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Tamandua tetradactyla
MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN THE GIANT ANTEATER(Myrmecophaga tridactyla) & TAMANDUA (Tamandua tetradactyla) A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM PREVIOUS STUDIES 1995 Diniz et al. São Paulo Zoo 2001 Morford and Meyers North America survey 2003 Miranda et al. São Paulo Zoo survey 1964-2003 2006 Miranda et al. Survey of Brazilian zoos © Mehgan Murphy, NZP PREVIOUS STUDIES Top 5 causes of morbidity: Cachexia/Malnutrition/GI Cardiac disease Trauma Sepsis/DIC Pneumonia ©Amiee Stubbs NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY 2004-2015 Giant Anteater 50 Institutions 84% Response Total deaths = 70 Tamandua 38 Institutions 79 % response Total deaths = 64 animals ©Amiee Stubbs GIANT ANTEATER MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP 35" 30" 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" JUVENILE"(0/1"YRS)" SUB/ADULT"(1"/"5"YRS)" ADULT"(5/15"YRS)" GERIATRIC"(15+"YRS)" GIANT ANTEATER MORBIDITY SUMMARY GIANT ANTEATER 0-1 YR MORBIDITY GIANT ANTEATER 1-5 YRS MORBIDITY GIANT ANTEATER 6-15 YRS MORBIDITY GIANT ANTEATER 15+ YRS MORBIDITY TOP MORBIDITIES Infectious Pneumonia Nutrition 1/3 DCM Degenerative Trauma TOP MORBIDITIES Neonate/Juvenile: Trauma Reproductive Subadults: Infectious Adult/Geriatric: Degenerative Infectious Nutritional © Christian Sperka Neoplasia TAMANDUA MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TAMANDUA MORBIDITY SUMMARY TAMANDUA 0-1 YR MORBIDITY ©Amiee Stubbs TAMANDUA 1-5 YRS MORBIDITY ©Amiee Stubbs TAMANDUA 5+ YRS MORBIDITY TOP TAMANDUA MORBIDITIES Degenerative Diseases Cardiac Disease Renal Disease Infectious © Sandy Skeba TAMANDUA TOP MORBIDITIES Neonate/Juveniles: Reproductive disorders Infectious Subadults: Infectious Adults: ©Amiee Stubbs Degenerative diseases Age Group Giant Anteater Tamandua Neonate/ Juvenile Reproductive Trauma Reproductive Infectious Subadult Infectious Infectious Degenerative AdultGeriatric Degenerative Nutritional Infectious Neoplasia Renal Disease Cardiac Disease NEXT STEPS Other surveys Europe Latin America Morbidity Animal Care Manual Research THANK YOU Alexandria Zoo Assiniboine Zoo Audubon Zoo Birmingham Zoo Brookfield Zoo Caldwell Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Dallas Zoo Denver Zoo Detroit Zoo Disney’s Animal Kingdom Fresno Chaffee Zoo Great Plains Zoo Houston Zoo Little Rock Zoo Lowry Park Zoo Memphis Zoo Minnesota Zoo Moody Gardens Montgomery Zoo Nashville Zoo Palm Beach Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Reid Park Zoo Roger William Park Zoo Rolling Hills Zoo Sacramento Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park Santa Barbara Zoo Sedgwick County Zoo Smithsonian’s National Zoo Staten Island Zoo St. Louis Zoo The Wilds Virginia Zoo Woodland Park Zoo Zoo Miami Zoo New England THANK YOU! Northwest ZooPath Rachel Melvin © Mehgan Murphy, NZP MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN PANGOLIN (Manidae), ECHIDNAS (Tachyglossidae) AND AARDVARKS(Orycteropus afer) A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY 2004-2015 Tree Pangolins 2 US Institutions 100% Response Total deaths = 10 Echidnas 14 Institutions 57 % response Total deaths = 6 animals NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY 2004-2015 Aardvarks 16 Institutions 62 % response Total deaths = 14 animals http://www.tbo.com/events-tampa-bay/fourth-aardvark-born-at-busch-gardens-20140905/Text approx 64% were neonates PANGOLINS 8 species 4 African: Cape pangolin, Giant pangolin, Long-tailed, Whitebellied tree pangolin 4 Asian: Chinese pangolin, Indian pangolins, Malayan pangolin Palawan pangolin Mortality in Captivity Lin et al 2015, Hua et al 2015, Yang et al 2007 Nutritional Research Lin et al 2015 http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/news/illegal-pangolin-trade TREE PANGOLINS Causes of Mortality Maladaptation (90%) 6yr Chronic Renal Disease http://www.liveanimalslist.com/mammals/pangolin.php ECHIDNAS McOrist and Smales 1986 Wild: trauma, parasites, bronchopneumonia Captive: Toxoplasmosis, Salmonellosis and exposure SHORT BEAKED ECHIDNAS Causes of Mortality Toxicity (Sulfonamide) (1) Nutritional (Anorexia) Hepatic Lipidosis (2) Degenerative (cardiac) (1) Anatomical (1) Neoplasia (SCC) (1) AARDVARKS Mortalities in captivity ~70% captive-born have required hand-rearing Maternal neglect Maternal trauma Adults: Degenerative diseases Dental problems AARDVARK Causes of Mortality 64% neonates Infectious Disease (50%) Pneumonia 33% trauma Reproduction Adults (2-30 yrs old) Degenerative (OA, mitral valve) Infectious disease Trauma Thromboembolic Dz https://fuzfeed.com/aardvark-week-did-you-know-these-facts/t NEXT STEPS Worldwide Survey Preliminary Data Assess Nutrition & Husbandry Research http://magazine.africageographic.com/weekly/issue-10/pangolin-gallery/ THANK YOU http://www.tbo.com/events-tampa-bay/fourth-aardvark-born-at-busch-gardens-20140905/Text Brookfield Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Point Defiance Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park St. Louis Zoo Toledo Zoo QUESTIONS? ©Amiee Stubbs