E|EHMSBa : ErXt atilf - Novel Materials and Ground States

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Paul C. Canfield, George W. Crabtree
P a u l C a n f i e l d i s a s e n i o r p h y s i c i s ta t A m e s
-Laboratoryand a professor in the department
of physics and astronomy at lowa State Univ e r s i t y i n A m e s , l o w a . G e o r g e C r a b t r e ei s a
senior scientist and the director of the materials science divisionat Argonne NationalLaboratory in Argonne, lllinois.
Physics Today Vol. 56 No. 3
@ 2003 American lnstitute of Phvsics
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