Welcome to HPAIR 2005

Thursday 28th and Friday 29th September 2006
Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ
The Role of Research Universities as an
Engine for Innovation
September 28, 2006
Hiroshi Komiyama
President, University of Tokyo
1
University of Tokyo
Established in 1877
Imperial
University
National
University
Converted to an
autonomous corporation
in 2004
Autonomous
Corporation
2
Mission of the University of Tokyo
The University of Tokyo Charter (2003)
Perform world-class research and
Education
Serve the public good of the world
from Asian perspective
Use knowledge to strengthen ties
with Asia
Become a center linking Europe,
Asia and America
3
University of Tokyo
Peer Review vs. Int’l Scores
Peer Review
UT
UT
Top American
Universities
Top European
Universities
International
Scores
4
Japan at the Frontier of
Emerging Problems
Advanced
civilization
crowds in high
density
z Heat
island,
z Shortage of resources,
z Increasing waste,
z Environmental
contamination,
z Aging society,
z Etc.
5
Energy Consumption for Producing Cement
(MJ/t) 6,000
5,000
US
4,000
Denmark
Belgium
France
Sweden
3,000
Japan
2,000
1,000
0
1960
1970
Source: Japan Cement Association
1980
1990
Year
6
Automobile Fuel Consumption
by Origin
Fuel Consumption [L/km]
0.2
z
Foreign made cars
z
Japan made cars
0.15
0.1
0.05
z
Hybrid cars
0
0
500
1000
Data Source:Yahoo! Japan Autos
1500
2000
2500
Vehicle Weight [kg]
3000
7
Emission of Sulfur Oxides
from Thermal Power Plants
3.7
アメリカ(2002年)
U.S. (1999)
U.K. イギリス(2002年)
(1999)
2.6
Germany
(1999)
ドイツ(2002年)
0.7
France
(1999)
フランス(2002年)
2.0
Italy イタリア(2002年)
(1999)
1.7
Canadaカナダ(2002年)
(1999)
3.9
0.2
日本(2004年度)
Japan (FY2002)
0
1
2
Sox (kg/kwh)
Data Source: Tokyo Electric Power Company, web-site
3
4
5
8
Overcome Environmental Problems
in Kita-Kyusyu City
9
Japan at the Frontier of
Emerging Issues
z
z
z
z
z
Heat island
Scarce resources
Increasing waste
Environmental contamination
Aging society
10
The Explosive Expansion
in the 20th Century
and the Negative Legacy
11
The World’s Population
（ 108 ）
70
3.5X
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
200012
Major Crops
(108t)
7
6
7.5X
Rice
Wheat
Corn
5
4
3
2
1
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
13
Steel Production
Hundred million tons/year
Steel production
8
20X
6
4
2
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
14
Energy Consumption
(billion tonnes, oil equivalent)
10
9
Nuclear
8
Hydro
20X
Natural Gas
7
Coal
6
Oil
5
4
3
2
1
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
Sources: UN Statistical Yearbook, BP Statistical Review of the World Energy
2000
15
CO2 Level
(ppm)
380
1.23X
360
340
320
300
280
1900
1920
1940
1960
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Organization
1980
2000
200
16
Explosive Expansion of
Knowledge in the 20th Century
2000
1900
Sun Light
O2
CO2
Chlorophyll
CO2
H2O
Carbohydrate
H2O
17
Lost in Complexity
Experiment on Re-Submission
12 Articles (Published in well known journals)
Only 3 out of 38 publishers/reviews
recognized these are re-submitted
９ Articles survived
１ Article
(Accepted again)
３ Articles (Recognized as
re-submission)
Peters DP, Ceci SJ. Peer-review
practices of psychological journals:
The fate of published articles,
submitted again. The Behavioral and
18
Brain Science, 1982.
Subdivision and
Compartmentalization
of Science
1900
2000
19
Subdivision of the University
of Tokyo Organization
1900
2000
ア生
情
宇宙
総博
図
環
工
文
理
農
海
工
演習
医
農場
医
遺伝
数理
水実
空間
駒ラ
生セ
経工
高プ
医科
社科
物性
生研
素粒
情セ
先端
大総 国際
文
病院
法
留学
人工
気候 医育
経
社情
創域
地震
産学
養
ＲＩ
東文
薬
分生
理
原総
史料
低温
育
天文
環安
集積
法
20
Structuring of Knowledge
as an Answer
21
The Role of Universities
Specialization
and
Subdivision
Structuring
22
Science Integration Project
Integration
１．Human Simulation
genome → human (→society)
２．Material Simulation
atom → material (→artifacts)
３．The Earth Simulation
material →the earth
４．The Space Simulation
Big bang → Future
Society
Other
Specialty
Human
Genome
Other
Specialty
23
Air Conditioner Cooling Capacity vs.
Energy Consumption
Power Consumption [kW]
4
3.5
3
2.5
Japan
USA
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 0
2
4
6
8
10
Cooling Capacity [kW]
Data Source: Manufacturers’ web-sites
12
24
Structuring of Technologies
for Air Conditioning
Air
Conditioner
Lubrication
Motor
Design
Electrical
Conduction
Structuring of
individual
technologies
25
Monsoon Climate-suited
Komiyama Eco-House
Solar Cell System:
3.6 KW (Achieved 3.7kW）
Hot Water System: Cp=３
Insulation: K=1.6 w/m2K
Heat/Humidity Exchanger
Energy Self-Sufficiency
Rate: 55%
26
Structuring of Equipments and
Devices for Eco House
Eco
House
Insulation
Solar
Cell
A/C
Structuring of
individual
equipments
Structuring of
individual
technologies
27
Tokyo Waterbed Plan -Curing the Heat island
Metropolitan Tokyo
Cool all air
conditioners
by sea water
taken from
Tokyo Bay.
Water Intake
Tokyo Bay
28
Structuring of Infrastructure
for Eco Society
Eco
Society
Eco
House
Structuring of
Infrastructure
Structuring of
individual
equipments
Structuring of
individual
technologies
29
ＩＲ３Ｓ
30
The objective of Sustainability Science
To clarify the mechanisms that are
damaging the global, social and human
systems and the linkages among them,
and develop visions and policies for
repairing and rebuilding these three
systems and their linkages.
31
Global System
Atmosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere
• Climate Changes
• Depletion of Resources and
Energies
• Damage to Eco-System
→Threats to the human kind in
the 21st Century
32
Social System
（Man-made structures: Politics, Economy, Industry）
z
z
z
z
z
Economic Growth
Technological
Innovation
Environmental
Pollutions
Widening Disparities
Aging society with
decreasing birth rate
→ Reconstruct social
infrastructure for
sustainable life
33
Human System
（Health, Safety, Security, life style, values）
•
•
•
•
•
Threats to Safety/Security
Health Problems
Infectious Diseases
Poverty
Famine
⇒Realize safe and secure
human life
34
Interactions among Three Systems
Global System
Mitigation of
Global
Warming
Climate
Resources/Energy
Ecosystem
Complex Problems
Social System
Politics
Economy
Industry
Technology
Global Warming
Infectious Diseases
Poverty
Wastes
Re-Cycling Society
Environmental
Risk
Management
Human System
Safety/Security
Life Style
Health
Values
35
Transdisciplinary Approach
2
tal
n
e
m
n
o
vir Tax
n
E
Global
System
gy,
s,
iolo
litic Soc
.
, Po ics,
Law nom ent…
Econagem
Ma
Social
System
Human
System
Disa
Prev ster
enti
on
C
Infr ultur
ast
a
r uc l
ture
Eth
Me ics, T
Ph dicin heol
o
e
ilo
so , Ps gy,
ph
y… ycho
log
y,
CＯ
Physics, Chemistry,
Biology, Ecology,
Geophysics…
Wastes
Life Style
Sustainability
Science：
z
z
Stems natural and social sciences
Ling disciplines by standards and
36
indexes
Integrated Research System for
Sustainability Science (IR3S)
IR3S members
Kyoto
KyotoUU
IR3S
Management
Division
Osaka
Osaka
Structuring
Structuringofof
problems
problemsand
and
knowledge
knowledge
Hokkaido
Hokkaido
TIGS
TIGS
(U
(Uof
ofTokyo)
Tokyo)
Ibaraki
IbarakiUU
Political
Political
vision
vision
development
development
Affiliated members
Toyo
Toyo
NIES
NIES
New
New
Tohoku
U
Chiba
U
Tohoku U Chiba U member
member
37
Global Collaboration
US & Europe
Asia
IR3S
IR3S
UK
UK
China
China
TIGS
TIGS
France
France
Indonesia
Indonesia
KIS
KIS
USA
USA
Korea
Korea
RISS
RISS
Sweden
Sweden
India
India
SPG
SPG
Italy
Italy
Thai
Thai
ICAS
ICAS
Great
GreatImpact
Impacton
on
Academia
Academia
Society
Society
38