Emerging risks at waste sites

Emerging Hazards in Waste
and Recycling Facilities
Operational Tactics
20 March 2015
Mark Andrews
Summary of the problem
• Insurance premiums up by 300%
• Over 300 fires a year
• 60% chance of any waste having
a fire
• Smethwick Fire – 6 million
• Cost to the fire service around
£16million per year
Impact on UK PLC
• Community
• Economy
• Environment
• Fire Services
Summary of the problem
• Waste v time
• Stockpiling/RDF
• Rogue traders
• High profile/recurring fires
• Prevention and regulation
Lawrence’s Skip Hire Ltd,
Kidderminster
• 5,000 tonnes of
RDF
• burned for 6
weeks.
• 900 fish killed
• 80 fire fighters
• cost tax payer
£250,000
• Operator into
administration
Jayplas, Smethwick - RDF
Arcwood Recycling,Derbyshire
Paper storage, Tottenham
Horwich in Manchester - plastics
Midlands – tyre fire
Challenges
• Access
• Water Supplies
• Pollution
• Fire fighting - fire dynamics of the
material
• Political
RDF Analysis Data - Jenkins Lane Bio-M RF - 2014
Determinand
Sample
Ref
Units
Loose Bulk Density
Kg/m 3
Gross CV
KJ/kg
Net CV (AR)
KJ/kg
Moisture (AR)
% w/w
Ash (AR)
% w/w
Ash (Dry)
% w/w
Sulphur (AR)
% w/w
Sulphur (Dry)
% w/w
Sulphur (DAF)
% w/w
Total Carbon (AR)
% w/w
Total Carbon (Dry)
% w/w
Total Carbon (DAF)
% w/w
Hydrogen
% w/w
Nitrogen
% w/w
Chlorine (AR)
% w/w
Chlorine (Dry)
% w/w
Fluorine
% w/w
Bromine
% w/w
Iodine
% w/w
% Biomass (by CV)
% w/w
January
JLC065
8th
219
14020
12935
20.6
11.8
14.9
0.3
0.4
0.5
32.5
41.2
46.8
6.2
1.2
0.67
February
JLC066
19th
222
11909
10486
36.5
10.3
16.4
0.3
0.5
0.6
25.2
40
44.4
5.4
2.1
0.56
March
JLC067
4th
223
12944
11655
28.3
12.4
17.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
29.4
40.9
56.5
5.6
1
0.4
April
JLC068
5th
210
11927
10991
27.2
13.4
18.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
23.5
32.2
37
5.4
1.3
0.4
May
JLC096
6th
212
12201
11286
20.5
15.1
18.9
0.5
0.6
0.7
31.4
39.2
46.1
5
1.4
0.34
June
JLC070
7th
195
17833
16548
15.6
14.4
17.2
0.6
0.7
0.8
30.2
35.5
41.3
5.3
1.4
0.69
July
JLC071
8th
200
18079
16771
22.3
11.3
14.5
0.6
0.8
0.9
30.5
39.2
44
5.9
1.9
0.41
August
September
JLC072
JLC073
9th
10th
209
209
11520
11683
10155
10766
33.9
27.6
17.3
9.5
26.2
13.2
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.2
22.6
28.5
34.3
39.6
41.3
44
5.6
6
1.5
1.3
0.59
0.33
October
Average
JLC074
11th
214
211
14087
18758
17266
12886
24.3
25.68
8.4
12.39
11.1
16.80
0.4
0.40
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.64
36.7
29.05
48.3
39.04
51.4
45.28
7.1
5.75
2.2
1.53
0.6
0.50
0.01
0.01
0.01
60.9
0.01
0.01
0.01
59.2
0.01
0.01
0.01
60.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
62.2
0.01
0.01
0.01
59.8
0.01
0.01
0.01
58.8
0.01
0.01
0.01
55.5
0.01
0.01
0.01
61.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
58.8
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
54.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
59.08
0.11
1.2
1
14
2.2
39
1.6
254
71
40
15
1
1
9.4
1
1
1
1
365
0.49
0.82
1
25
6.6
30
5.7
209
57
21
7.3
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
287
0.23
0.1
1
15
1
44
1.9
329
66
16
10
1
1
2.8
1
1
1
1
371
0.51
0.27
1
30
1
59
4.1
350
41
37
5.1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
421
0.1
0.45
1
49
1
32
1
287
77
21
10
1
1
1.9
1
1
1
1
337
0.67
0.33
1
23
1
19
1
206
50
13
3.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
276
0.1
0.98
1
47
1
39
1
325
71
30
11
1
1
2.8
1
1
1
1
332
0.1
0.27
1
13
1
20
1
132
20
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
140
0.5
1.38
1
20
1
12
1
201
21
12
2.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
245
0.19
0.65
1
13
1
21
1
187
33
19
5.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
209
0.30
0.65
1.00
24.90
1.68
31.50
1.93
248.00
50.70
22.00
7.06
1.00
1.00
4.29
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
298.30
1
1
1
1
5
95
1
1
1
1
2
98
1
9
20
25
26
20
10
12
16
18
29
5
10
13
14
15
43
5
10
10
10
20
30
20
5
5
20
30
30
10
5
5
20
30
30
10
5.38
7.00
12.75
17.50
24.38
32.88
54.5
18.1
12.8
10.9
2.2
ND
ND
ND
1.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
39.9
12.9
10.4
33.9
ND
ND
1.8
1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
44.9
10.1
22.6
13.6
ND
ND
8.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
33.2
30
3.1
28.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.1
ND
ND
ND
3.2
16.2
24.8
16.1
30.6
1.8
ND
3
ND
2.1
ND
1
ND
4.4
21.6
24.6
12.8
37.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.9
55.5
6.5
3.7
30
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2
ND
ND
3.1
22.9
23.7
3
47.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.1
ND
ND
1.8
36.32
17.16
11.34
30.36
1.70
ND
3.68
1.50
1.90
1.15
1.00
ND
3.28
Metals
Mercury
m g/Kg
Cadmium
m g/Kg
Thallium
m g/Kg
Antimony
m g/Kg
Arsenic
m g/Kg
Chromium
m g/Kg
Cobalt
m g/Kg
Copper
m g/Kg
Lead
m g/Kg
Manganese
m g/Kg
Nickel
m g/Kg
Selenium
m g/Kg
Tin
m g/Kg
Vanadium
m g/Kg
Beryllium (AR)
m g/Kg
Beryllium (Dry)
m g/Kg
Tellurium (AR)
m g/Kg
Tellurium (D)
m g/Kg
Zinc
m g/Kg
Particle Size Distribution
<10mm
% w/w
10-25mm
% w/w
25-75mm
% w/w
75-150mm
% w/w
150-250mm
% w/w
>250mm
% w/w
Compositional Analysis
Paper and Card
% w/w
Plastic Film
% w/w
Dense Plastic
% w/w
Textiles
% w/w
Miscellaneous Combustible
% w/w
Miscellaneous Non-combustible
% w/w
Glass and Stone
% w/w
Putrescible
% w/w
Ferrous Metal
% w/w
Non-Ferrous Metal
% w/w
WEEE
% w/w
Potencially Hazardous
% w/w
< 5mm
% w/w
37.6
12
11.9
35.5
ND
ND
1.1
1.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
36.9
8.9
17
36.1
1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Real fire tests
Firefighting procedures
• Water
• Foam
• Controlled burn
• Accelerated burn
Accelerated burn?
Advantages
• Burn toxins
• Enhanced smoke control
• Breaks up charring
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66Yte
03B3Lo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qIUt
dbPzMY
CFD Modelling
Foam
• FPA – Hi EX foam not suitable
for class A fires.
• Poor firefighting properties in
3 dimensional firefighting
• Foam or dry powder?
A place for foam?
• Foam probes CAFS
• Predict the depth of the burn
• Apply the foam at or below
the burning layer.
• Penetration in dense
materials
Look forward
Fire Testing
• Research
• Real fire tests
• Better prevention
• NOG
• Fire modelling
Thank you
Your assistance please
Interested in taking part/hosting?
Contact
[email protected]
[email protected]