ROYAL CLARENCE YARD GOSPORT HAMPSHIRE

Transcription

ROYAL CLARENCE YARD
GOSPORT
HAMPSHIRE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION
PHASE AREAS B AND C
WATCHING BRIEF
PHASE AREAS C AND D
CA PROJECT: 1423
CA REPORT: 02109
Author:
D Kenyon
Approved:
M Watts
Signed:
…………………………………………………………….
Issue: 02
Date: 3 MARCH 2003
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any
third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report
entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology
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E-mail: [email protected]
Royal Clarence Yard Gosport: Archaeological Excavation and Watching Brief
CONTENTS
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 3
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4
The site ................................................................................................................ 5
Historical and archaeological background ........................................................... 5
Archaeological objectives .................................................................................... 6
Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7
2. RESULTS ................................................................................................................... 8
Area B; Flagstaff Green ....................................................................................... 8
Areas C and D; The Salt Meat Store ................................................................... 8
Area C; Brewhouse Square ................................................................................. 11
The Finds ............................................................................................................. 12
3. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 13
Area B; Flagstaff Green ....................................................................................... 13
Areas C and D; The Salt Meat Store ................................................................... 14
Area C; Brewhouse Square ................................................................................. 17
4. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 18
5. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 20
APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS...................................................................... 21
APPENDIX 2: THE FINDS ................................................................................................ 42
APPENDIX 3: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES ...................... 44
1
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1
Site location plan
Fig. 2
Royal Clarence Yard, with areas of excavation and watching brief (1:2000)
Fig. 3
Area B: plan of excavated features and historic phases (1:100)
Fig. 4
Areas B, C and D showing 1716 plan of Phase I buildings (Bodleian Lib. MS. Gough
Misc. Antiq. 2)
Fig. 5
Areas C and D: plan of excavated features (1:200)
Fig. 6
Detail of southern part of areas C and D (1:100)
Fig. 7
Areas C and D: Phase I (1:250)
Fig. 8
1716 plan of Phase I buildings (Bodleian Lib. MS. Gough Misc. Antiq. 2)
Fig. 9
Areas C and D: Phase II (1:250)
Fig. 10 Late 18th century plan of Phase II buildings (Gifford and Partners B1790/MSD/M/77)
(not to scale)
Fig. 11 Areas C and D: Phase IV (1:250)
Fig. 12 1830
plan
of
early
Phase
IV
‘Arcade’
building
(Gifford
and
Partners
B1790/MSD/M/61) (not to scale)
Fig. 13 1911 plan of later Phase IV Salt Meat Store building (Gifford and Partners
B1790/MSD/L/25) (not to scale)
Fig. 14 Areas C and D: Phase V (1:250)
Fig. 15 Areas C and D: Phase VI (1:250)
Fig. 16 Area C: section A, elevation of walls 5138/5133 (1:25)
Fig. 17 Area C: section B, elevation of vault 5098 (1:25)
Fig. 18 Area C: Brewhouse Square, limestone setts 6057 (1:200)
Fig. 19 Area C: Brewhouse Square, features below setts 6057 (1:200)
Fig. 20 Area C: section C and profile A, elevations of revetment 6039 (1:25)
Fig. 21 Area B: Flagstaff Green and wall 5006, looking south-east. Scale 1m
Fig. 22 Area C: the excavation area, looking north. Scale 2m
Fig. 23 Area C: brick vault 5024, looking east. Scales 1m, 1m and 0.2m
Fig. 24 Area C: kiln 5124, looking south. Scales both 1m
Fig. 25 Area C: walls 5128 and 5138 looking south. Scales both 1m
Fig. 26 Area C: walls 5109 and 5112 looking east. Scale 1m
Fig. 27 Area C: Brewhouse Square and cobbled surface 6057, looking east
Fig. 28 Area C: detail of cobbled surface 6057. Scales both 1m
Fig. 29 Area C: surface 6057 with central gutter, looking east. Scales both 1m
Fig. 30 Area C: Revetment 6039, looking west. Scale 2m
2
SUMMARY
Site Name:
Royal Clarence Yard
Location:
Gosport, Hampshire
NGR:
SU 617 105
Type:
Excavation and watching brief
Date:
9 September-15 November 2002
Location of archive:
Hampshire Museum Service
Accession Number:
A.2000.41
Site Code:
B1790
Following an archaeological evaluation in June 2002, an archaeological excavation and
watching brief was undertaken in September 2002 by Cotswold Archaeology (CA) at the
request of Gifford and Partners (on the behalf of Berkeley Homes (Hampshire) Ltd) at Royal
Clarence Yard, Gosport. In compliance with an approved project design, two areas totalling
1137m2 were excavated, and groundworks over a further area of approximately 2200m2
were monitored during an archaeological watching brief.
The excavation revealed a series of wall footings associated with historic phases of building
on the site, the presence of which had been indicated during the evaluation. These included
parts of several brewery buildings, the earliest dating from a late 17th to early 18th-century
phase of construction, as well as a later 18th-century structure, and parts of a sequence of
19th-century salt meat store buildings. Evidence of 20th-century wartime bomb damage to
the site was also uncovered.
The watching brief revealed further portions of the structures already identified in the
excavation area, as well as features associated with an earlier waterfront, during ground
remediation works in Brewhouse Square.
3
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
In September 2002 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological
excavation for Gifford and Partners (on behalf of Berkeley Homes (Hampshire) Ltd)
at Royal Clarence Yard, Gosport (centred on NGR: SU 617 105; Fig. 1). The
excavation formed part of a series of phases of archaeological work associated with
the redevelopment of Royal Clarence Yard as a residential and leisure complex. The
excavation was undertaken in advance of remediation works for the removal of an oil
pipeline that was a potential source of hydrocarbon contamination. The scope of this
phase of archaeological works was defined following archaeological evaluation of the
pipeline route (see 1.9 below) and subsequent discussions between Martin Watts (CA),
Andrea Parsons (Gifford and Partners) and Ian Wykes (Hampshire County Council).
Following on from the excavation, CA also undertook a period of archaeological
watching brief from 1st October to 15th November 2002 while the remediation works
took place adjacent to and through the excavation area, and in Brewhouse Square to
the east of the excavated area.
1.2
The excavation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of
Investigation prepared by CA (2002), guided by the Standard and Guidance for
Archaeological Excavation (IFA 1999), the Management of Archaeological Projects
(English Heritage 1991) and by the detailed information contained within a Written
Scheme of Investigation prepared by Gifford (Gifford and Partners 2002a). The
fieldwork was monitored by Andrea Parsons (Gifford and Partners) and Ian Wykes,
Senior Archaeologist, Hampshire County Council, including a site visit on 17
September 2002. The watching brief was carried out in accordance with the
Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs (IFA 1999), and was
also monitored by Andrea Parsons (Gifford and Partners).
1.3
Fieldwork was undertaken by David Kenyon and Michael Rowe, assisted by Derek
Evans, Carol Simmonds, Kevin Colls and Kelly Clapperton. Finds analysis was by
Ed McSloy. The report was written by David Kenyon. The illustrations were prepared
by Peter Moore and Lorna Gray. The archive has been compiled by David Kenyon,
and prepared for deposition by Ed McSloy. The project was managed for CA by
Martin Watts.
4
The site
1.4
Royal Clarence Yard lies on the western shore of Portsmouth Harbour, near to the
historic centre of Gosport. The yard is bounded to the south by Mumby Road, and to
the west by the surviving earthworks of the 18th-century ‘Gosport lines’. To the east
and north the yard lies on the shore of Portsmouth Harbour (Fig. 2). The site slopes
gently from west to east, falling from approximately 6.5m AOD at its highest point, to
approximately 3.5m AOD on the waterfront. The area of redevelopment was divided
into a series of ‘Phase Areas’ in order to schedule archaeological works as
construction work proceeds (Gifford and Partners 2002b). The works covered by this
report took place in Phase Areas B, C, and D, referred to simply as ‘Area B’, ‘Area
C’ etc. below.
1.5
The underlying geology of the area is mapped as estuarine alluvial gravels,
interbedded with silty clays, overlying Bracklesham Bed clays silts and sands
(Gifford and Partners 1999).
1.6
The site is currently occupied by storage buildings, offices, and areas of
hardstanding associated with the former naval yard. These were disused at the time
of the excavation, awaiting renovation or demolition.
Historical and archaeological background
1.7
Details of the archaeological and historical background, and the context of the works
undertaken during this project, are contained within the specification (Gifford and
Partners 2002b) for the site prepared by Gifford, and the Archaeological
Management Plan (Gifford and Partners 2001), as well as in the Draft Historic Study
(Gifford and Partners 1999, updated as Phillpotts 2002).
1.8
In summary, the earliest buildings on the site date from Weevil plantation, which was
established in the 1690s and included a brewery providing beer for the navy. During
the 18th century the brewery expanded to become the core of a developing
victualling yard which in 1751 was formally taken over by the navy. Victualling
activity continued to increase throughout the later 18th century and the Napoleonic
wars. From the 1820s onwards the yard underwent a major expansion and
reconstruction, and many of the substantial historic buildings surviving on the site
date from this period. The complex suffered significant bomb damage during the
5
Second World War, and further post-war reconstruction took place until the site
passed out of naval use in the 1990s.
1.9
A wide range of archaeological investigation and recording has been undertaken as
part of the ongoing re-development of Royal Clarence Yard. This has included
phases of watching brief on groundworks and recording of the standing historic
buildings undertaken by Gifford and Partners. In June 2002, CA (then Cotswold
Archaeological Trust; CAT) carried out an archaeological evaluation of an oil
pipeline route, and other areas of potential hydrocarbon contamination (CAT 2002).
Well-preserved footings and foundations dating from several historic phases of
victualling yard buildings and structures were identified in a number of the evaluation
trenches. From the results of the evaluation and from a consideration of the
expected limits of remediation work, the archaeological excavation of two areas was
identified as appropriate mitigation in advance of the remediation work, supported by
a watching brief during remediation (Gifford and Partners 2002a).
Archaeological objectives
1.10
The principal aims of the archaeological excavation and watching brief were:

To ensure that a full and detailed record of the archaeological site was compiled;

To understand the nature of the archaeological resource within the site, including
layout, function, development and use;

To consider the site within its local and regional landscape, and to consider its
national significance;

To analyse the primary data appropriately, and provide an interpretative
synthesis of the data for dissemination (publication);

To ensure dissemination is achieved and that the archive is deposited with the
appropriate repository.
6
Methodology
1.11
The two areas of excavation are shown on Fig. 2. To the west (Area B), a trench
covering an area of approximately 187m² was excavated in the vicinity of Flagstaff
Green. To the East (Area C), a trench covering an area of approximately 950m² was
excavated to the east of the former Salt Meat Lane. The total area of excavation was
therefore approximately 1137m².
1.12
After the breaking out and removal of the concrete and tarmac surfacing (and other
obstructions) under archaeological supervision, machine excavation continued with
the removal of non-significant deposits (in this instance, post-1850) over and around
the surviving wall foundations and other structures. All machine excavation following
the removal of surfaces and related deposits was undertaken with a toothless
grading bucket under archaeological supervision.
1.13
Following machining, all archaeological features revealed were cleaned, planned
and recorded in accordance with Technical Manual 1 Excavation Recording Manual
(CAT 1996). Each context was recorded on a pro-forma context sheet by written and
measured description, principal deposits were recorded by drawn plans (scale 1:20
or 1:50 as appropriate) and sections (scale 1:10 or 1:20 as appropriate).
Photographs (monochrome print and colour transparencies) were also taken as
appropriate. All finds were bagged separately and related to the context record. All
artefacts recovered were retained and processed for analysis in accordance with
Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (CAT 1995).
1.14
Subsequent to the excavation, a watching brief was maintained on the remediation
works in two areas. An area totalling 1560m2 was monitored to the east of the Area
C excavation trench in Brewhouse Square, and a second area totalling 630m2 was
observed along Salt Meat Lane, within Area D, but adjacent to the western side of
the Area C excavation trench. A range of further archaeological deposits were
uncovered in these areas, and these were recorded in a similar manner to that
described above for the excavation areas.
1.15
The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their
offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the site archive
(including artefacts) will be deposited with Hampshire Museum Service under
accession number A.2000.41.
7
2.
RESULTS
2.1
This section provides an overview of the excavation and watching brief results. Parts
of the watching brief were undertaken in areas within or adjacent to the excavation
areas. In such cases the results from the two phases of work are described
together. Elsewhere, where only one phase of work took place, this is described
separately. Detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found
in Appendices 1 and 2 respectively. Details of the relative heights of the principal
deposits and features expressed as metres above Ordnance Datum (m AOD)
appear in Appendix 3.
Area B; Flagstaff Green
2.2
A trench measuring approximately 18m east/west and 11m north/south was
excavated on Flagstaff Green (Figs 3, 4 and 21). The northern half of this trench lay
within an area of tarmac car park and the southern half within the grass and
flowerbeds of the central green. Below the modern garden soil and road surface, a
subsoil layer approximately 0.2m thick was encountered at a depth of approximately
0.3m below the modern ground surface. In turn this overlaid natural gravels. These
two latter deposits were cut by a series of archaeological features.
2.3
A footing for a wall (5006) crossed the trench from east to west. This consisted of a
0.4m-wide trench cut through the subsoil and gravel and filled with large irregular
limestone blocks. Along part of its length traces of the wall itself, built of brick,
survived a single course high on top of the stone footing. An undated ditch (5011),
and two shallow gullies (5017 and 5023), were also identified running parallel with
the wall on its north side. Gully 5017 contained a single lead pistol ball of 17th to
19th-century date. Two bowl-shaped circular features were uncovered, filled with
20th-century rubble and debris. It is likely that these are craters left by Second
World War bombing of the site. The larger of the two (5009) was 5m in diameter,
while the smaller (5015) was 2.5m across. Several modern service trenches also
crossed the excavated area from east to west.
Areas C and D; The Salt Meat Store
8
2.4
A second trench was excavated to the east of Salt Meat Lane, measuring
approximately 50m north/south and a maximum of 25m east/west (Figs 5, 6 and 22).
Subsequently the area immediately to the west of this trench along Salt Meat Lane,
and portions of the excavation trench itself at its south-west and south-east corners,
were subject to a watching brief during remediation.
2.5
The whole of the area was covered by layers of concrete and tarmac hard-standing,
and by associated hard-core layers. Beneath these, a layer of large squared
flagstone fragments was found; (5027, not illustrated) mixed with a variety of other
building debris. This material appeared to be the remains of a floor, deliberately
broken out, but with the resulting rubble left in situ. Below this rubble a series of wall
footings and other building foundations were uncovered, cutting into the underlying
natural gravel. In some cases the lower limits of these footings were not revealed as
they lay below the limits of excavation as outlined in the Written Scheme of
Investigation. Earlier features at the southern end of the site had also been
disturbed and truncated by the construction of a series of buried services which
crossed the excavation area. These included a large electrical junction box (5117),
and the oil pipeline itself (5150), which passed obliquely from north-west to southeast.
2.6
In the south-west corner of the trench a brick built arch (5024) was uncovered (Fig.
23). This was stratigraphically isolated as it was truncated on all sides by modern
services. A further surviving portion of the same structure (5098) was revealed in
section in a test trench cut through the pavement to the south of the main
excavation area (Fig. 17).
2.7
Towards the southern end of the excavation, a 25m length of stone-built wall footing
(5138) was uncovered crossing the trench from east to west. This had a
construction style similar to footing 5006 identified in Area B. At its eastern end,
footing 5138 survived to a height of up to 1.0m, and courses of dressed stone (5137
and 5160) also survived over the footings (Fig. 16). A length of north/south-aligned
stone wall footing (5128), extending 3.5m north from footing 5138, was of similar
construction style with no discernible abutment, thus was probably also part of the
same building (Fig. 25). Adjacent to this was a 3.5m-wide square stone structure
(5124), which contained brick rubble (5126) with evidence of burning, and which
was interpreted as the remains of a kiln (Fig. 24). A clay pipe bowl of 17th or early
18th-century form was found in association with footing 5138.
9
2.8
Built on top of footing 5138 at its western end was a later wall (5133), constructed in
brick and surviving up to three courses high. At the western end of wall 5133 was a
shallow semi-circular recess in the brickwork, containing traces of a cobbled floor
surface (5158). A series of short north/south-aligned walls (5119, 5122, 5123, 5127,
5130 and 5131) of similar construction to 5133 were also uncovered extending
northwards from it; these had all clearly once been part of the same building.
2.9
To the west of this building were curving walls representing different phases of well
construction. Curving wall 6068 was uncovered during the watching brief, while a
narrower shaft (5115) was exposed during the excavation.
2.10
Three substantial brick wall footings (5090, 5109, and 5112) crossed the central part
of the site on an east/west alignment (Fig. 26). The two northern walls, 5090 and
5109, were parallel and part of the same building. Wall 5112, while built in a similar
style, was aligned more north-east/south-west, forming an acute angle with wall
5109. An additional length of north/south aligned wall (6060) was also uncovered
during the watching brief which was visible along the whole length of Salt Meat
Lane.
2.11
A row of large stone pier bases ran parallel to wall 6060 down the centre of the
trench. These were single squared slabs of stone over 1m across and 0.15m thick,
supported on brick footings. Traces of circular iron columns that the bases had once
supported were visible in the centre of each. Several of the bases had been
dislodged from their brick footings, probably during the breaking up of the floor
forming rubble layer 5027. Five bases were exposed running north/south, while
three further bases aligned east/west were found to the south. To the east of the
stone bases, a row of six brick plinths were also uncovered. The alignment of these
was slightly east of north/south, placing them at an angle to the larger stone bases.
2.12
A series of brick-built drains and culverts were found associated with the stone
bases, and it is likely that these formed a drainage system for the building supported
by these columns. These included small east/west-aligned drains (5043 and 5047)
and a larger arched culvert running north-west/south-east (5104). A short length of
parallel culvert (5144) was also uncovered at the eastern limit of the excavation. The
construction of this had truncated wall 5138, and an area of brick revetting of the
wall (5136) was apparent (Fig. 16). Both culverts connected with an east/west-
10
aligned culvert (5141) at the south-eastern corner of the excavated area. During the
watching brief a further length of this culvert (6059) was uncovered running along
Salt Meat Lane.
2.13
The central part of the excavation area was occupied by a large modern tank (within
5053) which had truncated all earlier features, including one of the stone bases. To
the north a ‘T’-shaped portion of brick wall footing survived (5029). This wall was
aligned slightly east of north/south, corresponding with the alignment of walls 5119
etc. at the southern end of the site, and clearly once formed part of the same
structure. Two narrower footings extended from the western side of this wall, and
although the wall itself did not survive further south, the remains of a further four
similarly narrow footings were uncovered. Straight brickwork joints with wall 5029
suggest that these walls were built subsequent to the construction of wall 5029 itself.
2.14
During the watching brief up to 2m depth of material was removed below the former
ground surface level along Salt Meat Lane. The presence of the oil pipe-line had
truncated much of the earlier deposits in this area, but features including several
lengths of wall (6062), part of a well (6061) and the culvert mentioned above were
identified.
Area C; Brewhouse Square
2.15
An area of hardstanding of approximately 60m by 30m was removed from
Brewhouse Square (Figs 18, 27, 28 and 29). This revealed a cobbled surface (6057)
that extended beyond the limits of excavation to the north, south and west, and was
defined on its eastern side by former tram tracks. Surface 6057 comprised of largely
regular, dark grey limestone setts of differing sizes and patterns in various parts of
the site. Numerous modern services cut through and disrupted this surface, and
there were places were the setts had been lifted and re-laid over later services.
2.16
Below the surface of the setts was a deep deposit of re-deposited gravel (6000).
This extended to the full depth of the excavation, which, due to the nature of the
remediation work, varied considerably across the area from less than 0.8m to over
4m below the modern surface. Cut into and buried under this material were a
number of features of archaeological significance (Fig. 19).
11
2.17
Most notable was a substantial and reasonably well-preserved wooden structure
(6039) that consisted of vertically set posts with wooden planking attached to the
outer (eastern) sides forming a timber revetment. This converged with a second
revetment aligned at 90 degrees and with its outer face to the north (6013/6044), at
the southern limit of excavation. In addition to the planking, revetment 6039 had at
least one horizontal beam attached (Fig. 20).
2.18
Immediately west of revetment 6039, the fragmentary remains of a cobbled surface
(6053) were identified. Further west a single length of mortared stone wall (6049)
was recorded, which lay on roughly the same alignment as revetment 6013, and
was abutted by a possible tile surface (6050).
2.19
In an area of deeper excavation, two posts (6040) were observed to the west of
revetment 6039. Below this, at a depth of around 4m below the modern ground
level, the remains of a wall (6042) constructed of unbonded large stone blocks was
recorded lying on the same alignment as revetment 6039, but otherwise not directly
linked to it.
2.20
To the east, a pair of machine-cut timber and concrete constructions running parallel
with the existing wharf wall were identified. These consisted of eleven vertically set
rectangular timbers (6030 and 6008) with larger square support posts (6009, 6019,
6031 and 6036) to the west and deposits of concrete (6038 and 6058) over 1m deep
to the east. Towards the north-eastern limit of excavation the tops of three vertically
set wooden posts (6003, 6033 and 6034) and two areas of clay (6035) were
revealed at the full depth of excavation, all of which appeared to be constructional.
2.21
A large number of services were uncovered, including a number of brick culverts
comparable with those identified in Areas C and D, and which fed into a large
outflow culvert (6006) cutting diagonally across the excavated area.
The Finds
2.22
A catalogue of the artefactual material recovered during the excavation is contained
in Appendix 2. Six sherds of pottery were recovered. The earliest material was of
17th or 18th-century date, while the remainder consisted of 19th or 20th-century
porcelain and English stoneware sherds. Six fragments of clay pipe were also
12
retrieved; most were stem fragments broadly datable to the 17th to 19th centuries. A
single pipe bowl from 5138 was datable by form to 1680–1710.
2.23
Ceramic building material recovered included fragments of tile and a number of
complete bricks. Samples of brick from the various phases of walls uncovered were
collected, which may provide comparative information regarding the construction
date of various buildings surviving within the victualling complex. Non-ceramic
artefacts were restricted to fragments of post-medieval/early modern green (wine)
bottle glass and a number of metal items.
3.
DISCUSSION
3.1
The excavated trenches and watching brief revealed a series of wall footings,
foundations and other features. The earliest of these were probably associated with
Players Plantation and Weevil House and its brewery, dating from the late 17th or
early 18th century. Later footings were consistent with structures from later
documented phases of the site dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. Evidence
was also found of 20th-century bomb damage. A series of historic plans of the
development area were identified in the course of the Draft Historic Study (Gifford
and Partners 1999). In the majority of cases it was possible to relate the walls
uncovered in the excavation to buildings depicted on these plans. It has therefore
been possible to allocate the excavated remains to the historic phases of
development as outlined in the Historic Study.
Area B; Flagstaff Green
Phase I (1690-1751)
3.2
The Historic Study identified that remains of the late 17th-century Weevil House
might survive in this area. The alignment of wall 5006 corresponds with that of the
northern garden wall of Weevil House as depicted on the ‘Gough’ plan of 1716 (Fig.
4). Two fragments of clay pipe-stem consistent with this date were recovered from
the footing trench. The similarity of alignment of ditch 5011, and gullies 5017 and
5023 suggests that they were contemporary with the wall.
Phase VI (1941-Present)
13
3.3
This phase is represented by the two probable bomb craters. The difference in
crater size may be a reflection of the different surfaces, with crater 5009 in a softer
grassed area and crater 5015 in a hard road surface. The two craters are aligned
with the bomb-damaged portion of the north-eastern corner of the Cooperage,
offering the possibility that these two impacts were part of the same linear ‘stick’ of
bombs.
3.4
Three further features were uncovered, two of which (5019 and 5021) were service
trenches while the third (5013) was likely to be the product of modern gardening.
Areas C and D; The Salt Meat Store
Phase I (1690-1751)
3.5
A large building dating from this phase was depicted within the excavation area on
the Gough plan of 1716, where it was described as a ‘Screening Room for Malt’
(Fig. 8). Wall footing 5138 had an alignment corresponding with the southern wall of
this building, and had a construction style similar to the Phase I footing 5006
identified in Area B. This footing had been used to support a Phase II building (see
below), but was likely to have been originally constructed as part of the late 17th or
early 18th-century brewery complex (Fig. 7). Footing 5128, bonded with wall 5138,
was likely also to be part of the brewery building, as was kiln 5124, the location of
which is noted on the Gough plan. The 1716 plan also shows a well to the west of
the building, and this corresponds with wall 6068 uncovered during the watching
brief, probably a surviving portion of the early well shaft. The well shaft was later
narrowed and re-lined (see Phase V below).
3.6
The brick built arch (5024/5098) had an orientation similar to that of the early ‘Great
Brewhouse’ depicted on the Gough plans, but the Brewhouse itself is depicted
further to the south, so it is possible that this vault formed part of a later extension to
this building, constructed after the plan was completed. A later plan of the Phase II
buildings on the site marked an ‘Old Well’ on this location (Fig. 10), so this feature
may have functioned as a reservoir or cistern.
Phase II (1751-1780)
3.7
As noted above, a second building was constructed utilising the footings of the
southern wall of the Phase I building. It is likely that this building was the ‘New
Brewhouse’, constructed in 1757 (Phillpotts 2002), and shown on an undated (but
14
probably late 18th-century) survey of the victualling yard (Fig.10). This building
would appear to have replaced the Phase I malt store which was demolished
following the naval acquisition of the site in 1751.
3.8
This second building shared a common south-western corner with the Phase I
building, but extended further to both the north and east. The base of the southern
wall of this building (5133) survived as brickwork built on top of footing 5138 (Fig.
16). Wall 5119 probably represents a short length of the southern end of the western
wall of this building, continuing as wall 5029 as far as the north-western corner (Fig.
9). Further internal walls were identified running northwards from wall 5133.
3.9
The row of six brick plinths running parallel to the western wall of this building
probably represent the bases of internal columns supporting the roof of an interior
open space. The curved recess in the brickwork (5158) appears to have been part
of the circular floor for a horse-engine used to power the malting process, as
depicted on the historic plan in this location, however the short walls abutting the
western wall of this building are not depicted on any known historic plans. Straight
brickwork joints with wall 5029 indicates that these were added, possibly for use as
a series of stores or animal shelters.
Phase III (1780-1828)
3.10
Although various changes took place in other parts of the yard after 1780, none
affected any of the structures within the excavated area, thus no phase plan is
included for Phase III. The nearest significant change was the demolition of the
Phase I ‘Great Brewhouse’ in 1786, opening up a space immediately to the south of
the excavation area (Phillpotts 2002).
Phase IV (1828-1857)
3.11
Major building works were undertaken throughout Royal Clarence Yard during the
period encompassed by Phase IV, and this is reflected in the series of substantial
brick-built wall footings in the southern part of the site (Figs 11 and 26). A historic
plan of 1830 (Fig. 12) depicts an ‘Arcade’ structure on the site formerly occupied by
the Phase II ‘New Brewhouse’ (demolished in 1828). This had a southern wall set at
an oblique angle to the remainder of the building to the north, and this is likely to
correspond with excavated wall 5112 (shown hatched on Fig. 11). This building was
very short lived, if it was completed at all, since it was succeeded shortly afterwards
15
by the large ‘Salt Meat Store’ building constructed in 1831. A detailed plan of this
latter building also survives, dated 1911 (Fig. 13), and shows the structure that walls
5090, 5109 and 6060 were a part of (Fig. 11). The locations of the excavated stone
pier bases also correspond with the depicted locations of supporting columns within
the Salt Meat Store. The construction style and dimensions of both the Arcade wall
(5112) and the Salt Meat Store walls (5109 and 6060) were very similar. This
suggests not only that they were broadly contemporary, but that they may have
been designed and built by the same hand. This is not unlikely as Taylor, the
architect of the major building phase in the 1830s, was already at work in the yard
prior to his commissioning for the later work (Gifford and Partners 1999, 20). The
associated brick-built culverts were also clearly of this phase.
Phase V (1857-1941)
3.12
During this phase, little alteration to the buildings within the excavated area was
identified. However, the early well at the western edge of the excavated area, which
had apparently been subsumed within the Phase IV ‘arcade’ building, was
reinstated. The setting back of the alignment of the south wall of the Salt Meat Store
would have placed this well once again outside the building. The surviving shaft of
this well (5115) was clearly built over wall 5112 and bonded with cement mortar,
suggesting a late 19th or 20th-century date (Fig. 14).
Phase VI (1941 - Present)
3.13
No new buildings were constructed within the excavation area during this phase.
However bomb damage to the Salt Meat Store was followed by its demolition and
the laying of a concrete slab floor. The buried services which cross the southern
portion of the excavation area also belong to this phase (Fig. 15). It is possible that
the installation of some of these services took place before WWII, the fuel-oil pipe in
particular, but it was not possible to closely date them.
Undated Features
3.14
In the northern portion of the site an irregularly shaped area of mortared brick rubble
was uncovered (5044) (Fig 15). It is possible that this related to a structure predating the Salt Meat Store, alternatively it may have been a footing for an unknown
feature within that building. In the absence of firm evidence, it has not been possible
to allocate this feature to a specific phase. Similarly, it was not possible to associate
the curved wall or well-head 6061, and the length of wall 6062, identified during the
watching brief on Salt Meat Lane with any particular historic phase.
16
Area C; Brewhouse Square
Phase I (1690-1766)
3.15
The length of bonded stone wall (6049) on the southern side of Brewhouse Square
appeared to be the wall of a building, abutted by a possible tile surface (6050) on its
southern face. Although no other walls or structural features were identified nearby
due to the uneven nature of the remediation work and the presence of a modern
drain which truncated the wall to the south-west. The 1716 (Gough) plan (Fig. 4)
shows a structure in this approximate location described as ‘A Coal Yard’, and it is
possible that wall 6049 is a surviving portion of the north wall of this yard.
3.16
To the east of wall 6049 were wooden revetments 6039, 6013 and 6044, which
retained reclamation deposits to the west and south and so presumably once
formed a quayside. Exposed within an area of deeper excavation immediately to the
west of this revetment were the wooden posts 6040 and the unbonded stone wall
6042. Wall 6042 may once have formed the foundations of a building or even an
earlier quayside, but equally could have been directly associated with revetment
6039. Posts 6040 were probably for tie anchors for revetment 6039, but could also
have secured wall 6042 had this also been a former quayside. The small area of
cobbles (6053) abutting the top of revetment 6039 probably reflected the quayside
surface level at this time.
3.17
The 1716 (Gough) plan of the site depicts a linear feature in this area, probably a
dredged channel extending from low-water in Forton Lake westwards as far as the
brewery complex. This channel is clearly depicted on a plan of Gosport dating from
1758 (Gifford and Partners 1999, Fig. Hist/72), and appears again on the later 18thcentury plan showing the Phase II buildings (B1790/MSD/M/77), where it is labelled
as ‘Weevil Creek’. An adjacent ‘Rolling Way’ is also shown. It is probable that the
timber revetting (6039/6013) marks the western limit and part of the south side of
this dredged channel. The location of the excavated features does not correspond
exactly with the creek location as shown on the plans, but the creek appears to be
sketched rather than a surveyed feature on these plans.
Phase IV (1828-1857)
3.18
The larger part of the area to the east of revetment 6039 was probably reclaimed
after the completion of the existing wharf wall, built in the early 1830s by Rennie
17
(Gifford and Partners 1999, 48). The main brick outflow culvert 6006 appeared to
have been built integrally into the wharf wall and formed part of the overall site
drainage system. Gravel 6000 was imported into this area during this phase, to level
the site up to the new wharf, and burying the brick culverts at the same time. The
cobbled surface 6057 was also probably laid out as part of this phase of expansion.
Phase V (1857-1941)
3.19
The machine-cut nature of the timbers and associated concrete of the pair of
features centred on 6008 and 6030, suggested a more modern date for these
features. Although their purpose remains unclear, they were probably anchors for
metal retaining ties (6046, not illustrated) holding back the wharf wall. As such they
are not contemporary with its original construction but a later repair.
3.20
This phase witnessed the construction of a series of buried services across this
area, including the square brick drain 6052. Although appearing quite primitive in its
construction it is clearly part of the modern drainage system. Perhaps more
significantly the two oil pipes were also constructed across the site during this
phase. The narrower, northern-most pipe appeared to have had, at least in part, the
cobbles re-laid over it. Whilst no attempt seems to have been made to re-lay the
cobbles over the larger southern pipe. This possibly indicates the point at which the
preservation of the cobbled surface had ceased to be important.
Undated features
3.21
The function of the vertically set timbers 6003, 6033 and 6034 and the associated
clay band 6035, remains unknown and undated. The alignment of posts 6034 and
6033 corresponded with the existing wharf wall, although it remains unclear whether
they pre-date or were contemporary with the construction of this feature. They may
have formed part of an earlier jetty or may have been tie anchors directly associated
with the existing wall, but to which specific phase they might belong to is not known.
4.
CONCLUSIONS
4.1
The results of the excavation showed that substantial remains of structures from all
historic phases identified in the Draft Historic Study survived as sub-surface
18
features. In many cases these survived immediately below the modern concrete or
tarmac. It was also clear that even the quite substantial buildings of the later historic
phases such as the Phase III Salt Meat Store did not completely obscure traces of
earlier structures. Thus it was possible to trace the sequence of construction and
demolition of the various successive buildings.
4.2
The excavations also serve to confirm the level of accuracy of the historic plans of
the site. Having shown that these plans are generally reliable within the excavation
areas, their value as a resource for information on other parts of the site is
reinforced. In addition, a number of details not available from the documentary
sources have come to light. In the case of the earlier Phase I buildings, it has been
possible to locate these structures firmly in a way which was not possible from the
plans alone due to the lack of surviving topography. For the later buildings, in
particular those of Phase II for which only a very basic historic plan was available,
significant additional detail of internal arrangements, as well as materials and
construction style has been uncovered.
4.3
Nonetheless several further questions remain unanswered. The excavation showed
that the Phase I ‘Great Brewhouse’ was further to the south than previously
suggested, thus it lay outside the excavated area and its detailed character and
degree of survival remain unknown. Similarly the buildings to the north were
uncovered only on their south-west corner and several of them are known to have
extended a significant distance east and north. Nor was it possible to excavate fully
the deep footings of the Salt Meat Store, the walls of which were shown by the
evaluation to be at least 1.5m deep.
4.4
A sample of wood from revetment 6039 was taken for dendrochronological dating by
Gifford and Partners during the watching brief phase of the excavation. Although the
results are not yet known, it is hoped that an accurate date for the timber used in the
construction of this waterfront will confirm this as a Phase I structure.
19
5.
REFERENCES
CA 2002 Royal Clarence Yard, Gosport, Hampshire, Written Scheme of Investigation for an
Archaeological Excavation Cotswold Archaeology typescript report
CAT 2002 Royal Clarence Yard, Gosport, Hampshire, Archaeological Evaluation Cotswold
Archaeological Trust Report No. 02062
Gifford and Partners 1999 Royal Clarence Yard and St George’s Barracks North: Gosport,
Draft Historic Study Gifford Report No. B1790.R05 Rev C
Gifford and Partners 2001 Royal Clarence Yard, Archaeological Management Plan Gifford
Report No. B1790D.R38 Rev C
Gifford and Partners 2002a Royal Clarence Yard Gosport, Written Scheme of Investigation
For an Excavation in Advance of Oil Pipeline Remediation Works
Gifford Report
No. B1790.R83
Gifford and Partners 2002b Royal Clarence Yard Gosport, Specification for Archaeological
Evaluations in Phase Areas B, C, D, I, and K Gifford Report No. B1790.R75 Rev A
Phillpotts, C. 2002 Royal Clarence Yard and St George Barracks North Historic study
Gifford Report No. B1790 R05 Rev. D
20
APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Feature/
Layer
Layer 5001
Location
Description
Layer 5002
Area
B
“
Mid-brown silty soil layer,
0.38m thick
Tarmac surface 0.1m thick
Layer 5003
“
Layer 5004
“
Layer 5005
“
Wall footing
5006
“
Mixture of crushed brick
and ‘clean’ gravels, 0.4m
thick
Reddish-brown clayey silt
layer with frequent gravel
inclusions, 0.2m thick
Pale brownish yellow
gravelly sand
Sandstone block-built wall
footing, 0.36m wide
Construction
cut 5007
“
Fill 5008
“
Crater 5009
“
Fill 5010
“
Ditch cut
5011
“
Fill 5012
“
Finds
Dating
1 fe horseshoe
Spot-date: postmedieval/modern
2 frags clay pipe stem (13g).
1 fe nail
Spot date: post-medieval
Linear, vertical-sided cut
into natural gravel, 0.36m
wide, 0.4m deep
Predominantly orangebrown, coarse gravel in a
silty matrix
Approximately circular
crater in natural gravel,
radius 2.20m,depth 1.18m
Grey-brown gravelly,
slightly sandy clay
Linear, ‘U’-shaped cut into
natural gravel, 1.1m wide,
0.35m deep
Brown, slightly sandy silt
with occasional flint
inclusions
21
Interpretation
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Topsoil
Related
Context Nos
5004
Modern tarmac road surface
5003
Hardcore base for concrete and
tarmac
5002
20th century
(Phase VI)
Subsoil
5001
Natural
Natural gravel
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Wall footing associated with
Phase I building
5007
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Construction trench for wall 5006
5006
20th century
(Phase VI)
Backfill of World War II bomb
crater 5009
5009
20th century
(Phase VI)
World War II bomb crater
5008
Undated
Fill of linear ditch 5011
5011
Undated
Linear ditch of unknown purpose
5010
Undated
Backfill of small pit 5013
5013
Feature/
Layer
Pit cut 5013
Location
Area
B
Fill 5014
“
Cut 5015
“
Fill 5016
“
Service trench
cut 5017
Fill 5018
“
Pipe trench cut
5019
Fill 5020
“
Service trench
cut 5021
“
Fill 5022
“
Service trench
cut 5023
“
Vault 5024
Vault wall 5025
“
“
Area
C
“
Description
Oval pit cut into natural
gravel,0.6m wide, 0.13m
deep
Reddish brown clayey silt
with some pebble
inclusions
Roughly circular, ‘U’shaped pit cut into natural
gravel, 2.5m wide, 0.6m
deep
Red-brown clayey silt
matrix containing 10%
gravel
Vertical-sided cut, 0.32m
wide, 0.1m deep
Red-brown clayey silt with
occasional gravel
inclusions
Shallow, ‘U’-shaped cut,
0.5m wide, 0.1m deep
Red-brown clayey silt with
10% gravel inclusions
Shallow, ‘U’-shaped cut
wide, 0.04m deep
Mid-brown, slightly clayey
silt with 5-10% gravel
inclusions
Shallow, ‘U’-shaped cut
wide, 0.14m deep
Arched, brick-built vault,
not fully excavated, interior
filled with limestone blocks
Finds
Dating
pb shot x 1
22
Related
Context Nos.
5012
Undated
A small pit of unknown function
20th century
(Phase VI)
Backfill of World War II bomb
crater 5015
5015
20th century
(Phase VI)
World War II bomb crater
5014
20th century
(Phase VI)
Backfill of modern service trench
5017
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Modern service trench
5016
Backfill of modern pipe trench
5019
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut of modern pipe trench
5018
5021
Cut of modern service trench
5021
20th century
(Phase VI)
5023
5023
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut of modern service trench
5022
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Vault of Phase I (Weevil
Brewery?) building. Bisected by
modern service trench. Same as
5098
Rear wall of cellar 5024
associated with Phase I (Weevil
Brewery?) building
5025, 5098, 5154
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Limestone block-built wall,
not fully excavated
Interpretation
5020
5024
Feature/
Layer
Layer 5026
Location
Area
C
Layer 5027
Natural 5028
“
Structure 5029
“
Construction cut
5030
“
Fill 5031
“
Layer 5032
“
Fill 5033
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
Concrete layer overlying
modern services, runs
along western boundary of
SMS trench, 1.4m wide,
0.35m deep
Mixed building debris layer,
approximately 0.8m deep
20th century
(Phase VI)
Concrete, covering modern
services
19th century
(Phase IV)
Orange-yellow gravel
natural
Red brick-built, mortarbonded structure, walls
approximately 0.7m wide,
0.15m high
Vertical sided cut into
natural gravel, 1.3m wide,
0.15m deep
Grey, quite compacted
gravel fill
Natural
A demolition/make-up layer of
construction debris, probably
formed of floor slabs from the final
phase of the Salt Meat Store,
broken up but left in situ prior to
laying of the modern concrete
Natural geological substratum
18th century
(Phase II)
Footing of Phase II, pre Salt Meat
Store building
5030, 5031
18th century
(Phase II)
Construction cut for wall of Phase
II building
5029, 5031
18th century
(Phase II)
Backfill ‘packing’ for wall of Phase
II building, finds may include
intrusive material from later
demolition.
5029, 5030
20th century
(Phase VI)
Modern concrete surface of the
site, extending over the plan area
of the Salt Meat Store
Backfill ‘packing’ around limestone
plinth 5034 and culvert 5043
associated with the Salt Meat
Store building
3 sherds modern pottery (50g):
modern porcelain and English
stoneware.
Oyster shells x 2 (61g)
Bottle glass x 8 fragments
(115g): C18/C19 wine bottle
Clay pipe stem (3g)
Wall tile x 1 (16g): modern
glazed
Spot Date: modern – C20
Concrete surface of site,
extends over plan area of
SMS, 0.2m deep
Grey, redeposited
natural/building debris
mixture
19th century
(Phase IV)
23
5034, 5035, 5042,
5043
Feature/
Layer
Limestone plinth
5034
Location
Area
C
Construction cut
5035
“
Limestone plinth
5036
“
Construction cut
5037
“
Fill 5038
“
Limestone plinth
5039
“
Construction cut
5040
“
Fill 5041
“
Structure 5042
“
Culvert 5043
“
Fill 5044
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Square (1.1 x 1.1m)
limestone plinth with
circular depression in
centre
natural gravel, not fully
excavated, width 2.5m
Square (1.1 x 1.1m)
limestone plinth, with
traces of iron on surface
Vertical sided cut, not fully
excavated, approximately
1.3 x 1.3m
Grey redeposited
mixture
Square (1.1 x 1.1m)
limestone plinth, traces of
iron visible upon surface
excavated, approximately
1.3 x 1.3m
Grey redeposited
mixture
Red brick built, mortarbonded structure, square in
plan, opening in centre, not
excavated, width 0.8m
Red brick, mortar-bonded,
arched culvert running EW, not fully excavated,
width 0.35m
Grey redeposited natural
and building debris mixture
Related
Context Nos
5033, 5035
19th century
(Phase IV)
Limestone plinth which supported
iron columns of the Salt Meat
Store building
19th century
(Phase IV)
Construction cut for plinth 5034
and culvert 5043 associated with
the Salt Meat Store building
Store building
5036, 5038
19th century
(Phase IV)
Backfill of construction cut 5037
5036, 5037
19th century
(Phase IV)
Store building
5040, 5041
5039, 5041
19th century
(Phase IV)
5039, 5040
19th century
(Phase IV)
Base of floor drain associated with
Salt Meat Store building
5043, 5033, 5035
19th century
(Phase IV)
Culvert for waste removal
purposes, associated with the Salt
Meat Store building
5042, 5033, 5035
Undated
Function unclear, but orthogonal
with (and therefore possibly
related to) the Salt Meat Store
building
5045
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
24
Interpretation
5033, 5034, 5042,
5043
5037, 5038
Feature/
Layer
Construction cut
5045
Location
Area
C
Fill 5046
“
Culvert 5047
“
Construction cut
5048
“
Brick plinth
5049
“
Construction cut
5050
“
Fill 5051
“
Fuel tank 5052
“
Cut for fuel tank
5053
“
Brick plinth
5054
“
Fill 5055
“
Construction cut
5056
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Roughly vertical-sided,
irregularly-shaped cut into
the natural gravel
Red brick, mortar bonded,
arched culvert running EW, not fully excavated,
width 0.3m
Linear cut into natural
gravel, not fully excavated,
width 0.5m
Stepped red brick, mortar
bonded plinth, 0.9 x 0.9 x
0.3m
Vertical-sided cut into
excavated, 1.1 x 1.1m
Concrete and blue gravel
layer overlying modern
tank, 8.6 x 6.8m, not fully
excavated
Construction cut for
modern tank, 8.6 x 6.8m,
not fully excavated
Red brick plinth, 1.1 x
1.1m, not excavated
Undated
Cut for feature 5044
Related
Context Nos
5044
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
5047, 5048
Culvert for the removal of waste
material, associated with the Salt
Meat Store building
5046, 5048
19th century
(Phase IV)
Construction cut for culvert 5047
5046, 5047
18th century
(Phase II
Brick plinth which once held a
support column for Phase II New
Brewhouse building
5050, 5051
5049, 5051
18th century
(Phase II)
20th century
(Phase VI)
5049, 5050
Gravel backfill and overlying
concrete covering modern tank
5053
20th century
(Phase V)
Cut for modern tank 5052
5052
19th century
(Phase IV)
5055, 5056, 5057
Redeposited natural and
building debris mixture
Square (1.6 x 1.6m) cut
into natural gravel, not
excavated
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Brick-built base of (displaced)
limestone plinth 5057 associated
with the Salt Meat Store building
5054, 5056, 5057
5054, 5055, 5057
18th century
(Phase II)
25
Interpretation
Feature/
Layer
Limestone plinth
5057
Location
Description
Finds
Dating
Area
C
Square (1.1 x 1.1 x 0.24m)
circular depression and
19th century
(Phase IV)
Brick plinth
5058
“
Stepped brick plinth, 0.9 x
0.9 x 0.35m
18th century
(Phase II)
Construction cut
5059
“
18th century
(Phase II)
Fill 5060
“
Fill 5061
“
Wall 5062
“
Construction cut
5063
“
Fill 5064
“
Wall 5065
“
Construction cut
5066
“
Brick plinth
5067
“
into natural gravel, not fully
excavated
Red brick wall, 0.35m wide,
not excavated to full depth
gravel, width 0.55m, not
excavated
Mixture of redeposited
natural and building debris
excavated
0.9 x 0.35m
Construction cut
5068
“
18th century
(Phase II)
Fill 5069
“
Square cut into natural
gravel, 1.1 x 1.1m, not
excavated to full depth
Mixed redeposited natural
and building debris
Related
Context Nos
5054, 5055, 5056
Displaced limestone plinth which
originally rested upon the brickbuilt base 5054 and supported
iron columns associated with the
Plinth for supporting column
associated with the New
Brewhouse Phase II building
5058, 5060
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
5058, 5059
5062, 5063
Wall footing associated with preSalt Meat Store Phase II building
Construction cut for wall footing
5062
5061, 5063
18th century
(Phase II)
19th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
5065, 5066
Wall footing associated with New
5065
5064, 5066
18th century
(Phase II)
Plinth for support column
associated with New Brewhouse
Phase II building
5068, 5069
5067, 5069
5067, 5068
18th century
(Phase II)
26
Interpretation
5059, 5060
5061, 5062
5065, 5066
Feature/
Layer
Brick plinth
5070
Location
Description
Finds
Dating
Area
C
0.9 x 0.2m
18th century
(Phase II)
Construction cut
5071
“
18th century
(Phase II)
Fill 5072
“
Brick plinth
5073
“
and building debris
Square (1.1 x 1.1m) red
brick plinth, not excavated
Fill 5074
“
Construction cut
5075
“
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Limestone plinth
5076
“
Cut 5077
“
Brick plinth
5078
“
and building debris
excavated
Square limestone plinth
(1.1 x 1.1 x 0.24m) with
circular depression and
Large, irregular cut which
truncates some of the
Phase III structures, 0.4m
deep
0.9 x 1.5m
Construction cut
5079
“
18th century
(Phase II)
Fill 5080
“
Fill 5081
“
Wall 5082
“
and building debris
and building debris
Red brick wall, width
0.35m, not excavated to
full depth
18th century
(Phase II)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Related
Context Nos
5071, 5072
Phase II building
5070, 5072
5070, 5071
Brickwork plinth base which
supported the (partially displaced)
limestone plinth 5076. Associated
with the Salt Meat Store
5074, 5075, 5076
5073, 5075, 5076
Construction cut for Salt Meat
Store plinth 5073, 5076
5073, 5074, 5076
19th century
(Phase IV)
Limestone plinth for supporting
iron columns associated with the
5073, 5074, 5075
19th century
(Phase IV)
A large cut of unknown function.
Sealed by make-up material 5027
18th century
(Phase II)
Phase II building
5078, 5080
5078, 5079
5082, 5083
Wall footing associated with the
New Brewhouse Phase II building
5081, 5083
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
27
Interpretation
5079, 5080
Feature/
Layer
Construction cut
5083
Location
Area
C
Description
Finds
Dating
18th century
(Phase II)
5082
18th century
(Phase II)
and building debris
Dark grey-brown clay-silt,
occasional gravel.
and building debris
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Phase II building. Truncated by
Salt Meat Store wall construction
cut 5091
5084, 5086
5084, 5085
“
Construction cut
5085
Fill 5086
“
Layer 5087
“
Cut 5088
“
A large, irregular cut, not
fully excavated
?19th century
?(Phase IV)
Limestone plinth
5089
“
19th century
(Phase IV)
Wall 5090
“
Construction cut
5091
“
Fill 5092
“
Limestone plinth
5093
“
Square (1.1 x 1.1m)
limestone plinth with round
depression on surface
Red brick, mortar-bonded
wall, 0.7m wide, not
Linear cut running E-W,
width 1.5m, not excavated
to full depth
and building debris
Square (1.1 x 1.1m)
circular depression on
surface
Concrete surface bedded
on sand and tarmac rubble,
up to 0.24m deep
Pavement
surface 5094
Area C
Trial Hole
Related
Context Nos
5081, 5082
fully excavated
Truncated stepped brick
plinth, 0.9m x 0.4m, depth
0.4m
Brick plinth
5084
“
Interpretation
1 frag. tile (74g): peg tile
19th century
(Phase IV)
28
A make-up layer of demolition
material. Seals the remains of the
A large cut of unknown function,
but possibly associated with the
Limestone plinth for iron support
column associated with Salt Meat
Store building
Wall associated with the Salt Meat
Store building
5085, 5086
5101, 5102
5091, 5092
19th century
(Phase IV)
Construction cut for wall 5090
5090, 5092
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
5090, 5091
Limestone plinth for iron support
column associated with Salt Meat
Store building
5100, 5103
20th century
(Phase VI)
Modern tarmac pavement surface
5095
Feature/
Layer
Layer 5095
Location
Area C
Trial Hole
Fill 5096
“
Fill 5097
“
Vault 5098
“
Fill 5099
“
Construction cut
5100
Area
C
Fill 5101
“
Construction cut
5102
“
Fill 5103
“
Culvert 5104
“
Construction cut
5105
Fill 5106
“
Pipe trench cut
5107
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
5094
Reddish hardcore layer of
brick and tarmac fragments
and gravel, up to 0.2m
deep
Grey silty sand with several
large limestone blocks
Grey sandy silt with
frequent gravel inclusions
Red brick, arched vault, not
fully excavated
20th century
(Phase VI)
Former hardcore surface – prior to
construction of 1961 office block
20th century
(Phase VI)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
5107
5098
Brick rubble debris
20th century
(Phase VI)
excavated
and building debris
excavated
and building debris
19th century
(Phase IV)
Gravel backfill placed over brick
arch 5098 during construction
Brick vault, possibly part of early
Weevil Brewery building. Same as
5024
Rubble debris filling void below
and within arch of 5098. Result of
modern service trench cutting
through and partially collapsing
5098
5093, 5103
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
5089, 5102
5089, 5101
19th century
(Phase IV)
associated with the Salt Meat
Store building
Meat Store building
5093, 5100
5104, 5106
5104, 5105
Cut of modern pipe trench
5096
Red brick arched culvert,
to full depth
Linear cut, 1.0m wide, not
and building debris
Linear cut for modern
services, not fully
excavated
2 frags. clay pipe stem (13g)
19th century
(Phase IV)
4 frags. tile (239g): peg tile
29
18th century
(Phase IV)
18th century
(Phase IV)
20th century
(Phase VI)
5024, 5097, 5099
5098
5105, 5106,
?5136
Feature/
Layer
Fill 5108
Wall 5109
Location
Area
C
“
Construction cut
5110
“
Fill 5111
“
Wall 5112
“
Construction cut
5113
“
Fill 5114
“
Well 5115
“
Construction cut
5116
“
Modern
services 5117
“
Modern service
cut 5118
Wall 5119
“
Modern
services 5120
“
Modern service
cut 5121
“
“
Description
Mixed building debris and
redeposited natural
Red brick wall running EW, width 0.9m, not
Linear cut running E-W,
width 1.8m, not fully
excavated
redeposited natural
Red brick wall running
ENE-WSW, width 0.82m,
not fully excavated
Linear cut running ENEWSW, width 0.4m, not
excavated
redeposited natural gravel
Red brick curved well, 1.85
x 1.75m, not excavated to
full depth
Rounded cut into natural
fully excavated
Concrete-packed services,
including a raised access
area of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.1m,
not excavated
services, not excavated
Red brick wall running N-S,
0.52m width, 0.6m deep
Concrete covered modern
services, width 0.5m, not
excavated
services, width 0.5m, not
excavated
Finds
Dating
2 frags. tile (253g): peg tile and
pantile types
Clay pipe stems x 2 (9g):
fe nail
30
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
5109, 5110
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Wall associated with the Salt Meat
Store building
5108, 5110
19th century
(Phase IV)
Store wall 5109
5108, 5109
19th century
(Phase IV)
5112, 5113
19th century
(Phase IV)
Wall of Arcade building
5111, 5113
19th century
(Phase IV)
5111, 5112
19th century
(Phase V)
19th century
(Phase V)
Backfill of well construction cut
5116
Well structure associated with final
phase of Salt Meat Store building
5115, 5116
19th century
(Phase V)
Store building well 5115
5114, 5115
20th century
(Phase VI)
Modern services and associated
backfill
5118
20th century
(Phase VI)
18th century
(Phase II)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut for modern services
5117
20th century
(Phase VI)
Wall associated with New
Modern concrete-filled service
trench
5114, 5116
5021
5020
Feature/
Layer
Wall 5122
Wall 5123
Location
Area
C
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
0.48m, height 0.4m
0.45m, height 0.30m
Unbonded, irregular
limestone fragments in a
silty gravel matrix,
rectangular in plan, walls
0.7m thick
Rectangular cut into
natural gravel, 2.6 x 2.6m,
not excavated
Crushed and burnt
brickwork deposit in centre
of kiln structure, 1.4m x
1.35m, up to 0.2m deep
18th century
(Phase II)
18th century
(Phase II)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Wall, possibly associated with
later phase of Malt Store building
Wall, possibly associated with
later phase of Malt Store building
Stone footing of malting kiln from
Phase I Malt Store building
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Cut for kiln footing 5124
5124, 5126
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
5124, 5125
‘L’-shaped red brick wall,
4.7 x 0.65m, depth 0.45m
Wall footing built of large
irregular limestone
fragments, 4.0m in length,
not fully excavated
Linear cut, length 4.0m,
width over 0.6m, not
excavated
Red brick wall, 4.0 x 0.4m,
depth 0.15m
18th century
(Phase II)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Rubble formed by collapse of kiln
oven structure associated with the
Phase I Malt Store building – short
portion of mortared wall present
may be a later insertion
Wall associated with Phase II New
Brewhouse building
Stone wall footing, probably
associated with Malt Store
building. Built over by walls 5127
and 5130
Construction cut for stone footing
5128
Brewhouse building. Appears to
be part of wall 5127, but here the
footings are much shallower –
perhaps this is a non-structural or
inserted wall
Possibly the eastern exterior wall
of the Phase II New Brewhouse
building
Construction cut for New
Brewhouse wall 5131
5127, 5161
Stone structure
5124
“
Construction cut
5125
“
Fill 5126
“
Wall 5127
“
Wall 5128
“
Construction cut
5129
“
Wall 5130
“
Wall 5131
“
Red brick wall, 2.6 x 0.6m,
depth 0.3m
18th century
(Phase II)
Construction cut
5132
“
Vertical-sided cut into
natural gravel, 2.6 x 0.7m,
depth 05m
18th century
(Phase II)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
18th century
(Phase II)
31
5125, 5126
5130
5129, 5161
5128
5132
5131
Feature/
Layer
Wall 5133
Location
Area
C
Description
Finds
Dating
0.21m deep
18th century
(Phase II)
Brick infill 5134
“
Area of brick work
overlying limestone slabs
5135
18th century
(Phase II)
Limestone slabs
5135
“
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Brick revetment
5136
“
Five limestone slabs
underlying brickwork 5134,
up to 0.09m deep
Brick revetment built onto
stone footing 5138
Faced limestone blocks,
bonded with mortar to form
a wall on stone footing
5138, 0.53m wide, 0.29m
depth
Unbonded, irregular
limestone blocks, width
0.95m, depth 0.86m
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Limestone
blocks 5137
Stone footing
5138
“
Construction cut
5139
“
Fill 5140
“
Culvert 5141
“
Linear, vertical-sided cut
into natural gravel, width
0.7m, depth up to 0.86m
redeposited natural
19th century
(Phase IV)
Clay pipe bowl (20g): late
C17/earlier C18 form
3 sherds post-medieval pottery
(47g): C17-C18 glazed
earthenwares
2 frags. tile (230g): post-med
flat roof tile
Spot date: post-medieval – c.
C18
Red brick, arched culvert,
excavated
32
Interpretation
Brickwork associated with the
renovation of Phase I footings
5138 during Phase II construction
Area of brick infill within earlier
stone layer 5160, presumably in
order to patch and repair damage
in the Phase I wall
Possibly redeposited material
used to provide a platform for
brick infill 5134
Brick revetment attached to Phase
I stone footings 5138, possibly in
order to hold large/loose stones in
place during construction of brick
culvert 5104
Stone wall associated with Phase I
building, built upon stone footings
5138
Related
Context Nos
5138, 5158
5160, 5138,
?5134
?5134, 5138
5038, 5104
5138
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Footings for stone wall associated
with Phase I structure
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Construction cut for Phase I stone
footings 5138
19th century
(Phase IV)
Backfill of culvert construction cut
5142
5141, 5142
19th century
(Phase IV)
Meat Store building
5140, 5142
5133, 5134, 5135,
5136, 5137, 5138,
5139, 5159, 5160,
5166
5138
Feature/
Layer
Construction cut
5142
Fill 5143
Location
Area
C
“
Culvert 5144
“
Construction cut
5145
Modern
services 5146
Modern service
cut 5147
Water main
5148
“
Water main cut
5149
Oil pipe trench
fill 5150
“
Oil pipe trench
cut 5151
Service trench
fill 5152
“
“
“
“
“
“
Service trench
cut 5153
Fill 5154
“
Fill 5155
“
Description
Finds
Dating
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Linear cut, width 0.6m, not
fully excavated
redeposited natural
Red brick, arched culvert,
excavated
Linear cut, width 0.6m, not
fully excavated
Modern services, packed
with concrete
Linear cut, width 1.8m,
unexcavated
Modern plastic water pipe
covered with greyish silty
gravel, width 0.35m,
unexcavated
Linear cut, width 0.35m ,
unexcavated
Oil pipe covered with grey
silty gravel, 3.0m wide,
unexcavated
Linear cut for oil pipe, width
3.0m, unexcavated
Concrete filled service
trench, including brick
manhole at west end, width
0.3m, unexcavated
services, width 0.3m,
unexcavated
Silty gravel fill with
occasional rubble overlying
vault 5024
and building debris
Related
Context Nos
5140, 5141
Backfill of culvert construction cut
5155
material. Associated with the Salt
Meat Store building
5143, 5144
Modern, concrete-packed services
5147
5146
Modern water main
5149
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut for modern water main
5148
Fill of modern oil pipe trench
5151
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut of modern oil pipe trench
5150
Concrete-filled modern service
trench (including manhole at west
end)
5153
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut for modern service trench and
manhole
5152
18th century
(Phase I)
Backfill material over vault 5024
5024
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
Backfill of wall construction cut
5157
5156, 5157
19th century
(Phase IV)
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
33
Interpretation
5144, 5145
5143, 5145
Feature/
Layer
Wall 5156
Location
Area C
Construction cut
5157
Cobbled surface
5158
“
Limestone slabs
5159
“
Limestone/ brick
layer 5160
“
Layer 5161
“
Modern
services fill
5162
Modern
services cut
5163
Pipe trench fill
5164
“
Pipe trench cut
5165
“
“
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Fragment of red-brick wall,
to full depth
Linear cut, width 0.5m,
unexcavated
Very fragmentary remnants
of a cobbled surface
abutting wall 5133, 2.4 x
0.22m, depth 0.2m
Fragmentary remnants of
thin limestone slabs
overlying limestone layer
5160, width 0.58m, depth
0.02m
Section of wall built from
limestone blocks, ‘patched’
with bricks, overlying stone
footing 5137, width 0.65m,
depth up to 0.13m
Brick rubble layer sealing
over wall footing 5128, and
upon which wall 5130 is
built, 5.0 x 4.0m, depth
0.3m
Modern services packed in
concrete, width 0.6m,
unexcavated
services, width 0.6m,
unexcavated
Iron pipe covered in silty
gravel, width 0.5m,
unexcavated
Linear cut for iron pipe,
width 0.5m, unexcavated
Related
Context Nos
5155, 5157
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
Brewhouse
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
5155, 5156
Remnants of cobbled surface
associated with Phase II building
and abutting brick wall 5133
(Horse engine)
Part of wall associated with Phase
I building. Overlies Stone layer
5160
5133
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Part of wall associated with Phase
I building. Overlain by stone slabs
5159 and infilled with Phase II
brickwork 5134
5138, 5159, 5134
?18th century
?(Phase II)
Brick rubble layer sealing over
early stone wall footing 5128 and
upon which wall 5130 is built.
Eastern and western limits of this
deposit were lost during machining
Concrete-packed modern services
5128, 5130
5163
20th century
(Phase VI)
5162
20th century
(Phase VI)
Fill of modern pipe trench
5165
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut for modern pipe trench
5164
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
20th century
(Phase VI)
34
Interpretation
5160, 5138
Feature/
Layer
Brick facing
5166
Location
Area C
Wall 5167
“
?Drainage
structure 5168
“
Modern
drainage pipe
5169
Construction cut
5170
“
Cut 5171
“
Modern
drainage pipe
cut 5172
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Brick facing on north face
of stone footings 5138
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
0.35m, depth unexcavated
Rectangular (0.55 x 0.34m)
structure, hollow in centre,
Modern ceramic pipe, width
?20th century
?(Phase VI)
?20th century
?(Phase VI)
Linear cut for wall 5167,
width 0.35m, depth
unexcavated
Rectangular cut for
?drainage feature 5168
drainage pipe 5169, width
35
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
5138
Brick facing on northern face of
stone footings 5138, part of wall
associated with Phase I building
Function unknown, but
presumably related to 5168
Possibly an access point related
to modern drain 5169
?5168, 5170
20th century
(Phase VI)
Modern drainage pipe
?5068, 5172
20th century
(Phase VI)
Construction cut for modern
structure 5167
5167
20th century
(Phase VI)
20th century
(Phase VI)
Cut for modern structure 5168
5168
Cut for modern drainage pipe
5169
5169
?5167, ?5169,
5171
Contexts recorded during watching brief
Feature/
Layer
Overburden
6000
Location
Brewhouse
Square
Cut 6001
“
Brick Culvert
6002
Wooden post
6003
“
Layer 6004
“
Cut 6005
“
Brick outflow
culvert 6006
Layer 6007
“
Wooden
structure 6008
“
Large square
wooden post
6009
“
Layer 6010
“
Layer 6011
“
Layer 6012
“
Wooden
revetment 6013
“
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Layer of dumped material
including redeposited
natural gravel and some
building material
Linear cut for brick culvert
6002
Red brick circular culvert
Worked wooden post 0.31
x 0.31 x 0.7m+, not fully
excavated
Same as 6000
6006
Wide, 1m diameter circular
brick drainage culvert
Same as 6000
11 machine cut timbers set
vertically 0.14 – 0.18 x
3.6m, not fully excavated
Large square wooden post
0.38 x 0.38m set vertically,
part of same structure as
6008, not fully excavated
Mixed orange-brown clay
matrix with 5-10% gravel
0.05m deep layer of
decayed wood fragments
Mixed light bluish grey and
yellowish brown clay with
frequent gravels
Vertically set wooden posts
with north facing wooden
plank revetment
19th century
(Phase IV)
Dumped material behind existing
harbour front
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
?
Cut for Brick Culvert 6002
Related
Context Nos
Under Cobbles
previously
excavated and
covering all else
6002, 6004
Red brick drainage culvert
6001, 6004
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase III)
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Possible backfilled material in cut
6001
Cut for red brick drainage/outflow
culvert 6006
Outflow culvert
6005, 6007
Backfill of 6005
6005, 6006
Not resolved, possibly part of
anchor point for harbour front
retaining ties
Same as 6019, part of 6008
6009,
6019,6037,6038
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Redeposited natural, probably part
of backfill around 6008
Dumped material, probably part of
backfill around 6008
Redeposited natural, probably part
of backfill around 6008
6011, 6012
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Part of wooden harbour wall
6017, 6018, 6044
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
36
Interpretation
Possible remains of jetty/mooring
structure?
6001, 6002
6008, 6019
6010, 6012
6010, 6011
Feature/
Layer
Layer 6014
Cobbled surface
6015
Location
Brewhouse
Square
“
Tarmac 6016
“
Layer 6017
“
Layer 6018
“
Large square
wooden post
6019
“
Square, brick
built foundation
6020
Stone plinth
6021
Salt Meat
Store, Area
C
“
Brick structure
6022
“
Layer 6023
“
Cut 6024
“
Layer 6025
“
Description
Mid yellowish brown sandy
gravel mixed with some off
white mortar
Cobbled surface, removed
and recorded as separate
job
Tarmac, previously
stripped
Mixed mid greyish brown
and orange-brown silty clay
matrix with 5-10% gravel
Layer of dumped, broken
2.5 inch brick within layer
6017
part of same structure as
6008, not fully excavated
11 course square 1.12 x
1.12 x 0.93m brick built
foundation for stone plinth
Light-mid greenish brown
sandstone? plinth 1.1 x 1.1
x 0.26m
Possible truncated brick
wall built on a two course
shallow brick arch 2 x 0.7 x
0.56m
Mid brown clayey sandy silt
matrix with frequent gravels
Finds
Dating
19th century
(Phase IV)
Bedding layer for cobbles 6015
Related
Context Nos
6015
19th century
(Phase IV)
Cobbled surface, same as 6057
6057
20th century (Phase
VI)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Tarmac
Mixed redeposited material,
forming backfill behind 6013
6013, 6018
None
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Dumped material within layer 6017
6013, 6017
None
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Same as 6009, part of 6008
6008, 6009
None
19th century
(Phase IV)
Brick foundation for stone plinth
6021,6024, 6025
None
19th century
(Phase IV)
Stone plinth, part of Salt Meat
Store building
6020, 6024, 6025
None
19th century
(Phase IV)
Possible internal wall constructed
over a shallow brick arch, the
purpose of which is unclear
6023
None
19th century
(Phase IV)
Layer of backfill under shallow
brick arch 6022, possibly backfill
within construction cut
Construction cut for brick
foundation 6020
Backfill around brick foundation
6020 in cut 6024
6022
None
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Square construction cut,
1.68x 1.68 x 0.68m
Mid brown slightly clayey
silt matrix with frequent
gravel, 1.68 x 1.68 x 0.68m
37
Interpretation
6020, 6021, 6025
6020, 6021, 6024
Feature/
Layer
Layer 6026
Modern
overburden
6027
Slate ‘box’ 6028
Location
Salt Meat
Store, Area
C
“
“
Possible brick
structure 6029
“
Wooden
structure 6030
Brewhouse
Square
“
Large square
wooden post
6031
Layer 6032
“
Wooden post
6033
“
Wooden post
6034
Layer 6035
“
Large square
wooden post
6036
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Interpretation
Natural/redeposited natural?
Light yellowish orangebrown slightly sandy
gravel, covers S.M.S. area
Dumped material, including
gravel, brick, concrete and
tarmac
Only partially excavated
slate constructed
box/object, +0.4 x +0.2 x
0.68m
Only partially excavated
possible brick built
structure1.5 x 0.2 x (?)m
11 machine cut timbers set
vertically 0.14 – 0.2 x
not fully excavated
20th century (Phase
VI)
Dumped material used to level the
site and provide a foundation for
the modern carpark
Related
Context Nos
All features either
cut, or are built on
top of this layer
Covers all
6029
Layer of brick, possibly part of an
insitu. structure or just demolition
(?)
Same as 6008
6028
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Probably part of 6030
6030, 6032, 6036
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Dumped material
6030,6031,6036
Possibly part of wooden structure
with 6034, jetty/mooring structure?
6034, 6035
Same as 6033
6033, 6035
Redeposited natural, associated
with the construction of 6033-6034
6033, 6034
Probably part of 6030
6030, 6031, 6032
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Mixed layer of redeposited
natural, including
fragments of brick, not
excavated
Decayed, vertically set
wooden post, 0.26 x
Same as 6033, but less
well preserved
Band of light-mid bluish
grey clay, abutting wooden
posts 6033 and 6034
0.36 x 0.36,, same as 6031
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
38
6031, 6032, 6036
Feature/
Layer
Large square
wooden post
6037
Location
Brewhouse
Square
Concrete 6038
“
Large wooden
structure 6039
“
Wooden
support
structure 6040
Layer 6041
“
Large stone
block wall 6042
“
Layer 6043
“
Wooden
structure 6044
“
Brick culvert
6045
“
Metal bar 6046
“
Layer 6047
“
Layer 6048
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
6008, 6009, 6019
0.34 x 0.24m, not fully
excavated abutting post
6009
Deep layer of concrete, 4+
x 1.2 x 0.95m, abutting
6008
Substantial wooden façade
supported by vertical
timbers, 16+ x 0.3 x 4+m
Timber frame attached to
the west side of 6039
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Part of structure 6008
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Concrete support for wooden
structure 6008
6008
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Wooden harbour wall
6040
17th-18th century
(PhaseI)
Support structure for harbour wall
6039
6039
Large deposit of dumped
brick 0.7 x 2 x 1.2m
Two course, single block
thickness, stone block wall
5+ x 0.3 x 0.48+m
Mixed layer of Yellowish
brown gravel and clay
Near horizontal wooden
beams, 5+ x 0.4m, not fully
excavated
Circular brick culvert, with
0.5m diameter, seen only
in test pit
Seen only in test pit,
horizontal metal bar,0.06m
in diameter
Deep layer of yellowish
brown clay with frequent
gravel and occasional
broken brick fragments
Yellowish brown clay with
frequent gravel
19th century
(Phase IV)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Dumped material, possibly part of
6000
Possible retaining wall for support
structure 6040
6039
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Redeposited natural
6039
Probably part of 6013, revetment
6013
19th century
(Phase IV)
Brick culvert
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Possible retaining ties for existing
harbour wall
19th century
(Phase IV)
Redeposited natural and dumped
material, probably part of 6000
19th century
(Phase IV)
Redeposited natural, possibly part
of 6000
39
6040
Feature/
Layer
Stone wall 6049
Layer 6050
Location
Brewhouse
Square
“
Modern
services 6051
“
Brick drain 6052
“
Cobbled surface
6053
“
Layer 6054
“
Layer 6055
“
Concrete 6056
“
Surface 6057
“
Layer 6058
“
Brick culvert
6059
Brick wall 6060
Salt Meat
lane
“
Stone well 6061
“
Description
Finds
Dating
Roughly faced stone block
wall, 5.4 x 0.4 x 0.26m, not
fully excavated
Layer of broken tiles, not
fully excavated
All modern services
including gas and water
mains, electricity cables
and fuel oil pipes
Stone capped flat based
brick drain1.6 x 0.8 , not
fully excavated
Cobble and stone surface
abutting wooden revetment
6039
Layer of mortar, cut by
6052, 1 x 0.3m, not fully
excavated
Cemented layer of dark
brownish red clayey silt,
0.6+ x 0.4+ x 0.06m, not
fully excavated
Deep layer of concrete
abutting 6030, 3.46 x 1.5,
not fully excavated
Limestone setts
Light orange-brown sandy
gravel mortar
0.5m diameter circular
brick culvert
Red brick wall, 1 x 0.38 x
85+m
Truncated stone built shaft,
1.5 x 1.2+m not fully
excavated
40
Interpretation
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Stone wall possibly part of building
Related
Context Nos
6050, 6055
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
20th century (Phase
VI)
Possible remains of floor/surface
6049, 6055
Modern services
6051
19th-20th century
(Phase V)?
Brick drain
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Cobbled surface
6039
?
Layer of mortar at limit of
excavation
6052
17th-18th century
(Phase I)
Bedding layer for stone wall 6049
6049, 6050
Early 20th century
(Phase V)?
Same as 6038
6038
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Surface of limestone setts
6058
Bedding layer for cobbles 6057
6057
Brick culvert
Brick wall, possibly western limit of
Salt meat store
Stone built well shaft
6073, 6075, 6076
6065
Feature/
Layer
Brick wall 6062
Cut 6063
Layer 6064
Cut 6065
Brick drain 6066
Location
Salt Meat
lane
“
“
Stone wall 6067
“
Brewhouse
Square
“
Cut 6068
Area C
Stone well 6069
“
Layer 6070
“
Brick culvert
6071
Cut 6072
“
Stone kerb
6073
Terminus of
brick wall 6074
Drain 6075
Stone slabs
6076
Brewhouse
Square
Salt Meat
Lane
Area C
“
“
Description
Finds
Dating
19th century
(Phase IV)?
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Brick wall seen only at the
very limit of excavation
6059
Same as 6026
Circular, vertical cut
Same as 6052
Linear stone built wall
footings, not excavated
Slightly curving, vertical cut
Truncated, slightly curving
stone revetment
Mid yellowish brown gravel
with occasional fragments
of broken red bricks and
blocks of limestone
Same as 5141
19th-20th century
(Phase V)?
None
Fragments of glass, stone roof
tile and animal bone
Linear, vertical cut
Large stone blocks set into
ground either side of Salt
meat lane
Terminus of brick wall
5112, not previously seen
Circular ceramic drain pipe
in square brick housing
Large stone slabs laid on
top of brick wall 6060, 2.6 x
0.8 x 0.06m
41
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
18th-19th century
(Phase II)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Interpretation
Related
Context Nos
Brick wall
Cut for brick culvert trench
6059, 6064
Backfill of cut 6063
6059, 6063
Cut for stone well 6061
Linear brick built, stone capped
drain
6061
6072
Stone wall footings
Cut for stone well 6069
6069, 6070
Remains of stone built well
6068, 6070
Backfill of stone well 6069
6068, 6069
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th-20th century
(Phase V)?
Brick culvert
5i41, 5104
Cut for brick drain 6066
6066
19th-20th century
(Phase V)?
Stone kerb
6060
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
19th century
(Phase IV)
Terminus of brick wall
5112, 5115
Ceramic drain in square brick
housing
Stone slabs, function not clear
6060
6060, 6073
APPENDIX 2: THE FINDS
Concordance of finds
5003
1 fe horseshoe
Spot-date: post-medieval/modern
5006
2 frags clay pipe stem (13g).
1 fe nail
5016
pb shot x 1
5018
Clay pipe stem (9g)
5031
3 sherds modern pottery (50g): modern porcelain and English stoneware.
Oyster shells x 2 (61g)
Bottle glass x 8 fragments (115g): C18/C19 wine bottle
Clay pipe stem (3g)
Wall tile x 1 (16g): modern glazed
Spot Date: modern – C20
5087
1 frag. tile (74g): peg tile
5101
2 frags. clay pipe stem (13g)
5106
4 frags. tile (239g): peg tile
5111
2 frags. tile (253g): peg tile and pantile types
5117
Clay pipe stems x 2 (9g):
fe nail
5138
Clay pipe bowl (20g): late C17/earlier C18 form
Spot date: 1680-1710
5140
3 sherds post-medieval pottery (47g): C17-C18 glazed earthenwares
2 frags. tile (230g): post-med flat roof tile
Spot date: post-medieval – c. C18
In addition post medieval/early modern bricks were recovered from contexts 5024, 5112, 5122 and 5166.
Comment
Six sherds of pottery (97g) were recovered. The earliest material, from context 5140, comprised possible vergedtype glazed earthenware sherds of likely 17th or 18th-century date. The remaining material, from 5031, consisted
of 19th or 20th-century porcelain and English stoneware sherds. Six fragments of clay pipe were retrieved (54g).
Most were stem fragments and only broadly datable to the 17th to 19th centuries. A single pipe bowl from 5138
was datable by form to c. 1680-1710 (Oswald 1975, Fig. 3, No. 8).
Ceramic building material recovered included fragments of round hole type peg tile, pantile and a number of
complete bricks. With the exception of a fragment modern (20th century) glazed wall tile from 5031, this material
is post-medieval in date, most likely attributable to the 18th or 19th centuries.
Non-ceramic artefacts were restricted to fragments of post-medieval/early modern green (wine) bottle glass and a
number of metal items. Square-sectioned iron nails with simple flattened heads were recovered from 5117 and
5006. An iron horseshoe from 5003 was highly corroded and details of form may only be identified through
42
radiography. Dating of these items is not possible by form, although in each instance a post-medieval/early
modern date seems most plausible. A lead shot from 5016 was of a size appropriate for a pistol or carbine, and
was probably of 17th to earlier 19th-century date.
Samples of brick from the walls were collected, as these may offer further information on the dating of the
buildings, and the origin of the bricks themselves. Specialist analysis has yet to be undertaken.
Reference
Oswald A. 1975 Clay Pipes for the Archaeologist BAR British Series No. 14
43
APPENDIX 3: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES
Levels are expressed as metres below current ground level and as metres above Ordnance Datum, calculated
using a spot height of 6.13m AOD on a drain cover in Flagstaff Green, supplied by Berkeley Homes.
Deposit
Current ground level
Upper limit of Phase V
Upper limit of Phase IV
Phase Area B
Phase Area C
5.47m (W) to 5.02m (E)
3.89m (W) to 2.97m (E)
0.47m
0.30m (W) to 0.35m (E)
(4.55m)
3.59m (W) to 2.62m (E)
-
1.09m
(2.80m)
Upper limit of Phase III
-
0.94m
(2.95m)
Upper limit of Phase II
-
0.80m
(3.09m)
Upper limit of Phase I
Natural gravel
0.28m
1.50m
(4.74m)
(2.39m)
0.66m (W) to 0.51m(E)
1.09m
(4.81m (W) to 4.51m (E))
(2.80m)
44
Development
area
Fig. 1 Site location plan
N
9.00
9.00
6.
6.5
0
7.00
00
8.50
7.50
7.00
7.50
7.5
0
8.00
6.50
6.50
8.50
7.00
00
8.0
0
50
7.
9.00
6.
M
UM
BY
8.5
0
9.00
RO
AD
6.0
0
8.5
0
6.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
8.5
0
7.50
0
7.0
0
6.5
0
6.0
6.0
0
8.00
0
6.0
5.5
0
6.00
6.00
5.50
5.
8.5
0
50
0
5.0
5.50
0
8.5
8.0
0
0
6.0
5.5
0
6.50
8.50
8.00
8.00
0
8.5
8.00
8.00
4.50
5.0
0
6.00
3.0
0
5.50
5.50
5.00
7.50
0
5.5
6.00
0
3.0
6.00
6.5
0
8.5
0
6.00
3.
50
0
4.5
5.50
5.50
0
5.5
8.00
8.00
0
3.5
5.50
0
5.5
0
8.5
6.0
0
9.0
0
0
6.5
8.50
5.50
0
5.0
8.00
10
.00
9.5
0
0
8.0
7.50
6.0
0
7.50
10.50
11.50
7.00
5.00
8.00
11.00
7.00
6.00
8.50
5.50
6.5
0
5.5
0
8.00
9.00
CO
7.5
0
0
5.5
WEEVIL LANE
9
5.50
6.00
6.00
8.5
0
0
5.5
3.00
2.50
0
5.5
WEEVIL LANE
6.00
5.50
8.50
8.00
8.00
WEEVIL LANE
6.50
0
5.5
5.5
0
5.50
7.00
5.0
0
7.0
0
0
5.0
3.00
5.00
6.50
6.00
5.00
6.00
5.50
5.50
0
6.0
5.50
5.5
0
5.5
0
5.0
0
5.00
0
5.0
area B
4.50
4.50
5.50
4.50
0
4.5
0
2.5
5.0
0
3.0
0
0
3.0
5.00
5.00
0
3.5
3.00
area D
SALT MEAT LANE
MUMBY
area C
ROA
D
area
C
JAMAICA ROAD
Development area
Evaluation trench
Excavation area
Watching brief area
0
250m
Fig. 2 Royal Clarence Yard, with areas of excavation and watching brief (1:2000)
3.00
2.50
3.50
5.0
0
N
road
gully
5023
gully
5017
crater?
5015
services
5021
ditch
5011
road
services
5019
ditch
5011
wall 5006
crater?
5009
pit
5013
grass
grass
Phase I (1690-1751)
pond
Undated
0
Fig. 3 Area B: plan of excavated features and historic phases (1:100)
10m
5.50
10m
Features on 1716 plan
Excavated areas and features
N
Watching brief areas and features
5.50
50m
Area
D
COOPER
Area
C
HOUSE
ORCHARD
BEER
STOREHOUSE
5.00
6.00
0
STABLE
STABLE
6.0
0
SCREENING
ROOM
Area B
0
Area C
5.
00
5.5
6.00
SERVANTS
QUARTERS
DWELLING
HOUSE
CO
COACH
HOUSE
AND
STABLES
GRAND BREWHOUSE
NEW GARDEN
COAL YARD
BEER
STOREHOUSE
COOPERAGE
Fig. 4 Areas B, C and D showing 1716 plan of Phase I buildings (Bodleian Lib. MS. Gough Misc. Antiq. 2) (1:500)
culvert
6059
10m
N
wall
6060
drain
5043
SALT MEAT LANE
wall
5029
stone
bases
well
6061
modern
tank
WATCHING
BRIEF
AREA D
drain
5047
5053
brick
plinths
wall
6062
stone
bases
EXCAVATION
AREA C
wall
5090
culvert
6059
stone
bases
wall
6060
culvert
5104
wall
5112
wall
5109
junction
box
5117
well
5115
wall
5128
wall
wall 5119
5122
cobbles 5158
well
6068
kiln
5124
wall
5123
wall
5130
wall 5127
A
culvert
5144
wall
5131
wall 5133
A
oil
pip
elin
wall 5138
e5
arch
5024
B
culvert 5141
WATCHING
BRIEF
AREA C
15
0
(continued on
Fig 16 and 17)
B
Excavated features
0
Fig. 5 Area C and D: plan of excavated features (1:200)
Section lines
25m
stone
bases
N
culvert
5104
EXCAVATION
AREA C
wall
6060
wall
5112
wall
5109
WATCHING
BRIEF
AREA D
junction
box
5117
wall
5128
well
5115
wall
5122
wall 5119
kiln
5124
wall
5123
wall
5130
cobbles 5158
well
6068
wall
5127
A
culvert
5144
wall
5131
wall 5133
A
arch
5024
oil
pip
wall 5138
elin
e5
culvert 5141
15
0
WATCHING
BRIEF
AREA C
B
(continued on
Fig 16 and 17)
B
Excavated features
0
Fig. 6 Detail of southern part of areas C and D (1:100)
Section lines
10m
10m
N
wall
5128
kiln
5124
well
6068
vault
5024
wall
5138
vault 5098
0
Fig. 7 Areas C and D: Phase I (1:250)
25m
excavation
area
Fig. 8 1716 plan of Phase I buildings (Bodleian Lib. MS. Gough Misc. Antiq. 2)
(not to scale)
10m
N
wall
5029
wall
5062
brick
plinths
wall
5065
wall
5082
wall
5156
horse
engine
wall
5122
well
wall
5119
wall
5123
wall
5127
cobbles
5158
wall
5131
wall
5133
0
Fig. 9 Areas C and D: Phase II (1:250)
wall
5130
25m
excavation
area
Fig. 10 Late 18th century plan of Phase II buildings (Gifford and Partners B1790/MSD/M/77)
(not to scale)
10m
N
drain
5043
pier
bases
drain
5046
displaced
pier
bases
wall
5090
drain
pier bases
culvert
5104
culvert
6059
wall
5109
wall
6060
wall
5112
culvert
5144
culvert
5141
Earlier wall
Salt Meat Store wall
0
Fig. 11 Areas C and D: Phase IV (1:250)
Culvert
25m
excavation
area
Fig. 12 1830 plan of early Phase IV 'Arcade' building (Gifford and
Partners B1790/MSD/M/61) (not to scale)
excavation
area
Fig. 13 1911 plan of later Phase IV Salt Meat Store building (Gifford and
Partners B1790/MSD/L/25) (not to scale)
10m
N
well
5115
0
Fig. 14 Areas C and D: Phase V (1:250)
25m
10m
N
rubble
5044
well
6061
tank
5053
wall
6062
junction
box
5117
oil pipeline
modern
services
Phase V feature
0
Fig. 15 Areas C and D: Phase VI (1:250)
Undated feature
25m
Section A
brick wall
5133
W
brick wall
5133
3.30m
AOD
limestone
wall
5160
slabs
5159
brick wall
5133
limestone
wall
5160
limestone
footings
5138
3.30m
AOD
limestone
wall
5137
2.80m
AOD
culvert
5104
footings
5138
2.80m
AOD
limestone
wall
5137
E
limestone
wall
5137
revetting
5136
modern
service
5162
Phase I (1690-1751)
revetting
5136
footings
5138
Phase II (1751-1780)
Phase IV (1828-1857)
limestone
footings
5138
0
Fig. 16 Area C: section A, elevation of walls 5138/5133 (1:25)
3m
Section B
W
E
4.00m
AOD
pavement slabs
sand and tarmac 5094
brick rubble 5095
pipe trench
5107
fill
5096
fill
5097
void
vault
5098
fill
5099
Phase I (1690-1751)
0
Fig. 17 Area C: section B, elevation of vault 5098 (1:25)
3m
N
continues
on Fig. 4
drain
OIL
PIP
former
tram
tracks
ELI
NE
drain
OIL
PIP
ELI
NE
setts
6057
Phase III setts 6057
Direction of long joints
Phase VI
0
Fig. 18 Area C: Brewhouse Square, limestone setts 6057 (1:200)
25m
N
post
6034
post
6033
post
6036
clay
6035
post
6031
OIL
post
6003
culvert
6045
timber
6030
modern
drain
clay
6035
concrete
6058
revetment
6039
PIP
ELIN
timber
6008
E
post
6019
post
6040
post
6009
wall
6042
post
6040
concrete
6038
culvert
6006
section C
wall
6049
6052
revetment
6039
modern drain
revetment
6044
cobbled
area
6053
revetment
6039
revetment
6013
Phase I
Phase VI
Phase IV
Undated
Phase V
0
Fig. 19 Area C: Brewhouse Square, features below setts 6057 (1:200)
25m
Section C
Profile A
profile A
S
N
W
E
Datum
arbitrary
0
Fig. 20 Area C: section C and profile A, elevations of revetment 6039 (1:25)
3m
Fig. 21 Area B: Flagstaff Green and wall 5006,
looking south-east. Scale 1m
Fig. 22 Area C : the excavation area, looking north.
Scale 2m
Fig. 23 Area C: brick vault 5024, looking east.
Scales 1m, 1m and 0.2m
Fig. 24 Area C: kiln 5124, looking south.
Scales both 1m
Fig. 25 Area C: walls 5128 and 5138,
looking south. Scales both 1m
Fig. 26 Area C: walls 5109 and 5112,
looking east. Scale 1m
Fig. 27 Area C: Brewhouse Square and cobbled surface 6057,
looking east
Fig. 28 Area C: detail of cobbled surface 6057.
Scales both 1m
Fig. 29 Area C: surface 6057 with central gutter,
looking east. Scales both 1m
Fig. 30 Area C: Revetment 6039,
looking west. Scale 2m

ROYAL CLARENCE YARD GOSPORT HAMPSHIRE

Transcription

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