Presentation - Air Cargo Safety and Security: Closing the Gaps

Jack Kreckie
April 17, 2012
THERE IS A GAP!
Hazards for firefighters, i.e., fuel, hydraulics, batteries, oxygen,
wheels, size, second deck, all present in both configurations.
Same hazards to those on the ground; same impact to airport
operations. The difference is the number of occupants. The
number of occupants is not a factor in Index determination.
MAJOR FREIGHTER ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS IN US 1996 - 2012
¾ Federal Express DC-10—Sept. 5, 1996, Newburgh, NY
(SWF)
¾ Federal Express MD-11—July 31, 1997, Newark, NJ
(EWR)
¾ Fine Air DC-8—August 7, 1997, Miami, FL (MIA)
¾ UPS B-767—September 11, 1998, Houston, TX (EFD)
¾ Federal Express A310—June 28, 1999, Manila, PI (MNL)
¾ Federal Express MD-11—October 5, 1999, Subic Bay, PI
(SFS)
MAJOR FREIGHTER ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS IN US 1996 - 2012
¾ Emery Worldwide—Feb. 16, 2000, Rancho Cordova, CA
(MHR)
¾ Federal Express B-727—July 26, 2002, Tallahassee, FL (TLH)
¾ Federal Express MD-10—Dec. 18, 2003, Memphis, TN (MEM)
¾ UPS DC-8—February 7, 2006, Philadelphia, PA (PHL)
¾ FedEx Express MD10—July 28, 2006, Memphis, TN (MEM)
¾ ABX Air, Boeing 767—Ground Fire June 28, 2008, San
Francisco, CA (SFO)
TITLE 49. US CODE 44706
Since 1970, the FAA has had the statutory authority to
regulate airports serving “certain air carriers”. This
authority is found in Title 49, United States Code 44706.
§44706. Airport operating certificates
(a) General.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration shall issue an airport operating certificate
to a person desiring to operate an airport—
(1) that serves an air carrier operating aircraft designed for
at least 31 passenger seats;
(2) that is not located in the State of Alaska and serves any
scheduled passenger operation of an air carrier
operating aircraft designed for more than 9 passenger
seats but less than 31 passenger seats; (since revised to
9 seats) and
(3) that the Administrator requires to have a certificate;
THE PROBLEM …
¾ Federal Express began overnight Air Carrier operations in
1973.
¾ UPS, although founded in 1907, did not launch UPS Airline
until 1988.
¾ These carriers transformed the air freight business into what
we have today, but it was not an issue in 1970 when the FAA
was given the statutory authority to regulate airports under 14
CFR Part 139 by Congress.
¾ 14 CFR Part 139.315 Aircraft Recue and Firefighting: Index
Determination
(c) Except as provided in § 139.319(c), if there are five or more
average daily departures of air carrier aircraft in a single Index
group serving that airport, the longest aircraft with an average
of five or more daily departures determines the Index.
CARGO AIRCRAFT ARE NOT INCLUDED IN INDEX
DETERMINATION
Category
Index
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GA-1
GA-1
GA-2
A
A
B
C
D
E
Water (U.S. Gallons)
ICAO
FAA
NFPA
61
177
317
634
1427*
2087*
3197*
4808*
6419*
8533*
—
—
—
100
100
1500
3000
4000
6000
—
120
200
670
1340
2760
3740
4880
7780
9570
14260
Example Aircraft
Cessna 206
Cessna 414
Beech 1900
DHC-8-100
ATR-72
B737-300; Emb-145
B757
A300; B767-300
B747-200; A340-400
AN-225; A380
.
Any airport, any Index can conduct flight operations of large
frame cargo aircraft with no requirement for providing ARFF
coverage for that size aircraft.
EFFORTS FOR REFORM
¾ In 2000, the FAA States: “US Code 44706 must
change before Part 139 can change.
¾ From 2001 through 2006, IPA lobbied for reform of US
Code 44706.
¾ On October 20, 2005, Congressman Curt Weldon
introduced HR 4123 into the House to change US
Code 44706. It was never passed.
UPS FLT. 1307, DC-8, CARGO FIRE ON BOARD
FEBRUARY 7, 2006 AT 2359 (EST) PHL
The Beginning of the Changes
INDUSTRY INTEREST …
¾ PHL ARFF – Pointed out the discrepancy in
preparation for cargo aircraft vs. passenger and how it
affected their ability to manage this incident.
¾ NTSB Recommendation A-07-110
¾ Work with your member airlines and other groups,
such as the Air Transport Association, major
aircraft manufacturers, and the Aircraft Rescue
and Firefighting (ARFF) Working Group, to develop
and disseminate accurate and complete airplane
Emergency Response diagrams for ARFF
personnel at airports with cargo operations.
INDUSTRY RESPONSE (CONT’D)
ARFF Working Group ARFF Data Base
NTSB Response:
¾ The NTSB is pleased with the CAA's extensive efforts to address
this recommendation, including the development and
dissemination of a template for each member carrier to use to
submit the most valuable information to ARFF on each of their
aircraft types and support given to the ARFF Working Group in
establishing a comprehensive database that ARFF Incident
Commanders can access from a mobile data terminal or a laptop
computer.
¾ Because the CAA's efforts surpass the recommended action,
Safety Recommendation A-07-110 is classified "Closed—Exceeds
Recommended Action.”
UPS – ARFF Cargo Training – over 40 airports’ ARFF Departments
provided classroom and “hands on” training on Freighters.
FAA RESPONSE
Revision to AC 150/5210-17B, “Programs for Training of Aircraft Rescue and
Firefighting Personnel”
(2) Aircraft familiarization. For air carrier and air cargo operations, the
program should train personnel such that they are able to do the
following:
(a) identify all types of aircraft (passenger, cargo) operating at the
airport;
Development of AC 150/5210-23, “ARFF Vehicle and High Reach
Extendable Turret (HRET) Operation, Training and Qualifications”
Development of ARFF Training Videos
¾ Cargo Aircraft
¾ High Reach Extendable
Turrets
¾ Aircraft Forcible Entry
PROGRESS!
Significant advances since 2006!
¾
¾
¾
¾
Awareness
Training Media
Research
Relationships
CHANGES IN ARFF PROTECTION
¾ Availability of more detailed training recommendations,
best practices and the addition of freighter aircraft to FAA
required training subjects has raised the bar. To what
degree still varies from airport to airport.
¾ FAA Research programs have been launched to test
theories, technologies and tactics and strategies for
fighting cargo fires on freighter aircraft.
¾ Participation in all of these programs by the Pilots, FedEx,
UPS and ARFF Departments across the United States will
continue to demand change.
¾ Goal: “One Level of Safety” for aviation fire protection at
airports for all commercial aircraft.