Chapter 7: Mississippi State University

Transcription

CHAPTER 7
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Box 9632
Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9632
Principal Investigators:
Jerome A. Gilbert (602) 325-3282
Jonathan W. Pote (601) 325-3282
52 NSF 1994 Engineering Senior Design Projects to Aid the Disabled
Painter’s Aid
Designer: Greg Dakin
Client coordinators: Debbie Upton, Donnie Priscock, Mike White
Qfjice ofstudent Support Services, MSU
Supervising Pyfessors: Dr. J.A. Gilbert and Dr. J. W. Pote
Department ofAgricultural and Biological Engineering
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, MS 39762-9632
INTRODUCTION
A “Painter’s Aid“ has been designed and constructed
for a disabled painter, Donna Davis. Donna is an
artist living in Pearl, Mississippi, who participates in
the Very Special Arts program. After a paralyzing car
accident, she was left with no movement in her fingers and very limited wrist control. Fortunately for
Donna, she retained gross motor movement in her elbow and shoulder. She paints by attaching a paintbrush to a splint on her forearm. The trouble begins
with the tube of paint. With no finger movement, it is
impossible for her to grasp a paint tube much less
open, squeeze, or close the tube. The “Painter’s Aid”
allows Donna to dispense paint from a tube onto a
palette for her use. Movement of a lever that requires
only gross motion with limited force operates the device. The device seals the tube after dispensing the
paint. The device is shown in Figure 7.1.
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Donna’s overall review of the device was positive.
She liked the size and shape of the design because it
gave her stability when she used it. She did, however,
have some difficulty pushing the lever down once the
roller hit the tube of paint. This problem could be
corrected by one of two ways. The lever could be
lengthened to give her more of a mechanical advantage when she pressed downward. The other solution would be to use a weaker compression spring. A
combination of both solutions may be necessary to
give Donna the ability to press the lever all the way
down.
Figure 7.1. Assembled device with paint tube in place,
I
Chapter 7: Mississippi State University 53
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The main objective for the design was to make the design as simple as possible for Donna to use. The basic
idea for the design was as follows. An ll-mm oil
paint tube would have to be loaded into the device by
an individual with full physical abilities. Once the
tube was in place, Donna could simply push the
lever, which would automatically return to its original positions. The sealing mechanism would close
the tube as well due to forces exerted by a compression spring.
The device was fabricated from aluminum, several
parts of plastic, a small steel cable and a spring. Figure 7.2 shows the “Painter’s Aid” with one of the
aluminum side plates removed. When fully assembled, the cable passes over the roller at the bottom
and is taut. The aluminum lever or bar at the top of
the device is connected to the cable and to an aluminum arm with a roller on its end. The lever has a
pivot point located at approximately one third its
length from the cable attachment (in Figure 7.2, a
spacer is visible at this point). At the base of the device is a plastic palette onto which the paint is dispensed. The cable against the spring shown in Figure
7.2 pulls the palette.
Applying a force of about 7 lbs. at the end of the lever
accomplishes several things. It moves the roller over
the paint tube that is oriented at 60” to the horizontal
on an aluminum plate; this actually squeezes out the
paint. The lever action also pulls the cable to move
the plastic palette along the 30” plane that can be seen
in Figure 7.2 as the direction of the spring. The palette is forced back to its original position by the spring
so that it seals the end of the paint tube.
The device was made for a materials cost of around
$50 with approximately 28 hours of labor. The designer would like to extend his special thanks to Mr.
Jenkins Daniels of Tom’s Food in Columbus, GA for
his help in the fabrication of the device.
Figure 7.2. Device with side plate removed to show cable palette system. No paint tube is included.
Weight Lifting Machine for Paraplegics
Designer: Todd D. Gothard
Qfj’ice #Student Support Services, MSU
Supervising Pr@ssors: DYS. J. A. Gilbert and J. W. Pote
Department qfAgricultura1 and Biological Engineering
INTRODUCTION
A weight lifting machine has been designed for paraplegics. The machine is one piece, with the exception
of the weights and the cables. The frame is rectangular in shape and has two sets of supports: one for the
stability of the wheelchair, the other for the bracing of
the overhead pulley (Figure 7.3). Two cables are used
for the lifting of the weights during exercising. This
unit has been designed for use in the on-campus exer-
cise facility, but could be used in any room.
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Exercise is a problem for many people confined to a
wheelchair. The work done in using a manual wheelchair does not give an adequate workout to all of the
muscles in the upper body. If an electric chair is being used, the exercise is limited to the hand. Thus,
paraplegics are in need of a machine allowing them to
develop the groups of muscles in their torso and
arms. This machine allows the user to build and tone
the muscles in their arms, chest, and back by using a
collection of weights and pulleys. Once the body is in
“shape,” the user not only looks and feels better, but
he/she has also lowered the risk of other medical
problems.
The exercise machine was designed for a particular
student, but it has been placed in an on-campus gym
so that any paraplegic at the university can use it. The
major design requirements were: 1) it had to be
smaller than the machines that were currently on the
market at the time; 2) it had to make efficient use of
the monies allotted for its design; 3) it had to fit the
different types of wheelchairs; 4) it had to be useful
for exercise; 5) it had to be easy to use; 6) it had to be
safe for the user.
Figure 7.3. Weight lifting machine in use.
This machine is made of 2x2” square steel tubing with
a l/4” wall thickness. The frame is 7’ tall, 2’ wide,
and 3’deep. The weights have been positioned 2 l/2’
off the floor at a distance of 2’from the user. This has
been done to help the user in changing weight settings. Two wheelchair supports have been placed
along the sides of the machine. These keep the chair
stationary without having to connect the chair to the
apparatus. There are two braces that provide support
for one of the pulleys. These pulleys have been
placed to allow for the different lifting techniques.
The weights run along two guide rods that have been
attached to the frame. This keeps the weights moving
in a vertical direction. There are five lo-pound
weights and ten 20-pound weights, allowing for a
maximum weight lifted of 250 pounds. The approximate cost of the weight lifting machine is $275.
The entire frame has been welded together for safety.
The first pulley is directly above the weights; the second is 2 l/2’ in front of the first. The third pulley is
14” from the base of the weights. (See Figure 7.3).
Two cables are used in the exercises. One will run
from the weights over the first pulley as shown in
Figure 7.4. A connection will be made there between
the two cables. This will allow the user to run the
second cable over the second or third pulley. If the
cable is passed over the second pulley, the user can
perform an array of exercises to develop the muscles
in his/her back and chest. If the cable is passed over
the first pulley and around the third, then the user is
able to build muscles in his/her arms and chest.
Pulley 1
-------------
\
Weights
One modification that will be necessary in the future
is the process of changing the cable for the different
exercises. Due to the distance of the user from the
connection between the cables, an assistant is required to change cable connections.
\
\
\
\\
I
I
I
i
\
E
Figure 7.4. Schematic showing pulley locations.
Pulley 2
A Grasping Device for a Quadriplegic Student
Designer : Tzer Nan Soh
@ice @Student Support Services, MSU
Supervising Professor : Dr. J. A. Gilbert
INTRODUCTION
A grasping device has been designed for a quadriplegic
student at Mississippi State University. The device is intended for grasping an object such as a pencil. With limited amount of force, the quadriplegic can exert with his/her
arms, the device is designed to be small and requires minimum force to operate. The shape of the device resembles
that of a large clothespin. Basically, it is made up of two
complementary components: upper and lower. These two
handles are attached by a pin next to which a spring is attached. The spring allows the grasping end of the device to
open and snap back easily. This device is portable due to
its small size and can be attached to the underside of the
arms. A slight exertion of the arm is sufficient to open up
the grasping end of the device to pick up an object. The upper piece has a bent curvature at the handle to allow better
grip when attached to arms. The lower piece has a thicker
width than the upper one to render stability when placed on
a horizontal plane. In addition, the mouth end is slanted to
ease the movement of picking up objects such as a pencil.
This is shown in Figure 7.5.
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Many quadriplegics have lost the function of their fingers.
As a result, picking up an object such as a pencil becomes a
difficult task. Then, the next task would be to keep the object in an accessible position when needed. The grasping
device meets these needs of the quadriplegic. First of all,
the device is small enough to be strapped to the underside
of the quadriplegic’s arm. The device is slanted at the
grasping end so that the object can be picked up easily. In
addition, the grasping end of the device is able to grip the
object tight enough so that it will not slip off the device.
This keeps the object firmly gripped within reach of the
quadriplegic. For future consideration, the device can be
improved to perform additional functions like opening a
soda can or turning the pages of a book.
Figure 7.5. Photograph of the Grasping Device.
The grasping device was designed with a particular
student-client in mind. The main design requirements of the device were:
.
it would require minimum force to operate
due to the limited strength of the individual,
.
it has to be small and light so that it is easy to
carry around as needed, i.e., it will not be a
hindrance when strapped to the quadriplegic’s
arm.
The device is shown schematically in Figure 7.6.
The upper component is 7 5/16” long. The grasping
end is 6/10” thick, and the handle end is 3/16” thick.
A l/4” N.F. screw is attached 1” from one end to act
as a stopper that prevents the object from rolling.
The pin has a l/4” diameter and acts as a pivot point.
The base component is 7 l/2” long and has a thickness of l/4”. At the grasping end, it is slanted with an
angle 15” from the horizontal.
The two components complement each other, and are
attached together with a l/4” diameter pm. The upper handle when pressed down by the arm pivots
about the pin and opens up the grasping end. The
total cost of the parts was under $100.
Force
Figure 7.6. A schematic of the device.
A Wheel Chair Lapboard for Quadriplegic Students
Designer: Sarah McKinley
Client Coordinators: Mike White, Donnie Priscock, Debbie Upton
office qfstudent Support Services, MSU
Supervising Pr@essors: Drs. J. A. Gilbert and J. W. Pote
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
INTRODUCTION
A lapboard has been designed for quadriplegic students at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS.
The lapboard consists of a main board and an inclining board (see Figure 7.7). The board is clamped to
existing side panels on the frame of the wheelchair.
The main board has a cutout for existing wheelchair
controls. The inclining board can be used by the student to prop up texts or notes at a comfortable angle
for reading. This member is manipulated by human
force. The device has adjustable clamps so it can be
used on different wheelchairs.
Quadriplegic students encounter difficulties manipulating notes and texts in a classroom environment and therefore have difficulty keeping up with
the pace of the coursework. Many students rely on
special notes acquired from other classmates or from
professors to keep abreast of class activities. A device
to aid in the manipulation of texts and notes helps
students independently follow lectures and keep up
with assignments. The lapboard is easily altered to fit
different needs of individual students.
xae view
Top View
Figure 7.7. Schematic of Wheelchair Lapboard.
The wheelchair lapboard was designed for a particular student and her wheelchair, but could be used by
other students as well. The main design considerations were: 1) the device had to be clear to insure that
the student could see the ground while controlling
the wheelchair; 2) it had to clamp firmly on the chair
to provide enough support for textbooks and a typewriter; 3) it had to integrate into the existing controls
on the wheelchair; 4) it had to be easily removable; 5)
it had to be light weight and durable in order to be
easy to manipulate and withstand bumping or dropping.
The lapboard has two main components: the main
board and the inclining member. The main board is a
rectangular structure 22” square with a semicircular
cutout 7” in diameter consisting of l/4 ” thick Lexan.
This main board is screwed onto two steel clamps that
hold the structure onto the side panels of the wheelchair. These clamps have square cams that are operated with a lever to allow the board to be easily positioned or removed by an assistant. The board has a
rectangular cutout 7 l/2” by 2” to accommodate existing wheelchair controls. The board is shown in use
in Figure 7.8.
The inclining member is a rectangular piece of l/B”
Lexan of dimension 10 3/4” by 20”. It is hinged to the
top of the main board with friction hinges that allow
the member to be raised to angles from 15 to 90 degrees and support texts and notes. The total estimated cost of the tilting lapboard was $80.
Figure 7.8. Tilting lapboard being used to hold a book.
A Stabilization Belt for the Transportation of
Quadriplegics
Designer: Coleman Boyd
Client coordinators: Mike White, Donnie Priscock, Debbie Upton
Ofice #Student Support Services, MSU
Supervising Pr@essor: Dr. J.A. Gilbert
INTRODUCTION
The Quadriplegic Transporter Stabilizer (QTS) was
designed to assist in the positioning and securement
of a quadriplegic student when transported in a conventional automobile. A quadriplegic college student
has experienced problems remaining upright when
riding as a passenger in a car or truck. His buttocks
gradually slide forward under the lap belt so that he
is eventually lower in his seat with his buttocks forward in his seat.
To solve this sliding problem, a winch-type strap and
body belt system was designed to be used in addition
to the automobile lap and shoulder constraints. The
belt attaches around the lower back area of the client,
and the ratchet strap runs through loops of the belt
and wraps around the back of the automobile seat.
The person who loads the quadriplegic into the vehicle manually operates the ratchet strap. The QTS
(Figure.7.9) is portable and can be used in any auto-
mobile that contains bucket seats.
SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Many quadriplegics must be lifted out of their wheel
chair and into an automobile seat by another person.
It is difficult for the “lifter” to place the client into the
seat with the lower back of the client pushed snugly
against the seat and once this is accomplished, the client often slides down in the seat under the seatbelt
during transport. The QTS solves both of these problems. Once the client is placed in the automobile seat,
the QTS is attached, and the lever-type ratchet strap is
used to winch the client’s lower back tightly against
the seat. The sliding down of the client during transport is prevented by keeping the strap tight. The QTS
ensures greater safety for the client and greater ease
for the client’s helper. This device should be of benefit
to all quadriplegics who travel in non-modified vehicles.
Figure 7.9. Photograph of a Stabilization Belt for the Transportation of Quadrioleaics.
The QTS was designed with a particular client in
mind, but could be beneficial to many clients. The
main design objectives of the QTS were: 1) it had to
be portable; 2) it had to be relatively inexpensive; 3) it
had to provide easier positioning of the client; 4) it
had to provide stability and safety for the client; and
5) the QTS had to be adaptable to any bucket seat.
The QTS has two main components (Figure 7.101, the
body belt and ratchet strap. The body belt is a large
sized Ahus U.B. weight lifting belt. The belt has two
nylong mesh loops sewn to the back for attachment of
the ratchet strap.
The ratchet strap is a Keeper brand lever-action
ratchet strap. The strap is wrapped around the seat,
through the belt loops of the modified weight lifting
belt, and back into the ratchet. A l/4” thick neoprene
pad is attached to the strap to protect the seat.
Tests were performed on the QTS in a material testing
machine to ensure that it would be strong enough to
withstand all possible forces placed upon it. It withstood forces that greatly exceeded the maximum possible forces that will actually be placed on it. The final
cost of the Quadriplegic Transporter Stabilizer was
approximately $70.
Altus Belt
Keeper Stra
Neoprene Seat Protector
Rachet
Figure 7.10. Drawing of the Two Components of the QTS. The Keeper Strap
Fits Through Loops in the Altus Belt.

Chapter 7: Mississippi State University

Transcription

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