Emerging risks at waste sites
Transcription
Emerging risks at waste sites
Emerging Hazards in Waste and Recycling Facilities Operational Tactics 20 March 2015 Mark Andrews Summary of the problem • Insurance premiums up by 300% • Over 300 fires a year • 60% chance of any waste having a fire • Smethwick Fire – 6 million • Cost to the fire service around £16million per year Impact on UK PLC • Community • Economy • Environment • Fire Services Summary of the problem • Waste v time • Stockpiling/RDF • Rogue traders • High profile/recurring fires • Prevention and regulation Lawrence’s Skip Hire Ltd, Kidderminster • 5,000 tonnes of RDF • burned for 6 weeks. • 900 fish killed • 80 fire fighters • cost tax payer £250,000 • Operator into administration Jayplas, Smethwick - RDF Arcwood Recycling,Derbyshire Paper storage, Tottenham Horwich in Manchester - plastics Midlands – tyre fire Challenges • Access • Water Supplies • Pollution • Fire fighting - fire dynamics of the material • Political RDF Analysis Data - Jenkins Lane Bio-M RF - 2014 Determinand Sample Ref Units Loose Bulk Density Kg/m 3 Gross CV KJ/kg Net CV (AR) KJ/kg Moisture (AR) % w/w Ash (AR) % w/w Ash (Dry) % w/w Sulphur (AR) % w/w Sulphur (Dry) % w/w Sulphur (DAF) % w/w Total Carbon (AR) % w/w Total Carbon (Dry) % w/w Total Carbon (DAF) % w/w Hydrogen % w/w Nitrogen % w/w Chlorine (AR) % w/w Chlorine (Dry) % w/w Fluorine % w/w Bromine % w/w Iodine % w/w % Biomass (by CV) % w/w January JLC065 8th 219 14020 12935 20.6 11.8 14.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 32.5 41.2 46.8 6.2 1.2 0.67 February JLC066 19th 222 11909 10486 36.5 10.3 16.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 25.2 40 44.4 5.4 2.1 0.56 March JLC067 4th 223 12944 11655 28.3 12.4 17.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 29.4 40.9 56.5 5.6 1 0.4 April JLC068 5th 210 11927 10991 27.2 13.4 18.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 23.5 32.2 37 5.4 1.3 0.4 May JLC096 6th 212 12201 11286 20.5 15.1 18.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 31.4 39.2 46.1 5 1.4 0.34 June JLC070 7th 195 17833 16548 15.6 14.4 17.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 30.2 35.5 41.3 5.3 1.4 0.69 July JLC071 8th 200 18079 16771 22.3 11.3 14.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 30.5 39.2 44 5.9 1.9 0.41 August September JLC072 JLC073 9th 10th 209 209 11520 11683 10155 10766 33.9 27.6 17.3 9.5 26.2 13.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 22.6 28.5 34.3 39.6 41.3 44 5.6 6 1.5 1.3 0.59 0.33 October Average JLC074 11th 214 211 14087 18758 17266 12886 24.3 25.68 8.4 12.39 11.1 16.80 0.4 0.40 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.64 36.7 29.05 48.3 39.04 51.4 45.28 7.1 5.75 2.2 1.53 0.6 0.50 0.01 0.01 0.01 60.9 0.01 0.01 0.01 59.2 0.01 0.01 0.01 60.4 0.01 0.01 0.01 62.2 0.01 0.01 0.01 59.8 0.01 0.01 0.01 58.8 0.01 0.01 0.01 55.5 0.01 0.01 0.01 61.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 58.8 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 54.1 0.01 0.01 0.01 59.08 0.11 1.2 1 14 2.2 39 1.6 254 71 40 15 1 1 9.4 1 1 1 1 365 0.49 0.82 1 25 6.6 30 5.7 209 57 21 7.3 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 287 0.23 0.1 1 15 1 44 1.9 329 66 16 10 1 1 2.8 1 1 1 1 371 0.51 0.27 1 30 1 59 4.1 350 41 37 5.1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 421 0.1 0.45 1 49 1 32 1 287 77 21 10 1 1 1.9 1 1 1 1 337 0.67 0.33 1 23 1 19 1 206 50 13 3.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 276 0.1 0.98 1 47 1 39 1 325 71 30 11 1 1 2.8 1 1 1 1 332 0.1 0.27 1 13 1 20 1 132 20 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 140 0.5 1.38 1 20 1 12 1 201 21 12 2.2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 245 0.19 0.65 1 13 1 21 1 187 33 19 5.2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 209 0.30 0.65 1.00 24.90 1.68 31.50 1.93 248.00 50.70 22.00 7.06 1.00 1.00 4.29 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 298.30 1 1 1 1 5 95 1 1 1 1 2 98 1 9 20 25 26 20 10 12 16 18 29 5 10 13 14 15 43 5 10 10 10 20 30 20 5 5 20 30 30 10 5 5 20 30 30 10 5.38 7.00 12.75 17.50 24.38 32.88 54.5 18.1 12.8 10.9 2.2 ND ND ND 1.5 ND ND ND ND 39.9 12.9 10.4 33.9 ND ND 1.8 1.1 ND ND ND ND ND 44.9 10.1 22.6 13.6 ND ND 8.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND 33.2 30 3.1 28.4 ND ND ND ND 2.1 ND ND ND 3.2 16.2 24.8 16.1 30.6 1.8 ND 3 ND 2.1 ND 1 ND 4.4 21.6 24.6 12.8 37.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3.9 55.5 6.5 3.7 30 ND ND ND ND ND 1.2 ND ND 3.1 22.9 23.7 3 47.5 ND ND ND ND ND 1.1 ND ND 1.8 36.32 17.16 11.34 30.36 1.70 ND 3.68 1.50 1.90 1.15 1.00 ND 3.28 Metals Mercury m g/Kg Cadmium m g/Kg Thallium m g/Kg Antimony m g/Kg Arsenic m g/Kg Chromium m g/Kg Cobalt m g/Kg Copper m g/Kg Lead m g/Kg Manganese m g/Kg Nickel m g/Kg Selenium m g/Kg Tin m g/Kg Vanadium m g/Kg Beryllium (AR) m g/Kg Beryllium (Dry) m g/Kg Tellurium (AR) m g/Kg Tellurium (D) m g/Kg Zinc m g/Kg Particle Size Distribution <10mm % w/w 10-25mm % w/w 25-75mm % w/w 75-150mm % w/w 150-250mm % w/w >250mm % w/w Compositional Analysis Paper and Card % w/w Plastic Film % w/w Dense Plastic % w/w Textiles % w/w Miscellaneous Combustible % w/w Miscellaneous Non-combustible % w/w Glass and Stone % w/w Putrescible % w/w Ferrous Metal % w/w Non-Ferrous Metal % w/w WEEE % w/w Potencially Hazardous % w/w < 5mm % w/w 37.6 12 11.9 35.5 ND ND 1.1 1.9 ND ND ND ND ND 36.9 8.9 17 36.1 1.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Real fire tests Firefighting procedures • Water • Foam • Controlled burn • Accelerated burn Accelerated burn? Advantages • Burn toxins • Enhanced smoke control • Breaks up charring https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66Yte 03B3Lo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qIUt dbPzMY CFD Modelling Foam • FPA – Hi EX foam not suitable for class A fires. • Poor firefighting properties in 3 dimensional firefighting • Foam or dry powder? A place for foam? • Foam probes CAFS • Predict the depth of the burn • Apply the foam at or below the burning layer. • Penetration in dense materials Look forward Fire Testing • Research • Real fire tests • Better prevention • NOG • Fire modelling Thank you Your assistance please Interested in taking part/hosting? Contact [email protected] [email protected]
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