protected, painted green
All parameter settings and results stored in non volatile FLASH
memory, no internal battery
No input parameters required for operation
Parameter setting
1
Calculated in accordance with MIL-HDBK-217 parts count method, for ground mobile/fixed equipment at an
ambient temperature of 30°C (86°F)
11/27
6.
MUZZLE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT STEP BY STEP
In this section the procedure for muzzle velocity measurements will be described in details.
The muzzle velocity measurement procedure can be divided into two. The first part is the data
acquisition where the signal is recorded, the second part is the processing of the recorded data to
extract and submit the muzzle velocity.
6.1
Data acquisition
During the actual measurement the following steps are performed:
Step: 1-2
The system is armed either from the FCC or automatically when the
previous round has been processed, starting the automatic sampling of
the accelerometer for the motion compensation (optional).
Step: 3-5
When armed the system awaits the trigger, generated when the
shockwave from the muzzle exit hits the acoustic transducer. When the
trigger is detected the system immediately turns on the trans-mitter and
start sampling the signal for validation of the trigger.
Step: 6
If the trigger is rejected (no signal present) the transmitter is switched off
and the system returns to the ”await trigger” mode. This ensures that
the system is immune to random trigger pulses (e.g. introduced by firing
of other guns close by).
Measurement
Process
1.
Arm system
and Trigger
detect ion
2.
Start
sampling of
accelerometer
for mot ion
compensation
3.
Trigger
detect ed?
Yes
4.
Swit ch
transmit ter
on
5.
Sample
Doppler
signal f or
trigger reject
6.
Signal
present , accept
trigger?
Step: 7-8
If the trigger is accepted (signal present) the data acquisition process
continues. The system awaits the preprogramed trigger delay to elapse
(typical 20 msec) before it starts digitizing the signal to the memory. The
sampling process stops when the programmed measurement time has
elapsed (typical 0.5 second).
7.
Await trigger
delay, typical
20 msec
8.
Sample Doppler
signal to
memory t ypical
0.5 second
Step: 9-10
The transmitter is switched off and the sampling of the accelerometer
for the motion compensation stopped (optional).
9.
Swit ch
transmit ter
off
Step: 11
If the system includes the self calibration feature the calibration
generator is switched on and the calibration data collected, this last
typically 0.2 sec.
Step: 12
The collected data is analysed with the FFT analysis and curve fitting
software to extract the muzzle velocity. The result is submitted to the
FCC and/or D-700 display unit (optional) and stored internally.
Step: 13
If the auto rearm function is selected the system returns to the “await
trigger” mode. If not the system returns to “Idle” mode and awaits the
next command from the FCC.
No
No
Yes
10.
Stop sampling
of
accelerometer
11.
Start and record
calibration signal
optional
0.2 sec t ypical
12.
Process the signal,
find Muzzle Velocity
send result t o FCC
13.
Auto rearm ?
Yes
No
Measurement Complete
The measurement can at any time be aborted immediately by execution of a command from the
FCC.
12/27
6.2
Data analysis
The recorded data are automatically processed using FFT and
advanced digital signal processing. The system calculates a predefined
number (64 or 128) of FFT spectrums distributed evenly over the
measurement time (typical 0.5 second) This ensures that all available
information is used in the muzzle velocity calculation.
Step: 1-2
First the round number assigned to the measurement is increased, and
the parameters for the initial velocity search window setup.
Step: 3-4
The first FFT spectrum is calculated based on 1024 or 2048 samples,
as defined in the system configuration. The spectrum is scanned within
the search window and the velocity point is found, the signal to noise
ratio is calculated from the spectrum and the associated time is
calculated as the centre sample in the spectrum. These basic results
(Time, Velocity and S/N) are later used to establish the muzzle velocity
using a curve fit.
Step: 5
The search window for the next FFT spectrum is calculated based on
the velocity points already found.
V0 Ca lc ulat ion
1.
In cre ase
Ro und nu m ber
2.
Set init ia l
Velo city
se arc h W indo w
3.
Ca lc ulat e F F T
sp ectr um
4.
F ind velo city
po int in
se arc h W ind ow
5.
Ca lc ulat e
ne xt s ear ch
wind ow, ba sed
on kn own
ve lo city poin ts
6.
Step: 7
If the motion compensation feature is available each velocity point is
compensated for the actual measured gun jump velocity at the
associated time.
Step: 8
The velocity points are compensated for the geometrical parallax error,
present because the antenna is offset a little from the bore of the barrel.
Step: 9-12
Velocity points which does not meet the predefined signal to noise
criteria is removed, and a Least Mean Square (LMS) fit is calcu-lated,
this fit is used to reject wrong measurement points to far from the fit.
The best possible LMS fit is selected. This fit is then extrapolated back
to time zero (muzzle exit) to give muzzle velocity and the accuracy of
the result is calculated (optional).
Step: 13
If selected the normalized muzzle velocity is calculated.
No
Yes
7.
Co mp ens ate th e
ca lculat ed
ve lo city poin ts f or
gu n ju m p ( Op tion al)
8.
Co mp ens ate
fo r t he
ge om et rica l
pa ra llax e rr or
9.
Re mo ve b ad or
wro ng
ve lo city po ints
The next spectrum is then calculated and scanned within the new
search window.
Step: 6
This procedure (3-5) is repeated until the predefined number of velocity
points (64 or 128) has been calculated.
La st
sp ectr um
ca lculat ed ?
(6 4 o r 128 )
10.
De ter min e
be st p oss ible
Le ast Me an Squ ar e
(L MS) fit
11.
Extr ap olat e th e f it
to Mu zzle exit,
Ca lc ulat e V0
12.
Ca lc ulat e
M uzzle Velo city
ac cur acy
(o ptio na l)
13.
Ca lc ulat e
No rm alize d V0
(if sele cte d)
14.
Sub mit re sult
to F CC an d
sto re inte rn al
Re tur n to M EAS Proc ess
Step: 14
The result is send to the FCC and/or display unit D-700 and stored internally for later read out.
If no valid muzzle velocity could be established (e.g. poor signal quality, or low accuracy) this is
indicated to the FCC and the result should not be used in statistical calculations etc.
13/27
7.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
The MVRS-700SC is designed to be operated in field conditions, with no daily maintenance. The
system box is totally closed to protect the advanced electronic components inside. The MVRS-700SC
is water- and dust-proof and protected against EMI, shocks and bumps according to MIL-STD-810,
MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-1275. Refer to section 8, 'Environmental Specifications'.
7.1
Cleaning the MVRS-700SC
The MVRS-700SC needs little cleaning in normal operations. Cleaning should only be carried out
when the MVRS-700SC is off in order to avoid short-circuiting. When removing any cable from a
connector, be sure to install the protective cap.
The radiating surface of the antenna must be kept clean and free of extensive built-up of mud, dust or
ice for optimum performance.
The MVRS-700SC can be cleaned with common detergents. Use a soft cloth or brush to clean it,
taking care not to scratch the radiating surface.
The connector on the back of the MVRS-700SC is specified to be water- and dust-proof with either a
protective cap or a mating cable connector installed. In normal use, be sure to have the cable or a
protective cap on the connector.
After cleaning, check that no small stones nor grit are lodged in the connector, as this might bend
connector pins and disrupt connections in general.
7.2
Other Maintenance
Check for the following and correct the problem immediately upon discovery:
■
■
■
■
7.3
Bent pins in the male connector.
Glogged holes in the female connector of the cable.
Loose bolts in the fastening.
Loose screws in back panel connector.
Physical dimensions In this section the procedure for muzzle velocity
MVRS-700SC Mounting dimensions
14/27
8.
ENVIRONMETAL SPECIFICATIONS
The MVRS-700SC has been tested to, and has passed, the following environmental specifications:
Environmental tests
Tested in accordance with
Conditions
Climatic:
High temperature,
storage
MIL-STD-810D
Method 501.2 Procedure I
Temperature:
Duration:
71 C (160F)
72 hours
High temperature,
storage
MIL-STD-810D
Temperature:
Duration:
-45 C (-50F)
72 hours
High temperature,
operation
MIL-STD-810D
Method 501.2 Procedure II
Temperature:
Duration:
55 C (130F)
72 hours
Low temperature,
operation
MIL-STD-810D
Temperature:
Duration:
-45 C (-50F)
72 hours
Environmental tests
Conditions
MIL-STD-810D
Solar radiation:
Temperature:
Duration:
Rain
MIL-STD-810D
Rain fall rate:
0.1 m/hour
Wind velocity:
18 m/s
Duration:
30 min on each side
Humidity
MIL-STD-810D
Method 507.2
Upper temp:
Climatic:
Solar radiation
2
1120 W/m
40 °C (104°F)
56 days
60 C (140F)
95% RH
30 C (86F)
95% RH
10 days
(30 cycles)
Lower temp:
Duration:
Salt fog
MIL-STD-810D
Method 509.2, Procedure I
Salt conc:
Spraying period:
temperature:
5 % NaCl
48 hours
35C (95°F)
Sand and dust
MIL-STD-810D
Method 510.2, Procedure I+II
Duration (dust):
6 hours at
6 hours at
Duration (sand):
23C (73°F)
55C (130°F)
90 min./face
Low pressure
(altitude)
MIL-STD-810D
Method 500.2, Procedure I+II
Duration:
(storage): 1 hour at
14 kPa
Fungus
MIL-STD-810D Method 508.3
Duration:
28 days
15/27
Environmental tests
Conditions
Mechanical:
Vibration
MIL-STD-810D
Freq::
Duration:
Axes:
Bump
MIL-STD-810D
Pulse amplitude: 40 G, half sine
Pulse Duration:
6 ms
No of bumps:
4000
No of axes:
1 (most critical)
Shock
MIL-STD-810D
Method 516.3
Pulse amplitude:
Pulse Duration:
No of bumps:
Environmental tests
Conditions
MIL-STD-461C
part 4, CE 03, CE01
Measurements of conducted emission on the supply.
Conducted
susceptibility
MIL-STD-461C
part 4, CS 01, CS 02, CS 06;
MIL-STD-1275A
Superposition of sine wave signals
on the supply.
Radiated emission
MIL-STD-461C
part 4, RE 02
Measurement of radiated E-field at
a distance of 1m.
Radiated
susceptibility
MIL-STD-461C
part 4, RS 03
Measurement of radiated
susceptibility using strip line and
linear polarized antennas.
Conducted
susceptibility
MIL-STD-1275A (AT)
Superposition of positive surge
transients on the supply.
Electromagnetic
Interference:
Conducted emission
10-500 Hz at 4 G
3.5 hours/axis
3 orthogonal
50 G, half sine
11 ms
3 /direction
16/27
9.
MUZZLE VELOCITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The MVRS-700SC includes an advanced muzzle velocity management system with standard tables
for a lot of weapon/projectile/charge combinations.
The MVRS-700SC holds more than 500 different weapon/projectile/charge combinations in the nonvolatile memory.
The following weapon/projectile/charge information is stored for each muzzle velocity measurement
(M109 is used as an example):
■
Weapon:
M109A2
■
Weapon #:
A227
■
Barrel #:
1C0025
■
Proj.:
HE-M107
■
Proj Lot:
A12345
■
Weight:
2 sq
■
Charge:
M3 3G
■
Lot:
B11111
■
Temp.:
21°C
The weapon/projectile/charge data is used to:
■
Calculate the normalised muzzle velocity, compensated for non standard conditions. The
measured and the normalised muzzle velocity as well as the muzzle velocity variation are
calculated and can be transferred to the Fire Control Computer (FCC).
■
Organize the measured muzzle velocities in logical groups. The MVRS-700SC can use this to
calculate various statics based on a specified combination of the above mentioned information
(e.g. transmit or erase muzzle stored velocity results for HE-M107 projectiles fired with charge
M3 3G).
The input parameters for the Muzzle Velocity management System are down loaded from the FCC to
the MVRS-700SC.
17/27
10.
FIRE CONTROL COMPUTER INTERFACE
The interface between the MVRS-700 and the Fire Control Computer (FCC) is based on a simple
command interpreter and uses a few straight forward ASCII commands.
Customer specified protocol can be incorporated to interface the MVRS-700 with an existing FCC.
The commands falls into 4 groups:
■
Self test & status
■
Measurement & results
■
Advanged Muzzle Velocity Manegment System data
■
Additional paramters, only needed for setting up the basic parameters when
installing the MVRS-700.
The list below gives the basic commands needed for operation together with a FCC. A complete list
2
of the commands can be found in the “W-680/W-700/MVRS-700 mmand interpreter” manual .
Self test & Status
MVRSTEST
Repeat the built-in self test and report the result
SYSSTAT
Return the system status (Idle, Measuring, ..)
Measurement & Results
MEASURE
Arm the system, the system will wait for a valid trigger before radiating
STOPMEASURE
Abort a measurement, the system returns to its idle mode
MUZZVEL
Returns the muzzle velocity and accuracy(optional) for the last measured
round
NORMMUZZVEL
Returns the normalised muzzle velocity for the last measured round
Advanced Muzzle Velocity Management system data
3
WEAPONTYPE
Weapon type (e.g. M109A2)
WEAPONNUMBER
Weapon number (e.g. A227)
BARRELNUMBER
Serial number of the barrel (e.g. 1C0025)
PROJTYPE
Projectile type (e.g. HEM107)
PROJNUMBER
Projectile lot number (e.g. A12345)
AMMWEIGHT
Projectile weight (e.g. 4 SQ)
PROPZONE
Propellant/charge type (e.g. 3G)
PROPNUMBER
Propellant lot number(e.g. B11111)
PROPTEMP
Propellant temperature (e.g. 23 DEG C)
2
Doc. number WE-1021
3
Optional to be negotiated
18/27
11.
D-700 OPTIONAL DISPLAY UNIT
When connected to the optional display unit D-700 the MVRS-700SCD can be operated without a
FCC connection using the same menu structure as the W-700 processor unit.
When operated from the display unit D-700 the reading of the results and operation are controlled
from the keyboard of the D-700.
The result can independent of the D-700 be submitted to the FCC connected to the serial interface.
D-700 Display unit (optional)
D-700 Display Unit Specification
Display Type
Dimensions
Weight
Power supply
Interface
Maximum distance
2 x 16 character LED display
160x100x50 mm
1 kg
From MVRS-700SC
RS-422
150 m from MVRS-700SC
19/27
12.
MOTION COMPENSATION OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS
The fact that the weapon platform, on which the antenna is mounted, moves due to the forces
introduced by the gun recoil - often referred to as gun jump. Makes it essential to compensate the
muzzle velocity results for the influence from the gun jump.
Velocity measured by Doppler radar = Projectile velocity + Gun Jump velocity
Furthermore the actual gun jump varies with a lot of parameters such as muzzle velocity, firing
elevation, projectile type, etc. The gun jump increases with higher muzzle velocity (more energy to
absorb) and can be as high as 2 m/s for a Muzzle Velocity of 1000 m/s giving an error of 0.2% in the
velocity measured by a Doppler radar mounted on the gun. This is two times higher than allowed in
the NATO stanag 4114.
This variation makes it necessary to measure the actual gun jump velocity in order to make an
accurate compensation. The unique motion compensation feature based on actual gun jump
measurements has recently been developed by Weibel, and can be incorporated in the MVRS700SC system as an option.
The MVRS-700SC measures and compensated for the actual gun jump velocity
giving the correct projectile velocity.
The influence of the gun jump on the muzzle velocity measurement is illustrated with an example
below. The first figure shows both the uncompensated and the compensated Velocity versus Time
curve. The signal was recorded with the MVRS-700SC mounted on a 155 mm self propelled howitzer.
Radial VELOCITY versus TIME
R ound: 1
V el.
m /s
840. 0
835. 0
 No Motion Compensation
830. 0
Motion Compensated 
825. 0
820. 0
815. 0
810. 0
805. 0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
Tim e s ec.
The difference in the muzzle velocity result was in this case as high as 1.16 m/s or 0.14%.
The second figure shows the gun jump velocity versus time.
R o u nd : 1
Gun Jump VELOCITY versus TIME
Ve l.
m /s
D a te 96 0 7 0 9 T im e :1 0:4 7 :28
0 .8
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2
0 .0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
0 .00
0 .05
0 .10
0 .15
0 .20
0 .25
0 .30
0 .35
0 .40
0 .45
0 .50
T im e se c.
Please note that the gun jump last for more than the 0.5 second where the muzzle velocity is
actually measured and the antenna therefore moves with the gun during the entire muzzle
velocity measurement.
20/27
The influence from the gun jump on the muzzle velocity result is best illustrated by
comparing the results from a reference system placed on a tripod and the MVRS-700
mounted on the weapon with and without motion compensation.
The gun jump has no influence on the reference system, therefore the effect from the gun
jump can be seen directly.
The table below shows a comparison of the MVRS-700 results from two 155 mm firing with
the results from two reference systems (A & B) placed on the ground.
High charge series
Medium charge series
MVRS-700
Ref. A
Ref. B
Without MC
MVRS-700
With MC
Ref. A
Ref. B
Without MC
With MC
846.6
846.5
847.6
846.6
700.8
701.2
701.9
701.3
848.5
848.8
850.0
849.1
702.3
702.3
702.9
702.2
846.1
846.0
847.2
846.2
699.5
699.4
700.1
699.5
847.7
847.6
848.7
847.8
696.5
696.2
696.8
696.3
846.4
846.4
847.4
846.5
699.8
699.7
700.3
699.6
845.1
844.9
846.1
845.2
696.3
696.1
696.8
696.0
848.5
848.4
849.4
848.4
698.5
698.2
698.8
698.2
845.3
845.0
845.9
844.8
701.0
700.9
701.5
700.9
845.9
845.7
846.5
845.5
699.9
699.6
700.2
699.7
846.8
846.9
847.9
846.9
700.1
699.8
700.5
699.8
846.4
845.4
847.0
846.0
700.0
700.0
700.7
700.1
1.02
0.05
0.59
-0.04
0.121
0.006
0.084
-0.005
Precision (m/s)
Precision (%)
Precision (m/s)
Precision (%)
Conclusion:
■
■
The precision with motion compensation is 15-20 times higher than without
The gun jump effect varies ≈40% with a 17% change in the muzzle velocity.
21/27
13.
ACCURACY TEST
The MVRS-700 has been tested for accuracy at various occasions both in the U.S.A. and in Europe
when testing the accuracy of a new system the results from the new system is compared to the
results from two independent systems in accordance to the STANAG 4114 specification.
Below an example from one of these tests illustrates how accurate the MVRS-700 system with motion
compensation is.
Round
V0 ref. A
V0 ref. B
MVRS-700
1
669.70
669.40
669.90
0.35
2
667.20
666.70
667.10
0.15
3
670.40
670.10
670.60
0.35
4
670.20
670.20
670.40
0.20
5
669.30
669.20
669.80
0.55
6
668.00
667.80
668.10
0.20
7
668.30
668.20
668.70
0.45
8
665.70
665.70
666.10
0.40
9
669.00
668.90
669.50
0.55
10
669.30
669.20
669.30
0.05
11
667.50
667.30
667.70
0.30
12
666.90
666.80
666.90
0.05
13
667.80
667.90
668.40
0.55
14
668.00
667.80
667.90
0.00
15
667.70
667.70
668.00
0.30
16
667.20
667.10
667.50
0.35
17
669.00
668.80
669.30
0.40
18
668.20
668.10
668.20
0.05
19
666.50
665.80
666.30
0.15
20
666.50
666.20
666.60
0.25
21
666.30
666.00
666.50
0.35
Stdev & precision
[m/s]:
[%]:
std(A)
0.16
0.02
std(B)
0.08
0.01
std(MVRS-700)
0.17
0.02
Prec(MVRS-700)
0.29
0.04
(MVRS-700) -(A+B)/2
As it can be seen both the accuracy and the precision of the MVRS-700 is more than two times better
than required by the NATO STANAG 4114.
22/27
14.
STANAG 4114 QUALIFICATION
The MVRS-700 system has been tested by the Danish Army, and accepted in accordance to NATO
STANAG No. 4114. Part of the report are shown below, the complete report is available on request.
Report on MVRS-700 qualification – courtesy of the Danish Army
23/27
15.
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
The 19 pin connector on the rear of the MVRS-700SC carries the supply voltage for the system as
well as all signals necessary for the communication to the FCC.
Connector type : CANNON KPT02E14-19P-EX
Pin
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
R
S
T
U
V
Signal
Description
TX +
TX RX +
RX RTS +
RTS CTS +
CTS IOTYPE
VIN SGND
TX2
GND
RX2
VIN +
STAT 1
STAT 2
VIN VIN +
Transmit data +
Transmit data Receive data +
Receive data Request To Send +
Request To Send Clear To Send +
Clear To Send I/O Type select (RS-232C or RS-422)
Input voltage Signal ground
Secondary Transmit data
Ground
Secondary receive data
Input voltage +
Status signal 1
Status signal 2
Input voltage Input voltage +
The RTS & CTS signals are used for hardware handshaking
Signal pairs RXD+/RXD- and CTS+/CTS- are terminated by 100 ohm parallel between positive and
negative signals, and 10K pull-up/down.
Note that when plugging an RS-232C cable into the connector, the IOTYPE pin should be pulled low
(to GND).
Matting cable connector: CANNON KPSE6E14-19S-DZ
24/27
16.
DISPLAY CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION (MODEL MVRS-700SCD ONLY)
The 10 pin connector on the rear of the MVRS-700SCD carries the supply voltage and data
communication to the D-700 Display.
Connector type : CANNON KPT7A12-10S-EX
Pin
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
Signal
Description
DRX DRX+
DTX +
D+
D+
ON/OFF
DG
DDTXD-
Receive data Receive data +
Transmit data +
Display Power + (24 V)
ON/OFF Signal
Ground
Transmit data Display Power + (0 V)
Matting cable connector: CANNON KPSE6E12-10P-DZ
17.
D-700 DISPLAY CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
The 10 pin connector on the D-700 Display carries the supply voltage and data between the D-700
display unit and the MVRS-700SCD.
Connector type : CANNON KPTE12-10P-EX
Pin
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
Signal
Description
TRX TRX +
RTX +
D+
D+
ON/OFF
DG
DRTXD-
Transmit data Transmit data +
Receive data +
ON/OFF Signal
Ground
Receive data Display Power + (0 V)
Matting cable connector: CANNON KPSE6E12-10S-DZ
25/27
18.
ELECTRICAL POWER DETAILS
MVRS-700SC Electrical Power Details
Input Voltage range
18-32 Volt DC
Nominal input voltage
24 Volt DC
Maximum Power
20 Watt
Power Consumption @ 24 : Without optional Display
Typical values:
Standby
9 Watt
Active
16 Watt
Power Consumption @ 24 : Including optional Display
Typical values:
Standby
Standby
Off:
1
16 Watt
1
19 Watt
1.5 Watt
Maximum light intensity
26/27
Weibel Scientific
NORTH AMERICA:
44001 Indian Fields Court
Lansdowne, VA 20176-1641
USA
Phone: +1-571-278-1989
Fax:
+1-425-699-8211
E-mail: [email protected]
HEADQUARTERS:
Solvang 30
3450 Allerød
Denmark
Phone: +45-7010-8511
Fax:
+45-7010-6558
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.weibel.dk
Doc ID: CS-1003-005
Prepared by: FK
Date: MAR-2008
Expires: APR-2009
27/27

MVRS-700SC MUZZLE VELOCITY RADAR SYSTEM - Tech-Bel

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