14.Kuttara

(14. Kuttara)
14.Kuttara
Continuously Monitored by JMA
Latitude: 42°30'19" N, Longitude: 141°08'40" E, Elevation: 377 m
(Hiyoriyama) (Elevation Point)
Latitude: 42°29・29" N, Longitude: 141°09'35" E, Elevation: 549 m (Shihorei)
(Triangulation Point - Onsenzan)
Kuttara from front to back: Jigokudani, Oyunuma, Hiyoriyama, taken from south side on July 19, 2011 by the Japan
Meteorological Agency
Summary
Kuttara is a stratovolcano, consisting of basalt and andesite (The SiO 2 content is between 50.0 and 75.1 wt %). Until
approximately 45,000 to 80,000 years ago, repeated large eruptions occurred at multiple craters, accompanied by pyroclastic
flows. The activity leading up to approximately 40,000 years ago produced a circular caldera with 3 km in diameter (Moriizumi,
1998).
The Noboribetsu volcano is a post-caldera volcano, located at the western foot of the Kuttara volcano. Jigokudani and
Oyunuma are explosive crater groups formed by phreatic eruptions. Hiyoriyama is a dacitic lava dome. Fumarole and
geothermal activity continue in the Hiyoriyama explosion crater.
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Photos and Topography around the Crater
Area around Oyunuma, taken from northeast side on
June 19, 2011 by the Japan Meteorological Agency
Jigokudani, taken from southwest side on May 22, 2007
by the Japan Meteorological Agency
Hiyoriyama Summit Explosion Crater, taken from southeast
side on April 26, 2011 by the Japan Meteorological Agency
Lake Kuttara, taken from east side on February 15, 2010
by the Japan Meteorological Agency
Figure 14-1 Topography around the crater
Camera image of 414 m Mountain on October 31, 2011 by the Japan Meteorological Agency
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Red Relief Image Map
Hiyoriyama
Lake Kuttara
Shihorei
Figure 14-2 Topography of Kuttara.
1:50,000 scale topographic maps (Noboribetsu Onsen and Tokushunbetsuyama) and digital map 50 m grid (elevation) published by
the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan were used.
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Chronology of Eruptions
・Volcanic Activity in the Past 10,000 Years
After the formation of the Hiyoriyama lava dome by volcanic activity, which began at the western foot of the volcano approximately
15,000 years ago, repeated phreatic eruptions began approximately 8,000 years ago, resulting in the formation of Oyunuma and
Jigokudani. The most recent eruption formed the Hiyoriyama - Oyunuma - Urajigoku crater chain. The deposits from this eruption
cover the volcanic ash deposited by the 1663 eruption of Usuzan, so the most recent volcanic activity is estimated to have occurred
approximately 200 years ago (Katsui et al., 1988; Toriguchi et al., 2005; Goto and Danhara, 2011; Goto et al., 2011).
Period
10←→1.7ka
Area of
Activity
Oyunuma or
Jigokudani
Eruption Type
Phreatic
eruption
Main Phenomena / Volume of Magma
7 eruptions occurred during this period (all with tephra fall).
1.9←→1.7ka
Oyunuma or
Phreatic
Pyroclastic fall.
Jigokudani
eruption
0.2ka
Hiyoriyama Phreatic
Tephra fall (Noboribetsu air-fall pyroclastic deposits).
Jigokudani eruption
Total ejecta: 1.7x10 5 m 3 . (VEI 1)
Urajigoku
crater chain
* Reference documents have been appended with reference to the catalog of eruptive events during the last 10,000 years in Japan,
database of Japanese active volcanoes, and AIST (Kudo and Hoshizumi, 2006 ) for eruptive period, area of activity and eruption
type. All years are noted in calendar years. "ka" within the table indicates "1000 years ago", with the year 2000 set as 0 ka.
A←→B: Eruption events taking place at some point between year A and year B
・Historical Activity
There are no records of volcanic activity.
Major Volcanic Activities
・Eruption Approximately 200 Years Ago
Figure 14-3 Distribution of tephra at the formation of Hiyoriyama summit crater (Goto et al., 2011).
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Figure 14-4 Distribution of ejecta from eruption at Jigokudani explosion crater, approximately 200 years ago (Katsui et al., 1988).
Recent Volcanic Activity
・Time series of activity
Figure 14-5 Volcano activity (January, 2004 to June, 2012).
Gray areas indicate the period of missing data
①Fume heights at Hiyoriyama
②Number of volcanic earthquakes
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・Seismic Activity
Figure 14-6 Activity of shallow VT earthquakes (blue circles) and deep low-frequency earthquakes (red circles) observed by a
regional seismometer network (October 1, 1997, to June 30, 2012). Epicenter distribution (upper left), space-time plot (N-S
cross-section) (upper right), E-W cross-section (lower left) and magnitude-time diagram (lower right).
・Temperatures at the Hiyoriyama Fumarole
Figure 14-7 Time series of fumarole temperature at the summit crater of Hiyoriyama (1994 to 2012).
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Information on Disaster Prevention
①Hazard Map
Disaster Prevention Map - Protecting Yourself from Natural Disasters - Published by Noboribetsu in December, 2006
http://www.city.noboribetsu.lg.jp/somu/bousai/hazard/page/kuttara.pdf
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Social Circumstances
①Populations
・Noboribetsu City:51,847 (25,002 households) (as of end of October, 2011)
・Shiraoi Town:19,357 (9,717 households) (as of end of October, 2011)
②National Parks, Quasi-National Parks, Number of Climbers
・Shikotsu-Toya National Park (Shikotsu, Jozankei, Noboribetsu areas)
Noboribetsu Onsen area estimated number of sightseers per year: 3,042,258 in 2010
③Facilities
・Noboribetsu City
・Noboribetsu History Museum
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Monitoring Network
Wide Area
* Monitoring sites with multiple observation instruments are indicated by small black dots, and other symbols indicate types of monitoring.
Hiyoriyama
Noboribetsu
1:200,000 scale regional maps (Tomakomai and Muroran) published by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan were used.
Legend
(JMA)
(GSI)
seismometer(SP)
GPS
GPS
tiltmeter
(NIED)
infrasonic microphone
Hi-net
visual camera
K-NET
seismic intensity
KiK-net
seismometer(SP)
(For earthquakes and tsunamis)
Figure 14-8 Regional monitoring network.
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(Hokkaido Univ.)
seismometer(SP)
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In and Around the Summit
* Monitoring sites with multiple observation instruments are indicated by small black dots, and other symbols indicate types of monitoring.
Hiyoriyama
Lake Kuttara
Shihorei
1:50,000 scale topographic map (Noboribetsu Onsen, Tokushunbetsuyama and Shiraoi) published by the Geospatial
Information Authority of Japan were used.
Legend
(JMA)
(GSI)
seismometer(SP)
GPS
GPS
tiltmeter
(NIED)
infrasonic microphone
Hi-net
visual camera
K-NET
seismic intensity
KiK-net
seismometer(SP)
(For earthquakes and tsunamis)
Figure 14-9 Local monitoring network.
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(Hokkaido Univ.)
seismometer(SP)
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Bibliography
Goto, Y., Danhara. T (2011) Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 56,19-23.
Goto, Y., et al. (2011) Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 56, 147-152.
Katsui, Y., et al. (1988) Committee for Prevention and Disasters of Hokkaido, 99p (in Japanese).
Moriizumi, M. (1998) Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 43, 95-111 (in Japanese with English Abstract).
Noboribetsu City (2006) Hazard map of Noboribetsu City (in Japanese).
Toriguchi et al. (2005) Abstract Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Japan, 10 (in Japanese).
Yamagata, K. (1994) Jour.Geograpgy. 103(3), 268-285 (in Japanese with English Abstract).
Yamazaki, T. (1986) Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku) 40, 221-223 (in Japanese).
(Goto, Y., Murakami, M., and Nakagawa, M.)G
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