HVAC on Attiko Metro Trains

Transcription

International Conference “GREEN TRANSPORTATION 2016”
GREEN TRANSPORTATION
Saturday June 4, 2016 - Athens, Hellas
Elias Chronopoulos, BEng, MSc, DIC, PhD
Rolling Stock Engineer
Attiko Metro SA
[email protected]
George Leoutsakos, MSc, DIC, PhD
Deputy Engineering Manager
Attiko Metro SA
[email protected]
HVAC on Attiko Metro Trains
Design, Testing, Operation &
Impact on Station/Tunnel Ventilation
KEY QUESTIONS !
Does HVAC make Metro trains GREENER?
How do HVAC affect the Sustainability of
Metro Networks?
Does HVAC make Metro trains GREENER?
HVAC
The mechanical system that provides thermal comfort and air quality
Comfort,
Health &
Safety
Increases:
Popularity and daily ridership
Reduces :
the number of cars on the street
CO2 and NOx emissions in the city centers
travel times
Metro Trains HVAC - Sustainability
SUSTAINABILITY
Economic
Environmental
Social
According to the previous slide
the sectors that are affected by
the Metro Trains HVACs can be
grouped as:
Does HVAC on Metro trains, indirectly but substantially,
contribute to the GREEN TRANSPORTATION character of
Metro trains???
Outline / Agenda

Certain aspects of the Design, Operation and
Testing of the HVAC systems installed on Metro
Trains will be addressed.

A brief investigation of the impact of the operation
of the train HVAC on the tunnel/station ventilation
will be held.

The KEY QUESTIONS that were asked right at the
start of this presentation will be readdressed.
Train Operational Characteristics
Number of passengers
1032
Top Speed
80 km/h
Mean travel time between two stations
100 sec
Duration of doors remaining open
20 sec
Underground or overground operation
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Conditions
Defined in EN 14750-1
Exterior
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Solar Load
Interior
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Minimum Fresh Air
VFR per passenger
 Maximum Air Speed
Exterior Boundary Conditions
EN 14750 - 1
Greece belongs to ZONE I
Winter
Minimum exterior temperature:
-10oC
Summer
Maximum exterior temperature:
Relative humidity:
Equivalent solar load:
+40oC
+40%
800W/m2
Interior Temperature Setting
EN 14750 - 1
Interior temperature setting [oC]
The interior Temperature is set to be a
function of the exterior Temperature
Recommended Curve
Mean exterior temperature [oC]
HVAC Units on the AM Train
Passenger Compartment
HVAC Units (x12)
Driver’s Cab
HVAC Unit (x2)
Passenger Compartment HVAC Unit
General Arrangement
Air Flow through the
Passenger Compartment HVAC Unit
Mode 1:
Fresh Air is fed to the
Mode 2:
Fresh Air is fed to the
Air is also recirculated
Mode 3:
No Fresh Air is fed to the
Air is ONLY recirculating
Technical Specifications
HVAC Unit
Driver’s Cab
HVAC Unit
24 kW
4.6 kW
at outside 35°C/45%
at outside 35°C/45%
Heating capacity
13 kW
3 kW
Supply air volume
2900 m3/h
800 m3/h
Fresh air volume
1100 m3/h
60 m3/ h
Refrigerant
R407c
R407c
Power Consumption /Unit
14.5 kVA
5.9 kVA
Total Power Consumption
12 x 14.5 = 174kVA
2x5.9= 11.8kVA
Cooling capacity
Testing
EN 14750 - 2
TL1
TL2
Type Test of HVAC Unit Performed
in a workshop or at a yard
Performance Test of HVAC system
installed on the train
Performed in a climatic chamber
installed on the train (1/3)
Typical Climatic Chamber
Capacity of the Temperature range: -40oC +60oC
Capacity of Humidity range(Relative humidity): 10% ~ 95%
Main Entrance ofAM
an car
underground
in the climatic
climatic
chamber
chamber in Far East
Interior of the AM car during the
HVAC performance Test in the
climatic chamber
Stand for Thermocouple and Hotwire sensors:
Measure Air Temperature and Velocity
Vapor Generator  Latent Heat
Electrical Mat Heaters  Sensible Heat
Impact on Tunnel/Station Ventilation
A train equipped with HVAC releases to the Metro Network circa 30% more
heat than a train with no HVAC
i.e.
30% more heat must be abducted from the Metro Network, by the
Ventilation System


Ventilation shafts of circa 30% larger areas are required
Stations must be equipped with exhaust fans of substantially higher VFR
capacity
Network
Construction Cost
Network
Operational Cost
NEVERTHELESS, worldwide, the trend is that
 New Metro trains are equipped with HVAC systems!
 Old Metro trains are retrofitted with HVAC systems!
Does it promote sustainability or not?
HVAC on trains
HVAC on trains
Increases Passenger Ridership
Increases the network’s
Operating & Construction costs
because
 It offers Passengers Comfort
and Safety
Hence
 Congestion in cities is reduced
 car-km are saved
 CO2 emissions in city centers
are reduced
because
The heat emitted in the
tunnels/stations is increased
which results to
Adverse effects on tunnel and
Station ventilation requirements
Sustainability
Summary / Conclusions
 Key Questions were asked regarding the effect that the
train HVAC systems have on the sustainability and the
GREEN Transportation character of Metro Networks
 A concise review of the Design, Operation and Testing
of the HVAC systems revealed the complexity of
installing such a system on a Metro Train.
 It was proven to be irresolute whether the
sustainability and the GREEN Transportation
character of the Metro networks are enhanced or
downgraded by the installation of HVAC on the trains.
 The above, highlights the need for the conduction of
studies that explore the effect of the train HVAC
systems on the Sustainability of Metro Networks.
Questions?
Dr Elias Chronopoulos
[email protected]

HVAC on Attiko Metro Trains

Transcription

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