Transformer steel 4.17 Mb

Contents
Introduction
2
1.
Application scope
4
2.
Process
5
Production flow chart
6
Properties
7
3.1 Dimensional product mix
7
3.2 Magnetic properties
8
3.
3.3 Physical and mechanical properties
11
3.4 Electric insulation coating
12
4.
Page index of diagrams of steel magnetic properties per grade
13
5.
Packaging
35
6.
Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties
to various standards
36
6А.
Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties
of various manufacturers
37
7.
Conversion table
38
8.
Contact details
39
2
Introduction
NLMK Group produces grain-oriented electrical steel at two of its Russian sites: OJSC “NLMK”,
Lipetsk, and LLC “VIZ-Stal”, Yekaterinburg.
Due to its advantage of wide experience in grain-oriented electrical steel production gained at its
sites in Lipetsk (since 1960) and Yekaterinburg (since 1973) NLMK Group meets its customers’
requirements and continuously improves its product quality.
Grain-oriented electrical steel by NLMK Group is widely used for the manufacture of power
and distribution transformers of various design, other electrical equipment and apparatuses.
At present NLMK is implementing a large-scale equipment and process upgrading program
and is planning to master the production of high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel
by 2010-2011.
The Group companies are giving great consideration to quality and environment management
systems and have obtained certificates confirming their compliance with international
standards.
NLMK Group has a well-developed global sales center network and the required logistic
resources to guarantee on-time delivery of grain-oriented electrical steel directly
to the consumer's site.
3
4
1. Application scope
Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) is widely used for the production of power
transformers and has low specific core loss, which makes it essential for the manufacture
of magnetic cores.
List of main electrical equipment, where NLMK Group’s steel is used for the manufacture
of magnetic cores:
power transformers;
distribution transformers;
shunt reactors;
measuring transformers;
generators;
high-voltage and low-voltage gear;
electronics.
5
2. Process
GOES is melted in and tapped from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) with subsequent casting
at continuous casting machines (CCM).
A comprehensive technology provides for liquid steel blowing with inert gases, vacuum
degassing and secondary metallurgy.
Hot rolling is performed at continuous hot strip mill.
Cold-rolled strip production
First strip surface is descaled at the pickling line. Then the strip undergoes first cold rolling
at continuous 4-stand mill to obtain intermediate thickness.
Cold-rolled strip is subjected to decarburization re-crystallization annealing at continuous
annealing line.
In the process of second cold rolling the strip is reduced to its final thickness.
After heat-resistant coating is applied (MgO), the coils undergo high-temperature batch
annealing in hydrogen atmosphere.
Then the strip is cleaned from excessive MgO, coated with electric insulation coating and
undergoes further processing at thermoflattening and electric insulation coating lines.
Part of coils is laser-treated at laser facility (domain refining).
Slitting and cut-to-length lines are used for edge trimming, slitting and commodity coil
generation.
Finished products are packed and shipped by railway or by trucks.
6
Production flow chart of cold-rolled electrical steel
1. Pickling of hot-rolled strip
6. High-temperature annealing
in bell-type furnaces in controlled
environment
2. 1st cold rolling
to intermediate thickness
3. Decarburization annealing
at continuous annealing line
4. 2nd cold rolling
to final thickness
5. Heat-resistant coating
application
7. Electric insulation coating application
and thermoflattening
8. Slitting and cutting operations
(edge trimming; slitting; cutting
to length)
9. Treatment at laser facility
10. Finished product shipment
7
8
3. Properties
3.1. Dimensional product mix
Fully-processed cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel (CRGO) is supplied in line with
GOST 21427.1 (Russia), EN 10107 (EC), NLMK standard and technical specifications agreed
with the customers.
Grain-oriented electrical steel is supplied with electric insulation non-organic coating.
Nominal thickness, mm
0.23; 0.27; 0.30; 0.35; 0.50
Width, mm
coils
up to 1 000
slit strip
90-500
Coil ID, mm
500
Coil weight, t
up to 5
Nominal thickness, mm
Max. thickness deviation, mm
0.23; 0.27; 0.30
0.35; 0.50
± 0.020
± 0.030
Max. weld thickness deviation, mm
0.02
Transverse thickness deviation, max., mm
0.02
Longitudinal thickness deviation (1 500 mm of length),
max., mm
0.02
Burr height, max., mm
0.02
Nominal width, mm
Max. width deviation, mm
L≤ 250
250<L≤500
L>500
+0.8
+1.2
+0.5%
Wave factor, %, max.
1.5
Wave height, max., mm
3.0
Camber (1 500 mm of length), max., mm
0.5
Grain-oriented electrical steel meeting other product mix requirements can be produced
according to special order upon additional agreement.
9
3.2 Magnetic properties
Subject to agreement with the customer electrical grain-oriented steel is supplied in accordance
with GOST 21427.1, EN 10107, NLMK Standard and Technical Specification in grades specified in
this section.
Steel
grade
Nominal
thickness,
mm
Guaranteed magnetic properties
Р1.5/50,
max., W/
kg
Typical magnetic properties
Р1.7/50,
max., W/
kg
В800,
min, T
Р1.5/50,
W/kg,
average
Р1.7/50,
W/kg,
average
В800,
T, average
1.00
1.85
0.68
0.99
1.86
1.10
1.78
0.69
1.06
1.86
European standard EN 10107
M100-23P
М110-23S
М120-23S
0.23
М127-23S
1.20
1.78
0.74
1.11
1.86
1.27
1.75
0.77
1.21
1.84
State standard of Russia GOST 21427.1
3409
1.08
0.75
1.06
1.88
3408
1.14
0.78
1.12
1.88
1.20
0.80
1.16
1.87
3406
1.27
0.83
1.23
1.86
3409
1.14
0.81
1.13
1.88
3408
1.20
0.82
1.17
1.88
1.26
0.84
1.22
1.87
3406
1.33
0.89
1.28
1.86
3409
1.24
0.89
1.22
1.87
3408
1.30
0.92
1.27
1.87
1.36
0.93
1.31
1.86
1.43
0.98
1.41
1.83
0.68
0.99
1.88
3407
3407
3407
0.27
0.30
0.35
3406
Corporate standard NLMK STO 05757665-008
NV23S-100L
NV23S-110
-
1.00
1.87
0.73
1.10
1.85
0.69
1.06
1.86
0.77
1.20
1.83
0.74
1.13
1.86
NV23S-127
0.80
1.27
1.82
0.78
1.22
1.85
NV27P-100
-
1.00
1.88
0.68
0.99
1.88
NV23S-120
0.23
NV27S-105L
-
1.05
1.87
0.74
1.04
1.88
NV27S-110
0.75
1.10
1.86
0.74
1.07
1.88
0.80
1.20
1.84
0.78
1.13
1.87
NV27S-130
0.85
1.30
1.83
0.81
1.24
1.85
NV27S-140
0.89
1.40
1.82
0.86
1.35
1.83
NV27S-120
0.27
10
Steel
grade
Nominal
thickness,
mm
Guaranteed magnetic properties
Typical magnetic properties
Р1.5/50,
max., W/
kg
Р1.7/50,
max., W/
kg
В800,
min, T
Р1.5/50,
W/kg,
average
Р1.7/50,
W/kg,
average
В800,
T, average
NV30P-105
-
1.05
1.88
0.77
1.04
1.88
NV30S-110L
-
1.10
1.87
0.78
1.08
1.88
0.80
1.20
1.86
0.80
1.16
1.88
NV30S-130
NV30S-120
0.85
1.30
1.84
0.84
1.25
1.86
NV30S-140
0.89
1.40
1.78
0.88
1.34
1.83
NV35S-120
0.90
1.20
1.86
0.86
1.18
1.87
NV35S-130
0.30
0.35
NV35S-145
0.95
1.30
1.83
0.91
1.26
1.85
1.00
1.45
1.81
0.95
1.35
1.84
0.95
1.87
0.66
0.94
1.88
1.00
1.86
0.67
0.98
1.87
1.05
1.85
0.71
1.02
1.86
Technical specification NLMK TU 14-106-769
NV23S-095L
NV23S-100L
0.23
NV23S-105L
NV27S-095L
0.95
1.87
0.67
0.94
1.88
1.00
1.86
0.68
0.98
1.87
NV27S-105L
1.05
1.85
0.74
1.02
1.86
NV30S-100L
1.00
1.87
0.75
0.99
1.88
NV27S-100L
NV30S-105L
NV30S-110L
0.27
0.30
1.05
1.86
0.77
1.03
1.87
1.10
1.85
0.78
1.07
1.86
The measurements of magnetic properties are done in accordance with IEC 60404, GOST 12119.
Reference formulas for the conversion of specific loss at 50 Hz into specific loss at 60 Hz:
P1.5/60 = P1.5/50*1.266
P1.7/60 = P1.7/50*1.316
“L” in grade designations means that the steel has undergone domain refining by laser treatment.
In the course of using this steel its annealing (heating in excess of 4500С) is not recommended.
The appearance of laser-treated steel with refined domain structure does not differ from that
of untreated steel. Laser treatment marks are not visible on the surface of the steel.
11
The appearance of laser-treated steel surface, coated and uncoated
Coated
Uncoated
3.3. Physical and mechanical properties
Thickness, mm
Indicator
Longitudinal
σт, N/mm2
Transverse
Longitudinal
σB, N/mm2
Transverse
Longitudinal
δ4, %
Transverse
HV5
Value
0.23
0.27
0.30
0.35
average
335
339
332
335
min-max
320–360
315–350
315–360
310–360
average
357
358
352
354
min-max
345–370
349–369
344–361
347–365
average
362
359
354
356
min-max
340–375
341–372
336–376
338–375
average
405
409
400
408
min-max
395–415
399–421
386–426
390–425
average
8
9
10
11
min-max
6–12
7–13
7–16
average
27
28
28
29
min-max
24–30
24–31
24–37
25–37
average
175
174
178
177
min-max
165–190
164–182
165–195
168–200
Stacking factor
average
0.950
0.955
0.960
0.965
Specific electrical resistance,
Ohm•mm2/m
average
0.475
min-max
0.45–0.50
Specific density, kg/m3
7 650
Number of bends
≥2
Coefficient of ageing, %
≤2
12
3.4 Electric insulation coating
Grain-oriented electrical steel is supplied in coils and slit coils with electric insulation coating:
“СМ” coating (Coating Magnetoactive) – ground layer based on magnesium and silicon oxides
covered with silicon phosphates and oxides.
Technical properties
Coating type acc.
to STO 05757665-008-2007
СМ
Coating type acc. to GOST 21427.1
ЭТ
Class ASTM 976
С2+C5
EN 10342
EC-5-G
Color
grey or brown grey
Coating
double-side
Coating thickness, μm
2.0–5.0
Resistance coefficient, Ohm x cm2
≥20
Heat resistance
8300С, 10 h., protective atmosphere
(90% N2 +10% H2)
Oil resistance
good
13
4. Page index of diagrams of steel magnetic
properties per grade
Steel grade
3409
3408
М12023S
3407
Thickness, mm
0.27
0.30
0.27
0.30
0.35
0.27
0.30
0.35
0.23
Magnetic polarization
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Relative peak
permeability
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Core loss
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Exciting power
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Specific core loss
at an angle, P1,5/50
32
33
Magnetic induction
at an angle, В800
32
34
Permeability at an
angle, μ1,5
33
34
14
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409
15
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409
16
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409
17
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409
18
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408
19
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408
20
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408
21
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408
22
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408
23
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408
24
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407
25
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407
26
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407
27
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407
28
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407
29
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407
30
Magnetic polarization
Jm=f(Hrms), 0.23 mm, M120-23S
Relative peak permeability
m=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.23 mm, M120-23S
31
Core loss
P=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23S
Exciting power
S=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23S
32
Core losses Р1.5/50 at angles to the rolling direction
0.27 mm, 3409
Magnetic polarization В800 at angles to the rolling direction
0.27 mm, 3409
33
Permeability μ15 at angles to the rolling direction
0.27 mm, 3409
Core losses Р1.5/50 at angles to the rolling direction
0.30 mm, 3409
34
Magnetic polarization В800 at angles to the rolling direction
0.30 mm, 3409
Permeability μ15 at angles to the rolling direction
0.30 mm, 3409
35
5. Packaging
10
3
2
7
1
8
5
9
4
6
3
1.
Fastener
2.
Strapping band
3.
Cover lid
4.
Outer wrapping sheet
5.
PE-coated wrapping paper
6.
Pallet assembly with screw dies and angles
7.
PE-film
8.
Adhesive tape
9.
Self-adhesive label
10.
Protective angle
Grain-oriented electrical steel coils and slit coils are shipped eye up.
0.35
0.30
0.27
0.23
Thickness, mm
1.33
1.40
1.50
1.24
1.30
1.36
3406
3405
3404
3409
3408
3407
1.60
1.26
3407
3404
1.20
3408
1.50
1.14
3409
3405
1.38
3405
1.43
1.27
3406
1.20
3406
1.14
3408
3407
1.08
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
3409
Grade
GOST 21427.1-83, Russia
35Q155
35Q145
35Q135
35QG135
35QG125
30Q150
30Q140
30Q130
30QG130
30QG120
30QG110
27Q140
27Q130
27Q120
27QG110
27QG100
Grade
1.55
1.45
1.35
1.35
1.25
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
GB/T 2521-96, China
35G155
35G145
35G135
35Р125
30G150
30G140
30G130
30Р120
27G140
27G130
27G120
27Р110
Grade
1.55
1.45
1.35
1.25
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
JIS G G2553-2000, Japan
М6
М5
М5
М4
М3
М4
1.57
1.45
1.39
1.32
1.23
1.27
1.21
1.18
M3
М3
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
Grade
AISI 1983, USA
35Н207М
30Н183М
27Н163М
Grade
1.57
1.39
1.24
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
ASTM A 876M, USA
М165-35S
M150-35S
M140-35S
M150-30S
M140-30S
M130-30S
M140-27S
M130-27S
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.27
M120-27S
1.20
M127-23S
Specific loss,
Р1.7/50, W/kg
M120-23S
Grade
EN 10107, ЕС
6. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties to various standards
36
Thickness, mm
0.30
0.27
1.50
1.20
3408
3404
1.14
3409
1.40
1.38
3405
1.33
1.27
3406
3405
1.20
3407
3406
1.14
3408
1.26
1.08
3409
3407
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
Grade
Induction, В100,Т
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.68
1.71
1.72
1.61
1.62
1.68
1.71
1.72
NV27P-100
NV30S-140
NV30S-130
NV30S-120
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.05
NV30P-105
NV30S-110L
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
NV27S-140
NV27S-130
NV27S-120
NV27S-110
1.05
1.00
Grade
NV27S-105L
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
Induction, В800,Т
1.78
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.88
NLMK Standard
(STO 05757665-008)
3Z140
30Z130
30Z120
30ZH110
30ZH105
27Z130
27Z120
27ZH110
27ZH100
Grade
Nippon Steel
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
Induction, В800,Т
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.88
1.88
1.80
1.80
1.88
1.88
30RG140
30RG130
30RG120
30RGH110
30RGH105
27RG130
27RG120
27RGH110
27RGH100
Grade
JFE
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
Induction, В800,Т
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.87
1.87
1.80
1.80
1.87
1.87
30PG198
30PG185
30PG172
30PH158
30PH145
30PH105
27PG185
27PG172
27PG158
27PH145
27PH100
Grade
POSCO
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
1.77
1.80
1.80
1.87
1.87
1.88
1.76
1.80
1.80
1.87
1.88
C150-30
C140-30
C130-30
H111-30
H105-30
C140-27
C130-27
C120-27
H103-27
Grade
Thyssen
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.11
1.05
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.03
Specific loss,
Р1,7/50, W/kg
GOST 21427.1-83
Induction, В800,Т
6А. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties of various manufacturers
Induction, В800,Т
1.75
1.78
1.80
1.85
1.88
1.75
1.78
1.80
1.85
37
38
7. Conversion table
Characteristic
Magnetic induction, B
Magnetic field intensity
Specific core loss, P
Unit of measurement
Conversion
factor
Conversion unit
T
104
Gs
Gs
10
lines per sq. inch
1.55∙10
T
T
6.45∙104
lines per sq. inch
oersted, (Oe)
79.58
A/m
A/m
0.01257
oersted, (Oe)
W/kg
0.4536
W/lb
W/lb
2.205
W/kg
145
psi
6.9∙10
MPa (N/mm2)
С
х1.8 + 32
0
0
F
х0.556 + 17.8
0
pound
0.4536
kg
kg
2.205
pound
m
39.4
inch
inch
0.0254
m
m
3.281
foot
foot
0.3048
m
0
Temperature, T
Weight
Thickness, width, length
-5
MPa (N/mm )
2
Tensile strength
T
-4
psi
-3
F
С
39
8. Contact details
OJSC “Novolipetsk Steel”
Russia, 398040 Lipetsk, 2, pl. Metallurgov
Fax: (4742) 44 11 11
e-mail: [email protected], http://www.nlmk.ru
LLC “VIZ-Stal”
Russia, 620219 Yekaterinburg, 28, Kirova st., GSP-714
Tel. (343) 245 49 73, Fax: (343) 242 71 08
e-mail:[email protected]