2002 - New Zealand Botanical Society

NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
NUMBER 69
SEPTEMBER 2002
New Zealand Botanical Society
President:
Secretary/Treasurer:
Committee:
Anthony Wright
Doug Rogan
B r u c e C l a r k s o n , Colin W e b b , C a r o l W e s t
Address:
c/- C a n t e r b u r y M u s e u m
Rolleston A v e n u e
C H R I S T C H U R C H 8001
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Newsletter
has a p p e a r e d quarterly in M a r c h , J u n e , S e p t e m b e r a n d D e c e m b e r .
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t h
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Deadline for next issue
T h e d e a d l i n e for t h e D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 2 issue (70) is 2 5 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 2 .
P l e a s e post contributions to:
J o y Talbot
17 F o r d R o a d
Christchurch 8002
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be a c c e p t e d so text should s i m p l y b e e m b e d d e d in t h e email m e s s a g e .
Cover Illustration
Dracophyllum
fiordense W . R . B . O I i v .
T r e e s 1.5 - 5.0 m tall. S t e m s u n b r a n c h e d , o c c a s i o n a l l y only o n c e in plants g r o w i n g in d e e p
v e g e t a t e d v a l l e y s . T h e l e a v e s are v e r y large a n d long with n a r r o w e d l a m i n a b a s e s a n d t h e lamina
a p i c e s p r o m i n e n t l y c u r l e d . T h e i n f l o r e s c e n c e is a panicle situated b e l o w t h e l e a v e s . T h e sepals
a r e s h o r t e r t h a n t h e corolla t u b e w i t h s p a c e d cilia o n their m a r g i n s . B r a c t e o l e s are filiform, longer
t h a n t h e f l o w e r a n d with a f e w t e e t h at the a p e x . A n t h e r s are e x s e r t e d with t h e c a p s u l e short and
very broad.
D r a w n by Fanie Venter as part of his P h D thesis on the revision of t h e g e n u s Dracophyllum
s.l.
T h e e n d p r o d u c t o f t h e t h e s i s will b e a full c o l o u r b o o k o n t h e g e n u s a n d related g e n e r a .
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY
NEWSLETTER
NUMBER 69
SEPTEMBER 2002
CONTENTS
News
New Zealand Botanical Society News
F r o m t h e Editor
Regional B o t a n i c a l Society News
A u c k l a n d Botanical S o c i e t y
W a n g a n u i M u s e u m Botanical G r o u p
C a n t e r b u r y Botanical Society
B o t a n i c a l S o c i e t y of O t a g o
Other Botanical Society Contacts
Obituary
Andy Thomson
Notes and Reports
Reports
W A I 2 6 2 N a t i v e Flora a n d F a u n a C l a i m
T h e D u n e d i n Field Naturalists' C l u b - T h e First T e n Y e a r s
Research Report
N e w o r c h i d g e n e r a for N e w Z e a l a n d a n d a c o r r e c t i o n
2
2
3
5
5
6
6
7
8
10
Herbarium Report
Forest Research Herbarium (NZFRI)
Biography/Bibliography
B i o g r a p h i c a l N o t e s (45): C h a r l e s Traill ( 1 8 2 6 - 1 8 9 1 ) ;
W a l t e r Traill ( 1 8 5 0 - 1 9 2 4 ) ; a n d A r t h u r W i l l i a m Traill ( 1 8 5 2 - 1 9 3 6 )
T h e p u b l i c a t i o n d a t e o f T h o m a s Kirk's T h e S t u d e n t s ' F l o r a
o f N e w Z e a l a n d a n d t h e O u t l y i n g Islands.'
11
15
20
Letters to the Editor
22
Publications
Journals Received
N e w Z e a l a n d Native Orchid G r o u p J o u r n a l N o . 8 4
23
Corrigendum
23
Miscellaneous
24
NEWS
New Zealand Botanical Society News
•
F r o m the Editor
My Address for sending contributions,
newsletters and other mailed items has changed
(for
the last time hopefully).
It is n o w 17 Ford R o a d , C h r i s t c h u r c h 2 . M y e m a i l r e m a i n s t h e s a m e .
P l e a s e note that c o n t r i b u t i o n s s e n t to a n y o t h e r a d d r e s s t h a n this will b e r e t u r n e d to s e n d e r f r o m n o w
on!
T h e t y p i n g a n d g r a m m a t i c a l e r r o r s t h a t c r e p t into the last n e w s l e t t e r s h o u l d not h a p p e n again as I
h a v e s t o p p e d a b r i d g i n g regional n e w s l e t t e r s , a j o b w h i c h I left last t i m e until after t h e rest of the
n e w s l e t t e r w a s sent to b e c h e c k e d f o r e r r o r s . If I d o not receive t h e o n e p a g e a g r e e d o n at the A G M
in N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 1 (I will a c c e p t p r o p o r t i o n a l l y m o r e if t h e reports c o v e r m o r e t h a n 3 m o n t h s ) then I will
e x t r a c t a n d include o n l y t h e f o r t h c o m i n g p r o g r a m m e f r o m y o u r S o c i e t y ' s n e w s l e t t e r .
J o y Talbot
Regional Botanical Society News
•
A u c k l a n d Botanical S o c i e t y
June Meeting
P e t e r d e L a n g e s p o k e o n t h e g e o l o g y , f a u n a a n d flora of Norfolk I s l a n d . Peter h a s visited the island
a n d w o r k e d closely w i t h staff of t h e A u s t r a l i a n National P a r k s and W i l d l i f e S e r v i c e , e x a m i n i n g a s p e c t s
of t h e e n d e m i c flora a n d their c o n s e r v a t i o n . T h e visit c u l m i n a t e d in t h e r e c o g n i t i o n a n d description of
a n e w e n d e m i c s p e c i e s , Achyranthes
margaretarum.
J u n e Trip
It is a l w a y s a s u r p r i s e t o find t h a t t h e r e are significant a r e a s of b u s h in s u b u r b a n A u c k l a n d , and Le
R o y s B u s h at Little S h o a l B a y o n t h e North S h o r e is an e x a m p l e o f t h i s p h e n o m e n o n . R e c l a m a t i o n
h a s m o d i f i e d t h e s h o r e l i n e , but a g o o d f r e s h w a t e r w e t l a n d r e m a i n s intact, a n d t h e hills leading up to
t h e H i g h b u r y s h o p s a r e c o v e r e d w i t h m i x e d p o d o c a r p / b r o a d l e a f f o r e s t . W e e d s a r e a significant
p r o b l e m , especially in t h e s w a m p a n d a r o u n d t h e b u s h e d g e s , a n d s o m e i n a p p r o p r i a t e planting has
b e e n d o n e , b u t the local b r a n c h o f F o r e s t a n d Bird is g o i n g to t a k e t h e r e s e r v e u n d e r their w i n g . T h e
f e r n s Hypolepis distans a n d Loxsoma cunninghamii
are present.
July Meeting
F a n i e V e n t e r , a S o u t h A f r i c a n b o r n b o t a n i s t b a s e d in N e l s o n is w o r k i n g o n t h e t a x o n o m y of t h e g e n u s
Dracophyllum
for his P h D . H e h a s f o u n d that t h e g e n u s consists o f t w o s u b g e n e r a Dracophyllum
a n d Oreothamnus,
w i t h Oreothamnus
restricted to N e w Z e a l a n d , e x c e p t f o r o n e s p e c i e s in T a s m a n i a .
F a n i e ' s slides illustrated t h e c h a r a c t e r s that h e h a s u s e d to define s p e c i e s , a n d a l s o t h e c h a n g e s he
h a s m a d e to t h e t a x o n o m y .
July Trip
S h a r p R e s e r v e a n d S p r a g g R e s e r v e in t h e W a i t a k e r e R a n g e s , a l t h o u g h o n l y 2 k m apart, differ in a g e ,
light levels a n d m o i s t u r e , a n d t h e r e f o r e s h o w t o a d v a n t a g e the c o n d i t i o n s u n d e r w h i c h different m o s s
s p e c i e s prefer to g r o w . O u r leader, J e s s i c a B e e v e r , ably h a n d l e d t h e difficult t a s k o f i n f o r m i n g a large
g r o u p of m e m b e r s of t h e intricacies o f s u c h s m a l l plants. T h e field trip w a s f o l l o w e d b y lunch and a
w o r k s h o p at t h e n e a r b y B e e v e r b a c h .
A u g u s t Meeting
P a u l C h a m p i o n , e c o l o g i s t w i t h N I W A , s p o k e o n t h e results of an a q u a t i c s u r v e y o f N o r t h l a n d lakes
c a r r i e d out in 2 0 0 1 , a n d c o m p a r e d t h e s e results with t h o s e of earlier s u r v e y s . A l t h o u g h aquatic
w e e d s , c o a r s e fish a n d l a c k of riparian protection h a v e contributed to a n overall d e c l i n e in conditions,
t h e r e are still 19 lakes w i t h totally i n d i g e n o u s s u b m e r g e d v e g e t a t i o n . P a u l ' s P o w e r p o i n t presentation
s h o w e d e x a m p l e s o f s o m e of t h e rarer plants, s o m e of t h e aliens o f t h e plant a n d a n i m a l w o r l d s , and
v i e w s of lakes in both h e a l t h y a n d d e g e n e r a t e c o n d i t i o n s .
2
A u g u s t Trip
L o w tide a l l o w e d p a r t i c i p a n t s to first look at s o m e m a r i n e a l g a e , a n d t h e n t o c r o s s to T a i t o m o Island
w i t h a l m o s t dry f e e t , b e f o r e returning to t h e m a i n l a n d o f S o u t h P i h a . L o w h e r b f i e l d s in t h e s p r a y z o n e ,
rocky s t r e a m b e d s , a n d coastal f o r e s t w e r e c o v e r e d . S o m e plants o f interest w e r e Celmisia
major,
Blechnum blechnoides,
Zoysia pauciflora,
a n d Pouteria costata ( t a w a p o u ) .
FORTHCOMING ACTIVITIES
4 September
C a t i a D e l m i g l i o & D a v e C l a r k e - L u c y C r a n w e l l s t u d e n t talks
28 September
" S e a f o r t h " , Hatfields B e a c h
2 October
Tristan A r m s t r o n g - M a c r o - m o l e c u l a r t e c h n i q u e s to assist in e l u c i d a t i n g
plant origins a n d t a x o n o m y
19 O c t o b e r
North W o o d h i l l F o r e s t
5 November
Phil G a r n o c k - J o n e s - L u c y C r a n w e l l L e c t u r e
16 N o v e m b e r
M e r c e r Bay & C o m a n s T r a c k
Maureen Y o u n g , 3 6 A l n w i c k Street, W a r k w o r t h . Email: y o u n g m a u r e e n @ x t r a . c o . n z
•
W a n g a n u i M u s e u m Botanical G r o u p
E v e n i n g M e e t i n g s : first T u e s d a y of e a c h m o n t h in W a n g a n u i M u s e u m ' s Davis L e c t u r e Theatre;
c o m m e n c i n g 8 p m s u m m e r (i.e. daylight s a v i n g ) time; 7.30 p m w i n t e r t i m e .
COMING MEETINGS
5 Nov
R a n d a l S p r i n g e r - historical b o t a n y : E B D i c k s o n
3 Dec
Social evening
4 Feb
H o w a r d s & Higgies - N e w C a l e d o n i a (Araucaria c o n f e r e n c e field trip)
4 March
D r P e t e r L o c k h a r t - to b e a n n o u n c e d
1 April
D r Jill R a p s o n - g r o w t h o f b o g s
6 May
J i m C a m p b e l l - t h r e a t e n e d c o a s t a l plants of W a n g a n u i & S o u t h T a r a n a k i
COMING TRIPS
Sun 3 Nov
E d m o n d s ' B u s h , Kai-iwi
S a t 30 N o v
d r y forest, H a l c o m b e , R a n g i t i k e i
S a t 1 Feb
Karioi w e t l a n d s , n e a r O h a k u n e
T h u r s 13 F e b
picnic, Virginia L a k e
Sat 1 March
d u n e s w e s t o f Castlecliff to e x t e n d s e a r c h for Pimelea " T u r a k i n a "
S a t 5 April
L a k e Pauri w e t l a n d e d g e s
Sat 3 May
P o e r e w a S t r e a m B u s h by S H 1 near M a r t o n
T r i b u t e : A r t h u r B a t e s 2 7 . 5 . 2 6 - 3.5.02
A r t h u r w a s a f o u n d a t i o n m e m b e r of o u r B o t a n i c a l G r o u p . He w a s a l w a y s an o u t d o o r s p e r s o n ,
s p e n d i n g m u c h of his free time t r a m p i n g t h e hills with his c a m e r a . H e a l s o j o i n e d t h e W e l l i n g t o n
Botanical S o c i e t y a n d , w i t h a small b a n d of W a n g a n u i m e m b e r s , s p e n t m a n y A n n i v e r s a r y W e e k e n d s
botanising a n d p h o t o g r a p h i n g w i t h t h e m in t h e N o r t h - w e s t N e l s o n a r e a . A r t h u r h a d a f a s c i n a t i o n with
a n d love of t h e W h a n g a n u i River.
H e f o u n d e d the F r i e n d s of t h e W h a n g a n u i R i v e r w h i c h rapidly g r e w into a large g r o u p w i t h m e m b e r s
t h r o u g h o u t N e w Z e a l a n d . Five o f t h e b o o k s h e p u b l i s h e d , including " T h e B r i d g e to N o w h e r e " , are of
the river. A sixth b o o k " T h e W a n g a n u i S t o r y " , c o - a u t h o r e d with t h e late M a x S m a r t , is a b o u t 'the
w o n d e r f u l w o r l d o f W a n g a n u i history'.
Arthur will be r e m e m b e r e d for his kindly e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d e n t h u s i a s m for g o o d c a u s e s by the
many groups with w h i c h he w a s associated.
Joan Liddell
B l o o m i n g A r t z F e s t i v a l : 14-16 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 1
O u r G r o u p set u p a display s t a n d at W a n g a n u i ' s t w o - y e a r l y floral f e s t i v a l , w i t h t h e t h e m e o f native
plants in t h e g a r d e n . A l o n g s i d e d i s p l a y of n a t i v e s w a s a table w i t h 10 s p e c i m e n s o f n a t i v e t r e e s as a
n a m i n g c o m p e t i t i o n f o r t h e public; it a t t r a c t e d 163 entries.
O n e result w a s invitations for us to visit
t w o a r e a s of privately o w n e d native b u s h not p r e v i o u s l y k n o w n to us a n d w e m a y h a v e a t t r a c t e d s o m e
n e w m e m b e r s . M a n y m o r e local p e o p l e n o w k n o w o u r G r o u p e x i s t s .
Joan Liddell
3
TRIP R E P O R T S (abbreviated)
2 M a r c h 2 0 0 2 : O n t h e w a y to Raetihi ( P r e s t o n ' s w e t l a n d )
A l o n g S H 4 ('The P a r a p a r a ' ) , w e c h e c k e d out six o f t h e district's wild c o t o n e a s t e r s . J u s t s o u t h of
R a u k a w a Falls w a s Cotoneaster
lacteus, d o m i n a n t o v e r a h i g h , s t e e p m u d s t o n e s l o p e a b o v e the
road.
Far m o r e w i d e s p r e a d w a s t h e superficially similar C. glaucophyllus
a n d , n o r t h o f Raetihi,
s p r a w l i n g C. microphyllus
a m o n g e r e c t b u s h e s o f C. simonsii ( g r e e n ) a n d C. franchetii (furry white
u n d e r l e a v e s ) . L e a s t c o m m o n in N Z , b u t in the R a e t i h i c a m p - g r o u n d , w a s a s p r a w l i n g C.
conspicuus,
rooting a l o n g its b r a n c h e s .
Colin Ogle
6 April 2 0 0 2 : M a n g a w e k a S c e n i c R e s e r v e
E l e v e n o f us m e t at M a n g a w e k a o n a pretty m u r k y d a y ; luckily it s t a r t e d raining only t o w a r d s t h e e n d .
K a h i k a t e a a n d m i r o h a d s p e c t a c u l a r f r u i t i n g . W e w e r e a bit late for t h e Dactylanthus
f l o w e r i n g , but
e v e r y b o d y got a g o o d look at old f l o w e r s . W e a l s o s t u d i e d Tupeia antarctica o n a s l o p i n g l e m o n w o o d
trunk. It has b e e n p r o t e c t e d f r o m p o s s u m s s i n c e t h e early 1 9 9 0 s by m e t a l b a n d s a b o v e a n d below
the m i s t l e t o e . F o r s o m e y e a r s it w a s t h e only m i s t l e t o e plant k n o w n in t h e r e s e r v e , b u t m o r e w e r e
f o u n d several y e a r s a g o near the t o p b o u n d a r y , a l o n g with Ileostylus. W h e n last s e e n t h e y w e r e
g r o w i n g well w i t h o u t b a n d s on their h o s t t r e e s , w h i c h i n d i c a t e s high levels of p o s s u m control.
Graeme La Cock
1 June 2002: Virginia Lake
O u r g r o u p h a s v i s i t e d this popular city r e s e r v e m a n y t i m e s , but this t i m e w e w e n t to s e e s o m e of the
park's m o r e u n u s u a l t r e e s a n d s h r u b s , m a n y h a v i n g b e e n f o u n d h e r e (or r e - f o u n d ! ) o n l y in t h e past
s e v e r a l y e a r s . O u r latest inventory f o r the p a r k h a s at least 5 1 c o n i f e r s p e c i e s , 12 m o n o c o t tree
s p e c i e s (mostly p a l m s ) a n d 2 5 5 dicot t r e e a n d s h r u b s p e c i e s ( 6 5 A u s t r a l i a n , 5 4 N Z n a t i v e s ) . A m o n g
the rarer plants in W a n g a n u i (and e l s e w h e r e in N Z collections) a r e Acacia maidenii (with m a n y root
s u c k e r s ) , A. schinoides
(with s e e d l i n g s ) , Callitris gracilis, Eucalyptus
megacarpa,
E. deanei, E.
tricarpa,
Rhus
lancea,
Rhodosphaera
rhodanthema,
Alloxylon
pinnatum,
Carpinus
betulus
(hornbeam),
Metrosideros
bartlettii a n d Stenocarpus
salignus.
W e a l s o s a w t w o m a t u r e , planted
native t r e e s for w h i c h this district s e e m s to b e in a natural distribution g a p , n a m e l y k o h e k o h e
( D y s o x y l u m spectabile)
a n d s w a m p m a i r e (Syzygium maire).
Colin Ogle
30 J u n e 2 0 0 2 : G o r d o n P a r k S c e n i c R e s e r v e
M e m b e r s of F o r e s t a n d Bird and t h e B o t a n i c a l G r o u p h e l p e d D o C to pull J e r u s a l e m c h e r r y (Solanum
pseudocapsicum)
f r o m this i m p o r t a n t r e s e r v e o f floodplain k a h i k a t e a - m a t a i f o r e s t j u s t out of
W a n g a n u i . M o s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of t h e w e e d , w h i c h r e a c h e d 2 m tall in p l a c e s , g r e w o n t h e e d g e of
the f o r e s t , in d a m p d e p r e s s i o n s .
Esther
Williams
4 M a y : Mt Hiwi, i n l a n d f r o m W a v e r l e y
Mt Hiwi T r u s t o w n s 4 0 0 h a f r o m t h e u p p e r m o s t M o u m a h a k i L a k e to M t H i w i . Phil H a n c o c k a n d other
m e m b e r s of t h e T r u s t m e t our g r o u p a t W a v e r l e y a n d g u i d e d us t o O m a h i n a R o a d a n d their b u s h - c l a d
property.
W e s t o p p e d several t i m e s a l o n g t h e r o a d to v i e w t h e s u p e r b landslide lakes in the
M o u m a h a k i V a l l e y b e l o w . T h e u p p e r m o s t l a k e s are at least partly s u r r o u n d e d by f o r e s t a n d the
Trust's property is t h e m a i n c a t c h m e n t f o r the u p p e r m o s t lake in t h e s e q u e n c e . S e v e r a l of t h e lakes
a n d t h e Trust's p r o p e r t y c o m p r i s e d a R e c o m m e n d e d A r e a for P r o t e c t i o n f o l l o w i n g a P N A P survey.
T h e T r u s t m e m b e r s t o o k us along a n old b e n c h e d t r a c k just b e l o w t h e ridge-line o n its dry w e s t e r n
side; s e c o n d g r o w t h k a m a h i with s c a t t e r e d b l a c k b e e c h p r e d o m i n a t e d . S a d l y , o u r e n d u r i n g m e m o r y
of t h e f o r e s t w a s t h e d a m a g e by g o a t s a n d p o s s u m s . B e c a u s e t h e T r u s t ' s a r e a is part of a m u c h
larger tract of f o r e s t a n d scrub on s t e e p hills, l o n g - t e r m pest c o n t r o l will b e e x t r e m e l y difficult. T h e
m a i n c o n s e r v a t i o n v a l u e of the T r u s t ' s f o r e s t is p r o b a b l y as a buffer for t h e lake c a t c h m e n t , but pests
t h r e a t e n this role.
Colin Ogle
4 A u g u s t 2 0 0 2 : N a u m a i Park, H a w e r a
O n t h e w a y to H a w e r a , o n high d u n e s at the m o u t h of the P a t e a River, w e s a w t h e local Council's
a n s w e r to s a n d m o v e m e n t - ask local p e o p l e t o d u m p their g a r d e n r u b b i s h in t h e d u n e s . Clay is
s p r e a d o v e r t h e r u b b i s h , at intervals. In the p a s t 3 y e a r s o v e r 2 0 0 w e e d s p e c i e s h a v e b e e n f o u n d
g r o w i n g h e r e , s o m e e p h e m e r a l but o t h e r s persist b e y o n d t h e f r i n g e s o f t h e clay o v e r b u r d e n . O n the
e d g e o f H a w e r a , N a u m a i Park c o m p r i s e s s e v e r a l h e c t a r e s of 'native forest'. It w a s all p l a n t e d m o r e
than 50 y e a r s a g o , w i t h later u n a i d e d r e g e n e r a t i o n . T h e original idea w a s to c r e a t e a n e x a m p l e of
S o u t h T a r a n a k i l o w l a n d forest in t o w n , but t h e c o n c e p t w a s blurred w i t h s p e c i e s f r o m 'outside', like
kauri (a fine g r o v e o f 2 0 or s o ) , r e d b e e c h , p o h u t u k a w a , s o u t h e r n r a t a , taraire, k a w a k a , puriri,
4
h o u p a r a , t a n e k a h a a n d a g r o v e of silver b e e c h w i t h a n u n d e r s t o r e y of w h a u . O f t h e s p e c i e s that
' b e l o n g ' h e r e , a tree o f r a u k a w a (Raukaua edgerleyi) is a s large a s a n y I've s e e n . C o m m o n w o o d y
w e e d s of forest g a p s a n d e d g e s included Fatsia japonica, Euonymus japonicus,
Prunus serrulata a n d
Homalanthus
populifolius,
t h e l a s t - n a m e d p e r h a p s p l a n t e d in error f o r t h e native s p e c i e s . O u r trip
e n d e d w i t h a s t o p at H a w e r a ' s w e l l - k n o w n K i n g E d w a r d P a r k to s e e t w o large t r e e s of t h e S o u t h
A m e r i c a n Crinodendron
patagua.
A late f l o w e r let us s e e its similarities to o u r native
Elaeocarpus
( h i n a u a n d p o k a k a ) , b o t h g e n e r a b e i n g in F a m i l y E l a e o c a r p a c e a e .
Colin Ogle
C h a i r m a n : Ian Bell
Secretary: R o b y n O g l e
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(06) 3 4 3 7 6 8 6
(06) 3 4 7 8 5 4 7
115 Mt View R o a d , W a n g a n u i
22 Forres Street, W a n g a n u i
Canterbury Botanical S o c i e t y
July Meeting
Ingrid G r ü n e r , S c h o o l o f Forestry, University of C a n t e r b u r y , p r e s e n t e d us with a s e c o n d instalment
f r o m h e r studies o n t h r e a t e n e d s p e c i e s of Carmichaelia
or n a t i v e b r o o m . T h i s t i m e s h e c o m p a r e d the
e c o l o g y a n d distribution of nine rare or u n c o m m o n s p e c i e s with t h e w i d e s p r e a d C. australis.
The
floristic c o m p o s i t i o n o f s e v e r a l h u n d r e d plots t h r o u g h o u t t h e S o u t h Island w a s r e c o r d e d , a n d t h e plots
classified u s i n g t h e p r o g r a m " T w i n s p a n " a n d also m a n u a l l y by a p p l y i n g t h e B r a u n - B l a n q u e t s y s t e m .
A s t h e u n c o m m o n Carmichaelia
s p e c i e s s h o w e d distinct p r e f e r e n c e s for certain v e g e t a t i o n t y p e s a n d
c o m m u n i t i e s , t h e y c o u l d b e d i v i d e d into f o u r e c o l o g i c a l g r o u p s . C. astonii a n d C. hollowayi
were
c h a r a c t e r i s e d as s p e c i e s of l i m e s t o n e rock, C. crassicaule
a n d C. vexillata a s typical g r a s s l a n d
s p e c i e s , C. kirkii, C. muritai, a n d C. stevensonii a s s p e c i e s o f s c r u b a n d s h r u b l a n d , a n d C. curta a n d
C. juncea as typical c o l o n i s e r s of o p e n g r o u n d . T h e c o m m o n C. australis e m e r g e d as ubiquitous
s p e c i e s , g r o w i n g in m o s t o f the v e g e t a t i o n t y p e s .
Ingrid s u g g e s t e d t h a t c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h i n t r o d u c e d plants, m a i n l y h e r b a c e o u s w e e d s a n d g r a s s e s , and
b r o w s e by i n t r o d u c e d m a m m a l s , are t h e m a j o r f a c t o r s c a u s i n g t h e scarcity a n d d e c l i n e of the
u n c o m m o n s p e c i e s . In contrast, C. australis a p p e a r e d q u i t e tolerant o f c o m p e t i t i o n , e v e n f r o m s u c h
r a m p a n t w e e d s a s p a s s i o n vine. Like m a t a g o u r i , w h i c h it often a c c o m p a n i e s , it a l s o benefits f r o m the
i n c r e a s e d fertility level o f m a n y hill country p a s t u r e s .
July Field Trip
Colin B u r r o w s led a party of 12 a l o n g the b a n k s of t h e l o w e r H e a t h c o t e River in C h r i s t c h u r c h . Only a
f e w y e a r s a g o t h e river w a s d e a d as a result o f toxic w a s t e d i s c h a r g e a n d i n a d e q u a t e tidal circulation.
H o w e v e r , t o d a y it a g a i n s u p p o r t s plant life a l o n g e a c h b a n k a r o u n d t h e high w a t e r m a r k .
Leptocarpus
similes h a s r e - e s t a b l i s h e d strongly, providing a s u b s t r a t e f o r t h e a l g a Bostrychia s p .
O t h e r salt tolerant plants included Apium prostratum,
Selliera radicans, Mimulus repens,
Leptinella
s p . a n d s o m e s t r u g g l i n g plants o f Sarcocornia
quinqueflora.
A l o n g t h e fringe o f t h e true right b a n k ,
t h e City C o u n c i l h a s planted a n u m b e r o f the m o r e c o m m o n n a t i v e trees a n d s h r u b s s u c h as
coprosmas, olearias, pittosporums and others.
A c o u p l e of plants o f b o n e s e e d w e r e f o u n d a n d u p r o o t e d . Colin pointed o u t t h a t b o n e s e e d is
b e c o m i n g a pest in t h e Port Hills including t h e b e a c h s u b u r b s . It is a n o x i o u s plant o n t h e s a m e level
as g o r s e a n d b r o o m . A c o m p o s i t e , b e a r i n g m a s s e s of bright y e l l o w f l o w e r h e a d s , it p r o d u c e s fleshy
black fruit, e a c h o n e c o n t a i n i n g o n e hard s e e d . T h i s s e e d m a y b e c a r r i e d by b l a c k b i r d s . B o n e s e e d is
k n o w n to suppress t h e r e g r o w t h o f o t h e r s p e c i e s , including n a t i v e s , b e n e a t h its c a n o p y .
Neil O'Brien
Secretary: R o g e r K e e y
(03) 3 1 5 7 5 1 0 o r ( 0 3 ) 3 5 8 8 5 1 3
Email: [email protected]
•
P O Box 8212, Riccarton, Christchurch.
Botanical S o c i e t y of Otago
MEETINGS AND FIELD TRIPS
11 S e p t e m b e r
J o h n B a r k l a - T h r e a t e n e d Plants of O t a g o
28 September
G r a h a m ' s B u s h , a significant r e m n a n t o f c o a s t a l f o r e s t
19 O c t o b e r
H e y w a r d Point - 6 h o u r r o u n d trip
Chairman: Bastow Wilson
Email: [email protected]
5
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Other Botanic Society Contacts
Manawatu Botanical Society
Jill Rapson
E c o l o g y , Institute of N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s , M a s s e y University.
Nelson Botanical Society
President: Cathy J o n e s
Treasurer: Gay Mitchell
(03) 5 4 6 9 4 9 9
(03) 5 4 8 3 3 5 1
Flat 2, 5 North R d , N e l s o n . E m a i l : c j o n e s @ d o c . g o v t . n z
13 Albert R d , N e l s o n .
Rotorua Botanical Society
President: Willie S h a w
Secretary: John H o b b s
3020, Rotorua.
07 3 6 2 4 3 1 5
07 3 4 8 6 6 2 0
c/- T h e H e r b a r i u m , F o r e s t R e s e a r c h , Private
S e e also w w w . w i l d l a n d . c o . n z / b o t a n i c a l . h t m
Bag
Waikatipu Botanical Group
C h a i r m a n : Neill S i m p s o n
Secretary: Lyn Clendon
(03) 4 4 2 2 0 3 5
(03) 4 4 2 3 1 5 3
Waikato Botanical Society
President: Bruce Clarkson
[email protected]
Secretary: Karen Denyer
[email protected]
University of W a i k a t o , P r i v a t e B a g 3 1 0 5 , H a m i l t o n .
c/- D e p a r t m e n t of Biological S c i e n c e s ,
Wellington Botanical Society
P r e s i d e n t : V i c k y F r o u d e (04) 2 3 3 9 8 2 3 ( h o m e )
S e c r e t a r y : B a r b a r a C l a r k (04) 2 3 3 8 2 0 2 (h); (04) 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 (fax)
P O B o x 10 4 1 2 , W e l l i n g t o n 6 0 3 6 .
OBITUARY
•
Andrew David T h o m s o n
B o r n 6 N o v e m b e r 1 9 3 0 , died 2 0 J u l y 2 0 0 2
T h i s n u m b e r of o u r N e w s l e t t e r is s a d l y a n d significantly
different f r o m m o s t o f t h o s e o v e r t h e last s e v e r a l y e a r s .
T h e r e is no contribution f r o m t h e p e n of Dr A n d y T h o m s o n
of the C e n t r e for S t u d y of N e w Z e a l a n d S c i e n c e History in
C h r i s t c h u r c h . O n T h u r s d a y a f t e r n o o n , 18 July, h e suffered
a m a j o r stroke w h i l e tidying t h e v e r g e of the private road
a d j a c e n t to his h o m e - a s e l f - i m p o s e d task for 3 4 y e a r s .
T a k e n to C h r i s t c h u r c h Hospital h e died 4 8 h o u r s later
w i t h o u t regaining c o n s c i o u s n e s s . H e w a s in his 7 2 year.
n d
A n d y ' s d e a t h is a m a j o r loss to r e s e a r c h on t h e history of
N e w Z e a l a n d s c i e n c e , t h e field in w h i c h h e latterly
specialised a n d w a s a leader. But it is a m a r v e l that w e
did not lose h i m m a n y y e a r s a g o . O n E a s t e r M o n d a y ,
1 9 8 2 , he w a s also struck d o w n ; a n d t h o s e w h o visited him
d e s p a i r e d of his life. But the d e v o t i o n of n u r s e s , doctors
a n d his wife, D i a n e , as well as his i n n a t e fitness a n d guts
pulled h i m t h r o u g h , a n d he s u r v i v e d to w o r k for a n o t h e r 20
years.
A n d y ' s funeral r e u n i t e d a g r e a t m a n y o f his old friends a n d c o l l e a g u e s f r o m D S I R d a y s . T h e y c a m e
f r o m C r o p R e s e a r c h D i v i s i o n , w h i c h h e j o i n e d in 1954 a n d to w h i c h I recruited h i m as a s s i s t a n t plant
b r e e d e r to w o r k u n d e r M a l c o l m D r i v e r o n v a r i o u s d i s e a s e s o f p o t a t o e s ; f r o m t h e Plant D i s e a s e s
Division's s u b s t a t i o n at L i n c o l n to w h i c h h e t r a n s f e r r e d in 1956 to w o r k u n d e r D r H a r v e y S m i t h ; and
6
f r o m B o t a n y Division t o w h o m h e t r a n s f e r r e d in 1 9 7 2 (after difficulties in Plant D i s e a s e s D i v i s i o n ) , to
help w i t h preliminary editing o f t h e N Z J o u r n a l o f B o t a n y , t h e Triennial R e p o r t e t c , a n d w h e r e he
b e g a n w o r k on the C o c k a y n e b i b l i o g r a p h y .
A n d y w a s b o m in H a m i l t o n a n d a t t e n d e d P a p a t o e t o e P r i m a r y S c h o o l , O t a h u h u C o l l e g e , a n d A u c k l a n d
University C o l l e g e . O n c o m p l e t i n g his B S c ( 1 9 5 3 ) h e w a s a w a r d e d S e n i o r S c h o l a r s h i p s in both
botany and zoology, an outstanding achievement. T o Professor McGregor's disappointment Andy
c h o s e to a d v a n c e in b o t a n y a n d g r a d u a t e d M S c with 1 class H o n s in 1 9 5 5 . His t h e s i s ( w r i t t e n u p at
L i n c o l n ) w a s entitled " S t u d i e s on Ramularia
leaf s p o t o f Primula" a n d w a s s u p e r v i s e d b y D r F J
N e w h o o k , then of D S I R , Mt Albert. O t h e r prizes w e r e his N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h F e l l o w s h i p ( 1 9 5 7 ) w h i c h
t o o k h i m to C a m b r i d g e ( E m m a n u e l ) a n d a P h D u n d e r D r K e n n e t h S m i t h o n interactions b e t w e e n plant
v i r u s e s ; a n d his U S P u b l i c Health S e r v i c e P o s t d o c t o r a l R e s e a r c h Fellowship ( 1 9 6 5 ) w h i c h t o o k h i m to
t h e University of Illinois to study t h e w o u n d - t u m o u r plant virus.
s t
In his tribute at A n d y ' s funeral Dr S m i t h d e s c r i b e d h i m as a t h o r o u g h l y d e d i c a t e d , c o n s c i e n t i o u s , a n d
m e t i c u l o u s scientist. O n e could a d d that h e w a s versatile a n d i n n o v a t i v e , a n d illustrate t h i s f r o m the
o p p o s i t e poles of his career. In t h e 1 9 6 0 ' s he w a s i n s t r u m e n t a l in c r e a t i n g a m o d e r n p l a n t virus
r e s e a r c h facility at D S I R , Lincoln, c o m p l e t e with a Hitachi e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p e a n a B e c k m a n
analytical u l t r a c e n t r a f u g e . T o p u r c h a s e t h e s e h e o b t a i n e d t w o o f the first l a r g e g r a n t s f r o m the
relatively n e w N e w Z e a l a n d Lottery B o a r d . In Dr S m i t h ' s v i e w t h i s w a s A n d y ' s g r e a t e s t c o n t r i b u t i o n to
C a n t e r b u r y s c i e n c e . T h e n , at the o t h e r e x t r e m e , o n 4 M a y 1 9 9 0 (the day after h e retired) h e f o u n d e d
t h e i n d e p e n d e n t R e s e a r c h C e n t r e m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , with D i a n e a s A d m i n Officer. T h i s h e r a n f r o m
t h e little o n e - r o o m ' s t u d i o ' that h e a n d D i a n e h a d built in t h e i r g a r d e n in 1 9 8 7 w i t h s o m e s u c h
r e t i r e m e n t project in m i n d . F r o m h e r e he a n s w e r e d q u e r i e s o n all a s p e c t s of o u r s c i e n c e h i s t o r y , not
only b o t a n y , a n d c o n t i n u e d to collect historical m a t e r i a l .
t h
A l t h o u g h A n d y ' s p r o j e c t e d b i o g r a p h y of L e o n a r d C o c k a y n e a n d his a c c o u n t o f w o m e n in N e w
Z e a l a n d s c i e n c e h a v e not materialised h e p u b l i s h e d m a n y v a l u a b l e articles relating to t h e s e topics
a n d c o l l e c t e d m u c h v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n . A n d this brings u p t h e w h o l e q u e s t i o n of o u r b o t a n i c a l
archives. Could the N e w Zealand Botanical Society organise an A n d y T h o m s o n W o r k s h o p devoted
to f i n d i n g out w h o h a s w h a t , a n d p u b l i s h t h e results a s w a s d o n e for o u r b r y o p h y t e c o l l e c t i o n s in the
N Z J B o t a n y in 1 9 7 1 . It w o u l d k e e p f r e s h t h e vision s h o w n by a s t a u n c h friend a n d a g e n e r o u s helper.
Eric G o d l e y
NOTES AND REPORTS
Reports
•
WAI 262
Native Flora and F a u n a C l a i m
T o m e m b e r s of the N Z Botanical S o c i e t y .
T h e f o l l o w i n g has b e e n received r e c e n t l y f r o m the W a i t a n g i T r i b u n a l .
"Tena koe,
T h a n k y o u for y o u r letter of 23 J u n e 2 0 0 2 c o n c e r n i n g the W a i 2 6 2 c l a i m , t h e N a t i v e Flora a n d F a u n a
Claim.
T h e c l a i m a n t h e a r i n g s for the W a i 2 6 2 c l a i m h a v e b e e n h e l d . T h e Tribunal is c u r r e n t l y p r e p a r i n g a
s t a t e m e n t of issues for t h e W a i 2 6 2 c l a i m a n d h o p e s to c o m p l e t e this by t h e e n d o f t h e y e a r .
H e a r i n g s should r e s u m e early next y e a r with third parties, t h o s e w i t h an interest o v e r a n d a b o v e t h e
g e n e r a l public, C r o w n a n d then final s u b m i s s i o n s . T h e T r i b u n a l will t h e n w r i t e its report.
For f u r t h e r information or d o c u m e n t s y o u c a n c o n t a c t m e o n 0 4 - 9 1 4 - 3 0 0 0 . For i n f o r m a t i o n o n issues
y o u c a n c o n t a c t t h e T r i b u n a l r e s e a r c h e r , M s R o s e D a a m e n , at t h e s a m e n u m b e r .
Naku na,
T u r e i T h o m p s o n E-mail T u r e i . T h o m p s o n @ c o u r t s . g o v t . n z
for R e g i s t r a r
W A I T A N G I T R I B U N A L , P O Box 5022, Wellington."
It is clear that the c l a i m W A I 2 6 2 is of e x t r e m e i m p o r t a n c e t o all N Z botanists. T h o s e b o t a n i s t s w h o
h a v e a l r e a d y m a d e a written s u b m i s s i o n to t h e T r i b u n a l c a n e x p e c t to b e invited to a m e e t i n g o f the
7
T r i b u n a l in 2 0 0 3 a n d t o m a k e a n oral s t a t e m e n t . I k n o w o f five p e r s o n s in C h r i s t c h u r c h w h o s h o u l d be
invited in t h e c a t e g o r y of third p a r t i e s .
M u c h o f t h e e v i d e n c e f r o m iwi h a s b e e n p r e s e n t e d in committee
a n d is t h u s n o t available to third
parties a n d to o t h e r iwi. E v e n the e v i d e n c e f r o m Del W i h o n g i , o n e o f t h e initiator o f t h e c l a i m , w a s
g i v e n in committee.
T h e material t h a t is generally a v a i l a b l e is that in t h e original c l a i m . C o p i e s of this
c a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e W a i t a n g i T r i b u n a l . Surely t h e a i m of this c l a i m s h o u l d b e to establish a
p a r t n e r s h i p a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n all t h o s e w i t h an interest in a n d a l o v e o f t h e n a t i v e f l o r a a n d f a u n a .
R o n a l d C . C l o s e , 3 8 H i n a u St, C h r i s t c h u r c h 8 0 0 1 . E-mail c l o s e r @ p l a n t w i s e . c o . n z
•
T h e Dunedin Field Naturalists' C l u b - T h e First T e n Y e a r s
M r J . S. W e b b , w h o w a s t h e first P r e s i d e n t o f the Field C l u b , p r e s e n t e d a p a p e r t o t h e O t a g o Institute
o n 11 J a n u a r y 1 8 7 0 " O n t h e N a t u r a l History Collections in O t a g o M u s e u m " a n d s u g g e s t e d that the
title o f his p a p e r s h o u l d p e r h a p s b e " W o r k for the Institute in t h e Field o f N a t u r a l History." talking
almost exclusively about the botanical collections.
O n 18 April 1 8 7 1 P e t e r T h o m s o n r e a d a p a p e r to t h e Institute " A R o c k Pool a n d its C o n t e n t s " He
b e g a n w i t h t h e s u g g e s t i o n that ' w a n t s ' in t h e local m u s e u m c o u l d b e s e r v e d by t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a
Field Naturalists S o c i e t y . H e d e s c r i b e d societies in his h o m e c o u n t r y a n d n a m e d localities in D u n e d i n
w h e r e t h e r e w a s " p l e n t y of s c o p e for v a r i e t y of study."
P e t e r T h o m s o n f o l l o w e d this up w i t h a n o t h e r paper " W o r k for Field N a t u r a l i s t s " o n 16 S e p 1 8 7 1 . He
s p o k e o f g e o l o g i c a l s i t e s , a n d r e p e a t e d that collections at t h e m u s e u m c o u l d b e a u g m e n t e d by the
efforts o f m e m b e r s o f t h e Institute. C o l l e c t i o n s of f l o w e r i n g plants w e r e deficient, m o s s e s a n d lichens
w e r e "totally u n r e p r e s e n t e d " a n d " n e i t h e r t h e Crustacea nor t h e Mollusca
h a v e a p l a c e t h e r e . " Mr
T h o m s o n s u g g e s t e d t h a t "all m e m b e r s o f t h e Institute o u g h t to b e Field N a t u r a l i s t s " a n d formally
m o v e d t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a s o c i e t y , t h e first m e e t i n g to b e held at t h e north e n d of G e o r g e Street on
t h e f o l l o w i n g S a t u r d a y a f t e r n o o n to e x p l o r e Leith V a l l e y .
P e t e r T h o m s o n c a m e f r o m St A n d r e w s in S c o t l a n d , w h e r e h e h a d a printing b u s i n e s s , a n d arrived in
D u n e d i n in M a r c h 1 8 6 2 . T h e family lived at Kelvin G r o v e , a f a r m at t h e L o w e r K a i k , w h i c h t h e y leased
f r o m a M a o r i Chief, b u t m o v e d to D u n e d i n after the d e a t h o f M r s T h o m s o n f r o m c o n s u m p t i o n , a f e w
m o n t h s later. H e s t a r t e d w o r k at t h e O t a g o Daily T i m e s ( O D T ) a n d O t a g o W i t n e s s ( O W ) a s a reader
(proof-reader).
U n d e r t h e n o m d e p l u m e "Pakeha" h e w r o t e of his r a m b l e s t h r o u g h o u t O t a g o a n d S o u t h l a n d . His
d e s c r i p t i o n s o f f l o r a a n d f a u n a a r e a v a l u a b l e record o f t h e natural h i s t o r y o f t h e p l a c e s h e visited. eg
at N i c o l ' s C r e e k a f l o c k o f M o h u a c a m e to " s e e w h a t h e w a s a b o u t , " a n d s c o l d e d h i m for b e i n g there.
A pair o f s a d d l e b a c k s w e r e at w o r k s e e k i n g g r u b s in c r a c k s a n d o p e n i n g s in t h e b a r k o f a t r e e .
T h e first f o r m a l m e e t i n g o f the Field C l u b held on 8 O c t o b e r 1 8 7 2 , w a s c h a i r e d b y D r Black. M r J . S.
W e b b w a s e l e c t e d p r e s i d e n t , P e t e r T h o m s o n s e c r e t a r y , a n d c o m m i t t e e m e m b e r s D r Black, G. M.
T h o m s o n , A. C. Purdie and Alex Bathgate.
A c o p y of t h e r e p o r t for 1 8 7 2 - 7 3 lists 52 m e m b e r s b y n a m e a n d i n c l u d e s t h e C l u b R u l e s . T h e
o b j e c t i v e o f t h e C l u b - " T h e s t u d y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e g e n e r a l l y , a n d particularly in t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g
d i s t r i c t " h a s b e e n r e t a i n e d a s a d o p t e d 130 y e a r s a g o , but R u l e 4 " L a d i e s are eligible for
m e m b e r s h i p . " is n o l o n g e r n e c e s s a r y - m o r e than t w o thirds of o u r m e m b e r s a r e w o m e n . T h e Office
B e a r e r s for 1 8 7 3 - 7 4 w e r e P r e s i d e n t , M r A r t h u r Beverley, S e c r e t a r y a n d T r e a s u r e r M r P e t e r T h o m s o n
a n d M r E. J e n n i n g s a n d M r J . C. H o d g e s w e r e on t h e c o m m i t t e e .
T h i r t e e n e x c u r s i o n s w e r e m a d e in t h e 1 8 7 2 - 7 3 s e a s o n O n 1 F e b r u a r y 1 8 7 3 t h e c l u b travelled o n the
recently c o m p l e t e d r a i l w a y line to S a w y e r s B a y , a n d t h e party (a l a r g e o n e ) e x p l o r e d the b u s h at the
h e a d o f t h e b a y , a n d r e t u r n e d h o m e b y t h e M a i n North R o a d . C a p t a i n H u t t o n o f t h e University, a n d Mr
D. Petrie, E d u c a t i o n Office are in t h e list o f 81 m e m b e r s in t h e 1 8 7 4 - 7 5 report. T h e s e c r e t a r y offered
"four prizes o f 5s e a c h for t h e b e s t c o l l e c t i o n s of insects, m o s s e s , f e r n s or f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s . "
8
O u t i n g s are fully d e s c r i b e d in a n a p p e n d i x . O n a N o v e m b e r visit to N i c o l ' s C r e e k " t h e m o s t beautiful
of all t h e gullies t h a t b r a n c h off t h e Leith G o r g e . . . . a g o o d m a n y f i n e m o s s e s , f e r n s , o r c h i d s a n d other
f l o w e r i n g plants w e r e g a t h e r e d . " O n a n o t h e r outing t h e following M a y t h e y m a d e their w a y to t h e 'high
b u s h ' a b o v e W a k a r i R o a d , w h e r e Hymenophyllum
unilaterale,
H. malingii " a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r s o f great
b e a u t y " w e r e f o u n d - "altogether t h e c l u b m a d e a pretty fair h a r v e s t . "
O n G o o d Friday 1 8 7 4 Dr B e r g g r e n o f S w e d e n a c c o m p a n i e d t h e g r o u p . He h a d c o m e to t h e c o l o n y to
s t u d y c r y p t o g r a m i c b o t a n y , obtaining " a l a r g e n u m b e r of fine a n d r a r e m o s s e s , s o m e c o l l e c t e d for the
first t i m e . "
O n an e x c u r s i o n to t h e h e a d of P e l i c h e t B a y the party " p l u n g e d into t h e d e n s e s c r u b " a n d " a lady
f o u n d s o m e difficulty at times getting t h r o u g h the t a n g l e d s t e m s o f Rubus, but c o u r a g e o u s l y kept at it"
In J a n u a r y 1875 t h e m e m b e r s t o o k t h e train to Port C h a l m e r s a n d w a l k e d t h r o u g h t h e b u s h to the
t u n n e l being put t h r o u g h t h e hill a b o v e D e b o r a h B a y . T h e y w e r e " f u r n i s h e d w i t h c a n d l e s , a n d kindly
a c c o m p a n i e d to t h e f a c e w h e r e t h e m i n e r s w e r e w o r k i n g . "
A p a r t f r o m the a n n u a l m e e t i n g s t h e first i n d o o r m e e t i n g w a s h e l d in J u l y 1875 at t h e University w h e r e
P. T h o m s o n r e a d a p a p e r on the O c t o p u s " o r Devil F i s h , " a n d G . M . T h o m s o n r e a d a p a p e r a b o u t the
b o t a n y a n d m a r i n e z o o l o g y of S t e w a r t I s l a n d . A d i s c u s s i o n w a s h e l d o n t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of a "Flora o f
t h e D u n e d i n District, to include all t h e p l a n t s g a t h e r e d by the C l u b in their v a r i o u s e x c u r s i o n s . "
A t t h e a n n u a l m e e t i n g s in S e p t e m b e r 1 8 7 5 a n d a g a i n in 1 8 7 6 t h e t r e a s u r e r n o t e d that several
m e m b e r s w e r e in a r r e a r s . At t h e 1 8 7 6 m e e t i n g Peter T h o m s o n r e a d a p a p e r o n " T h e Stone
I m p l e m e n t s of t h e M a o r i " and " p r e s e n t e d 100 M a o r i i m p l e m e n t s " It w a s p r o p o s e d that m e e t i n g s
s h o u l d be held m o n t h l y "for c o m p a r i s o n s of s p e c i m e n s , " a n d e v e n i n g m e e t i n g s w e r e held the
following October, March and May.
In O c t o b e r 1 8 7 7 t h e secretary r e p o r t e d t h a t very f e w m e m b e r s h a d a t t e n d e d a field trip to N i c o l ' s
C r e e k , "as for m o s t field trips in 1 8 7 6 " T h e last entry in t h e m i n u t e b o o k w r i t t e n b y P e t e r T h o m s o n
w a s for 13 April 1 8 7 8 a n d e x c u r s i o n s w e r e n o longer fully r e p o r t e d . M r T h o m s o n , at a g e 5 6 , d i e d f r o m
c o n s u m p t i o n in J u l y 1 8 7 9 . His o b i t u a r y d e s c r i b e s h i m as " t h e i n d e f a t i g a b l e p r o m o t e r a n d untiring
l e a d e r of the N a t u r a l i s t s ' Field C l u b . . . His botanical k n o w l e d g e g a v e to the r a m b l e s of t h e Club a
special v a l u e , a n d if a t r a m p of e i g h t o r t e n miles w a s n e c e s s a r y in o r d e r to p r o c u r e an u n c o m m o n
f e r n or other plant, M r T h o m s o n w a s a l w a y s to b e f o u n d at t h e h e a d of his little p a r t y of naturalists
r e a d y for the s e a r c h . "
E x c u r s i o n s t o o k p l a c e t h r o u g h O c t o b e r to D e c e m b e r in 1 8 7 9 , b u t d u e to lack o f s u p p o r t , out-door
m e e t i n g s l a p s e d , a n d in M a y 1880 a m e e t i n g w a s held at t h e M u s e u m Library w h e n t h e president G.
M. T h o m s o n p r o p o s e d that a c a t a l o g u e b e a p p e n d e d to t h e a n n u a l r e p o r t s . T h e 1 8 7 8 - 7 9 a n d 1879-80
reports w e r e p u b l i s h e d in 1880 t o g e t h e r w i t h C a t a l o g u e s o f I n d i g e n o u s a n d I n t r o d u c e d F l o w e r i n g
Plants. T h e t w o c a t a l o g u e s list 4 9 6 p l a n t s . Revisions w e r e p u b l i s h e d in 1 8 9 6 , 1 9 1 6 , a n d 1 9 3 2 with
f e r n s , s e a w e e d , m o s s e s a n d f u n g i b e i n g a d d e d d u r i n g that t i m e . S e v e r a l p e o p l e c o n t r i b u t e d , but it
w a s G e o r g e M a l c o l m T h o m s o n w h o s e e n t h u s i a s m led to t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of t h e r e v i s i o n s a s well as
t h e 1 8 8 0 C a t a l o g u e . A b o u t this t i m e G . M. T h o m s o n sent r e p o r t s o f t h e D u n e d i n N a t u r a l i s t s ' Field
C l u b a n d the O t a g o Institute to t h e Southern
Science Record
in M e l b o u r n e . T h i s j o u r n a l w a s
s p o n s o r e d by t h e M e l b o u r n e e q u i v a l e n t o f t h e D u n e d i n Field C l u b .
At t h e a n n u a l m e e t i n g in J u n e 1 8 8 0 t h e s e c r e t a r y r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e s u b s c r i p t i o n h a d b e e n raised to
5s, only t h o s e w h o h a d paid s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d m e m b e r s , a n d s o m e m b e r s h i p w a s r e d u c e d to 4 3 .
Officers elected w e r e President D. Petrie M A , S e c r e t a r y G . M . T h o m s o n , F.L.S a n d T r e a s u r e r A.
Moritzson.
Field trips in S e p t e m b e r a n d O c t o b e r 1 8 8 0 w e r e r e p o r t e d to b e w e l l a t t e n d e d , "particularly by lady
m e m b e r s . " T h e c o m m i t t e e offered a p r i z e for the best collection o f f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s , c o m p r i s i n g m o r e
t h a n 100 s p e c i e s . A h e r b a r i u m c a s e w a s p u r c h a s e d in F e b r u a r y , a n d c o l l e c t i o n s o f plants w e r e
p r e s e n t e d by m e m b e r s . O n c e a g a i n it w a s p r o p o s e d to hold i n d o o r m e e t i n g s a n d t h e s e w e r e reported
for April a n d M a y , a n d t h e a n n u a l m e e t i n g w a s in J u n e . T h e n e x t e n t r y in t h e m i n u t e b o o k is for the
A G M o n 2 5 J u l y 1 8 8 2 , held at t h e C o f f e e P a l a c e , w h e n e i g h t m e m b e r s w e r e p r e s e n t . T h e annual
report written by G . M. T h o m s o n s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e h a d b e e n a " c o n s i d e r a b l e falling off in interest" a n d
it w a s regretted t h a t t h e r e w a s s o little r e s p o n s e to t h e offer o f p r i z e s for c o l l e c t i o n s . T h r e e or four
9
plants n e w to t h e district h a d b e e n d i s c o v e r e d including a "Pterostylis
n e w to t h e c o l o n y . " Publication
of c a t a l o g u e s o f Coleoptera
a n d Crustacea,
a n d Lepidoptera
w a s d i s c u s s e d , b u t t h e s e w e r e not
p r o d u c e d . T h i s is t h e last entry in t h e m i n u t e b o o k for 1 8 7 2 - 1 8 8 2 .
G . M. T h o m s o n t a u g h t s c i e n c e at t h e B o y s ' a n d G i r l ' s H i g h S c h o o l s , s u p e r v i s e d High S c h o o l
b o a r d e r s at T h e R e c t o r y , a n d a m o n g o t h e r s c h o o l activities, w a s c a p t a i n of t h e H i g h S c h o o l C a d e t
C o r p s . In S e p t e m b e r 1 8 8 2 a c a d e t a c c i d e n t a l l y s h o t M r T h o m s o n in his f o o t at t h e P e l i c h e t B a y firing
r a n g e , a n d h e w a s c o n f i n e d to his h o m e for s o m e m o n t h s . T h e injury c o n t i n u e d to t r o u b l e h i m until his
f o o t w a s a m p u t a t e d in 1 8 9 3 , a n d it w a s n o t l o n g b e f o r e h e r e t u r n e d to t e a c h i n g a g a i n . H o w e v e r , in t h e
m e a n t i m e his w i f e E m m a h a d b e c o m e ill w i t h t u b e r c u l o s i s a n d s h e d i e d in 1 8 9 4 . After E m m a ' s d e a t h
M r T h o m s o n r e s u m e d his active role in m a n y o r g a n i s a t i o n s .
J . S . T e n n a n t c a l l e d a m e e t i n g o n 13 O c t o b e r 1 8 9 4 to r e a c t i v a t e t h e Field C l u b a n d G . M. T h o m s o n
w a s elected P r e s i d e n t .
T h e club f o l d e d a g a i n in 1 8 9 7 , f u n c t i o n e d f r o m 1 9 0 4 - 1 9 0 7 , a n d w a s a g a i n r e c o n s t i t u t e d in 1915, e a c h
t i m e t h r o u g h t h e e n e r g y a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t o f G . M. T h o m s o n . H e s e r v e d as p r e s i d e n t f r o m 1 9 1 5 1 9 2 3 , a n d t h e n a s p a t r o n until his d e a t h in 1 9 3 3 .
Beth Bain, P r e s i d e n t , D u n e d i n N a t u r a l i s t s ' F i e l d C l u b , 2 0 0 2 .
Research Report
•
New o r c h i d g e n e r a for New Z e a l a n d a n d a correction
Peter J . de L a n g e , S c i e n c e & R e s e a r c h Unit, A u c k l a n d C o n s e r v a n c y , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o n s e r v a t i o n ,
PB 68908, Auckland.
Introduction
In a further r e v i s i o n o f Australian a n d N e w Z e a l a n d O r c h i d a c e a e (Tribes B u l b o p h y l l i n a e a n d Eriinae)
J o n e s & C l e m e n t s ( 2 0 0 2 ) provide a n e w g e n u s for t h e N e w Z e a l a n d e n d e m i c o r c h i d
Bulbophyllum
pygmaeum,
a n d a n e w c o m b i n a t i o n f o r t h e o u r other e n d e m i c Bulbophyllum,
B. tuberculatum
in t h e
reinstated g e n u s Adelopetalum.
A s b e f o r e ( d e L a n g e 2 0 0 2 ) I h a v e u s e d a s a b a s e l i n e t h e Flora II
O r c h i d a c e a e t r e a t m e n t of M o o r e (in M o o r e & E d g a r 1 9 7 0 ) . A g a i n the a u t h o r s n o t e t h a t t h e c h a n g e s
p r o p o s e d a n d n e w g e n e r a c r e a t e d in their p a p e r result f r o m "detailed m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n d m o l e c u l a r
s t u d i e s that will b e p u b l i s h e d e l s e w h e r e " .
New Genus
Ichthyostomum
D . L . J o n e s , M.A.CIem. et M o l l o y The Orchadian
13(11): 4 9 9 ( 2 0 0 2 )
A m o n o t y p i c g e n u s c o n f i n e d to N e w Z e a l a n d . T h e g e n u s t a k e s it n a m e f r o m t h e G r e e k w o r d s for fish
and mouth.
New
Combination
Ichthyostomum
pygmaeum
(Sm.) D . L . J o n e s , M . A . C l e m . et Molloy
= Dendrobium pygmaeum
S m . , in Rees Cyclop. 11: s u b . D e n d r o b i u m n.27 ( 1 8 0 8 )
= Bulbophyllum
pygmaeum
( S m . ) L i n d l . Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. 5 8 ( 1 8 3 0 )
= Bulbophyllum
ichthyostomum
C o l e n s o , in T.N.Z.l. 26, 3 1 9 ( 1 8 9 4 )
Reinstated G e n u s
Adelopetalum
Fitzg., J.Bot. 29: 152 ( 1 8 9 1 )
J o n e s & C l e m e n t s p r o v i d e a series o f n e w c o m b i n a t i o n s but n o information b e y o n d ' A u s t r a l a s i a n ' as
to t h e e x a c t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e g e n u s , w h i c h e x t e n d s to N e w Z e a l a n d , Norfolk a n d L o r d H o w e Islands.
I h a v e b e e n u n a b l e t o find out t h e m e a n i n g o f t h e g e n e r i c n a m e .
New
Combination
Adelopetalum
tuberculatum
498 (2002)
= Bulbophyllum
tuberculatum
(Colenso) D . L . J o n e s , M . A . C l e m . , et Molloy The Orchadian
C o l e n s o T . P . N . Z . I . 16: 3 3 6 ( 1 8 8 4 )
10
13(11):
N O T E S : M o o r e (in M o o r e & E d g a r 1 9 7 0 ) n o t e d that A. (Bulbophyllum)
tuberculatum
e x t e n d e d to L o r d
H o w e Island. Plants f r o m that island a n d Norfolk are n o w c o n s i d e r e d to be a n e n d e m i c ( G r e e n 1 9 9 4 )
s p e c i e s , A. (Bulbophyllum)
argyropum ( E n d l . ) D . L . J o n e s et M . A . C l e m .
Errata
d e L a n g e ( 2 0 0 2 ) accidentally o m i t t e d t h e following i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m the s e c t i o n d o c u m e n t i n g n a m e
c h a n g e s affecting Corybas.
Corybas
S a l i s b u r y Parad. London.
( 1 8 0 5 ) , t. 8 3 .
A s redefined by J o n e s et a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) Corybas n o w c o m p r i s e s s o m e 12 s p p d i s t r i b u t e d in A u s t r a l i a , N e w
Z e a l a n d , N e w C a l e d o n i a , P a p u a N e w G u i n e a a n d I n d o n e s i a . N e w Z e a l a n d has r e t a i n e d o n e e n d e m i c
species.
Corybas
cheesemanii
Hook.f. ex Kirk in T.N.Z.I. 3: 180 ( 1 8 7 1 ) .
N O T E S : T h e N e w Z e a l a n d plant w a s t r e a t e d by M o o r e ( M o o r e in E d g a r 1970) a s c o n s p e c i f i c with t h e
Australian C. aconitiflorus,
t h e t y p e of t h e g e n u s .
References
de Lange, P.J. 2002: New genera, reinstatements and combinations for New Zealand Orchidaceae (Tribe
Diurideae). NZ Botanical Society Newsletter 68: 14-18.
Green, P. S. 1994: Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing
Service.
Jones, D.L.; Clements, M.A. 2002: Nomenclatural changes in the Australian and New Zealand Bulbophyllinae
and Eriinae (Orchidaceae). The Orchadian 13(11): 498-501.
Herbarium Report
•
Forest Research H e r b a r i u m (NZFRI)
C. E. E c r o y d a n d E. M . M i l l e r , F o r e s t R e s e a r c h H e r b a r i u m , F o r e s t R e s e a r c h , P r i v a t e B a g 3 0 2 0 ,
Rotorua.
Email: [email protected]. [email protected]
Electronic d a t a entry h a s b e e n
c o m p l e t e d for t h e a c c e s s i o n e d
v a s c u l a r plant s p e c i m e n s held in
the Forest R e s e a r c h H e r b a r i u m at
Rotorua.
The
database
will
i m p r o v e future u s e f u l n e s s of the
H e r b a r i u m . N o w that t h e label
information of j u s t o v e r 2 3 , 0 0 0
specimens
is
stored
on
the
computer database and the data
carefully c h e c k e d a n d c o r r e c t e d ,
detailed
information
is
readily
available. Overall patterns a n d
t r e n d s within t h e collection c a n be
shown,
confirming
perceived
strengths. A brief history of the
h e r b a r i u m a n d w h a t it c o n t a i n s is
provided.
History and development
In t h e late 1 9 4 0 s t h e r e s e a r c h c e n t r e at W h a k a r e w a r e w a , R o t o r u a b e g a n as t h e F o r e s t E x p e r i m e n t
Station with a h a n d f u l o f staff in t e m p o r a r y a c c o m m o d a t i o n . It w a s a small part o f a large g o v e r n m e n t
d e p a r t m e n t , t h e State F o r e s t Service.
11
T h e h e r b a r i u m s t a r t e d at t h e t i m e of t h e National F o r e s t S u r v e y , a v a s t s u r v e y of N e w Z e a l a n d ' s
i n d i g e n o u s forest f o r m e r c h a n t a b l e t i m b e r r e s o u r c e s , b e g u n in 1 9 4 6 a n d t a k i n g 10 y e a r s to c o m p l e t e
( M a s t e r s et al. 1 9 5 7 , K i n i n m o n t h 1 9 9 7 ) . Plant s a m p l e s w e r e b r o u g h t in to t h e staff at R o t o r u a for
identification a n d t o help f o r m t h e n u c l e u s of t h e h e r b a r i u m ( K a t h Pullar n e e B i b b y , J o h n Nicholls,
Priestley T h o m s o n , p e r s . c o m m . ) . Collectors at this t i m e i n c l u d e d P r i e s t l e y (A.P.) T h o m s o n a n d
M a l c o l m (M.J.) C o n w a y , ( e a c h later Director G e n e r a l of F o r e s t s ) , J a c k H e n r y (later o f N e w Z e a l a n d
F o r e s t P r o d u c t s L t d . ) , K e n ( K . W . ) Allison ( a u t h o r of " T h e M o s s e s of N e w Z e a l a n d " a n d " T h e
L i v e r w o r t s of N e w Z e a l a n d " ) a n d J a c k H o l l o w a y (later D i r e c t o r o f t h e F o r e s t & R a n g e E x p e r i m e n t
S t a t i o n at R a n g i o r a ) . A f a s c i n a t i n g a n d v e r y r e a d a b l e b o o k h a s r e c e n t l y b e e n p u b l i s h e d (Millen 2 0 0 0 ) ,
c o m p i l e d f r o m m e m o r i e s of t h e e x p e r i e n c e s of t h o s e w h o t o o k part in t h e S u r v e y . A c o n s i d e r a b l e
a m o u n t of b o t a n i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n w a s c o l l e c t e d a n d t h e plot s h e e t s n o w f o r m a u s e f u l d a t a - s e t held by
Landcare Research.
M i c k ( A . C . ) F o r b e s , a S t a t e F o r e s t S e r v i c e botanist, set up t h e h e r b a r i u m w h i c h h e m a n a g e d t o g e t h e r
with t h e library in addition to r u n n i n g b o t a n y a n d tree identification c o u r s e s f o r t h e Forestry Training
C e n t r e (Klitscher 1 9 9 7 ) . W h e n K a t h B i b b y arrived in 1949 to w o r k in t h e h e r b a r i u m , t h e s p e c i m e n s
w e r e in piles a r o u n d the r o o m ( p e r s . c o m m . ) . By M a r c h 1 9 5 0 t h e h e r b a r i u m w a s r e p o r t e d as h a v i n g
" 3 , 2 0 0 s p e c i m e n s well m o u n t e d , r e c o r d e d a n d i n d e x e d " ( N Z F S 1 9 5 0 ) . K a t h e s t a b l i s h e d careful
s p e c i m e n r e c o r d s a n d c o l l e c t e d m a n y s p e c i m e n s to build u p t h e c o l l e c t i o n , s e t t i n g it u p well for the
future.
F r o m 1 9 5 6 to 1 9 6 6 t h e N e w Z e a l a n d Forest S e r v i c e c a r r i e d o u t a s e c o n d m a j o r s u r v e y of t h e
i n d i g e n o u s f o r e s t s , t h e E c o l o g i c a l S u r v e y . It w a s c o n c e r n e d w i t h m a p p i n g a n d d e s c r i b i n g forest t y p e s
b a s e d o n e c o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d led to t h e p r o d u c t i o n in t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r s of t h e N e w
Z e a l a n d Forest S e r v i c e F o r e s t C l a s s a n d Forest T y p e M a p s . T h e s e d e t a i l e d f o r e s t classification m a p s
w i t h a s s o c i a t e d f o r e s t d e s c r i p t i o n s w e r e p r e p a r e d by J o h n Nicholls a n d D u d l e y Franklin. After t h e
s u r v e y t h e a s s o c i a t e d plant r e f e r e n c e collection w a s i n c o r p o r a t e d into t h e h e r b a r i u m at R o t o r u a .
S t u d y o f particular c o n i f e r g r o u p s p r e v a i l e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 5 0 s a n d e a r l y 1 9 6 0 s , a n d h e r b a r i u m g r o w t h
w a s s l o w , w i t h e m p h a s i s o n e x o t i c s p e c i e s ( N Z F S 1 9 5 8 ) . R e s e a r c h interest in s e l e c t i o n o f potential
n e w plantation s p e c i e s for N e w Z e a l a n d to r e p l a c e t h e rapidly d e c r e a s i n g r e s o u r c e of i n d i g e n o u s
t i m b e r , resulted in a trip to M e x i c o by H u g o ( H . V . ) H i n d s a n d E g o n L a r s e n in 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 to collect s e e d s
of t h e M e x i c a n p i n e s ( H i n d s & L a r s e n 1 9 6 1 ) . V o u c h e r s p e c i m e n s w e r e c o l l e c t e d a n d later a d d e d to
the herbarium.
In 1 9 6 6 B a r b a r a K n o w l e s i n s t i g a t e d revival of t h e h e r b a r i u m , w h i c h h a d g r a d u a l l y fallen into d i s u s e
after K a t h B i b b y ' s d e p a r t u r e , a n d h a d b e e n put into s t o r a g e . T h e n f o l l o w e d e x t e n s i v e collection o f
s p e c i m e n s f r o m p a r k s , g a r d e n s a n d forests t h r o u g h o u t N e w Z e a l a n d , particularly by B a r b a r a , as part
of a n effort to r e c o r d e x o t i c t r e e s p e c i e s present.
E u c a l y p t s f e a t u r e d p r o m i n e n t l y in collections f r o m the m i d 1 9 5 0 s o n w a r d s , a n d include s p e c i m e n s
f r o m e a r l y p l a n t i n g s o n f a r m s a n d plantations s a m p l e d by H a r r y B u n n , a n d t h e v a l u a b l e record of
e x t e n s i v e collecting trips to A u s t r a l i a by M i k e W i l c o x in 1 9 8 1 a n d 1 9 8 6 ( W i l c o x , M. D. 1982). Chris
E c r o y d a d d e d to t h e s e w i t h e u c a l y p t s f r o m W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a n visits in 1 9 9 4 a n d 1 9 9 6 .
D u r i n g t h e 1 9 7 0 s a n d 1 9 8 0 s e m p h a s i s o n e c o l o g i c a l s t u d i e s a n d t h e l o c a t i o n in R o t o r u a of ecologists
a n d b o t a n i s t s f r o m g o v e r n m e n t d e p a r t m e n t s s u c h as B o t a n y D i v i s i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of Scientific a n d
Industrial R e s e a r c h ( D S I R ) led to v o u c h e r i n g o f m a n y r e c o r d s in t h e h e r b a r i u m , particularly f r o m t h e
central N o r t h I s l a n d . T h e s e r e c o r d s included well p r e s e r v e d p l a n t f r a g m e n t s f r o m a "buried forest" at
P u r e o r a w h i c h d a t e b a c k e i g h t e e n h u n d r e d y e a r s to the t i m e o f t h e last T a u p o v o l c a n i c eruption
( C l a r k s o n et al. 1 9 9 2 ) . S o m e m o r e recent v o u c h e r s for P r o t e c t e d N a t u r a l A r e a s u r v e y s f r o m t h e
central N o r t h Island a n d t h e E a s t C o a s t are i n c o r p o r a t e d a s a r e r e c o r d s f r o m a c u r r e n t project o n
biodiversity in p l a n t a t i o n f o r e s t s at s e v e r a l North Island a n d S o u t h Island s i t e s .
S p e c i m e n s p r e d a t i n g t h e N Z F R I h e r b a r i u m h a v e b e e n a c q u i r e d f r o m gifts a n d e x c h a n g e s of
s p e c i m e n s . T h e s e include s o m e e u c a l y p t s f r o m v a r i o u s p r i v a t e c o l l e c t i o n s d a t i n g f r o m the early
1 9 0 0 s , a n d t h e e a r l i e s t c o l l e c t e d s p e c i m e n , Potomogeton
ochreatus, a n e x c h a n g e d u p l i c a t e collected
by H. C a r s e in 1 8 9 9 f r o m t h e W a i k a t o River. Private c o l l e c t i o n s gifted f r o m f o r m e r forestry students
i n c l u d i n g M i k e W i l c o x , J o h n H o b b s , D u d l e y Franklin, B o b F e n t o n , a n d T o n y Haslett w e r e v a l u a b l e
additions.
12
Small numbers of foreign shrub and tree specimens from beyond Australasia have occasionally been
r e c e i v e d , often f r o m their natural r a n g e , m a k i n g possible useful c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h N e w Z e a l a n d - g r o w n
m a t e r i a l . Pacific Island visits by staff m e m b e r s created o p p o r t u n i t i e s to m a k e c o l l e c t i o n s of f o r e s t
s p e c i e s f r o m V a n u a t u , S a m o a a n d Fiji.
T h e h e r b a r i u m h a s often b e e n i n v o l v e d in h o s t identification for p e s t s a n d d i s e a s e s r e c o r d e d in f o r e s t
a n d b o r d e r s u r v e i l l a n c e p r o g r a m m e s . T h e h o s t s a d d e d f r o m this w o r k include g a r d e n plants as w e l l
a s plantation f o r e s t t r e e s a n d a d v e n t i v e s p e c i e s .
It is interesting t h a t collecting o f s p e c i m e n s h a s not o c c u r r e d at a s t e a d y rate, b u t r a t h e r h a s t a k e n
p l a c e in three m a i n w a v e s ( s e e F i g u r e 1). T h e first related to t h e N a t i o n a l Forest S u r v e y ; the s e c o n d
in t h e 1 9 6 0 s i n c l u d e d t h e Ecological S u r v e y a n d collection of e x o t i c tree s p e c i e s f r o m t h r o u g h o u t N e w
Z e a l a n d ; a n d t h e third w a s in t h e 1 9 7 0 s - 1 9 8 0 s w h e n s e v e r a l b o t a n i s t s , i n c l u d i n g B r u c e C l a r k s o n ,
B e v e r l e y C l a r k s o n , Willie S h a w , S a r a h B e a d e l , a n d Chris E c r o y d , w e r e r e c o r d i n g a s p e c t s o f t h e
central North Island v e g e t a t i o n , t h e R o t o r u a Botanical S o c i e t y w a s f o r m e d , a n d v o u c h e r s w e r e
g a t h e r e d for t h e R o t o r u a L a k e s E c o l o g i c a l District s p e c i e s list ( E c r o y d et al. 1 9 9 0 ) .
P e r i o d s of low activity a r e also e v i d e n t . It is interesting that s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 5 0 s a n d
early 1 9 6 0 s a r e m o s t l y f r o m private s t u d e n t collections, gifted to t h e h e r b a r i u m in later y e a r s . T h e
s p e c i m e n s a c c e s s i o n e d d u r i n g that e r a are m a i n l y f r o m M a r t i n B a n n i s t e r ' s c y p r e s s r e s e a r c h t o g e t h e r
w i t h Harry B u n n ' s e u c a l y p t c o l l e c t i o n . T h e r e d u c e d activity in r e c e n t y e a r s c o r r e l a t e s w i t h f o r m a t i o n o f
C r o w n R e s e a r c h Institutes a n d t h e a s s o c i a t e d transfer o f L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h b o t a n i s t s (formerly o f
B o t a n y Division) to H a m i l t o n .
Figure 1. Specimen collection by year from 1940 - 2001
Collectors
M a j o r collectors o f a c c e s s i o n e d s p e c i m e n s held in this h e r b a r i u m include C h r i s E c r o y d ( 3 9 5 6
s p e c i m e n s ) , M i k e W i l c o x ( 2 1 4 7 ) , B a r b a r a K n o w l e s ( 1 5 0 2 ) , S a r a h B e a d e l a n d Willie S h a w ( 1 2 6 3 ) ,
Tony Beveridge (736), J o h n Hobbs (637), Bruce and Beverley Clarkson (832) and Kath Bibby (553).
13
Herbarium P e r s o n n e l
T h e r e h a v e b e e n o n l y six p e o p l e in c h a r g e o f t h e h e r b a r i u m in its 5 5 y e a r s o f o p e r a t i o n :
A C (Mick) Forbes
1946 - 1 9 4 9
Kath B i b b y
Martin B a n n i s t e r
Barbara Knowles (nee Turner)
1 9 4 9 - 1953
1953 - 1 9 6 5
1966 - 1971
Dianne O'Donnell
Chris E c r o y d
1972 - 1 9 7 3
1974 -
B a r b a r a K n o w l e s c o n t i n u e d her a s s o c i a t i o n part-time with t h e h e r b a r i u m , a p a r t f r o m a f e w breaks,
until 2 0 0 0 . F r o m t i m e to t i m e o t h e r staff h a v e assisted w i t h m o u n t i n g s p e c i m e n s . In 1991 the
e l e c t r o n i c d a t a b a s e w a s set up by Barry S p r i n g - R i c e , a n d j u s t t h r e e s t u d e n t s h e l p e d e n t e r t h e backlog
of d a t a o v e r s e v e n s u m m e r v a c a t i o n s .
Name C h a n g e s of the R e s e a r c h Institute
F r o m t h e initial " F o r e s t E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n " o f t h e State F o r e s t S e r v i c e , t h e n a m e w a s c h a n g e d in
1949 t o t h e F o r e s t R e s e a r c h Institute ( F R I ) , part of the N e w Z e a l a n d F o r e s t S e r v i c e . In 1 9 8 7 the N e w
Z e a l a n d Forest S e r v i c e w a s d i s e s t a b l i s h e d a n d FRI b e c a m e part o f t h e Ministry of F o r e s t r y , then in
1992 it w a s c h a n g e d to N e w Z e a l a n d Forest R e s e a r c h Institute L i m i t e d , a s e p a r a t e C r o w n R e s e a r c h
Institute w i t h c h a n g e d m a n a g e m e n t objectives. T h e t r a d e n a m e Forest Research w a s introduced
a n d r e p l a c e d " F R I " in 1 9 9 8 , a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y the f o r m e r " F R I H e r b a r i u m " h a s u p d a t e d t o "Forest
R e s e a r c h H e r b a r i u m " . A l t h o u g h its n a m e has c h a n g e d with t h e r e c e n t r e - b r a n d i n g of t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n ,
its internationally a s s i g n e d a c r o n y m r e m a i n s N Z F R I .
C o m p o s i t i o n of the collection
O v e r a l l , t h e collection e m p h a s i s is o n records significant to plantation a n d i n d i g e n o u s f o r e s t r y in N e w
Z e a l a n d , but t h e r e is a significant c o m p o n e n t o f records f r o m o t h e r N e w Z e a l a n d v e g e t a t i o n t y p e s as
w e l l , particularly f r o m t h e central N o r t h I s l a n d , a n d a n i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r of o r n a m e n t a l trees a n d
s h r u b s . T r e e s p e c i e s , e s p e c i a l l y c o n i f e r s a n d e u c a l y p t s , o c c u p y a large part o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n . O f the
2 7 7 0 c o n i f e r s p e c i m e n s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 5 0 ( 2 7 % ) are p i n e s . T h e r e a r e o v e r 2 8 0 0 e u c a l y p t (sens. lat.)
s p e c i m e n s , r e p r e s e n t i n g a b o u t 3 6 0 s p e c i e s , providing a g o o d c o v e r a g e o f cultivated s p e c i e s in this
large g e n u s . E u c a l y p t s a n d c o n i f e r s together c o m p r i s e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 4 % o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n .
T h e collection is a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y of v a s c u l a r plants, a l t h o u g h t h e r e a r e s m a l l n u m b e r s of
b r y o p h y t e s a n d l i c h e n s a n d a f e w f r e s h w a t e r a l g a e . T h e f u n g a l c o l l e c t i o n , N Z F R I - M , is h o u s e d a n d
m a n a g e d s e p a r a t e l y u n d e r G e o f f Ridley, forest mycologist.
T a b l e 1 . S p e c i m e n s in e a c h m a j o r plant g r o u p a s at O c t o b e r 2 0 0 1
Group
Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Gymnosperms
Pteridophytes
Bryophytes
Lichens & Algae
Total
No. of specimens
14698
2998
2771
1903
483
220
23073
% o f total
64
13
12
8
2
1
100
Specimen Origins
A b o u t 7 0 % ( 1 6 1 9 6 ) o f t h e collection is f r o m t h e North Island of N e w Z e a l a n d a n d 1 8 % ( 4 0 3 8 ) f r o m the
S o u t h I s l a n d , w i t h t h e rest b e i n g f r o m off-shore islands ( 1 . 5 % ) or f o r e i g n c o l l e c t i o n s ( T a b l e 2 ) .
14
T a b l e 2 . C o l l e c t i o n b y c o u n t r y of origin a s at O c t o b e r 2 0 0 1
Origin
New Zealand
Australia
Pacific I s l a n d s (especially V a n u a t u )
North America (USA & Mexico)
S o u t h A m e r i c a (Chile)
Europe
Asia
Africa
U n s p e c i f i e d ( p r o b a b l y N.Z.)
No. of specimens
20604
1317
660
275
58
83
23
13
40
% of total
89.3
5.7
2.9
1.2
>0.2
<0.4
<0.1
<0.1
<0.2
A l t h o u g h N e w Z e a l a n d s p e c i m e n locations r a n g e t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y , t h e g r e a t e s t n u m b e r of
collections h a v e b e e n m a d e f r o m t h e A u c k l a n d , B a y o f Plenty, V o l c a n i c P l a t e a u a n d U r e w e r a regions.
E x c h a n g e s , particularly w i t h A u c k l a n d M u s e u m H e r b a r i u m ( A K ) , A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y H e r b a r i u m
( A K U ) a n d L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h H e r b a r i u m ( C H R ) , h a v e h e l p e d b r o a d e n t h e r a n g e o f s p e c i e s held,
a n d g i v e n v a l u a b l e s t r e n g t h s in r e c o r d s f r o m t h e n o r t h e r n part o f N e w Z e a l a n d , e s p e c i a l l y A u c k l a n d ,
a n d f r o m t h e S o u t h I s l a n d , particularly t h e e a s t e r n s i d e .
Acknowledgements
The authors appreciated reminiscent conversations with several former staff members including Kath Pullar nee
Bibby, John Miller and Priestley Thomson. They are also grateful to John Nicholls and Barbara Knowles for
comments on and contributions to the manuscript.
References
Clarkson, B. R., Clarkson, B. D., Patel, R. N. 1992. The pre-Taupo eruption (c. AD 130) forest of the BenneydalePureora district, central North Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 22: 6 1 76.
Ecroyd, C. E., Clarkson, B. D., Wilcox, M. D. 1990. Annotated list of vascular plants in the Rotorua Lakes
Ecological District. Rotorua Botanical Society Special Issue No. 1. 69 p.
Hinds, H. V., Larsen, E. 1961. Collecting tree seed in Mexico. Empire Forestry Review 40: 43-53.
Kininmonth, J.A. 1997. A history of forestry research in New Zealand. New Zealand Forest Research Institute,
Rotorua. 271 p.
Klitscher, K. (ed.) 1997. Characters of FRI. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Rotorua. 163 p.
Masters, S. E., Holloway, J . T., McKelvey, P. J. 1957. The national forest survey of New Zealand, 1955. Vol. 1.
The indigenous forest resources of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington. 121 p.
Millen, J. 2000. Through trackless bush. The story of the New Zealand National Forest Survey 1946 - 1955. P. F.
Olsen & Co. Ltd., P O Box 1127, Rotorua. 138 p.
New Zealand Forest Service. 1950. Annual Report of the Director of Forestry for year ended March 1950, p.31.
New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington.
New Zealand Forest Service. 1958. Annual Report, Forest Research Institute, for the year ending 31 March
1958, p. 4 1 . New Zealand Forest Sen/ice, Wellington.
Wilcox, M. D. 1982. In search of Eucalyptus. Report on 1981 A N Z A C fellowship programme in Australia.
Unpublished Forest Research Institute report. 39 p.
BIOGRAPHY/BIBLIOGRAPHY
•
B i o g r a p h i c a l Notes (47) : Charles Traill (1826-1891); Walter Traill (1850-1924); a n d Arthur
William Traill (1852-1936)
E. J . G o d l e y , R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e , L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h , P O B o x 6 9 L i n c o l n .
T h e s e t h r e e b r o t h e r s Traill played a major part in t h e early b i o l o g i c a l e x p l o r a t i o n o f S t e w a r t Island.
T h e y n o t o n l y m a d e n e w d i s c o v e r i e s , but w e l c o m e d , a d v i s e d , a n d g u i d e d t h e v i s i t i n g naturalists of
t h o s e early d a y s . T h e y w e r e O r c a d i a n s , t h r e e o f t h e s e v e r a l c h i l d r e n b o r n t o W i l l i a m Traill ( 1 7 9 7 1 8 5 8 ) o f W e s t n e s s a n d W o o d w i c k , O r k n e y . C h a r l e s ' s m o t h e r w a s Harriet S a r l e , W i l l i a m ' s first wife,
a n d W a l t e r a n d A r t h u r W i l l i a m w e r e s o n s o f W i l l i a m ' s s e c o n d w i f e , Henrietta M o o d i e H e d d l e . This
a n d o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e Traill family h a s b e e n o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e several p u b l i c a t i o n s b y Sheila
15
(Traill) N a t u s c h (e.g. 1 - 3 ) w h o is t h e g r a n d - d a u g h t e r of Arthur W i l l i a m Traill a n d d a u g h t e r o f t h e late
R o y Traill ( 1 8 9 2 - 1 9 8 9 ) o f S t e w a r t I s l a n d .
C h a r l e s Traill (1826-1891)
C h a r l e s w a s b o r n o n R o u s a y , o n e of t h e O r k n e y Islands, on
13 N o v e m b e r 1 8 2 6 . H e w a s e d u c a t e d locally a n d t h e n
s p e n t 2 y e a r s a t t h e University o f E d i n b u r g h b e f o r e being
apprenticed to a lawyer.
In 1 8 4 9 h e w e n t to A u s t r a l i a ,
spending a year on sheep runs, a n d then w e n t to the
Californian g o l d d i g g i n g s for 3 y e a r s b e f o r e returning to
O r k n e y . B y 1 8 5 6 h e h a d c o m e to N e w Z e a l a n d a n d w a s a
partner in a m e r c a n t i l e f i r m (Traill, R o x b y & C o . ) in O a m a r u .
C h a r l e s w a s a n a r d e n t c o n c h o l o g i s t , a n interest s h a r e d with
his eldest brother, Dr W i l l i a m Traill o f W o o d w i c k , a n d at t h e
1865 Colonial Exhibition in D u n e d i n h e w a s a w a r d e d an
Exhibition M e d a l f o r " z e a l o u s s e r v i c e s t o N e w Z e a l a n d
conchology".
T h i s interest led to a n a c q u a i n t a n c e with
J a m e s H e c t o r , a n d o n 2 5 M a y , 1 8 6 9 , C h a r l e s s e n t Hector
t h e results o f his o b s e r v a t i o n s o n fossil m o l l u s c s near
O a m a r u . Extracts f r o m this letter w e r e p u b l i s h e d a s On the
Tertiary Series of Oamaru and Moeraki (TNZI 2, 1870) b y
C h a r l e s Traill.
C h a r l e s s e e m s to h a v e b e e n s e a r c h i n g f o r a n o t h e r place to
live in a n d w o r k , f o r in 1 8 6 6 - 6 7 h e r e c o n n o i t r e d t h e
C h a t h a m I s l a n d s w h e r e h e w a s h e l p e d b y F.A.D. C o x .
H o w e v e r , w h i l e d r e d g i n g in F o v e a u x Strait h e h a d b e e n
Charles Traill taken during the 'sixties'
attracted to S t e w a r t Island a n d after h e a n d t h e D a n i s h b o r n H e n r i e t t a J e s s i e B u c h o l z w e r e m a r r i e d o n 2 7 April,
1 8 7 1 , h e settled o n t h e little island o f U l v a (originally called C o u p a r ' s I s l a n d ) j u s t inside t h e e n t r a n c e
to P a t e r s o n Inlet. H e r e h e o p e n e d a s t o r e selling provisions a n d n a u t i c a l g e a r , w h i c h h e r e p l e n i s h e d
f r o m Bluff in his cutter Ulva. In 1 8 7 2 , w h e n a Post Office for S t e w a r t Island w a s o p e n e d o n U l v a , he
was appointed postmaster.
I m p o r t a n t visitors w e r e :
1875
(early J a n ) : C h a r l e s a n d J e s s i e w e r e visited by G . M . T h o m s o n , s c i e n c e m a s t e r at O t a g o
B o y s ' High S c h o o l , a n d his friend R o b e r t Paulin, s u r v e y o r a n d civil e n g i n e e r , o f D u n e d i n .
T h e y w e r e t r a n s p o r t e d b y W a l t e r Traill in his cutter Rosa a s d e s c r i b e d b e l o w . N o t e that
M c K e r c h a r ( 4 ) e r r o n e o u s l y s t a t e s that t h e visit w a s to o b s e r v e t h e T r a n s i t o f V e n u s a n d that
T h o m s o n ' s c o m p a n i o n w a s D o n a l d Petrie.
1875
(late J a n ) : T h e transit of t h e p l a n e t V e n u s across t h e d i s c o f t h e s u n o n 5 D e c e m b e r , 1874
h a d b e e n e a g e r l y a w a i t e d b y scientists s i n c e 1769. B y t i m i n g t h e transit they c o u l d e s t i m a t e
t h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n earth a n d s u n . This e v e n t b r o u g h t a F r e n c h naturalist to U l v a . D r Henri
Filhol ( 1 8 4 3 - 1 9 0 2 ) , then o f t h e F r e n c h Ministry of Public I n s t r u c t i o n , w a s s u r g e o n , biologist,
a n d g e o l o g i s t s to t h e F r e n c h T r a n s i t of V e n u s Expedition w h i c h s p e n t f r o m S e p t e m b e r to
D e c e m b e r 1 8 7 4 o n C a m p b e l l I s l a n d , a n d arrived b a c k at Port C h a l m e r s o n 3 0 D e c e m b e r . In
D u n e d i n Filhol s t a y e d with F.R. C h a p m a n a n d w o r k e d in H u t t o n ' s laboratory ( 5 ) . H e h a d
b e e n i n s t r u c t e d t o visit S t e w a r t Island a n d there ( p r o b a b l y in late J a n u a r y 1875) h e studied
t h e m a r i n e f a u n a o n t h e n o r t h - e a s t c o a s t a n d w r o t e (translation S . N a t u s c h ) : "I p u t u p at t h e
h o m e o f M o n s i e u r [Charles] Traill at C u p f e r Island. T h i s k n o w l e d g e a b l e a n d able naturalist,
w h o r e c e i v e d m e m o s t cordially, w a s ready a n d willing t o help m e , t i m e a n d time a g a i n , in m y
r e s e a r c h e s ; a n d to point o u t t h o s e p l a c e s w h i c h h e h i m s e l f h a s f o u n d m o s t p r o d u c t i v e during
n u m e r o u s d r e d g i n g s . . . " (3).
1875
( 2 7 A u g u s t ) : O n this d a y J e s s i e Traill d i e d , with only C h a r l e s to h e l p h e r a n d b u r y her, a n d
with h e r d a u g h t e r Ellen a g e d only t h r e e . Paulin recalled f r o m his J a n u a r y visit that " M r s Traill,
a p l e a s a n t , intellectual lady, g a v e u s a hearty w e l c o m e a n d w a s s o untiring in h e r efforts to
16
p r o m o t e o u r c o m f o r t that w e a l m o s t felt a s h a m e d at t h e t r o u b l e a n d i n c o n v e n i e n c e to w h i c h
w e w e r e putting her." (6).
1878
( J a n ) : G . M . T h o m s o n r e t u r n e d to t h e island, a c c o m p a n i e d b y D o n a l d P e t r i e , S e n i o r Inspector
of S c h o o l s f o r t h e O t a g o E d u c a t i o n B o a r d . T h e only collecting locality g i v e n b y H a m l i n (7) is
" F r a z e r P e a k s — P o r t P e g a s u s , S t e w a r t Island" an isolated s o u t h e r n a r e a o n l y a c c e s s i b l e by
sea.
1880
( J a n ) : T h o m s o n a n d Petrie m a d e their s e c o n d visit ( 8 ) . Collecting localities w e r e : "Glory
C o v e , P a t e r s o n ' s Inlet; P o r t P e g a s u s ; ( M a s o n ' s B a y ? ) " ( 7 )
C o c k a y n e ( 9 ) w r o t e o f this visit:
"in a small sailing craft w i t h M r W . J o s s of t h e N e c k as c a p t a i n , t h e y e x p l o r e d Port P e g a s u s
a n d P a t e r s o n Inlet, d r e d g i n g in their w a t e r s or plant collecting in t h e l o w e r c o u n t r y " . W h e t h e r
J o s s took t h e naturalists to Port P e g a s u s in 1878 o r w h e t h e r C o c k a y n e is c o n f u s i n g two
e x p e d i t i o n s is h a r d to s a y . In a n y c a s e w e could note t h a t C h a r l e s Traill a n d Rosa w e r e not
u s e d , as t h e y w e r e in 1 8 7 5 . ( A n d also recall that a W . J o s s o f S t e w a r t Island d i s c o v e r e d a
tree-fern in N o r m a n ' s Inlet, A u c k l a n d Island in 1903.
1882
( J a n - F e b ) : D u r i n g his visit to S t e w a r t a n d H e r e k o p e r e I s l a n d s , Kirk w a s o n U l v a o n 6 a n d 2 3
January and 6 February (10).
1882
(24 N o v ) : O n this d a y Kirk a n s w e r e d enquiries f r o m C h a r l e s Traill a b o u t S t e w a r t Island
plants, m a i n l y f e r n s (Kirk w a s t h e n Lecturer in N a t u r a l S c i e n c e at L i n c o l n Agricultural
C o l l e g e ) . H e first identifies Pimelea longifolia, "a s m a l l - l e a v e d f o r m " a n d p u k a t e a . H e t h e n
g i v e s a list of S t e w a r t Island f e r n s " f r o m m e m o r y " , a n d w r i t e s : " T h o m p s o n " s (sic) b o o k [The
Ferns and Fern Allies of New Zealand by G . M . T h o m s o n , 1882] w o u l d b e u s e f u l as h e g i v e s
m o r e o f the latest c o r r e c t i o n s in n o m e n c l a t u r e . If y o u h a v e a c o p y of Handbook
of NZ Flora I
c a n s e n d y o u t h e f e r n a d d i t i o n s . " (11).
T w o o t h e r m a t t e r s c o n c e r n i n g f e r n s c o u l d b e m e n t i o n e d here. C h a r l e s p o s s e s s e d a p a m p h l e t entitled
Handbook
of the Ferns of New Zealand chiefly compiled from Dr Hooker's "Flora Novae
Zealandiae",
Sir Wm J. Hooker's "Species Filicum", etc. Price t w o shillings a n d s i x p e n c e , p r o c e e d s to b e d e v o t e d
to t h e f u n d for d e f r a y i n g t h e e x p e n s e s i n c u r r e d in t h e erection o f S t M a r y ' s C h u r c h , P a r n e l l , A u c k l a n d ,
J o h n V a r t y , Q u e e n S t r e e t , 1861 ( 1 1 ) ; this c o u l d b e the first F l o r a p u b l i s h e d in N e w Z e a l a n d . A n d
Kirk's p a p e r o n S t e w a r t Island f e r n s (12) d e s c r i b e s in c o n s i d e r a b l e detail a n a t u r a l f e r n e r y in a d e e p
ravine on Ulva.
1883-84
( D e c - J a n ) : D u r i n g K i r k ' s s e c o n d visit to S t e w a r t Island h e c o l l e c t e d o n U l v a o n 1 4 - 1 5
D e c e m b e r a n d 3 J a n u a r y (10). H e w a s also g u i d e d up Mt. A n g l e m b y A r t h u r Traill as I
will d e s c r i b e later.
W h e n r e p o r t i n g o n his t w o visits to S t e w a r t Island ( 1 3 ) Kirk w r o t e " " M r C h a r l e s Traill h a s d o n e a large
a m o u n t of g o o d w o r k in t h e investigation of t h e f a u n a a n d flora o f t h e i s l a n d ; I a m s p e c i a l l y i n d e b t e d to
h i m for dried s p e c i m e n s o f a b o u t 2 0 0 s p e c i e s of flowering plants a n d f e r n s , a c c o m p a n i e d in m a n y
c a s e s by v a l u a b l e n o t e s o n their h a b i t s a n d distribution, as well as t h e native n a m e s in u s e o n S t e w a r t
Island."
In Kirk's Forest Flora of New Zealand ( 1 8 8 9 ) C h a r l e s Traill is o n e o f s e v e n specially
m e n t i o n e d for " s u p p l y i n g r e c e n t s p e c i m e n s or s p e c i a l information d u r i n g t h e p r o g r e s s of this w o r k " ;
a n d t h e S t e w a r t Island n a t i v e n a m e s a r e a g a i n a c k n o w l e d g e d .
1886
( N o v ) : In this m o n t h R o b e r t Paulin r e t u r n e d to S t e w a r t Island a n d U l v a . O n 6 N o v e m b e r h e
a n d f o u r o t h e r s left Bluff o n a p r o s p e c t i n g expedition t o t h e W e s t C o a s t S o u n d s . T h e y h a d
hired t h e Rosa, W a l t e r Traill's old cutter, w h i c h h a d t r a n s p o r t e d Paulin a n d T h o m s o n to
S t e w a r t Island in J a n u a r y 1 8 7 5 , but w a s n o w under n e w o w n e r s h i p . O n t h e i r first night t h e y
a n c h o r e d in H o r s e s h o e B a y o n S t e w a r t Island. H e r e a n d in n e i g h b o u r i n g b a y s t h e y w a i t e d
until 2 0 N o v e m b e r for f a v o u r a b l e w e a t h e r t o take t h e m to P u y s e g u r Point a n d points north o n
t h e m a i n l a n d . O n 16 N o v e m b e r Paulin a n d s o m e c o m p a n i o n s w a l k e d o v e r f r o m H a l f m o o n
B a y to P a t e r s o n ' s Inlet a n d pulled in a w h a l e boat to U l v a . Paulin f o u n d C h a r l e s "in his store,
tall, thin, b e n t , a n d g r e y ; his intellectual f a c e w o r n a n d w e a r y - l o o k i n g . H e r e m e m b e r e d m e
q u i t e w e l l , a n d after selling u s a f e w t h i n g s w e r e q u i r e d , i n c l u d i n g a pair o f s c u l l s for t h e d i n g y ,
h e a s k e d us to t a k e a w a l k t h r o u g h his little k i n g d o m . " Paulin h a s left a v a l u a b l e description
o f C h a r l e s ' s plantings — fruit t r e e s , f l o w e r i n g s h r u b s , a n d o t h e r s p e c i m e n s f r o m m a n y l a n d s .
H e a l s o s a w " a fine c o l l e c t i o n of shells a n d curios."
Paulin a l s o n o t e s t h a t " M r Traill's
17
d a u g h t e r , at t h e t i m e of o u r trip, w a s living o n t h e m a i n l a n d f o r h e r e d u c a t i o n , s o that h e w a s
all a l o n e . " (6)
S t e w a r t Island w a s , o f c o u r s e , a r e n d e z v o u s for w h a l e r s , a n d C h a r l e s h a d a great interest in t h e far
s o u t h . In 1 8 8 7 a p p e a r e d his f a r - s i g h t e d paper o n Economic Antarctic Exploration
(TNZI 19) w h i c h
e v e n s u g g e s t e d tourist visits to A n t a r c t i c a .
He a l s o c o n t r i b u t e d t h e S t e w a r t Island s e c t i o n to
Southland : a guide to its resources, industries, and scenery by a traveller, w h i c h a p p e a r e d c. 1 8 8 8 .
T h e S t e w a r t Island s e c t i o n w a s p u b l i s h e d separately. C h a r l e s d i e d o n 2 6 N o v e m b e r 1 8 9 1 , at a g e 6 5 ,
a n d w a s b u r i e d o n U l v a b e s i d e his w i f e . Paulin c a l l e d h i m " a g e n t l e m a n o f c o n s i d e r a b l e scientific
a c q u i r e m e n t s " a n d " t h e o n l y h o n e s t s t o r e k e e p e r I e v e r m e t in t h e c o l o n i e s . "
Walter Traill 1850-1924
W a l t e r Traill, h a l f - b r o t h e r o f C h a r l e s a n d brother o f Arthur, w a s b o r n o n R o u s a y o n 2 2 D e c e m b e r
1 8 5 0 . His f a t h e r d i e d in 1 8 5 8 , his m o t h e r in 1 8 6 1 , a n d h e w a s b r o u g h t u p by an e l d e r half-sister a n d
his eldest h a l f - b r o t h e r , D r W i l l i a m T r a i l l , at St A n d r e w s , just n o r t h o f E d i n b u r g h . H e r e h e a t t e n d e d
M a d r a s C o l l e g e . His o b i t u a r y states: "early in life he a n s w e r e d t h e call o f t h e s e a , a n d f o r t h r e e y e a r s
w a s o c c u p i e d as a s a i l o r in the East I n d i a trade. In 1 8 7 0 he left G l a s g o w as third officer o f t h e ship
"Dhollerah" for N e w Z e a l a n d . " A f a m i l y r e c o r d , h o w e v e r , s t a t e s : " e m i g r a t e d t o N.Z. 1 8 7 2 . " ( 1 4 )
In 1873 at S t e w a r d I s l a n d , W a l t e r built t h e cutter Rosa, w h i c h h e u s e d for s e a l i n g a n d f i s h i n g a n d in
w h i c h h e t r a n s p o r t e d G . M . T h o m s o n a n d Robert Paulin d u r i n g their visit in J a n u a r y 1 8 7 5 . T h o m s o n
a n d Paulin left D u n e d i n o n 1 J a n u a r y 1 8 7 5 , arriving n e x t m o r n i n g at Bluff w h e r e t h e y " a r r a n g e d with
W a l t e r Traill to t a k e u s o v e r to S t e w a r t Island in his cutter, t h e Rosa." T h e y also c o l l e c t e d p l a n t s o n
Bluff Hill. (Traill w a s p r o b a b l y at Bluff b e c a u s e of a regatta a t G r a h a m s t o w n ) . L e a v i n g Bluff on 5
J a n u a r y ( m i d n i g h t ) t h e y r e a c h e d H a l f m o o n Bay n e x t m o r n i n g (c. 6 a . m . ) a n d t h e n s a i l e d to Ulva
w h e r e t h e y " t o o k up q u a r t e r s for m o r e t h a n a w e e k " a n d w e r e " m o s t h o s p i t a b l y e n t e r t a i n e d b y M r C.
Traill" ( 1 5 , 1 6 ) . P a u l i n ' s recollections o f Mrs Traill are given a b o v e . After d r e d g i n g etc. a r o u n d
P a t e r s o n ' s Inlet T h o m s o n a n d Paulin e m b a r k e d on t h e Rosa for t h e S n a r e s to w h e r e W a l t e r Traill w a s
t a k i n g 13 M a o r i s e a l e r s . B u t T h o m s o n w a s d i s a p p o i n t e d in his h o p e s o f " o b t a i n i n g s p e c i m e n s o f t h e
flora." O n t h e first a t t e m p t b a d w e a t h e r f o r c e d the Rosa to turn b a c k (4) a n d o n t h e s e c o n d t h e y w e r e
u n a b l e to l a n d , "the s e a l i n g party b e i n g put off in their w h a l e boat, w h i l e t h e cutter w a s h e a d e d off
a g a i n to S t e w a r t ' s I s l a n d a s fast a s possible to avoid t h e r o u g h w e a t h e r w h i c h w a s i m p e n d i n g . "
H o w e v e r , it is a n ill w i n d e t c . — t o c o i n a p h r a s e — b e c a u s e w h e n t h e Rosa s h e l t e r e d in W i l s o n B a y at
t h e south of S t e w a r t i s l a n d T h o m s o n d i s c o v e r e d a single s p e c i m e n of Myrsine chathamica
hitherto
u n k n o w n o u t s i d e t h e C h a t h a m s (16).
W a l t e r ' s obituarist ( 1 7 ) s t a t e s that " h e r e m a i n e d in N e w Z e a l a n d for 10 y e a r s , a n d in 1 8 5 0 (sic) h e left
for S y d n e y w h e r e h e o b t a i n e d his first m a t e ' s certificate." (this is o b v i o u s l y a misprint for 1 8 8 0 ) . F r o m
S y d n e y W a l t e r visited C h i n a ( m a t e o n a river s t e a m e r ) , British C o l u m b i a , a n d A m e r i c a .
C o c k a y n e (9) s t a t e s t h a t in t h e e a r l y "nineties" Kirk e x p l o r e d t h e P e g a s u s district, " w h e r e ,
a c c o m p a n i e d by M r W a l t e r Traill, h e r e a c h e d the s u m m i t of S m i t h ' s L o o k o u t a n d t h e h i g h e s t o f the
F r a z e r P e a k s . " P r e s u m a b l y W a l t e r s u p p l i e d the s e a t r a n s p o r t a s well a s help o n l a n d . H o w e v e r , this
e x p e d i t i o n w a s in J a n u a r y 1887 (10) a n d w a s p r o b a b l y s o o n after W a l t e r ' s return h o m e (he is not in
the 1887 Electoral Roll b u t r e a p p e a r s in 1 8 9 0 ) .
W a l t e r t h e n lived w i t h C h a r l e s on U l v a , a n d after C h a r l e s ' s d e a t h in 1 8 9 1 t o o k o v e r t h e p o s t office a n d
s t o r e . He s u p p l i e d rainfall figures f o r 1 8 9 9 - 1 9 0 9 o n U l v a for C o c k a y n e ' s botanical s u r v e y o f S t e w a r t
Island ( 1 9 0 9 ) , a n d in 1 9 1 7 p u b l i s h e d his Effects of the snowstorm of the 6th September,
1916, on the
Vegetation of Stewart Island. (TNZI 49). A l t h o u g h W a l t e r h e l p e d b o t a n i s t s , his m a i n a s s i s t a n c e w a s
to z o o l o g i s t s , f r o m w h a l e s k e l e t o n s t o n o v e l beetles a n d opilionids. W a l t e r a n d his w h a l e d i s s e c t i n g
h a v e b e e n w e l l d e s c r i b e d b y M a r y Hall f r o m a p r e - 1 9 1 4 visit to U l v a ( 1 8 ) .
For his last 2 y e a r s W a l t e r left U l v a f o r H o r s e s h o e B a y , n e a r H a l f m o o n B a y , w h e r e h e w a s l o o k e d
after by S o p h i e W a l s c h l a g e r ; but, after a stroke, his last w e e k s w e r e s p e n t in t h e S o u t h l a n d Hospital
w h e r e he d i e d o n 8 N o v e m b e r 1 9 2 4 at the age of 7 3 . H e is b u r i e d in t h e East R o a d C e m e t e r y ,
Invercargill ( 1 9 ) .
18
Arthur Traill (1852-1936
A r t h u r Traill, half-brother o f C h a r l e s a n d b r o t h e r o f W a l t e r , w a s b o r n o n R o u s a y o n 2 4 N o v e m b e r
1 8 5 2 , a n d h a d t h e s a m e u p b r i n g i n g a n d e d u c a t i o n as W a l t e r . H e c a m e to N e w Z e a l a n d a s a n
a p p r e n t i c e s e a m a n on t h e Langstone.
T h i s has not b e e n a c c u r a t e l y d a t e d but a f a m i l y r e c o r d s t a t e s
" e m i g r a t e d to N Z 1 8 7 3 . " ( 1 4 ) . Settling at S t e w a r t Island h e b o u g h t t h e cutter Nightingale
and went
o y s t e r i n g in F o v e a u x Strait w i t h his partner T. L e a s k . In M a y 1 8 7 5 , h e w a s a p p o i n t e d b y t h e N a t i v e
D e p a r t m e n t to b e t h e first t e a c h e r at t h e N a t i v e S c h o o l w h i c h w a s s i t u a t e d at T h e N e c k , t h e s o u t h e r n
h e a d o f P a t e r s o n Inlet. H e w a s later h e l p e d w i t h t e a c h i n g b y his w i f e G r e t c h e n , d a u g h t e r o f t h e
G e r m a n m i s s i o n a r y , J . F . H . W o h l e r s o f R u a p u k e Island w h o m h e m a r r i e d on 1 J a n u a r y 1 8 7 8 . T h e y
h a d o n e d a u g h t e r a n d s e v e n s o n s . O n e o f A r t h u r ' s s e l f - i m p o s e d t a s k s a s d e s c r i b e d b y N a t u s c h (1)
w a s to r o w " e v e r y possible S u n d a y (sailing if t h e w i n d w a s r i g h t ) " to H a l f m o o n B a y to p r o v i d e a c h u r c h
service.
D u r i n g his first t w o visits to S t e w a r t I s l a n d , T h o m a s Kirk not o n l y m a d e friends w i t h C h a r l e s Traill o n
U l v a , but also w i t h A r t h u r at T h e N e c k (Walter, o f c o u r s e , w a s o v e r s e a s ) . In 1882 Kirk c o l l e c t e d at the
" O l d N e c k " o n 19 a n d 20 J a n u a r y (10); a n d in t h e 1 8 8 3 - 8 4 visit H a m l i n (10) i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g
d u r i n g D e c e m b e r 1 8 8 3 : " 2 6 t h T h e N e c k ; 2 7 t h , 2 8 t h Mt A n g l e m ; 3 1 s t T h e Neck." Kirk w a s t a k e n t o
n e a r t h e s u m m i t o f M t A n g l e m , t h e h i g h e s t p e a k o n S t e w a r t I s l a n d ( 8 9 0 m ) by A r t h u r Traill a n d t h r e e
o t h e r s . O n t h e first night t h e y c a m p e d n e a r t h e m a n u k a z o n e . N e x t d a y , as t h e y g o t h i g h e r t h e
a s c e n t w a s i m p e d e d by d e n s e s u b a l p i n e s c r u b a n d a t r o c i o u s w e a t h e r . Kirk d e s c r i b e d " a d e n s e
s n o w s t o r m , w h i c h later on w a s varied by fierce blasts of sleet a n d h a i l , s o that h a n d s a n d f a c e w e r e
s t u n g a l m o s t past e n d u r a n c e , a n d t h e u s e of n o t e b o o k a n d p e n c i l b e c a m e i m p o s s i b l e f o r t h e rest o f
t h e d a y . " A l t h o u g h Kirk c o n t i n u e d collecting h e only r e a c h e d t h e m o r a i n e b e l o w t h e final p e a k , w h i l e
Traill a n d v o n T u n z e l m a n r e a c h e d t h e s u m m i t (the first to d o s o ) a n d collected t h e r e . T h e d e s c e n t
b e g a n late by a different a n d difficult route a n d t h e y h a d to s l e e p o u t ( 9 , 13, 2 0 ) . N o t e t h a t C o c k a y n e
is incorrect in s a y i n g that v o n T u n z e l m a n w a s " t h e n s c h o o l m a s t e r at t h e N e c k . " H e did not t e a c h
t h e r e until 1 8 9 4 - 9 8 (21). A r t h u r h e l p e d Kirk with t h e plants of S t e w a r t Island ( s e e e p o n y m y ) but Kirk
also w r o t e : " M r a n d Mrs A . W . Traill h a v e m o s t kindly f o r m e d f o r m e a c o p i o u s collection o f t h e plants
o f R u a p u k e Island, n u m b e r i n g a b o u t 140 s p e c i e s , several o f w h i c h h a v e not b e e n o b s e r v e d o n
S t e w a r t Island proper." (13) O n e of t h e latter w o u l d h a v e b e e n "Azolla rubra R u a p u k e Is. A . W . T . " in
Kirk's f e r n list (12).
In 1 8 8 4 A r t h u r w a s a p p o i n t e d a J P . In 1 8 8 5 - 8 6 h e t o o k sick l e a v e ( 1 9 ) a n d in 1 8 8 7 h e retired f r o m
t e a c h i n g d u e to ill health. T h e family t h e n m o v e d a c r o s s to R i n g a r i n g a w h i c h is n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n
h e a d of P a t e r s o n Inlet a n d a b o u t 2 miles f r o m H a l f m o o n B a y . F r o m 1 8 8 8 to 1 9 0 2 A r t h u r held R u n
4 2 5 , s o m e 9 0 0 a c r e s of l o w - c a r r y i n g land n e a r t h e m o u t h o f t h e R a k e a h u a River ( 2 2 ) . In 1 9 0 4 - 0 5 h e
w a s C h a i r m a n of t h e S t e w a r t Island C o u n t y C o u n c i l (19).
In later life A r t h u r a n d G r e t c h e n m o v e d
L e a s k ' s B a y w h e r e they h a d a s p l e n d i d
w a s l o o k e d after by d a u g h t e r s or s o n s
died o n 3 D e c e m b e r 1936, a g e d 8 4 . H e
f r o m t h e family h o m e at R i n g a r i n g a to " W o o d w i c k " in n e a r b y
g a r d e n a n d g r e e n h o u s e ( 1 9 ) . After G r e t c h e n ' s d e a t h A r t h u r
either in Invercargill o r at R i n g a r i n g a ; a n d at R i n g a r i n g a h e
is b u r i e d t h e r e o n t h e T r a i l l - W o h l e r s family plot ( 1 9 ) .
Eponymy
1884
Aciphylla traillii "Hab. N e a r t h e s u m m i t of M o u n t A n g l e m , S t e w a r t Island, 2 8 0 0 t o 3 2 0 0 feet. I
h a v e n a m e d this distinct little s p e c i e s in c o m p l i m e n t to M r A . W . Traill, w h o a c c o m p a n i e d m e
d u r i n g the ascent, a n d to w h o m I a m i n d e b t e d for v a l u a b l e a s s i s t a n c e in e l u c i d a t i n g t h e Flora
of Stewart Island." T. Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 3 7 1 .
1884
Olearia traillii "Hab.
In p l a c e s n e a r t h e s e a , S t e w a r t I s l a n d ; a l s o o n P u y s e g u r Point, S o u t h
Island. I h a v e g r e a t p l e a s u r e in d e d i c a t i n g this f i n e p l a n t t o m y old a n d v a l u e d frient, M r
C. Traill, w h o has d o n e s o m u c h t o w a r d s e x t e n d i n g o u r k n o w l e d g e of t h e n a t u r a l history a n d
b o t a n y of S t e w a r t I s l a n d . " T. Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 3 7 2 .
1884
Myosotis antarctica s u b s p . traillii. "Hab. S a n d y p l a c e s o n t h e w e s t c o a s t o f S t e w a r t Island."
T. Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 3 7 3 . T h e r e is n o citation.
1899
Cotula traillii " S t e w a r t Island : often in b l o w n s a n d "
T. Kirk, Students' Flora. 3 2 4 . T h e r e is n o citation.
19
Acknowledgements
This note could not have been written without Sheila Natusch's writings about the Traill family and without her
answers to my many questions. I am also very grateful to David Galloway (Dunedin) for information on Robert
Paulin and for lending me Paulin's rare book on the wild West Coast. Beth Bain (Dunedin) gave valuable help
with G.M. Thomson, and the Dunedin Naturalists Field Club; and at Landcare Research (Lincoln) Ruth Lewis
helped with searches and Wendy Weller's typing got me to the Editor on time.
References
(1) Sheila Natusch 1 9 9 1 : Roy Traill of Stewart Island. Nestegg Books; (2) idem 1996: The natural world of the
Traills. ibid; (3) idem 1999: A naturalist and a gentleman, Charles Traill of Ulva 1826-1891. ibid; (4) Barbara
McKerchar 1991: Transplanted Scots. The Thomson Story. Barbara McKerchar, 25C Clifton Street, Invercargill;
(5) E.J. Godley 1970: Botany of the Southern Zone. Exploration, 1847-1891. Tuatara 18: 4 9 - 9 3 ; (6) Robert
Paulin 1889: The wild west coast of New Zealand. A summer cruise in the Rosa. London, Thorburn & Co.; (7)
B.G. Hamlin 1958: Itinerary of Donald Petrie's botanical expeditions, with a bibliography of Petrie's botanical
papers. Rec. Dom. Mus. 3: 8 9 - 9 9 ; (8) D. Petrie 1881: A visit to Stewart Island, with notes on its flora. TNZI 13:
323-332; (9) L. Cockayne 1909: Report on a botanical survey of Stewart Island. Wellington, Government Printer;
(10) B.G. Hamlin 1965: Itinerary of Thomas Kirk's botanical expeditions. Rec. Dom. Mus. 5: 9 3 - 1 0 0 ; (11) item
loaned by S. Natusch; (12) T. Kirk 1885: On the ferns and fern allies of Stewart Island. TNZI 17: 2 2 8 - 2 3 4 ; (13)
T. Kirk 1885: On the flowering plants of Stewart Island. TNZI 17: 213-228; (14) Annotations in W m H. Traill's
Traills of Westness and Woodwick; (15) extracts from G.M. Thomson's notebooks; (16) G.M. Thomson 1875: A
trip to Stewart's Island. Dunedin Naturalists Field Club Report for 1874-75. Appendix 1 6 - 1 9 ; (17) Obituary. Mr
Walter Traill. Southland Times. Nov. 1924; (18) Mary Hall 1914: A woman in the Antipodes. Methven; (19) pers.
comm. S. Natusch; (20) John Hall-Jones 1994: Stewart Island explored. Invercargill, Craig Printing Co. Ltd; (21)
Olga Sansom 1970: The Stewart Islanders. One hundred years of schooling. Reed; (22) Basil Howard 1940:
Rakiura: a history of Stewart Island, New Zealand. Reed.
•
T h e publication date of T h o m a s Kirk's 'The Students' Flora of New Zealand and the
Outlying Islands.'
Philip Short, N o r t h e r n Territory H e r b a r i u m , P.O. B o x 4 9 6 , P a l m e r s t o n , N o r t h e r n T e r r i t o r y 0 8 3 1 ,
Australia
Email: [email protected]
(I wrote the following note when I was Australian
Botanical Liaison Officer in 1991/1992
at Kew. Over
the years I've been looking at Brachyscome
and was checking
some NZ literature,
including
Kirk's
flora, at Kew when I realized that one of their copies of the flora is composed
of the sheets
submitted
to Hooker.
I never did check for any Hooker, Kirk and Hector correspondence
that may exist that
would shed light on the question of just when Hooker received pp. 1-312 of the flora.)
T h o m a s Kirk died o n 8 M a r c h 1 8 9 8 , a n d s o m e t i m e after his i n c o m p l e t e b o o k The students'
flora of
New Zealand
and the outlying islands
( s u b s e q u e n t l y a b b r e v i a t e d as Stud. fl. New Zealand)
was
p u b l i s h e d . T h e p u b l i c a t i o n d a t e o f this w o r k , in w h i c h Kirk first published a b o u t 5 0 s p e c i e s a n d 70
s u b s p e c i f i c entities, is a l w a y s cited as 1899 ( e . g . M o o r e 1 9 6 1 , M o o r e 1 9 7 3 , S t a f l e u & C o w a n 1979,
W e b b et al. 1 9 8 8 ) . T h i s is in a c c o r d a n c e with t h e a n o n y m o u s "Introductory n o t i c e " to t h e w o r k w h i c h
c o n c l u d e s , " E d u c a t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , W e l l i n g t o n , 10 April 1 8 9 9 " . In r e v i e w i n g t h e w o r k Britten ( 1 9 0 0 )
n o t e d this date a n d a d d e d "but t h e b o o k w a s n o t r e c e i v e d in L o n d o n until t h e b e g i n n i n g o f O c t o b e r
[ 1 8 9 9 ] " . C o c k a y n e ( 1 8 9 9 ) , in a publication w h i c h w a s r e a d b e f o r e t h e P h i l o s o p h i c a l Institute on 7
S e p t . 1 8 9 8 a n d 2 2 F e b . 1 8 9 9 , n o t e d in a d i s c u s s i o n of Carmichaelia
s e e d l i n g s t h a t "it m u s t be a
m a t t e r of d o u b t w h a t plant w a s m e a n t by Kirk as C. robusta
[Kirk 1 8 9 7 ] w i t h o u t a c c e s s to his
u n p u b l i s h e d w o r k , a n d to his h e r b a r i u m . " C o c k a y n e w a s p r e s u m a b l y referring to Kirk's Stud. fl. New
Zealand
(and not t h e original p l a c e o f publication of t h e n a m e C. robusta).
T h i s a l s o s u p p o r t s the
notion that the latter w o r k w a s not p u b l i s h e d until a b o u t m i d - 1 8 9 9 .
H o w e v e r , in the 1 8 9 8 A n n u a l R e p o r t of the N e w Z e a l a n d Institute ( A n o n . 1 8 9 9 ) t h e f o l l o w i n g w a s
recorded:
" T h e p o r t i o n of t h e w o r k that w a s in print at t h e time of [Kirk's] d e a t h c o v e r s
d e s c r i p t i o n s of t h e f l o w e r i n g - p l a n t s a s far a s t h e e n d o f t h e n a t u r a l o r d e r
C o m p o s i t a e ... T h e s e s h e e t s , c o n t a i n i n g 3 6 3 p a g e s , h a v e b e e n s u b m i t t e d t o Sir
J o s e p h H o o k e r for p e r u s a l a n d c o m m e n t , a n d it is h o p e d t h a t s a t i s f a c t o r y
a r r a n g e m e n t s will b e m a d e for c o m p l e t i n g t h e w o r k . In t h e m e a n t i m e it is
20
p r o p o s e d that Mr. Kirk's portion
s u p e r i n t e n d e n c e o f his s o n ..."
should
at o n c e
be
published
under
the
T h a t H o o k e r r e c e i v e d t h e p r i n t e d w o r k in 1 8 9 8 is c o n f i r m e d b y a letter at t h e start o f a c o p y of t h e
w o r k at K e w . A d d r e s s e d to H o o k e r , it s i m p l y states:
"Sir J a m e s H e c t o r w i s h e s m e to s e n d y o u t h e s e s h e e t s . T h i s c o m p l e t e s t h e w o r k
d o n e b y t h e late Mr. Kirk t o w a r d s the n e w Flora of N.Z."
T h i s is f o l l o w e d b y a n illegible s i g n a t u r e a n d t h e d a t e " 9 . 6 . 9 8 " . I m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w t h i s , in a n u n k n o w n
h a n d , it is r e c o r d e d t h a t p p . 3 1 3 - 3 6 3 w e r e r e c e i v e d o n 14 July 1 8 9 8
T h e v o l u m e c o n t a i n i n g the letter lacks t h e title p a g e s a n d t h e " T a b l e of c o n t e n t s " a n d " I n t r o d u c t o r y
notice". It also l a c k s t h e g l o s s a r y a n d printed index but d o e s h a v e a h a n d - w r i t t e n i n d e x t o g e n e r a a n d
s p e c i e s , e x c l u d i n g s u b s p e c i f i c c a t e g o r i e s w h i c h are included in t h e 1 8 9 9 c o p y . U n l i k e t h e 1 8 9 9 copy
p a g e s 3 6 1 & 3 6 2 a r e printed o n o n e side only. T h e r e c a n be little d o u b t that this v o l u m e is c o m p o s e d
of t h e original p r i n t e d s h e e t s o b t a i n e d by H o o k e r .
Article 2 9 . 1 s t a t e s t h a t " p u b l i c a t i o n is e f f e c t e d , u n d e r this Code, only by the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f printed
m a t t e r ( t h r o u g h s a l e , e x c h a n g e , or gift) to t h e g e n e r a l public o r at least to b o t a n i c a l institutions with
libraries a c c e s s i b l e to b o t a n i s t s g e n e r a l l y . " Art. 31 states that " T h e d a t e o f effective p u b l i c a t i o n is the
d a t e o n w h i c h t h e printed m a t t e r b e c a m e available as d e f i n e d in Art. 2 9 a n d 3 0 . In t h e a b s e n c e of
proof e s t a b l i s h i n g s o m e o t h e r d a t e , t h e o n e a p p e a r i n g in t h e p r i n t e d m a t t e r m u s t b e a c c e p t e d as
correct."
T h e p a g e s r e c e i v e d by H o o k e r w e r e printed a n d , as t h e y w e r e a v a i l a b l e to H o o k e r - a n d for all w e
k n o w o t h e r b o t a n i s t s at K in 1 8 9 8 - it m a y be r e a s o n a b l e t o c o n c l u d e that t h e y w e r e a c c e s s i b l e ,
u n d e r Art. 2 9 , to b o t a n i s t s . If s o Kirk's Stud. fl. New Zealand m u s t b e t a k e n to h a v e b e e n p u b l i s h e d in
1 8 9 8 , w i t h t h e last part b e i n g p u b l i s h e d o n 14 July 1 8 9 8 . O r is t h e " c o m m o n s e n s e " a p p r o a c h to take
its publication d a t e a s 1 8 9 9 ? A f t e r all, c a n n o t the distribution o f t h e printed p a g e s to H o o k e r , w h i c h
w e r e " s u b m i t t e d ... f o r p e r u s a l a n d c o m m e n t " , b e c o n s t r u e d a s b e i n g no different t h a n distributing a
m a n u s c r i p t for r e f e r e e i n g p u r p o s e s ? A s t h e y w e r e printed p a g e s a n d as they a r e identical to the
" p u b l i s h e d " 1 8 9 9 v e r s i o n , p e r h a p s not. H o w e v e r , a s C o c k a y n e ' s n o t e in r e g a r d to C. robusta s u g g e s t s
that Stud. fl. New Zealand w a s u n a v a i l a b l e to N e w Z e a l a n d b o t a n i s t s b e f o r e m i d - 1 8 9 9 , a n d as I h a v e
f o u n d n o e v i d e n c e t h a t a n y o f Kirk's n a m e s e s t a b l i s h e d in Stud. fl. New Zealand w e r e in u s e before
1 8 9 9 , t h e r e a r e e q u a l l y g o o d r e a s o n s to r e g a r d the p a g e s r e c e i v e d b y H o o k e r to b e u n p u b l i s h e d .
Fortunately t h e e x e r c i s e to establish t h e publication d a t e s e e m s to b e totally a c a d e m i c . I a m not
a w a r e of a n y c u r r e n t l y a c c e p t e d n a m e s that will b e affected s h o u l d it b e c o n s i d e r e d t h a t Kirk's Stud.
fl. New Zealand w a s p u b l i s h e d in 1 8 9 8 a n d not 1 8 9 9 .
References
Anon. (1899). Thirtieth Annual Report. Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 1898 3 1 : 707-708.
Britten, J. (1900). Two colonial floras. J. Bot. 38: 141-143.
Cockayne, L. (1899). An inquiry into the seedling forms of New Zealand phanerogams and their development.
Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 1898 3 1 : 354-398.
Kirk, T. (1897). On Carmichaelia,
Inst. 1896 29: 501-509.
Corallospartium,
Huttonella and Notospartium.
Moore, L. B. (1961) in Allan, H. H., Flora of New Zealand. Volume I. Indigenous
Wellington). Preface, p. ix.
Trans. & Proc. New Zealand
Tracheophyta.
(Govt Printer:
Moore, L. B. (1973). Thomas Kirk, botanist. Tuatara 20(2): 5 1 - 5 6 .
Stafleu, F. & Cowan, R. S. (1979). Thomas Kirk. Reg. veg. 98: 5 5 1 .
Webb, C. J., Sykes, W. R. & Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand. Volume IV.
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons. (Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch).
21
Naturalised
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Dear Editor,
W i t h r e s p e c t to t h e r e c e n t review o f " S e e d s o f N e w Z e a l a n d g y m n o s p e r m s a n d d i c o t y l e d o n s " ( W e b b
& S i m p s o n 2 0 0 1 ) b y Bal Fader. It h a s c o m e to m y attention that s o m e m e m b e r s o f t h e N e w Z e a l a n d
B o t a n i c a l C o m m u n i t y a r e of the o p i n i o n that I w a s in s o m e w a y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r that r e v i e w . For the
r e c o r d I w a s not, a n d as I k n o w for a fact t h a t there is n o s u c h individual w o r k i n g at t h e A u c k l a n d
M u s e u m H e r b a r i u m ( A K ) it begs t h e q u e s t i o n o f w h e t h e r t h e society s h o u l d c o n d o n e t h e f u r t h e r use
of p s e u d o n y m s in its newsletter.
For t h e r e c o r d , I s t r o n g l y suggest t h a t p s e u d o n y m s (and o t h e r v a r i a n t s o f a n o n y m i t y ) in s u c h a small
b o t a n i c a l c o m m u n i t y a s N e w Z e a l a n d (let a l o n e e l s e w h e r e ) s h o u l d b e a v o i d e d . B y b a n n i n g t h e use of
p s e u d o n y m s all c o n c e r n e d can t h e n learn w h a t p e o p l e s v i e w s are ( w h e t h e r t h e y like t h e m or not)
t h r o u g h h o n e s t a n d o p e n c o m m u n i c a t i o n , will act as a d e t e r r e n t by p r e v e n t i n g potentially d a m a g i n g
c o m m e n t s o n o t h e r s w o r k s , will e n a b l e p e o p l e to e n t e r into s e n s i b l e d i s c u s s i o n o n issues r a i s e d , a n d
lastly, it a v o i d s u n n e c e s s a r y s p e c u l a t i o n as to t h e a u t h o r ( s ) identity(ies).
S o I w o u l d like it n o t e d by all c o n c e r n e d t h a t I h a v e a l r e a d y e n t e r e d into e m a i l d i s c u s s i o n with the
B o t a n i c a l S o c i e t y N e w s l e t t e r editor a b o u t d e v e l o p i n g a flat policy of n o t a c c e p t i n g p s e u d o n y m s . T h e
editor h a s i n f o r m e d m e that m y email w a s referred to t h e N e w Z e a l a n d B o t a n i c a l C o m m i t t e e w h o m
d e c i d e d that they w o u l d "take the q u e s t i o n of p s e u d o n y m s to t h e n e x t A G M . [That] t h e r e w a s
definitely a r a n g e o f o p i n i o n s within t h e c o m m i t t e e o v e r t h e subject. S o e v e r y t h i n g is o n hold until
t h e n . In t h e m e a n t i m e , I s u p p o s e if I g e t a n o t h e r article u n d e r a p s e u d o n y m t h e w h o l e c o m m i t t e e will
v o t e o n w h a t to d o w i t h it". This is u n s a t i s f a c t o r y ; as e v e r y o n e k n o w s N e w Z e a l a n d B o t a n i c a l Society
A G M ' s a r e at b e s t e r r a t i c (we h a v e h a d 3 or 4 in the last 17 y e a r s ) . S o I w o u l d s u g g e s t t h a t a m o r e
s e n s i b l e r e s p o n s e w o u l d h a v e b e e n either for t h e c o m m i t t e e to m a k e a d e c i s i o n o r for t h e society to
vote o n t h e issue o n t h e s a m e c o m m i t t e e n o m i n a t i o n s f o r m u s e d for t h e a n n u a l postal ballot.
Peter J . de L a n g e , S c i e n c e & R e s e a r c h Unit, D e p a r t m e n t of C o n s e r v a t i o n , Private B a g 6 8 9 0 8 ,
Auckland.
Dear Editor,
B o o k r e v i e w s in t h e N Z B S N L c a n n o t b e t r e a t e d lightly. A l t h o u g h t h e N e w s l e t t e r h a s a relatively small
r e a d e r s h i p , it i n c l u d e s t h e majority of p r o f e s s i o n a l b o t a n i s t s a n d d e d i c a t e d a m a t e u r s in t h e country.
B o o k r e v i e w s in t h e s e p a g e s will b e w i d e l y r e a d by t h o s e likely t o p u r c h a s e the b o o k a n d will
i n f l u e n c e opinion a s t o its merits. It w a s t h e r e f o r e w i t h s o m e d i s m a y w e r e a d t h e r e c e n t review of
S e e d s o f N e w Z e a l a n d G y m n o s p e r m s a n d D i c o t y l e d o n s ( W e b b a n d S i m p s o n 2 0 0 1 ) by an
a n o n y m o u s r e v i e w e r w h o called h i m s e l f "Bal Fader". S i n c e w e h a d a l o n g a s s o c i a t i o n with this book,
i.e. t h e r e s e a r c h w a s part of L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h ' s B i o s y s t e m a t i c s of N e w Z e a l a n d Plants p r o g r a m m e
a n d C o l i n W e b b is a R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e at L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h , w e a r e w r i t i n g this letter to clarify a
n u m b e r of points.
G l o w i n g r e v i e w s o f e v e r y book w o u l d b e o f little use to r e a d e r s , a n d h o n e s t d i s a g r e e m e n t about a
b o o k ' s m e r i t c a n b e e x p e c t e d f r o m t i m e to t i m e . W h a t is not a c c e p t a b l e is a litany o f c a r p i n g , nitpicking points u n d e r a p s e u d o n y m o u s a u t h o r s h i p , attributed to a n o n - e x i s t e n t d e p a r t m e n t of a key
scientific e s t a b l i s h m e n t , a n d enlisting, for g o o d m e a s u r e , a fictitious t e c h n i c i a n . W h a t is e x p e c t e d is a
straight f o r w a r d a p p r a i s a l , by s o m e o n e well-qualified to j u d g e , of t h e b o o k ' s merits, p r o b l e m s a n d
overall v a l u e . In t h i s , t h e "Bal Fader" r e v i e w largely fails.
A l t h o u g h m a n y will k n o w by n o w w h o "Bal F a d e r " actually is, there will b e t h o s e w h o d o n ' t , a n d with
t i m e o n e c a n e x p e c t that this "local k n o w l e d g e " will d i s a p p e a r .
T h a t s o m e o b s e r v a t i o n s and
c o m m e n t s m a d e b y " B a l Fader" m a y g e t into t h e literature is u n f o r t u n a t e , e s p e c i a l l y as s o m e of t h e m
are e i t h e r w r o n g or irrelevant.
22
A s all t h o s e w h o h a v e p u b l i s h e d a t e c h n i c a l b o o k k n o w , error is i n e v i t a b l e . It is n o t possible t o m e e t
a n y r e a s o n a b l e publication time-table a n d to g e t e v e r y detail right. O n e c a n only h o p e that s u c h errors
or o m i s s i o n s a r e largely m i n o r o r o f little c o n s e q u e n c e . It might t h e r e f o r e s e e m u s e f u l f o r a r e v i e w e r
to p r o v i d e a detailed list o f all errors a n d o m i s s i o n s n o t e d to g u i d e t h e r e a d e r a n d assist t h e a u t h o r .
H o w e v e r , a l o n g , u n s o r t e d list o f d e t a i l e d errors effectively u n d e r c u t s a n y positive c o m m e n t s a n d t h u s
m i s l e a d s a potential p u r c h a s e r a s to t h e b o o k ' s v a l u e . A n d , in m a n y c a s e s , w h e t h e r a s t a t e m e n t is a n
error o r not is, in fact, often a d i s g u i s e d o p i n i o n o f t h e reviewer. I n d e e d , in t h e " B a l F a d e r " r e v i e w t h e
bulk o f t h e " h e l p f u l " c o m m e n t s p r o f f e r e d a r e either m i s g u i d e d o r i m p r a c t i c a l , a n d w e briefly c o v e r
s o m e of the more contentious below.
1
A s a n y o n e w h o h a s p u b l i s h e d a b o o k k n o w s , material p u b l i s h e d after a certain cut-off d a t e
c a n n o t b e included if t h e w o r k o f getting t h e b o o k o u t is t o p r o c e e d . It is s u r p r i s i n g h o w often
r e v i e w e r s m i s s this basic point, a n d this a n o n y m o u s r e v i e w e r is n o e x c e p t i o n .
2
S t e r e o - p a i r p h o t o g r a p h y w a s s i m p l y o u t o f t h e q u e s t i o n , f o r t w o r e a s o n s . First c o s t , a n d t h e
d o u b l i n g o f t h e n u m b e r plates; s e c o n d , u s e r s a r e u n a c c u s t o m e d to it a n d unlikely to benefit.
3
W e fail to s e e h o w n a m i n g c o l o u r s in a " L a t i n a t e " w a y w o u l d a s s i s t t h e r e a d e r .
4
T h e full index p r o v i d e d in t h e A t l a s will allow t h o s e r e a d e r s u n a w a r e (or u n a b l e t o d e d u c e ) that
Nothofagus
is t r e a t e d in N o t h o f a g a c e a e to find this g e n u s .
5
T h e A t l a s ' s r e f e r e n c e to M o o r e a n d Irwin ( 1 9 7 8 ) is in fact t o their h a v i n g "illustrated fruits a n d
s e e d s in section f o r m a n y N Z g e n e r a " , w h i c h t h e y d o — w h e r e a s B e n t h a m a n d H o o k e r d o n o t .
6
S t e a m ' s "Botanical Latin", w h i l e a c l a s s i c b o t a n i c a l text, d o e s n o t give a full t r e a t m e n t o f t e s t a
p a t t e r n s . A m u c h m o r e helpful t r e a t m e n t is p r o v i d e d by W e r k e r ' s 1 9 9 7 " S e e d A n a t o m y " , t h e
t e r m i n o l o g y in w h i c h is f o l l o w e d in t h e A t l a s .
7
S e e d s a r e in fact d e s c r i b e d in t h r e e d i m e n s i o n s in t h e A t l a s , a s plane o b j e c t s a n d in s e c t i o n .
Latinate t e r m s f o r c o m p l e x t h r e e d i m e n s i o n a l s h a p e s w o u l d n o t h a v e m a d e t h e text a c c e s s i b l e
for m o s t u s e r s .
8
G a r d n e r ' s 1 9 9 7 description o f t h e s e e d o f Macropiper
melchior a s h a v i n g m o r e a n g l e s t h a t w a s
t h e c a s e in t h e material e x a m i n e d f o r that A t l a s is a l r e a d y r e f e r r e d t o in t h e A t l a s text.
9
Bal F a d e r s h o u l d h a v e e x a m i n e d H e a d ' s ( 1 9 9 0 ) d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e fruits o f T h y m e l a e a c e a e
m o r e closely. H e a d rejects t h e w o r k o f t h o s e w h o d e s c r i b e t h e pitted e n v e l o p e a s a n e n d o c a r p ,
a c c e p t s that o f t h o s e w h o r e c o g n i s e d this layer a s o n e o f t h e s e e d c o a t s , a n d in his d e s c r i p t i o n
a c c e p t s t h e s t r u c t u r e as a s e e d a s d o e s t h e A t l a s .
Matt M c G l o n e a n d Ilse Breitwieser, L a n d c a r e R e s e a r c h , P O B o x 6 9 , Lincoln 8 1 5 2 .
PUBLICATIONS
Journal Received
N e w Z e a l a n d Native O r c h i d G r o u p J o u r n a l N o . 8 4 - S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 2
Edited b y Ian S t G e o r g e [ I S S N 1 1 7 0 - 4 5 4 3 ]
O n e original p a p e r is in this issue: C a r l o s A . L e h n e b a c h - Pollination e c o l o g y o f N e w Z e a l a n d o r c h i d s .
CORRIGENDUM
I a p o l o g i z e f o r t h e spelling errors in t h e W e l l i n g t o n B o t a n i c a l S o c i e t y N e w s o n p 8 . F o r t h o s e w h o w i s h
to c o r r e c t their c o p i e s p l e a s e c h a n g e Syzigium t o Syzygium, keikei t o kiekie a n d Leptocphylla
to
Leptocophylla.
Editor
23
•
Tramping Girls O f
Auckland
T h e f o l l o w i n g e m b o d i e s a s o u t h e r n v i s i t o r ' s i m p r e s s i o n s f o r m e d on a w a l k i n g t o u r o f o u r W e s t
Coast during t h e Labour Day w e e k e n d :
T h e h e a v e n s l i f t e d up t h e i r g a t e s a n d o p e n e d a l l t h e i r s l u i c e s ,
W h e n I w e n t f o r t h t o w a n d e r w i t h an O l i v e a n d t w o L u c i e s ;
Rain-laden w e s t e r l i e s blew f i e r c e and r o a r e d among t h e t r e e s e s ,
A lot t h e y c a r e d , t h o s e Amazons, those l i t t l e Herculeses!
F o r t h e s e w e r e h e r o i n e s o f f a m e , n o t s k i l l e d in a r t s c o s m e t i c ,
N o t fussy about hygiene, or f a d s , or dietetic.
While o t h e r girls devote t h e i r days t o tennis, t e a and scandal,
T h e y b r a v e t h e pigs a n d c a t t l e r o u n d t h e s t e e p s o f C o r o m a n d e l .
T h e y ' v e c o u c h e d upon t h e c o l d , c o l d g r o u n d , a n d in t h e f o r e s t b e d d e d ,
I n f r o s t a n d f o g a n d s l e e t a n d s n o w , in p l a c e s d r e a r a n d d r e a d e d ;
A n d as f o r f r i l l s a n d f u r b e l o w s , I ' m s u r e t h e y h a d n o t g o t a n y ,
But t h e y i n s t e a d a r e d e e p l y r e a d in 'ologies a n d b o t a n y .
Although beneath t h e i r l i t t l e b e l t s a d r e a d f u l aching void is,
T h e y t r o u b l e n o t i f t h e y can f i n d C o r o k i a b u d d l e o i d e s .
F r o m t h e i r g l i b t o n g u e s t h e a w e s o m e names c o m e t r o o p i n g w i t h d e c o r u m ,
M a h r a t t i a , B l e c h n u m , A g a t h i s , Panax a n d P i t t o s p o r u m .
They a r e not ignorant o f S c o t t , o f Dickens and o f T h a c k e r a y ,
B u t b e t t e r v e r s e d in m a z y w a y s a c r o s s t h e w i l d W a i t a k e r e ;
P e r h a p s t h e y ' r e n o t e x a c t l y s t r o n g in G i b b o n , B u r k e a n d J o h n s o n ,
B u t know t h e w a y t o a n y w h e r e f r o m H e n d e r s o n o r
Swanson.
They s c u r r y down t h e slippery slopes, t h e i r s c a n t y " d u d s " d e f i l i n g ,
T h e y t r i p , t h e y s l i p , t h e y s l i d e , t h e y f a l l , a n d a l w a y s c o m e up s m i l i n g ;
Regardless o f abrasions d i r e , contusions, cuts and rigours,
W h e n t h e y see a hill b e f o r e t h e m t h e y f l y a t i t like t i g e r s .
To r a g g e d , i n k - b l a c k c l i f f s w e c a m e w i t h t h u n d e r a t t h e i r b a s e s ,
W h e r e leaping b r e a k e r s c r e a m a n d c r a s h in f o a m a g a i n s t t h e i r f a c e s .
W e l o o k e d on leagues o f l e a d e n s e a t h a t f l e e t w h i t e h o r s e s f l y o n ,
T h e Gap, t h e N u n , t h e B l o w h o l e , t h e b e a c h e s a n d t h e Lion.
T h r e e d a y s w e t r a m p e d t h e l o n e s o m e hills b y w i c k e d ways a n d m i r y .
T h e y l i t t l e r e c k e d o f m u d a n d s l u s h , t h e i r s p i r i t s a r e so f i e r y ;
W h a t comrades t h e s e f o r gloomy days, w i t h b o i s t e r o u s gales and rainy,
So b r i s k , so b r i g h t , so b r a v e , so s t r o n g , so c h e e r y , a n d so b r a i n y !
— A r n o l d W a l l , Auckland S t a r , N o v e m b e r 1930
24
The Raven Press Co Ltd.
Christchurch, New Zealand.
ISSN 0112-6865