PDF - Ron Blank and Associates, Inc.

STEP UP
TO
SAFETY
Course #: NYS05B
1 AIA HSW CE Hour
© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2015
An American Institute of Architects
(AIA) Continuing Education Program
Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. is a registered provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion are available for all course
participants upon completion of the course conclusion quiz with +80%.
Please view the following slide for more information on Certificates of
Completion through RBA
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that may
be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA
or Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. of any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any
material or product.
An American Institute of Architects
(AIA) Continuing Education Program
C O U R S E F O R M AT:
This is a structured, web-based, self-study course
C O U R S E C R E D I T:
1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) CE Hour
C O M P L E T I O N C E R T I F I C AT E :
A confirmation is sent to you by email and you can print one upon successful
completion of a course or from your RonBlank.com transcript. If you have any
difficulties
printing
or receiving
Certificate please send requests to
Send
email
requests
to:your
[email protected]
[email protected]
Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of
completion after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email
confirmations will be sent to the email address you have provided in your
RonBlank.com account.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
learn how to select the appropriate pre-manufactured
stair treads and nosings to improve the safety of
your building stairway design
learn the way pre-manufactured stair treads and
nosings can complement your building design and
improve the safe means of egress from your building
with proper installation
OBJECTIVES
upon completion of this course, the design professional
will be able to:
1. discuss the importance of using stair treads
2. identify types of manufactured stair treads and nosings that
are available, and where to use the different tread types
3. describe advantages of two part stair treads and nosings
4. discuss photo-luminescent stair treads and the building code
5. differentiate and distinguish the elements of stair treads and
nosings that make them safe and compliant with applicable codes
and standards
6. compare proper installation strategies on different types of
new and existing stair construction
7. explore successful cleaning and maintenance methods
required for ongoing safe and slip resistant stair treads and
walkways
OVERVIEW
stairs allow movement between floors and provide
egress
regulated by codes and standards for safety
anti-slip stair treads help prevent pedestrian slips and
falls, limiting risk and liability
STANDARDIZED STAIRS
1900’s:
-standardization of public
stairways
treads and nosings
emerge to meet safety
compliance:
- the first stair treads were
introduced for transit
authority applications and
were typically made of cast
iron or cast aluminum
EXTRUDED STAIR TREADS
• introduced to meet safety
and code requirements as
well as owners’ aesthetic
requirements
• extruded aluminum is
available in a variety of
abrasive material colors
BUILDING CODE REQUIRES
SLIP RESISTANCE
What does that mean?
•
treads and nosings to code provide the building
occupant with a safe, slip resistant stair
•
(Static) Coefficient of Friction (COF) is a value that
shows the relationship between the force of friction
between two objects and the normal force between
the objects
SLIP HAZARD
concrete is slippery when wet, polished or worn. Options for
reducing slip hazards include:
•
•
•
S L I D E A D H E S I V E TA P E
- does not work
- wears out indicating design failure and associated liability
- adhesive fails with some cleaning solvents and/or spills
- adhesive failure introduces slip hazard
VCT OR RUBBER
- Low COF
- Short life span
A B R A S I V E S TA I R T R E A D S
- COF greater than 0.85 to help prevent pedestrian slips
and falls
- longer life product that can be cleaned and maintained
STAIR MATERIALS
MOST COMMON:
- Wood
- Cast-in-place concrete
- Solid metal
- Steel pan filled w/concrete
LESS COMMON:
- Stone
- Carpet
- Masonry
- Tile
- Cast metal
- Terrazzo
TYPES OF MANUFACTURED
STAIR TREADS AND NOSINGS
extruded aluminum
- interior/exterior stairs in
most all conditions
cast aluminum
- heavy industrial use
cast iron
- heavy duty interior/exterior
stairs
rubber + vinyl
- extreme indoor light use
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM
6063-T5 aluminum alloy base
and nosing
virgin grain Aluminum Oxide
and/or Silicon Carbide
channel filler
color integral throughout
entire tread
ribbed bar abrasive
common options
- ribbed bar abrasive
- full abrasive
full abrasive
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM
RIBBED BAR ABRASIVE TREAD
ribbed bar abrasive
provides a higher COF
(Coefficient of Friction)
than full abrasive units,
Typical COF of 0.98 wet,
1.04 dry
ribs allow for use of
multiple colors
indoor/outdoor
applications
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM
FULL ABRASIVE TREAD
channel on the front and
the back of tread
suited for indoor and
outdoor applications
standard COF of 0.94 wet,
1.0 dry
multiple ribs also provide
additional strength to the
unit, providing a longer
lasting product
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM TREAD
OPTIONS –TWO PART
a replaceable product with temporary
plywood
- used during construction to prevent
concrete overspray damage to tread
- tread can also be replaced post
construction for building maintenance
uses a temporary plywood insert
protector until construction is complete
allows for easy post-installation
repair/replacement
available in both a ribbed bar and full
abrasive
RENOVATION TREADS
update an older stair tread
- existing concrete or
wood stairs
easy Installation
aesthetically pleasing and
safe walking surface
eliminates the requirement
to pour a new stair
renovation treads are an economical solution to
worn stairs or existing nosings that have failed
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM:VISION LINE
California Title 24/Vision Impaired
requirements
• a solid and continuous stripe shall be
applied to the horizontal leading edge of
the step and shall extend for the full
length of the step
• outlining stripes shall have a minimum
horizontal width of 1 inch
additional option to include a
visual line to the edge of the
tread
EXTRUDED ALUMINUM:
PHOTOLUMINESCENT
Photoluminescent
(glow-in-the-dark) aluminum
treads were introduced to
provide additional illumination
verify tread meets IBC codes
for luminescence
reference UL code 1994,
Luminous Egress Path
Marketing Systems, for
additional requirements
AESTHETICS MATTER
CAST ALUMINUM
319 aluminum alloy and
additive metals for strength
and durability
cast in sand beds
good machining
characteristics
cross-hatch finish with
silicon carbide to improve
coefficient of friction
CAST IRON
comply with ASTM A-48-70
cross-hatch finish with
silicon carbide
finished with a coat of black
paint which helps prevent
rust
CODE COMPLIANCE
check with code authorities to determine the stair design
requirements for the building that you are designing
CODE COMPLIANCE
ensure the design is up to local code
- generally updated every two - three years
- many municipalities do not adopt current
standard code
these standards should also be referenced
when specifying:
ASTM F-1637
- The Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces
mandates slip resistance under exterior
and interior environmental conditions
American National Standard ICC A-117.1
- Prescriptive Requirements to Achieve
Barrier-Free Environments
ADA COMPLIANCE
defines requirements for barrier free stairways
ADA in American National Standard A117.1
standard adopted by other codes
addresses:
- dimensional requirements for stair risers, stair
treads, and stair nosings
- slip resistance of walkways and ramps
- minimum recommendations for COF:
- walkways/stair treads - .60 or above
- ramps -.80 for ramps
OSHA ISSUES
the mission of OSHA is to protect workers from injury while
at work:
- requires all stair nosings to be slip resistant
- COF of .60 or above for walkways and .80 for ramps
- requires dimensional uniformity in stairway design
INSTALLATION PREPARATION
proper substrate prep is crucial
level the existing surface prior to installation
failure to provide a uniform surface for installation may
result in system failure
INSTALLATION METHODS
wood screws for new and existing wood stairs
wing anchors for new cast in place concrete stairs and
nosings
expansion anchors for existing concrete, masonry and
stone stairs (not shown)
cast-in bolt
mech. fastened cast-in extruded
anchor
wing nut
when a stair tread and nosing are installed in cast-in-place concrete
- installer should tamp the stair tread and nosing into place so they are solidly backed
by the cast-in-place concrete, which will avoid installation failure in the future
MAINTENANCE
sweep or vacuum once a week
scrub with stiff bristled brush and mild
detergent as needed (rinse thoroughly)
do not use solvent based cleaners
(breaks down epoxy)
use fine steel wool and commercial
cleaning agent for scuff marks
sodium chloride salt to remove
snow/ice (exterior)
MAINTENANCE
look for manufacturers who provide repair kits to:
- restore cracked tread/nosing
- repair dislodged abrasive strip
NOTE: repair products are to be used for small areas
and do not offer the same stability of the abrasive
materials installed at the manufacturer’s facility
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
L O C AT I O N
Ridgedale Center
Minnetonka, MN
SOLUTION
Ribbed Bar Abrasive
stair tread nosings for
longevity and superior
anti-slip properties
interior stairs in a shopping mall with high traffic
areas and requirement for design aesthetics
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
L O C AT I O N
9/11 World Trade Center
Museum
New York, NY
SOLUTION
Inset Stair Tread Nosings
in Terrazzo Stair
Application
interior and exterior application
- aesthetics was a primary
consideration so the inset product
was chosen
- carries the design aesthetics from the
outside in
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
L O C AT I O N
Apartments
Herndon, VA
SOLUTION
surface mount after-market
renovation ribbed abrasive
stair tread nosings
renovation of a multi-tenant
facility: improved stair
performance and aesthetics at
the lowest cost
REVIEW
upon completion of this course, the design professional
will be able to:
1. discuss the importance of using stair treads
2. identify types of manufactured stair treads and nosings that
are available, and where to use the different tread types
3. describe advantages of two part stair treads and nosings
4. discuss photo-luminescent stair treads and the building code
5. differentiate and distinguish the elements of stair treads and
nosings that make them safe and compliant with applicable
codes and standards
6. compare proper installation strategies on different types of
new and existing stair construction
7. explore successful cleaning and maintenance methods
required for ongoing safe and slip resistant stair treads and
walkways
STEP UP
TO
SAFETY
Course #: NYS05B
1 AIA HSW CE Hour
© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2015