Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n. and P. erzurumensis sp. n.

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Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n. and P. erzurumensis sp. n.
(Nematoda: Tylenchoidea) from Soil in Turkey
HASAN S. YUKSEL
University of Atatiirk, Department of Entomology, Erzurum, Turkey
ABSTRACT: Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n. most closely resembles P. ritteri from which it differs in usually
having punctations or spots only on lateral field, a longer body, stylet knobs directed posteriad and
phasmids in anterior portion of tail. Pratylenchoides erzurumensis sp. n. can be distinguished from the
closely related species, P. laticauda and P. crenicauda, by the truncate tail tip, areolated outer bands of
lateral field on tail and absence of lateral canals.
Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n. and P. erzurumensis sp. n. were discovered by the author in
washings obtained from soil collected about the
roots of snap bean and mulberry, respectively.
Pratylenchoides alkani is found in snap bean
soil in Kan-Ispir and P. erzurumensis in mulberry soil in Pazaryolu, Erzurum. Both species
are wide-spread in these areas. P. alkani
closely resembles P. ritteri Slier, 1970. The
second new species, P. erzurumensis, has similarity with P. laticauda Braun and Loof, 1966
and P. crenicauda Winslow, 1958.
Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n.
(Fig. 1)
DESCRIPTION: Females (N = 10): L =
0.97 (0.82-1.21) mm; a = 31 (29-35); b =
4.5 (4.0-4.9); c = 16 (14-17); V = 215522;
stylet = 23.3 (22-25) /mi. Males (N = 10):
L = 0.90 (0.79-1.18) mm; a = 32 (28-37);
b = 6.4 (5.6-7.1); c = 14 (12-15); T = 21
(18-23); stylet = 20 (19-21) /mi; spicules =
23—25 fim; gubernaculum = 8-9 /on.
Female (holotype): L = 1.01 mm; a = 34;
b = 4.5; c = 15; V = 2i5522; stylet = 22 /mi.
Body tapering slightly anteriorly and posteriorly, curved to C-shape when killed by gentle
heat. Cuticle marked by annules averaging 2
/urn in width at mid body, slightly smaller near
head, larger 011 dorsal side of tail.
Lateral canals absent. Lateral field with 6
incisures (occasionally 4) about mid region of
body, usually punctate or spotted through the
lateral field length.
Rounded lip region with 4-5 annules. Stylet
robust, knobs directed slightly posteriad. Dorsal oesophageal gland orifice about 3 /mi be-
hind stylet base. Oesophagus well developed,
with oblong median bulb. Isthmus about 1.5
times as long as median bulb. Nerve-ring
encircling isthmus near middle. Oesophageal
glands overlapping intestine 1—2 body widths.
Hemizonid 2 body annules anterior to excretory pore. Deirids conspicuous, at excretory
pore level. Rounded spherical spermatheca
filled with nearly round sperm, spermathecae
equidistant from vulva. Oocytes in a single
file.
Tail with 18-27 annules, cylindroid with a
bluntly rounded, coarsely and irregularly annulated terminus; tail cuticle thickened near tip.
Phasmids 1/10 of the tail length anterior to
middle of tail. Tail about 3 anal body diameters long.
Male (allotype) 3: L - 0.91 mm; a = 31;
b = 6.1; c = 15; T = 20; stylet = 20 /mi;
spicules = 24 /mi; gubernaculum = 9 /mi.
Lip region distinctly higher, conoid; 3—4
more annules than in female. Stylet weaker
and shorter. Oesophagus and oesophageal
glands not as well developed as in female.
Rarely inner incisures broken up into oblique
lines and ends of these incisures somewhat
bent outwards or inwards. Gubernaculum
linear, slightly curved proximally.
HOLOTYPE: Female collected 10 September
1971 by H. S. Yiiksel, slide number X-10,
University of Atatiirk, Department of Entomology, Nematode Collection, Erzurum, Turkey.
ALLOTYPE: Male, same data as holotype,
slide number X—11.
PARATYPES: Thirty-two females, 18 males,
12 juveniles, University of Atatiirk, Department of Entomology, Erzurum, Turkey; 8 fe-
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187
males, 10 males, 4 juveniles, Department of
Nematology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
TYPE HABITAT: Soil about the roots of snap
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
TYPE LOCALITY: Kan-ispir, Erzurum, Turkey.
DIAGNOSIS: Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n.
most closely resembles P. ritteri from which it
differs in usually having punctation or spots
only on the lateral field and a longer body,
curved to a C-shape when killed by gentle heat.
Stylet knobs are directed posteriad. In addition, phasmids are in the anterior portion of the
tail and the lateral field usually has six incisures.
Pratylenchoides erzurumensis sp. n.
(Fig. 2)
DESCRIPTION: Females (N = 12): L =
0.60 (0.55-0.67) mm; a = 25 (24-26); b =
4.4 (3.9-4.8); c = 19 (15-20); V = 275922;
stylet = 21 (21-22) /xm. Male: Unknown.
Female (holotype): L = 0.64 mm; a = 27;
b = 4.8; c = 20; V = 275924.
Body outstretched when killed by gentle
heat; cylindroid, tapering anteriorly in front of
median bulb, posteriorly at about midpoint
between vulva and anus. Body annules uniform, averaging 1.5 /.on wide except in posterior end of tail region. Lateral canals absent.
Six incisures in lateral field, 2 disappearing
anteriorly and posteriorly.
Lip region slightly or not set off, 3-4 annules; roundish. Spear robust with well developed, angular basal knobs 5-6 /mi in width,
directed slightly posteriad. Dorsal oesophageal
gland orifice about 3 ^m behind spear base.
Isthmus twice as long as median bulb. Nervering surrounding isthmus near end of median
oesophageal bulb. Oesophageal glands surrounding oesophago-intestinal junction on all
sides; dorsal and one ventro-sublateral glands
reaching somewhat further backward than
other ventro-sublateral one.
Oesophageal
glands overlaping intestine half to 1 body
8
Figure 2. Pratylenchoides erzurumensis sp. n.
A: female, oesophageal region; B: vulvar region; C:
female tail.
Figure 1. Pratylenchoides alkani sp. n. A: female, oesophageal region; B: vulvar region; C: female tail;
D: male, oesophageal region; E: male tail.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
width. Excretory pore located about at end of
isthmus. Hemizonid located 4 body annules
anterior to excretory pore. Deirids conspicuous, at excretory pore level.
Rounded spermatheca; anterior spermatheca
46 (40-56) /mi, posterior spermatheca 33 (2639) /im at distance from vulva, rarely with
rounded sperm.
Tail with 24 (17-33) annules, cylindroid,
tail tip coarsely and irregularly annulated,
truncate in lateral view; cuticle thickened near
tip. Outer bands of lateral field areolated in
tail region. Phasmids in anterior portion of
tail. Tail about 2 anal body diameters long.
Male: Unknown.
HOLOTYPE: Female collected 22 September
1971 by H. S. Yiiksel, slide number X-12,
University of Atatiirk, Department of Entomology, Nematode Collection, Erzurum, Turkey.
PARATYPES: Forty-one females, 14 juveniles,
University of Atatiirk, Department of Entomology, Nematode Collection, Erzurum, Turkey; 4 females, Department of Nematology,
University of California, Riverside, USA.
TYPE HABITAT: Soil about the roots of mulberry (Moms alba).
TYPE LOCALITY: Pazaryolu, Erzurum.
DIAGNOSIS: Pratylenchoides erzurumensis
can be distinguished from the closely related
species P. laticauda and P. crenicauda by the
truncate tail tip, areolated outer bands of the
lateral field on the tail, and absence of lateral
canals. It can be further distinguished from
P. laticauda by the smaller body size, shorter
overlap of the oesophageal glands, and absence
of males; and from P. crenicauda by the
smaller number of annules on the female tail.
Acknowledgment
I am deeply indebted to Dr. S. A. Sher for
his criticism and amendment of the manuscript.
Literature Cited
Braun, A. L., and P. A. A. Loof. 1966. Pratylenchoides laticauda n. sp., a new endoparasitic phytonematode. Neth. J. Plant
Pathol. 72: 241-245.
Sher, S. A. 1970. Revision of the genus Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958 (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea). Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
37: 154-166.
Winslow, R. D. 1958. The taxonomic position
of Amguillulina obtusa Goodey, 1932 and
1940. Nematologica 3: 136-139.
Eimeria dunsingi Farr, 1960: A Coccidium of
the Parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus^
KENNETH S. TODD, JR.,2 ANTHONY M. GALLiNA,3 AND JAMES M. SCHMIDTS
ABSTRACT: Oocysts of Eimeria dunsingi were found in feces of naturally infected birds, and sexual stages
of the parasite were present in the small intestine. Oocysts were ovoid and 25 to 36 ^m by 22 to 28 /urn.
Micropyle, oocyst residuum, and usually polar granules were absent. Sporocysts contained a granular
sporocyst residuum. No pathologic changes were observed in tissue sections containing the parasites.
Eimeria sp. n. Brada, 1966 is considered to be a synonym of Eimeria dunsingi. Farr, 1960.
Only four reports of intestinal coccidia in
psittaciform birds have been previously made
(Brada, 1966; Chakravarty and Kar, 194,7;
Fair, 1960; Morelli, 1956). The purpose of
1 Supported
in part by General Research Support Grant
RR05460 from the National Institutes of Health. The
figures were prepared by Timothy P. Howland.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois 61801.
3 Present address: Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163.
the present report is to describe Eimeria
dunsingi Farr, 1960 in naturally infected parakeets, Melopsittacus undulatus.
The
dealer
Texas.
placed
Materials and Methods
birds were from a Florida wholesale
who originally obtained the birds from
Feces from five infected birds were
in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington