UNICOI COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL UNICOI COUNTY
Transcription
UNICOI COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL UNICOI COUNTY
UNICOI COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL UNICOI COUNTY, TENNESSEE 2013 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT Published June 27, 2013 Page - 1 - Page - 2 - Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. V. Page - 3 - Introduction Executive Summary Community Interview Summary a. Collecting Community Input b. Health Status Rating c. Top Health Priorities d. Identifying Available Resources e. Improving Health Priorities Global Perspective (America’s Health Rankings overview) a. Introduction b. Findings c. State Summary Regional Perspective a. UCMH Snapshot b. Regional Collaboration Introduction U nicoi County Memorial Hospital (UCMH) began operations in 1953, later opening a Long Term Care wing in 1969 and adding a second Long Term Care wing in 1977. Over the next several decades the hospital progressed through multiple building additions, renovation projects, and equipment installations to keep pace with the changing healthcare environment and to provide the community with additional healthcare services at their local hospital. UCMH currently functions as a 48-bed acute care and 46-bed Long Term care facility. The hospital operates a 24/7 Emergency Department and its outpatient services include a full-service laboratory; surgical services offering a wide variety of general and specialized surgeries; full-service diagnostic imaging center; respiratory and physical therapy; and home health in-home services to meet the healthcare needs of the residents of Unicoi County. The hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission. Executive Summary Regional and national rankings for health factors continue to be disappointing as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes rates continue to increase each year. Obesity continues to be a significant problem in the United States, serving as a major contributor to these diseases as well as others. From a global perspective, the United States falls behind other developing nations in health outcomes. Clearly, there are many needs that exist and need attention. Unicoi County Memorial Hospital (UCMH) exists to “meet and exceed community and regional expectations through our quality driven, efficient organization by planning, coordinating, and delivering a broad range of general and specialty healthcare services.” In order for UCMH to serve Unicoi County effectively, it is essential to understand the county’s needs. UCMH has conducted a Community Health Needs Assessment, in collaboration with Mountain States Health Alliance, to profile the health of the residents within the local community. The assessment focuses on UCMH’s core county, Unicoi County, TN. Activities associated with the development of this assessment have taken place during the spring of 2013, including state, regional and county-specific secondary data collection and primary data obtained through 10 surveys with individuals from Unicoi County, TN. Throughout the assessment, high priority was given to determining the health status and available resources within Unicoi County, TN. Community members from key organizations throughout the county met with UCMH and MSHA to discuss current health priorities and identify potential solutions. The information gathered from a local perspective, paired with regional, state and national data, helped to assess the county’s health situation in order to begin formulating solutions for improvement. After compiling the various sources of information, four top health priorities were identified by Unicoi County community members. These priorities include: obesity, cancer , diabetes, and heart disease. In 2011, Tennessee ranked 39th, for overall health outcomes. Tennessee had high rates of adult obesity, cancer deaths, infant mortality, and diabetes. By examining national data, the UCMH / MSHA collaborative is able to identify successful measures that have been used in other states to solve similar issues. For instance Vermont ranked 1st in 2011 after being ranked 17th in 1998. Though obesity and diabetes rates are still increasing in Vermont, the percentage of affected adults is much lower than other states. According to America’s Health Rankings 2011 Edition, Unicoi County ranked 55th in TN for health outcomes and 16th for health factors out of 95 counties. Unicoi County also ranked 28th in clinical care, 10th in health behaviors, and 75th in physical environment. Page - 4 - Community Health Needs Assessment Interview Summary By utilizing effective measures, available resources, and community member involvement, county-specific plans have been developed and implemented which focus on preventing the growth of the four identified health outcomes. However, it is apparent that it takes more than just resources and an implementation plan to challenge these health priorities. UCMH is nevertheless, committed to seeing change take place within the community it serves. The following information has been collected and reviewed by the representatives from the Strategic Planning Department of MSHA in conjunction with leadership from UCMH. Following presentation to the UCMH Board of Directors, future initiatives will be identified, prioritized, implemented, and monitored to ensure health status progress occurs. Community Interview Summary During May 2013, the MSHA Strategic Planning Department with assistance from leadership of UCMH, hosted a luncheon in order to connect with community members of Unicoi County. UCMH’s hospital administration identified individuals in the community who were considered public health officials or community leaders. The 10 interviewees from Unicoi County in attendance were a local physician, representation from Unicoi County schools, non-profit directors, health department officials, minority group leaders, and UCMH leadership. These individuals were invited to discuss and determine the health priorities and resources available in Unicoi County. Collecting Community Input In order to complete the community health needs assessment for Unicoi County Memorial Hospital, UCMH and MSHA met with 10 representatives from Unicoi County, Tennessee. The organizations that were represented are listed in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 – Summary Organizations Participating in UCMH’s CHNA Reported Organizations Providing Input for UCMH Assessment Telamon Migrant Head Start Unicoi County Unicoi County Health Department Unicoi County Schools Unicoi Medical Associates Town of Erwin Unicoi County Chamber of Commerce Unicoi County Memorial Hospital Unicoi County Family YMCA Unicoi Valley Internal Medicine To begin the community health needs assessment, MSHA’s strategic planning staff presented data that had been collected in-house in order to illustrate past and current health trends for Tennessee. The presentation depicted the current national health rankings, in addition to providing a snapshot of Unicoi County. Following the presentation, each participant was given a survey to determine the individual’s personal assessment of the county’s health priorities. Secondly, the individuals were asked to submit ideas and suggestions as to how UCMH and MSHA could use the available resources in order to improve the health priorities determined. After the surveys had been completed, each group discussed the questions and continued brainstorming ways to address obstacles and utilize resources. All of the information collected from the surveys and open discussion were evaluated and prioritized based on health needs. In surveys obtained from 10 community representatives, several community health needs and resources were identified. Table 1.2 lists the survey questions given to each participant in the assessment. Page - 5 - Community Health Needs Assessment Interview Summary Table 1.2 – Community Survey Questions 1 2 3 4 Survey Questions How would you rate the general health status of the patient population in this community on a scale of 1 to 10 (with 1 being the poorest and 10 being the best)? Keeping in mind resources are not unlimited, are there other health priorities you feel should be addressed as well? What existing resources, such as organized groups or public health initiatives have been developed and are in place to address these health priorities? What ideas do you have that may serve to improve these health priorities? Health Status Rating Overall, the general health status Unicoi County, TN was rated as 5.7 on a scale of 1 – 10, with 1 being the poorest and 10 being the best. The responses ranged from 4 to 8. The health ranking for each county, determined by participants, can be found below in Table 1.3. Table 1.3 – Average Health Status Ranking Number of Attendants 10 Unicoi County Memorial Hospital, Unicoi County, TN Average of Health Status Rating 5.7 Top Health Priorities All 10 interviewees agreed that the most prevalent health priorities in the county were obesity, diabetes, cancer and heart disease. All of these could be positively impacted by addressing the obesity issue as it is a health risk factor for each of these diseases. In addition to these four, community members identified several other health priorities that need to be addressed. Tables 1.4 and 1.5 list the top health priorities identified by community participants. Table 1.4 – Top Identified Health Priorities Top Health Priorities Responses % of Total Responses Obesity 10 100% Cancer 10 100% Diabetes 10 100% Heart Disease 10 100% Page - 6 - Community Health Needs Assessment Interview Summary Table 1.5 – Additional Identified Health Priorities Unicoi County Memorial Hospital Unicoi County, TN Responses Percentage Mental Health 6 42.9% Substance Abuse (Drugs, Alcohol, and Prescription Drugs) 5 35.7% COPD / Respiratory Needs 1 7.1% Dental Care 1 7.1% Nutrition 1 7.1% TOTAL Responses 14 100.0% *Individuals contributed multiple responses regarding health priorities. Identifying Available Resources UCMH realizes that there are numerous resources that can provide care for individuals. It’s our goal, in order to reduce costs and provide the best care possible for members of the community, is to identify these resources to prevent duplication of services. The interviewees were asked to list all of the services and resources within Unicoi County. The interviewees acknowledged that many resources currently exist within the community or in neighboring counties. Table 1.6 lists the current organizations within the county that offer health services to the community. Table 1.6 – Identified Available Resources Resources Available Unicoi County, TN Coordinated School Health Unicoi County Health Dept. Unicoi County Family YMCA ETSU Outreach Frontier Health – Erwin Office American Cancer Society Appalachia Trail Conservation Society *UCMH understands that there are other resources available in each county that are not listed in this table. This table represents only the resources listed by participants in community health needs assessment. UCMH and MSHA will continue to identify resources. Improving Health Priorities The community members who were surveyed provided helpful ideas as to how to begin formulating a plan to improve the health priorities within the community. To enhance existing resources, the participants stressed the significance of increasing public awareness of both addressing one’s health needs and the availability of health care options within the county. Additional suggestions as to how UCMH can improve the previously identified health priorities are listed in Table 1.7. Page - 7 - Community Health Needs Assessment Interview Summary Table 1.7 – Ideas to Improve Health Priorities Responses 1 Education classes and events to provide awareness to the community concerning health issues. 2 Provide access to a Nutritionist / Dietician. Educational campaigns to encourage annual check-ups with your local physician. 3 Page - 8 - Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview Global Perspective (Provided by America’s Health Rankings)* The focus on development of a community needs assessment for Unicoi County Memorial Hospital is to determine the needs for the local communities and the service area in which we operate. However, it is also helpful to understand from a more global perspective the health status of the nation as a whole, since many issues UCMH’s service area experiences are not limited to just this region. Compiled on an annual basis, the America’s Health Rankings publication developed by the United Health Foundation, the American Public Health Association and Partnership for Prevention provides one of the most comprehensive assessments regarding the status of the nation’s health. The following information in the national and regional overview is from the 2011 edition. Introduction Health is a result of behavior, individual genetic predisposition to disease, the environment and the community in which we live, the clinical care received and the policies and practices of our health care and prevention systems. Each of us, individually, as a community, and as a society, strives to optimize these health determinants, so that all of us can have a long, disease-free and robust life regardless of race, gender or socio-economic status. This report looks at the four groups of health determinants that can be affected: 1. Behaviors include the everyday activities that affect personal health. It includes habits and practices developed by individuals and families that have an effect on personal health and on utilization of health resources. These behaviors are modifiable with effort by the individual supported by community, policy and clinical interventions. 2. Community and environment reflects the reality that daily conditions have a great effect on achieving optimal individual health. 3. Public and health policies are indicative of the availability of resources to encourage and maintain health and the extent that public and health programs reach into the general population. 4. Clinical care reflects the quality, appropriateness and cost of the care received at doctors' offices, clinics and hospitals. All health determinants are intertwined and must work together to be optimally effective. For example, an initiative that addresses tobacco cessation requires not only efforts on the part of the individual but also support from the community in the form of public and health policies that promote non-smoking and the availability of effective counseling and care at clinics. Similarly, sound prenatal care requires individual effort, access to and availability of prenatal care coupled with high-quality health care services. Addressing obesity, which is a health epidemic now facing this country, requires coordination among almost all sectors of the economy including food producers, distributors, restaurants, grocery and convenience stores, exercise facilities, parks, urban and transportation design, building design, educational institutions, community organizations, social groups, health care delivery and insurance to complement and augment individual actions. *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 9 - It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview America's Health Rankings® combines individual measures of each of these determinants with the resultant health outcomes into one, comprehensive view of the health of a state. Additionally, it discusses health determinants separately from health outcomes and provides related health, economic and social information to present a comprehensive profile of the overall health of each state. America's Health Rankings® employs a unique methodology, developed and periodically reviewed by a panel of leading public health scholars, which balances the contributions of various factors, such as smoking, obesity, binge drinking, high school graduation rates, children in poverty, access to care and incidence of preventable disease, to a state's health. The report is based on data from the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services, Commerce, Education and Labor; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the American Medical Association; the Dartmouth Atlas Project; the Trust for America's Health; the World Health Organization; and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Findings Comparison to Other Nations When health in the United States is compared to health in other countries, the picture is disappointing. The World Health Organization, in its annual World Health Statistics 2011, compares the United States to the nations of the world on a large variety of measures. While the U.S. does exceed many countries, it is far from the best in many of the common measures used to gauge healthiness, and it lags behind its peers in other developed countries. Life expectancy is a measure that indicates the number of years that a newborn can expect to live. Japan is the perennial leader in this measure with a life expectancy of 86 years on average for females and 80 years for males (San Marino men have a longer life expectancy at 82 years). With a life expectancy of 81 years for women, the United States is 32nd among the 193 reporting nations of the World Health Organization and at 76 years for men, the United States is 34th among nations. Table 7 lists a few other countries for comparison purposes. U.S. male life expectancy rates are on par with Chile, Cuba and Slovenia, and U.S. female life expectancy rates are on par with Costa Rica and Denmark. *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 10 - It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview One of the underlying causes for these differences is the gap in infant mortality rates between the United States and many other countries (Table 7). The infant mortality rate for the U.S. in 2009 was seven deaths per 1,000 live births, ranking the United States 43rd among WHO nations. Rates for Sweden, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Slovenia and Iceland are all half of the United States rate. These countries also have considerably lower infant mortality rates than those of non-Hispanic whites in the United States, the ethnic/racial group with the lowest rates in the United States. In the United States, the infant mortality rate is also a health equity issue. Infant mortality among nonHispanic whites is 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births - still higher than 28 other countries. Infant mortality in the United States among non-Hispanic blacks, however, is 11.1 deaths per 1,000 live births; 2.3 times that of non-Hispanic whites and 60th among countries. The life expectancy in the United States of a 65-year-old woman is 19.8 years, lower than 22 other OECD countries including France at 22.3 years, Spain at 22.2 years, Canada at 21.3 years and United Kingdom at 20.2 years. For 65-year-old men, the difference in life expectancy in the United States compared to other nations is less pronounced. Life expectancy for 65-year-old males is 17.1 years in the United States, 18.1 years in Canada, 17.6 in the United Kingdom, 18.0 years in France and 17.8 years in Spain. Differences in life expectancy are also impacted by the effectiveness of treating disease, especially diseases that are amenable to care, including bacterial infections, treatable cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, some ischemic heart disease and complications from common surgical procedures. The age-adjusted amenable mortality rate before age 75 for the United States was 95.5 deaths per 100,000 population in 2006 to 2007. This is a considerable improvement from 120.2 deaths per 100,000 population in 1997 to 1998, but the rate of improvement was much slower than in other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations studied. The rate in the U.S. remains 50 percent higher than the rate in Australia, France, Japan and Italy. This study estimated that if the United States achieved rates on par with comparative countries, between 59,500 and 84,300 deaths before age 75 would have been saved. Additionally, the study indicated that despite spending more than any other country on health care, the United States continues to slip further behind other countries. In 1997, the U.S. ranked 15th in this mortality rate. Since then, Finland, Portugal, the United Kingdom and Ireland have reduced their mortality rate from disease amenable to care more rapidly than the United States. All now have better rates than the U.S. The homicide rate also distinguishes the United States from other OECD countries, as the United States ranks 29th among the 31 countries and its rate is more than double that of most other countries. France, Germany, Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom have homicide rates under 2 deaths per 100,000 population, and the United States has 5.2 deaths per 100,000 population. The homicide rate in the United States disproportionately affects young black adults, where homicide rates are seven times those of young white adults. (The homicide rate for blacks age 15 to 24 is 48.9 deaths per 100,000 population, whereas the homicide rate for whites age 15 to 24 is 6.7 deaths per 100,000 population.) The results of these studies should be a wake-up call to everyone in the United States to strive to improve all aspects of the health system however possible, including education, safety, prevention and clinical care. Other countries have improved their overall health, indicating that the United States too can do the same. *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 11 - It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment National Overview National Changes from 1990 The 22-year perspective provides a view of health over time. During the past 22 years, this report has tracked the nation’s 21.2 percent improvement in overall health (Graph 1). National success stems from improvements in the reduction of infant mortality, infectious disease, prevalence of smoking, cardiovascular deaths and violent crime, among others (Table 3). Graph 1 illustrates that the rate of improvement experienced in the health of the United States’ population occurred in two phases. During the 1990s, improvement in national health averaged 1.6 percent per year. During this decade, the annual improvement in health has averaged 0.5 percent per year. The annual rate of growth this decade is less than one-third of the annual rate of growth during the 1990s. Special concern surrounds the decline in health determinants, as those measures point to the future health of the population. Graph 1: Improvements Since 1990 *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 12 - It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview Table 1 - National Measures of Successes and Challenges: 2011 Edition MEASURE SUCCESSES CHANGES Smoking The prevalence of smoking decreased 41 percent from 29.5 percent in the 1990 Edition to 17.3 percent of the adult population in the current edition. Smoking dropped from 17.9 percent to 17.3 percent in the last year, continuing a gradual decline over the past eight years. The violent crime rate declined 34 percent from 609 offenses in the 1990 Edition to 404 offenses per 100,000 population in the 2011 Edition. Violent crime dropped by 25 offenses per 100,000 population in the last year. Preventable hospitalizations continue a 10-year decline. In the 2001 Edition, there were 82.5 discharges; in this edition, there were 68.2 discharges per 1,000 Medicare enrollees. Occupational fatalities have declined slightly in the last five years from 5.3 deaths in the 2007 Edition to 4.0 deaths per 100,000 workers in the 2011 Edition. Rates are the lowest in 22 years. The average amount of fine particulate in the air continues to decline from 13.2 micrograms in the 2003 Edition to 10.8 micrograms per cubic meter in 2011. Infectious disease has dropped from 19.7 cases in the 1998 Edition to 10.3 cases per 100,000 population in the 2011 Edition. However, the incidence is above the rate of 9.0 cases achieved in 2009 and 2010. The infant mortality rate decreased 33 percent from 10.2 deaths in the 1990 Edition to 6.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011. Improvements have slowed dramatically in the last 10 years as compared to the 1990s. Years of potential life lost before age 75 per 100,000 population declined 16 percent from 8,716 in the 1990 Edition to 7,279 years of potential life lost before age 75 per 100,000 population in 2011. Premature deaths, like several other metrics, have leveled off in the last decade compared to gains in the 1990s. Violent Crime Preventable Hospitalizations Occupational Fatalities Air Pollution Infectious Disease Infant Mortality Premature Death CHALLENGES Obesity Diabetes Children in Poverty Lack of Health Insurance Binge Drinking High School Graduation Rate Page - 13 - The prevalence of obesity increased 137 percent from 11.6 percent in the 1990 Edition to 27.5 percent of the population in the 2011 Edition. Diabetes has almost doubled in prevalence since the 1996 Edition, rising from 4.4 percent to 8.7 percent of the adult population. This continued 0.3 percent annual increase does not show signs of abating in the near term. The percentage of children in poverty has increased for the last four editions and, at 21.5 percent of persons under age 18, is approaching the 22-year historical high of 22.7 percent in the 1994 Edition. This is far above the 22-year low of 15.8 percent in the 2002 Edition. The rate of uninsured population has increased 17 percent from 13.9 percent in the 2001 Edition to 16.2 percent in 2011. The rate of uninsured population has slowly but steadily increased during the last 10 years. The percent of adults who report binge drinking remains above 15 percent of the population. Over the last seven years, the high school graduation rate remains locked in the range of 73 percent to 75 percent of incoming ninth graders who graduate in four years. Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview The United States has the potential to return to the rates of improvement typical in the 1990s. However, to do so, it must address the drivers of health directly by focusing on reducing important risk factors. For example, the prevalence of smoking was stagnant for many years and now is showing improvement, declining from 23.2 percent in the 2003 Edition to 17.3 percent in the 2011 Edition, the lowest level in 22 years (Graph 2). Utah has reduced its smoking rate to less than 10 percent, lower than the 12 percent goal for the nation set forth in Healthy People 2020. Seven other states (California, Connecticut, Arizona, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Hawaii and Minnesota) have driven their smoking rates to less than 15 percent, approaching the Healthy People 2020 goal. Graph 2 - Prevalence of Smoking Since 1990 Unprecedented and still unchecked growth in the prevalence of obesity dramatically affects the overall health of the United States. The prevalence of obesity has increased 137 percent, from 11.6 percent of the population in the 1990 Edition to 27.5 percent of the population in the 2011 Edition. Now, more than one in four people in the U.S. is considered obese — a category that the CDC reserves for those who are significantly over the suggested body weight given their height. This alarming rate of increase shows little evidence of slowing or abating (Graph 3). Because this data relies on self-reported height and weight, actual obesity rates, as measured by health professionals, may be up to 10 percent higher, meaning that more than one-third of the population is likely to be obese. Obesity is known to contribute to a variety of diseases, including heart disease, diabetes and general poor health. Graph 3 - Prevalence of Obesity Since 1990 Page - 14 - Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview The current economic climate also increases the challenge of maintaining a healthy population. Graph 4 shows the recent increase in the percentage of children in poverty in the last few years, increasing from 17.4 percent of children in the 2007 Edition to 20.7 percent of children in the 2010 Edition. In the 2002 Edition, the child poverty rate was at a historic low of 15.8 percent of persons under age 18. Poverty is an indication of the lack of access to health care, including preventive care, by this vulnerable population. Graph 4–Children in Poverty Since 2001 Lack of health insurance coverage increased from 13.9 percent in the 2001 Edition to 16.2 percent of the population in the 2011 Edition (Graph 5). Lack of health insurance not only inhibits people from getting the proper care when needed but also reduces access to necessary preventive care to curtail or minimize future illnesses. Massachusetts, with lack of health insurance at 5.0 percent of the population, is substantially better than all other states and less than one third of the national average. Texas has a rate five times that of Massachusetts. Changes in national health care laws have the potential to dramatically affect this metric over the next few years. Graph 5: Lack of Health Insurance Since 2001 *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 15 - It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment Global Overview Since the 2009 Edition, overall health in the United States has increased slightly from 20.3 percent to 21.3 percent above the 1990 baseline. This increase is primarily due to declines in preventable hospitalizations, infectious disease, prevalence of smoking, and violent crime. 2011 State Results America’s Health Rankings® — 2011 Edition shows Vermont at the top of the list of healthiest states again this year. The state has steadily risen in the rankings for the last 13 years from a ranking of 17th in 1997 and 1998. New Hampshire is ranked second this year, an improvement from ranking third last year. New Hampshire has ranked in the top 10 states every year of the index. Connecticut is number three, followed by Hawaii and Massachusetts. Mississippi is 50th and the least healthy state, while Louisiana is 49th. Oklahoma, Arkansas and Alabama complete the bottom five states. Vermont ascended from 20th in 1990 and 1991 to the top position with sustained improvement in the last decade. Vermont’s strengths include its number one position for all health determinants combined, which includes ranking in the top 10 states for a high rate of high school graduation, a low violent crime rate, a low rate of infectious disease, a high usage of early prenatal care, high per capita public health funding, a low rate of uninsured population and ready availability of primary care physicians. Vermont’s challenges are low immunization coverage with 91.2 percent of children ages 19 to 35 months receiving recommended immunizations, relatively high occupational fatalities at 4.3 deaths per 100,000 workers and a high prevalence of binge drinking at 17.1 percent of the population. Mississippi remains 50th this year, the same as the last 10 years. It has been in the bottom three states since the 1990 Edition. The state ranks well for a low prevalence of binge drinking, a low violent crime rate and a high rate of immunization coverage. Mississippi’s infectious disease rate improved from 11.9 to 10.5 cases per 100,000 population in the last year. It ranks in the bottom five states on 12 of the 23 measures including a high prevalence of obesity, a low high school graduation rate, a high percentage of children in poverty, limited availability of primary care physicians and a high rate of preventable hospitalizations. Mississippi ranks 48th for all health determinants combined, so its overall ranking is unlikely to change significantly in the near future. Scores presented in the table indicate the weighted number of standard deviation units a state is above or below the national norm. For example, Vermont, with a score of 1.197, is slightly more than one standard deviation unit above the national norm and Mississippi, with a score of -0.822, is more than three-quarters of a standard deviation unit below the national average. When comparing states from year to year, differences in score are more important than changes in ranking. Table –Overall Rankings 2011 ALPHABETICAL BY STATE RANK ORDER RANK State Score RANK State Score 46 35 29 47 24 9 3 30 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware -0.607 -0.168 0.050 -0.622 1 2 3 4 Vermont New Hampshire Connecticut Hawaii 1.197 1.027 1.010 0.940 0.265 0.555 1.010 -0.032 5 6 7 8 Massachusetts Minnesota Utah Maine 0.906 0.755 0.723 0.575 Page - 16 - 33 37 4 19 28 38 17 26 43 49 8 22 5 30 6 50 40 25 16 42 2 11 34 18 32 12 36 48 14 26 10 45 23 39 44 7 1 20 15 41 13 21 Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming -0.119 -0.275 0.940 0.344 0.098 -0.290 0.401 0.128 -0.478 -0.817 0.575 0.269 0.906 -0.032 0.755 -0.822 -0.342 0.139 0.414 -0.471 1.027 0.495 -0.141 0.392 -0.068 0.494 -0.233 -0.669 0.475 0.128 0.549 -0.521 0.267 -0.314 -0.508 0.723 1.197 0.343 0.443 -0.413 0.476 0.311 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 28 29 30 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Colorado Rhode Island New Jersey North Dakota Wisconsin Oregon Washington Nebraska Iowa New York Idaho Virginia Wyoming Maryland South Dakota California Montana Kansas Pennsylvania Illinois Arizona Delaware Michigan North Carolina Florida New Mexico Alaska Ohio Georgia Indiana Tennessee Missouri West Virginia Nevada Kentucky Texas South Carolina Alabama Arkansas Oklahoma Louisiana Mississippi *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 17 - 0.555 0.549 0.495 0.494 0.476 0.475 0.443 0.414 0.401 0.392 0.344 0.343 0.311 0.269 0.267 0.265 0.139 0.128 0.128 0.098 0.050 -0.032 -0.032 -0.068 -0.119 -0.141 -0.168 -0.233 -0.275 -0.290 -0.314 -0.342 -0.413 -0.471 -0.478 -0.508 -0.521 -0.607 -0.622 -0.669 -0.817 -0.822 It is a product of United Health Community Health Needs Assessment Regional Overview Tennessee Summary In 2011, Tennessee ranked 39th out of 50 states in overall health outcomes, having improved from 42nd place in 2010. Since 1990, this is the first time Tennessee has ranked below 40th. Despite the improved rating, Tennessee still ranks very high in several measurements. For instance, Tennessee currently ranks 46th for prevalence of diabetes, 46th for cancer-related deaths, 46th for preventable hospitalizations, 42nd for obesity, and 45th for infant mortality. In addition, Tennessee ranked 47th for violent crime. One positive outcome is a decrease from 26.7 percent to 20.1 percent in adult smoking over the past five years. Below is a timeline from 1990 to 2011 illustrating the rankings of each state over the past two decades. Clearly, Tennessee has seen a definite improvement within the past four years, falling from 48th to 39th. Virginia on the other hand has remained somewhat consistent. *America’s Health Rankings 2011 Report can be found online at http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Foundation. Page - 18 - It is a product of United Health Page - 19 - Page - 20 - Community Health Needs Assessment Regional Perspective Regional Overview In this assessment UCMH provides an overview of the current health status for Unicoi County. The following statistics for Unicoi County include: I. II. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics Population Distribution 2010 Total Population % Change 2010 - 2015 2010 Females, Child Bearing Age 15 - 44 % Change 2010 - 2015 % of Population 65+ (2010) % Unemployment (2010) Average Household Income (2010) % Minority (2010)* HS Degree and Above (2010) Unicoi County Tennessee USA 17,894 6,310,532 281,421,906 0.0% 4.4% 4.1% 3,135 1,257,352 62,026,739 -4.2% -0.7% -0.7% 19.6% 13.7% 13.2% 8.8% 7.0% 6.4% $ 44,701 $ 58,839 $ 71,071 4.9% 23.3% 35.3% 75.9% 82.4% 84.7% Population by Age Cohort 8,000 4,000 0 0-17 18-34 35-64 65+ 2010 3,515 3,464 7,399 3,516 2015 3,486 3,275 7,256 3,878 © 2011, Claritas Inc., © 2011 Thomson Reuters. All Rights Reserved Page - 21 - Community Health Needs Assessment Regional Perspective UCMH Snapshot The UCMH snapshot consist of demographics, key indicators of health status, interview highlights, and local resources. The model for the key indicators of health status analysis was based on the 2010 County Health Rankings, a key component of the Mobilizing Action Toward Community Health (MATCH). MATCH is a collaboration between the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Indicators are organized into two broad categories: Health Outcomes and Health Factors. The Health Factors have multiple components, including Clinical Care, Health Behaviors, Social and Economic Factors, and Physical Environment. A number of additional key indicators of health status were included in this analysis from other sources (they are noted in blue font in the snapshot section). For each indicator, the state and county score is provided as well as a ranking comparing the county’s performance to that of the other counties/localities in the state if available (95 counties for Tennessee). The rankings are based on ascending order (with 1 being the desired rank). UNICOI COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Service Area Counties: Primary Service Area Map: Unicoi, TN Facility Profiles: Unicoi County Memorial Hospital, is a 48-bed hospital dedicated to providing quality health care services to Unicoi County. A 5-page profile of each county is provided. The profile includes a demographic highlight, key indicators of health status, utilization projections, and survey results specific to the county. Page - 22 - UNICOI COUNTY, TN Demographic Highlights: Large elderly population compared to TN and US Median age of 43.6 (compared to 37.2 nationally and 38.1 statewide) 2010 COUNTY SNAPSHOT Service Area Map: Virginia Tazew ell, V A Letcher, KY Russell, V A Wy the, VA Harlan, KY Large declining rate of females of child-bearing age compared to minimal loss nationally Washington, VA Lee, V A Gray son, VA Hancock, TN Ashe, NC Tennessee Watauga, NC Hamblen, TN Unemployment rate is higher than national and state experience Low average household income level (18% of households make less than $15,000) Buchanan, V A Kentucky North Carolina Mitchell, NC A v ery , NC Cocke, TN Yancey , NC Madison, NC Age Distribution and Population Projections: Lower level of educational attainment compared to state and country (11% without any high school education compared to 6.4% nationally) Population by Age Cohort 8,000 4,000 Low level of diversity compared to state and national 0 0-17 18-34 35-64 65+ 2010 3,515 3,464 7,399 3,516 2015 3,486 3,275 7,256 3,878 Key Statistics: 2010 Total Population % Change 2010 - 2015 2010 Females, Child Bearing Age 15 - 44 % Change 2010 - 2015 % of Population 65+ (2010) % Unemployment (2010) Average Household Income (2010) % Minority (2010)* HS Degree and Above (2010) Page - 23 - Unicoi County Tennessee USA 17,894 6,310,532 281,421,906 0.0% 4.4% 4.1% 3,135 1,257,352 62,026,739 -4.2% -0.7% -0.7% 19.6% 13.7% 13.2% 8.8% 7.0% 6.4% $ 44,701 $ 58,839 $ 71,071 4.9% 23.3% 35.3% 75.9% 82.4% 84.7% UNICOI COUNTY, TN Local Health Highlights: 2010 COUNTY SNAPSHOT Key Indicators of Health Status: TN Unicoi Rank Desired Health Outcomes STRENGTHS: M o rtality (years o f po tential life lo st/100,000) STD Low Birth Weight Single Parent Lo w B irth Weight (3-yr avg %) Pre-1950 Housing Diabetic Eye Exams Smoking During Pregnancy Deaths due to cardiovascular, cancer, cerebrovascular and suicide Leading Causes of Death: Rate 12.46 12.46 Rank 1 * 7.7% 78 22.0% 74 P o o r P hysical Health Days 4.1 4.6 50 P o o r M ental Health Days 3.4 3.9 60 Very Lo w B irth Weight (%) 1.7% 3.0% n/a Infant M o rtality (3-yr avg rate per 1,000) 8.7 7.0 54 M o rtality Rate (3-yr avg rate per 100,000) 928.2 1,046.8 74 Cardio vascular Deaths (per 100,000) 288.0 410.2 89 Cancer Deaths (3-yr avg rate per 100,000) 211.0 218.9 47 Diabetes M ellitus Deaths (per 100,000) 28.2 28.1 34 Cerebro vascular Deaths (per 100,000) 50.6 118.0 94 15.1 28.1 83 M o rtality rate fo r ages 1- 14 yrs 22.9 24.9 53 M o rtality rate fo r ages 15 - 21yrs 97.0 161.6 84 5,168.6 5,897.4 85 Lung Cancer Deaths (3-yr avg rate per 100,000) 68.8 63.7 23 Female B reast Cancer Deaths (3-yr avg rate per 100,000) 25.5 27.9 68 P revalence o f A sthma (per 1,000) 101.6 90.5 n/a P revalence o f Diabetes (per 1,000) 68.9 57.7 Suicide Deaths (per 100,000) Ages 15 - 21 years Cause of Death Rate Rank Accidents 115.42 1 Intentional SelfHarm (Suicide) 23.08 2 All Other Causes 23.08 * Health Factors Ages 22 - 64 Cause of Death Heart dieases Cancer Accidents Suicide Respiratory Diabetes Viral Hepatitis Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Flu/pneumonia Liver/Cirrhosis All Other Causes Dentists P er Capita (per 100,000) Ages 65+ Cause of Death Heart diseases Cancer Stroke Alzheimer's Disease Flu/peumonia Respiratory Diabetes Septicemia Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Kidney All Other Causes Page - 24 - Rate Rank 112.3 1 105.69 2 69.36 3 46.24 4 26.42 5 19.82 6 6.61 7 6.61 6.61 6.61 122.21 8 9 10 * 286.18 286.18 286.18 183.97 61.32 61.32 61.32 940.31 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * n/a 16 Clinical Care 28 No Health Insurance (%)* 14.7% 14.0% M edicaid/Tenncare Enro llees (%) 19.5% 22.1% 51 183.1 84.7 30 30 M edical Do cto rs P er Capita (per 100,000) 40 67.5 45.1 P ercent witho ut P neumo co ccal Vaccinatio ns (%)* 74.3% 67.7% 2 P ercent witho ut Influenza Vaccinatio ns (%)* 58.5% 55.3% 12 No Diabetic Eye Exams (%) 53.6% 64.0% 92 No Diabetic Lipid P ro file (%) 18.9% 13.6% 6 No Diabetic HbA 1c Testing (%) 12.3% 12.5% 57 No B iennial M ammo graphy (%)* 19.7% 25.1% 81 Inadequate o r No P renatal Care (%) 14.0% 6.1% n/a 3.1 2.9 22 First Trimester P renatal Care (%) 61.8% 72.2% 20 Newbo rns with M edicaid/Tenncare Co verage (%) 52.9% 59.6% n/a M o nth P renatal Care B egan Ho spital Staffed B eds (per 1,000) Rate Rank 2003.3 1 1287.8 2 337.29 3 67 9.3% M o rtality rates fo r ages 65+ Cause of Death Intentional SelfHarm (Suicide) All Other Causes 10,961 19.0% General Health Status (% fair/po o r health)* WEAKNESSES: 55 9,378 2.8 1.5 n/a Licensed Nursing B eds (per 1,000 65+) 48.7 87.5 n/a P reventable Ho spital Stays (A CSC Rate) 90.0 134.0 75 # o f P rimary Care M Ds, P o pulatio n per P ro fessio nal 906 1,476 n/a # o f P sychiatric Specialists, P o pulatio n per P ro fessio nal 9,984 0 n/a Inpatient Discharge Rate (per 1,000) - To tal 126.7 174.5 n/a Inpatient Discharge Rate (per 1,000) - Wo men's 35.3 31.5 n/a Inpatient Discharge Rate (per 1,000) - Cardiac 23.0 37.3 n/a 5.1 5.1 n/a 19.4 24.4 Inpatient Discharge Rate (per 1,000) - Onco lo gy Inpatient Discharge Rate (per 1,000) - Ortho /Neuro Health Behaviors n/a 10 Cigarette Smo king (%)* 24.3% 25.4% 32 Smo king During P regnancy (%) 19.4% 37.3% 87 P hysical Inactivity (%)* 31.5% 31.2% 16 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ UNICOI COUNTY, TN Cancer Incidence: 2010 COUNTY SNAPSHOT Key Indicators of Health Status: TN Age-Adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates (per 100,000) 120 100 Unicoi Rank Desired Overweight/Obesity (% B M I > 30)* 67.4% 63.8% 5 Lo w Fruit and Vegetable Co nsumptio n (% <5 a day)* 34.2% 37.1% 42 B inge Drinking (%)* 9.0% 7.5% 49 Teen B irth Rate (per 1,000) 66 59 43 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (3 yr avg per 10,000) 58 14 18 1,034.0 472.0 17 2 4.8 83 44.0% 31.7% 9 78.4 124.8 86 80 60 40 20 Vio lent Crime (per 10,000) 0 Prostate Lung & Bronchus Breast Colon M o to r Vehicle Crash Deaths (per 10,000) Tennessee Unicoi Unmarried M o ther B irth Rate (%) Age-Adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates (per 100,000 Females) Injury-related M o rtality (3-yr avg rate per 100,000) % o f Children (0-4) Un/Impro perly Restrained in a Crash 60.0 50.0 Yo ung Driver Crash Rate 15 - 24 40.0 Elderly Drive Crash Rate (60+) 30.0 21.1% 32.0% 88 129.55 79.3 39 32.7 14.2 19 7.7 11.3 n/a 50.8 28.1 3 6.42 5.3 20.0 Ho micides (per 100,000) 10.0 0.0 Lung & Bronchus Breast Colon Tennessee A ll accidental deaths per 100,000 po pulatio n A verage Fatality Rate in A lcho ho l-Related Crashes (per 100,000 po pulatio n) Ovary Unicoi Age-Adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates (per 100,000 Males) 120.0 100.0 80.0 Social & Econonic Factors 82 27 High Scho o l Graduatio n Rate (%) 82.5% 77.0% 88 Level o f Educatio n (%) 74.9% 63.3% 92 So me Co llege (%) 54.0% 40.5% 47 Unemplo yment (%) 7.9% 7.9% 25 18.0% 30.3% 78 4.4 4 39 Fo o d Stamp Recipients (% o f individuals) 20.4% 20.8% 28 P o verty Rate (% o f all ages) 15.5% 17.0% 45 2.4% 2.1% 62 Inadequate So cial Suppo rt (%) 19.0% n/a n/a Single P arent Ho useho lds (%) 34.0% 28.0% 33 High Scho o l Dro po ut Rate 10.4% 1.9% 60.0 40.0 20.0 Children (age 0 to 17) in po verty ratio (%) 0.0 Lung & Bronchus Prostate Tennessee Divo rce Rate (per 100,000) Colon Unicoi Birth Rate Trend: Tempo rary A ssistance fo r Needy Families Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 A verage A nnual Wage $ 33,395 $ 28,420 Physical Environment 1990 1995 2000 Tennessee 2005 Unicoi 20.6 21.6 66 A ir Quality Hazard Index (per 1,000,000) 1.6 2.2 72 13.9 14.7 70 0.082 0.082 42 1.3% 1.6% 68 14.3% 9.4% 9 0.3% 0.0% 1 8.4 4.2 27 57% 33% 80 8 0.0 134 0.573001 0.0 n/a Campylo bacter Infectio n (per 100,000) 7.9 0.0 n/a Salmo nella, No n Typho id (per 100,000) 14.8 0.0 n/a Shigello sis (per 100,000) 15.8 0.0 n/a 10 0 n/a 6.7 0.0 n/a 13.9 0.0 n/a 5.2 0.0 n/a Chlamydia (per 100,000) 458.4 0.0 n/a Go no rrhea (per 100,000) 143.5 0.0 n/a Ozo ne Level (ppb)* Nitrate Levels in drinking water (mg/L) 80.0 70.0 P re-1950 Ho using (%) 60.0 75 A ir Quality Cancer Risk (per 1,000,000) A ir Quality - Fine P articulate M atter in A ir (3 yr avg M g/m3)* Teen Birth Rate (per 1,000) 7 31 50.0 Lead P o iso ned Children (%) 40.0 30.0 20.0 Child A buse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 10.0 0.0 1990 1995 2000 Tennessee 2005 Unicoi A ccess to Healthy Fo o ds (%) Recreatio nal Facility Rate Communicable Diseases Hepatitis A (per 100,000) A IDS (per 100,000) P rimary and Seco ndary Syphilis (per 100,000) P enicillin-Sensitive Strepto co ccus pneumo niae (per 100,000) Gro up B Strepto co ccus (per 100,000) Page - 25 - ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ n/a ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ UNICOI COUNTY, TN 2010 COUNTY SNAPSHOT Inpatient Projections SSU Behavioral Health SSU Cardiovascular SSU Oncology SSU Ortho-Neuro SSU Women's SSU All Others GRAND TOTAL All Other Product Lines Endocrinology ENT Surgery Gastroenterology General Medicine General Surgery Neonatology Nephrology Ophthalmic Medicine Ophthalmic Surgery Oral Surgery Otolaryngology Plastic Surgery Pulmonary Rheumatology Thoracic Surgery Trauma Medical Unspecified Urology Medicine Urology Surgery 2010 93 477 106 424 281 1,165 2,545 2010 73 7 229 167 153 69 91 3 1 2 19 8 264 13 18 9 0 10 32 Inpatients 2015 # Growth % Growth 92 -1 -1.3% 505 28 6.0% 110 5 4.6% 444 21 4.8% 263 -17 -6.2% 1,210 2,626 45 80 3.9% 3.2% Inpatients 2015 # Growth % Growth 76 3 3.9% 7 0 1.3% 237 9 3.8% 172 6 3.4% 157 4 2.6% 69 0 0.5% 96 5 5.5% 3 0 2.1% 1 0 2.2% 2 0 0.5% 19 1 3.5% 8 0 2.3% 277 14 5.2% 13 1 4.0% 19 1 5.7% 9 0 3.7% 0 0 -7.0% 10 0 2.0% 34 2 5.7% Outpatient Projections Inpatients Setting 2015 # Growth % Growth 41,250 42,099 849 2.1% Physician Office 145,842 149,925 4,083 2.8% 12,906 13,017 111 0.9% 199,998 205,041 5,043 2.5% Other Sites Total Market Page - 26 - 2010 Hospital-Based Community Health Needs Assessment Regional Perspective Regional Collaboration Unicoi County Memorial Hospital conducted a community health needs assessment in collaboration with Mountain States Health Alliance (MSHA). MSHA is the largest regional healthcare system and provides services through a network of 13 hospitals, outpatient centers, and various other services. MSHA completed their second community health needs assessment in June 2012. By partnering with MSHA, Unicoi County Memorial Hospital is able to leverage larger pool of resources focused on improving the same health priorities as identified for Unicoi County. Page - 27 - Community Health Needs Assessment Appendix 1. Page - 28 - Unicoi, TN Detailed Demographics Appendix 2010 Demographic Snapshot Area: Unicoi County, TN Level of Geography: ZIP Code DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Selected Area USA 17,785 281,421,906 17,894 309,038,974 17,895 321,675,005 0.0% 4.1% $44,701 $71,071 2000 Total Population 2010 Total Population 2015 Total Population % Change 2010 - 2015 Average Household Income Total Male Population Total Female Population Females, Child Bearing Age (15-44) % Unemployment % USA Unemployment POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 2010 2,931 584 1,246 2,218 4,897 2,502 3,516 17,894 % of Total 16.4% 3.3% 7.0% 12.4% 27.4% 14.0% 19.6% 100.0% 2015 2,895 591 1,315 1,960 4,631 2,625 3,878 17,895 Income Distribution % of Total 16.2% 3.3% 7.3% 11.0% 25.9% 14.7% 21.7% 100.0% USA 2010 % of Total 20.1% 4.2% 9.7% 13.3% 28.1% 11.5% 13.2% 100.0% EDUCATION LEVEL 2010 Adult Education Level Less than High School Some High School High School Degree Some College/Assoc. Degree Bachelor's Degree or Greater Total 2015 % Change 8,755 0.0% 9,140 0.0% 3,003 -4.2% HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION Age Distribution Age Group 0-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-54 55-64 65+ Total 2010 8,752 9,142 3,135 8.8% 6.4% 2010 Household Income <$15K $15-25K $25-50K $50-75K $75-100K Over $100K Total USA HH Count % of Total % of Total 1,432 18.2% 12.1% 1,264 16.0% 10.2% 2,567 32.6% 25.5% 1,512 19.2% 19.5% 564 7.2% 12.5% 545 6.9% 20.1% 7,884 100.0% 100.0% RACE/ETHNICITY Education Level Distribution Pop Age USA 25+ % of Total % of Total 1,369 10.4% 6.4% 1,801 13.7% 8.9% 5,149 39.2% 29.0% 3,209 24.4% 28.2% 1,605 12.2% 27.5% 13,133 100.0% 100.0% © 2010, Claritas Inc., © 2010 Thomson Reuters. All Rights Reserved Race/Ethnicity White Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian & Pacific Is. Non-Hispanic All Others Total Race/Ethnicity Distribution USA 2010 Pop % of Total % of Total 17,011 95.1% 64.7% 137 0.8% 12.1% 566 3.2% 15.8% 15 0.1% 4.5% 165 0.9% 2.9% 17,894 100.0% 100.0% Current Households by Income Group Population Distribution by Age Group 0-14 3,516 2,931 545 <$15K 15-17 584 1,432 18-24 1,246 2,502 564 25-34 2,218 $25-50K 1,512 1,264 35-54 55-64 4,897 1,605 Some High School 1,369 1,801 Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity 1375 66 165 15 High School Degree Some College/Assoc. Degree Bachelor's Degree or Greater Over $100K White NonHispanic Black NonHispanic Hispanic 3,209 5,149 $50-75K $75-100K 2,567 65+ Population Age 25+ by Education Less than High Level School $15-25K 17,011 Asian & Pacific Is. Non-Hispanic All Others