The BURJ DUBAI Tower The BURJ DUBAI Tower

Transcription

The BURJ DUBAI Tower
Luc Maertens
BESIX & KULEUVEN
Brussels, November 28, 2007 Luc Maertens
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Project brief
Structural Overview
Building shape
Wind design
• General
• Comfort
• Cladding
• Pedestrian level
And what about earthquake?
Building monitoring study
Construction speed & Concrete
Equipment & Vertical Transport
How to build the TOP of the building?
Page 4
1. PROJECT Brief
Page 5
Pinnacle
Project Name:
The Burj Tower
Spire
Owner : EMAAR Properties
Communication (L160)
Contractor :
JV BESIX – SAMSUNG – Arabtec
Office (L153)
Duration :
47Months (1 Feb 05 ~ 30 Dec 08)
Observatory
(L123)
Consultants :
Project Manager
Design
Supervision
Quantity Surveyor
Cost :
Area Tower:
Area Podium:
Floors :
Height :
Elevators:
Turner Construction Int’l.
Skidmore, Owings & Merill
(SOM)
Hyder Consulting
DG Jones Int’l.
900,000,000 USD
280.000 m²
190.000 m²
Above 160 floors
Above 800m
Mumber:54 – Max. speed 10m/sec
Residence (L108)
Hotel (L39)
Page 6
■ Project Location
UAE
Palm Island
Port Rashid
MPA Residence
Burj Al Arab
Airport
Burj Dubai
Downtown
Abu Dhabi
Page 7
Tallest Buildings”
+/- 40
“World’s
+/- 20 years
Singer
Bld
1908
Met Life
1909
187 m
Woolworth
Bld
1913
Trump
Bld
1930
Chrysler
Bld
1930
Empire
State
1931
+/- 30 years
World
Trade
1972
Sears
Tower
1974
Petronas
Towers
1998
381 m
Span of 100 years
Taipei 101
2004
Burj
Dubai
2008
508 m
? 800 m
Page 8
Value of the new challenge?
818m ?
800
700
310m
600
366 m
500
400
300
200
100
The Burj Tower
Taipei 101
KLCC
Tower Palace 3rd
[UAE]
[Taipei]
[Malaysia]
[Korea]
818 m
508 m
452m
264 m
Page 9
2. Structural Overview
Page 10
Foundation System.
50m
50m
H/B ~ 9.5
50m
Variable Floor Area
3500 ~ 500 m2
-192 no. of piles , Diameter: 1500 mm, L=46m
- Raft Foundation: 3.70m / 13500 m³
Page 11
Analyses Model.
Page 12
Main elements.
600 mm corridor walls
900mm thick
Hummer-heads
Acting as buttress
walls
Perimeter
walls & columns
act in
composite
action with
core & buttress
walls
3D View During Construction
Page 13
3. Building shape
Page 14
Page 15
“Engineering based design” – why?
Y-shaped floor plan is ideal for
residential program
•Maximizes window perimeter to
floor plate area
Buttressed core
•Three wings arranged around
central core
•Each wing supports other two
•System is inherently stable
Setbacks occur at each wing in a
spiraling pattern
•Reduces vortex
shedding by changing
building shape 24 times
Page 16
4. Wind design
Page 17
Page 18
Burj Dubai Wind climate model : RWDI
LOCAL CLIMATIC
PATTERNS
•Shamal Winds
(dominant in Dubai)
•Limited data
GLOBAL WARMING
•Climatic predictions
for next 50 ~ 100 yrs
Page 19
4. Wind design
GENERAL MODEL
Page 20
•
Tests by Rowan Williams Davies &
Irwin – Ontario, Canada
•
1:500 Scale Aero-elastic Model
•
Structural dumping ratio of 1.5% of
critical for sway modes 1 and 2
•
Test model mounted on turntable
allowing simulation of wind
direction
•
Overall behavior as well as cladding
was studied
Page 21
Test Program:
•
36 wind directions at 10°
intervals starting at 5 ° from
True North
•
X-Axis aligned with True North
•
Tests for wind speeds between
0.5 to 1.3 times the 50-year
design wind speed
•
50-Year return period
corresponds to 3-sec gust wind
speed of 36.4 m/s at a height of
10m in open terrain
Page 22
Study of Wind Directionality
Raw base overturning moments and shear forces
Aeroelastic Model, 50-Year return period wind speed
Page 23
Predicted wind drift:
Location
Elevation
(m)
Drift
(mm)
•Top Communications +604.9
1450
•Top Office
+569.7
1250
•Observatory
+442.1
750
•Top Residential
+375.3
540
•(50 year wind event)
Page 24
4. Wind design
COMFORT
Page 25
Peak accelerations :
50.0
Mode 2
X – Dir.
0.1138 Hz
45.0
40.0
a (peak) milli-
35.0
NBCC – Office Buildings (10 Yrs)
30.0
ISO – Burj Dubai (10 Yrs)
25.0
10 YR RETURN
20.0
15.0
10.0
NBCC – Residential Buildings (10 Yrs)
5.0
0.0
0.0
5 YR RETURN
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Building Frequencies (Hz)
Page 26
1.1
Predicted Peak Accelerations
Private Club (Level 145)
EL = +558.7m
• Conclusion
– Accelerations expected to
be acceptable for human
comfort in upper
residential floors
•
•
ISO criteria for 1 and 5-year
return periods
RWDI extrapolation of ISO
criteria to the 10-year return
period
Page 27
4. Wind design
CLADDING WIND STUDY
Page 28
Cladding: Total 142000 m² / Tower 110000 m²
Page 29
Cladding Pressure Testing
Page 30
Curtain Wall Wind Pressure Diagram
Page 31
PEDESTRIAN LEVEL WIND STUDY
Page 32
5. And what about
earthquake?
Page 33
And what about earthquake?
500 year event was studied.
Conclusions were:
• Wind Typically Governs
• Seismic Only Governs near Top
Page 34
6. Building
Monotoring
System
Page 35
Page 36
7. Construction speed
Concrete Quality
Page 37
Page 38
Concrete
Concrete Quality
Columns and Walls
Floors and Beams
Level 157
Level 127
C 50
PODIUM
C 35 – C 60
C 60
C 80
GRADE C 60:
characteristic
resistance on
cubes 15x15x15 =
60 Mpa
Page 39
Concrete
TOWER - Walls and Colums
Grade
C 80
C 80
C 80
C 60
Levels
0 - 40
41 - 108
109 - 126
127 -154
80 - 56
80 - 56
80 - 56
60 - 28
550±75
600±75
650±50
650±50
Design strength
(MPa - days)
Required flow
(mm)
Page 40
Concrete
C 80
Levels
0-40
41-108
109-126
Max. Aggregate size (mm)
20
14
10
Cement ( OPC) (kg)
380
384
400
W/C Ratio
0.30
0.32
0.32
PFA (Ashresource) (kg)
60
96
100
Micro Silica (Fusil) (kg)
44
48
50
Water (kg)
132
155
160
Aggregates 20 mm (kg)
581
-
-
-
562
-
Sand
Admixure (Glemiun Sky 504)
(Kg/m³)
Required Flow (mm)
327
303
847
910
847
830
4.5~5
3~3.5
3~3.5
555 ± 75
600 ± 75
650 ± 50
Page 41
8. Equipment
Vertical transport
Page 42
Page 43
Concrete Pumping
Keep it workable
& High strength!
6500 workers
to transport
400 – 675m
40 m/min
Lifting
speed:
5 T:
200 m/min
h = 585 m
25 T:
50 m/min
15 m³
remaining
in the pipe…
0 – 400m
100 m/min
Page 44
Page 45
Page 46
9. How to build the TOP
of the building?
Page 47
Page 48
Burj Al Arab
Page 49
Page 50
Spire Lifting Sequence
Max recorded wind speed ~ 55m/s (200 km/h)
Operational Wind speed ≤ 15 m/s (55 km/h)
Above 700m
20m/s wind weekly exceeded
10m/s wind exceeded 3 times per day !
Page 51
Spire Erection
+818.0 m
By jacking (+/- 600 ton)
+739 m
+681.7m
With traditional crane crane
Transition between steel
+585.7m
And concrete construction
Page 52
SOME NUMBERS
Page 53
Some (approx.) numbers and facts
1. 160 Floors
2. 350 Hotel rooms
3. 900 Apartments
4. 50 Offices
5. 15000 Doors
6. 500.000 m² floor
7. 250.000 m³ Concrete
8. 34 million kg rebars
9. Concrete pumps: 36 m³/h at 320 bar
10. 6500 people - 10h/day - 6days/week
Page 54
SOME PICTURES
Page 55
22/01/2005
Page 56
26/10/2006
Page 57
546
585
mm
+442m
233
272
272
mm
toto
go!
go!
November 2007
Page 58
26/10/2006
Page 59
Page 60
Thank you for
your kind attention
Page 61

The BURJ DUBAI Tower The BURJ DUBAI Tower

Transcription

Similar documents

3D Food printing: Creating shapes and textures