37 International Training Course on Regional Development

Transcription

Daily report
37th International Training
Course on Regional
Development
14 May – 24 June 2009
Nagoya, Japan
Nguyen Phuc Thanh
Graduate School of Environment Science
Okayama University
A daily report on
th
37 International Training
Course on Regional
Development
14 May – 24 June 2009
Nagoya, Japan
Orientation
2
Module 1: Sustainable regional development and
Human security
10
Module 2: Environmental Management
24
Module 3: Disaster Management
48
Module 4: Regional Development in Japan
61
Module 5: Living Environment
75
Module 6: Synthesis
96
Appendices
Daily report on “International training course on Regional development” - 1
Orientation
(14 – 17 May)
1. Opening ceremony
2. Development and Sustainability
3. Japan now
4. Tour visit
14 May 2009
Orientation
Instructor: Katsuaki Takai
Time: 10.00-12.00
Venue: UNCRD center
Contents
Welcome activities
Introduction participants, instructor and staffs
Goals and Objectives
9 To increase the insights concerning the development issues in our countries from the
viewpoint of sustainability.
9 To identify new ideas and approaches that is relevant and applicable to our particular
contexts.
9 To understand the prerequisites for making the ideas and approaches understood the
prerequisites for making the ideas and approaches work.
9 To discuss the factors which have made Japan what it is now;
9 To identify and to prioritize the possible ways towards the targets identified and prioritized
the possible ways towards the targets which we consider necessary for our own countries.
9 To learn various methods of dealing with the environment, human s learned various
methods of dealing with the environment, human security, and disaster management
concerns in sustainable regional develop and to acquire the skills to apply them; and
9 To incorporated concrete activities into their individual action plans.
Program and visiting venues in ITC 37 program present in the Figure 1 and Table 1.
Figure 1. Visiting venue in ITC 37 program
Table 1. ITC 37 program
Monday
11 May
Tuesday
12 May
Wednesday
13 May
Arrival
Thursday
14 May Orientation
Opening Session
L: Development and
Sustainability
Briefing on ITC37
21 May
F: Meiho, Gujo City, Gifu
Pref.
Friday
15 May
L: Japan now
Nagoya City Tour
Saturday
16 May
Sunday
17 May
22 May
Reflection on Field Visits
L: Governance & Capacity
Development
Exercise: Integrating HS
Concerns into SRD
23 May
Friendship Programme
(Tentative)
24 May
31 May
18 May
M1: Sustainable Regional
Development (SRD) &
Human Security (HS)
L: SRD & MDGs
L: HS Concept and
Definitions
Exercise: Vulnerable Group
Causes
25 May
M2: Environmental
Management
L: Introducing
Environmentally Sustainable
Transport (EST)
19 May
Exercise: Vulnerable Group &
Causes
Case Paper Presentations
20 May
L: Endogenous Regional
Development
L: Resource Management
and Social Capital
26 May
F: Recyclables Collection
Station near JICA Chubu
Center
L: Concepts and Various
Aspects of 3R/Sustainable
Production and Consumption
27 May
F: Inae Visitor Center and
Wild Bird Center at Fujimae
Tidal Flat
F: Nagoya Plastic Handling
Corp.
F: CPR PET Recycling Plant
28 May
F: Toyota Motor Corporation
F: Toyota Transportation
Research Institute, Aichi Pref.
29 May
F: Leaf Walk Inazawa
F: D. I. D
F: JA Aichi Ama
F: Yatomi Recycling Center
F: Apita Inazawa
30 May
1 June
M3: Disaster Management
F: Maiko High School, Kobe
City
F: Akashi Channel Bridge
F: Kobe Institute for Urban
Research
2 June
F: Disaster Reduction and
Human Renovation Institution
(DRI)
F: HAT Kobe (Tentative)
F: Disaster Management
Bureau, Hyogo Prefectural
Office
Stay in Kobe
3 June
F: Asian Disaster Reduction
Center (ADRC)
Case Paper Presentation
L: Discussion
4 June
M4: Regional Development
in Japan
L: Regional Development in
Japan
F: Nagoya Port Authority
5 June
L: Regional Development in Aichi
pref. (Aichi Prefectural Office)
L: City planning of Nagoya City
(Nagoya City Hall)
6 June
9 June
F: Obuse Town, Nagano
Pref.
10 June
Reflection on Field Visits,
Discussion
Case Paper Presentations
and Discussion Conclusion
11 June
M5: Living Environment
L: Living Environment
16 June
F: Hachiman, Gujo City, Gifu
Pref.
17 June
F: Urban Renaissance
Agency, Kozoji New Town,
Kasugai City, Aichi Pref.
18 June
Reflection on Field Visits,
Discussion, and Conclusion
Stay in Tokyo
19 June
M6: Synthesis
Preparation for Action Plans
20 June
(Preparation for Action
Plans)
21 June
(Preparation for
Action Plans)
23 June
Action Plan Presentation and
Discussion
Conclusion
24 June
Closing
Evaluation Session
Closing Session
25 June
26 June
27 June
28 June
Stay in Kobe
8 June
F: Okaya City, Nagano Pref.
(Move from Okaya to
Nagano)
Stay in Nagano
15 June
L: Citizens’ Participation and
Living Environment
Case Study and Case Paper
Presentations
22 June
Action Plan Presentation
and Discussion
(Move from Obuse to
Nagoya)
(Move from
Nagoya to Kobe)
F: Kyoto
Stay in Kobe
7 June
(Move from
Nagoya to
Okaya)
Stay in
Okaya
(Move from Kobe to Nagoya)
12 June
F: Sumida City, Tokyo
13 June
F: Tokyo Metropolis
14 June
(Move from Tokyo to
Nagoya)
(Move from Nagoya to Tokyo)
Stay in Tokyo
Departure
Development and Sustainability
Instructor: Kazunobu Onogawa
Time: 13.30-16.00
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
Sustainable development: Develop to ensure that it meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs by the present state of technology and social
organizations on environmental resources and by the ability of the
biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities. Sustainable
development factors as the interaction between Social, Economic and
Environment need to develop own solution under the economic, social and environment conditions.
Regional development: made development for the target area. It is a tool to promote balanced
development against the conventional development approach which caused unequal development
results and environmental problems in the world, and to involve local people and community for
development for their own society and region.
Figure 2 show the interactions between social,
economic and environmental factors. In which:
1. From the environment to the economy
9 Economic costs of environmental protection.
9 Productive functions of the environment
(natural resource and sink functions);
2. From economy to the environment
9 Pressures on the environmental resources
from productive activities;
9 Investment in environmental protection;
9 Property rights on natural and environmental
resources.
3. From the environment to society
Figure 2. Interaction between social,
economic and environmental factors
9 Importance of environmental amenities for human welfare;
9 Health and safety hazards from environmental degradation.
4. From society to the environment
9 Pressure on environmental resources from consumption pattern;
9 Environmental awareness of citizens
5. From the economy to society
9 Employment opportunities and living standards;
9 Income distribution;
9 Resources for the financing of social security programmers;
9 Pressure on social and cultural systems leading to disruptions and migrations.
6. From society to the economy
9 Quantity and quality of the labor force;
9 Importance of social arrangements for market transactions.
The concept of regional development includes environmental management, human security and
disaster management to get the improvement of living standard. It presents in the Figure 3.
Figure 3. The concept of regional development
15 May 2009
Orientation
Japan now
Time: 9.30-12.00
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents: introduction about background data and information about Japan to the participants so
that we understand the Japanese regional development correctly during the course.
o General information about Japan
o Japanese society
o Japanese economic
o Japan’s government system
o Environmental problems
Main remarks:
¾ Japan
Island country: 7000 islands (4 major islands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
Total land area: 377 944 km2
Current land use:
Agricultural land: 12.9%
Forest: 67.2%
Water area: 3.6%
Roads: 3.4%
Dwelling area: 4.8%
Others: 8.2%
Japanese system of government: have three-levels structure; National, prefectural and municipal
as following:
Figure 4. Japanese system of government
¾ Society
Population: 127.69 million (as of 1 Oct.2008)
Population concentration:
9 Urban area; 25.7% of total land area
9 50.9% of the total population is in 3 major areas such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya
area
o 27.5% of the total population is in Tokyo area (Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo,
Kanagawa)
o 14.5% in Osaka area (Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara)
o 8.9% in Nagoya area (Gifu, Aichi, Mie)
Rapid Progression of a declining Birthrate and an Aging Society
9 Low Birthrate: Total Fertility Rate (TFR); 1.34 in year 2007. To maintain the
current population 2.08 is needed.
9 Average life expectancy at birth in year 2007, female: 85.99 years old, male: 79.19
years old.
Tax and social security burden rates in year 2005: total 35.9%,
9 Tax 21.5%: National Tax 12.5%, Local Tax 9.0%
9 Social security burden rate: 14.4%
Income is rather high, referred by the Table 2.
Table 2. Income disparities among prefectures in Japan
Distribution of employment by industry (2007)
o Primary industry: 2 760 000 employees (4.2%)
o Secondary industry: 17 500 000 employees (27.3%)
o Tertiary industry: 43 090 000 employees (67.2%)
o Others: 770 000 employees (1.2%)
Education system:
Senior high school: 95% of population
University: 50% of population
Gradate school: 5% of population
Almost people who graduated from senior high school will be trained by companies where
accept them as employee.
Economy: The economy of Japan is the most medium and small-sized enterprises that presents in
the Figure 5.
Figure 5. Proportion of most medium and small-sized enterprises in Japanese economy
¾ Disaster: earthquake
¾ Current environmental issues

Pollution caused by citizens: traffic pollution, domestic drain, noise
Waste problem caused by peoples’ lifestyle
Complex sources of pollution, global environmental issues, dioxin problem, medicine and
food pollution
From anti-pollution measures to environmental measures
9 Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC)
9 Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST)
9 Waste Management (3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
City tour
Time: 13.30-17.00
Nagoya Castle
Nagoya station
Oasis 21
Oasis 21
Module 1
Sustainable Regional Development and Human Security
(18 – 22 May)
18 May 2009
Sustainable Regional Development and Human Security
Time: 9.30-15.30
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
•
Background on emergency of the human security concept in the post cold war period as a
response to emerging conflicts and negative impacts of globalization.
•
Definitions of human security including that by UNDP, the commission on Human Security
(CHS), and the governments of Japan as well as the working definition of Human Security
at UNCRD.
•
Elaboration of the Human Security concept in terms of the policy implementation of a
human security agenda.
Main remarks:
¾ Definition of Human Security by UNCRD, 1994: Human Security was defined into two
main aspects:
9 Safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression.
9 Protection from sudden and hurtful disruption in the patterns of daily life – whether
in home, in jobs or in communities.
Definition of Human Security in Japan:
Human Security means focusing on individual people and building societies in which
everyone can live with dignity by protecting and empowering individuals and communities
that are exposed to actual or potential threats (the new Medium-Term Policy on ODA 2005).
¾ Human Security is development within human-centered, shift from National Security to
People security based on freedom from FEAR and freedom from WANT (Figure 6). This
presented as following:
9 FEAR: Conflicts, Natural disaster, crime, economic crises, Human right violation,
environmental destruction, displacement …
9 WANT: Hunger, poverty, lack of education and health services …
Freedom from Fear and Want are considered by protection and empowerment, which
defined as:
9 Protection: shield people from critical and pervasive threats
9 Empowerment: Enable people to develop their potential to cope with the threats and
secure people’s lives, livelihoods and dignity.
Human Security = “Ensuring secure and safe life”
Figure 6. Two major component of Human security
¾ Seven interrelated dimensions as list of threats to Human Security.
1. Economic Security (unemployment, underemployment, exploitative work, and the
lost of job during a crisis …).
2. Food Security (Deprived access to food and not inadequate nourishment; Poverty or
a natural or manmade disaster; Poor distribution system; deprived access to
nutritious food (containing high levels of proteins, vitamins, and other
micronutrients)).
3. Health Security (Exposure to disease, poor access to health services).
4. Environmental Security (Vulnerability to natural and manmade environmental
threats).
5. Personal Security (Physical violence because of war, crime, domestic violence, or
poor mental health (frequent targets: women and children); Substance (alcohol and
drugs) abuse).
6. Community Security (Lack of communities function as support systems with
common sets of values and identity that enhance the well being of the
members of the community; Traditional communities can result in supportive
or destructive practices).
7. Political Security (Political security is concerned with a society that honors basic
human rights).
Vulnerable group and cause assessment
Sample of matrix:
Dimension of Human
Security
Economic Security
Threat/Risk
(Fear/Want)
Vulnerable
people/group
Program/Projects/Actions
(Protection)
(Empowerment)
Food Security
Health Security
Environmental Security
Personal Security
Community Security
Political Security
¾ Flow chart of Human security project development for sustainable development (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Flow chart of Human security project development
19 May 2009
Country case paper presentation (Myanmar, Sri lanka and Lao PDR)
Exercise, presentation and discussion: Vulnerable group and cause assessment on
Human security matrix (including 10 countries). Vietnam case was presented in the
Table 3.
Table 3. Human security Matrix for Action Plan
Dimensions of
Human Security
1.Economic
Security）
Threat/Risk
(Fear, Want）
- Inequalities
- Unemployment
- Global crisis
- Temporary hiring.
- Exploitation
Vulnerable people/group
- Women- head households,
children, elderly, handicapped.
(Protection)
(Empowerment)
- Livelihood assistance
- Ethnic minority inhabitants
- Unemployment insurance
benefit.
- Entrepreneurs
- Social subsidy
- Unskillful workers
- Demand stimulation
- Training on production
techniques
- Credit provision
- Provision of consultancy services
by experts
- Tax cut off
- Low productivity
2.Food security
- Hunger
- Children, aged people
- Emergency food aid
- Deprived access to food
and not inadequate
nourishment .
- Ethnic minority
- Provision of low-price
production inputs: fertilizer,
seeds,…
- Poverty, natural and
manmade disaster.
- Enhancement of distribution
system
- Poor distribution system.
- National food reservation
- Transferring production
techniques
- Diversification of crop pattern
- Credit provision
- Development of Infrastructure
for production
- Deprived access to
nutritious food
Health security
- Diseases: HIV/Aids,
H5N1, H1N1, malaria etc.
- Women, children,
handicapped
- Planning and strategy for
emergency
- Upgrade healthcare services
- Improvement of healthcare
- High fertility and
mortality
- Low income people
- Health insurance
infrastructure
- Elders
- Health free charge for children
- Education of safe sexual
- Vaccination program
- Improvement of people’s
knowledge
- Poor health services
Environmental
Security
- Limited access to health
services
assessment/prediction/mitigation
- People’s low awareness
Family planning and vaccination
- Pollution: Water, air,
wastes, noise
- Low income people, urban
residents
- Law enforcement, sanction
application
- Disasters: Flood, fire,
typhoon, drought.
- People living in low land
-Emergency aid
- Training on preparation for
disasters
- Farmers
- Forest protection
- Infrastructure construction
- Degraded natural
resources
- Improvement of warming system
and forecast
- Urbanization, industrial
development
5. Personal
security
- Improvement of community
capacity
- Labor force abuse
- Children, orphan children
- Crime
- Women,
- Family violence
- Unsafe food
- Opium addiction
- Building awareness
- Poor people
- People without jobs
- Enhancing social order and
security
- Law enforcement
- Provision of family and
marriage consultancy services
- Awareness education
- Provision of job opportunities
- Vocational training
- Gender education
- Movement of cultural family and
village
6. Community
security
- Faded tradition
- Ethnic people
- Completing legal framework
- Building management capacity
- Conflicts
- Poor people
- Enhancing awareness
- Declined power
- Less privilege people
- Reinforcement of community’s
involvement in development
activities
- Decentralization in natural
resource management
- Building cultural infrastructure
- People living in frontier area
- Sanction imposing
- Citizens working abroad
- Negotiation, bilateral
cooperation, multilateral
cooperation
- Accumulation of historical
evidences
- Lacked legal recognition
- Stratification
7. Political security - Corruption
- Border depute
- Regional political
depression
- Recovering traditional culture
- Following international
declarations
20 May 2009
Endogenous Regional Development
Time: 9.30-12.30
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
•
To understand the regional development approaches and strategies in Japan
•
To understand how rural development has been done in Japan
•
To understand what problems were recognized and solved
•
To discuss the endogenous regional development approach in the context of Human Security
Main remarks:
¾ Two types of regional development approach:
o Endogenous regional development: Process of regional development promoted by
the initiative of the local people using local resources based on local culture,
traditional, and skill. (Towards sustainable livelihood).
o Exogenous regional development: Process of regional development promoted by
governments utilizing outside resources with legal controls, technical innovation,
etc. (towards rapid industrialization).
Moreover, mix of two approaches used to regional development (see Figure 8)
Endogenous regional development
measures utilizing local resources
Exogenous regional development
measures utilizing outside
Utilization of local resources based
on local culture, traditions and skills.
(Only one)
Creation of new local industries/
revitalization of existing ones
Pursuit of a circular flow of local
economic activity
Conservation and regeneration of
local environment by local people
Utilizing outside resources with
legal controls, technical innovation,
Community empowerment/revitalization
Figure 8. Combination of two approaches
Endogenous regional development is the first step for sustainable regional development. In which,
the ownership of the local people and organizations (citizens, local governments, business
enterprises) within the local resources, culture, social capital, etc. are utilized. In cooperation with
outsiders is performed to persevere, utilize, and create for capacity development as well as
sustainable society.
Three principles for Endogenous regional development are “Local yet Global” (first is local market,
next is global market), “Self-reliance creativity” (design, implementation and management by local
government – not national government), and “Human resource development” (Human life are
center and target of development). Their interaction is shown in the Figure 9.
Figure 9. Three principles for Endogenous regional development
Japan’s experiment was very successful by model “one village one product movement” started 1961
in Oyama Town, Oita Prefecture. Moreover, many communities (villages) applied successful above
model as:
¾ Case study: Boosting the town’s economic under the leadership of Mayor for developing of
Tokachi wine (Ikeda Town, Hokkaido prefecture).
¾ Case study: Community revitalization through female entrepreneurship (Meiho-mura, Gifu
Prefecture)
¾ Other cases: Yufuin, Oita pref. (healing hot spa), Yubari Melon, Declaration of Minamata
City as an environment city, Landscape preservation in Obuse Town, and Ecotourism in
Yakushima Island
The factors for success include:
•
Local leaders: 3 types of leaders are required:
o Leader with planning ability
o Leader with coordinating ability
o Leader with PR ability
•
Support system by town Government: Formulation of ordinance on urban
development for affluent environment.
•
People’s participation: sharing concept
However, outcome of development projects is human resource development.
Resource management and social capital
Time: 14.00-17.30
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
•
To understand relationship among sustainable livelihoods (SL), resource management (RM),
poverty, and vulnerability
•
To understand factors affecting people’s livelihoods through the SL framework
•
To discuss ways to bring change in bureaucracy to promote decentralized, engaged RM
Main remarks:
Natural resource has the relationship to the sustainable livelihoods, poverty, and vulnerability.
Natural resource become products after production, it is as important asset for livelihoods.
Livelihood is sustainable when it:
• Can recover from external shocks and stresses;
• Does not depend on external support to be viable (or if it does, the support is economically and
institutionally sustainable)
• Can maintain the long-term productivity of resources; and
• Does not undermine or compromise the livelihood options of other people
Sustainable livelihood factors include: Economic, Social, Environment and institutional (see)
1. Economic Improvement (new/alternative technologies, finances, training, product
development, marketing, processing, mini-infra).
2. Environment/Resource Conservation (replanting, animal husbandry, fish rearing, cleanup, protection, conservation, recycling, composting)
3. Community Empowerment (mobilization, workgroup, cooperative, education, access to
information, credit group, network of villages, SMEs, health, gender, leadership training,
vocational training)
4. Institutional Improvement (including culture): (good governance, supportive land and
forest related policies, secure land tenure, market environment, organizational
arrangement, value system, attitude, tradition/custom, religion, public infra, information)
Figure 10. Keys for sustainable livelihood
Resource management and social capital based on asset ownership and
management of Human, Natural, Financial, Physical and Social at individual,
household, community levels, etc.
Case analysis of “Conflict Resolution and Livelihood Improvement in the Pred Nai Village in
Thailand”
21 May 2009
Fieldtrip
Meiho (Gujo City, Gifu Pref.)
Objectives:
(1) To learn how to improve Meiho region and solve their agenda,
(2) To understand the strategies of regional development using the third-sector companies,
(3) To understand what is “Michi-no-eki”,
(4) To know examples of third sector enterprises, “Mieho Ladies Corp.”, and
(5) To understand the future direction of Meiho region from the government drive to the
community drive.
Introduction:
Meiho is located in the northern mountainous part of Gifu Prefecture. With
the rich natural environment, the village has been making efforts to take the
most advantage of local resources.
Former Meiho Village established the following five third sector company
to expand employment opportunities for villagers and to activate
development in the region in terms of regional industrial development and
tourism.
(1) Meiho Tokusanbutsu Kakou Corp. (specialty product processing –
Manufacturing and sale of processed meat products)
(2) Meiho Kogen Kaihatsu Corp. (Highland development - Ski resort)
(3) Meiho Onsen Kaihatsu Corp. (hot spring development - providing hot
spring water to spa facility)
(4) Meiho Masters Corp. (Michinoeki (Road Station) “Meiho” Coffee
shop and restaurant management and sales of local products and
gifts, Meiho Kogen (Highland) - Barbecue restaurant management,
Meiho Berg Cottage - Accommodations facility management
(5) Meiho Ladies Corp. (Processing and sales of agricultural products)
These companies account for 25% of the whole employed population in the
village, and the business management is doing well. Recently the initiative of developing town has
been shifting from the government to community step by step.
Meiho Tomato Ketchup is made from fully ripened Momotaro tomatoes cultivated with great care
in high-altitude cold areas with a marked temperature difference during the day. The ketchup
simmers slowly with care and attention in a kiln. The production process and seasoning are all
manually done for delicious taste. The secret is also the ketchup is free of additives and coloring.
Achievements:
9 Create employment
9 Seasonal employment during winter for part-time farmers and forester group
9 Increase in the number of visitors to Meiho district and ripple effect
9 Agricultural promotion by utilizing agricultural products
9 Increase of population
9 Providing motivation in life to the elderly
Factors behind the success: (endogenous regional development)
9 The community worked together to take an approach holding a clear strategy to boost
village economy (social capital)
9 Reassess and utilize the products and asset that is hidden in their surroundings (local
resources), newsy topic (set up a business only women)
Visit the factory
Group question and discussion
22 May 2009
Governance and capacity development
Time: 9.30-17.00
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
¾ To understand what is Good Governance
¾ To understand the relation between Human Security and Engaged Governance.
¾ To understand what is Capacity Development
¾ To learn how Capacity Development connects human security.
Main remarks:
Governance is:
9 The systems or the rules for consensus building, exercising political authorities, the use of
resources, decision-making and accountability;
9 The entire systems and the management
・Cooperation between governments (central/local), private (enterprise/citizens)
・Decision-making among stakeholders
To get the rules, processes and acts which make politics, economies and social systems work
properly.
Elements of Governance:
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Right administration and policy
Correspond with the voice of
people and needs
Effectiveness and efficiency of
administrative function
Accountability
Transparency
Disclosure of
information/Sharing information
9 Corruption is minimized
9 Rule of law
9 Participation
9 Others
Capacity Development: “The process by which individuals groups, organizations, institutions and
societies increase their abilities: to perform functions solve problems and achieve objectives; to
understand and deal with their development need in a broader content and in a sustainable manner”
Source: UNDP, 1997.
Governance and Poverty problem: Indicator of six dimensions
1. Voice and Accountability
2. Political stability and Absence of violence
3. Government Effectiveness
4. Regulatory Quality
5. Rule of law
6. Control of corruption
Improving governance to ensure human security and Capacity Development focused on:
1. Empowerment of vulnerable people.
2. Accountability system and mechanisms.
3. Improvement of the access to basic economic and social services, efficiency and
sustainability.
4. Increasing economic opportunities through promoting the access to the market.
5. Policy/ Institution measures to protect people from economic crisis, corruption, crime
and violence.
Module 2: Environment Management for Sustainable
Regional Development
(25 – 29 May)
1. Introducing Environmentally Sustainable Transport (ETS)
2. Concepts and Various aspects of 3R/Sustainable production and
Consumption
3. Field trips
Daily report on “International training course on Regional development” ‐ 24
25 May 2009
Introducing Environmentally Sustainable Transport (ETS)
Instructor: Choudhury Rudra Charan Mohanty
Time: 9.30-17.00
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
•
To increase awareness on various socio-economic and environmental issues linked to
transport sector;
•
To gain insight on various strategic elements towards promoting environmentally
sustainable transport;
•
To gain insights in the major achievements towards promoting environmentally sustainable
transport;
•
To discuss opportunities to build strategies/work plan for initiating relevant activities at
national/regional level;
Main remarks:
Fundamental elements of EST:
Local elements:
9 Protect public health, environment, and address social issues such as equity, poverty
9 Sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources
9 Tolerance limit for human health and natural ecosystem should be respected
9 Minimization of economic
degradation/pollution
loss
by
traffic
congestion
and
environmental
Regional/global elements:
International obligations and actions (under UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, WHO Charter
on Transport, Environment, and Health (1999), etc.) on issues like climate change, acid
rain, etc.
Key considerations under ETS
9 Economic productivity
9 Social sustainability
9 Social equity for all
9 Quality of urban area environment and life
9 International obligation
15 integrated components of road safety (C. Melhuish, ADB) (see Table 1)
Table 1. Integrated components of road safety
Factor affecting vehicle emission
¾ Vehicle/fuel characteristics based on Emission Standards and Regulations:
o
European
o Japanese standards
o US EPA
o Some other countries have adopted good standards for 2/3 wheelers
In-use vehicle standards:

Diesel vehicles – PM/smoke, and NOx

Gasoline vehicles - CO, HC, and NOx

2/3 wheelers - CO, HC, PM/smoke
Ö Inspection and Maintenance enforcement application
Ö Cleaner fuels
Ö Road-side Air Quality Monitoring
¾ Fleet characteristics (distribution of transport)
Ö Public Transport Planning equate Transport Demand Management
Ö To reduce the total volume of traffic
Ö To promote effective shifts towards more sustainable modes of transport.
¾ Operational characteristics
Ö Non-Motorized Transport
Ö Traffic noise management
Ö Environment and People Friendly Transport Infrastructure
3 fundamental strategies to reduce GHG emission and pollution from vehicles:
1. Avoid: avoid or reduce travel or the need to travel
2. Shift: shift to move environmentally friendly modes
3. Improve: improve the energy efficiency of transport modes and vehicle technology
Country’s paper case presentation: India, Viet Nam
26 May 2009
Concepts and Various aspects of 3R/Sustainable production and
Consumption
Field visit: Visiting recyclables collection station
Instructor: Sayaka Iizuka
Time: 8.30 – 9.30
Venue: Near JICA Chubu center
Contents:
9 To know more about waste generation, separation, storage, collection at resident areas.
Waste plastic bag
Waste separation guideline
Waste storage
Waste collection
WASTE MANAGEMANT And 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Instructor: Yukiko Yoshida
Time: 10.30 – 17.00
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
9 Increased vision and awareness on various aspects of 3R.
9 Gained insights on the importance of changing production and consumption patterns and
promotion of 3R.
9 Provided with an overview to come up with a work plan for initiating relevant activities at
national and regional levels.
Main remarks:
¾ Key Features of Waste
1. Basic and general law for waste management is needed.
2. Specific legal systems for each special waste according to its characteristics are
needed.
3. Useful to have 3R concepts built into the legal system in order to establish
environmentally sound waste management and sustainable development.
4. Role of local governments is the key.
5. Practical collaboration at the local level is critical to establish a “material cycle” or a
“loop” of waste resource
¾ 3R promotion
9 Reduce - choosing to use things with care to reduce the amount of waste generated.
9 Reuse - involves the repeated use of items or parts of items which still have usable
aspects.
9 Recycle - means the use of waste itself as resources.
Waste minimization can be achieved in an efficient way by focusing primarily on the first
of the 3R, "reduce," followed by "reuse" and then "recycle."
The concept of 3R present as Figure 1 and the resource efficiency as Figure 2.
Figure 1. Concept of 3R
Figure 2. 3R and Resource efficiency
The keys to make 3R work:
9 Relevant laws and regulations on waste management.
9 3R concepts built into laws & guidelines.
9 Clarification of stakeholders’ roles.
9 Awareness of key stakeholders → active involvement.
9 Involvement of industries is critical (e.g., E-waste).
9 Making sure that it “circulates”
The domestic policies to implement 3Rs (current measures in Japan)
Case analysis procedure: Brainstorming on how to “reduce” and “recycle.”, the example is as
following:
Figure 3. Example of case analysis procedure
Country’s paper case presentation: Viet Nam
Group discussion on assignment
Participants’ presentation
27 May 2009
Field visit: Inae visitor center and Nagoya
Wild bird observation center
Time: 9.30 – 12.00
Fujimae, a tidal flat area left untouched in the middle of the industrial zone of Nagoya Port, is one
of Japan's largest stopovers for migratory birds. On the tidal flat live large numbers of crabs,
lugworms and small fish that form the diet of the birds. The tidal flat is a vital resting area for
migratory birds to get needed nourishment after their long flights.
The Fujimae Tidal Flat
The Cycle and Functions of Life
-The Ecosystem of a Tidal Flat-
Regarding to urbanization and industrialization, Nagoya City with population of 2,240,000 and 326
km2, is recognized as one of the three major cities in Japan. In February 1999, after abandoning a
project to build a landfill at the Fujimae Tidal Flat because of opposition from the citizen, Nagoya
City proclaimed “Emergency announcement for waste reduction” and requested the citizens for
support and cooperation in waste reduction to prolong the life of the existing landfill site.
Due to the great understanding and support of the citizens (both individual and businesses) and
City’s efforts, amount of waste was reduced drastically in two years. Since then, Nagoya City has
been striving to become an “Eco-friendly capital”. In this sense, the Fujimae Tidal Flat is a point of
origin for the City’s new environment policy.
Outcome of “Emergency announcement for
waste reduction”
Waste recycling activities of citizens
Projects for waste reduction (plastic bags and used cooking oil)
Observation to the Fujimae Tidal Flat – we can
see many kinds of birds, ducks, etc.
Good sightseeing of the Fujimae Tidal Flat
Field visit: Nagoya Plastic Handling Copany
Time: 13.30 – 15.00
The factory was established in August 2000 to do interim treatment of all plastic (containers and
packages) collected within the City. Collected plastics are future sorted to pure plastics and
impurities, compressed and packed into the form which is easier for recycling.
Achieved Targets: Learn more how to sorted plastic waste are gathered in to one place, what kind of
interim treatment is necessary before actual recycling, and on Japan’s Plastic container and
packaging law.
Figure 4. Diagram of process
Factory building
Plastic bags waste collected
Factory process
One kind of product
Figure 5. Factory facilities
Field visit: CPR Factory No. 1
Time: 15.30 – 17.00
CPR factories products PET flake, PP pellets and solid fuels from the plastic containers and
packaging including PET bottle that have gone through the interim treatment by local government.
Factory No.1 produces transparent PET flakes only from transparent PET bottles, while factory
No.2 produces colored PET flakes, PP pellets, and solid fuels from colored PET bottle and other
plastic containers and packaging.
PET flasks are sold mainly to textile companies to produce goods such as carpets, clothes, and etc.
Achieved Targets:
9
9
9
9
9
Learning how PET bottles are recycled,
what kind of products can be produced from waste plastic, and
How the companies procure resources and ell its products.
Learning Japan’s plastic waste management
Plastic containers and packaging law.
Flow of PET bottle recycling
Flow of PET bottle recycling
Input material
Output products
Factory’s facilities
Group photo
28 May 2009
Field visit: Toyota Motor Corporation
Time: 9.30-12.00
Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world-wide leading companies which implement advanced
environmental management at every stage of automobile production.
The company has been actively involved in environmental issue since 1960s and tries to reduce
environmental impact from the production of automobiles and contribute to environmental activities
in oversea countries.
The company has been registering for ISO 14001 certificated since 1996.
Company’s current environmental activities cover environmental management including as:
Life cycle assessment
Environmental cost management
CO2 reduction
Automobile recycling
Oversea initiatives for nature preservation, plantation, environmental education,
and environmental technology transfer.
They received the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
Global 500 Award in
1999.
o
o
o
o
o
They have providing grants to research activities, environmental NGOs etc. in order to promote
environmental improvement and preservation programmes related to sustainable development.
As a global green leader, TOYOTA pays the highest possible attention to information
dissemination, continuous improvement of environmental management, and support for
environmental activities in developing countries.
Toyota exhibition hall
High technique products for friendly
environment
Manufacture activities
A plug-in hybrid vehicle
(being recharged using electricity from a
photovoltaic generation system)
Field visit: Toyota transportation Research Institute
Time: 13.30-17.00
Toyota transportation Research Institute (TTRI) was established 1991 jointly by Toyota City,
Toyota Motor Corporation and other private sector companies to serve as a foundation conducting
“practical” study and research on “urban traffic and transportation”.
TTRI has explored many appropriate policies and planning practices towards a more sustainable
city and urban transportation system.
TTRI is the only and unique research institution in Japan that was established jointly by public and
private sectors for conducting study and research on “urban traffic and transportation”. So that,
TTRI play importance role in the field of the study and researches on areas that have not been
covered by academic research by institution, agencies in Japan and overseas.
Learned targets:
9 The role of transportation system in sustainable regional development
9 Major factors to be taken into account in transportation planning
9 The impacts of transportation improvement in sustainable regional development
9 Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
9 Transportation policies of city
Lecture:
1. Sustainable Transportation Strategy by Prof. Katsutoshi OHTA, Director general
2. Intelligent Transportation System by Dr. Ryosuke ANDO. Director of research Department
Technical visit: Toyota City center area and IST information center “Michi-NAVI TOYOTA”
Bicycle parking
Information guide
Public bus
Direction guideline
Ideal road (increasing sidewalk and decreasing
main road)
Parking utilizing DSRC (Automatic information
the free position for parking)
29 May 2009
Field visit
Place:
1. Leaf Walk inazawa (Uny’s Shopping mall)
2. D.I.D. Composting plant
3. JA Aichi Ama
4. Yatomi Recycling center
The purpose of this field visit is to learn how “local circulation food recycling loop” take concrete
form and how a retailer can takes part in environmental activities which are also economically
viable.
Field visit: Leaf Walk Inazawa
Time: 9.30-11.00
Leaf Walk Inazawa, one of uny’s newest sgopping malls with the concept of environment- and
people-friendly shopping mall which can assimilate into the community. At this shopping mall, we
observed a) stores’ thorough waste separation, b) Waste storage, and c) facilities of the eco-friendly
store.
Compostable waste collectiong, sepapration and storage at Leaf Walk Inazawa shopping mall
Each waste discharge material was weighed and
stick a label (containing information about kind
of waste and weigh) on the packaging before
keeping in the storage
Store room with air condition
Waste transfer to the Composting plant
Vegetable sale in the Leaf Walk Inazawa
shopping store, That used composting like
fertilizer
Recycling facilities at shopping store (including
guideline how to separate and modify, poster
illustration for recycling flow and useful
products)
A new recycling facility at shopping store for
plastic bag separation (transparency and other)
Useful recycling products as chair and floor
Bio-plastic container, which made from corn and
recyclable
Field visit: D.I.D. Composting Plant
Time: 11.15-12.00
Food waste within and around Ichinomiya City is carried to this plant to be recycled into compost.
We learn the process of composting and special features of compost made from food waste.
Feedstock for composting plant
Composting plant
Outcome of composting plant
Composting final product
Container circulation which was cleaned and dried
Field visit: JA (Japan Agriculture Cooperation) Aichi Ama and farmers
Time: 13.30-15.00
Farmer of JA Aichi Ama uses the compost which D.I.D. products from food waste. We visit JA
Aichi Ama office and Green Center (farm shop) to meet the farmers who actually produce
vegetables using the compost and taste the vegetables grow by them.
Vegetable was utilized compost from D.I.D.
composting plant
Meeting with farmers at the their farm
Vegetables and flowers at green center (farm shop) that utilized compost as fertilizer
Lunch at JA with green vegetables grown by
farmers using compost
Group photo with JA staffs and farmers
Field visit: Yatomi Recycling center
Time: 15.30-16.30
Containers and packaging collected at Uny’s shops are carried to this Yatomi Recycling center for
interim treatment for further recycling. We learn what kinds of container and packaging will see its
selling floor and see how these products are sold and how consumers react towards them.
Containers and packaging recycling facilities at the center
Module 3: Disaster Management for Sustainable Regional
Development
(1 – 3 June)
Field Visit
Maiko high school
Kobe Institute for Urban research
Disaster reduction and human renovation institute (DRI)
Earthquake recovery project
Disaster management Bureau
Asian disaster reduction center
UNCRD Hyogo office
"Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster"
o
o
o
o
o
o
Occurred Time: 5:46 a.m. on January 17, 1995
Scale: 7.3 on the Richter scale
Dead: 6 434
Injured: 43 792
About 250 000 totally or seriously damaged
Over 310 000 evacuees
1 June 2009
Field visit: Maiko High School
Instructor: Seiji SUWA
Time: 9.30-12.00
Venue: Maiko High School
Contents:
¾ Learnt about the disaster management activities of the Department of Environment and
Disaster Management as a model case of disaster education.
¾ Learnt about the past, present and the future activities in disaster management by the
students.
¾ Communicated with the students on disaster management in their countries and cities
through group discussions with teachers and students.
Main remarks:
Maiko high school:
9 One of the prefectural high schools in Hyogo prefecture, Kobe City.
9 The first high school in Japan to establish a department of Environment and Disaster
Management within its curriculum.
9 The department provides opportunities for student to learn about disaster through various
forms of education.
9 Lecturers from various institutions including universities, national and international nonprofit organizations teach various disaster mitigation and management strategies deployed
would-wide.
9 Education opportunities on disaster management are provided for students outside the class
as they attend workshops, conferences on disaster management hosted by related national,
international organizations.
9 Students play an importance role for future leaders of society on the disaster management of
national and international level.
9 School was structured as rescue place of this community when earthquake occurs. Where
has many expert people in the field of disaster mitigation as students and teachers (see
Figure 1), and energy independence by solar system (see Figure 2).
Figure 1. Practice rescue activities showed by students
Figure 2. Solar system for electricity generation on the top of school
Figure 3. Group photo
1 June 2009
Field visit: Hokudan Earthquake Memirial Park
Time: 13-16.30
Venue: Hokudan Earthquake Memirial Park
Contents:
¾ Hokudan-Town Earthquake Memorial Park
is on the west coast of Awaji Island just
south of Kobe. This museum and park is a
memorial to the people who died during the
January 17, 1995 Magnitude 6.9 ("Great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster").
¾ We have learned many and varied lessons from that unprecedented experience.
¾ It is preserved and displayed as a live education tool in an effort to transform our frightening
experience in to future power.
Close-up of the buckled road
An illustration of damaged earthquake
A display in the excavated trench across the
fault
Offset path of damage earthquake
Figure 4. Illustrations of damaged earthquake
2 June 2009
Field visit: Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institute (DRI)
Time: 9.30-11.30
Venue: Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institute (DRI)
Contents:
¾ A presentation about Transfer of live experience and lesson of catastrophic disaster by Hiroshi
Tajihi.
o 3 principal viewpoints:
9 Candidate Efforts: individual efforts, Mutual-help efforts, and Government
efforts
9 Priority Target: Life, Living and Community
9 Priority Activities: Emergency response, relief to recovery, and reconstruction
o Local government play importance role
o Transfer live lessons to the world and the next generation
o DRI’s activities
1. Museum exhibit
2. Collection, preservation of material and documents
3. Training of disaster management practitioners
4. Action research on DRI and development of DRI professional
5. Assistance in disaster response
6. Exchange and networking
¾ Visit the Museum exhibit of DRI: World’s largest DRI education museum as:
o The impact of the earthquake by photographs, video, illustration tool or
games.
o Material exhibit of earthquake
o Presentation by Kobe-earthquake victims on community-based recovery
The Earthquake’s tremendous power and
devastation are described on a large screen
using dynamic audio-visual effects.
Scenes immediately after the Earthquake are
reproduced using dioramas.
Documentary program is shown that describes
how communities and residents have worked
for reconstruction.
Earthquake-related items and records are
displayed together with remarks by contributors
regarding their experience of the Quake
The condition just after the earthquake and lives
of people and cities during recovery from the
earthquake are explained by messages and
graphic images (dioramas).
Movies about what happened during and after
the Quake are shown and Earthquake survivors
talk about their experience.
2 June 2009
Field visit: Takatori Community Center
Time: 13.30-14.30
Takatori Comunity Center, was the center of Takatori Catholic Church's volunteer work after the
Great Hanshi-Awaji Earthquake of 1995, is in an area where 10% of the residents are of foreign
nationality. As time passed, the activities of the center evolved from those of providing emergency
support to those of a center for groups active in multi-cultural coexistence activities.
The Center is made up of a network of 7 groups involved in working to create a new community
where people with different languages, cultures, races, nationalities, etc. can live together as equals.
1. Community Radio Station FM YY
FM YY, from immediately after the Earthquake, has continuously provided foreign
residents in the community with essential disaster-related information and information on
everyday needs in many languages and broadcasts its message of "multi-cultural
coexistence and humane community creation" in 8 languages.
2. Leaf Green
The group's activities involve work to support the independence and self-help of families
with elderly people, handicapped people and children through home help, a transportassistance service and childcare support activities.
3. Tour de Communication
Using computers and video, the group works to support citizens' activities, community
activities and minorities' independence activities.
4. NGO Vietnam in Kobe
This is an NGO group run by Vietnamese people themselves which is involved in various
activities to help Vietnamese living in Japan to live in communion with local communities.
5. Multi-Language Center FACIL
The group translates information which the local foreign community needs, provides
interpreters which are needed in everyday situations, and promotes a multi-language
environment in the community, as well as translation and interpreting services for foreign
residents, government offices, medical facilities and local businesses.
6. Asian Women's Empowerment Project
The group is working to help create a society where women can be independent and support
themselves with the family and do not have to depend on leaving the home (migrating or
emigrating) to find work.
7. World Kids Community
The group works to help improve the environment in which children of foreign residents
who have lived in Japan long periods are surrounded by.
While each group works in its own specialty field - providing information in various languages,
education, IT related activities, working with the elderly, helping handicapped people be
independent, activities in the foreign residents' community (foreign residents' self-help) - at the
same time, there has been an increase in the number of projects in which the groups have shared
their knowledge and personnel.
Engagement at the centre community with four
languages (Japanese, English, Vietnamese and
Chinese)
Guideline for waste discharge with four
languages (Japanese, English, Vietnamese and
Chinese)
Public area have been cleaned by residents
Sharing the religion together
2 June 2009
Field visit: Kobe Institute for Urban Research (KIUR)
Instructor: Yuichi Honjo
Time: 15.00-17.00
Lecture on: Lessons learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake case by
Kobe
Contents:
1. About Kobe City
2. The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake damages (total damage-approximately 7
trillion yen)
Emergency responses:
• Rescue activity
• Medical service (temporary Shelter)
• Water and food delivery
• Temporary house and any other supports are required
3. Kobe City Recovery plan
2-stage plan formulation:
1st stage:
9 Indicate a direction of recovery in a form of guidelines
9 Discussion was held with a limited number of experts
9 A high-level proposal was issued as quickly as possible
2nd stage:
9 Based on the guidelines, details of plan were discussed
9 Discussion members were selected from a wider range of fields (100member committee)
9 Select a symbol project which provided a framework of recovery
Special goals of the recovery plans:
Recovery “Citizens’ life”
1. Securing high-quality housing
2. Developing a living environment compatible with the local area’s
character
3. Upgrading health/medical care and welfare services
4. Preparing a good nurturing atmosphere for our children
Recovery the “Vitality of the City”
1. Revitalizing industry
2. Restoration Port
3. Development of transportation networks
Recovery the “Appeal of Kobe”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Campaigns to advertise Kobe’s restoration
Promoting culture activities and sport that provide recreation for citizen
Creation a more international city
Creating a more communication-oriented community
Creating an environmental friendly city abundant in water and greenery
Promote “Community creation by working together”
1. A kind and gentle community built through close cooperating among its
people
2. Creating a unique and attractive community
3. Promoting creative volunteer activities
4. The recovery projects
5. The comprehensive recovery assessments in the 5th and 10th year from
the Earthquake
3 June 2009
Field visit: Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
Lecture: Introduction about Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
Time: 9.30-11.30
Place: UNCRD Hyogo Office
Introduction about ADRC:
The Asian Disaster Reduction Center was established in Kobe, Hyogo prefecture, in
1998, with mission to enhance disaster resilience of the member countries, to build
safe communities, and to create a society where sustainable development is possible.
The Center works to build disaster resilient communities and to establish networks
among countries through many programs including personnel exchanges in this field.
Main activities:
9 Information sharing: Learning from disaster, benefiting from
information
o Provision of disaster information
o Promotion of Global INique Disaster IDEntifier (GLIDE) number
o Organizing International meeting
9 Human Resource Development: Disaster reduction begins with capacity
building
o Organizing seminars, workshops and trainings on disaster
reduction
o Program for inviting visiting researchers from member countries
9 Building Communities Capacities: Community involvement is a key to
effective disaster reduction
o Development and dissemination of tools for encouraging
community involvement
o Assistance for the activities of Asian disaster reduction and
response network (ADRRN)
Country case paper presentation: Bangladesh (Time: 11.40-12.30, UNCRD Hyogo Office)
Lecture: Discussion and supplementary explanation on the module
9 Instructor: Shoichi Ando, Coordinator of UNCRD Hyogo Office
Hayato Nakamura, Edward Y. Sumoto, UNCRD Hyogo Office
9 Time: 13.30-15.30
9 Place: UNCRD Hyogo Office
Contents:
9 Reducing vulnerability of school children to earthquakes
Objectives:
o Mainstreaming gender sensitivity into community based disaster
management and to initiate development of community disaster
management plans
o Enabling the local communities to incorporate disaster risk
reduction into development activity
o Evaluating effectiveness of the community based disaster
management and to disseminate good practices to other disasterprone countries
o Strengthening the concept of community based disaster
management and regional development
9 Gender in urbanization and community based disaster management
Objectives
o To ensure the seismic safety of schools through retrofitting of
school building, disaster education and training of teachers and
students
o To build safe communities through demonstration of school
retrofitting, training of masons and technicians, community
workshop, and education campaigns.
o To disseminate a culture of safe schools and safe communities
through regional and international workshops.
9 Housing earthquake safety initiative
Objectives:
o To raise awareness on the importance of implementing building
safety regulations effectively to reduce risk of life and property
losses caused by earthquakes
o To develop policy recommendation on improving the safety of
house, particularly that of traditional house
o To develop capacity of national and local government officials to
implement building safety regulations effectively.
Module 4: Regional Development in Japan
(4 – 10 June)
1. Lecture: Regional Development in Japans
2. Field visit:
Nagoya
Nagoya Port
Aichi Prefecture Office
Nagoya City Hall
Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture
Obuse Town, Nagano Prefecture
3.
Reflection on the field visit
4 June 2009
Lecture: Regional Development in Japans
Time: 9:30-12:30
Venue: JICA Chubu
Contents:
9 To understand the regional development approaches and strategies in Japan
9 To understand how Japan has developed nation
9 To understand what problems were recognized and solved
9 To discuss the regional development approach in globalization
Main remarks:
9 Two types of approach in regional development; Endogenous and Exogenous regional
development
9 Modernization and industrial promotion of Japan
9 Postwar reconstruction
9 Regional development policy- Comprehensive national development plan
Regional Development in Japan
¾ Endogenous Regional Development (EnRD):
Process of development promoted by the initiative of local people with the use of local
resources based on local culture, traditions and skills. (Towards a sustainable livelihood)
¾ Exogenous Regional Development (ExRD):
Process of development promoted by the governments utilizing outside resources with legal
controls, technical innovation, etc. (Towards a rapid industrialization)
¾ Mixed of two approaches
Learn about regional development in Japan through the history of country development. That
presents in the following table.
– Enrich the country & strengthen the military
– Increase production and promote industry
Four major industrial zones
Development of the industrial base
Agriculture-based economy
Since 1868
Meiji
Restoration
(Shogun System
Emperor
system)
Since 1946
Post war
– Priority production system
reconstruction
Coal, iron, and steel, electricity and fertilizer
Rural population: 60%
(Emperor
system Popular
sovereignty)
1951～196
Comprehensive
– 22 Major Water Systems
0
development for
river systems
1962 -2005
Comprehensive
National
Development
Plan
– Dam development; electric power, soil & water conservation,
water, cities, agriculture, industry, service
– Industrialization (heavy chemical industry)
– Technical assistance by the developed countries, time of loan
– Rapid rural-to-urban migration (urbanization)→ until beginning
of 1970’s
+
I
%
2006 -
New National
Land
Sustainability
Law
Development Æ Utilization, conservation
Decentralization, Engaged Governance
Self-help, mutual assistance, public assistance
Sustainable Regional development: regionally well balanced
development consist of industry, culture & tourism, traffic &
information and communication, disaster prevention, land &
resources, environmental conservation, welfare, new public
4 June 2009
Field visit: Nagoya port
Instructor: Katsuaki Takai, Junji Hattori
Time: 13:30-17:00
Introduction:
The Port of Nagoya has grown to encompass a vast land and water area which falls within the
jurisdiction of Nagoya, Tokai and Chita Cities, along with Yatomi City and Tobishima Village. The
total volume of cargo handled here annually amounts to more than 208 million tons, which is the
top of volumes in Japan.
The Nagoya Port Authority is a special local government organization that was jointly established
by Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya City in 1951 as a managing body to administrate, operate, and
develop the port of Nagoya. Its main functions are: 1) to formulate port and harbor plans and
execute construction and improvement works for port facilities; 2) to maintain, administrate, and
manage the port area and ensure facilities in good operating condition; and 3) to instruct operations
needed for the use of the port. In addition to the reinforcement of port facilities, efforts are being
made to create a port attractive to both tourists and local citizens alike, and to promote international
understanding through sister/friendship port ties and various exchange programs with other ports.
Visit Nagoya port community
Meeting with Port Operations Department and visit the
port by ship
Visit port facilities
Visit Nagoya Public Aquarium
5 June 2009
Field visit: Aichi Prefecture
Time: 09:30-12:00
Introduction:
Aichi Prefecture, located in the very heartland of Japan, forms one of Japan's three metropolitan
areas, along with Tokyo and Osaka. The feature of Aichi is that industry, commerce, and agriculture
have all developed in good balance. Aichi's total production accounts for approximately 1% of the
global economy. In each of the 30 years since 1977, Aichi has ranked first in Japan in term of total
manufacturing output.
Historically as well, Aichi has prospered as a vital point for traffic between the eastern and western
areas of Japan since long ago, contributing to Japanese culture. Today, the people of Aichi enjoy a
high quality of life with respect to social welfare, education, culture, and recreation.
In 2005, the Expo 2005 Aichi Japan and the construction of Central Japan International Airport
have completed. Now Aichi is putting all of its effort to realize further development on new
infrastructure and concepts.
Lecture on:
(1) Summary of Aichi Prefecture Regional Development Plan
(2) The Development and Aichi Prefecture Regional Plan
(3) Aichi’s Policies for Internationalization
Country’s paper case presentation: Japan
Meeting with Aichi Prefecture government
5 June 2009
Field visit: Nagoya City Hall － City Planning of Nagoya
Katsuhiko Gotou, Director, Planning Department, General Affairs Bureau
Hidefumi Suzuki, Chief, City Planning Division, Housing and City Planning Bureau
Mr. Hideo Nakata, Director, Planning Division, General Affairs Bureau Participants’
Speech
Time: 13:30-17:00
Objectives:
(1) To pay a courtesy call to Director, Planning Department, General Affairs Bureau of
Nagoya City;
(2) To know the city planning of Nagoya City; and
(3) To observe a city hall.
Introduction:
The municipal area of Nagoya City is about 326 square kilometers and the population is
approximately 2,200,000. Nagoya City has recognized three important roles as being the pivotal
city of the Chubu Region, as one of the major cities on Japan’s Pacific coast, and as an international
city, and is constantly promoting the policies needed.
In Japan, the age of urbanization, in which cities have developed and expanded rapidly, is ending
and the era of social maturity has arrived. Taking account of sustainable development, Nagoya City
will be managed in a way that offers greater convenience through utilizing existing urban
infrastructure.
Lecture on: Urban infrastructure of Nagoya City
•
•
•
•
•
Policy of City planning
Urban development by land readjustment
Collaboration with citizens
Utilizing exiting urban infrastructure
Eco-capital
Meeting with the Nagoya City government
Visit the city hall (government meeting room)
8 June 2009
Field visit: Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture (Medium city)
Time: 9:00-12:30
Okaya City is located in the heart of the Japanese archipelago, on the North West banks of Lake
Suwa. Across the lake, you can see the magnificent Yatsugatake "Eight Peak" Mountain Range and
the beautiful Mt. Fuji far in the distance. The changing seasons color this basin most exquisitely.
The spirit of enterprise is first nature to the people of Okaya. And various kinds of industries have
arisen over the years. About 300 years ago during the Edo Period, Okaya began the production of
raw silk, and in the early 20th century using its climatic advantage and abundant water, made a
great contribution to the nation by bringing in foreign currency. "Silk Okaya" was a world brand.
After the Second World War, the silk industry was replaced by the precision machining industry,
offering high-quality cameras, watches and other products to the world.
Okaya developed as an industrial city and was known as "Silk Okaya" and "Switzerland of the
East." As a magnet for super precision processing technology, the city is now forming into a super
device production area.
One of the major corporations in the area is Soode Nagano Corp., which engages in precision
pressing and produces information and communications products, automotive products, and
electronic components.
Okaya city is known as:
Inland area surrounded by mountains
Not adequate to heavy industry
Developing high value and small products
Industrial transition flexibility
Cooperation among city government, industry and academia
Lecture on: Industrial transition and characteristics of Okaya City
Industrial promotion policy
Facilities in Techno Plaza Facilities in Techno Plaza – Okaya
Meeting with Local government of Okaya City
at the Techno Plaza Okaya
Designing and manufacturing og machinery and
equipment
Industrial production of Okaya City
Techno plaza Okaya (exhibition hall with automatic facilities – chair arrangement)
Move from Nagano to Obuse town, 14.30 – 16.00
9 June 2009
Field visit: Obuse town (small town)
Time: 9:00-12:30
Obuse town
Obuse Town is located on the Northeast of Nagano City which is the capital of Nagano Pref., along
the Chikuma River, and surrounded by the Japan Alps.
It prospered as key junctions of trade along the Chikuma River and Osasa Trail between Niigata
Pref. and Gunma Pref. especially in the late Edo Period, 19th century. At that time, wealthy
merchants often invited artists and intellectuals to foster their rich culture. Among them, there was
the Obuse-do family, a chestnuts sweet shop owner, who invited the renowned painter, Hokusai,
who is now featured at the museum in this town.
Now this town attracts many people with its beautifully landscaped streets and good chestnut
sweets, and Obuse city is promoting to make beautiful streets.
Obuse town successful is known by factors as:
Formation of a landscape, friendly environment
Community-Driven development with supporting town government
Distribution of products with local fruits
Strengthen and develop “Obuse” brands
Development of Museums
Key person
Meeting with local government
Sightseeing in obuse town (Especially, sidewalk
tile by local wood)
Local volunteers share interested information,
introduction of Obuse town
Every house in this area is garden for visited
tourist
Shopping Central of this area, where sell local
products and for rent of services. It is the main
income earning of this community
Sharing impressions with the media
Move from Obuse town to Nagoya, 14.30 – 17.00
10 June 2009
Group discussion and presentation
(Based on 03 field visit cases: Large city – Nagoya City, Medium city - Okaya, and Small city –
Obuse town)
Time: 9:00-17:00
NAGOYA CITY (Large City)
We discussed on following contents:
Land Management
9 Zoning
9 Development control
9 Integrated space utilization
9 Reclamation
Efficient Transport System
9 Construction of wide road: 100 meter-wide road SAKAE
9 Ring road
9 Arterial road
9 Subway railway system
9 Efficient bus lanes
9 Sea port and airport development
Improvement of public facilities
9 Museum, castles, temples
9 Housing sites
9 Proper water supply system
9 Demarcated parking
9 Market, shopping mall, park, kiosks
9 Pools, landscape views
Culture Preservation
9 Cultural festivals,
9 Reconstruction of Nagoya castle
9 Construction of the TV town, Oasis 21 etc.
9 Several artistics in park and streets
Environmental Management
9 Promotion of 3 R project
9 Pollutions controls
9 Promotion of greenery
9 Water treatment
9 Community Involvement
Challenges
9 Overcome use and throw culture
9 Increase percentage of English speaking
9 Overcome depopulation and aged population
9 Reduce CO2 emission
Lessons Learnt
9 Decentralization system
9 Good foresight of Nagoya City Government
9 Supporting roles of citizens to government
9 Proper approach to involve citizen’s participations
9 Responsive administration
Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture (Medium city)
Industrialization of Okaya City
1750: Handicraft production of silk
1865: Silk-reeling Industry by appliance
1885: Major production area of silk
1925: Steep fall in the silk market. Invention of chemical fiber. Decline of silk industry
1935: Attraction of enterprises. Attraction of educated factories. Accumulation of machine
industry
1945: Conversion of military factories to non military uses of machine industry. A major
cluster of precision machinery industry
1990: Bubble economy burst. IT revolution. Digitization. Companies set up operations
overseas.
Promoting four strategies:
1. Human Resource and Skill building
Enhancement of designing technique and scale
Succeeding of skills
2. Business and Organizations building
Sifting to manufacturer
Fostering entrepreneurship
3. Sites and Opportunities building
Infrastructure construction
Business partnership
Network center (Techno Plaza Okaya)
4. Funds and Stability building
Industrial technology promotion fund
More details:
1. Promotion of technology
2. Promotion of academic-industrial alliance
3. Promotion of small and medium sized enterprises (Funding, Ordering, Human
resource, Successor training etc.)
4. Incentives for promoting industry
5. Enhancement of management advisory office for small and medium sized
enterprises
6. Industrial Promotion Center (Techno Plaza Okaya)
7. Support for globalization
8. Incubation project
9. Interaction between Industrial areas
10.Ensuring appropriate measuring instruments
11.Employment promotion
12.Workers support
13.Others
The industrial prospects as following:
Strategies
¾ Formulating a major production area of the super device and parts.
¾ Strengthening small and medium sized enterprises
¾ Developing industrial vitalization centre
¾ Promoting industries
¾ Okaya industries promotion fund.
Challenges
¾
¾
¾
¾
Young generation is not interesting in this field, introducing new working conditions.
Rapid changing Global technology and demands.
Competition among the other countries.
Environment hazardes.
Conclusion
¾ Government gives subsidies for SMEs and short and long term subsidies for housing loans
to promote industrialization of Okaya.
¾ Community discussions with the city administrators made the city one of the smart network
cities in Japan. Therefore, though it is a medium city, from 1990 population is increasing
day by day to have a better life.
¾ Okaya became ideal place for living by
9 Subsidy for housing loans,
9 Loan of living fund,
9 Strengthened fostering of welfare groups,
9 Promoting the use welfare facilities,
9 Counseling and
9 Employment promotion like recruiting of young staff & re-employment promotion
for middle age people.
Obuse town (small town)
Milestones of achievement
• Development of comprehensive plans
• Obuse guide Center provide tourist and public information
• Production and merchandise of Obuse branded local farm produce
• Established of A La Obuse Co., company with 26 million yen.
• A tourist town with 1.3 million visitors a year
• Management of Obuse Station “Rokusai-sya” which provides tourist information, bicycle
rental and lectures.
• Operating a Local Currency Research Center.
• Operation of Shinkin Gallery
• Publication of “Obuse-fuu” newspaper
• Establishing Obuse club for community activities.
• Lively and interactive town,
• Nationally recognized town not only in tourism but its way for regional development
(Awards)
• During the 30 years many company supporters have become citizens of Obuse Town
Outstanding challenges
• Small budget for example 4,400,000,000 yen in 2008 compared to other cities.
• Inadequate interaction between citizens and tourists
• Ageing population
• Inadequate land for agriculture
Recommendations
• New policy on population expansion
• Policy on renting of idle land for farm expansion
• Lobby for extra resources from central government and as well attract new investors for tax
collection
• Promotion of interactive activities between the citizens and tourists
Conclusion
• Machizukuri was an awakening strategy,
• Inspired leadership a facilitating factor for Obuse development,
If you have money gives the MONYE
If you have no money give IDEAS
If you have no ideas do HARD WORK
• Committed community of Obuse Town,
• Strong historical foundation a source of tourist attraction
Country’s paper case presentation: Colombia, Ethiopia and Uganda
Module 5: Living Environment for Regional Development
(11 – 18 June)
1. Lecture: Living environment
2. Lecture: Citizens’ participation and living environment
3. Lecture: Case studied in Asian countries
4. Field visits
a. Sumida, Tokyo
b. Hachiman, Gujo city, Gifu Prefecture
c. Urban Renaissance Agency (UR)
5. Reflections on field visits
11 June 2009
Lecture: Living environment
Time: 9:30-12:30
Venue: JICA Chubu
Learned objectives:
9 To understand the concept of living environment
9 To understand how to analyze the living environment
9 To discuss the measure to improve living environment
9 To understand the housing policy
Contents:
9
9
9
9
9
Five Principles of living environment
How to make a good living environment
Machizukuri
Building guidelines and Housing supply policy
Case study of Singapore (CPF)
Main remarks
Living environment: The whole aggregation of facilities and local society that surround housing. It
includes:
Residential Environment
Natural Environment
Conditions of Facilities
Local society
Principles of Living Environment:
1. Safety: Safeguarding the life and the wealth.
2. Health: Keeping physical and mental health.
3. Convenience: Eliminating the inconveniences in daily life.
4. Amenity: Ensuring a pleasant and wealthy life.
5. Sustainability: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The order of principles of living environment is presented as Figure 1.
Sustainable
Figure 1. The order of principles of living environment
How to make a good living environment? How to make a good living environment?
① Diagnosis (analysis of the present situation to identify problems)
② Goal setting (decision on the basic strategy to solve the identified problems)
③ Identification and formulation of means (decision on, and designing thereof, a variety of
specific policy instruments to apply to the solution of the problems)
④ Implementation (execution of the formulated means)
⑤ Evaluation of the results of implementation
2
1
5
4
3
Survey of existing circumstance
9 Land and Housing survey
9 Person trip survey
9 City planning basic survey
Current conditions and the future of population scale, site of the urban area, and
land utilization etc.
9 City planning road survey
9 Existing housing and living environment demand survey
9 Living environment diagnosis
Planning facilities for urban expanding development:
Master plan type Master plan type (top down Æbottom up)
9
9
9
9
Urban plan
Housing supply plan
Environment plan
Disaster prevention plan
Community indicator program type (bottom up)
9
9
District plan
Machizukuri plan
Machizukuri: Machizukuri means activities and efforts made mainly by residents and/or
community-based organization (CBO) in partnership with governments, experts, and private
firms in order to improve their living environment, enhance its vitality and attractiveness,
and finally increase the well-being of residents based on utilization of local capacities and
resources available.
Urban Planning Area
Area Demarcation:
9 Urbanization promotion area
9 Urbanization control area
Land Use Restrictions
9 Land use zoning (12 types)
9 Building coverage ratio
9 Floor area ratio
9 Height
9 Structure of the buildings etc.
The housing supply policy in Singapore (the flow procedure as Figure 2)
9 The most part is the public housing (The most part of the private housing is high-class
residence.)
9 Supply planning, design, development, management of the public housing are implemented
by the Housing and Development Board (HDB, a special financially independent
corporation of a subordinate organization under the National Development Department).
9 HDB is authorized to purchase compulsorily the land necessary for development of the
housing by the Land Acquisition Act.
9 The housing construction fund loan is supplied at a low rate of interest from the National
Development Fund, and furthermore the annual deficit of HDB is compensated by the
government subsidy.
9 The most of the housing is of a type of the new town high-rise apartment (mostly sold in
lots).
9 Price of the newly built housing to be sold in lots is determined by the Government in
consideration of the housing acquisition ability of the people.
9 Reserve money of the Central Provident Fund (CPF) is appropriated for the housing
purchase fund.
Figure 2. The housing supply policy in Singapore
Move from Nagoya to Tokyo, 15.30 – 17.30
12 June 2009
Field visit: Kyojima District, Sumida City, Tokyo
Time: 9:30-17:00
Learned objectives:
(1) To learn how to improve the living environment at Kyojima District with a high
concentration of wooden houses
(2) To think about how to revitalize the old part of a metropolitan area
(3) To know community development projects at Kyojima District through stakeholders’
participation
(4) To observe the field of “Machi-Zukuri”
Contents:
Introduction
Sumida City in Tokyo Metropolis is surrounded by rivers and grew as an industrial area from the
Meiji Era because of its advantageous location for transportation. Industries such as spinning,
precision industries, soap and shoemaking, toy manufacturing and rubber product thrived. However,
in the Great Kanto Earthquake on 1 September, 1923, the southern part of the city was almost
entirely destroyed by fire, and about 48,000 people died. Although the city recovered, it was almost
entirely destroyed again by fire during World War II, with many more people losing their lives.
In 1947, Honjo merged with Mukojima, and Sumida City was born. After that, many homes and
factories were built in the ravaged area, and Sumida City recovered as an industrial city. As Japan
entered its high-growth period from 1955, Sumida City continued to expand. The population
reached its peak in 1963, however, with factories moving away from the city, the number of people
living here has decreased, leaving an increasingly aging population.
Lecture
Lecture on development projects at Kyojima District, Sumida City
Lecturer: Mr. Susumu SHIMAZAKI, Sumida City Government at Machi-Zukuri Centre
Interaction with Mr. Kaoru NOMURA Chairman of Community Development Conference and Mr.
Masaaki FUJII former Chairman of Community Development Conference
Lecture on rainwater utilization facilities in Sumida City
Lecturer: Mr.Makoto MURASE, Sumida City Goverment
Kyojima’s Current Situation and Problems
(1) The aged houses stand close together on soft ground. Because of the urban sprawl, there are
many narrow streets and blind alleys. In case of Table 1. Road distribution in Kyojima District
a major disaster, the district would be at great
risk.
• When residential lots were developed by
reclamation, there remained sawdust.
Therefore, the ground is not firm. Also,
as farm alleys and irrigation channels
were converted to streets, 56 percent of
all streets are less than 4 m wide. Private
streets are more than half.
• There were 3,365 houses (2,084 buildings) in the district as of December 1998, including
2,512 aged houses the rate of which was 74.7 percent.
• According to the report titled “Report on Regional Degree of Danger of Earthquake”
published by Tokyo Metropolis on March 1998, Kyojima district is the most dangerous sin
Tokyo.
(2) Although the population is steadily decreasing, the population of the aged (65 years old or
older) is increasing, presented in following table.
3) The number of the small factories that constitute the main part of the district industry is
decreasing.
• The number of enterprises is decreasing for every industry. The number for the
manufacturing industries among those is decreasing dramatically.
• Change in number of enterprises by industry type
(4) Private reconstruction of building is difficult because of small lots or no fronting on a road lots,
complicated rights relations, and low funds.
Main Projects for urban development of this district
1) Acquisition of sites for the community development
2) Widening of roads
3) Construction of community housing
4) Green tract development
5) Construction of rainwater tanks
6) Construction of conference hall
7) Support and promotion of rebuilding
Challenges and Problems while conduct projects
While at the beginning of the Kyojima District Community Development Project, aims of the
project were not thoroughly understood by the residents, the residents have since understood them
and have cooperated for 10 years to remarkably achieve the project.
However, the current rate of fireproof houses is about 34 percent. This condition is quite dangerous
when a big earthquake strikes. The project has to be promoted strongly to realize a safe living
environment.
Therefore, some main daily service roads to be developed intensively with the highest priority were
designated as important roads in conjunction with the revision of the project plan due to the renewal
of this project period in order to complete reconstruction of the infrastructure of the district as soon
as possible.
To reinforce the disaster protection functions of the district, it is expected for the residents to
remove and rebuilt their aged houses on their own initiative. To establish a system that is able to
introduce good measures for rebuilding, it is necessary to study various systems to promote the
rebuilding project as well as to make the best use of the existing project measures.
Congested old wooden houses and prone to fire
hazard
Narrow roads in Kyojima District
Un completion of road expending
Utilizing rainwater in the district
Risky electricity network (in middle of road and
above old wooden houses)
15 June 2009
Citizens participation and Living Environment
Instructor: Nana Urakami
Time: 9:30-10:30
Learned objectives:
9 To deepen understanding of the significance of citizens’ involvement in activity for living
environmental improvement.
9 To gain a useful understanding of participatory approaches and methods in Japan.
9 To share and exchange knowledge, insights, and experience on citizens participation with
each other.
Main remarks
Concept of Machi-Zukuriin Japan
Machi-Zukurimeans activities and efforts made mainly by residents and/or communitybased
organizations (CBOs) in partnership with governments, experts, and private firms in order to
improve their living environment, enhance its vitality and attractiveness, and finally increase the
wellbeing of residents based on utilization of local capacities and resources available.
Stakeholders in Machi-Zukuri
9 Individual residents
9 Neighborhood associations
9 Community-based organizations (CBOs)
9 Local and municipal government
9 Assembly members
9 Private companies
Flow of Machi-zukuri activities presented in following figure
Machi-Zukuriin implementation by Citizens’ participation
(1) Establishment and observation of rules/agreement
9 Voluntary rules/agreement
9 Building agreement based on
9 Building Standard Law
9 Green preservation agreement
9 based on Urban Greenery
9 Preservation Law
9 District plan based on Urban
9 Planning Law
(2) Participation in
9 (a) Infrastructure improvement and construction work and/or
9 (b) Operation and maintenance (road, parks, etc.)
The machi-zukuri partnership shown in following figure
Limitation of Resident Participation
9
9
9
9
Limited access to financial resources and technical know-hows
Difficult and time-consuming consensus building
Biased participation of residents
Biased interests and scope of Machi-Zukuriactivities
15 June 2009
Case studies in Asian countries
Cases of Slum Upgrading & Community Empowerment by
Kampung Improvement Programme (KIP) - Indonesia, Urban Community Development Office
(UCDO) - Thailand
Instructor: Nana Urakami and Katsuaki Takai
Time: 10:30-15:30
Place: JICA Chubu
Learned objectives:
9 To deepen understanding of the significance of citizens’ involvement in activity for living
environmental improvement.
9 To gain a useful understanding of participatory approaches and methods adopted by CODI
in Thailand, KIP in Indonesia.
Main remarks
Kampung Improvement Programme (KIP) case:
Planning and Implementation Processes
9 Community survey to identify problems and needs
9 Establishing the Kampung Improvement Committee (KIC) and plan formulation
9 KIC submits a plan with application for subsidies from the city government ( Cost sharing:
50%-50%)
9 Approval of the plan
9 Joint implementation of the plan
9 Operation and maintenance of community facilities and services
9 Follow-up activities
Success Factors
1. Community-based Organizations (CBO): household, neighbor, organizations (youth,
women, etc.)
2. On-Site Improvement
o
o
Avoiding eviction (Eviction throws the people into confusion and relocation takes away job
opportunities from them.)
Step-by-step approach: Awareness building, consultation, negotiation, and consensusbuilding – Encouraging the low income people to participate in the KIP process.
3. Visible Project Benefits: The basis for people’s participation
o
o
o
Clear ideas about the benefits and costs of KIP
Immediate benefits
Benefits accrue to everyone in the community
4. Participation and partnerships
o
o
o
o
Flexibility
Continuity
Partnership
Assurance of the participatory bottom-up process (integration of people’s ideas and skills in
the plan)
Thai Slum Upgrading and Community Empowerment
Urban Community Development Office (UCDO), established in 1992: is a new approach to solve
the problems of speed of slum & squatter emerged are faster than speed of housing provision
Role of UCDO
9 Promote establishment of saving and credit groups, cooperatives and their financial
networking, for communities to gain the ability to solve their own problems
9 Loan the small money to low income residents for improving their old houses and living
environment and income generation etc.
9 In 2000, UCDO was merged with rural development fund to become the Community
Organization Development Institute (CODI). CODI manages various funds for the
development of the community organizations in rural and urban areas; which illustrated as
following flowchart:
An example of slum upgrading program: Bann Mankong project:
9 Mechanism of Bann Mankong Program as following figure:
9 Providing Flexible Financial Support for City-wide Upgrading by Communities wide as
following
Key Issues Learned
1. It must be It must community driven process enabling community organization to work
together as a unit and collectively
2. Community savings and credit as key factor enable community to manage finance for their
own upgrading
3. City City-wide slum upgrading enable communities and municipalities to work together as
more equal partner municipalities and to achieve overall upgrading plan together, solving
eviction problems together as a team. Using city-wide wide upgrading to build new
partnership between upgrading communities, municipalities and development actors.
4. Horizontal learning and sharing among communities and cities, exchange visits, events
bringing several and cities, groups to be involved
5. Flexible community development fund to support flexible development process by various
groups with various creativities.
6. Channeling development fund directly to organized community with sufficient support
7. Boosting communities to go beyond physical upgrading causes. Using upgrading process to
restructuring social organization, financial capacities, welfare and management capacities.
Country case paper presentation by participants: Mongolia, Vietnam
16 June 2009
Field visit: Hachiman, Guji City, Gifu Prefecture
Time: 9:30-17:00
Learned objectives:
9 To learn how to improve and conserve the historic townscape,
9 To know examples of water utilization system of community development, and
9 To know cooperation systems for city planning and Machi-Zukuri.
Introduction
Hachiman is located almost the center of Gifu prefecture. The built-up area, where the Nagara River
and its tributary Yoshida River run, consists of two districts which are commonly called “Kitamachi” and “Minami-machi” which literally mean “ North town” and “ South town”. Kita-machi
has a historic district while Minami-machi has a center of commerce and a district with many health
or culture-related facilities. Waterways are utilized in many ways such as firewater, common wash
places, etc.
In 1984, new Hachiman Comprehensive Plan was formulated with the basic concept of making the
town “Home of Water, Dance, and Heart” positioning water as the center of community planning.
And also various projects for city planning to promote sustainable community development and
conserve historic heritage were deployed. These projects are considered as successful cases in
coordinating citizen participation, or the process of involving citizens in public administration, and
utilization of local resources.
Basic concept of city planning
1. Town that makes the best of blessing of water.
2. Town with the castle and mountains.
3. Town that makes the best of what we have now.
4. Human-friendly town with priority given to pedestrians.
5. Town with priority given to treasuring the feeling of welcoming people.
6. Lively and active town
7. Discuss with all the residents and decide by each district.
Historical town conservation rules
① Align Align “building height.”
② Align Align “wall surface position.”
③ Harmonize Harmonize “building design.”
④ Standardize Standardize “colors.”
⑤ Standardize Standardize “signboards.”
⑥ Refurbish Refurbish “facilities and equipment.”
Landscaping standard
The height of building is restricted according to landscaping.
(1) Landscape conservation region: 11.0
m or lower or lower
(2) Landscaped region: 14.5 m or lower
(3) Commercial landscape region: 18.0 m
or lower
(4) Natural landscape region: 14.5 m or
lower
(5) Regular landscape region: no limit
Color standard for buildings, etc. (Munsell color system)
Both brightness and chroma: 3 to 5.
Categories
9 Landscape construction category
9 Landscape workmanship category
9 Landscape activity category
Landscape awards were granted four times in the past times (once every two years)
9 Construction category: 15
9 Workmanship category: 4 cases
9 Activity category: 5 organizations
Landscape Award screening project has been implemented since 1995.
Committees of Community- based Organizations:
9
9
9
9
Water way committee – To maintain and manage service water for betterment of city
Scenery committee – To plant flowers and plantation and conversation of mountains
Ryurakuan management committee – To operate souvenir shop by local residents
Building conservation association – To formulate town conservation rules
Meeting with the local government
Meeting with community-based
Organization (CBO) leaders
Water way system around village that
created pocket parks landscape attracting
tourist
Natural landscape attracting tourist
Visit the planed area
Many facilities as restaurant, shopping mall,
service, and local product supply for tourist
activities
17 June 2009
Field visit: Urban renaissance Agency and Kozoji New Town, Kasugai
City, Aichi Prefecture
Time: 9:30-17:00
Learned objectives:
9 To understand Japan’s new town development policy to prevent unregulated urban sprawl
and living environment degradations caused by population inflow due to urbanization;
9 To learn about how the new town has been developed through stakeholders’ participation;
and
9 To study land readjustment as a method
Introduction
Kozoji New Town, the largest public housing complex in the Chubu Region, was constructed to
prevent urban sprawl from Nagoya City into its suburban area and to direct settlement of a resident
population. A population of 50,000 resides in this new town and still growing as the multifunctional urban area of residence, business, work, and academia and schools. Kozoji was
developed with the method of land readjustment and it has been the model project for other national
large-scale development projects such as Kohoku New Town in Yokohama City, Kanagawa
Prefecture.
The New Town accommodates stores, banks, sporting facilities, and cultural facilities, as well as
nurseries and medical care facilities. Parks in harmony with the surrounding nature are allocated
here and there, to secure a favorable life amenity. In the northern part of the New Town, business
locations are also reserved to attract research institutions and manufacturing companies.
Contents:
Characteristics of the New Town
1. Cars on the dale side, and people on the Ridge side
2. Apartment buildings radiating from the Central Area
3. All service facilities centralized in one place
4. Natural parks for preserving the current environment
5. Inviting I service industries in the Town
Overview of new town
Resident area with house in the big building
Living environment in resident area
Entertainment center for children and elderly
Communities have school, shopping mall and many other facilities
18 June 2009
Reflection on field visit: Discussion and presentation
(Based on 03 visit places)
Time: 9:30-17:30
Case: Kyojima District, Sumida City, Tokyo
The main discussion points:
Observed Current situation and problems:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Narrow roads in Kyojima District
Congested old wooden houses and prone to fire hazard
No pedestrian walkways and incompletion of road expanding
Risky electricity network (in middle of road and above old wooden houses)
Private ownership of land limiting city development
Machi-zukuri spirit not strong coupled with likely failure of enabling/ enforcing legal
framework
7. Disaster potential
8. No evidence of vibrant CBOs
Observed achievements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Promotion of rainwater harvesting
Creation of pocket parks for relaxation and rescue
Environmental conservation
New Plan areas to improve the current situation
Consultation with local people
Public community housing
Observed attempts to modernize city ( widening of roads)
“Machi-Zukuri Information Circulation for disaster prepardedness and ongoing projects”
is regularly published for the purpose of information sharing
9. Guideline for the residents such as: a kinder and better city for the people, a kinder and
better city for the region, and a kinder and better city for the environment
Proposed recommendations
1. Re-planning the city with community involvement i.e Road widening with pedestrian
walkways, construction of permanent houses, Relocation of electric lines.
2. Political leadership needs to come up with a strong machuzukuri approach to community
improvement.
3. Increase pocket park and greenery areas in all areas of the city
4. Increase Investment of the housing infrastructure as a replacement of the wooden houses.
5. Review the land tenure system to enable local govt. access land for housing and road
expansion,
6. Enforce a faster approach to city re-planning rather than persuasion
7. Continuous discussion and consultation between local government and citizen
Conclusion
1.
2.
3.
4.
Strong leadership is a vital tool for machizukuri
Local government plays important role for planning of urban development
Community cooperation is key sustainable environmental living.
City planning should proceed development otherwise re-planning is costly and time
consuming.
Case: Hachiman, Guji City, Gifu Prefecture
Project Goals or key features of city
9 Promotion of wisdom in water utilization to make ‘City of Water’
9 Preserve culture to make ‘City of Dance’
9 Preserve historical buildings to make ‘City of culture and traditions’
9 Preserve mountain scenery to make ‘City of landscape and mountains’
9 Conversation of town to make ‘Historical town of Japan’
9 Promote sustainable community development to make better sustainable living environment
Stakeholders
9 Machizukuri Associations and individuals
» Project inception, management, implementation
» Consensus building through various forums (workshops), awareness raising
» Fund raising
9 Town Government
» Coordination and integration of community plans
» Funding (partially)
» Hardware Road improvement and other infrastructure
» Conflict resolution
Project management
9 Managed by community in close coordination with local govt. through formation of:
» Water way committee – To maintain and manage service water for
betterment of city
» Scenery committee – To plant flowers and plantation and conversation of
mountains
» Building conservation association – To formulate town conservation rules
» Ryurakuan management committee – To operate souvenir shop by local
residents
Living environment
9 Safety – very much secure
9 Health – Guaranteed
9 Convenience – No any type of inconvenience to residents
9 Amenity – Proper roads fire fighting arrangement and washing place at doorsteps
Challenges
9 Involvement of young people in to community participation
9 Establishment of legal networking of community associations at town/prefecture/national
level
Lesson learnt
9 Optimum utilization of natural resources for up gradation of town and better living
environment
9 Through active community participation town government has made this city as ‘City for the
people, by the people, to the people’
Case: Kozoji New Town (Kasugai City, Aichi Pref.)
Background of Kozoji New Town Construction
9 Economic Recovery
9 Population migration to urban area
9 Acquirable Large-scale public land
9 Good traffic condition like JR Central Line
9 Plenty of water source thanks to Aichi service water system
9 Calm hilly area enable to provide good living environment
9 To prevent urban sprawl from Nagoya City its suburban area and to direct settlement of
a resident populations
Advantage of the Project
9 More national and prefectural land than other places considered.
9 Direct access from kozoji to Nagoya by the Chuo Line of Japan National Railways.
9 Which had a plan of electrification in the near future.
9 The trunk line of Aichi Waterway schedule to go through the district.
9 A hilly area which could be effectively used for large scales residential development.
9 Reasonable land prices despite of the favorable conditions.
Implementation of the Project
• Master Plan
& Land use plan
& Transportation Plan
& Facility Construction plan
& Residential density planning
• Land Readjustment Project
• Site Acquisition – Land Purchase
• Repotting and Compensation
• Project Cost and Capital Investment
Urban Facilities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Road
Station
Green and Open Spaces
Housing
Water supply
Sewage system
Energy supply
Education facilities
Commercial Facilities
Medical Facilities
Public Institution
Five Characteristics of the New Town Planning
• Apartment Building Radiating from the Central Area
• All Service Facilities Centralized in one Place
• Inviting Service Industries in the Town
• Cars on the Dale Side and People on the Ridge Side
• Natural Parks for the Current Environment.
Positive Facilities
9 Pedestrian Facilities
9 Children Facilities
9 Facilities for aged people
9 Residential Buildings
9 Greenery Along Roadside
9 Landmark Building
Recommendation
9 Should create more facilities for health care and education
9 Introduce entertainment facilities for the youth and aged people
9 Increase public transportation facilities
9 Increase health care facilities
9 Organize sport competition including intercity matches
Conclusion
9 Kozoji New Town was created by UR (JHC) as one new suburban habitation space that
responds to the needs of the people in one region.
9 It is an ideal place for living environment
Module 6: Synthesis
(19 – 24 June)
Action plan preparation and Presentation
37th INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT（ITC 37）
37th INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT（ITC 37）
Contents
Action plan
3R Promotion on Compostable waste of
Municipal Solid Waste
in Can Tho City, Vietnam
Prepared by: Nguyen Phuc THANH
1. Project profile
2. Background and Issue
j
3. Objectives
4. SWOT analysis
5. Action
6. Time table
Recycling
7. Expected outcome and Impact
8. Q & A
I. Project Profile
1. Project Title: 3R Promotion on Compostable waste of
Municipal Solid Waste in Can Tho City, Vietnam
2. Project Area: Urban Centre communities in Can Tho City
3. Project
j
Cost: 282 000 USD
4. Duration: 2010 – 2012 (03 years)
5. Beneficiary: Communities’ City (04 centre districts)
6. Implementation Agency: URENCO of Can Tho City
7. Counterpart Agencies: DONRE, and Local government of
II. Background and Issue
1. Area: 139 km²
2. Population: 1,154,900 by 2007
4. Division: 04 Districts and 04 Sub-districts
(Focus on 04 centre districts: including 32 wards)
5. Waste generation: 250-300 tons/day (2008)
6. Collected Waste rate: Whole City: 50%, Central Dist.:>80%
7. Waste collection, transportation and treatment by :
URENCO’s Can Tho City
Can Tho City, Universities, Institutes, related organizations
II. Background and Issue (cont.)
Waste collection Method: Citizens place their waste out on
the sidewalk of the street in front of their dwelling for URENCO’s
collectors to pick up on foot door-to-door
Waste storage: The storage bin is not similar on size, volume, shape, color …
The storage bin is temporary bins as plastic bag, paper bag or
throw away on the sidewalk of the street
Waste collection: Collectors collect waste at
households on door to door
by handcart
Waste Disposal:
Landfill: main method (02 landfill site)
01 sanitary landfills without LFG utilizing and
01 opening landfill
Future trend:
The sanitary landfill is applying and developing in the whole city with in CDM
approach.
Other Waste treatments:
Composting
Waste composition by
Healthcare waste: treated by Incinerator
recyclable of waste
Composting site: have not applied yet in Can Tho City
Fig. Percentage of potential by
compostable waste
Recycling
The most recyclable waste: 10 % of total
Plastic 59.34%; next
Fig. Composition of recyclable by type
of waste
paper 24.68%,
glass 9.44 % and
metal 6.54%
Composting
Waste composition by
recyclable of waste
Source: Survey by Author, April 2009
The deals for project development
Problems by current status
Landfill site:
3R promotion:
9 Environmental pollution:
¾ Mitigation of Environmental
surface/ground water, soil
pollution, and increase of aesthetic
contamination air pollution
contamination,
pollution, and
landscape to improve the living
aesthetic landscape.
Recycling
utilizing of recyclable waste
The most recyclable waste: 10 % of total
Plastic 59.34%; next
paper 24.68%,
glass 9.44 % and
metal 6.54%
environment .
9 Loss natural resources, non-
Fig. Percentage of potential by
compostable waste
Fig. Composition of recyclable by type
of waste
Source: Survey by Author, April 2009
III. Objectives
To realize the “Sound MaterialCycle Society” in Can Tho City, by
introducing and spreading source
separation/recycling of organic
waste and 3R actions.
Targets
To archive the “Sound Material-Cycle Society”, is the society,
where:
1) the consumption of natural resources is minimized, and
2) the environmental load is reduced as much as possible
New approach: 3R
¾ Decrease natural resources
burden, utilizing of recyclable waste
materials Æ un-sustainability
materials Æ sustainability
development
development
9 Spent large land area
¾ Decrease the land area requirement
9 Low human awareness on
¾ Increase human awareness on
Environmental protection
Waste
Separation
at household
Environmental protection
Description of Project
Frequency
collection:
every day
Compostable
noncompostable
Composting
plan
Frequency
collection:
every 2 days
Sanitary
landfill
Mr. Compost
Market
Famer
Compost
product
IV. Strategies – SWOT Analysis
Project facilities
S: Strength
Farm
School 3R
Project office
Gallery
PC
3R TV Station
¾Municipal solid waste contains high percentage of compostable
component
¾Large number of farmer population
¾The targets of project like the expected achievements of City
government in near future
¾The project inherit previous projects (Green Can Tho project)
¾Built strong partnership between URENCO, citizens, and
farmers
¾Municipal waste is collected and treated by URENCO based on
Ward division management. It is easy for conducting and
expanding the project
¾Good leadership and good governance are highly expected
Households
W: Weakness
¾Low income
O: Opportunity
¾Low education
¾New approach: CDM projects
¾Low awareness of communities
¾Supports from Universities, Institutes
¾Lack and undeveloped facilities
¾Chance for improving current status to get the
¾The quality of composting outcome is complex, and farmer
government’s targets
hesitate to utilize it
¾Tourist potential
¾The Waste collected efficiency rate is low
¾Investment and development potential in National and
¾Transportation system is lack and complex
international sectors
¾Lack of high technology for composting plant and landfill site
¾Best practice case of 3R promotion
Strategies – SWOT Analysis
T: Threat
¾Local government or donors do not support budget
¾Local farmers do not accept for composting product
¾A few of citizens do not follow the regular of project
S: Strengthening Strategy (utilize O under the
restriction of T)
¾ Training to improve the knowledge to representative
selected candidates through Universities, Institutes.
Next, training to communities by above candidates
¾ Research and carry out in the action to develop, modify,
improve, and optimize the action plans
¾ Good living environment for developing of tourist,
economic facilities; and providing the opportunities of
CDM approaches
W: Resolution Strategy (utilize SO under the
restriction of T)
V. Action plan of research
1. Pilot plan stage
¾
¾
Place: 02 Wards
Time : 1.5 first years
¾
Concentrating to train community as much as possible
¾
Expanding the collection system Æ 100% of area
2. Expanding plan stage
¾
Monitoring and improving of compost product
¾
Place: 30 Wards
¾
Increase the cooperation of related organizations
¾
Time : 1.5 last years
¾
Investment of infrastructure and high technology
treatment methods or utilization the exist systems
Full project:
¾ Place: 32 wards
¾ Time: 3 years
V. Action
1. Compilation of “3R plan”: Organize “3R Stars Can Tho City” meetings
Target: To increase the capacity development
To analysis of current situation by Solid waste experts
To develop ideas and show out the solutions
Who: URENCO, DONRE, Universities, Institutes, related organizations, local
government, etc.
When: 2010 -
V. Action
3. Meeting with communities
Target: :
To increase the capacity development
To discuss on the accommodation capacity of project activities
To develop ideas and show out the solutions
Who: URENCO, universities, institutes, local government, etc.
When: 2010 -
How much: 10 000 USD
How much: 2 000 USD
2. Capacity development of URENCO - At individual and organization leve
Target: Provide training to each representative selected candidate for
URENCO’s employees, communities, local government, related
organizations, etc,
Who: URENCO, DONRE, Universities, Institutes, etc.
When: Pilot stage (2010 - ), Expanding stage (2011 - )
4. Composting site construction and improvement of
current landfill to sanitary landfill
Target: : Research and Construction of compost plan, composting
process, production
Improvement of current opening landfill to sanitary landfill
Who: URENCO, universities, institutes, local government, etc.
When: 2010 -
V. Action
5. Environmental Education & PR activities
5.1 Environmental Education
Target: Awareness rising through increase environmental education as:
• For primary school pupils
• For communities
• Waste surveyy
• Using Eco-bag for daily shopping
• Study Tour
• Mottainai list
Who: URENCO, Universities, Institutes, primary school,, etc.
V. Action
5. Environmental Education & PR activities
5.2 PR activities
Target: awareness rising of communities through:
• Flyer, Poster, Banner, Panel, T-shirt, Eco-bag, Calendar,
Stickers, 3R song CD, DVD Karaoke, DVD comedy
• Adverting program
• Newspaper Advertisement
Who: URENCO, media facilities, related organizations, local government,
etc.
V. Action
V. Actions
6. Source separation collection
7. Compost production and Expansion of demand
Target: conduct many facilities for source separation collection:
Target: :
• Produce households garbage bins, collection containers
for organic and inorganic wastes
• Produce source separation instruction tools,
p
off source separation,
p
,
• Implementation
• Survey on solid waste management conditions
•
•
Improvement of compost plan, composting process, production
Compost analysis & survey on compost demand & expansion
Who: URENCO, universities, institutes, related organizations, local
government, etc.
When: 2011 -
Who: URENCO, volunteers, related organizations, local
government, etc.
VI. Time table
VII. Expected outcome and impact
Time
Action
2010
First 6
Second 6
months
months
2011
First
2012
Second First Second
I. Pilot plan stage
1. Compilation of “3R plan”
2. Capacity development of URENCO
3. Meeting with communities
4. Composting site construction
5.1. Environmental Education
5.2. PR activities
6. Source separation collection
7. Compost production and Expansion of
demand
II. Expanding plan stage
Thank you very much
for your kind attention
Expected outcome
¾ Increase human awareness about 3R (80% residents of 04 centre
districts )
¾ Decrease the solid waste volume gone to disposal site (60%) Æ
decrease the burden on current landfill site
¾ 80% of total compostable waste utilized for composting
¾ Increase Living environment
¾ High potential for CDM approaches
Impact
¾ Spread effect to the surrounding cities
¾ Active opportunities for investment and development (national and
international)
¾ Increase awareness on youth
¾ High potential for tourist development
¾ Support fertilizer to farm
Appendices
Certificate
Newspaper
List of participants
Daily report on “International training course on Regional development” ‐
UNITED NATIONS
CENTRE FOR REG10NAL DEVELOPMENT
効ななゎc夕
″妙れα″
乃αs sαす
サ
披 cゎガウ Cθ物姥姥冴筋2
7形'7クー
ざタツタれ筋娩姥物 αガθれα′酔 αJガ″g6θ 夕浴c
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cθ湾あ c姥冴妙筋夕助施ガ娩 ″
ブ
θ″s後 ″姥乃 /
Rヒ淳 θttα
′Dビッダヮ初cttr rし
?vこソ屯Eり筋民
職
劣プれβα乃
イ眼畔わ2イtん
″2 2θ
θ
夕.
//0初ノ
2イプ物″2 2θθタ
Kaz″″θう″ θ乃Ogawa
Dガ″cゎ巧しいる
CRD
…
Making“ Composting"useful… …
Visit to a recycling site
On 29 May,the UnRed Nattons Centre for Regional Development(UNCRD)
conducted a visit to lchinonllya City,Aichi Prefecture as part ofits 37th international Training
Course in Regional[〕 evelopment.
Government ofFicials and foreign students from eleven
developing countries,including india,learned about the food recycling business iaunched
b y 」A A i c h i E c o n o m i c F e d e r a t t o n a n d a m a i o r s u p e r m a r k e t c o m p a n y P U n y t
This training airned at a‖owing the participants to understand the proper treatrnent
of waste such as the composting of food waste so thatit can be applied in each of their
countries.
The food recycling business visited by the participants was begun in 2003.
The
」A Aichi Economic Federation, Uny supermarket, and compost producers of Aichi
Prefecture worked in cooperation in composting letover food co‖
ected from the stores.
Farrners in Aichi Prefecture then use it to produce agricuitural products,and also se‖
it in
retail shops.
The participants confirrned how kitchen garbage is separated and whatis invoived
in the co‖ection process atthe superrnarket.
They then listened to a shortlecture by D.1.D.
Co.,Ltd.,a compost producer,on how itis produced,
They also studied the effects of using
compost atthe fieid of Mr.Telichi Sato,a farmer who uses the compost.
Mr. Shizuo Sawada, who is in charge of food recycling at 」
ンンンンン
Federation, said, “ l hope they wi‖
A Aichi Econonlic
utilize the circulation mechanism overseas in their
countries"
盤
森
The」 apan Agricultural News
30 Allay 2009
韓さんけ療襲覇キ鐘愁
撻構第Ｆ崩立でＦこ
いたいヽ家翻号定こ
を進織てい、鶏内醸釜ど
態ゃマ醸翌軸特霊盛、様
襲で鞘中でい畿
韻穂詩憩ス︰がヽ晋●
、
ヽ
食愚鶴せ
め為騨避粧作
ド
、
鱗など輩韓練号韓盤
一
☆詩遥ある撃躍鎖継策
．
持欄掛⋮簿腎幾糾抑総
ゃ
糧韻編い碑覇を受サ比
盤組器歴う盤聾韓む鵜
鱗 ≡億熱袋〓おれヽ
襲︺
、
じ寝で経憩奇期軍など
，
社宰ヽて
寸ギすル霊権査一
養導
留ヤ
．
する鰐総謙遡ぬ韓樹簿一
Ten Developing Countries Learn about“
くNagano>
tourisnぱ'from Obuse Town
Though being the sma‖ est oftowns in Nagano Pref.,Obuse― cho became
a worid‐
famous tourist site by taking advantage ofits historical heritage. On 9 May9thirteen
government officials from developing countries participating in the international Training
Course in Regional Development being conducted by the United Nations Centre for
R e g i O n a l D e v e l o p m e n t (N り
CRD),visited the town,where they learned about Rs unique
macん,zじ
kurirnethod with the hope of applying itto be the development oftheir countries.
Obuse― cho,a tiny town with a population of ll,100,and land area of 190,000 km2,
is so sma‖
that you can justtake a walk to see the sights. Despite R being a ttny town,it
has established itself as a famous tourist site withore
r■than l mi‖lon visitors every year.
One ofthe main reasons thatthis tiny town in the Shinshu Area became famous
even overseas is its unique way ofrttac力
′
zりそwri.
The town promoted macん ′
zりそwribased on
three keywords,“ Hokusai Katsushika,"an Ukiyo― e painter ofthe Edo Period who spent his
tate years in this townilocal product of“
chestnuts,"and“ flowers".
On this day, 9overnment officials from ten countries, including Bangiadesh,
Colombia,Ethiopia,Uganda,and Myanmar,visited the town.
During their stay in」
apan of
one―and―atthalf months, they are studying about topics such as “
environment" and
“
sustainable development" to utilize those aspects towards the development of their
respective countries.
At the Town OfFice,Town Mayor Mr.Ryozo lchimura explained the town's history
saying,“VVhen」 apan entered the period of rapid econonlic growth,rnosttowns focused on
attracting companies, but(Dbuse chose to become a ro、
ふ fOcwseJ o,agricw′ rwre."
He
added,“ if you walk a littie farther from the centre of town,you wili find yourseif surrounded
by rustic scener工 Sma‖ ness has been a meritfor ust"
Fo‖owing the briefing,the participants visited an area that has retained its historical
townscape,and a mach′
zuktrri company that operates a guesthouse,etc.,which is being
operated by the townspeople. Truong Quang Hoang from Viet Nam (36)shared hiS
irnpression of the town saying, “
VVhat strikes me is that the townspeople took note of the
good aspects of the town and acted on their own initiative.
in Viet Nam,even though we
have quite a lot of regional assets,they are hardly being utilized.
l'd like to make use of
whatilearned from this town."
The Sankei Shirnbun,10 June 2009
攻犠
韻
ン
，森懸準婚幹鷺を
押が
強
欝静欝鶴戴靖
一
一主じ電い鶴奏ぎ群畿選簿争
れ
ヽ浄
一姓ぺ汁ふ督績購韻壁態
熟態総かせ
一奉斡幣亀がも義・
“泰んい難守総神雑発が締鈴熱
、
妻義鴛輩態韓幕斡議各嬢
¨
！
蟹
！え幾ポ続題欝輩犠期幾辞鶏
転じ穀鞘幹等空機描ぜ登記
一
一ン
韓
ゃＰ晋⋮熊ぜ鴻弾騨齢響横一
静ず鈴聯響ん輩静も
む
、
縮各鞠ｅ津規幹籍串笹一
鞘載線警轟韓品技難曇赫
、
鱗窺体
与 ∼華軽懇義簿軽継畿鰻寵
幾牟一
韻
播
襲
播
蕪
絶
一
鱗縫強ば織曲糠鶴鞠瞬縦総選Ａ幹姓逮態蛇静式の雅が
一
畿止鞭爵韻習
ン銃生
森鱗髄鞠鎗響べ
品丼オピず
韓
Ａ鱗欝Ｔ韓鍵潜韓鞠小さ電韻掩
、
．
緒準強辞鵠菱輩鈴盤幾奪
器曲客難義熊韓栽ギＪ
・
ゴ貸がゴュ幸警憩メぴざ
、
、
中鮮伊ダ連
鱗趨緑糠暇灘鶴センドー熔
練隷藤疑綾職ン
雑鞄鵡鞭翻鞠轟殺欝観髄蠣一
郵
輝器裁補録確Ａが曽澤、鍵
灘犠酪躙小轄輝品品︱ジ幾
！
く春幹手！
麟導・
壌書簿翻鶴襲
躍眠導蝉控牟強鱗心経整轟
い先
小義轟野ギム奪畿︱浮１
１拳！
韓良 “ 簾寵難輝軍贅
球
ぶ驚紳讐韻路督球鶴騒ぼ
、
小議娩熟韻隷簿が第盟 ■
態姻齢小籠緒館辞鞭邦輩一
器や革氏弾と簿議議鶴報鞭
←
鶴騒資盤轡鞠絲轟
義鞘等姦器壷毒拒描中ず晶■
姓鞭館購ふ均荘線韓録鶴導一
奈
亡韓隷齢鶴Ｆ毒
齢曙鯖難 ■
デミドに期幾こな態糠麟等一
ンン一
une 2009
The Sankei Shilnbun 10」
￨さ
増そ
鞭 ‐
母
ト…
ドン
一
一
中国・
河北省代表団が来県
５
友好提携２
周年記念
。
その返礼にあたるこの日
、
・
は
胡
春
華
河
北
省省長︵知
、０
１人の同省
意見を変わし
。
提案した
、
この後二人は議員会館
、
西側の公園で記念植樹を
、
長野市内のホテルで
行い
自宅
した
道路の舗装や修繕
、
担当者
９
﹁ＴＳＢスペシャル０
うするかを考える
らない﹂
と≡
れた裁判官
と自体が星
を持ちなが
いた熊本本
を裁くこと
。
させるま”
なった主婦
、
の説明に熱心に聞き入ってあなたならどうする討
え誰もが”
。
！
いた
論始まった裁判員裁判﹂ある裁判員
。
０
０
ベトナムからの留学生で
∧ ２日︵土︶年前９時３る
０５
岡山大学大学院のチュン・分 ∼ １時２分 ∨
６
クワン・ホアンさん︵３︶は
市民が裁判員として人を
﹁ベトナムでは自然景観や裁ぐ裁判員制度が始まっ
。
美しい町並みが生かされてたＴＳＢスペシャルでは
。
いないまずは人々が価値討論や裁判員候補になった
、
、
に気づくことが重要﹂と話人への取材を交えてもし
。
自分が裁判員になったらど
。
状況などについて
よいか
高井鴻山記念館周辺の衡並
。
みを視察した美しい衡
並みをどうやって残したら
、
参加者は約１時間かけて
﹁オープンガーデン﹂な
記念式典とレセプションに
。
。
９
、
臨んだ代表回は、１日は、どについて説明その後
、
須坂市内の企業を見学する
。
という
まいを残す街並みや
の庭園を観光客に公開する
川中島バス
８月値上げヘ
典道さんや松本サリン事件
で犯人扱いされた河野義行
。
さんが出席袴回事件につ
、
いて一昨年﹁無罪の心証﹂
、
を告自した熊本さんは死
。
刑判決時の葛藤を明かす
﹁合議内容を漏らしてはな
卜
辱の寝室へ運
足でベッドメー
底げたりと大忙
少しデコボコし
添った。
督也さん(36)に
の取り込みを始
のフェンスに干
れており「
他の
のかな」と思っ
世っせと取り込
事に相当︶ら
、
ぷ遊喜
マ
、
値上げするのは長野市
長野市で収録した討論に
、
、
周辺の路線バス運賃で初は死刑判決が確定した袴
、０
乗りは原則１円高い１６田事件の裁判官だった熊本
。
８、
国土交通省は１日川中０円になる長野バスター
地面に落とし、
職員が訪れ
。
まちづくりについて学ん
。
だ＝写真＝国連地域開
、
発センター︵ＵＮＣＲＤ
、
開発途上
名古屋市︶が
宮
言
i昏
曇
景
告
浮ブタ舎のフェ
把枚の敷き布団
のミニプタ「遊
￨」(メス 5歳 )
んでいる。
た
留学生らまちづくり学ぷ
国の行政官の能力向上の島バス︵本社・長野市︶がミナルー川中島支所口の場
、
ため行っている﹁地域開申請していた平均５ ●１％合で現行の３９０円が４
。
発国際研修コース﹂の一の踏線バス運賃の値上げを１０円となる同社は今年
。
。
、
環
認司した同社は長野市と３月乗客減による収支悪
、
、
研修では小布施町のの協議を経て８月１日か化を理由に値上げを申請
、
、
。
。
した
伝統的なたたずら値上げする予定
(中澤亮子 )
記念の植樹に臨む競省
長 (左 )と村井知事
担当者が
ても敏感だとい
車を手伝ってく
クカの布団で気
者す。愛は敷か
そうだ。
小布施で国際研修
深めあうことで一致した﹁
村井知事が﹁︵両者は︶
、９
、
代表団は１日まで県内に幅広い分野で交流し確実
。
。
滞在する
な成果を上げてきたさら
、
長野県と河北省は１９なる友好を祈念する﹂と歓
８３年に友好提携を締結。迎。胡省長は﹁
経済面での
、
ほぼ５年むとに相互訪間を協力や青少年同士の交流
。
、
、
、
を深めたい﹂と企業間の
ミャンマーウガンダな
行っている昨年５月には
、
、
３
県からの訪問団が河北省を
交
流推進定期的な青少年どの行政官留学生ら１
、
、
、
、
による代表団の訪問などを人が小布施町を訪れ
訪れておりハ７回の訪間は
演奏と動きに
若さあふれる
◆小諸市◆ 市文化会館で、
小諸高校吹奏楽部の走期演奏会
Hり込む /
５
県との友好提携２周年を
、
記念して中国・
河北省の代
８、
表団が１日村井知事を表
。
敬訪問した記念植相と懇
、
、
親会を行い今後も交流を
12断〔長野 2
季序
ITC 37 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
No
Name and Country
Mohammad Sirajul Islam
モハンマドシラジュルイス
Position
th
Chief Town Planner,
“Nagar Bhaban” 10 Floor,
Dhaka City Corporation
Urban Planning Department,
ラム
1
Business Address
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
ダッカ市公社
Bangladesh
バングラデシュ
都市計画主任
T e l: +880-2-7110241
Fax: +880-2-9563514
E-mail: [email protected]
Clara Ines Penagos
クラライネスペナゴス
th
th
Specialized Professional,
25 90, 30 Avenue, 13 Floor,
Socioeconomic Planning Division,
Bogota, Colombia
City Planning Office,
2
Colombia
コロンビア
Bogotá City Government
T e l: +57-1-3358000
Fax: +57-1-3358000
ボゴタ市都市計画局
社会経済企画部
専門官
Gudina Ejeta Argeta
グディナエジェタアーゲタ
Planning Department Expert,
P.O.Box 8644,
Finance and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Bureau of the Regional State of
3
Ethiopia
エチオピア
Ramesh Waman Pawar
ラメシュワマンパワル
4
India
インド
Oromiya
T e l: +251-115-516774
Fax: +251-115-510429
オロミア州財政経済開発局
企画部専門官
Assistant Commissioner,
M/West Ward Office,
Municipal Corporation of Greater
Sharadbhau Acharya Marg
Mumbai
Road No.1, Chembur,, Mumbai-400 071,
Maharashtra State, India
大ムンバイ市公社
区長
T e l: +91-22-2262-0525
Fax: +91-22-2527-0148
岩花有加理
Assistant Director,
3-1-2 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya
Yukari Iwahana
International Affairs Division,
460-8501 Japan
Department of Regional
5
Japan
日本
Development and International
T e l: +81-52-954-6181
Affairs, Aichi Prefectural Government
Fax: +81-52-951-2590
愛知県地域振興部国際課
主任
Bounhome Silaphet
ボウンホムシラフェット
6
Lao PDR
ラオス
Deputy Head of Planning Unit,,
Saysa ad Village,
Department for Planning and
Samaklhixay District,
Investment
企画・投資局
Attapeu Province, Lao PDR
企画ユニット副主任
T e l: +856-36-211019
Fax: +856-36-211019
7
Munkhbayar Shinetsetseg
ムンクバヤルシネツェツェ
Community Development Specialist,
CUDPUDSC Building II,
Urban Development Resource
Khuvsgalchid Avenue, Chingeltei District,
グ
Center
Ulaanbaatar-38, Mongolia
Mongolia
モンゴル
都市開発リソースセンター
T e l: +976-11-331418
コミュニティ開発専門官
Fax: +976-11-331418
Min Min Htwe
ミンミントゥウェ
Deputy Assistant Program Officer,
Building No.15, Naypyitaw, Myanmar
Department of Agricultural Planning,
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
8
Myanmar
ミャンマー
T e l: +95-67-410393
Fax: +95-67-410119
農業・灌漑省
農業計画部
プログラムオフィサー補佐官
9
th
Bandula Arachchige
Deputy Director,
4 Floor, Sethsiripaya, Battaramulla,
Gamini Wickramapala
バンドゥラアラクチゲガミ
Industrial Division,
Sri Lanka
Samurdhi Authority of Sri Lanka
ニウィクラマパラ
T e l: +94-11-2872253
サムルディ局
Fax: +94-11-2872253
Sri Lanka
スリランカ
産業部
Sonko Solomon
ソンコソロモン
Acting Chief Administrative Officer,
Uganda
ウガンダ
マユゲ地区政府
Doan Thi Hong Tham
ドアンティホンタム
State Official,
80 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi,
Department of Environment,
Viet Nam
副部長
P.O.Box 1317, Mayuge, Uganda
Mayuge District Local Government
T e l: +256-774083148
10
総務部長代理
Ministry of Transport
11
Viet Nam
ベトナム
T e l: +84-439420150
交通省
Fax: +84-439411796
環境部
事務官
Nguyen Phuc Thanh
グエンフックタン
Student
3-1-1 Tsushima-naka Okayama
Graduate School of Environmental
700-8530 Japan
Science, Okayama University
12
Viet Nam
ベトナム
Truong Quang Hoang
チュンクワンホアン
T e l: +81-86-251-8991
岡山大学環境学研究科
Fax: +81-86-251-8991
博士後期課程在学
Student
3-1-1 Tsushima-naka Okayama
Graduate School of Environmental
700-8530 Japan
Science, Okayama University
13
Viet Nam
ベトナム
T e l: +81-86-251-8991
岡山大学環境学研究科
Fax: +81-86-251-8991
博士後期課程在学