BUNKAI - Centre de Recherche Budo

%81.$,$77$48(6'(%2
'$16/(6
.$7$683(5,(8566+272.$1
48(/48(6(/(0(176'(5()/(;,21
&HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR 6+26+,1'2-20DQXHO-REHUW5RODQG%DUUHW
VHSWHPEUH
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
,QWURGXFWLRQ
/
LQWpUrWSRXUFHWUDYDLOWURXYHVRQRULJLQHGDQVO
LQWHUDFWLRQHQWUH .DUDWpGRHW.REXGR/HVWHFKQLTXHVGHODPDLQYLGHHWFHOOHVGHV
DUPHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHVG
2NLQDZDpWDLHQWHWVRQWWRXMRXUVLQWLPHPHQWOLpHV(QSUDWLTXHGHQRPEUHX[H[SHUWVGH .DUDWpGRVRQWDXVVL
SDVVpVPDvWUHVGDQVOHVWHFKQLTXHVG
XQHRXSOXVLHXUVDUPHV&
HVWGRQFO
LQWHUDFWLRQHQWUHFHVGHX[YHUVDQWVG
XQHPrPHYRORQWpGH
GpIHQVHTXLDUHWHQXQRWUHDWWHQWLRQ
/HVNDWDVVRQWQDWXUHOOHPHQWODIRUPHRODUHODWLRQHQWUH NDUDWpGRHWNREXGRHVWODSOXVREMHFWLYH/HVSUHPLqUHVWHFKQLTXHVGX &KDWDQ
<DUDQR6DwPHWWHQWHQMHXGHVWHFKQLTXHVGHSRLQJVDQVDUPH,QYHUVHPHQW0H 0DWD\RVKLGDQVVHVYLGpRVGLGDFWLTXHVVXUOHV .REXGR
YROVRXOLJQHTXHVLOHVWHFKQLTXHVGH NDUDWHVRQWJpQpUDOHPHQWDEVHQWHVGX %RMXWVXULHQQ
HPSrFKHGHOHV\LQWpJUHU'DQV .REXGR
5RODQG+DEHUVHW]HUSUpVHQWHGHVHQFKDvQHPHQWVGH ERLQWpJUDQWGHVFRXSVGHSLHGVSDUH[HPSOH
/DTXHVWLRQHVWGHVDYRLUSRXUTXRLOH ERDSSDUDvWHQQpJDWLIGDQVOHVNDWDVGH.DUDWpHWSDVOHVDEUHRXODODQFHSDUH[HPSOH0H 7DPDQR
SURSRVHXQHUpSRQVHGDQVVRQ &RXUVGH1XQFKDNX/HVWHFKQLTXHVGHERVHUDLHQWXQHUHSUpVHQWDWLRQJpQpULTXHG
XQHDWWDTXHDUPpHHW
UHPSODFHUDLWOHVDEUHRXODODQFHDUPHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHVGHO
RFFXSDQWMDSRQDLV
4X
HQHVWLOGHV.DWDVXSpULHXUVGHO
pFROH 6KRWRNDQ"/
pWDWGHVOLHX[SURSRVpLFLHVWIRQGpVXUOHVWURLVRXYUDJHVOHVSOXVFRPPXQpPHQW
XWLOLVpVHQ)UDQFHSRXUOHVNDWD VKRWRNDQ6RLWSDURUGUHDOSKDEpWLTXH
+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG6KRWRNDQNDWDVWRPH3DULV$PSKRUD
.DQD]DZD+LURND]X6KRWRNDQ.DUDWH,QWHUQDWLRQDO.DWDYRO7RN\R
.D]H7DLMLNDWDVXSpULHXUVVKRWRNDQU\X3DULV6HGLUHS
2QUHPDUTXHTXHOHVDXWHXUVSURSRVHQWXQ EXQNDwFRQWUHERSRXUVL[NDWDVXSpULHXUV
.$1.86+2
%$66$,6+2
(03,
*2-86+,+2'$,
-,77(
0(,.<2
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
/HEXQNDLVXUERKDELWXHOOHPHQWVXJJpUpGDQV (PSLQHSHUPHWSDVGHGpYHORSSHPHQWWHFKQLTXH SDULFXOLHUQRXVQHO
DYRQVGRQFSDV
GpWDLOOp
,OHVWjQRWHUTXHWRXVFHVNDWDVRQWjSDUWpJDOHLVVXVGX 6KXULWH*RMXVKLKR%DVVDw.DQNXHWGX7RPDULWH0HLN\R(PSL-LWWH,OV
Q
RQWGRQFSDVG
pTXLYDOHQWVGDQVOHVVW\OHVLVVXVGX1DKDWH'
DXWUHSDUWOHVNDWDG
RULJLQHGX1DKDWHQHFRPSUHQQHQWSDVGH EXQNDL
H[SOLFLWHVVXUDWWDTXHGHER
/HIDLWTXHGHVEXQNDwVRLHQWSURSRVpVSRXUFHVNDWDQ
LQWHUGLWSDVGHSHQVHUTXHFHUWDLQVSDVVDJHVG
DXWUHVNDWDSHXYHQWHX[DXVVLDYRLU
XQHDSSOLFDWLRQFRQWUHERRXTXHGDQVFHVVL[NDWDVG
DXWUHVSDVVDJHVSXLVVHQWUpSRQGUHjGHVDWWDTXHVGH ER1RWUHpWXGHVHOLPLWHUD
WRXWHIRLVDX[SDVVDJHVUHSpUpVGDQVOHVRXYUDJHVFLWpV
/HVWHFKQLTXHVjPDLQVQXHVUpSRQGHQWjWURLVDWWDTXHVFODVVLTXHVGH %RMXWVXjVDYRLU
7DWHKRQWHXFKLFRXSGHKDXWHQEDV
<RNRKRQWHXFKLFRXSODWpUDO
7VXNLZDVDSLTXH
/DQXPpURWDWLRQGHVSODQFKHVTXLVXLYHQWUHQYRLHDX[RXYUDJHVVXLYDQWV +DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG.DUDWHGR.DWDVGH%DVHHW$YDQFpV
3DULV$PSKRUD(GLWLRQHW+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG6KRWRNDQNDUDWHGRNDWDV6XSpULHXUV3DULV$PSKRUD
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
%DVVDwVKR
/HVEXQNDLGHFHNDWDQHSUpVHQWHQWSDVGHGLIILFXOWpSDUWLFXOLqUH3DUFRQWUHODWHFKQLTXHGHGpIHQVHVXU ERPpULWHXQUHJDUGSDUWLFXOLHU
&HWWHWHFKQLTXHFRUUHVSRQGDXWHPSVHWSDJHGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHD
/HEXQNDLSUpVHQWpSDU0H.D]H D FRUUHVSRQGDXEORFDJHFRQWUHXQHDWWDTXHHQ WDWHKRQWHXFKLVXLYLG
XQHVDLVLHGX ER0H.DQD]DZDD
\DMRXWHXQUHQYHUVHPHQW MRKLQHULTXLVHUDLWRFFXOWpGDQVOHNDWD6LOHEORFDJHTXHO
RQUHWURXYHUDG
DLOOHXUVGDQVG
DXWUHVNDWDHVW
FODLUHPHQWH[SOLFLWpODFRQWUHDWWDTXHQ
HVWSDVWUqVFRQYDLQFDQWH 8NHHVWHQHIIHWGDQVXQHSRVLWLRQSHXSURSLFHDXUHQYHUVHPHQWGH
WRUL,OOXLIDXGUDLWIDLUHUHPRQWHUOH ERSDUGHVVXVODWrWHGHWRULSRXUHQVXLWHUHQYHUVHUFHOXLFL2UVHVPDLQVVRQWHQSURQDWLRQHWLOYLHQW
G
HIIHFWXHUXQPRXYHPHQWGHVFHQGDQWLOEpQpILFLHGRQFG
XQHIRUFHFRQVLGpUDEOH(QUHYDQFKHXQHULSRVWHDYHFXQHSOXVIDLEOH
DPSOLWXGHSHXWV
DYpUHUWUqVHIILFDFH&HOOHFLHVWHQRXWUHSUpVHQWHGDQVOHNDWD
3KRWRV EORFDJHGXER
/HEORFDJHHVWUpDOLVpFRPPHFHOXLSURSRVpSDU0H.D]H D HW0H.DQD]DZDDWHPSVHWGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFH&HWWHWHFKQLTXH
SHXWDXVVLFRUUHVSRQGUHjGHX[DWWDTXHVVXFFHVVLYHVODSUHPLqUHVXLWHjXQHDWWDTXH MRGDQEORTXpHHQVKXWRMRGDQSXLVXQHDWWDTXH
JHGDQUHPRQWDQWHEORTXpHGHODPDLQ JDXFKHHQSRVLWLRQKDLWRRXSRLQJIHUPpSXLVFHOOHFLVHSODFHVRXVOHERSDXPHYHUVOHKDXWDILQ
GHUpDOLVHUODVDLVLH
,OHVWLPSRUWDQWGHQRWHUTXHODPDLQGURLWHDXQLYHDX MRGDQHVWHQSRVLWLRQVKXWRHWWRXUQHDXWRXUGX ERSRXUODVDLVLUSDUO
DYDQWGH
FHOXLFLURWDWLRQGHODPDLQDXWRXUGX ERSRXUSRXYRLUOHUDEDLVVHU/DPDLQGURLWHHVWGRQFDXFRXUVGXPRXYHPHQWVXLYDQWHQ
SURQDWLRQDORUVTXHODJDXFKHHVWHQVXSLQDWLRQ/DJDXFKHSRXVVHYHUVOHKDXWDORUVTXHODGURLWHDEDLVVHOH ERGDQVXQPRXYHPHQWGH
EDVFXOH
/DULSRVWHSHXWDORUVpYROXHUGHWURLVIDoRQVGLIIpUHQWHVVHORQOHQLYHDXFKRLVLPDLVGDQVOHSODQYHUWLFDO
3KRWRSUHPLqUHSRVVLELOLWpULSRVWHJHGDQ
*HGDQXFKLDJHWHPSVHWGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFH
3KRWRGHX[LqPHSRVVLELOLWpULSRVWHFKXGDQ
&KXGDQXFKLDJHVRXVO
DLVVHOOH
3KRWRWURLVLqPHSRVVLELOLWpULSRVWHMRGDQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
-RGDQXFKLDJHPHQWRQ
/DVDLVLHGXERHWO
DWpPLJHGDQFKXGDQRXMRGDQVRQWVLPXOWDQpV/
HIILFDFLWpGHODWHFKQLTXHGpSHQGGHODVpFKHUHVVHGHODURWDWLRQGH
ODPDLQGHODSRVLWLRQGXVKXWRMRGDQjODVDLVLH&HNDNHWHHQURXOHODPDLQDXWRXUGX ERODSDUWLHVKXWRGHODPDLQUHVWDQWHQFRQWDFW
DYHFOHERSHQGDQWWRXWFHWHPSVELHQV€U
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
.DQNXVKR
&HNDWDQHSUpVHQWHSDVGHGLIILFXOWpPDMHXUHTXDQWDX[ EXQNDL(QFRUHXQHIRLVXQHULSRVWHVXUDWWDTXHGH ERHVWSUpVHQWH
3RXUOHVWHPSVHWGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHE .D]HVHQVHLSURSRVHXQHGpIHQVHHQ MRGDQDJHVKXWRVXLYLHGHERRVDHVXUXQH
DWWDTXHHQWDWHKRQWHXFKLE/DFRQWUHDWWDTXHHQ WVXNLZD]DSUpVHQWHGDQVOHNDWDVHPEOHWRXWHIRLVrWUHODSOXVHIILFDFHFDUHOOH
Q
LPSOLTXHSDVXQHRSSRVLWLRQIURQWDOHjODIRUFHGH WRUL
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
3KRWREORFDJH
/HEORFDJHGRXEOHHVWOHPrPHTXHGDQV %DVVDwVKRPDLVOHVPDLQVVRQWHQSRVLWLRQLQYHUVHPDLQJDXFKH MRGDQPDLQGURLWHJHGDQHW
ODSRVLWLRQGHMDPEHHVWNLEDGDFKLDXOLHXGHNRNXWVX/HFRUSVHVWGRQFSOXVHQJDJpHWODSRVLWLRQSOXVIRUWHTXHGDQVOHNDWD
SUpFpGHQW
3KRWRVDLVLHGXER
/DVDLVLHGXERVHUpDOLVHORUVGHODURWDWLRQGHODPDLQGURLWHTXLSDVVHGHODSRVLWLRQGHSURQDWLRQjODVXSLQDWLRQSDXPHYHUVOHKDXW
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
FHTXLDSRXUFRQVpTXHQFHGHSODFHUOH ERGDQVODIRXUFKHGHODPDLQHQWUHOHSRXFHHWO
LQGH[/DPDLQJDXFKHIDLWOHPrPHPRXYHPHQW
DXWRXUGXERTXHFHOXLGpFULWSUpFpGHPHQWSRXU%DVVDLVKRSDUHQURXOHPHQW/HSDVVDJHGHjVHIDLWDORUVSDU EDVFXOHLQYHUVLRQGHV
PDLQVODJDXFKHHQEDVODGURLWHVHSRVLWLRQQDQWHQKDXW&HFKDQJHPHQWGHSRVLWLRQGHVPDLQVQ
HVWSDVUHSUpVHQWpVXUODSODQFKH
/HERHVWDORUVDUUDFKpGHVPDLQVGHO
DGYHUVDLUHTXLVRQWUHWRXUQpHV
3KRWRDWHPL
/
DWHPLILQDOHVWXQWVXNLDWWDTXHHQSRLQWHDXQLYHDX FKXGDQ&HWWHDSSOLFDWLRQFRUUHVSRQGDXWHPSVLQWHUPpGLDLUHTXH0H.DQD]DZD
DMRXWHGDQV0HLN\R
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
0HLN\R
/HVEXQNDLFRXUDPPHQWSURSRVpVUHSUpVHQWHQWXQHGpIHQVHFRQWUH ERHQHWGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHDILQLVVDQWSDU MRGRUL
GpJDJHPHQW/HSUHPLHUEORFDJHHVWLGHQWLTXHjFHOXLGH %DVVDwVKR$SUqVVDLVLHXQHIRUWHURWDWLRQGHVKDQFKHVSHUPHWOH
GpJDJHPHQWVHQVHL.DQD]DZDHW+DEHUVHW]HUDMRXWHXQWVXNLZDVDMXVWHDSUqVODVDLVLHSRXUIDFLOLWHUOHGpJDJHPHQW$FHV
LQWHUSUpWDWLRQVFODVVLTXHVQRXVSURSRVRQVG
HQDMRXWHUG
DXWUHVDVVRFLDQWDWpPLHWUHQYHUVHPHQWV
3KRWR EORFDJHGXER
/HEORFDJHHVWOHPrPHEORFDJHTXHFHOXLGpFULWGDQV %DVVDwVKR
3KRWRUHQYHUVHPHQWGXER
/DURWDWLRQGHVKDQFKHVDFFRPSDJQHLFLXQ \RNRXFKLMRGDQHQNRNXWVXDQFLHQ
&RPPHGDQVNDQNXVKROHERHVWEDVFXOpPDLVLFLOHPRXYHPHQWDPRLQVG
DPSOLWXGH,OHVWDPHQpVXU OpSDXOHJDXFKHGHWRULFHWWH
WHFKQLTXHSHXWDORUVVHFRQFHYRLUVRLWFRPPHXQHSUpSDUDWLRQDXUHQYHUVHPHQWTXLYDVXLYUHVRLWFRPPHXQDWHPLDXFRX
3KRWR 5HQYHUVHPHQWGHWRULVXUO
H[WpULHXU
/HUHQYHUVHPHQWGHWRULHVWSURYRTXpSDUODIRUWHURWDWLRQGHVKDQFKHVHWO
DSSXLVXUOHFRX/H ERHVWFRLQFpHQWUHOHFRXGHHWOHFRXGH
WRUL'DQVFHWWHWHFKQLTXHLOHVW LQWHUHVVDQWGHQRWHUODSRVLWLRQGHVPDLQVGH WRULVXUOHERHVWFRPSOpWHPHQWLQHIILFDFHSRXUOHPDLQWLHQ
GHODVDLVLH
3KRWR 5HQYHUVHPHQWGHWRULVXUO
LQWpULHXU
/HERHVWDPHQpGDQVFHWWHWHFKQLTXHVXUOHF{WpGURLWGXFRXGH WRUL&HWWHWHFKQLTXHHVWDORUVVRLWXQDWHPLTXLpYROXHYHUVODVXLYDQWH
SRXUUHQYHUVHUHWIDLUHOkFKHUOH ERSKRWRVRLWSUpSDUDWRLUHjO
DWHPLGHODSKRWR
3KRWR 5HQYHUVHPHQWGHWRULVXUO
LQWpULHXUDSUqVDWpPL
/HUHQYHUVHPHQWVHSURGXLWSDUO
DSSXLGX ERVXUOHFRWpGURLWGXFRXGH WRUL/jHQFRUHLOIDXWUHPDUTXHUODSRVLWLRQGHVPDLQVGH WRUL
UHQGXHLQHIILFDFHSDUOHSODFHPHQWGX ER
3KRWRDWHPLVXUOHJHQRXGHWRUL
&HWDWHPLVXUOHJHQRXSHXWVHFRQFHYRLUFRPPHXQHpYROXWLRQGHVWHFKQLTXHVSUpFpGHQWHV$SUqVOHWHPSVRX XNHSHXW
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
GLUHFWHPHQWSDVVHUDXWHPSVVDQVSDVVHUSDUOHVUHQYHUVHPHQWVHWPDLVSHXWDXVVLSODFHUFHWDWHPLHQVXFFHVVLRQDSUqVOH
GpJDJHPHQW
/
HIILFDFLWpUpVLGHLFLGDQVODVpFKHUHVVHGHVURWDWLRQVGHPDLQVHWGHKDQFKHV&RPPHGDQV %DVVDwVKRODULSRVWHGpILQLWLYHHVWLQFOXVH
GDQVOHNDWDIRUWHURWDWLRQ6HXOOHUHQYHUVHPHQWHVWDMRXWpPDLVFHOXLFLDSSDUDvWFRPPHXQHVXLWHORJLTXHjO
DWHPL
5HPDUTXH/HEXQNDLSURSRVpGDQVOHVRXYUDJHVGHV VHQVHL+DEHUVHW]HUHW.DQD]DZDHVWLQWHUPpGLDLUHDYHFFHX[TXHQRXVSURSRVRQV
OHGpJDJHPHQWDOLHXSDUXQDEDLVVHPHQWGX ERDXQLYHDXGHODKDQFKHGH WRULSXLVSDUODURWDWLRQGHVKDQFKHVGH XNH,OQ
\DSDVDORUV
GHUHQYHUVHPHQW
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
-LWWH
$O
LQYHUVHGHVNDWDVSUpFpGHQWVOH EXQNDLGHVDWWDTXHVVXUERGDQVMLWWHSDUDvWPRLQVpYLGHQWHWGHVLQWHUSUpWDWLRQVGLYHUVHVRQWpWp
SURSRVpHVPDLVWRXWHVRQWjSHXGHFKRVHVSUqVOHPrPHSULQFLSHVDLVLHGX ERHWDWWDTXHVOLQpDLUHHQHQWUDQWVXU WRUL&HEXQNDL
FRUUHVSRQGDX[WHFKQLTXHVGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHE
3KRWRHW EORFDJHGXER
6XUDWWDTXHWDWHKRQWHXFKLGHWRULXNHEORTXHHQMRGDQVKXWRXNHGURLW7RULDWWDTXHGHQRXYHDXHQDYDQoDQW WDWHKRQWHXFKLGURLWXNH
EORTXHDYHFODPrPHWHFKQLTXHTXHFHOOHGpFULWHGDQV NDQNXVKRVKXWRXNHMRGDQJDXFKHEORFDJHNRNRXNHGRLW,OQRXVVHPEOHTXH
GDQVODUpDOLWpFHEORFDJHJHGDQGHYUDLWVHUpDOLVHUHQVKXWRJHGDQDILQG
pYLWHUODFDVVXUHGXSRXFH
6XUO
DWWDTXHGHWRULVRLWXNHUDFFRXUFLWVDSRVLWLRQVXUO
DYDQFpHGH WRULVRLWWRULDWWDTXHDYHFFKDQJHPHQWGHMDPEHVXUSODFHDXTXHOFDV
XNHQ
DSDVjPRGLILHUVDSRVLWLRQ
3KRWR URWDWLRQGODPDLQGURLWHGH XNH
/DPDLQGURLWHGHXNHVHUHWRXUQHSRXUSUHQGUHHQIRXUFKHOH ERSDUHQGHVVRXV&HPRXYHPHQWHVWREOLJDWRLUHSRXUPDLQWHQLU
IHUPHPHQWOHERGDQVODWHFKQLTXHVXLYDQWHYRLUOHGpWDLOVXUSODQFKH
3KRWR FKDQJHPHQWG
DSSXLHWDUUDFKHPHQWGX ER
8NHDUUDFKHOHERjWRULSDUURWDWLRQGXEXVWH/HPRXYHPHQWGHMDPEHSHXWVHFRQFHYRLUFRPPHXQHSULVHG
pODQPDLVDXVVLOHPR\HQ
G
pYLWHUODMDPEHGURLWHDYDQFpHGH WRULDILQGHODSODFHUjO
H[WpULHXUGHO
DSSXLGHO
DWWDTXDQW SUHVTX
DXFRQWDFWGXJHQRX
3KRWRV DWHPLDXFRXHWUHQYHUVHPHQW
8NHDWWDTXHDORUVSDUWDWHKRQWHXFKLDXFRXF{WpJDXFKHGH WRUL/
DFWLRQVHSRXUVXLWSDUO
DSSXLVXUOHFRXHWOHEDUUDJHGHODMDPEH
GURLWHGHWRULFHTXLVHFRQFOXWSDUVDFKXWH
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
*RMXVKLKRGDL
&HNDWDSUpVHQWHXQHGpIHQVHVXU ERVXUXQHDWWDTXHDUULYDQWGDQVOHGRVWHPSVHWGHO
RXYUDJHGHUpIpUHQFHF
3KRWR SUpSDUDWLRQGHO
DWWDTXHGHWRUL
/
DWWDTXHDUULYDQWSDUO
DUULqUHGHX[VROXWLRQVVRQWSRVVLEOHVSRXU XNHODSUHPLqUHHVWODURWDWLRQSDUVDGURLWHPDLVOH ERDUULYDQWSDU
XQHWHFKQLTXHFLUFXODLUHOHFRQWDFWGXEORFDJHHWGX ERVHUDLWH[WUqPHPHQWYLROHQW/DVHFRQGHVROXWLRQFKRLVLHGDQVOHNDWDHVWGH
UHQWUHUGDQVOHJHVWHG
DWWDTXHSDUXQHURWDWLRQSDUODJDXFKH%LHQTXHFHWWHURWDWLRQVHPEOHSOXVORQJXHHOOHHVWHQIDLWODVHXOHHIILFDFH
LFL
3KRWR EORFDJHGXER
/HEORFDJHHVWUpDOLVpHQKDLWRXNHGHODPDLQJDXFKHWUqVSURFKHGXFRUSVGH WRULHQHQWUDQWGDQVO
DWWDTXH/DVHFRQGHPDLQVXLWOH
PRXYHPHQWHWQHVHSODFHSDVHQ LNLWHDILQGHSHUPHWUHODWHFKQLTXHVXLYDQWH
3KRWR GpJDJHPHQWGXER
8QODUJHPRXYHPHQWGHURWDWLRQGHVGHX[EUDVGHWHOOHVRUWHTXHOHVPDLQVUHVWHQWHQFRQWDFWDYHFOH ERFRQGXLWDXGpJDJHPHQWGH
O
DUPH
3KRWR VDLVLHGXER
/DURWDWLRQpWDQWWHUPLQpHOHVPDLQVVRQWHQSRVLWLRQSRXUODVDLVLHGX ERHQSURQDWLRQ/HVEUDVWLUHQWDORUVOH ERFHTXLGpVpTXLOLEUH
O
DGYHUVDLUHYHUVO
DYDQWHWOXLIDLWOkFKHUVRQDUPH
3KRWR UHQYHUVHPHQW
8NHJOLVVHGHUULqUHWRULSDU\XULDVKLRXWVXJLDVKLODMDPEHJDXFKHIDLVDQW EDUDJHGHUULqUHODGURLWHGHWRULHWOHPRXYHPHQWYHUVO
DUULqUH
GXERUHQYHUVHO
DGYHUVDLUH
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ
%LEOLRJUDSKLH
2XYUDJHVGHUpIpUHQFH
+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG.DUDWHGR.DWDVGH%DVHHW$YDQFpV3DULV$PSKRUD(GLWLRQ
DS
ESHW
+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG6KRWRNDQNDUDWHGRNDWDV6XSpULHXUV3DULV$PSKRUD
DS
ES
FS
$XWUHVGRFXPHQWVFRQVXOWpV .D]H7DLMLNDWDVVXSpULHXUVVKRWRNDQU\X3DULV6HGLUHS
DS
ESHWEXQNDLS
.DQD]DZD+LURND]X6KRWRNDQ.DUDWH,QWHUQDWLRQDO.DWDYRO7RN\R
D9ROSHWEXQNDLS
E9ROSEXQNDLS
'HPXUD)XPLR%R.DUDWH:HDSRQRI6HOI'HIHQVH6DQWD&ODULWD86$&DO2KDUD
+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG.R%XGROHVDUPHVG
2NLQDZDYRO%R3DULV$PSKRUD
+DEHUVHW]HU5RODQG*DEULHOOH/
(QF\FORSpGHGHVDUWVPDUWLDX[3DULV$PSKRUD
0DWD\RVKL6KLQSR.REXGRYRO9+6:HVWODNH9LOODJH86$&DO7VXQDPL3URGXFWLRQV
7DPDQR7RVKLR&RXUVGH1XQFKDNX3DULV'H9HFFKL
” &HQWUHGH5HFKHUFKH%XGR6KRVKLQ'RMR/\RQ