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2014 Family Wealth Conference Patrick Rooney Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy Raising Charitable Children INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Patrick Rooney • Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Research Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy • Professor of Economics and Philanthropic Studies Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis [email protected] www.philanthropy.iupui.edu 3 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 4 The IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy • On April 9, 2013, IU President Michael McRobbie and other officials inaugurated the new School of Philanthropy and named it in honor of Lilly family. • Believed to be the world’s first school dedicated to the study and teaching of philanthropy. • Builds on existing strengths of the Center on Philanthropy. • Academic Programs • The Fund Raising School • Lake Institute on Faith & Giving • Women’s Philanthropy Institute • International Programs • Research Why Do People Give • • • • • • Make a difference Give back to community Religious/political/philosophical values Personal satisfaction and fulfillment A demonstration of high social standing Children and the transmission of philanthropic values • Gratitude • Tax deductions Source: The 2012 Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy. Schervish, Paul. 2000. The New Physics of Philanthropy: The Supply-Side Vectors of Charitable Giving INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Giving USA • The longest running, annual report on U.S. charitable giving. • Estimates for: • Sources of giving • Amounts received by type of organization • Published by the Giving USA FoundationTM. • Researched and written by the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Total giving:1973-2013 (in billions of dollars) Source: Giving USA 2014. 8 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Sources of Giving in 2013 $335.17 billion by source of contributions (in billions of dollars – all figures are rounded) Source: Giving USA 2014. 9 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Uses of Giving in 2013 Notes: $335.17 billion by type of recipient organization (in billions of dollars – all figures are rounded)|Source: Giving USA 2014. 10 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Total giving as a percentage of GDP, 1973-2013 (in inflation-adjusted dollars, 2013 = $100) Notes: Giving USA uses the CPI to adjust for inflation | Source: Giving USA 2014. 11 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • “This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: first to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds which he is called upon to administer … to produce the most beneficial results for the community.” • Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) • According to Carnegie, creating wealth was good and indeed “natural” for those with superior talents. But what should be done with it? The best use of wealth is to provide “ladders upon which the aspiring can rise.” Such as libraries and universities. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • To give away money is an easy matter and in any man's power. But to decide to whom to give it and how large and when, and for what purpose and how, is neither in every man's power nor an easy matter. Aristotle • We're only here for a small amount of time and we want to see how much good we can do while we're here and I always say... in the future, there would be many millionaires and they can take care of those problems but I'm here now and I'm trying to do what I can. Doris Buffet • If you’re in the luckiest 1pc of humanity, you owe it to the rest of humanity to think about the other 99pc. Warren Buffett INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World The Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy 14 • Sponsored by Bank of America. • 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012; field for 2014. • Leading resource on high net-worth households. • Scientific random sample (in 2012, n= 701). • Prior research based on client lists. • Includes any household with an annual income of more than $200,000 and/or net worth of more than $1,000,000 (excluding the value of their home). All respondents had to have their primary residence in the U.S. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 15 High net worth donors reporting giving based on motivation type in 2011^ Percentage (%) Note: ^Respondents were asked to rank answers from 1 “strongly disagree” to 5 “strongly agree.” Responses shown here represent those in the agree categories. *2009 and 2011 results are statistically significant (2009 data not included here). INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Children and the transmission of philanthropic values • • Note: Responses include households that may or may not have children. Source: The 2012 Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy. 16 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Family traditions and high net worth giving • • Note: Responses do not include households that do not have children or grandchildren (whether living at home or not) Source: The 2012 Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy. 17 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 18 The 12 Portraits of Donors Source: Rooney, Patrick, and Heidi Frederick. 2007. Bank of America Study of High NetWorth Philanthropy: Portrait of Donors. Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • Not he who has much is rich but he who gives much. • Erich Fromm • Gentleness, self-sacrifice and generosity are the exclusive possession of no one race or religion. • Mohandas Gandhi • My father used to say, 'You can spend a lot of time making money. The tough time comes when you have to give it away properly.' How to give something back, that’s the tough part in life. • Lee Iacocca INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. … • The raising of extraordinarily large sums of money, given voluntarily and freely by millions of our fellow Americans, is a unique American tradition... Philanthropy, charity, giving voluntarily and freely... call it what you like, but it is truly a jewel of an American tradition. • John F. Kennedy, 35th POTUS INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World The Philanthropy Panel Study (PPS) • Conducted in conjunction with the University of Michigan’s Panel Study of Income Dynamics. • Largest and longest running panel study in the world. Started tracking 5,000 households in 1968. • Philanthropy module added in 2001. • Now interview more than 8,400 households. • The School conducted waves of PPS in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013. 21 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 22 Overview of Charitable Giving in 2011 Giving Rate Overall Giving 61.1% Average amount per donor household $2,372 Median amount per donor household $900 • 61.1 percent of all U.S. households gave to charity in 2011. • $2,372 was the average giving amount to charity per U.S. donor household in 2011. • $900 was the median giving amount to charity per U.S. donor household in 2011. • Source: COPPS 2011 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 23 Stability of donors • Data from each of three waves of the Philanthropy Panel Study (PPS) implies lots of stability of donors over time: • In each of three years of data, ~2/3 of Americans are donors. • On the surface, this seems to suggest donor stability. • However, more careful examination of the data reveals a fair amount of instability: • 56% donated in all 3 years. • 15% never donated in any of the 3 years. • 29% donated in some but not all of the 3 years. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “Stability of Donors,” (with Mark Wilhelm, Amir Hayat, Jonathan Bergdoll.). Working paper. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 24 Stability of donors: Who are persistent donors? • Income matters. • It matters more for explaining persistent donors than it does for repeat or one-time donors. • Wealth does not matter much in terms of explaining these differences—at least after controlling for income. • Age matters a little. • Race matters, but somewhat inconsistently. • Marital status and gender matter quite a bit! • Marrieds and single females are much more likely to be donors, especially persistent donors! Source: Rooney, Patrick. “Stability of Donors,” (with Mark Wilhelm, Amir Hayat, Jonathan Bergdoll.). Working paper. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 25 Religious Giving over the Life Cycle and Across Cohorts • Evidence that giving to religion by successive cohorts has declined as a share of income. • Each generation gives less to religion than their parents and grandparents as a share of income. • However, for those who give to religion, giving to religion keeps pace with income over the life cycle. • Habit? Tithing? • Non-religious giving as a share of income declines slightly over the life cycle. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “Changes in Religious Giving Reflect Changes in Involvement: Age and Cohort Effects in Religious Giving, Secular Giving, and Attendance” (with Mark Wilhelm, Economics, IUPUI and Eugene Tempel, The Center on Philanthropy). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 217-232. 2007. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 26 Religious Giving over the Life Cycle and Across Cohorts • Fairly strong evidence that trends in religious giving parallel trends in religious attendance. • Is giving to Notre Dame or BC motivated by giving to religion or to education? Both? Source: Rooney, Patrick. “Changes in Religious Giving Reflect Changes in Involvement: Age and Cohort Effects in Religious Giving, Secular Giving, and Attendance” (with Mark Wilhelm, Economics, IUPUI and Eugene Tempel, The Center on Philanthropy). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 217-232. 2007. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 27 Transmission of Philanthropic Values Across Generations • Using PPS dataset looked at the relationship btwn giving by parents and their adult children. • Found that even after controlling for differences in income, wealth, age, race, gender, etc., there was a very strong relationship btwn parent’s giving and the philanthropy of their adult children. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Generosity” (with Mark Wilhelm, Economics, IUPUI; Rich Steinberg, Economics, IUPUI; and Eleanor Brown, Economics, Pomona College). Journal of Public Economics, 92#10-11, October 2008, pp. 2145-2156 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 28 Transmission of Philanthropic Values Across Generations • Religious giving by parents was important in predicting religious but not the non-religious giving of their adult children. – Surprising: whether or not parents give to religious purposes is not associated with their adult children’s giving to relieve poverty. • Secular giving by parents was important in predicting secular but not the religious giving of their adult children. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Generosity” (with Mark Wilhelm, Economics, IUPUI; Rich Steinberg, Economics, IUPUI; and Eleanor Brown, Economics, Pomona College). Journal of Public Economics, 92#10-11, October 2008, pp. 2145-2156. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 29 Skewed Distributions of Income and Giving: IRS Data • 86% of US HH’s earn < $100K. – They earn 48% of the total income. – They give almost 41% of itemized gifts. • HH’s earning btwn $100K and $1 mil account for 38% of the income and 43% of itemized gifts. • Few earn more than $1 mil/yr (0.4% of pop). Earn 14% of total income and give 16% of total HH giving. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “COPPS and Individual Giving,” Indianapolis, IN, June 24, 2008. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 30 Skewed Distributions of Income and Giving: COPPS Data • Havens and Schervish: Final estates with $20 mil+ comprise 0.6% of all estates filed in 2000, but generated 44% of all charitable bequests that year. • Estates under $1 million form the vast majority of all estates by size group (44%) but create only 6% of all charitable bequests. Source: Rooney, Patrick. “COPPS and Individual Giving,” Indianapolis, IN, June 24, 2008. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Talking to Children about Philanthropy • Women Give 2013: New Research on Charitable Giving by Girls and Boys. • Conducted at the Women’s Philanthropy Institute. • Nationally representative data: • • • U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and its Child Development Supplement (CDS) across two time periods (2002-2003 and 2007-2008) Same 903 children over two time periods (2002-2003 and 2007-2008). • Source: Women Give 2013 31 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 32 Talking to Children about Philanthropy is Important • This study finds that talking to children significantly increases the children’s likelihood of giving to charity regardless of parents’ income level and the children’s gender, race, and age. • Talking about charitable giving is more effective than simply role-modeling charitable behavior. • As conversations about philanthropy, including why, how, and when we give, become more ingrained within families, children’s giving will increase. • Source: Women Give 2013 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 33 How to Talk to Children about Philanthropy • Conversations should be intentional, specific, and focused on the emotional benefits of those who are being helped. • Parents need to ask themselves, “Do my children know that I give to charity? Do they know which charities I give to? Do they know why I give, and why I give to those specific charities?” • Open dialogue, thoughtful conversations, and ageappropriate explanations about giving are helpful strategies for raising charitable children. • Source: Women Give 2013 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World The Impact of Service-Learning A meta-analysis of 62 studies of the impact of servicelearning involving 11,837 students indicated that, compared to controls, students participating in SL programs demonstrated significant gains in five outcome areas: • Attitudes toward self • Attitudes toward school and learning • Civic engagement • Social skills • Academic performance. Source: Celio, C., Durlak, J. and Dymnicki, A. (2011). A Meta-analysis of the Impact of Service-Learning on Students. Journal of Experiential Education, 34(2), pp. 164-181. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Approaches for Children to Practice Philanthropy Since the progressive movement in the early 20th century, nonprofit organizations have trained young people in responsible citizenship, engaged them in community services, and cultivated their philanthropic values. • YMCA • Boys & Girls Club • Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts • AIESEC Source: The 2012 Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy. Schervish, Paul. 2000. The New Physics of Philanthropy: The Supply-Side Vectors of Charitable Giving INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Philanthropy Education in K-12 Schools • Purpose • • Develop a typology for philanthropy education programs nationally. Provide a better understanding of the terminology used in philanthropy-related education programs offered at the K-12 level. • Methodology • • • Environmental Scan Telephone interviews with select philanthropy education K-12 educators and program administrators (n=10) Web-based survey: member schools from NAIS (n=128) • Source: LFSOP. (2014). Understanding philanthropy education in K-12 schools: A typology. 36 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 37 History of Philanthropy Education • • 1950s Community service and character building are integrated into K-12 education (Falk & Nissan, 2007) • 19891990 President George H.W. Bush established the Office of National Service in the White House; signed the National and Community Service Act • 1993 President Bill Clinton created the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS); Maryland became the first state requiring service learning to graduate • 1997 Learning to Give (LTG) launched • 2006 LTG merged with The League • 2010 generationOn established Source: Thayer, A. & Hu, Ming. “Understanding Philanthropy Education in K-12 Schools”. ARNOVA Presentation. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Core Components of Philanthropy Education Programs • • Note: N=128 Source: LFSOP. (2014). Understanding philanthropy education in K-12 schools: A typology. 38 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 39 Philanthropy Education in K-12 Schools • “Curriculum related to what you have to teach that opens up the door for kids to make a choice about what they want to do about an issue.” • “In our setting, philanthropy education serves as the term which covers all of our programming because it means giving time, talent, and treasure for the common good.” • “Educating students on the non-profit sector by discussing its elements in service-learning class.” • “Teaching students the how, raising and giving away money, and also the why, history and working among sectors, of philanthropy.” • Source: Thayer, A. & Hu, Ming. “Understanding Philanthropy Education in K-12 Schools”. ARNOVA Presentation. INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Preliminary Findings- Purpose • Purpose: • Character Development • “This program teaches students more than academics; it teaches empathy and awareness of others.” • “Service is a tangible piece to character.” • “Parents love this program. Parents rarely care about ISTEP scores. They want their kids to be good people. You start to see these intangibles. Those are some of the most important things for parents. Hey, my kid is starting to care about the community. My kid taught his little sister something because he taught these other little kids about bullying. The feedback from parents is always very positive; these are the metrics they care about. Is my kid developing into a good person. . . a good well-rounded person?” INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Preliminary Findings- Delivery Emphasis • Emphasis: • Student-Driven • “On the learner level the engagement increases; it’s hard to quantify. . . but like you’ve never seen before in a classroom. . . like I’ve never seen before in a classroom. You have to get buy-in from the learners.” • “The students have the responsibility of planning and creating most of the large service projects the school will be involved in. I would rather see imperfect projects with all student participation rather than having parents make projects ‘better’.” INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Preliminary Findings- Delivery Emphasis • Emphasis: • Real-World Experiences • “This is a real-world class, different from other classes, it’s hands-on.” • “The kids have very positive feedback. The service learning projects are some of the things they remember. It’s hands-on; it’s real world. You’re affecting people. A lot of times you get to see the results right away, which is different than most school work.” INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness. …Everyone can be great, because everyone can serve. … Life's persistent and most urgent question is 'What are you doing for others?' Martin Luther King Jr. • They will question you concerning what they should bestow voluntarily. Say: ‘Whatever good thing you bestow is for parents and kinsmen, orphans, the needy and strangers and whatever good you do God has knowledge of it.’ Koran (2: 215) • If you can't feed a hundred people, then feed just one. • Mother Teresa INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • I've always respected those who tried to change the world for the better, rather than just complain about it. …The truth of the matter is: you can create a great legacy, and inspire others, by giving it to philanthropic organizations. Michael Bloomberg • When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad; and that’s my religion. Abraham Lincoln, 16th POTUS • We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future. • FDR, 32nd POTUS INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Resources • Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy www.philanthropy.iupui.edu • Giving USA www.givingusareports.org • The Million Dollar List www.milliondollarlist.org • Other research including www.philanthropy.iupui.edu/research-by-category 45 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 46 Appendix: Additional readings FOR PARENTS: Raising Children with Philanthropic Values by the Philanthropic Initiative, Boston, M.A., 2014 Raising Charitable Children by Carol Weisman, F.E. Robbins & Sons Press, 2006 The Giving Family – Raising our Children to Help Others by Susan Crites Price, published by the Council on Foundations, Washington, D.C. 2001 Silver Spoon Kids – How Successful Parents Raise Responsible Children by Eileen and Jon Gallo, Contemporary Books, 2001 Too Much of a Good Thing – Raising Children of Character in an Indulgent Age by Dan Kindlon, Ph.D., Hyperion, New York, 2001 The Moral Intelligence of Children by Robert Coles, Random House, 1997 The Ultimate Gift by Jim Stoval, David C. Cook, 2001 • Source: Raising Children with Philanthropic Values by the Philanthropic Initiative, Boston, M.A., 2014 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 47 Appendix: Additional readings FOR CHILDREN: Miss Rumphius by Barbara Cooney, Scholastic, 1985 (For children ages 26) The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein, HarperCollins Juvenile Books, 1964 (For children, ages 4 and up) Stone Soup: An Old Tale by Marcia Brown, Aladdin Paperbacks, 1997 (For children ages 5-7) Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH by Robert C. O’Brien, Aladdin Paperbacks, 1971 (For children 8-10) Seedfolks by Paul Fleischman, HarperCollins, 1997 (For children 11-13) Passage to Freedom: The Sugihara Story, Lee & Low Books by Ken Mochizuki, 1997 (For children 13-16) • Source: Raising Children with Philanthropic Values by the Philanthropic Initiative, Boston, M.A., 2014 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World 48 Appendix: Additional readings FOR CHILDREN (continued): Whirligig by Paul Fleischman, MacMillan, 1998 (For children 15+) The Kid’s Guide to Service Projects: Over 500 Ideas for Young People Who Want to Make a Difference by Barbara Lewis, Free Spirit Publishing (For all ages) The Giving Book: Open the Door to a Lifetime of Giving by Ellen Sabin, Watering Can Press, 2004 (For younger children) • Source: Raising Children with Philanthropic Values by the Philanthropic Initiative, Boston, M.A., 2014 INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Appendix: Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • The desire of power in excess caused the angels to fall; the desire of knowledge in excess caused man to fall: but in charity there is no excess; neither can angel nor man come in danger by it. Sir Francis Bacon • It is every man's obligation to put back into the world at least the equivalent of what he takes out of it. Albert Einstein • The highest use of capital is not to make more money but to make money to do more for the betterment of life. Henry Ford • With a generation of younger folks who have thrived on the success of their companies, there is a big opportunity for many of us to give back earlier in our lifetime and see the impact of our philanthropic efforts. Mark Zuckerburg INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Appendix: Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • Not he who has much is rich but he who gives much. Erich Fromm • Gentleness, self-sacrifice and generosity are the exclusive possession of no one race or religion. Mohandas Gandhi • Charity is a supreme virtue, and the great channel through which the mercy of God is passed on to mankind. It is the virtue that unites men and inspires their noblest efforts…. There is a natural law, a Divine law, that obliges you and me to relieve the suffering, the distressed and the destitute. Conrad Hilton • If you haven't got any charity in your heart, you have the worst kind of heart trouble. Bob Hope INDIANA UNIVERSITY LILLY FAMILY SCHOOL OF PHILANTHROPY Improving Philanthropy to Improve the World Appendix: Additional Quotations about Philanthropy • Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. • Margaret Mead • Think of giving not only as a duty but as a privilege. • John D. Rockefeller • When you cease to make a contribution, you begin to die. • Eleanor Roosevelt • Tis not enough to help the feeble up but to support him after. • William Shakespeare • If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else. • Booker T. Washington • It's not just about being able to write a check. It's being able to touch somebody's life. Oprah Winfrey