Mississippi 2.ai - American Canoe Association

A S T A T E WA T E R T R A I L G U I D E T O T H E M I S S I S S I P P I R I V E R
ROUTE DESCRIPTION
e
Lak
bar
Dun
watercraft campsite. Schram Lake;
watercraft campsite. Nushka Group Site;
carry-in access, drinking water, shelter,
camground.
of the bridge. The riparian landscape now
changes from wooded to wetlands.
Deck
er La
ke
NOTE: (R) and (L) represent right and left banks of
the river when facing downstream.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION of ROUTE
1254.2
he
s
mu
Pi
e
ttl
Li oose
M Lake
State Highway 39 bridge
This is a gentle stretch of river, bordered
by mixed hardwood forest. Most of the
land is publicly owned; paddlers will see
little development past this point. The river
leaves the Mississippi Headwaters Board’s
“Scenic” designation and enters a section
managed as “Wild.”
k
La
e
1251.3(R) Co. Rd. 33 Bridge andMorp
access
Morows WMA
h Mead
ph
The access is located on the downriver
side
39
Round Lake
1246.5(L) Governor’s Pt. Cmpst. and access
1242.6 (L)West Winnie Campground
Located on the lake’s western shore, to the
left as the paddler enters the lake. Water
access, drinking water, rest area.
1248.0(R) Meadows Campsite
1232.0(R) Tamarack Point Water Access
1247.3(R) Smiling Joe’s Campsite
1235.0
1244-1228 Lake
33Winnibigoshish
The lake’s name means “dirty water” in
Ojibwe, referring to the effect of wind on
the lake’s sandy shorelines. Lake
Winnibigoshish, or Winnie, is Minnesota’s
e
se
Little
k
La
Sand
1227.4 (L)Winnie Dam Recreation
Area
Lake
Portage left 297 yards. The U.S. Congress
authorized construction of the dam
regulating the level of Lake Winnie in
1881 on lands it had already granted to the
Ojibwe people of Minnesota. “No white
man knows of the damage that will be
done to us,” Sturgeon Man, a Lake Winnie
resident, told a government commission
appointed to address the problem. “Every
year what supports us grows
this place.
Sand on
Lake
If the dam is built, we will all be scattered,
we will have nothing to live on.” The dam
was built and compensation was provided
to Sturgeon Man’s ancestors 104 years
later, in 1985. The dam elevated water
levels about eight feet, wiping out
cemeteries, villages, shoreline crops and
plants. Today, the Leech Lake Indian
Reservation’s fish hatchery is located near
the dam site.
1195.3(R) Schoolcraft State Park
The Vermillion River joins the Mississippi
River at Schoolcraft State Park, a small
park with a handsome stand of red pine.
Camping and public access are available at
the park, including one river access only
campsite.
This location marks the down river boundary of this
map. Refer to map 3, Vermillion River to Palisade for
Talmoon
further information.
1208.6 (R) Gambler’s Point campsite and rest area
This campsite provided the only access to
land from the river as it makes its way
though a series of oxbows, created as the
river cut channels in soft material laid
down by glaciers. Many of these had been
dredged during logging years to provide a
more direct route for log movement.
1225.7(L) Little Winnibigoshish Lake
Tamarack Pt. Cmpgrd. and access
Note: There are several campsites and
accesses located on the northeast side of
Lake Winnie. See the resource list at the
end of this map for contacts.
1222.2(L) Crazy James’ Point
This river access only campsite is located
in a mixed pine and hardwood forest.
Jesse
Lake
1203 & 1201.8(L)
Channels to White Oak Lake
From White Oak Lake Access it is a one
mile walk to Deer River for supplies.
Little
Jesse
Lake
1215.3(R) U.S. Highway 2
The Mississippi’s channel is lined with fine
1228.0(L) Plug Hat Point (L)
M
East Seelye Bay Campground
Th
Bowstring State Forest
Big Rice
Lake
33
ird
Ri
ve
r
Fl
ws
Muskrat
Bay
tri
ng
Ri
ve
35
r
West Seelye Bay
Campground
Deer Lake
ag
Popple
Lake
Bowstring Lake
Bo
33
Mosomo Point
Campground
Pigeon
Dam
Lake
ow
Buena Vista State Forest
1210.2(L) Leech Lake River Access and campsite
The Leech Lake River meets the
Mississippi here.
1199.0(L) Little White Oak Lake
It is a 1.5 mile paddle from the Mississippi
River to the Little White Oak Lake Access.
Third River
Access
oo
20
white sands, remnants of a time 6,000
years ago when the landscape was much
drier and Lake Winnie was ringed with
sand dunes. The Chippewa National Forest
now conducts prescribed burns of the
wetlands, which has brought back several
plant species. If the river level gauge reads
5.0’ or above, water is high; water level is
medium at 2.0’ to 5.0’, and water is low
below 2.0’.
Nature's Lake WMA
1247 (R) Reese Landing
Located on Winnie’s western shore, to
your right as you enter the lake.
1248.3(R) Lydick Brook Mile Marker
The confluence of Lydick Brook from the
south help create the Mississippi
Meadows. The creek’s name comes from a
homesteading family whose son
represented the area in the U.S. Congress.
A significant archaeological site was
uncovered when part of the Great River
Road system was rebuilt in 1995.
ake
on L
Dix
1254.8(R) Knutson Dam Recreation Area
Portage right 297 yards. The Chippewa
National Forest controls the level of Cass
Lake at Knutson Dam, and operates a 40unit campground at the dam site. The
Chippewa National Forest maintains three
campgrounds and public accesses on Cass
Lake’s southeastern shore. There are
beautiful sand beaches at these sites.
Norway Beach offers interpretive
programs in the summer.
CASS L AKE TO VERMILLION RIVER
third largest inland lake. A slight Nature’s
breeze
can produce large waves across it. Lake
Caution: do not paddle across Lake
Winnibigoshish. Portage from Reese
Landing (see below)Squaw
by car to the Winnie
Dam Recreation AreaLake
on the east side of
the lake. If you must paddle, do so only in
warm weather and stay within swimming
distance of the shore.
1249.0(R) Mississippi Meadows Mile Marker
The river broadens into an area known as
Mississippi Meadows. Ducks and geese
use these wetlands for raising young and
beginning their fall migration. The pines
on the point, jutting off the river’s right
bank, are more than 100 years old.
1261.0(L) Carry-in access
The Mississippi connects lakes Cass and
Winnibigoshish, two large lakes formed as giant ice
blocks melted on plains created by glaciers 10,000
years ago. These lakes have always been important to
the Ojibwe people of northern Minnesota, and today,
lie within the boundaries of the Leech Lake Indian
Reservation. These are extensive public lands,
managed by the U.S. Forest Service as the Chippewa
National Forest. The river is gentle, suitable for novice
paddlers. The rewards of the paddle are forested
shorelines, pine-covered islands, and eagles soaring
overhead.
River miles are counted upstream from the
Mississippi’s confluence with the Ohio River,
according to a system developed by the U.S. Army
Corps of engineers.
1263.0-54.8 Cass Lake
Cass Lake access/rest area; shelter,
telephone, drinking water, picnic area, boat
access, parking, dock. Norway Beach Rec
Area; shelter, telephone, drinking water,
picnic area, campground, boat access,
showers, swimming, wheelchair
accessible. O’Neils Point; watercraft
campsite. South Star Island;
•
e
Cutfoot
Sioux
Lake
Deer Lake
Campground
Grouse
Bay
Cow
Bay
On-E-Gum-E
Campground
Pennington
Bog SNA
Kitchi Lake
La
k
e
Williams Narrows
Campground
Ke
n
og
er
iv
am
a
tR
South
McAvity Bay
12
(Caution: High wind and boat waves
may cause hazardous conditions. Paddling
across the lake is not recommended)
ITASCA COUNTY
39
Knutson Dam Rec. Area
Portage Right • 297 yards
Buck
Lake
R
Mississ
ippi Riv
1255
er
Little
Bowstring
Lake
rs
Fi
Big
Lake
Bowstring Deer
46
1235
Bowstring Deer
1230
Yard WMA
Winnie Dam Recreation Area
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
L
Sugar Lake
WMA
Allen’s Bay
Rice Lake
Plug Hat Point
Sugar Lake
1250
West Winnie Campground
Co. Rd. 33
O’Neils Point
10
Lake Winnibigoshish
Smiling Joe’s
k Brook
dic
Ly
BELTRAMI COUNTY
CASS COUNTY
Island
Ceda
r I.
Little Ball
Club
Lake
1225
Reese Landing
39
Norway Beach Rec. Area
Bowstring State
Forest
Richard’s Townsite
ke
La
lub
ll C
Ba
Cass
Lake
Crazy James’
Point
9
371
2
Ojibwe Beach Access
1220
er
Suck
St. Marks
ITA
SC
AC
OU
NT
Y
CA
SS
CO
UN
TY
Bena
Portage Lake
Pike Bay Bluff
Lake
Moss
Lake
Twin
South Pike Bay
Campground
Little Twin
Lake
Little
Moss
Lake
Portage
Lake
Welsh
Lake
Crooked
Lake
Chippewa National
Forest Boundary
Lake
Thirteen
Deer River
1215
Rest Area
Water Access
Safe Refuge
Drinking Water
Safe Refuge is shelter with
access to a telephone
Picnic Area
Dock
Ball Club Lake
Accesses
river level gauge
Carry-in Access
Outfitter
6
46
2
s
Lake
Ten Section L.
Chase Lake
Campground
Fishing Pier
Watercraft
Campsite
Caution Areas
Hospital
Dam
River Mile
Interpretive Center
Rapids
Point of Interest
Designated
Public Land
Fish Hatchery
Ball Club
Si
xm
#2 Access
ile
8
White Oak Lake
Access
18
La
k
e
White Oak Lake
1205
1210
Gambler’s Point
Campsite
Mis
ech
Le
er
Riv
ke
La
ipp
3
i Ri
ver
Little White
Oak Lake
Access
1200
R
Little White
Oak Lake
Portage Right
Interstate Highway
0
North
1
0
State Highway
U.S. Highway
2
1
2
Sucker Bay
(Leech Lake)
3
3
4 miles
4 kilometers
Drumbeater
Lake
County Road
Mud Goose WMA
Mud Lake
W.M.A. = Wildlife Management Area
S.N.A. = Scientific and Natural Area
Mud/Goose WMA
3
Portage Right
#10
Access
Federal
Dam
Leech Lake
Leech Lake Recreation Area
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
R
8
Goose Lake
18
6
1190
64
Schoolcraft State Park
1195
Leaning Willow
Campsite
Vehicle Permits Required
hton
Leig
Vermilion
Steamboat Bay
(Leech Lake)
11
siss
Co. Rd. 3
Hole-in-the-Bog
Peatland SNA
2
Chippewa National Forest
Pike Bay
Chippewa National
Wanaki
Riv
er
Hwy 2
Birches Landing
Governor’s
Point
ish
Cass Lake
South
Star Island
Campsite
Meadows
osh
Lake
Windigo
1245
am
hr
Sc ake
L
ig
nib
Win ake
L
Reservation, Group
Camping Only
Portage Left
297 yards
le
Litt
Lake Windigo
Portage
Star
Tamarack Point
Campground
Nushka Group Site
Island
Lake
9
1240
Forest Boundary
1260
Steamboat
WMA
6
Yard WMA
First River
Landing
Hwy 6
Access Van Patter
Lake
Bk
Leighton
Lake
© 2014 State of Minnesota, Department of Natural Resources
n River
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2 of 9
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MISSR
RIVE
ATER
W
E
T
A
A ST AIL Guide
TR
A
STATE
WATER
TRAIL
GUIDE
TO
THE
MISSISSIPPI
RIVER
“...such was the nature and strength of the
grass that it required the united strength of
the whole crew to force a canoe throught it.”
Lietenant James Allen,
on paddling the Mississippi River
near Lake Winnibigoshish in 1832.
Minnesota State Parks and Trails
mndnr.gov/watertrails
HEADWATERS RIVER TRAIL
BELTRAMI
Turtle River
ITASCA
River
A successful river trip is safe. To enjoy a safe journey,
you should be prepared. You should be acquainted with
your route. Choose a distance that is comfortable for you.
Water levels can speed you or slow you: get information
about water levels from the regional DNR Minnesota
State Parks and Trails office, or check the river level
gauges listed in the route description section of this map.
Protect the water and shorelands and leave nothing
behind you except footprints. Remember that much of
the shorelands are privately owned. Here’s a checklist
you should consider in planning your trip:
Riv
er
Lake
Bemidji
Bemidji
ie
Cass Lake
Pr
air
CLEARWATER
l
Turt
e
Lake
Winnibigoshish
Cass Lake
River
Ball Club
Lee
ch
Deer River
Cohasset
Grand Rapids
Vermillion
River
Lake George
HUBBARD
er
Riv
Lake
Walker
Pokegama
Lake
Remer
W
Riv illow
er
CASS
CROW WING
Splithan
d
River
Jacobson
Cro
w
River
Crosby
Big Sandy
Lake
Palisade
Pin Cross Lake
e
Riv
er
W
g in
Swan River
Scho
olcr
t
af
Lake Itasca
PLANNING A SAFE RIVER TRIP
McGregor
Aitkin
ABOUT THIS RIVER SECTION
Cass Lake to Vermillion River
Deerwood
Riverton
AITKIN
Gull Lake
Pillager
Riv
er
Brainerd
p
asip
Nok i
Fort Ripley
Randall
Lit
Elktle
MORRISON
Riv
er
Little Falls
an Riv
er
Sw
Royalton
Sartell
St. Cloud
“The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
is an Equal Opportunity Employer”
This information is available in alternative
format upon request.
Online water trail information and
maps can be found at
mndnr.gov/watertrails
SSISSIP PI RIV
MI
PROTEC
TI
ER
1601 Minnesota Drive
Brainerd, MN 56401
218-828-2619
HE FIRST 400 M
NGT
ILES
Minnesota State Parks and
Trails Regional Unit
OF TH
E
Mississippi Headwaters
Board
P.O. Box 3000, Walker, MN 56484
218-547-7263
mhbriverwatch.dst.mn.us
This Publication was produced by the Mississippi Headwaters board in
cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Financial
support was provided by the folowing organizations.
Minnesota Power
REI/National Rivers Coalition
Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board
Itasca Trails Task Force
McKnight Foundation
National Forest Foundation
DNR Information Center
The DNR’s Information Center is available to provide free
publications of facilities and services as well as answers questions
pertaining to DNR recreational opportunities in Minnesota.
The DNR Information Center
500 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155-4040
651-296-6157 Metro Area
1-888-646-6367 MN Toll-Free
mndnr.gov
You can make a difference by joining the DNR
Adopt-a-River Program. Be a clean up volunteer
for a portion of your favorite recreation area. Call
the DNR Information Center for a brochure, or
visit mndnr.gov/adoptariver.
Photos: Peter Card II
© 2014 Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
The Mississippi River makes a question mark shape on
the land as it travels from Lake Itasca to St. Cloud. You
are invited to follow the Headwaters River Trail down
the first 420 miles of the Mississippi River. At Lake
Itasca, the Headwaters trickle over a stone ledge, where
you can wade across the mighty river. Tributaries add
momentum for the 2,348 mile trek to the Gulf of Mexico;
groundwater contributes two-thirds of the Mississippi
River’s initial flow. From the Headwaters, the river flows
through nine lakes. Glacial hills, called moraines, and
glacial depressions, now lakes and wetlands, create
scenic views. Wetlands, marshes, and oxbows act as
natural filtration systems, preserving water quality.
Rapids and riffles dot the entire river. Fishing is great!
River elevation drops 500 feet from Itasca to St. Cloud.
Hydropower and water control dams require portages. A
braided river pattern joins the Mesabi and Cuyuna Iron
Ranges — 100 miles apart by road and 200 miles by
river. The Cuyuna Range is the most rugged area of the
Headwaters. Near Brainerd, development and agriculture
increase with a more defined channel; natural
characteristics are preserved.
The Mississippi Headwaters Board is an eight-county
joint powers board organized to protect the natural,
cultural, scenic, scientific and recreational values
identified in the Mississippi Headwaters Guide Book.
The Headwaters is an extraordinary place for wildlife and
rare plants. Citizens protect the Mississippi River at its
Headwaters to help provide safe drinking water to
millions of people downstream in St. Cloud and the Twin
Cities, and in Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri,
Kentucky, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana.
Choose a wilderness experience or visit parks with a
variety of facilities. Either way you will see a unique
place and meet the people who live here. The Mississippi
River is a fun place to visit.
• Travel with a companion or group. Plan your trip with
a map before you depart and advise someone of your
plans including planned departure and arrival times.
• Most people paddle two to three river miles per hour.
• Plan for big water. Do not underestimate the power of
wind and waves on large lakes. Lake Bemidji, Cass
Lake and Lake Winnibigoshish can be dangerous; stay
within swimming distance of shore. If you are
uncomfortable with large open water, plan to use a
vehicle to portage around the lakes.
• Bring a first aid kit that includes waterproof matches.
• You must pack out all trash.
• Be cautious of river obstructions, such as
overhanging and dead trees in the river.
• Leave only footprints; take only photographs!
Rest Areas and Camping Sites
• Public rest areas are
available along the route
to rest, picnic and
explore.
• Camp only in designated
campsites, which are
available on a first comefirst serve basis.
• Bring drinking water. It
is only available at a
limited number of rest
areas. Drinking river
water is not
recommended, but if you
do it must be treated.
• Respect private property.
Stop only at designated
sites; much of the shoreland is private property.
• Be sanitary! Use designated toilet facilities or bury
human waste away from the river.
Boating Information
• Wear a U. S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation
device.
• Bring an extra paddle.
• Not all portions of this water trail are suitable for
motor use.
• Register your watercraft. All watercraft more than 9
feet in length, including nonmotorized canoes and
kayaks, must be registered in Minnesota or your state
of residence.
Large lakes are the Mississippi’s defining
characteristics as it flows east from Bemidji through
the town of Cass Lake and towards Grand Rapids.
Glaciers created these lakes thousands of years ago.
The lakes are a challenge to the river traveler, and can
be quite dangerous. The lakes keep the water quality
pristine, support a healthy population of game fish,
and are the main attractions of the area.
Cass Lake and Lake Winnibigoshish were created
when large ice blocks, lying under glacial till, melted.
Henry Schoolcraft named Cass Lake for Lewis Cass,
who, as governor of Michigan, led an expedition to the
Mississippi’s headwaters in 1820. He
ended his journey at the lake, known as
Red Cedar Lake for the distinctive tree,
which is not as easily found today.
Schoolcraft was part of the 1820
expedition, and vowed then to complete
it, which he did 12 years later when he
renamed Cass Lake. Schoolcraft met
his Ojibwe in-laws at Star Island, and it
was Ozawindib who led Schoolcraft to
Lake Itasca.
Conifers dominate the sandy soils of this landscape.
Aspen, birch, sugar maple, basswood, red oak, and bur
oak are found on richer soils. Unique features are the
white sands of the dunes that once surrounded Lake
Winnibigoshish, the oxbows of the river channel and
the extensive stands of upland pines.
The large red and white pines of the upland
coniferous forests are favorite roosting places for the
bald eagle. Minnesota has the largest number of
breeding bald eagles in the lower 48 states. One-third
or more of the state’s population can be seen in the
Chippewa National Forest, through which the
Mississippi flows.
Protection and management of bald eagle habitat has
been a priority with the National Forest since the
1960s. There were 20 pairs of breeding bald eagles in
1963; 31 years later, 189 breeding pairs of bald eagles
were counted in the Chippewa National Forest.
Biologists believe that this may be the ecological limit
of the bird’s population.
The success of the Chippewa National Forest in
restoring bald eagle population has a special meaning
for the original people of the Mississippi Headwaters.
The Ojibwe people consider the bald eagle to be a
messenger from the Creator. According to Ojibwe oral
tradition, the eagle flew to the Creator’s world to
speak on behalf of the Anishinabeg (Ojibwe) people,
who had displeased the Creator.
Respecting the eagle’s bravery, the Creator agreed to
spare the Anishinabeg and teach them respect and
honor for all creatures. The Creator made the eagle a
symbol of the connection between the Creator’s world
and the world of the Anishinabeg. “Those you protect,
I will protect.” the Creator told the eagle.
Downstream from Lake Winnie, watch for white
sands on the river’s bottom as you near Highway 2.
This material is a remnant of ancient sand dunes that
formed by wind action on Lake Winnie’s southeast
shore during a hot and dry period more than 6,000
years ago.
Below, it’s confluence with the Leech Lake River,
the Mississippi’s channel deepens, and the riparian
marsh plain doubles in width. The river once created
oxbows here, which are now abandoned river
segments filling with vegetation. The marshes and
natural oxbows are considered geologically significant
by the State of Minnesota, although that designation
carries no special protection.
The oxbows of the river’s channel support many
forms of wildlife, such as fish, mink, raccoon, otter,
wood ducks, mallard & merganser. When filled with
water during high conditions, such as melting snows in
the spring, the oxbows provide protected shelter for
spawning fish. Careful control of water
levels at upstream and downstream
dams is necessary to avoid flooding the
homes of fur-bearing animals, such as
muskrats, or separating spawning fish
in the oxbow from the main channel.
White Oak Lake and Little White Oak
Lake are depressions in the vast marsh
plain lying northeast from the
Mississippi River. Between the two
lakes is the highest point of elevation
in the marshes from Little Winnie Lake to the
Mississippi’s confluence with Vermillion River. Its
location was frequently noted as a stopping point by
early travelers, including Joseph Nicollet in 1836. The
sedge grass marsh above Day’s High Landing is the
largest on the Mississippi, and the largest wetland
south of Red Lake, covering 12 square miles of area.
Schoolcraft State Park actually lies on both sides of
the river, although the buildings, campsites and boat
access are located on the west bank. The stand of red
pines here was prized by local people who lobbied the
state to establish the park in the 1960s.
HEADWATERS RESOURCES
U.S.D.A FOREST SERVICE - CHIPPEWA NATIONAL FOREST
SUPERVISOR’S OFFICE
Route 3 Box 244, Cass Lake, MN 56633 • (218) 335-8600
LEECH LAKE TRIBAL COUNCIL
DIVISION OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Route 3 Box 100, Cass Lake, MN 56633 • (218) 335-8240
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
REGION 2 HEADQUARTERS
1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 • (218) 327-4455
CASS LAKE AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
422 Birch Avenue NW, P.O. Box 548, Cass Lake, MN 56633
(218) 335-6723
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
HEADWATERS LAKES PROJECT OFFICE
P.O. Box 130, Remer, MN 56672 • (218) 566-2306
SCHOOLCRAFT STATE PARK
Cass County Road 74, Deer River, MN 56636 • (218) 247-7215
MINNESOTA INDIAN AFFAIRS COUNCIL
1819 Bemidji Avenue, Bemidji, MN 56601 • (218) 755-3825
NORTHERN MINNESOTA HISTORY REFERENCE MATERIALS
MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
A.C. Clark Library, Bemidji State University
Bemidji, MN 56601 • (218) 755-2955
LEECH LAKE AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
P.O. Box 1089, Walker, MN 56484 • (218) 547-1313
GRAND RAPIDS AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
1 Third Street NW, Grand Rapids, MN 55744
(218) 326-6619 • 1-800-GRAND MN
GRAND RAPIDS AREA CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU
1 Third Street NW, Grand Rapids, MN 55744
(218) 326-9607 • 1-800-355-9740
SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS
Outdoor recreation is dependent on a healthy and attractive
natural environment. Sustainable outdoor recreation enables
people to enjoy the outdoors without negative impacts on the
environment. Communities working together can improve
water resources by promoting environmentally sensitive
land-use practices along rivers and throughout watersheds.
Natural shoreline buffers improve water quality by filtering out
pollutants and sediments. Healthy and diverse native shoreline
plant communities are attractive and provide important habitat
for birds and wildlife.
Natural
Shorelands
40% evaporation
10% runoff
50% infiltration
Altered Shorelands
30% evaporation
55% runoff
15% infiltration