GUIDELINES

Transcription

GUIDELINES

APPROVED
General director
JSC «AZNT»
«
Tampayev Ya. Т.
»
2012 у.
GUIDELINES
оf the installation of fiberglass pipelines
manufacturing by JSC «AZNT»
DEVELOPED BY:
Engineering director
Uteuov А.B.
Chief technologist
Kanatov B.К.
UFG Head
Мukhanov Е.D.
OTK Head
Тakshimov А.О.
Content
I.
TECHNOLOGY AND ARRANGMENT
OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS �� 3
1.1. General principles of the arrangement of construction �� 3
1.2. Preparatory works �� 4
1.3. Earth works�� 4
1.4. Transportation, handling, stocking of pipes and parts �� 6
1.5. Qualification test of adjusters �� 9
1.6. Preparation of pipes and connecting parts for adjustment �� 10
1.7. Carrying out of assembling works �� 12
1.8. Quality control of assembled connections �� 13
1.9. Laying and securing of pipeline �� 14
1.10. Hollow purification and testing of pipeline�� 15
II.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
ASSEMBLY OF FIBER GLASS PIPES �� 17
Kind of joints of fiber glass pipes used in JSC «AZNT»�� 17
Sleeve coupling joints �� 18
Faucet joint �� 20
Faucet finger joints «K–Lock»�� 23
Lange joints �� 26
Band joint �� 29
Faucet and pin thread connection �� 32
Faucet and pin conic joint (glue adhesive joint) �� 38
III. Fixing blocks in pressure piping �� 42
3.1. Fixing blocks usage�� 42
3.2. he main parameters of fixing blocks�� 44
IV. LIST OF STANDARDS�� 45
V.Annexes �� 47
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2 – 
I. TECHNOLOGY AND ARRANGMENT
OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS
1.1. General principles of the arrangement of construction
Arrangement of construction and assembly works of line pipes
shall stipulate straight-line flow method of engineering operations.
Process of assembly includes: preparative, earth, load handling
works, transportation and stocking of pipes and parts, assembly
of pipe joints and details (including assembly, bonding, including
thermal treatment — consolidation), pipe laying works, fixation of
it in trench or supports, clearing of cavity and testing, subsequent
and accompanying recultivaiton of land and other measures of nature
conservation subject to the observance of labor protection measures
at all stages and operation control of work quality.
In the process of pipe joining under the conditions of lower temperature and precipitation special covers are used providing a possibility to assemble and bond observing predetermined process conditions.
Construction of pipelines on irrigated soil shall be performed in
the most favorable period of year. In such a case their ballasting and
fastening in design reference marks shall be performed by analogy
with watered earth.
The whole staff (Engineers and workers), constructing fiber glass
pipelines shall be familiarized with the specificity of works particularly with technological characteristics of pipes and details of fiberglass composite materials. All workers before work commencement
shall pass induction of labor protection, at the workplace — induction
of labor safety, newly entered workers — technical training.
To construct pipelines of fiber-glass pipes specialized pipe-water-construction flows. Each flow shall include the following crews:
crew of preparatory and earth works, crew of transportation works,
crew of laying works, crew of completing works.
Carrying out construction and assembly works it is required to
take into account thoroughly specific peculiarities of fiber-glass pipes
(comparing with steel ones) and not to admit action of excessive power loads, long-term thermal effect and solar radiation, low temperature (especially during the assembly), chemically active substances as
well as mechanical damages.
All construction machines shall be ready for work installing protective devices on them such as elastic packing, coatings, bandages,
inserts.
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3 – 
Accuracy of measurements and control of parameters of all construction and assembly works as well as measuring facility accuracy
class for control shall be determined by valid normative documents.
1.2. Preparatory works
Construction of temporary roads is performed in accordance with the
requirements of valid normative documents.
The width of construction belt is the same as for steel pipelines.
Pegging-out of channel into horizontal and vertical planes shall
be performed in accordance with the parameters of natural pipeline
deflections in separate areas strictly observing project references axis
of routes.
Simultaneously with preparatory works on route and special
sites the following measures shall be performed:
■■
■■
■■
location of underground utilities crossing the route of constructing pipeline or located in immediate neighborhood of constructing pipeline;
places for stocking of pipes and materials are selected and prepared to locate temporary facilities;
pipes are transported and placed en-route.
1.3. Earth works
Methods of earth works on the construction of pipelines shall
be determined by project and performed in accordance with the
requirements of СНиП III–42–80 (sanitary norms and rules); СН РК
4.01–22–2004.
The width of trench shall be such to guarantee minimal distance
between a pipe and wall of trench 0,2 m, allowing to compact back
filling. To envisage the widening of trench for 2 meters in width in
two-meters length in the zone of internal connections. In these places
the bottom of trench shall be correspondingly lowered.
Bottom profile shall be performed so that the laid pipeline
throughout the length of low generating line being in contact with
the bottom and in the areas of turning of pipeline route located at the
bottom of trench in the line of bending.
To ensure given condition the bottom of trench shall be planned.
Under the conditions of unstable ground the bottom of trench shall be
stabilized. The bottom is stabilized by three methods:
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4 – 
■■
■■
■■
y stable gravel or sand of the height not less than 200 mm;
b
concrete foundation with the width of minimum 150 mm;
concrete supports.
In segments of turning of pipeline route, with grounds up to V
category inclusively, in the areas with strongly intercrossed or marked
rolling country, in frozen grounds as well as in water grounds where it
is impossible to use bucket-wheel excavators, trenching is performed
by bucket excavators.
In trenching of heavily water, dry and unstable soils, it is advisable to use the same bucket excavator but equipped with dragline.
Trenching with more depth and width as well as their development in frozen soils is performed by disjoint sequenced-flow method
using rotor, bucket excavator or other relevant excavator equipment.
In trenching of backwaters with bearing capacity of soil 0,2 kgf/
cm2 and more marsh excavators are used. In marshes with less bearing capacity trenching is performed by bucket excavator installed on
caisson or foam drag harrow.
Trenches in toughen and damp sands shall be made by toughing
method, one or group of bulldozers, or relevant excavation equipment
with earth handling into a disposal area.
Mining method of trenches by two bulldozers twist-steer scheme
of movement is used before the transportation of pipes en route, and
troughing–in case of availability of pipes at the edge of trench.
In trenching at the intersection of irritating ditches there are lintels
that are developed immediately during the construction pipeline with
culverts through the trench to avoid pauses and the watering of fields.
Under the conditions of unstable soils in groundwater zones, the
bottom of the trench shall be stabilized before pipe laying. For this
the level of ground waters is decreased for not less than 20 cm lower
than the pipe with the help of pumps and the bottom is consolidated.
During the performance of these works to minimize dehydration, the
trenches shall be opened for one or two lengths of pipe.
The foundation of the pipeline shall be homogeneous and uninterrupted support across its total length. The surface of the foundation shall be equal and must have cavities for pipe joints. These
cavities will be buried after installation and connection of pipeline.
It is recommended to use pea gravel, broken stones or sand for the
foundation.
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5 – 
Before the testing of the buried pipeline it is filled for 0,3 m, and
at that connections and fittings left opened. The laid pipeline is backfilled after its testing for strength and density.
Blinding should be performed to prevent the pipeline from damages during its back filling with packed soil or soil with stones.
Soil for blinding shall not contain particles with the diameter
more than 18 mm. If the dump soil does not meet this requirement
then it shall be sieved or to use imported soil. Pea gravel, broken
stones or sand may be used for backfilling; the same material as for
the foundation.
Backfilling shall be carried out by layers in two stages: 1 — for
the height 70% of pipe diameter, 2 — for the height 300 mm over the
top of pipe. Each layer is packed separately. The packing may be performed by impulse consolidator of 100 mm diameter or other suitable
tool. the first part of the pipe at the distance of the half diameter is
backfilled manually for good packing and avoid pipe damage.
Puddle just above the pipeline is prohibited.
Following overburden the pipeline is buried finally by soil extracted by bulldozers, bucket excavators or rotary trenchers.
Since trenches are backfilled executive drawings shall be made
up with reference to stationary survey markers and permanent objects to determine exact location of pipeline afield.
In case of multiline laying in the general pipeline trench before
backfilling it is required to ensure project distance between pipelines
by uninterrupted overburden by bucket excavators or installation of
distance bars between pipelines.
When the pipe passes a concrete wall the pipe shall be winded
by rubber tape (100–200 mm width, 10–20 mm thick depending on
pipe diameter) in the entrance zone of a pipe into reinforced concrete
construciton.
1.4. Transportation, handling,
stocking of pipes and parts
Development of transportation schemes, selection of means for the
transportation of pipes and the solution of other issues concerning
the arrangement of works relative to the delivery of pipes and parts to
the construction area are performed at the stage of project planning
of construction arrangement (PPCA) and clarified at the development
of project of works execution (PWE).
 –
6 – 
Pipes are accepted by consignee in accordance with the present
requirements.
Each batch of pipes and couplings shall be provided with document (certificate) of manufacturing plant (or copy certified by the
owner of the certificate), confirming the conformance to the requirements of standards or specifications.
The package of pipes when delivered from manufacturing plant
shall meet the requirements of standards or production specifications.
Pipes manufactured in linear segments of 6, 9 and 12 m nominal
length shall be piled.
Connecting parts are delivered in transport packs. Receiving
parts from manufacturing plant it is required to pack parts into metal, wood, plastic or carton containers ensuring its safety.
Pipes and fittings of the pipelines may be transported by any
transport observing the rules cargo transportation valid for this type
of transport.
Pipes and pipeline parts from the warehouse to the area of laying into trench may be transported by trucks or open platforms. In
this case the body and platform shall have flat level surface and their
length such as the ends of pipes are not overhung.
To prevent pipes from damages as well as the pipes not to move
under the bottom row as well between various rows it is necessary
to install wood cushions. For the first row of pipes lied at the bottom of the body, the distance between the cushions shall be not more
than 2,5 m and these cushions shall be located perpendicularly to the
pipes. The thickness of all cushions shall be identical and sufficient
to faucets or nipples with retaining rings not to touch the bottom of
the body.
Loading of pipes into several rows it is necessary to use vertical
site plates from both the sides of the body to prevent rolling of pipes.
The distance between these plates shall be not less than 2,5 m. The
vehicle should not be loaded in height and weight to the status when
there is a danger that the cargo will not be delivered to the point of
destination without its unloading on way. The number of rows shall
conform to the data of the table №1.
 –
7 – 
Table №1
Diameter of
pipe, mm
1000–630
630–560
500
450
400–355
315
280
250
225
200
180
160
< 160
Number of rows
(not more) in plates
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
Pipe piling height
not more than 2 m
Number of rows (not
more) in containers + 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
Pipe piling height
not more than 2 m
Comment: pipes with diameter over 1000 mm shall be laid in one row.
In order to ensure the security of cargo it is necessary to use
strainers of ropes, canvas beltings, rubber-coated ropes and so on. In
transportation of pipes it is necessary to check regularly and, if required, to tighten these strainers periodically.
Pipes and parts of pipelines may be loaded and unloaded by
packages or one pipe or part. It is prohibited to throw side plates open
sidewalls and drop pipes from the body or trailer. It is prohibited to
carry pipes by the earth to the place of destination or lying.
Pipes can not be lifted by hooks installed into faucet and pin
pipes ends. Lifting the pipes and packages it is necessary to be careful
and prevent them from excessive bending.
It is prohibited to lay pipes directly on earth, rails, metal racks or
concrete floor. Pipes shall be stored on flat level floor.
To prevent pipe bending during the storage they shall be placed
on wood block fillers installed on floor perpendicularly to pipes. The
same fillers shall be placed between the rows of pipes as well.
Outside of stockpile of pipes wood side pillars preventing the
rolling of pipes from stockpile.
To fasten pipes instead of side pillars it is allowed to nail wood
bars on both ends of packing.
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8 – 
The pile shall be laid compactly gapless. The number of pipes
in each row shall be equal, neither a pipe of the upper row shall not
overhang the last pipe of the previous row. Along the length of the
stockpile the pipes may be situated by ledges, approximately for one
length pg faucet. Filling-height shall not exceed two meters. In case
of possible strong winds or other probable damages, the pile with
pipes the pipe pile shall be bonded by straps.
During the installation it is acceptable to keep pipes and parts at
planning area with «bed» of soft soil with shed or cover to protect against
sun rays. Therewith parts shall be obligatory packed into containers.
Stocking the pipes are laid:
■■ in «seating» — if the diameter of pipes is 400 mm or more;
■■ in «seating» or layer-by-layer with cushions between the layers —
in laying of packages of pipes with diameter less than 400 mm.
Pipes and connecting parts shall be stored separately accordingly to batches, assortment, type of materials.
At the warehouse of fiberglass pipes and parts it is prohibited to
carry out gas and electric welding and other hot works.
Pipes and parts of pipelines may be stored in open air. If their
storage period exceeds six months then they shall be placed under a
shed or covered to protect against direct sun rays.
1.5. Qualification test of adjusters
To carry out adjusting works during the construction of fiber-glass
pipelines the persons passing training and having corresponding
certificates and performing the assemblage of accessible connections.
Apart from available certificate to the right to perform operations
an adjuster shall assemble in accordance with the present document
the accessible connections in the following cases: when he starts the
assemblage of fibreglass pipelines for the first time or has an interval
in the installation of fibreglass pipelines more than 3 months.
Accessible connections shall be tested:
а) by visual control and measuring control
of geometric parameters.
б) by mechanical tests.
If as the result of visual and measuring control, the assembling
connections do not meet the established requirements then connection and control of two other admissible connections are repeated.
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9 – 
If during the repeated control unsatisfied results at least by one of
connections are obtained then an adjuster is confessed failed testing
Sampling for mechanical tests is performed since positive results
of control are obtained.
Glued samples are tested not earlier than in 24 hours since the
installation.
1.6. Preparation of pipes and connecting parts for adjustment
Pipes, parts and pipeline assembly are accepted by recipient company
or specialized department of incoming inspection. This acceptance is
performed on the receipt of these products from the manufacturing
plant and other suppliers at delivery point of products from
transportation means or after its transportation from delivery point
at warehouse areas.
Pipes and connecting parts for assemblage shall be assorted by
batch, assortment and types of material, and they shall be visually
and measuring tested.
The surface of pipes shall not have mechanical damages: perforated holes, dents with the depth more than 5% of pipe wall thickness, notch grooves axially with the depth more than 3% and radial
more than 5% of pipe wall thickness (or more than 1,0 mm).
Pipes with inadmissible local defects of mechanical damages
shall be separated from the batch and they are used to manufacture
heel joints of pipelines. Cutting the pipes for nipples unsound spots
are removed. Entirely defective pipes and pipes with cracks blowholes
and shells visible without magnifiers are rejected.
The surface of connecting parts shall not have dints or cuts with
the depth more than 5% of wall width as well as visually detected
cracks and shells.
Defectless pipes and connecting parts with exact geometric sizes
of connecting ends shall be accepted for assembling. At that external
diameters, wall thickness and ovality of connecting ends of pipes and
connecting parts should be controlled, assembling in faucet or couplings — internal diameter and ovality of faucet parts.
For measuring slide gage defined in the standard ГОСТ 166–89
and tapelines defined in the standard ГОСТ 7502–98 are applied.
External diameter is measured at the distance of not less than
100 mm from bearing and 5 — 10 mm from the faces of connecting
parts. Internal diameter of faucet parts is measured from faces.
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For pipes and parts with diameter 63 mm and less at measuring
of external diameter as well as for faucet parts up to 140 mm inclusively, at measuring internal diameter — mean diameter is arithmetic mean from diameter measurements in two orthogonally related
directions. The measurements are made by a slide gauge with an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
For pipes and parts with diameter more than 63 mm the value
of mean outside diameter DH (mm) is calculated by formula (ГОСТ
18599–2001)
П
DH =
–2Т ,
3,142
where:
П — perimeter (mm), measured by a tape
with the accuracy of 0,5 mm;
Т — tape thickness, mm.
Where Wall thickness is measured from faces of pipes and parts
by slide gauge in four equiangularly spaced points with an accuracy not
more than 0,1 mm. The mentioned values shall be within the limits of
accesses, regulated by corresponding standards or specifications.
Ovality of the ends of pipes and connecting parts shall not lead
minimum and maximum diameters out of their nominal diameter inclusive of accesses. If ovality excesses then the calibration shall be
carried out.
Appearance test of external and internal surface of each detail
as well as threads of faucet and nipple are performed visually applying if required local lighting.
At the end of shelf life of fiberglass pipes and connecting parts
their quality shall be verified before assembling.
Marking shall be performed using the following measuring tools:
tape as defined in standard ГОСТ 7502–98; measuring rulers — as defined in standard ГОСТ 427–75; slide gauges — as defined in standard
ГОСТ 166–89; verifying bars — as defined in standard ГОСТ 3749–77;
угломеров — as defined in standard ГОСТ 5378–88; dividers — as
defined in standard ГОСТ 24472–80Е and so on. Line of cut shall be
made by metal marking awl as defined in standard ГОСТ 24473–80Е,
and dimension lines — by chalk or wax pencil.
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11 – 
Pipes shall be cut by stationary devices that have the following
cutting tools:
ԅԅ Steel circular saw blades of А type, profile 1 as defined in
standard ГОСТ 980–80;
ԅԅ Band saws as defined in standard ГОСТ 6854–88;
ԅԅ Abrasive clad circles as defined in standard ТУ 2–036–1016–87;
ԅԅ Cutting metal blades as defined in standard ГОСТ 6645–86.
Rotation speed of rotary saw in cutting shall be 2000–2300
RPM, and abrasive clad circles — 3000–8500 RPM.
In the field pipes shall be cut by hand metal hacksaws, spur
handsaws, grinder with a diamond disk.
For edge cutting at the ends of pipe devices with cutting device
like special millers or cutter heads. In the field it is admissible to cut
edges with the help of a knife or file as defined in standard ГОСТ
1465–80.
Prior to assembling mechanical conversion of butt ends of bushes under a flange for the purpose of aligning and (if required) application of ring packing grooves. Mechanical conversion is performed on
lathe tools, size and number of packing grooves are determined by the
Project.
Prior to assembly of pipes and connecting parts their cavities
should be cleaned from soil, dirt, snow, ice, stones and other foreign
particles.
Pipe ends and connecting parts shall be cleaned from all contaminants.
Pipe ends and parts are cleaned from dust and sand with the
help of dry or moisten ends (rags) and then wiped dry. If pipe ends or
parts are contaminated with lubricants, oil or any fats then they shall
be degreased by white spirit, acetone or extraction gasoline.
1.7. Carrying out of assembling works
Trained personnel with set of required equipment and tool is accessed
to assembling works, since the completion of trenching and delivery enroute prepared pipes (sections) per daily volume of daily construction.
During assembling works (as well as during the performance of
other works) it is prohibited to drop pipes from transportation and
technological means as well as to carry them by earth. The same requirements cover connecting parts as well.
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12 – 
Assembling works on stationery facilities include the following
types:
■■ Incoming inspection, markup, cutting, mechanical conversion of
pipes and connecting parts;
■■ Assembly of pipes in sections;
■■ Assembly to pipes (or nipples) of connecting parts: bends, T-pipes,
junctions, bushes under a flange;
■■ Production of grain nodes.
Produced units are marked with number of line and joint. Marking is made by colored water-proof paint, warmed brand or label.
When assembling pipes in sections in stationery conditions,
the assembling post shall locate level ground with wood deck and
equipped with racks to store and deliver pipes for assemblage, takeoff
and accumulation of pipe spools.
Pipeline is assembled as a rule on the edge of a trench. If required, sections or nodes may be assembled in a trench, pit or well.
At that sized of trench, pit or well shall be sufficient to carry out assembling works.
During the assemblage ends of pipelines with bushes under a
flange should be closed blind joints or boots for protection against
mechanical damages and pipeline chocking.
1.8. Quality control of assembled connections
During the construction of pipelines for quality assembling works the
following is done:
■■ Engineering inspection of the devices to assemble pipeline;
■■ Incoming inspection of the quality of applied materials and
items; operating control of build quality;
■■ Visual control of assembled connections and measuring control
of geometric parameters;
■■ Destructive test of the quality of assembled connections;
■■ Testing of assembled pipelines for durability and leakage test.
Engineering inspection of assembling equipment is performed
in order to ensure the observance of requirements for assembling of
pipes and connecting parts.
Incoming inspection of the quality of applied pipes and connecting parts includes: check of the availability of plant documents as
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13 – 
well as visual control of appearance, measuring control linear dimensions and mechanical test.
Working instruments of measuring and control of on-line modes
are the following:
ԅԅ Stop watches or delay relay — to control the duration of
assembling stages;
ԅԅ Force gages and strain meters (measurement of compressive
force), pressure gauges (measurement of pressure in hydro— and
pneumatic systems of the devices) — to control pressure at melt
back and collapse of joint;
ԅԅ Thermometers (of resistance, thermoelectric, dilatometric and
so on);
ԅԅ Thermometers liquid — to measure ambient temperature.
Visual inspection of assembled connections and measurement of
geometric parameters shall be performed for 100%.
Results of control and testing shall be executed in accordance
with valid norms of executional production documents.
1.9. Laying and securing of pipeline
Pipe shall be laid in trench with the help of auto cranes or pipe layers:
Pipes should be lowered in trench smoothly, shockless. Lowering
a pipe shall not touch the walls of trench. It is prohibited to drop pipes
into a trench.
Before laying a fiber-glass pipeline the bottom of trench shall be
thoroughly leveled up graded in accordance with project references.
During pipe laying in stony soils the bottom of trench is filled with
soft soil or sand in a layer sufficient for full smoothing of abruptness
but not less than 0,3 m over the bottom of trench.
Laying pipeline in short sections instead of pipe-layers it is acceptable to use caterpillar-mounted auto cranes and jib cranes as a
cargo lifting of respective cargo capacity that shall be equipped with
soft towel-type slings.
Depending on traffic intensity, category of roads, diameter of
pipeline, methods of operations, ground conditions, laying of pipelines
may be performed as following:
■■ Open when pipeline is paid in a trench made in a bank overlapping through traffic;
■■ Closed without overlapping road traffic; at that to lay box (bonnet)
through the roads, methods of trenchless penetration are applied.
 –
14 – 
1.10. Hollow purification and testing of pipeline
Hollow purification, durability test and impermeability test are made
after laying and burial of a pipeline. Locations of connections are not
backfilled to control them after the test (600 mm from a joint).
Testing of pipeline on durability and density can be hydraulic and
pneumatic, and the primary method of the test is hydraulic. Pneumatic test is better to be done just when it is difficult to use hydraulic
method on a section of length up to 500m.
Air pressure is being made in the pipeline on the 0,05 MPa level,
during 15 min. (СН РК 4.01.–22–2004, part II, item №32). To determine probable leak, at positive temperature of outer air, connections
of push-gaps should be plastered by soup solute, at minus temperature by water-glycerol soup solute.
Particular instruction should be done to clean the hollow and
test the pipeline.
The organization of construction and installation compiles special instruction which is adjusted with a customer with every single
pipeline by considering local conditions of producing, moreover it is
adjusted with project organization, and approved by the chairman of
commission of hollow purification and pipeline testing.
During production, opened ends of the pipeline should be closed
by temporary inventory plugs to not allow foreign particles i.e. water,
soil, snow and so on to fall into the hollow.
The hollow purification of pipeline should be done by following
methods:
■■ Flushing with the skip elastic piston separators;
■■ Blowdown without the skip of purifiers.
The purification of the hollow by flushing should be done on the
pipelines (sections of pipeline) which are tested by hydraulic method.
During flushing through the pipelines, piston separators, which
are moving in the flow of the water pumped for the hydraulic test. The
water 10–15 % of the volume of the section is filled into the pipeline in
front of the piston separator to clean pollutions in the pipeline.
The pass of purifiers in the flow of water ensures elimination
from a pipeline not only pollutions but also air, as a result air discharge valves are not necessary(Except valves stipulated by the project for operation).
The speed of a movement of purifiers during flushing should
be not less than 1–1.5 km/h, which is determined by the capacity of
 –
15 – 
squeezing aggregate. IF purifier is passed and it is undistorted flushing is finished.
The length of a pipeline which is blown off without passing
cleaning pigs should not be more than 3 km.
The project determines the method of pipeline test, bordering areas, the values of pressure test and the scheme of testing. In the special instruction the length of separate sections of the pipeline which
are necessary to test on durability and impermeability are clarified,
depending on particular conditions of construction.
During mechanical test of glued butt joints it is better to determine breaking strength of connection and the yield limit of the
pipeline’s material at the test of coupling and union joints — shearing
strength.
The test of a pipeline should be done not earlier than in 24 hours
since the completion of installation of the last joint.
During the test a pressure value of strength test should be 1.5
working pressure, and during the verification of impermeability the
pressure should be equal to working pressure.
Soaking time during the strength test is 6 hours, and during the
leakage test it is determined by the time required for scrupulous inspection of the section to find the leak, but not less than 6 hours.
If during 6 hours of strength test the values of pressure gauge
are constant and during the leakage there is no leakage, than the
pipeline passes the hydraulic strength test and leakage test.
After hydraulic test water should be removed from the pipelines.
Water removal is done with the help of elastic piston separators which
are moved through the pipelines under water and gas pressures.
To remove water from gas pipelines, elastic piston separators are
passed under the pressure of compressed air or gas in two stages:
■■ Preliminary — the removal of main volume of water;
■■ Final (control) — the complete removal of water from the gas
pipeline.
If there is no water in front of the controlling piston separator
and it is undefeated , removal of water is finished well. Otherwise the
controlling piston separators should be passed again until the water
is removed entirely from gas pipelines.
 –
16 – 
II. ASSEMBLY OF FIBER GLASS PIPES
2.1. Kind of joints of fiber glass pipes used in JSC «AZNT»
Sleeve coupling joint with REKA rubber
gaskets and centre stopper designed for pipelines DN 300–2600 mm working on pressure
up to 4,0 МPа.
Faucet joint with two ring rubber gaskets for
pipelines DN 80–1000 mm working on pressure up to 3,2 МPa.
Faucet finger joint «К-Lock» with two ring
rubber gaskets and retention for pipelines DN
80–1000 mm working on pressure 3,2 МPa
and more.
Flange joint, for pipelines DN 80–2600 mm,
working on pressure up to 3,2 MPa and more.
Band joint, for pipelines DN80-2600 mm,
working on pressure 3,2 МPа and more.
 –
17 – 
Faucet and pin thread connection with
improved combined thread, for pipelines DN
80–200mm working on pressure 27,2 МPa and
more.
Faucet and pin conic glue adhesive-joint)
connection, for pipelines DN 80–400 mm
working on pressure 6,4 МPa and more.
2.2. Sleeve coupling joints
Sleeves have elastomeric sealing REKA gaskets, which are established
in grooved from each end of the sleeve, circular grooves, thus gaskets
provide precise setting of the sleeve on the end tie-in pipe and its
grummet.
Sleeve joint fitting types are presented in Annex A.
Accomplishment of sleeve joint requires security measures, particular tools and materials.
Crew having a Permit of special commission to accomplish particular joint assemble pipeline.
To accomplish sleeve coupling joint the following materials are
necessary:
ԅԅ tape-measure, marker, circular tape-measure, metrical device.
ԅԅ drill-stem bushing, for bush sleeve protection wooden block is
used.
ԅԅ astrictive device or hand instrument
ԅԅ rag
ԅԅ soup solution for REKA seal rings
ԅԅ dissolvent, gloves, masks, eye shields
ԅԅ tents against rain and dust
■■
■■
■■
■■
Sleeve joint is accomplished by following methods:
to clean spigot pipe and sleeve by clean fabric;
to check bevel and sleeve if they are broken;
to measure the depth of a spigot end in the sleeve (picture 1);
to apply soup preparation on a rubber gasket and entire circle of
the spigot end;
 –
18 – 
■■
■■
■■
■■
to put the spigot end toward sleeve end (180°);
to make an angular diversion according to table №2 after joint
setting;
to accomplish sleeve joint manually or with the help of hand
instruments. Pipe joint with short diameter (dn = 300) can be
accomplished manually or with the help of hand mechanisms;
to connect pipes with long diameters (dn 400–2600), scoop of an
excavator, bulldozer or special connective devices are used. The
end of the pipe should be protected by stopper which is made
from wooden plates which are crossed with each other to protect
the end of the pipe section from the scoop of excavator which
leans on the stopper and can move along the stopper during joint
operation. Excavator moves, thus joint ends. This process allows
to control operation more precisely (picture 2).
Table №2
DN, mm
300–600
700–800
900–1000
1100–1300
1400–1600
1700–2600
α, °
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.25
1.0
Sleeve coupling joint
 –
19 – 
Picture 1
2.3. Faucet joint
Faucet joint provides fast and sustainable pipe and figured elements
assemblies. Two elastic circular gaskets with circular section, which
are established in parallel circular grooves on spigot part, provide
impermeability of junction in pressure and non-pressure pipelines.
Electrical machining station manufactures grooves for sealing on the
bush sleeve, thus this process provides accuracy of mounting surface.
Depending on characteristics of medium, transporting through the
pipeline, circular seals from the different types of rubber mixes is
used. Rubber circular sealing is delivered with pipeline elements.
Before assembling faucet joints with two rubber gaskets, security measure and necessary instruments and materials should be
checked out.
To assemble faucet joints following materials and instruments
are necessary:
Sleeve coupling joint assembly with
the help of excavator bucket
 –
20 – 
Picture 2
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
lubricant material for seal cycle;
two drill-stem bushings;
chain block with tension 750 kg — for pipes with diameter up
to 500mm and tension 1500 kg — for pipes with diameter over
500mm;
rag;
Faucet joints are accomplished by following method:
■■ to clean the spigot and faucet ends before connecting with the
help of rag (the rag shouldn’t leave tissue particles, sewings and
fibers);
■■ to check both ends if they are broken
■■ to measure the depth of spigot end in the bell and spigot (picture №3);
■■ to put gaskets in the spigot end’s groove
■■ to apply lubricant on rubber gaskets and on the entire inner surface of the faucet end;
■■ to establish drill and stem bushing with rubber cover on the both
sides of the joint;
■■ to put the spigot end toward the faucet end (180°)
■■ to make angular diversion after joint setting according to table №3.
■■ to connect chain block from the both sides of joining pipes, to
press slowly and gradually in the faucet t until mark coincides
with the end of the faucet (picture №4).
 –
21 – 
Permissible angular deflection
ID, mm
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
750
800
900
1000
1200
Gap,
C, mm
2.5
3.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
13.0
14.0
16.0
19.0
16.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
27.0
Table №3
Angular deflection of joints
Faucet finger
Faucet
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
3°
1°30΄
2°
1°
2°
1°
2°
1°
2°
1°
2°
1°
2°
1°
1°
Faucet joint with two gaskets
 –
22 – 
Picture 3
Assembly of faucet joint with two gaskets
Picture 4
2.4. Faucet finger joints «K–Lock»
To compensate axial forces on pipeline (for example, in over ground
pipelines) in faucet finger joint fixing element which is established
through the hole in the bell and spigot, circular grooves on sleeve and
part of bell and spigot, and impedes movement of pipeline elements
relatively to each. Depending on the level of axial forces, fixing element
can be circular or rectangular section and can be accomplished with the
help of different materials (nylon, metallic cable, PVC). Fixing elements,
like rubber circular gaskets, are supplied with pipeline elements.
Types of fittings with faucet joint «K-Lock» are presented on B
supplement.
Before assembling faucet finger joint setting with fitting security
measure and necessary instruments and materials should be checked
out.
Faucet finger joint is accomplished by following method:
■■ to clean the spigot and faucet ends before connecting with the
help of rag (the rag shouldn’t leave tissue particles, sewings and
fibres);
■■ to check both ends if they are broken;
■■ to measure the depth of spigot end in the bell and spigot (picture 5);
■■ to put gaskets in the spigot end’s groove;
■■ to apply lubricant on rubber gaskets and on the entire inner surface of the faucet end;
■■ to establish drill and stem bushing with rubber cover on the both
sides of the joint;
 –
23 – 
■■
■■
■■
■■
■■
■■
to put the spigot end toward the faucet end (180°);
to make angular diversion after joint setting according to the
table №2;
to connect chain block from the both sides of joining pipes, to
press slowly and gradually in the faucet until mark coincides
with the end of the bell and spigot (picture 6);
to apply lubricant material on the gasket;
to press the gasket in special hole, and with the help of plastic
hammer or bar to achieve the gasket to be laid around the joint
(picture 7);
to leave the 50 mm end of the spigot outside.
Faucet finger joint with a retention
Assembly of faucet finger joint K-Lock
 –
24 – 
Picture 5
Picture 6
Picture 7
Position of holder
by full circle
of connection
Estimated assembling time for faucet and faucet finger joints is
presented on table №4.
Three adjusters (two of them in the trench, one of them outside)
approve estimated time for joint procedure in following conditions:
■■ constant work;
■■ enough space;
■■ time for pipe work is not included.
Assembly time
DN,
mm
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Fixing and
assembly time,
minutes
5
5
5
10
15
15
15
15
20
DN,
mm
500
600
700
750
800
900
1000
1200
 –
25 – 
Table №4
Fixing and
assembly time,
minutes
20
20
20
25
25
25
30
30
2.5. Lange joints
Flange joints are used to connect elements of fiberglass pipelines with
metallic pipelines and armature. Attachment size of fiberglass flanges
is accomplished according to ГОСТ 12815–80 or ANSI standards.
Flange joints are used for fiberglass pipes and details with different sizes. Before assembling flange joints, security measure and necessary instruments and materials should be checked out.(particular
wrench with particular size, and wrench with rotation torque )
Hermetization is accomplished by rubber gasket (picture 8a
and 8b).
Picture 8
Types of flange joints
а)
б)
Tightening bolts should be accomplished diagonally according
to sequence presented on picture №9. Bolts on the flange should be
placed on each side of the central line.
During assembling flange joints, rotation torque of the bolt is
better to be taken from table №5.
Recommended rotation torque
of the bolt at flange joint
Sizes of a bolt, mm
14–16
18–20
22–25
27
30
33
Dry, kgm
7
12
12,7
12,7
16
23
Annotation: error limit plus 20% minus 30%
 –
26 – 
Table №5
Greased, kgm
5.2
9
9.6
9.6
12.4
13
Flange should be connected athwart to the axis of the pipe.
Practically, slight displacement may happen. In that case, gasket and
section-shaped gasket with vulcanized steely hoop. Flange should be
established without distension.
During flange assembly, bolts should be tightened manually until 30% of rotation torque’s maximal value. If leak occurs, rotation
torque value should be increased until 60% of maximum value.
Bolt tightening sequence of flange
joint depending on its quantity
Picture 9
n — number of bolts
n=4n=8
n=12n=16
Depending on properties of transported substances, diameter of
fiberglass pipes, pressure or special project requirements, different
types of gaskets can be used according to normative documents approved by determined sequence.
Recommended rotation torques of bolts during assembly o flange
joints with different types of gaskets are presented on table №6.
 –
27 – 
Recommended rotation torques
of bolts during assembly of flange joints
with different types of gaskets
Flanges
ID, mm
Table №6
Mounting flange
Nominal
pressure,
Па × 10 –5, max
16
32
from 25
to 300
50
50
from 350
to 600
100
200
from 700
to 800
300
from 900
to 1200
400
ID, mm
Nominal
pressure,
Па × 10 –5, max
16
32
from 25
to 150
50
50
from 200
to 300
50
100
from 350
to 400
100
200
Fiberglass flanges docks with fiberglass and other steel flanges.
Joints can be accomplished by using bolt and screw, and also locking
pin and two screws (picture 12). The length (L) of the bolt and locking pin is determined by following formulas:
for bolt
for locking pin
L = T + t + p + r + m + 5 (mm)
L = T + t + p + 2r + 2m + 5 (mm),
where:
& t
Т
p
r
m
5
— thickness of joinable flanges (mm);
— thickness of a gasket (mm);
— thickness of a disk (mm);
— height of a screw (mm);
— coefficient access to thickness of a flange.
 –
28 – 
Рисунок 10
View of bolted joint
|
Sealing gasket
2.6. Band joint
Band joint consists of pipes and fittings which are smooth, prepared,
aligned in relation to each other, and also fittings have inflicted
reinforcing fibers in a combination of resin/hardener.
Joint procedure of junctions by band method includes cutting,
polishing, glue preparation (mixing components ), application of butting layer, lamination and solidification. To accomplish butting joint by
ban method following instruments are used:
ԅԅ tape-measure and marker;
ԅԅ rag
ԅԅ grinding machine for angles with carborundum or diagrit disk
(size 24), hand saw 24 tooth/inch, knife saw 24 tooth/inch
ԅԅ grinding machine, grinding disk, flexible disk;
ԅԅ resin, hardener, fiberglass and scissors ;
ԅԅ gloves, brooms, moulds, masks, eye-shields;
ԅԅ housing (depending on weather conditions;
 –
29 – 
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
ԅԅ
isolating cover;
gun to blow hot air, digital thermometer, blowpipe; field drying
cabinet, heating canvas, rheostat;
drill-stem bushing, laboratory table — rubber strips (under chain
clamp);
generator.
To accomplish joint by lamination, section of pipes butting ends
should be perpendicular to axis of pipes. Otherwise, the pipes ends
should be cut by carborundum or diamond disk. To improve adhesive
properties of butting surfaces, its better to grind outer layer of pipes
by grinding machine and then to clean laminated surface of pipes by
clean rag and broom.
Necessarily, attaching surfaces should be de-oiled before adhesion in following cases
a) if surfaces are prepared before gluing pipes and details;
b) if assemble is accomplished in bell and spigot
The ends of pipes which are deformed or have deep nicks (more
than 4–5 mm) should be cut perpendicularly to their axis, and then
they should be machined (stippling, chamfering) or with the help of
processing devices.
Adhesive pipes and details assembly including installation, centering and fastening of adhesive ends is accomplished by device with
outer and inner centralizers.
Laminate solidifies in natural conditions at a surrounding temperature. Hardening can be accelerated by heat treatment, for example by blowing hot air or by instrument which radiates ultra beams.
If laminate is dried up and not sticky, hardening can be continued
with the help of heating canvas, hot air pistols or drying cabinets. Heating until hardening temperature should be accomplished gradually.
Dimensions of laminated joint are determined by following formulas 1–3.
The ends of pipes and details are centered on outer surface or
on axis in the way that not allows maximum value of outer edge
displacement to increase higher than 10% of adhesive pipe’s nominal
thickness.
During centering, pipe matching is accomplished by turning one
or both pipes around axis, and pipe saddles fixing is accomplished by
using gaskets.
 –
30 – 
If the difference in thickness of adhesive pipe walls or details is
higher than 15% of nominal thickness of wall or more than 5 mm,
slope of 15±3° should be made on the axis of pipe until the wall thickness of thin pipe (detail ) and gluing such ends of pipes and details
should be accomplished by lamination method .
During pipe assembly by gluing, attached and centered pipe ends
and details are machined by stippling to smooth weldable surfaces
and to remove layer which is radiated by sun and air oxygen.
After machine work, bearing face shouldn’t be touched. To remove cuttings inside pipe and details, broom should be used. Use
knife to remove nails from sharp edges of bearing face.
After working, centering and interface gaps should be checked/ Interface gaps shouldn’t be between contacted bearing faces more than:
0.3 mm for diameters up to 63 mm;
0.5mm — more from 63 up to 200mm;
0.7mm — from 200 up to 400mm;
1.0mm— more than 400mm
Interface gape is measured by petal probe (ТУ2–034–225–87)
with inaccuracy 0.05mm.
To prepare glue, hardener and resin should be mixed by scrupulous interfusion. Standard glue set consists of optimal ration of
hardener and resin. Other types of glue can also be used, if they are
appropriate to requirements of factory.
Before lamination, apply glue, which has low viscosity and interprets glue trickling, for lamination in a cavern of pipe through seam
(picture 11).
Picture 11
General view of Band joint
 –
31 – 
Lamination is accomplished by layer saturated with glue of
woven roving. Lamination should be made according to instruction,
which is enclosed in a glue outfit.
Laminated material is hardened in the natural conditions at
ambient temperature. Solidification may be accelerated by thermal
processing, for example, by charging of hot air or by a tool emitting
ultra-red rays.
Since the laminated material is dried up and will not be adhered
then the solidification may be continued with the help of heating
blade of the hot air pistols or drying chambers. Heating till solidification temperature shall be performed gradually.
The oversize of the laminated connection are determined by the
formula 1–3:
t=
p × ID
36 – p
+
p 2 × ID
(36 – p) × 45
(1)
w = π (ID + 2 × tp ) × t × L × 1,6 × 106
L=
(2)
p × ID
1,6
(3)
where:
t — thickness of the lines, mm;
p — nominal pressure, MPa;
ID — inner diameter, mm;
L — length of the line, mm;
w — weight of the line, kg;
tp — the thickness of the pipe wall, mm
Band joint can be tested after hardening and cooling.
2.7. Faucet and pin thread connection
For pipe systems from GRP of high and average pressures, three types
of threaded couplings are applied:
■■
spigot/spigot joints by using connective sleeve with standard
thread in appliance with API standards(for example EUE10rd,
EUE 8RD, so called round section thread) (picture 12);
 –
32 – 
■■
■■
faucet/spigot continuous joint with standard thread in appliance
with API standards and gasket in the thread with the help of PTFE
or special mixes recommended by manufacturer (picture 13);
faucet/spigot continuous joint with big thread, and also with
steam ring for pressurization (picture 14);
Types of fittings with thread joint are presented in Annex B.
Picture 12
1 — standard thread in appliance with API,
2 — connective sleeve, 3 — axis of the pipe, 4 — pipe
Picture 13
1 — big thread, 2 — pipe-the gasket end, 3 — pipe-faucet end,
4 — steam rings, 5 — the axis of the pipe
Picture 14
1 — big thread, 2 — pipe-the gasket end, 3 — pipe-faucet end,
4 — sealing rings, 5 — the axis of the pipe
 –
33 – 
To reduce friction and to improve the quality of pressurization,
different types of thread fillings can be used, for example, fillings with
ceramic or graphite particles. Fluoroplastic grease substances can
also be used to reduce friction and to provide quick-release tight pull.
Thread ends of the tight pull, projected by manufacturer, should
comply with technical requirements of manufacturer, for example,
the quality of manufacture and roughness of the surface and so on.
Before assembly of thread joint, security measure and necessary
instruments and materials should be checked out.
Thread joint is accomplished by following method:
■■ to clean the outer end of the thread ends by rag before
connecting(the rag shouldn’t leave tissue particles, sewings and
fibres);
■■ to check both ends of the pipe if they are broken
■■ to measure the depth of pipe from entrance end with outer
thread to the end with inner thread (picture 15);
■■ to put rigged up ends of the pipe endwise 180°;
■■ to apply lubricant on butting ends of the thread and details, thus
lubricant provides pressurization of joints and prevention of
thread from seizing
■■ screw free end of the pipe in the established one.
Sizes of thread joints should be in appliance with table №7 and
pictures 15, 17, 18.
Picture 15
1 — the main plane, 2 — rise of the thread,
3 — the end of the rise on the thread,
4 — the line of the average diameter of the thread.
 –
34 – 
Forms and sizes of the thread’s profile and node joint of details
should be in appliance with forms and sizes presented on picture 16
and table №8.
Table №7
Thread connections of pipes
Nominal
size, inch
D*,
mm
d*1,
mm
d*2,
mm
d*3,
mm
d*0,
mm
L,
mm
L*,
mm
2
64.148
62.61
58.99
62.80
67.5
65.1
52.4
2½
76.848
74.81
71.19
75.51
80.2
73.0
60.3
3
93.516
91.08
87.46
92.17
96.9
79.4
66.7
4
118.916
115.89
112.27 117.57
122.3
88.0
76.2
6
176.066
172.45 168.83 174.73
180.2
101.5
85.6
9
242.741
237.94
234.32 241.01 246.9
120.5
104.6
Annotation: D — average diameter of the thread in the main plane; d*1, d*2—
outer and inner diameter of the thread in the plane of bearing face of the
faucet; d*3 — inner diameter of the thread in the plane of faucet’s bearing
face; d*0 — diameter of cylindrical groove of the faucet; L— general length of
the thread (until the end of rise ); L* — the length of the thread until the main
plane( with full profile). Cone female faucet generator The least diameter of
the female cone should be equal to d0. The depth of faucet’s groove is made for
details of 2–4’’ — 9,5 mm, of 6–9’’ — 12.7 mm
Thread joint of pipes
 –
35 – 
Picture 16
Table №8
The main sizes of thread’s profiles
№
Parameters of thread
1 Pitch of thread P, mm
2 Height of initial profile H*, mm
3 Height of profile h1, mm
4 Working height of the profile h*, mm
Value
3.175
2.750
1.81 ± 0.050.10
1.734
5 Profile angle α, degree
6 Gap Z*, mm
60°
0.076
7 Angle of slope, φ
8 Radius of penetration of the height of the profile r
9 Radius of rounding of scallops of the profile r1
10 Taper, 2tg φ
1047´24˝
0.508 + 0.045
0.432 – 0.045
1:16
Annotation: Pitch is measured parallel to the axis of the thread. Maximum
displacement of radius values are r and r1 which are necessary for projecting
thread maker instrument and are not controlled.
Maximum displacement of radius values are r and r1 which are
necessary for projecting thread maker instrument and are not controlled.
Maximum displacement from nominal sizes should be in appliance with tables №№ 8, 9:
Standoff on thread gage plug should be:
• for details of nominal sizes 2–4 inches — 6.3 mm
• for details of nominal sizes 6 inches — 9.5 mm
A tolerance on size of indicated standoffs ± 3.2 mm
Standoff on thread end plug should be:
• for details of nominal sizes 2½ and 3 inches — 15.9 mm;
• for details of nominal sizes 4 and 6 inches — 19.1 mm;
• for details of nominal sizes 9 inches — 31.7 mm.
A tolerance on size of indicated standoffs ± 3.2 mm.
Pipe joint is better to be accomplished by bolting standoff on
manually with no instruments (picture 20), and with instruments
with the help of casing tongs. Bolting pipes on manually should be
 –
36 – 
accomplished by two workers. On of them holds one pipe from a
turn, and second one rotates the second pipe till the stop. 1–4 threads
should be left on the properly, manually, bolted, threaded joint from
the bearing face up to the end of thread run-out on a nipple.
Maximum displacement
from nominal sizes of fiberglass pipes
№ Indexes
1 Length of a pipe, %
2 Thickness of a pipe wall, %
Taper on 1 m length,
3
on diameter, mm
4 General length of a thread, mm
5 Angle of a profile of a thread, degrees
6 Outer diameter of a faucet, %
7 Thread pitch on 25.4 mm length, mm
Thread pitch on the entire length
8
with full profile, mm
Table №9
Value
± 5.0
± 22.5
+ 5.208
– 2.600
± 3.175
± 1.5°
+ 10
± 0.076
± 0.152
Annotation: Maximum displacement of the thread pitch on length no more
than 25.4 mm is acceptable for distances between any twos thread with maximum profile. For distances between threads more than 25.4 mm, increasing of
maximum displacement proportionally to increasing of length is allowed, but
increasing shouldn’t be higher than numbers in 15 table for all threads with
full profile. Maximum displacements of taper (displacement from difference
of two different diameters) are accepted on 1 m length and apply to average
diameter of pipe’s thread and also to outer diameter of faucet’s thread.
After preliminary bolting on, fastening of threaded joint should
be accomplished. Fastening of threaded joint is accomplished manually by belt wrench or chain tongs. During using chain tongs, to prevent
pipes from damages, establishing part of pipes should be wrapped by
gaskets made from rubber or tarpaulin.
Fastening of threaded joint should be accomplished carefully, by
avoiding damages of outer surfaces of pipes which should be bolted
on. If manual coupling and fastening by belt wrench and chain togs
are done properly, bearing face of the pipe should coincide with the
last turn of thread of the nipple with a tolerance on ±1 turn that is
emergence or hiding of turn of thread of nipple relatively to bearing
face of the faucet.
 –
37 – 
Manual bolting
Joint by belt wrench or chain tongs
Picture 17
Picture 18
2.8. Faucet and pin conic joint (glue adhesive joint)
Faucet and pin joint is tough connection, which consists of conic
faucet end and mechanically worked (cylindrical and conic) spigot
end. Moreover, faucet and spigot cones can have threads. Typical
faucet and pin joints are presented on picture 19.
Types of fittings with glue joint are presented on B supplement.
Faucet and pin joints require the least number of materials in
compare with other joints, and moreover they are characterized as
effective and constructive when properly assembled. If cylindrical
spigot is used then it should be established up to ledge. Joint, consist-
 –
38 – 
ing of conic faucet or conic spigot, has two adjustable conic surfaces,
thus pressing the end of the spigot in up to ledge is unnecessary. First
method of joint has significant advantage in speed of accomplishment
of readiness to exploitation. The second method of joint (joints of cone
in cone type) is more durable, but also the joint is subjected to positional mistakes when incorrectly assembled. These mistakes can
weaken the joint significantly.
Faucet and pin joint assembly becomes more difficult, when the
lengths of pipes increases, particularly for pipes with diameter more
than 450 mm. After assembling joints, formation of bonding agent’s
edges makes a problem and also it influences on changes of diameter
values of the pipe. This can lead to decrease of conveyance factor and
also to erosive processes and damages due to pore formation.
To accomplish faucet and pin joint following materials and instruments are necessary:
ԅԅ tape-measure, marker, circular tape-measure, metrical device;
ԅԅ drill-stem bushing, table or bench, rubber tape (for usage under
chain vice) .
ԅԅ astrictive device picture 20
ԅԅ angular grinding machine with carborundum disk (picture 24),
handsaw with 24tooth/ inches and hacksaw with 14 tooth/inches
ԅԅ glue according to project decision, rubber knife, abrasive cloth;
ԅԅ digital thermometer, rheostat, isolative canvas;
ԅԅ generator;
ԅԅ dissolvent, gloves, masks, eye-shields
ԅԅ tents against rain and dust
The end of the pipe (dry), cut according to intended size, should
be grinded to provide fault-free joint. The surface should be cleaned
by clean rag.
If the surface were in contact with grease or lubricant, it should
be cleaned by clean rag sodden with clean acetone, methylethylketone
or methyl-isobutyl ketene (with no water). Petrol or spirit solvents for
dye shouldn’t be used for cleaning purposes.
Temperature of heating canvas should be +90°C— during transporting of medium project temperature should be below +65°C and
+125°C — medium temperature from +65°C up to +90°C.
Flange joints and taps hardly succumb to hardening by using
heating canvas from outer side because of configuration. hardening
with such details is accomplished by following method:
 –
39 – 
■■
■■
■■
heating canvas is tightly placed to inner side of worked pipe
walls;
warming temperature of the joint is controlled by thermometer;
for taps, branches and the closest joints solidify first, remaining
parts solidify with the help of heating canvas.
At faucet and pin joint, astrictive device is used to create tight
glue joint
Faucet and pin (conic glue adhesive)
Faucet and pin joint assembly
(conic glue adhesive)
 –
40 – 
Picture 19
Picture 20
Faucet and pin joint assembly time is presented on table №10.
Estimated time for assembly is determined by following conditions:
constant work of two adjusters, enough space, readiness of all necessary materials and so on
Assembly time
ID, mm
25
40
50
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time before
treatment,
min
10
10
10
12
12
15
15
16
18
20
25
Gluing time,
min
10
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
Таблица №10
Sum of
assembly
time, min
20
20
25
32
37
45
50
56
63
70
85
To prepare glue, hardener and resin should be mixed by scrupulous interfusion. Standard glue set consists of optimal ration of
hardener and resin. Other types of glue can also be used, if they are
appropriate to requirements of factory.
 –
41 – 
III. Fixing blocks in pressure piping
3.1. Fixing blocks usage
Unbalanced pressure forces occur in pipe-bends, tees, sewerage
adapters, turns, enhancements and other changes in linear direction
because of hydraulic ram (pressure wave) and working pressure
impacts on pressure piping. To prevent joints from joint break, fixing
blocks are applied. Fixing block’s construction is determined during
development of project.
Fixing blocks should entirely cover fitting along its length and circle.
Force is accepted fundamentally in the calculations of fixing
blocks for pipe-bends, acting in the direction of a line separating pipebends asunder (picture 21).
Fixing blocks for resistance to gravity
Section
Picture 21
Top view
Fixing blocks can be accomplished by three methods:
■■ to resist gravity;
■■ to resist axing and angular reactions;
■■ to resist mixed loads;
Fixing blocks should have form which provides necessary deflection amplitude of a pipe under an impact of ground load. Rubber
gasket (thickness of 10–30 mm and length of 150–200 mm) should be
placed between pipe and concrete in the exit of the pipe from blocks.
Fixing blocks for resistance to gravity (picture 24) just react by
rubbing with the surface the ground. They should be established in
the way that their own weight could counteract to force which occurs
because of pressure.
 –
42 – 
Inherent friction coefficient concrete/ground should be chosen in
according to type and state of a ground.
Fixing blocks
Section
Picture 22
Top view
Fixing blocks of reaction (picture 22) should be accomplished,
when the ground is stable (rocky, hard and condensed ground). Fixing
blocks require higher or equal to 1 m roof level.
Such blocks work through passive reaction of the ground, that’s
why they are established against vertical wall of the ground with
indestructible structure.
Fixing blocks of gravity reaction should be accomplished in case
of mixed ground, when an opportunity to use characteristics of anchor block, gravity and reaction exist.
Condensation of a surrounding land should be conducted for every type of fixing block, and if necessary stabilization should also be
conducted.
Linear fixing blocks are used to control axial movements of subsoil with flexible joints.. Such movements occur because of pressure or
temperature gradient. Fixing blocks can be placed under the pipe and
bounded with the pipe with the help of nylon lines.
Fixing blocks can be made by a thin layer of concrete (50–70 kg/
m2), for appropriate length, by leaving concrete in appliance with its
natural angular friction.
Some typical fixing blocks are presented on picture 23. Тhey
can be used during assembly of subsoil pipes.
 –
43 – 
Picture 23
Types of fixing blocks
3.2. The main parameters of fixing blocks
During selection of the main parameters of concrete blocks, following
characteristics of ground should taken into account:
■■ angle of inner friction;
■■ clutch;
■■ specific density;
■■ concrete/ground friction coefficient;
■■ passive reaction of a ground.
Characteristics of a ground
Table 11
Types of ground
Angle
of inner
friction
(φ)
Clutch,
Пa
specific
density,
kg/m3
Concrete/
ground
friction
coefficient
Wet ground, muddy
clay, organic ground
20°
25°
10000
1800
0.30
Sandy ground clayey
sands sand
30°
35°
5000
0
1700
0.50
Dry ground: gravel,
ballast
40°
0
1600
0.70
 –
44 – 
IV. LIST OF STANDARDS
1. СНиП III 42–80 — Instruction on assembling of technological
pipelines made from plastic pipes.
2. СН РК 4.01–22–2004 — Instruction on underground and over
ground construction of pipelines reinforced with glass fiber.
3. СТ РК 1128–2002 — Plastic pipes reinforced with glass fiber on
basis of polyester resin.
4. СТ РК 1129–2002 — Plastic pipes reinforced with glass fiber.
Joint details.
5. СТ РК 1255–1–2004 (ISO 14692–1:2002, MOD) — Oil and Gas
industry. Fiberglass pipeline system (GRP). Part 1. Dictionary,
sympols, used materials.
industry. Fiberglass pipeline system (GRP). Part 2. Qualification
estimate and manufacturing.
7. СТ РК 1255–3–2004 (ISO 14692–3:2002, MOD) — Oil and
Gas industry. Fiberglass pipeline system (GRP). Part 3. System
engineering.
industry. Fiberglass pipeline system (GRP). Part 4. Assembling,
installation and exploitation.
9. ГОСТ Р 53201–2008 — Glass fiber pipes and fittings. Technical
conditions.
10.AWWA C 950–07 ― Fiberglass pipes with pressure.
11.AWWA Manual M 45 ― Fiberglass pipe design manual.
12.BS EN 14364 ― Plastic piping system for drainage and sewerage
with or without pressure. Glass reinforce thermosetting plastics
(GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin (UP). Specifications
for pipes, fittings and joints.
13.BS EN 1796 ― Plastics piping systems for water supply with
or without pressure. Glass-reinforce thermosetting plastics (GRP)
based on unsaturated plolyester resin (UP).
14.DIN 16868―1 1994 ― Wound and filledglass fibre reinforces
polyester resin pipes.
15.ГОСТ• 166―89 ― Trammel technical conditions.
₌  –
45 – 
Annex А
Fittings of GRP fiber-glass pipes with coupling
connections DN300-2600 (СТ РК 1129-2002)
Segment bends from 3° to 90°.
T-joints direct and segment —
derived, equal transient and transient.
Eccentric and concentric
reducers.
Saddles.
 –
46 – 
Annex B
Fittings of FRP fiber glass pipes for faucet,
faucet-pin, thread, conic — adhesive connections
DN80-1000 (СТ РК 1255-2-2004)
Monolithic bends are performed with angles 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 90°.
Т-joints monolithic equal transient and transient.
Eccentric and eccentric reducers.
 –
47 – 
Notes
 –
48 – 

GUIDELINES

Transcription

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