Renewable Energy Development for Communities

Transcription

ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON
RENEWABLE ENERGY
“Italian innovative and best
practices”
Renewable Energy Development for
Community
Italy’s 100% Renewable Energy Communities
Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok,
21st -22nd March 2012
Speaker:
Carlo Figà Talamanca
RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT FOR COMMUNITY
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY
“Italian innovative and best practices”
Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st – 22nd March 2012
2
CONTENT
•
Introduction – Italian renewable energy production/demand and projections
for 2050
•
Renewable energy in Italian communities
•
The 20 Italian 100% renewable communities – case studies:
• Tocco da Casauria
• Prato allo Stelvio
• Morgex
• Brunico
•
Decision support system: renewable energy development for community
•
Conclusions
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWAL ENERGY
3
ITALIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION
4
COVERAGE OF THE ITALIAN ELECTRICAL DEMAND BY 2050
400
350
300
Import. attuali
250
Import. rinnov.
Termoelettrico
TWh 200
Altre rinnov.
Solare
150
Eolico
Idro
100
50
0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
5
INVESTMENTS IN RENEWBLE ENERGY IN 2010 (billion USD)
2011: 260 billion $, +5% of 2010; over 50% in solar energy
6
PV IN THE WORLD
7
PRICE REDUCTION OF PV MODULES (2010-2011)
8
NUMBER AND POWER OF PV INSTALLATIONS CONNECTED
TO THE GRID IN ITALY
Situation at 17 of January 2012: 326.000 plants and 12.700 MW
9
COVERAGE OF THE ITALIAN ELECTRICAL DEMAND BY 2050
A square with a side of 50 km 2500 sq km (one third on buildings)
would be enough to satisfy, only
with the sun, 50% of electrical
demand in 2050.
Potential to cover electrical
demand using solar on buildings
in Italy 40% (lea)
10
BURDEN SHARING
Everybody has to play a role!
EU level
National
level
Industry
National
level
Local level
Local level
Transport
Service
sector
National
level
Residential
National
level
Public
admin.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ITALIAN COMMUNITIES
(MUNICIPALITIES)
•
2011: 7661 communities in Italy (94%) have at least 1 renewable energy plant; 6.993 in
2010 and 5.580 in 2009.
•
Solar - 7.273 communities.
•
Biomass - 1.033 communities.
•
Mini-hydro - 946 communities.
•
Wind energy - 374 communities
•
Geothermal - 290 communities.
•
964 communities produce more electrical energy than what they use (through, minihydro, wind, PV, biomass and/or geothermal).
•
27 communities produce more heat than what they use (heat distribution systems
connected to biomass or geothermal plants).
12
20 Italian communities are 100% renewable
Communities that through their energy production can satisfy the entire electrical
and thermal power demand of their citizens (electricity, heating and hot water)!
PV on primary school
Solar thermal on a kindergarden
Mini-hydor in the center of Milan
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An efficient mix of several renewable energy sources to satisfy the entire
electrical and thermal power demand of their citizens.
(often even with a relevant overproduction)
Solar thermal on the community swimming pool
Geothermal plant of Pomarance
Mini-hydro plant
Wind park of Pontedera
Thermal biomass plant of Sesto
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Greenhouse powered with biogas
320 m2 integrated thermo solar system
Mini-hydro on acqueduct
Low enthalpy geothermal plant of Fiano
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THE 20 ITALIAN 100% RENEWABLE COMMUNITIES
The key is in the
MIX!
Each one uses 3-6
renewable energy
sources!
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DISTRIBUTION OF ITALIAN RENEWABLE COMMUNITIES
100% renewable
100% electric
100% thermal
99-50% electric
99-50% thermal
•
•
•
•
•
68 (from a mix of at least 4 different
sources) satisfy 99-80% of the electrical
demand;
152 satisfy 79-50% of the electrical
demand;
330 communities satisfy 49-20% of the
electrical demand;
11 communites satisfy 99-50% of heat
demand;
21 communities satisfy 49-20% of heat
demand.
•
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TOCCO DA CASAURIA – most famous Italian renewable
community
2700 inhabitants in Italy’s mountainous
center
With its 4 wind turbines, Tocco is now
essentially energy independent from a
financial standpoint, generating 30 percent
more electricity than it uses.
Production of green electricity earned the
town more than $200,000, in 2010.
In addition to the town’s wind turbines, solar panels generate electricity at its ancient
cemetery and sports complex, as well as at a growing number of private residences.
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TOCCO DA CASAURIA – a little bit of history
•
Early European Union demonstration project in wind power in 1998.
• It had two wind turbines installed (200 kW each), meeting at best 25% of the town’s
electricity requirements.
•
In 2006 the two wind turbines have been replaced by two new ones of 800 kW each
(E48 Enercon) – the new installations have been completed in 3 months.
• The streets that lead to the town have been renovated to enable and facilitate
transportation.
• The foundations have been completed in 2 weeks.
• The assembly of the two tower has been completed in 12 days.
•
In 2009 two additional 800 kW wind turbins have been added, resulting in a wind
park of 4 wind turbines with total power of 3,2 MW.
•
The wind park has been installed with minimal environmental impact,
restoring at the end of the work the olive trees, which are part of an
organic farm producing olive oil.
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TOCCO DA CASAURIA - RESULTS
ENERCON E-48. Technical data
Nominal power
Rotor diameter
Height of tower
Rotor type
N. of arms of the rotor:
Rotation speed
800 kW
53 m
57±2 m
Active pitch control
3
16-30 rpm
• Annual production of about 7200 MWh which correspond to the demand of
about 2000 housholds.
• The benefits in term of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are
relevant and are quantifiable as in the table below:
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Pollutant
CO2
SO2
NOx
t/year
3.112
1,51
1,52
CO
0,79
CH4
0,11
TEP/year
1.300
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TOCCO DA CASAURIA – ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
• The turbines are owned and operated under a contract with a private
energy company. The company installed the turbines and sells electricity to
the national grid.
• Tocco profits because the company leases the land on which the turbines
stand and gives the town a cut of the profits it makes from selling electricity
generated with local wind.
There have been created also new
jobs for the installation and
maintenance of the new PV
systems.
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ITALIAN TEAM WINS THE EUROPEAN CHAMPIONS LEAGUE!
The best small community in Europe is Italian!
Prato allo Stelvio won the Champions League
of renewable energy in 2010
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PRATO ALLO STELVIO – EUROPEAN CHAMPION
Prato allo Stelvio won the RES Champions League 2010 Renewable
Communities, the competition amongst the European Communities
adopting renewable technologies and local energy policies.
The town has been awarded on the 19th May 2010 in Dunkerque at the
European Conference of Sustainable Cities for the best local policy in the
promotion of renewable energies.
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PRATO ALLO STELVIO – THE WINNING ENERGY MIX
A mix of renewable energy provided by six different technologies meets all
energy needs of the families living in this small community of 3200 inhabitants.
An amount of energy, which is higher than real needs of the local residents in terms
of electrical and thermal requirements (heating and hot water), is supplied by:
•
•
•
•
2 biomass heating plants for a total power of 1.4 MW;
4 hydroelectric plants for a total of 2,016 kW;
hundreds of solar systems installed on the roofs
• 1,100 square meters of solar thermal collectors
• 1.8 MW powered by photovoltaic panels
1(2) wind turbine for a total power of 1.2 MW.
Moreover, the presence of an ancient power grid managed by a local
cooperative allows a more efficient management of the different energy sources.
The residents of this small town benefit from these technologies both clean air and
less expensive bills of approximately 30-40%.
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PRATO ALLO STELVIO – RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN DETAIL
1926 installed the first hydro plant of 80 kW, a local distribution grid an a local
energy strategy (in 1926 it wasn’t yet reached by the national grid...). A local
cooperative, members are practically the entire population (90% of
connections), manages still today all installations and plants.
BIOMASS/GAS: 4 plants located in one place, produce electricity and heat serving
the district heating distribution system which serves 85% of the community territory.
• 1 lignin residues: 40% from the community woods and the rest from local saw
mills.
• 1 biogas: bio-digestor fed with animal (cow) dung from local farms (50).
• 2 bio-oil co-generatos: raw materila partly purchased from outside and partly
obtained reusing frying oil from local hotels and restaurants (only operating in
the winter).
• TOTAL THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED PER YEAR: 10.000.000 kWh
• TOTAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCED PER YEAR: 2.200.000 kWh
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PRATO ALLO STELVIO – RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN DETAIL
HYDRO: 4 mini/medium hydro plants (turbines from 250-2600 kVA) guarantee an
annual production of electric energy of about 12.000.000 kWh.
SOLAR: growing number of thermo solar and PV systems covering the roofs of
private homes, hotels and businesses.
• Thermal – 1.100 m2 – 0,32 m2 per capita (national average 0.03 m2 per capita)
• PV – 1.800 kW – 0.98 kW per capita (national average 0,27 kW per capita).
Every citizen of Prato allo Stelvio produces only through PV 1.300 kWh per year.
If every Italian citizen had the same “performance” it would equal to 70 billion kWh
per year ~ 7 nuclear plants.
WIND: 2 plants co-owned with neighboring communities (situated in Malles).
OVERALL OUTCOME: 18.600.000 kWh of electric power annual production
vs. an annual consumption of 11.200.000 kWh (39% of overproduction/sales).
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MORGEX – 1st IN THE ITALIAN RANKING OF 100%
RENEWABLE COMMUNITIES
Morgex, 2.000 citizens, in the alps at the border with France.
HYDRO – 1,1 MW plant, able to provide electricity to 1.700 households
SOLAR
• 9 PV installations distributed on roofs for a total capacity of 112 kW.
• 30 m2 thermo solar on school building roofs, connected to the heat
distribution network.
BIOMASS – 9 MW plant, using lignin residues supplied from local forests and
saw mills, connected to a 10 km district heating distribution network.
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BRUNICO – THE BIGGEST COMMUNITY IN THE 100%
RENEWABLE COMMUNITIES (2nd in ranking)
Brunico, 15.000 citizens, in the alps at the border with Austria.
SOLAR
• PV 3.093 kW all distributed on roofs
• 840 m2 thermo solar
HYDRO: 3 plants for a total of 4.390 kW
(+ 46,3 MW of “old” hydro plants)
BIOMASS/GAS connected to the district heating distribution network of 120 km
serving 2.000 households/holiday homes/public
buildings.
• 20 MW plant from local biomass
• 1.500 kW biogas plant
28
BRUNICO – THE BIGGEST COMMUNITY IN THE 100%
RENEWABLE COMMUNITIES (2nd in ranking)
2010 Energy Efficiency building regulation
All new public and private buildings need to have a minimum solar PV/thermal
installations necessary to cover at least 25% of the total energy consumption
and minimum 50% of the necessary energy for hot water through renewable
sources.
29
BRUNICO – SYNERGIES WITH INDUSTRY
"GKN Sinter Metals" in Brunico has 500 employees and produces small
components for the automotive sector.
The raw material used is metal powder, that after being molded in components are
introduced in special kilns at temperatures of over 1.000 ‘C (the kilns operate
almost all year long).
A new configuration of the kilns and the connection to the district heating
distribution network brought to the following results:
• 50.000 liters of petrol fuel saved per year by GKN;
• Reduction of CO2 emissions of 150 tons/year;
• Contribution of 2.000 MWh per year in form of heat introduced to the heat
distribution network (1% of Brunico’s yearly consumption).
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BRUNICO – SYNERGIES WITH INDUSTRY
31
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM: RENEWABLE ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT FOR COMMUNITY
Example of a wind
park but applicable to
most renewable
energy technologies.
32
CONCLUSIONS
•
Although small renewable energy projects are not enough to sustain an entire
industrial economy like Italy’s, they are important!
•
Italy has almost no fossil fuels of its own, and until last year, it banned nuclear power
plants.
•
Large renewable projects are still rare in Italy compared with other European
countries because Italian planning and permitting procedures are so complicated.
•
The type of renewable energy coming from small towns depends on local
resources.
•
In the northern Alpine counties there is a heavy reliance on hydropower and
biomass.
•
Italy’s south tilts a bit more toward solar and wind.
•
Beside the progressive decrease of renewable energy technology costs, an important
role is played by the feed-in tariffs the government guarantees to buy renewable
electricity at an attractive set price from any company, city or household that produces it.
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REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
•
“Strategie Energetiche” - Gianni Silvestrini, Kyoto Club, Pesaro 10 febbraio 2012
•
“Comuni Rinnovabili 2011, Sole, vento, acqua, terra, biomasse. La mappatura delle fonti
rinnovabili nel territorio italiano” – Legambiente 2011, www.legambiente.it
•
“Real Options for Real Communities:Incorporating Uncertainty into Small-Scale Energy
Planning” - Katherine Dykes, ZEW Conference, 10/28/2008
Contact details:
E-mail:
Telephone:
[email protected]
+855 978159256
34

Renewable Energy Development for Communities

Transcription

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