palmscale 5 0

Challenges and successes in the
commercialization and use of Biological
Control Agents in the Caribbean
Dr. Yelitza Colmenarez; Dr. Ian Gibbs and Dr. Matthew Ciomperlik
Intensive Trade
Introduced pests
in the last 7 years
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Pink Hibiscus mealybug: Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae)
Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae)
Citrus leafminer: Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Asian Citrus Psylla: Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Broad mite: Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Arachnida: Acarina:
Tarsonemidae)
Tomato Russet mite: Aculops lycopersici (Arachnida: Acarina:
Eriophyidae)
West Indian Fruit Fly: Anastrepha obliqua (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)
Varroa mite: Varroa jacobsoni (Arachnida: Acari: Varroidae)
Gooseberry moth: Melanchroa chepesea (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Gliricidia moth: Azeta melanea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Red Palm Mite: Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
New Pest: Crypticerya genistae (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
Introduced pests
in the last 6 years
Conventional
pesticides
New Legislation
- Caribbean Pesticide
Control Board
CARICOM
Ministry of Agriculture
CARDI
IICA
CABI
USDA
Alternatives Methods of control
IPM – Biological Control
Challenges
Suggested alternatives
products
Challenges – Availability in the
local market
•Increase collaboration with
existing laboratories,
companies in the region.
Challenges
– Farmers are not familiar
with the BC agents
-Acceptation from the
farmers
- Calendar of applications
Challenges – Infrastructure
- Equipment
Challenges - Infrastructure
Challenges – production
- Distribution
Successes and opportunities
Successes and opportunities
Successes and opportunities
Successes and opportunities
Government Support
Biological Control Programmes
1.
Pink Hibiscus mealybug:
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae)
2.
Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus
marginatus (Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae)
3.
Citrus leafminer: Phyllocnistis citrella
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
4.
Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis
yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae.
5.
Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Biological Control Programmes
1. Pink Hibiscus mealybug: Maconellicoccus hirsutus
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Source: USDA and University of
Hawaii
Biological Control Programmes
1. Pink Hibiscus mealybug: Maconellicoccus hirsutus
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Anagyrus kamali
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Source: University of Florida and
USDA
Biological Control Programmes
2. Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus
(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Biological Control Programmes
2. Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus
(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Biological Control Programmes
2. Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus
(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Acerophagus papayae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae))
Anagyrus loecki (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Biological Control Programmes
2. Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Biological Control Programmes
2. Papayae mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 1: Trend in papaya mealybug calls for the period Jan 2001- Dec 2003
2001-2003
120
100
80
60
40
20
Month
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M
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0
M
P a p a ya M e aly b u g c a lls
140
Biological Control Programmes
3. Citrus leafminer: Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Biological Control Programmes
3. Citrus leafminer: Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenop.: Encyrtidae)
Cirrospilus sp. (Hymenop.: Eulophidae)
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Male
Female
Source: University of Florida
Female
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Coccobius fulvus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Source: University of Florida
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Cybocephalus binotatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Male
Female
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Biological Control Programmes
4. Sago Palm Scale: Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:
Diaspididae)
Biological Control Programmes
5. Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Biological Control Programmes
5. Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Biological Control Programmes
5. Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Franklinothrips vespiformis (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)
Biological Control Programmes
5. Chilli Trips: Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera :Anthocoridae)
Biological Control Programmes
Final considerations
– Successful programmes have increased acceptance
and use of Biological Control as a viable pest
management strategy in the region.
- The Government is interested in improve the existing
facilities and facilitate the tools to enable a sustainable
production in the Caribbean
Thank you !!!