ABAP

Transcription

ABAP

ABAP
Finding Appropriate Abstractions for
Business Application Programming
ABA P
Horst Keller
NetWeaver Foundation ABAP
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Runtime Environment
ABAP Essential Concepts at one Glance
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
© SAP 2008 / ABAP Introduction and Overview / Horst Keller / NW F ABAP / Page 2
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
Business Application Programming –
General Figure
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
UI
Application Programs
System
Persistence Layer
System
Tabular Data in Tables of a
Central Relational Database
The ABAP Way
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
UI
ABAP Programs
ABAP System
Persistence Layer
remote System
Tabular Data in Tables of a
Central relational Database
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
The ABAP Runtime Environment
SAP GUI, HTTP
ABAP Runtime Envrionment
Hardware-, operating-system-, and
database-independent platform
(virtual machine) that provides
Interfaces
PROGRAM ...
Server Management (Memory,
Process, Task Handling)
CLASS ...
METHOD main.
...
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Text Environment
Locking and LUW Services
…
for ABAP programs.
ABAP Program
RFC,
HTTP
Native Database Commands
ABAP Runtime Environment – Past to Present
Classical ABAP - Reporting
Classical Lists
(Screen/Spool)
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Report Program
SAP Basis
REPORT abap_intro_classic_report.
TABLES spfli.
START-OF-SELECTION.
WRITE text-lst.
ULINE.
GET spfli.
WRITE: spfli-carrid, spfli-connid,
spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto.
END-OF-SELECTION.
ULINE.
R/3-System
DEMO
ABAP –
Allgemeiner Berichts Aufbereitungs Prozessor
Classical ABAP - Transactions
PROGRAM abap_intro_classic_transaction.
Classical Dynpros
Dialog Program
SAP Basis
R/3-System
MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT.
CASE sy-ucomm.
WHEN 'EXECUTE'.
SELECT * FROM sflight
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS
OF TABLE conn_tab
WHERE carrid = demo_conn-carrid AND
connid = demo_conn-connid.
…
ENDMODULE.
MODULE user_command_0200 INPUT.
CASE sy-ucomm.
WHEN 'SAVE'.
CALL FUNCTION 'UPDATE_SFLIGHT'
EXPORTING flight_tab = conn_tab.
COMMIT WORK.
…
ENDMODULE.
DEMO
ABAP –
Advanced Business Application Programming
Modern ABAP – ABAP Objects
Services
Application
Services
Services
NW AS ABAP
Non-ABAP
SOA –
Service Oriented Architecture
Modern ABAP – NetWeaver Application Server ABAP
Web Dynpro
BSP
ICF
Taskhandler
Dynpro
Gateway
CFW
Dispatcher
Enqueue
ICM
ABAP/ABAP Objects
Open SQL
XSLT/ST
Native SQL
SAP OS
Data Base Interface
NW AS ABAP
Database
OS
RFC
Interface
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
ABAP Language
ABAP Essential Concepts at one Glance, Part 1
Exception Class
PROGRAM abap_intro_essentials.
CLASS cx_no_flights DEFINITION
INHERITING FROM cx_static_check.
ENDCLASS.
Class Definition
CLASS get_and_display_flights DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS main.
PRIVATE SECTION.
TYPES flight_tab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF sflight
WITH UNIQUE KEY carrid connid fldate.
CLASS-DATA self TYPE REF TO get_and_display_flights.
METHODS: get_flights
IMPORTING carrier TYPE sflight-carrid
RETURNING value(flights) TYPE flight_tab
RAISING cx_no_flights,
display_flights
IMPORTING flights TYPE flight_tab.
ENDCLASS.
DEMO
Static Methods
Type declaration
Static Attributes
Instance Methods
ABAP Language
Class Implementation
CLASS get_and_display_flights IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD main.
DATA: carrier
TYPE sflight-carrid,
my_flights TYPE flight_tab.
CREATE OBJECT self.
CALL FUNCTION 'REQUEST_CARRIER'
IMPORTING
carrier = carrier.
TRY.
my_flights = self->get_flights( carrier ).
CATCH cx_no_flights.
MESSAGE text-nof TYPE 'I' DISPLAY LIKE 'E'.
RETURN.
ENDTRY.
self->display_flights( my_flights ).
ENDMETHOD.
Method Implementation
Local Data
Object Instantiation
Function Call
Method Call
Exception Handling
DEMO
ABAP Language
METHOD get_flights.
SELECT *
FROM sflight
INTO TABLE flights
WHERE carrid = carrier.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_no_flights.
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
Open SQL
Internal Table
Exception Raising
METHOD display_flights.
DATA: display_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF sflight,
alv TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table,
exc TYPE REF TO cx_salv_msg.
TRY.
display_tab = flights.
cl_salv_table=>factory(
IMPORTING r_salv_table = alv
CHANGING t_table
= display_tab ).
alv->display( ).
CATCH cx_salv_msg INTO exc.
MESSAGE exc TYPE 'I' DISPLAY LIKE 'E'.
RETURN.
ENDTRY.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
DEMO
Global Classes
External Method Call
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
ABAP Development
ABAP Workbench
ABAP Workbench
Integrated Tool
Environment for all
Development
Objects
Server Side
Development
Change and
Transport System
Test Tools
…
ABAP Development
ABAP Debugger
Two Process Debugging
ABAP Development
ABAP Language - Keywords
ABAP –
Not really a Language for Esthets
ABAP Development
ABAP Language - Documentation
F1
Comprehensive help for more than 700 ABAP keywords
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Built-in Database Access
Open SQL
Native SQL
EXEC SQL.
SELECT ...
FROM ...
INTO ...
WHERE ...
GROUP BY ...
HAVING ...
ORDER BY ...
SELECT ...
CREATE TABLE ...
EXECUTE PROCEDURE ...
DML and DDL –
Platform Dependent
ENDEXEC.
INSERT
UPDATE
MODIFY
DELETE
...
...
...
...
ADBC
DATA: sql TYPE REF TO cl_sql_statement,
stmt TYPE string.
stmt = `SELECT ... `.
DML –
Platform Independent
sql->execute_query( stmt ).
DCL: Locking etc. is managed by other concepts
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Type Declarations and Typing
(Web) Dynpro
____
TYPES local_type TYPE HASHED TABLE OF dbtab
WITH UNIQUE KEY ...
…
FIELD
DATA screen_field TYPE field.
…
...
DATA dbtab_wa TYPE dbtab.
…
DBTAB
DATA dbtab_tab TYPE local_type.
ABAP Dictionary
METHODS meth IMPORTING para1 TYPE field
EXPORTING para2 TYPE local_type.
Database Tables
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – The ABAP Type Zoo, Part 1
Types
Objects
Generic Types
Data Types Data Objects
data, any
Elementary Daty Types
Elementary Data Objects
simple
Fixed Length Static Data Objects
c
Text Fields
d
Date Fields
n
Numeric Text Fields
t
Time Fields
csequence
clike
decfloat16/34 Decimal FltPt.
f
Binary Floating Point Numbers
i
Integers
p
Packed Numbers
x
Byte Fields
Variable Length
string
numeric
Dynamic Data Objects
xstring
decfloat
Byte Strings
Character Strings
xsequence
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – The ABAP Type Zoo, Part 2
Types
Objects
Data Types Data Objects
data, any
Complex Data Types
Complex Data Objects
Structured Types
Structures
Table Types Internal Tables
any table
Index Tables
index table
Standard Tables
Sorted Tables
Standard Tables
Sorted Tables
Hashed Tables Hashed Tables
[standard] table
sorted table
hashed table
Reference Types Reference Variables
Data References
Data Reference Variables
Object References Object Reference Variables
Class References
Class Reference Variables
Interface References Interface Reference Variables
Object Types
Classes
object
Objects
Interfaces
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Handling Tables
____
Tables on Screens
DATA itab TYPE ... TABLE OF …
WITH ... KEY ...
READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY ...
LOOP AT itab ...
Tables in ABAP:
ENDLOOP.
Internal Tables
INSERT ... INTO TABLE ...
SELECT ... INTO TABLE ...
...
Database Tables
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Internal Tables from Past to Present
Three kinds of internal tables:
Standard tables
Sorted tables
Hashed tables
Tables of References
Tables of any Type
REPORT abap_intro_reference_table.
DATA vehicle_tab TYPE TABLE OF
REF TO cl_abap_intro_vehicle.
DEMO
Tables of Structures
DO n TIMES.
CREATE OBJECT vehicle.
APPEND vehicle TO vehicle_tab.
ENDDO.
LOOP AT vehicle_tab INTO vehicle.
vehicle->show_speed( ).
ENDLOOP.
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Internal Tables with Secondary Keys
L
s!
w
Ne .1)
t
7
s
ate s e
lea
e
(R
REPORT demo_secondary_keys.
DATA: itab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF example_data=>struc
WITH UNIQUE KEY idx
WITH NON-UNIQUE SORTED KEY k1
COMPONENTS name postal_code.
READ TABLE jtab INTO wa
WITH KEY k1 COMPONENTS name = ...
postal_code = ... .
Primary
unique
hashed key
Secondary
non-unique
sorted key
DEMO
Access via
secondary key
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – String Processing
REPORT abap_intro_regex.
IF matches( val = email
regex = `\w+(\.\w+)*@(\w+\.)+(\w{2,4})`
case = abap_false ).
...
ELSE.
...
ENDIF.
Example 1
Built-in Support for
Regular Expressions
DEMO
REPORT abap_intro_string_expressions.
Example 2
String Expressions with
String Templates
output( text-sym &&
|: { get_amount( ) + get_tax( )
STYLE
= MONETARY
CURRENCY = cur }| &&
| { cur ALIGN = LEFT }| ).
ews!
N
t
s
e
t
La
.1)
se 7
(Relea
DEMO
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Language Environment
The language environment of an ABAP-Program comprises
Text pool with language dependend text elements
Text environment with language dependent Locale and System
Code Page
Format settings with country specific number, date, and time
formats
→ Language Independent Development
output = text-sym.
Text Symbol,
as an Example for
Text Elements
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Built-in XML-Support
REPORT abap_intro_xml_conversion.
DATA: BEGIN OF carrier_wa,
carrid TYPE scarr-carrid,
carrname TYPE scarr-carrname,
url
TYPE scarr-url,
END OF carrier_wa,
carrier_tab LIKE TABLE OF carrier_wa,
xml_xstring TYPE xstring.
SELECT *
FROM scarr
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE carrier_tab.
CALL TRANSFORMATION abap_intro_simple_trans
SOURCE carriers = carrier_tab
RESULT XML xml_xstring
OPTIONS xml_header = 'NO'.
cl_abap_browser=>show_xml(
xml_xstring = xml_xstring ).
cl_abap_browser=>show_html(
html_xstring = xml_xstring
buttons
= 'X'
check_html
= ' ' ).
DEMO
<?sap.transform simple?>
<tt:transform
xmlns:tt="http://www.sap.com/transformation-templates">
<tt:root name="CARRIERS"/>
<tt:template>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Carriers:</h2>
<table border="2">
<tr>
<td><b>Id</b></td>
<td><b>Name</b></td>
<td><b>Homepage</b></td>
</tr>
<tt:loop ref=".CARRIERS">
<tr><td>
<tt:value ref="$ref.carrid"/>
</td>
<td>
<tt:value ref="$ref.carrname"/>
</td>
<td>
<a><tt:attribute name="href" value-ref="$ref.url" />
<tt:value ref="$ref.url"/></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tt:loop>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</tt:template>
</tt:transform>
Simple Transformation,
Standard XSLT is also possible
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Dynamic Programming
REPORT abap_intro_dynamic .
DATA: type_descr
struct_descr
table_descr
components
table_ref
TYPE REF TO cl_abap_typedescr,
TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr,
TYPE REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr,
TYPE cl_abap_structdescr=>component_table,
TYPE REF TO data.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <table> TYPE ANY TABLE.
cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name(
EXPORTING p_name
= dbtab
RECEIVING p_descr_ref = type_descr ).
RTTS
Classes
Data
Reference
Field Symbol
components = ...
struct_descr = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( components ).
table_descr = cl_abap_tabledescr=>create( struct_descr ).
CREATE DATA table_ref TYPE HANDLE table_descr.
ASSIGN table_ref->* TO <table>.
RTTC
TRY.
SELECT (cols)
FROM (dbtab)
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE <table>
WHERE (where).
CATCH cx_sy_sql_error INTO error.
...
ENDTRY.
DEMO
RTTI
Data Object
Instantiation
Dynamic
Tokens
ABAP Language
ABAP Strong Points – Exception Handling
CX_ROOT
CX_STATIC_CHECK
CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK
CX_NO_CHECK
CLASS cx_... DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cx_..._check.
...
ENDCLASS.
DATA oref TYPE cx_...
METHODS method RAISING cx_...
TRY.
method( ... ).
CATCH cx_... cx_... INTO oref.
...
CLEANUP.
...
ENDTRY.
METHOD method.
RAISE cx_...
ENDMETHOD.
e 7.1:
Releas ceptions
able Ex
Resum
ABAP
ABA P
ABAP Development
ABAP Strong Points
Conclusion
Conclusion
ABAP meets the Demands of an Ever-Changing World
… by an Ongoing Evolution!
R/2 ABAP
ABAP/4
ABAP Objects
Unicode enabled
Modern ABAP
ABAP
ABA P
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION !
QUESTIONS
–
SUGGESTIONS
–
DISCUSSION

ABAP

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