Student Projects Catalogue 2012-13

Transcription

School of Engineering of the University of Orléans
Student Projects Catalogue 2012-13
Student Projects Catalogue 2012/13
Polytech Orléans
Polytech Orléans
Ecole Polytechnique de l’université d’Orléans
Direction management des formations, prospective et innovation pédagogique
 : 02 38 49 43 56
 : 02 38 41 73 83
 : [email protected]
Site Léonard de Vinci
8 rue Léonard de Vinci
45072 ORLÉANS cedex 02
Site Galilée
12, rue de Blois – BP 6744
45067 ORLÉANS cedex 02
STUDENT PROJECTS CATALOGUE 2012/13
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Contents
Message from the Director7
Ecotechnologies9
Anamorphosis for gobo projector10
Characterization of color space prediction and choice of colors for use in the field
of document identity11
Choosing a 3D engine for realistic video generation12
Development of a measurement and acquisition in Labview (Model EMG-Force)13
Digital electronic automation14
Embedded telemetry system15
Femtosecond and nanosecond lasers micro-machining16
Implementation of fingerprint recognition system17
Infrared analyzes of carbon nanotubes prepared by plasma18
Laser ablation study of ITO thin films set down on glass19
Laser analysis of dusty plasma20
Localization and tracking of a mobile object21
Location of the disabled by smartphone22
MEMS microdevices23
Multichannel processing24
Optimizing a metrology device based on light scattering25
Performance comparison between three real-time operating systems 26
Plasma for liquids treatment27
Power supply for flexible neon light strips 28
Scanning the frequency bands to spy the FM and the 433 MHz29
Six-legged robot30
Studying power evolution during establishment phase31
Technology of development: ARM M0 for RFID (radio frequency identification) kit 32
The water curtain light 33
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Civil Engineering35
Agronomic soil survey in Burkina Faso36
Building structure design: a construction project of 98 apartments in Amiens, France37
Characterization of geomaterials’ mechanical properties by the indentation method38
Construction of a housing estate “ZAC de la Cerisaille”39
Construction of a roundabout40
Construction of a roundabout and widening of a road in an existing intersection using
the software GeoMacao41
Durability of restoration mortar42
Economic optimization of a composite bridge43
Environmental impact of wastes incineration residues: eventuality of chromium pollution44
EHPAD Raymond Poulain refurbishment cost estimation45
Evaluation of two restoration techniques of a Roman statue, Repture Project 46
Geological and hydrogeological studies of the risks related to the chasms and
cavities in the area of Mardié47
Study of geomaterials deterioration48
Historical heritage conservation: desalination of construction stones49
Hydrogeological diagnosis of a municipal swimming area50
Impact of atmospheric pollution on Chambord rock51
Infrared thermography applied to the detection of deterioration of historical monuments52
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a quarry to turn it into water tank 53
Remediation of soils polluted with sulfate copper and CCA with the use of mineral
soil-enrichment products (slags)54
Sludge dehydration in water treatment plant55
Straw concrete, a renewable and cheap material with high thermal insulation capacity56
Study of the hydration phenomenon of cement paste57
Tender offer for a gymnasium in Darvoy58
3D modelisation of architectural models59
Water-repellent treatment of buildings60
Mechanical Engineering61
Aerodynamic and dynamic study of an oscillating wind fin62
Ageing of biobased composites63
CFD analysis of a test bench allowing longstanding tests of hypersonic plane structures64
Characterization of fluid flow in human bone65
Characterization of miscanthus ash by X-ray diffraction66
Comparison between two calculations on fabric67
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Comparison of different equations of turbulent flame speed for premixed combustion68
Designing a test bench for Redex gearboxes69
Determination of brick/mortar interface behaviour by tensile tests at different temperatures70
Development of a model diesel engine from experimental data71
Development of a model of vaporization of an isolated oil drop72
Energy audit for roof insulation73
Experimental characterization of a synthetic jet74
Flow control with plasma actuator75
Greener cars through mastered combustion76
In-situ characterization of catalytic graphitization process77
Instrumentation of a spot welding tong78
Integrated wind wing project79
Material optimization based on bone remodeling80
Measurement and simulation of impregnation of a non-reactive porous alumina by a liquid81
Modeling of the command of a submarine rudder blade actuator82
Numerical modeling of corrugated sandwich structures under compression constraints83
Numerical simulation and analysis of a shell-side flow in a shell-and-tubes heat exchanger84
Optimization of an experiment to measure electrical conductivity of metallic materials
under irradiation at very low temperatures85
Ozone generation and measurement by radiofrequency discharge 86
Parametric study of homogenisation mean physical variables of simulation and
predictive regulation for homes87
Performing an energy balance with geothermal installations for the city hall of Semoy88
Preliminary draft of an innovative and light hybrid aircraft89
Robotic autonomous exploration strategy 90
Simulation of unit cell woven reinforcements91
Sizing of an actuator to control flow separation and improve aerodynamic performance92
Study and control of a wake with a vibrant splitter plate93
Study and implementation of teleoperation for the robot Stäubli 94
Study of the robustness of the power management strategy of a hybrid electric vehicle 95
Study of the shaping of woven reinforcements made from fiber flax96
Submarine immersed actuator design 97
Thermo-mechanical modeling of refractory masonries98
Using HyperWorks software to realize finite elements simulation99
The Final Year Projects Forum 101
Index of student names103
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Message from the Director
One essential element of the activites of any engineering school is the maintenance of partnerships
with businesses and institutions in the local community and beyond. Thanks to its close ties to such
organizations, Polytech Orléans can guarantee the employability of its graduates (of which 90% find a first
job within three months of receiving their degree), accurately adapt its programmes to respond to the
changing needs of the business and scientific community, and acquire the most up-to-date equipment,
materials and software.
Our partners also benefit from these exchanges by receiving high-level scientific expertise as they
welcome hundreds of our students in internships each year and avail themselves of the educational
facilities and equipment we can provide.
To prepare for their entry into the professional world, fifth-year students at Polytech Orléans are required
to prepare and complete a project according to the specifications established by an engineer working
in the field. For Polytech, these projects validate the body of technical and managerial competencies
acquired by students during their years in our programme. For our industrial partners, the students’
projects permit them to test systems, confirm new ideas, and create prototypes, among other valuable
research outcomes.
Publishing a yearbook that brings together in one volume the overviews of all fifth-year industrial projects
is a concrete way of presenting the entirety of the fields of activity in which graduate engineers of Polytech
Orléans will work. It is also a way for our business partners to evaluate the assistance which Polytech can
bring to them. Our ambition is to highlight the achievements realized in collaboration with businesses and
institutions and to encourage development of new industrial partnerships.
Christophe Léger
Director, Polytech Orléans
For further information:
Direction des Relations Entreprises, Stages, Innovation, Formation continue
12 rue de Blois, BP 6744, 45067 Orléans cedex 2
02 38 49 48 48
[email protected]
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Ecotechnologies
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Anamorphosis for gobo projector
Electrical engineering
Olivier WACOGNE
Academic supervisor: Christophe CACHONCINLLE
Industrial supervisor: Matthieu CRETIN
Company: Lumières Studio
Objective/motivation
In an ideal world, all projectors would be at right angles to the projection surface to provide a true
and undistorted image. In reality, this is seldom the case. It is not always possible to position a lantern
directly in front of the projection surface, so the image is projected obliquely and thus appears distorted.
The further off-centre the lantern, or the wider the beam angle of the projection, the more distorted
the image appears. The aim of the project is to provide a ‘Keystone Correction’ service, distorting the
gobo artwork to correct the effects of an off-centre projection, in both single and double planes. This is
particularly useful when creating scenic projected effects in the theatre when you are limited as to where
you can place a lantern in an auditorium, or when projecting logos and advertising onto buildings.
Results
An image-file is (generally) an m x n x 3 array, where 3 color values (red, green and
blue) are stored at each of the m x n pixel-locations. The next step is to construct a
transformation matrix that, when multiplied with our 4 x N array (which contains
the xyz positions of each pixel in the old coordinate system), will produce a 4 x
N array of data containing the xyz positions of each pixel in the new coordinate
system. Then the operation is a rotation about the y-axis and x-axis by an angle α
and β. The next step is to translate the entire image a distance -z along the z-axis.
The final step of the mathematical transformation of the image is to project it
onto a fictitious screen in front of the viewer’s eye. In accordance with the
assumptions of classical perspective, this fictitious screen represents the eye’s
flat, 2-dimensional field of vision.
Keywords: anamorphosis, correction, distortion, sample, gobo
Optical bench with the correct artwork modified for 45°left and 45°bottom
Anamorphosoft designed to create the correct artwork
Contact: [email protected]
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Characterization of color space prediction and
choice of colors for use in the field
of document identity
Image processing
Khiereddine CHALABI
Academic supervisor: Pr. Harba Rachid
Company: confidential
The objective of this project is to explore new avenues of color processing and application to increase
the use of color as a tool in document identity. This could include heretofore unknown methods of
marking and identifying documents. Techniques which already exist, such as inject printing, direct
thermal printing or retransfer, each have advantages and disadvantages as concerns cost and
security. This project aims to pursue development of imaginative techniques using new technology
and increased color range to expand the possibilities in the domain of document identity.
Results
The experiments and techniques which were developed in the research of this project resulted in
encouraging improvements in the area of perception, modeling and prediction of color rendering, as well
as enhancements in contrast and image resolution as used in the field of document identity.
Keywords: color space prediction
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Choosing a 3D engine for
realistic video generation
Software engineering
Florian DELAUNAY
Academic supervisor: Sylvie TREUILLET
Industrial supervisor: Pascal GUERIN
Company: Thales
Thales develops ground-to-air defense systems. These systems are composed of real-time embedded
software. In order to adjust this software, it is necessary to generate 3D synthetic images that reproduce
videos that can be received by cameras on the spot (terrain, field, clouds, patrols, etc.). My task consists
of studying the IT solutions that can be used to generate these synthetic videos. I will continue working on
this project during a 6-month internship. This will develop my object programming skills and my project
approach.
Results
The pre-study step of the project consisted of choosing a C++ 3D engine library which would allow me to
generate and navigate through the synthetic images, regarding the constraints that I had to consider. On
the project pictures you will see examples of terrains and skies that I generated with a 3D engine called
Irrlicht.
Keywords: synthetic images, 3D, 3D video
Terrain generation with Irrlicht engine (example 1): Lighting at noon
Terrain generation with Irrlicht engine (example 2): Sunset
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Water and terrain generation using Ogre 3D engine
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Development of a measurement
and acquisition in Labview
(Model EMG-Force)
Signal processing
Abdelhak BOUNABI
Academic supervisors: Olivier BUTTELLI, Philippe RAVIER
Institution: School of Physical and Sports Activities (STAPS), University of Orléans
The project aims to develop a measurement system for the acquisition and study of human physical activity
on standardized tests. Therefore, the system integrates the measurement of biomechanical variables
(force developed) and electrophysiological (EMG). This system should allow the operator management
metrics for the selected test. Software will be needed to allow the acquisition multisensor (multichannel)
of different signals. The development environment will be in Labview (National Instrument, version 2012).
Results
The multichannel software will allow configuration data to acquire knowledge that they can vary in
number and type of channel. The operator interface shall include a configuration file (Config_Acqui
or Parameter) for setting the acquisition (acquisition mode, number of channels, channel types, limits,
sampling frequency, buffer size) after selecting a second configuration file allow the calibration of
measurements previously selected (Etalon_Config or calibration) with the gain, the value of zero. A third
configuration file defines the characteristics of the subject passing the test (Config-subject or header) and
will include information about the identifier (name), identifying test, gender, age, strength, diagnostic,
electrode, and free field to add comments, etc.
Keywords: labview, data acquisition, multichannel (multisensor), data processing
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Digital electronic automation
Telecommunication and electronics
Hind ACHOURI
Academic supervisor: Guy LAMARQUE
Institution: The Engineering School
of the University of Orléans (Polytech Orléans)
The aim of this project is to develop a demonstrator which is capable of controlling various home
equipment from a web interface. At home we have an embedded web server that is capable of driving
equipment and transmitting information (like temperature or led). There are various modules that can
send and receive information across the internet. Some are very sophisticated real web servers that have
inputs and outputs controllable by a simple HTML page itself embedded in the server memory. In this
project, we are using a module named EZL-50(M), which is in the form of a small OEM (Original Equipment
Manufacturer) PCB (printed circuit board), which can control the main network protocols that are related
to an Arduino card that is a programmable card with a serial port. It can be used to retrieve information
from sensors to communicate with a computer, use a mobile phone to send and read messages on the
Internet, and also to turn off/on electrical appliances.
Results
The EZL-50 provides communication between the router and the Arduino card with TCP / IP link because
the Arduino card has only an rs232 serial link. It adds network connectivity to our arduino by processing
TCP/IP protocol which is required to send and receive data over the internet. The result is that we have to
control a bulb (switch off/on) via internet to demonstrate the possibility of monitoring a complex design.
Keywords: -50(M) module, Arduino, TCP/IP, serial communication
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Embedded telemetry system
Electronics engineering, automation
Guillaume MONCOUYOUX
Academic supervisor: Raphael CANALS
Industrial supervisor: Thierry DESCHAMPS
Company: TechNext
The aim of my project is to develop a C++ driver to sensors like temperature sensors, wave flow sensors
and others. These sensors are wireless and need a particular protocol to communicate. The main difficulty
of this project is to adapt these drivers for an embedded development board which is named Raspberry
PI. This board is a microcomputer which runs with the famous Linux operating system. Consequently, I
must use a cross-compilation tool chain to allow execution of my programs on the Raspberry PI.
Results
The first step of this project was to install the cross-compilation tool chain on my laptop and check if it
runs well. The second step was to develop a serial communication between the electronic board and all
sensors, which is a RS232 serial communication. To finish, I wrote a C++ driver for all sensors to check data
or configure sensors.
Keywords: Industrial automation
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Femtosecond and nanosecond
lasers micro-machining
Production engineering
Jean BONFARNUZZO / Virginie LIOCHON
Academic supervisor: Chantal LEBORGNE
Industrial supervisor: Nadjib SEMMAR
Companies: GREMI Laboratory, Lasoptic,
ST Microelectronics
Selected participant
7th Annual Final Year Projects Forum
Reducing the size of chips eventually led the actors of the microelectronic fields to a technological node:
the precision of wafers engraving and cutting processes. The challenge is to obtain a clean line of 100 µm
width maximum. For this purpose, lasers can be the device of choice. Processed materials are
made of different thin layers stacked on top of each other. The layers interact in various ways
with the laser beam depending on its wavelength, energy and pulse frequency. This project
was motivated by the wish to go over a worldwide technological node: the cutting of tiny-scale
multilayered materials. Furthermore, the use of a cutting-edge technology and uncommon
device, the femtosecond laser, is a great opportunity to explore new physics.
Results
We conducted etching, cutting and engraving processes of several materials with a
nanosecond laser. ST Microelectronics provided us with several samples to investigate, such
as PET or MICA. In general, we noticed that polymers are more easily machined than metals.
The objective is to find the best parameters of the laser operation (its wavelength, power,
frequency, speed, covering, etc.) to optimize the processing of samples. These parameters
are different for each material; therefore, one has to conduct many tests to find the bestmatching parameters. The femtosecond laser is actually not able to etch properly because of
a lack of energy output. We are currently investigating this issue and hope to fix this by the
end of the project.
Keywords: Nanosecond laser, femtosecond laser, micro-machining, drilling, cutting
Contact: [email protected]; [email protected]
POLYTECH ORLEANS
J. Bonfarnuzzo
V. Liochon
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Implementation of fingerprint
recognition system
Smart buildings
Sébastien POLNECQ
Academic supervisor: Remy LECONGE
This project consisted in studying a full fingerprint recognition system. Thus, I had to design and
implement an automatic identity authentification system that uses fingerprints to authenticate the
identity of an individual. The main objective of the project is to study and implement algorithms dedicated
to the fingerprint recognition field in order to allow access to content or space after identification or
authentification by the sensor. Another objective linked to the project is to gain as much insight as
possible into the field of fingerprint recognition. As a result, a study of biometric fingerprint sensors was
conducted to understand their characteristics and how they work.
Results
Project results are expressed in connection with the following section “Project figures”. Figure 1 is the
original image of the fingerprint acquisition. Figure 2 illustrates the results of normalising a fingerprint
image. Normalising the image improves the contrast between the ridges and valleys, as shown in the
figure. The next step is linked to the
histogram equalization where the
brightness distribution of an image
is equalized. To smooth the image,
a median filter is implemented
(Figure 3). Figure 4 demonstrates
that the global thresholding
technique is effective in separating
the ridges from the valleys. Figure
5 shows the results of applying
thinning to the enhanced image.
Figure 6 demonstrates the results
Fig. 1: Fingerprint acquisition
Fig. 2: Normalization
Fig. 3: Median filter
of performing minutiae extraction
on the fingerprint image. Ridge
endings are denoted by blue points,
and bifurcations are denoted by red
points.
Keywords: AFIS, Pattern
Recognition, Pattern Matching,
Fingerprint, Post Processing,
Minutiae Extraction
Fig. 4: Binarisation
Fig. 5: Thinning
Fig. 6: Minutiae extraction
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Infrared analyzes of carbon nanotubes
prepared by plasma
Materials
Constantin DE GUERRY
Academic supervisor: Eva KOVACEVIC
Company: GREMI Laboratory
My objective is to find a method to analyze carbon nanotubes prepared by plasma. Indeed, these
materials are playing an increasingly important role in research for micro- and nanoelectronics but also
in mechanics to improve properties of materials. These nanotubes will be used as connectors for power
electronics components. Ideally, carbon nanotubes are composed of C-C (Carbon-Carbon bounds), but
we also have during the fabrication C-H and C-O bounds (Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Oxygen) which
decrease the quality of nanotubes. That’s why I used the infrared analyses to determine the chemical
composition of nanotubes. The technique used was the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy).
Results
The technique I chose wasn’t the easiest one to use. Indeed, other methods with infrared analyses
could be used like Raman spectroscopy. At first, I made some background measurements to divide the
sample spectrum by them, which allowed removing the effects caused by instrument and atmospheric
conditions. Finally, I could measure the chemical composition of nanotubes thanks to a KBr (potassium
bromide) window and a mechanical piece that I made by myself. However, the results give us mainly
quantitative information of chemical bounds whereas we were looking for qualitative information. So
this technique is very useful to analyze the chemical composition of a sample, but another technique like
Raman Spectroscopy could give us better qualitative results.
Keywords: Infrared analyses,
carbon nanotubes,
nonmaterial,
chemical composition,
FTIR
Device for infrared analysis
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Laser ablation study of ITO thin films
set down on glass
Optical engineering, materials
Clément LESUR / Thomas MAHO
Academic supervisor: Eric MILLON
Industrial supervisor: Vincent LEGOIS
C. Lesur
St. Gobain Sully (SGS) produces armored-heating glazing for the aeronautical, railway and car industries.
These safety elements have some very high optical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. In order to
warm these glazings, SGS deposits thin transparent conducting films on glass which allow de-icing without
decreasing light transmission too much. For some applications, it is necessary to locally ablate the deposit
in order to delimit the heating zone. The aim of this study was then to validate a process of ablation with a
different laser from the one currently used by SGS. For that purpose, the parameters of the laser had to be
defined and optimized. The ablation had to be realized in straight lines. Some microscopic observations
will be done in order to characterize the results and to compare them with the ones obtained at SGS.
T. Maho
Company: St. Gobain Sully
Results
At the beginning of the project, we used an excimer laser with a wavelength of 248 nm. The aim of these
first series of experiments was to become familiar with the equipment. After two weeks, we started
some new experiments with a laser at 266 nm. We changed some parameters, and we observed the
results with a Scanning Electron Microscopy at the CNRS laboratory. This gave us some information about
the way the sample was etched. After this step, our process was optimal, so we tried it with some thicker
samples. Unfortunately, the results were not as good as previously because it was not possible to increase
the frequency of the laser.
Keywords: laser, ablation, glass
Optical system used for the project
Profilometer measurement of the ablated line
SEM observation of the ablated line
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Laser analysis of dusty plasma
Environmental engineering
Sahar HASSANZADEH
Academic and Industrial supervisor: Titaina GIBERT
Company: Gremi Laboratory
Dusts in plasma create difficulties in a few areas like microelectronics. The study of their properties can
allow us to understand these plasmas and to optimize their use. This project took place in this context.
We focused on a laser analysis of argon plasma. The wavelength of the laser was chosen according to the
electronic transition of argon. This laser beam is absorbed by the atoms in the plasma and they reach
a higher level of energy. They have to go down because particles can’t stay excited. During this energy
loss, a ray is emitted called fluorescence. This light has to be detected and studied to determine the
temperature and the density of argon particles.
Results
We analysed our plasma in different areas. We noticed that this plasma is very variable over time, so
between the beginning and the end of our measurements its characteristics had already changed. For
this reason, our acquisitions are not conclusive. We have to find a way to detect the signal in our range
of wavelength more quickly. In spite of this problem, we managed to observe the ray of argon between
667,911 nm and 667,913 nm. We also guess something in higher wavelength, so this can be the next step
of this research.
Keywords: laser beam, fluorescence, detection, dusty plasma
Experimental device
Dusty plasma of argon and our scanning
Laser analysis - LIF
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Graph illustrating the signal detected and the laser ramp in the center of the plasma
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Localization and tracking of a mobile object
Telecommunication
Merouane MOUSSAOUI
Academic supervisor: Karim ABED-MERAIM
The objective of this project is to locate a mobile object by using different source localization methods
based on the determination of the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of the source and this using the signals
observed on network antennas (sensors). This project pertains also to the tracking of a target which is
in motion by knowing its trajectory. For this, the Kalman algorithm used in most location systems and
guiding tip will be considered. A software interface will be created to help to demonstrate the localization
technique and tracking of mobile objects. All this work will be done under the MATLAB environment.
Results
We used different localization methods for determining the direction of arrival of the target, such as the
method of Bartlett, Capon, MUSIC and ESPRIT. And we made a comparison between these techniques.
We also used the Kalman algorithm which allows pursuing a mobile target during its movement. We
create interfaces that demonstrate the localization technique and tracking.
Keywords: DOA: Direction Of Arrival, kalman, ESPRIT
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Location of the disabled by smartphone
Electrical engineering (image processing)
Kamel GUISSOUS
Academic supervisor: Aladine CHATOUANI
Industrial supervisor: PRISME Laboratory
Institution: PRISME Laboratory
Today, Europe has about 15 million visually impaired people with more than 1.7 million in France. To
replace the guidance and tools usually used for detecting obstacles (white cane and guide dog) by
advanced technological tools of navigation and guidance to facilitate and secure their travel and ensure a
good social integration was our goal in this project. The project is to create a location system by artificial
vision for the visually impaired, using a smartphone camera.
Results
The method used comprises two phases: learning and location. The first step consists of creating a map
database and the second step consists of research in the database of the image most similar to that of
a smartphone and calculating the deference to the orientation of the camera between the two images.
The detection of three orthogonal vanishing points and their tracking in a video sequence allowed us to
calculate the orientation of the camera in an image.
Keywords: smartphone, navigation, image processing
Test image
Different positions, for the detection of vanishing points
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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MEMS microdevices
Thomas LOPEZ
Academic supervisor: Rémi DUSSART
The aim of my project is to fabricate one or several MEMS at Polytech Orléans using
recent new equipment in order to show students (during a lab course) the fabrication
steps of a usual MEMS. That means that the device has to be made in a maximum of two
days, and its fabrication will use all the new equipment (Lithography, Etching Reactor,
Probe Station for characterization, etc.). First of all, I will look for the potential devices
for the project and then I will choose two or three of them, obviously thanks to meetings
with my supervisor. Afterwards I will define the fabrication process flow, fabricate masks
of lithography, and fabricate/test/optimize the MEMS. In this project, I need to order
auxiliary equipment for cleaning steps or characterization. I will also need induction to
use the equipment and software. To sum up, I have to prepare the lab course for next
year from start to finish: Process, Fabrication and Characterization.
Results
We decided with Dr. Remi Dussart to create temperature sensors made of titanium
and platinum. We chose this device because its fabrication will use several pieces of
equipment (etching and deposition reactor, lithography, probe station). It is also a way
to show the students other fields in physics: we can imagine connecting our sensor
to a LCD display, or to another electronic system. I used the software “DesignCAD” in
order to design the mask. I have designed different kinds of devices (dimension, circles,
squares, etc.) to study the influence of these parameters on the temperature sensor.
One of my main tasks was to optimize the process flow to create the device. I tested
different recipes and noted the problems encountered, such as the advantages and
disadvantages of each process. We succeeded in finding the best process. At the end
of the project, only the characterization of our electronic devices remained to be done.
Mask of lithography
Clean room in Polytech Orléans
Keywords: MEMS, clean room,
lab course, micro/nano technology
Squares made of Pt and Ti, on a silicon wafer
Squares made of Pt and TI, 20 microns between each square.
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Multichannel processing
Electronic engineering
Bryan YON
Academic supervisor: Rodolphe WEBER
Industrial supervisor: ATCOM Télémétrie
Company: ATCOM Télémétrie
Atcom Télemétrie has designed an emitter which is linked to a gimbals sensor. This emitter sends data to
a receiver fixed in a rally car. For each gimbal, they use one pair of emitter-sensor and one receiver. To
optimize their product, they want to use only one receiver for the four to six emitters that they can install
on the gimbals of the car. My project is to process those six channels with a unique receiver.
Results
The deliverable is not a final product but an electronic program (VHDL code) which corresponds with the
architecture that I suggest implementing in a FPGA (integrated circuit). This FPGA must be the simplest
possible (cheap). To respond to the request, I have to reduce the resources and optimize the architecture.
Keywords: filter, digital processing, multichannel, VHDL, FPGA
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Optimizing a metrology device
based on light scattering
Florian BARONA
Academic supervisor: Laifa BOUFENDI
Interactions of radiation with matter can occur at any scale. Even with nanoparticles, the usual physical
processes happen. Among them is light scattering by these particles. This phenomenon is at stake in the
functioning of some metrology devices. Even though they are already functional and commercialised,
they may present a few slight drawbacks in some situations. This is the context of this industrial innovation
project. The company which contacted Polytech for this project suggested a given area of research I had
to study during these nine weeks in order to either confirm or deny their hypothesis.
Results
This project was divided into three parts. First of all, I had to study in depth the theory behind the whole
process of light scattering. Then, I tested out several configurations related to the area of research we
were given. I used devices similar to those used in practical sessions by students. This allowed me to
confirm that the suggested hypothesis may be interesting. I eventually used the electronic components
used in the devices made by the company so as to check the previous conclusions and to determine
optimal work conditions.
Keywords: light scattering, nanoparticles, optimization, research
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Performance comparison between three
real-time operating systems
Software engineering
Thomas MOREL
Academic supervisor: Raphaël CANALS
Industrial supervisor: David PARDESSUS
Company: Thales
Thales Air Systems wants to benchmark various operating systems (OS) for future projects. We must
determine the best OS for their applications. There are some constraints because these systems are
embedded and applications must work in real time due to Ethernet application. For this, we have to do a
comparison between different real-time OS: Linux, Linux RT and Xenomai. With this comparison, we have
to determine the best OS for our Ethernet application.
Results
At first, we must compile each OS to install the three different OS in the same platform in order to have the
same hardware for the different tests. Then, we must determine the performance criteria, write different
scripts to test the three OS, and write a report on this to determine the best OS for our application.
Keywords: operating system, real-time, Linux, preemption, kernel
Interrupt processing on Xenomai
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Linux versions
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Plasma for liquids treatment
Alexandre RICHARD
Academic supervisor: Olivier AUBRY
Company: GREMI Laboratory
This project deals with the pollution cleanup of fluids, especially water. Liquids, which are often used
in the industrial world in various processes, are released into nature with some contaminants. Water
treatment plants are not capable of treating every contaminant, but can treat drug residuals and other
molecules. In order to remove them, we are studying systems called Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma
Reactor. They enable creation of plasma (4th state of matter) composed of species which are able to
react with the compounds in water. The aim is to study and develop reactors that have a good yield in
water cleanup by analyzing with optical systems the efficiency of the treatment carried out, using a dye
as pollutant. Consequently, when the water becomes clear, it will mean that it is not polluted anymore.
Results
For the absorption spectroscopy, the minimum concentration of Methylene Blue has been determined.
It permitted us to have a beginning of light transmission and exploitable results. The amount of ozone
produced has also been investigated to correlate it with the results obtained for the solutions’ treatment.
A coefficient – the Methylene Blue’s molar absorption coefficient – which links the concentration of the
dye and the intensity of the light measured, has been found. This way, with a simple calculation – the
“Beer-Lambert law” – it is possible to find the final concentration in dye of the solution. Different tests
have been made, by changing various parameters in order to determine what are the most efficient for
the treatment of pollutants. It appears that using a gas mix of 20% oxygen and 80% argon provides the
best results.
Effect of gas composition
Keywords: liquids clean up, plasma, dielectric
barrier discharge, ozone, spectroscopy
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Principle
Visible absorption spectroscopy
Liquid clean-up system
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Power supply for flexible
neon light strips
Cheng CHEN
Academic supervisor: Roger LEDEE
Industrial supervisor: Guy LAMARQUE
The objective of this project is to propose a new power supply which is reliable and stable for all possible
neon light strips. To be more precise, the new power supply is a DC/AC converter, which has to satisfy the
following parameters:
> Input voltage: 12V DC
> Output voltage: 150 V AC (voltage efficient)
> Frequency varies around 1.8 kHz
Results
Now I have tested two existing power supplies, one commercial supply and one supply designed by
previous students at Polytech Orléans. I have understood the principle and made my own circuits to light
the neon light strips, but this goal has not yet been achieved. I’m still trying to solve the problem of the
circuit voltage.
Keywords: inverter, 12VDC-220VAC, 1.8 kHz
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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Scanning the frequency bands to
spy the FM and the 433 MHz
Electrical engineering (radio frequency)
Yassine BENTALEB
Academic supervisor: Rodolphe WEBER
To frame the project and to optimize its realization, the following specifications have
been set up with our manager and the client. The objectives were: detection of
the frequency bands, using the GNURADIO as a software, doing a market research
on various scanners or detectors that exists in the market, and developing a GRCs
file. The objective is to develop a GRN file on the GNURADIO software that allows
detection of different frequency bands, and doing research on the internet to find
the best solution that permits a best reception.
Results
To better answer the functions described in the specification, I have chosen two
solutions. The first is to use an antenna with a USB key (dongle or usb), and this key
is called RTL2838. This device isn’t expensive (approximately 20€). This device is
compatible with different antenna with different frequency ranges. This solution was
chosen because it respects the range of the frequency bands (FM and 433 MHz), as
well as its price. However, it’s a solution that I had at my disposal, and allows me to
start the development in the GNU Radio. Currently, I have succeeding in receiving the
FM bands and also the 433MHz.
Hardware
Keywords: radio, electromagnetic waves, scanning the frequency bands
Hardware
Test at 433MHz sinusoid
Flow diagram
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Six-legged robot
Peng YIN
Academic supervisor: Meryem JABLUN
The purpose of this project is to run a robot which has 6 legs. This robot is constructed with an aluminum
skeleton and 12 servo-motors. The mechanical structure is very simple. My work is more concentrated on
the electronic control system of the robot. At the end of this phase, I have to realize the basic functions of
the robot. It can be controlled manually. Depending on the command, the robot can do movements such
as walk forward and backward, turn left and right, walk at different speeds, etc.
Results
I have already designed the control system and power supply system, programmed the different gaits into
the microcontroller and chosen the peripheral for user commands. The robot can make different motions
depending on a user’s commands.
Keywords: PWM, microcontroller, power supply, gaits
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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31
Studying power evolution
during establishment phase
Soukaina ABABOU
Academic supervisor: Guy LAMARQUE
The value of this project is to help our client to have an idea about the energy consumption of electrical
equipment. At the same time, this project will allow us to measure the values of each equipment and
check the values declared by the manufacturer. The main objective is to observe the evolution of
harmonics during the establishment phase of the current. This process will allow us to identify the nature
of the charge connected to the electrical sector using the characteristics of the spectrogram, because
each charge has its own spectrogram.
Results
To better answer the functions described in the specification, the global idea is:
> to retrieve the current and voltage;
> to measure the power. By observing how the power increases, we can know if it is from a lamp (LED) or
from the radiator, for example;
> to make the diagram time-frequency (spectrogram). This spectrogram can detect the source of the
power, both the frequency signature and the type of energy.
To date, I have succeeded in measuring the right power values, and I’m testing the evolution of the power
in the time-frequency diagram.
Keywords: consumption of electronic devices, spectrogram, energy, power, harmonic
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Technology of development: ARM M0 for
RFID (radio frequency identification) kit
Electronic hardware engineering
Simon LEFILS
Academic supervisor: Jean-Yves CADOREL
Industrial supervisor: Eric DEVOYON
Company: CRESITT
The aim of this project is to replace a µP by ARM for RFID and to understand ARM technology in order to
use it for other applications.
Results
The project consists of changing an older microcontroller for a new-generation one. The microcontroller is
set up on PCB (an electronic card). This PCB enables control of an RFID Tag (Radio Frequency Identification).
The first step is to be able to communicate with the outside and exchange data across different protocols
of communications (I²C, SPI (SSP),
USB and UART). The next step
consists of giving a solution in
order to emulate a UART protocol
with CDC (Connected Device
Configuration). The final step
is to design a PCB card in order
to replace µP (Psoc) with a new
microcontroller (ARM M0). There
are many types of products more
and less powerful which allow
embarking an OS in order to set
up many applications.
Keywords: new technology,
protocols of communications
POLYTECH ORLEANS
ECOTECHNOLOGIES
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33
The water curtain light
Electrical “art” engineering
Jonathan BEZIAS / Thibaut ESCOURROU
Academic supervisor: Titaina GIBERT
J. Bézias
Our project clearly involves several disciplines such as electronics, optics and IT. We had to implement this
system as a presentation to Polytech Orleans and in particular to our Electronics and Optics department.
The main part was to control many water jets individually, flowing down in parallel, using a computer.
Each one can be stopped or started for a determined time. The result should be a water curtain and,
according to how many solenoid valves are closed or opened, some shapes will be drawn (image 5). A LED
lighting system will guide the light through the water (analogy between the water jet and the fiber optic).
We wanted to create a prototype which can be used by another group later and be improved.
T. Escourrou
Results
First, we decided to have ten solenoid valves which are used
in gardening, for example (image 1). Second, we completed
our electronic card which will be used as a switch to turn the
solenoid valves on or off (image 2). The Arduino integrated
development environment was chosen (image 4). Last,
we built a structure made of wood and painted it (image
4). Our prototype was built and works well. The result is a
curtain of water where some letters or drawings appear. Of
course, with only ten solenoid valves, it is difficult to clearly
distinguish them but the next group will implement some
other valves.
Keywords: curtain, electronics, lighting, arduino, solenoid
valves
1. The solenoid valves
2. Our electronic card
4. Our structure
5. A “P” appears
3. The arduino system
POLYTECH ORLEANS
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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Civil Engineering
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Agronomic soil survey
in Burkina Faso
D. Fernandes
Damien FERNANDES / Antoine LE MORLEC
Academic supervisor: Mikael MOTELICA
Institution: ISTO (Earth Sciences Institute)
This study is part of a current research project: BIOSOL. The aim of this project is to improve the
agricultural yields in different regions of Burkina-Faso by promoting new eco-agronomic knowledge to
give sustainable solutions to the development of Burkina-Faso agriculture. There are
several approaches to reach this goal, but our project does not concern the whole of
the BIOSOL project. We are going to focus on only a small part of it: biophysics. The
goal in this domain is, in three years, to improve the scientific knowledge to better
the traditional agricultural practices and promote new techniques to increase cereal
production yields and preserve natural resources such as soils and water.
A. Le Morlec
Results
In a first step, we have done a summary of the existing information about the region in
literature and in previous reports. Then, we have defined an analysis program of soil
samples which were collected by our teacher in February and March, 2012. Finally,
we have crossed results with the yield of fields to determine which of those field soil
parameters are important for cereal production.
Keywords: sustainable growth, pedology, agronomy, food security
Sieve test to determine the part of sand, clay and silt
Destruction of the organic compounds with hydrogen peroxyde
Ph measure of the samples
POLYTECH ORLEANS
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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37
Building structure design:
a construction project of 98
apartments in Amiens, France
Construction
Lauriane BARBERIO / Céline FRICK
Academic supervisor: Naima BELAYACHI-BELAICHE
Industrial supervisor: Sylvain DUPUIS
L. Barberio
Company: EBI
As we have followed the Sustainable Construction option in our education at Polytech Orleans, we
decided to choose this industrial project in order to discover the world of an Engineering Building Office
specialized in the design of building structures. The main aim of this fifth-year industrial project consisted
of working directly with EBI on their current projects by doing the same activities as a real EBI engineer
does in his working life. We had the chance to work on a construction project of 98 apartments divided
into 3 buildings which are located in Amiens. Indeed, we participated in several engineering
assignments like the calculation stages and studies, sizing and computer modeling, by
respecting all the stresses and laws imposed. In addition, as we had an Industrial supervisor,
we could discover the entire working life of an engineer and also all the duties he has to carry
out, which was really interesting and profitable for us, as future engineers.
Results
Here is a summary of all the assignments that we carried out during three months of the
project:
> Taking in hand the project by reading the official documents
> Analyzing the architectural plans
> Drawing the support direction of the slabs (floors) and the limit of the areas of influence
> Making a report of the elements
> Starting the calculation stages (from the different loads put on the elements)
> Correctly sizing all of the structural elements by respecting all of the stresses which were
imposed
> Comparing our results with values given by the software
> Sizing the reinforcing bars that we put in the concrete of structural building elements
> Sizing specific elements like slabs, balconies and foundations
> Making a modeling of the building with the use of GRAITEC ARCHE’s software
C. Frick
Overview of the use of the software GRAITEC ARCHE
Computer modeling of the building
A 3D Overview of the modeling of the building (the ground floor)
As a conclusion of our project, we can say that it was very interesting and essential for our
knowledge of civil engineering. Indeed, we noticed several improvements in our knowledge
in the calculation and sizing of a lot of building structural elements and computer modeling,
too. Moreover, we had the luck to discover the working life of an engineer, which was really
important for us and for the prospects of our engineering careers.
Keywords: construction, buildings, concrete, steel, stresses, calculation stages, sizing,
structural elements, walls, beams, posts, masonry, foundations, slabs, balconies, software
skills, architect plans, building plans
A second 3D overview of the modeling of the building
(the entire structure)
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Characterization of geomaterials’ mechanical
properties by the indentation method
Materials
F. Belloto
Fiona BELLOTO / Aurélie CITTADINI
Academic supervisor: Amna REKIK
The indentation method gives us information about material behavior in the plastic range. This method
gives us some properties of materials like the hardness or the elastic modulus. The first part of our project
consists of doing bibliographic searches about the indentation method in order to understand all the
elements about this subject and acquire the basics. By searching through the literature and
websites, we were able to define the main contents and notions that we will have to explain
in our project. This knowledge will allow us to start the second part of our project which
consists of modeling and simulating the behavior of a material during the hardness test. In
this part, we model the indentation test with a simulation software called Cast3m. Then,
simulation results are compared to experimental results.
Results
Classical hardness tests consist of putting an indenter with a well-defined geometry in the
surface of the material sample using a known test force. Instrumented indentation is based
on the same method. This technique was improved to get other properties of materials.
Instead of measuring only the indent size or depth, after the total force has been removed,
instrumented indentation utilizes specific instrumentation to continuously record the
displacement of the indenter as it penetrates into the sample. From the records, a load/
unload curve is generated. Through analytical method and developed algorithms, we can
easily determine desired material properties. With Cast3m, we model the indentation test
and extract the stress/strain curve. Then we are able to compare with the experimental
results and to draw conclusions on the precision of the test.
A. Cittadini
Indentation curve of an elasto-plastic material
S imulation results of the indentation test :
a) stress field b) strain field
Steps of the indentation test: a) Indenter movement b) Load/Time curve
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Comparison of the numerical and the experimental results
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39
Construction of a housing estate
“ZAC de la Cerisaille”
Construction
Bastien LALECHERE / Charles-Edouard RICHEBE
Academic supervisor: Jean-Marie SCHAFF
Industrial supervisor: Samuel CHARRIER
B. Lalechere
Company: Travaux Publics du Val de Loire
Our work consists of studying the various documents which would enable the company to reply to an
invitation to bid. We use blueprints and specifications gathered by TPVL. Moreover, various software
available at school, such as AutoCAD and MENSURA, will enable us to complete our project successfully.
We have to take precise measurements. We have to study the rainfall and wastewater runoff and the
utility network, so we will make theoretical calculations on EXCEL and write a calculation report. We
have to make a costing of the works. This project allows us to prepare our future professional life. Indeed,
we have to work on software we will use when we work, and must think as experienced engineers and
suggest solutions to various problems with which we are faced.
C-E. Richebe
Results
First, we took the measurements of the whole project. These measurements will be the base of the
costing. Then, we started to study the sanitation part of the project and we wrote a calculation report in
order to verify the sizing of the rainfall and wastewater runoff. We found results that matched with the
estimations made by TPVL. Then we suggested two variations of road structures for each kind of road
(primary and tertiary public road network) presented in the project. We had to show that the variations
were both technically and economically viable. We then wrote a report in which we described the
implementation and the costing
of the most important tasks of
the project. Finally, we suggested
a variation of planning and a
global costing of the project.
Keywords: sanitation,
construction, housing estate,
costing, measurements
Global blueprint of the project
Section of the road
Illustration of the project by the architect
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Construction of a roundabout
Construction
Dorian HELOU / Mahamat HISSEIN
Academic supervisor: Laurent JOSSERAND
Industrial supervisor: Julie BEHRA
Institution: General Council of the Loiret
Our project is to make a complete study of the construction of a roundabout. Our
work consists of several parts. In the sanitation part, we determined the location
of different catchments and calculated their flows which allowed us to size the
storm water retention pond and collection system. With the software Alizé, we
checked that the different structures proposed in the CCTP (special technical
specifications) by the coordination manager were correct. Once both sides were
finished we determined the quantities of labour and materials necessary for the
project, the work schedule and the total cost of the project. In the last part, we
had to carry out variants to optimize the basic solution. We proposed a solution
in terms of pavement structures. That is to say, we will suggest other alternative
materials to those proposed in the CCTP.
Results
The realization of this project has allowed us to put into practice the knowledge
acquired during our training at Polytech Orléans. During this study, which we
conducted in response to a call for tenders for the construction of a roundabout,
we were able to determine the dimensions of sanitation pipes. We also designed a
storm water retention pond with a capacity of 58m3. We are also very familiar with
the software AutoCAD and Alizé, which are essential for this type of study. We have
established quantity surveys that have enabled us to have the cost of the project
which amounts to 861 623,27€. We then proposed alternative solutions that have
enabled us to optimize the project by gaining time and money.
Cross-section
Catchments and sanitation
Keywords: roundabout, road construction, sanitation, pavement structures,
costing
Overview of project
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Different structure of road
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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41
Construction of a roundabout and widening
of a road in an existing intersection using
the software GeoMacao
Construction
Gil FERNANDES ABADE / Rémi FREITAS
Academic supervisor: Laurent JOSSERAND
Industrial supervisor: Jeremy LUCY
G. Fernandes Abade
Company: IRIS Conseil
The aim of this project is to construct a roundabout in an intersection and to widen an existing road. We
worked with the company IRIS CONSEIL which gave us some information about the soil in place and which
checked our choices for this construction. The entire project was realized with the software “GeoMacao”
and through this virtual model we estimated the quantity of materials that we needed and that we had
in excess. We also created all the new hydraulic structures close to the roundabout and the new road
according to the rules imposed by the SETRA and finally created the final plans of this project. These plans
have to be clear to explain all our choices and permit to check all the calculus we did.
R. Freitas
Results
Our final project was approved by the academic and the industrial supervisors and respects almost all
of the rules imposed by the SETRA. However, sometimes the conditions of the site did not permit us to
apply all the rules, so we had to find the closest solutions to these. Finally, our solutions weren’t exactly
the same as the company but both were possible. As for the hydraulic structures, we started the calculus
with the method learnt at school but our industrial supervisor advised us to use another method more
frequently used. Another difficulty was to connect the existing road with the new one because we tried
to limit destruction to take advantage of the existing road’s materials and save time and money during
the construction.
Keywords:
roundabout,
virtual model,
hydraulic,
cubing,
GeoMacao
Big picture of the project
Example of connection between the existing road and
the new road
Intersection currently in place
Longitudinal section
Zoom on the roundabout
Cross-section
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Durability of
restoration mortar
Civil Engineering
Fanny BILLON / Coralie NOVELLI
Academic supervisor: Marwen BOUASKER
During a restoration, the history of a monument and its authenticity must be respected. The restoration
mortar used must have the same spirit, appearance and mechanical properties as the former one.
However, causes of its degradation must also be taken into account in order to ensure the sustainability of
the new mortar put in place. In addition, it must be reversible (not definitive) and compatible with stones
of the building in order not to cause more damage. All in all, the restoration mortar must respect esthetic,
mechanical and hydraulic criteria as follows: a compatibility with the stones constituting the building, a
good mechanical strength, a good elasticity, a permeability to water vapor, and an impermeability
to water streaming. We therefore changed the amount of binder in mortar, its composition and
the size of the sand to see the influence of each one. We will work on four different formulas.
Results
We performed mechanical and hydraulic tests on each formula in order to compare their
properties. First, we saw that the percentage of binder has an important influence on mechanical
properties. In fact, these properties are better when the amount of binder is higher. The binder
confers to mortar its ductile and elastic character, which permits the material to withstand
important stresses. Then, we didn’t notice significant differences between mortars not composed
of the same grading, except for shear stress where cohesion and friction angle change. The
properties of our formulas are close to the ones of the mortar sold in shops. To finish, we also
noticed that the properties become higher with maturation. Therefore, we can imagine that these
properties will be improved with time.
Keywords: mortar, restoration, mechanical
and hydraulic tests
Our samples
Measure of the evolution of length
Stone-mortar incompatibility
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Tensile test
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43
Economic optimization of a
composite bridge
Civil Engineering
Yoann MENEAU / Edouard OLIVIER
Academic supervisor: Hamidreza RAMEZANI
Industrial supervisor: Stéphane PAUVERT
Company: Baudin Chateauneuf
Y. Meneau
The aim of this project was to study a composite bridge. This bridge is composed of two steel beams and
two concrete slabs: one slab at the top of the bridge and one at the bottom. The slab at the bottom of the
bridge was not studied in the structure of the bridge in the calculation done by Baudin-Chateauneuf, so
we had to study the possible good effects of this slab in order to decrease the steel section. We changed
the geometry of the structure and did an economic conclusion to see if taking this slab in the structure is
really beneficial.
E Olivier
Results
We created two different models of calculation: one which was similar to Baudin’s model and a second
one which used the slab at the bottom of the bridge. We found that using the second model allowed us
to decrease the constraints by 10% in the best case. However, this benefit was present only on the pier of
the bridge. The project was done during too short a period of time to make a solid economic analysis, and
we were therefore able to have only a small idea of how much steel could be removed. Our work is more
a tool for Baudin-Châteauneuf to use as they continue to make a more precise analysis.
Keywords: composite bridge, steel, concrete
Longitudinal section of the bridge
Cross section of the bridge
Numerical model
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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Environmental impact of wastes incineration
residues: eventuality of chromium pollution
Geoffrey PONTHIER / Claire SEGUY
Academic supervisors: Lydie LE FORESTIER, Stanislas SIZARET
Industrial supervisors: Jose-Luiz ALMEIDA, Daniel MOIGNARD
G. Ponthier
Company: CIDEME, groupe TIRU
Our project consists of studying pollution created in the process of waste incineration. The incinerator
of Gien has encountered certain issues: one of its residues is polluted. More precisely, the director of
the factory thinks that the problem comes from the content in Chromium. Before
regulation changes, this content did not pose any problems as residue was classified in
non-hazardous waste groups. The new regulation imposes a classification of residue
into hazardous waste groups. Thus, the factory is spending more money to treat their
residue, which is why they want to find the cause of the pollution.
Results
There is more chromium at the beginning of the cycle and fewer and fewer gradually
hammers fall into disrepair. This fact can seem normal because hammers had just
been changed. We can notice that cyclone slag contains more chromium than boiler
slag or RPIFHW. This shows that there is a real issue with cyclone slag. Furthermore,
the laboratory analyzed the oxidation state of chromium. The chromium is mainly
present as Cr3+ or Cr6+, and the form Cr6+ is dangerous for health. Results show that
the residues are mostly composed of Cr6+. With a mass balance, we concluded that
the chromium does not come only from hammers because the quantity of chromium
in residues is more significant than in hammers. Using a scanning electron microscope,
we found chromium particles in slag.
C. Séguy
Diffraction diagram
Keywords: waste,
chrome, pollution,
legislation,
environment
Evolution of total chromium in different residues
Sampling with Mr. Almeida
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Chromium particles (electron microscope)
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45
EHPAD Raymond Poulain
refurbishment cost estimation
Urban planning
Vincent TRANNOIS / Cédric VEZIEN
V. Trannois
The goal of the project is to design the sewage system and the road structure situated around an existing
building. This building is the EHPAD Raymond Poulain, situated in Saint Jean de la Ruelle, close to the
eastern ringroad. An EHPAD is a retirement house for people who have reduced mobility. During the first
month of the project, we designed all of its elements (sewage system, road structure, electrical system,
etc.). It was not easy because the blueprints are not very clear so we made some hypotheses. In the
second part of the project, we drew up a quote, a planning of works and the carbon footprint.
C. Vezien
Results
The new sewage system, the road structure, electrical system, gas system and telephone systems have
been designed. For each task we estimated how many workers would be needed, the amount of materials,
and which machines would give the best performance. At the end we determined the cost estimate of the
project. We also did a 3D modification with Mensura software.
Keywords: blueprints, sewage system, planning, cost estimate, roads
Legend
Figures
Survey length
310 hours
Working area
13 213 m²
Working length estimation
195 days
Cost estimation
612 790.68 €
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Evaluation of two restoration techniques
of a Roman statue, Repture Project
Materials
Ndeye GUEYE / Gary NIVET
Academic supervisor: Dashnor HOXHA
Industrial supervisor: Lysiane AUBRY
PRISME Laboratory, CRMD, Polytech Orléans,
SCUPLT Laboratory, Région Centre
In 2007, a Roman statue of Neptune was found in the Rhone River next to Arles. This statue made of
marble weighs 266 kg, measures 1.80 m and is broken into four parts. Our two objectives are to:
> Ensure the stability of the statue during permanent exhibitions after restoration
> Ensure the stability of the structure during transport (presence of vibrations)
This study provides a rationale for the empiric practice of restoration and could be extended to other
types of damage (cracking, ageing, etc.). We used two types of restorations for this statue: a
non-destructive method which consists of sticking the different parts with epoxy glue, and a
destructive technique which consist of putting cable and piles inside the statue.
Results
For the evaluation, we used two modeling softwares: FLAC 3D and IMPACT. After having
modeled the statue with its two types of restoration (glue and cable), we studied the
stability of each technique with FLAC 3D. We concluded that the first technique (glue) is
more efficient. Indeed, the structure had a displacement of 0.1 mm with the glue technique,
whereas displacement was about 5 mm with mechanical restoration (cable). We then
studied the movement of the structure during a vibration cycle, representing transport in a
lorry. We also simulated an impact during which the lorry had to brake (FLAC 3D). Finally, we
worked with IMPACT software, enabling us to show the result of a drop during an exhibition.
We noticed that this dynamic study is only possible with restoration by glue.
Keywords: statue, restoration, static study, dynamic study, history
Damaged Neptune statue
Location of cable and piles for the mechanical
restoration technique
Neptune statue after
mechanical restoration
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Displacement front and back for the first technique
(in meters)
Displacement front and back for the second
technique (glue)
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47
Geological and hydrogeological studies
of the risks related to the chasms and
cavities in the area of Mardié
Romain LOUVANCOUR / Alexandre SLIWA
Academic supervisor: Christian DEFARGE, Nevila JOZJA
Industrial supervisor: Mardié town hall
R. Louvancour
Institution: the community of Mardié
A quarry will be open soon and we have to know if it would impact the water in this area. The main
subject is the preparation and the realization of the operation of following the water. The aim of following
water is to determine the direction of it. Actually, we don’t know where the water from the future quarry
goes. That is a problem because some contaminated water can go into the groundwater and be pumped
for citizen consumption. To know the movement of the water, we are going to inject a product in some
chasms and cavities which are full of water. The product is harmless but detectable by us. The next step
is to pump water in different places. If the water from the chasms and cavities goes to the injection area,
we will find the product after the water analysis.
A. Sliwa
Results
We have already decided where we would inject the product. If we inject something, it’s to determine
where the water goes. We decided, with our teachers, on the different points where the water can
go. Those points will be followed by getting samples every week. To determine those points we made
different kinds of work: geological and hydrological.
Geological: We created the geological cross-section of Mardié with information from drilling. We analyzed
80 drillings.
Hydrological: We collected different maps to create the curves of levels. We also went on-site to analyse
some water samples to get the temperature, the concentration of some ions and the conductivity of the
water. We determined different interesting areas for our project and we are waiting for the authorization
for the injection.
Keywords: water, hydrology, geology, pollution, quarry
POLYTECH ORLEANS
48
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Study of geomaterials deterioration
Materials
Redouane ABOU WAKIL / Redouane HASSOUNI
Academic and industrial supervisor: Amna REKIK
R. Abou Wakil
This project deals with the study of geomaterials deterioration, especially bituminous mixes. The aim is
to characterize, model and simulate the rheological behavior of bitumen under mechanical solicitations.
R. Hassouni
Results
After a bibliographical study on the origin, composition and the manufacturing process of bituminous
materials, we carried out the characterization tests related to these type of geomaterials (Ring and Ball
test, needle penetrability test, etc.). Before starting the simulation part, we introduced different models
(Kelvin-Voigt’s and Maxwell’s) which represent the viscoelasticity of the material and they are basically
made of a spring and a linear shock absorber. In order to simulate the behavior of the bituminous material,
we resorted to using computer software named “Cast3M” which is based on finite element modeling and
has “Gibiane” as a programming language. This software was developed by the CEA (Atomic Energy and
Alternative Energies Commission).
Keywords: geomaterials, deterioration
Measurement of the softening point using the ring-and-ball test
Needle penetrability test
Linear shock absorber and spring representation
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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49
Historical heritage conservation:
desalination of construction stones
Materials
Edouard FAVRET / Baca SY
Academic supervisor: Muzahim AL MUKHTAR
E. Favret
Our subject deals with the desalination of construction stones. Basically, this concerns old constructions
and how they are attacked by various natural effects such as wind, water and especially salt. To cure
damage such as cracking, crumbling and erosion, scientists have discovered various techniques. During
this project, we focused our study on one specifically, which is salt extraction by poulticing. To learn more
about this method, we searched and read a lot of documentation on the subject. In fact, with the help
of our teacher, we had access to some of the most famous writing by highly specialized scientists. The
main idea was to know more about how those poultices are made and how far this technique has been
developed, and how it is applied in an industrial context. We then wrote a summary of those writings to
present our research.
B. Sy
Results
At the moment, the salt extraction by poulticing industry is rather new and is not yet well-developed.
Still, large amounts of research are currently conducted because it is a great technique with good results.
In the future, we may see many more firms using this process to cure old buildings. We learnt in details
how the whole process is done, and our writing explains more about it. However, basically the concept
is to apply a poultice on the salt-infected stone. The water infiltrates the stone and brings with it ions,
which, when water evaporates, are transformed into salt crystals. The poultice is generally made of clay,
cellulose compounds and other compounds (for example, viscose sponges, rock wool, etc.). By diffusion,
the salt in the stone moves to the poultice, which, when it is removed, cleans the salt from the stone.
Keywords: desalination, porous, ion transport, salt extraction, diffusion
a) Porous materials contaminated with salt and wet compress
b) Application of the compress: water penetration into the substrate and
dissolving crystalline salts within the porous network of the substrate
c) Transport of dissolved salts of the porous materials to the compress
d) Removing the salt compresses charged substrate and desalted
POLYTECH ORLEANS
50
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Hydrogeological diagnosis of a
municipal swimming area
Chloé BAZILE / Théo-Paul HANS
Academic supervisors: Stéphane BINET,
Christian DEFARGE, Nevila JOZJA
Institutions: City of Orléans, CETRAHE
We are students in Geosciences and Environment and decided to choose the subject about Charlemagne
Island, a sports and recreation park near Orléans. While in his fourth year of studies, Théo worked on this
theme with one of his co-workers, especially about the determination of groundwater
participation in the composition of Charlemagne Island water. Moreover, Chloé
worked for the town hall regarding Charlemagne Island, particularly about the bathing
area observation. This study was necessary because of the discovery of cyanobacteria
on some days in summer, which made the city hall close the swimming area a few
days. Moreover, the proliferation of algae makes navigation tough and swimming
unpleasant. The growth of these aquatic plants increases the basicity of water without
interpretable reasons.
Results
To solve these problems, a complete study of the water’s quality was conducted.
Several sampling campaigns of water and sediment, and also monitoring of the
groundwater levels of the lake and the Loire, were therefore made. Through
these studies, we will propose solutions and recommendations to the city hall
which will approve and announce their conclusions in order to allow swimming
and nautical sports.
Water analysis
Keywords: hydrogeological
Algae in Charlemagne Island
pH cartography of park recreation
POLYTECH ORLEANS
C. Bazile
Water level over time
T-P. Hans
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51
Impact of atmospheric pollution
on Chambord rock
Laura CAMBE / Jonathan DE OLIVEIRA
Academic supervisor: Hoang HA, Dashnor HOXHA
L. Cambe
Our goal for this project was to understand the cause of the degradation of the castle Chambord.
Chambord was built with tuffeau, a rock which comes from the Centre Region and which has been used
for many constructions since the 16th century. With time, we can see some damage to this rock and
sometimes there are parts which break away. To stop the degradation from spreading, we have to think
about what is responsible for this. We have different ways of working: atmospheric pollution is for us
responsible for the creation of gypsum, the main cause of the degradation. In this atmosphere, we have
a lot of chemical components which interact with tuffeau components. Our objective is to find these
interactions.
J. De Oliveira
Results
Using the software “Hydrus”, we can imitate a piece of rock of 30 centimeters in real weather conditions.
We applied the real rainfall for one year, the temperature, and the atmospheric pollution to it. We were
looking for the formation of S042- on the rock because gypsum is made when there is S042- in the rock
with no water for the precipitation. The results of our experiments showed that even in an extreme case
such as acid rain like that in China being applied on the rock for one year, there is not enough S042- to
create the quantity of gypsum we found on the damage to Chambord
Rock.
Keywords: pollution, tuffeau, hydrus, degradation
Concentration in real conditions of SO42- for one year
Degradation of the rock
Concentration in real conditions of gypsum for one year
POLYTECH ORLEANS
52
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Infrared thermography applied to
the detection of deterioration of
historical monuments
Pauline CORROT / Elisabeth HUART
Academic and industrial supervisors: Kévin BECK, Xavier BRUNETAUD
Institution: CNRS
This industrial project consists of detecting the deterioration of historical monuments. The aim is to use a
thermal imaging infrared camera as a tool to prevent damage to the stone. We learned to use the thermal
imaging infrared camera, which detects infrared waves, and we wrote an instruction manual for the
camera and its software. We also observed the campus with the camera. For instance, we found thermal
phenomena on the radio building. This project is composed of two parts. First, we will use this camera
to do a field study at the famous castle of Chambord and, more specifically, we will focus on the process
of damage caused by moisture and climate. Second, we will carry out laboratory experiments modeling
the climatic phenomena such as heating, cooling and evaporation. In the laboratory, conditions such as
temperature, humidity and sun impact are controlled and known to minimize the artefacts.
Results
In the first part, we selected five areas. On the one hand, they were scanned using the infrared camera.
On the other hand, a “knock-knock test” was also performed on the frontage to confirm the presence of
invisible cracks. The comparison between this test and thermographies proves the efficiency of the infrared
camera to detect damage in the limestone. In the second part, for each experiment, the temperature of
the samples was recorded with the help of the infrared camera at regular time intervals. The results
of measurements were obtained after treatment with a computer software. These experiments could
be applied on the castle of Chambord to correlate the results with the reality. The infrared camera can
pinpoint the deteriorated areas. It could be used to show the progress of deterioration after some
time (likely after ten years) and may be used to predict future deterioration in order to better plan the
restoration of historical monuments.
Keywords: thermography, infrared, deterioration, monuments
Thermography of the castle of Chambord
Our wall of experiments
POLYTECH ORLEANS
P. Corrot
E. Huart
Result of the knock knock test
Thermography of a rock
Photography of a rock
Example of graph: heating
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53
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a quarry
to turn it into water tank
Materials
Julie LEVEAU / Marion RICHARD
Academic supervisor: Chantal PROUST
Industrial supervisor: Christian COURSIER
J. Leveau
Companies: Cemex, La Ligérienne, Arund’eau
We carried out a study on the rehabilitation of a quarry at the end of its exploitation. More precisely, we
thought about the possibility of turning the quarry into a water tank that farmers would be able to use.
We saw the technical, economical and administrative aspects of the project.
M. Richard
Results
At the end of the study we discovered that such a project is not really useful in the Centre region because
farmers here do not need much more water and there is not enough rainfall to fill the quarry. We can,
however, point out the fact that such a water tank can be used in another context: to extinguish forest
fires, for example. To conclude, we can say that to realize this kind of project, we have to take into account
the type of soil, the localization, the rainfall, etc., and all of these parameters are very important because
the success of the rehabilitation depends on them.
Keywords: quarry, rehabilitation, water tank
Structure of the geomembrane on the ground
Quarry turns into a water tank in Vendéeground
Quarry of Beauviiliers (CEMEX)ground
POLYTECH ORLEANS
54
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Remediation of soils polluted with sulfate
copper and CCA with the use of mineral
soil-enrichment products (slags)
Guillaume CAGNON / Adrien RENAUD
G. Cagnon
Academic supervisors: Lydie LEFORESTIER,
Mikael MOTELICA-HEINO
Institutions: Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO),
Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Bordeaux (INRA Bordeaux)
The purpose of the project is to determine the benefits of an addition of different slags in a polluted soil
with copper and CCA (copper, chrome, and arsenic) by analyzing first the speciation of copper in the soil
matrix and second its impact on the growth of dwarf beans. This project fits into the study started by M.
Mench from the INRA of Bordeaux, whose aim is to develop phytoremediation methods (the use of plants
to remove a pollutant from a soil).
Results
We made a summary of all of the research done in France, especially by the team of M. Mench from
INRA, but also in Sweden by J. Kumpiene, which allowed us to understand clearly the objectives of the
project and also the experiments that would have been relevant to perform. The few results we have
are consistent with those present in the literature: the copper concentration in the untreated soil is
higher than the enriched ones and the pH is more acid. Also, plants grow better in enriched soils than in
untreated soil.
Keywords: phytoremediation, copper, CCA, slags, bioavailability, sequential extractions
Dwarf beans and lighting system
Assembly for extraction of the
organic matter fraction
Assembly to recover the soil solution and
the bioavailable copper fraction (DGT)
POLYTECH ORLEANS
A. Renaud
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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55
Sludge dehydration in
water treatment plant
Guillaume PEREIRA MARQUES / Guillaume VIGINIAT
Academic supervisor: Chantal PROUST
Industrial supervisors: Marc GOMBART, Christian COURSIER
G. Pereira Marques
Company: Deshyplus
The result of water treatment in sewage substations, sludge is the subject of many processes with the
objective of increasing the number of development opportunities. Therefore, the aim of the prototype
is to provide a system which makes it possible to reduce
the operating cost of the sludge and at the same
time maintain the possibility of development. That is
how the prototype can be installed in all the sewage
substations of a population of 5 to 15,000 and the
system can be implemented for all types of sludge. We
worked on a project based on a tool which dehydrates
sludge in water. We had to develop the Deshyplus
process in a laboratory and in a water treatment plant.
Results
In a first phase, we started with a set of laboratory tests
which allowed us to obtain information for the design
of the tool. We took the experimental test previously
established by another group of students in
charge of the project in 2011-12 and we studied
the contact time between the sludge and
reagents. We then worked on the installation
of the new prototype and the restart of all the
components of the tool. The initial goal is to
have a marketable engine but new problems
appeared such as the traction of the filtration
fabric. Finally, we have solutions but we have to
wait for the intervention of the SPF team on the
engine for the last modifications.
G. Viginiat
Water treatment plant of Beaugency
Keywords: test, laboratory, sludge,
dehydration, water treatment plant
Reagents preparation
Sludge conditioning
POLYTECH ORLEANS
56
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Straw concrete, a renewable and cheap material
with high thermal insulation capacity
Materials
Institutions: Polytech Orléans,
University of Orléans, Région Centre,
PRISME Laboratory, CRMD, CNRS
Pauline BARRET / Thomas BIGORGNE
Academic supervisors: Naïma BELAYACHI,
Marwen BOUASKER
P. Barret
The project aims at developing an optimal composition of straw concrete, which would have high thermal
insulation properties and would be able to bear its own weight. In order to find this optimal composition,
several tests will be carried out on straw concrete samples. The first step was to ascertain the composition
of the mixture that had the best thermal insulation capacity and mechanical resistance,
testing different types of straw and cement, with different ratios of quantity. The second
was to test previous formulations regarding the accelerated ageing principle, with an eye to
knowing their behaviour under the effects of atmospheric and climatic conditions once the
straw concrete is used as thermal insulation inside the wall of houses. Finally, the last step
will be to check the real efficiency of the material through the construction of test houses.
Results
We are working at present on the production of straw concrete in order to get ready for
the accelerated ageing tests. The concrete production has nevertheless required the straw
grinding, and the latter, added to the production itself, took a lot of time. The optimal
compositions were found during the first step, so we are producing concrete made of two
straws: wheat and barley. However, only one specific combination of ratios was chosen,
since it fulfilled the required conditions of the tests and the particular type of straw. Wheat
and barley are both supposed to answer the best to thermal insulation and mechanical
tests, so they will undergo accelerated ageing tests once prepared. Our participation in the
project began at the end of the first step and will end at the beginning of the ageing tests
processes.
T. Bigorgne
Straw concrete removed from the mould
Prismatic sample under flexion test
Materials needed to create straw concrete
Straw concrete after mixing
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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57
Study of the hydration phenomenon
of cement paste
Materials
Erol OCAKLI
Academic supervisor: Hamidréza RAMEZANI
My project is about the hydration phenomenon of cement paste. Cement is a fine grey powder made
of a mixture of 80% calcined limestone and 20% clay, in a rotary cylindrical kiln of about 7m and heated
to 1450°C. It is used with water and sand to make mortar, or with water, sand, and aggregate to make
concrete. When mixed only with water, it becomes ‘cement paste’. Cement hydration starts when
anhydrous cement is combined with water. Due to the characteristics developed after hydration (high
compressive strength), their low cost and ease of use, cements are very often used in the manufacture
of civil engineering structures. Cements are largely responsible for the long-term behavior of concrete
material. In order to know the durability and the resistance of a cement concrete, we will model chemical
reactions of cement hydration on the software Comsol, a numerical simulator based on the finite element
method, according to Papadakis’ (1991) mathematical approach.
Results
After a bibliographical study, we discovered that cement is composed of clinker, gypsum, and other minerals
(see figure 1). Clinker is the substance obtained from the kiln of the mixture 80% calcined limestone and
20% clay. It is composed of about 60% C3S (tricalcium silicate), 22% C2S (dicalcium silicate), 8% C3A
(tricalcium aluminate), 10% C4AF (tetracalcium aluminoferrite). Chemical reactions of cement hydration
are mainly from the four mineral phases of clinker C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF (see figure 2). We modelled them
on Comsol in order to see the concentrations of the components of clinker and the porosity
of cement paste in function of time (see figure 3 and 4). For that, we solved the differential
equation of portland cement hydration from the analytical solution given by Papadakis.
Figure 3 shows a prediction of the long-term chemical behavior of the portland cement, that
is to say its durability. Figure 4 shows the resistance of portland cement over time.
Keywords: cement paste, hydration, chemical reactions, modeling, finite element method
Figure 2: Hydratation reactions of portland cement
Figure 3: Evolution of the molar concentrations of the constituents
of the cement according to time logarithmic
Figure 1: The components of cement
Figure 4: Evolution of the porosity of the cement according to time
logarithmic
POLYTECH ORLEANS
58
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Tender offer for a gymnasium in Darvoy
Construction
Alexandre BOUTTER / Raphaël DIAN
Third Place
Our project is a response to a public call for tenders concerning roads construction, water sanitation and
drainage, and earthworks. We also worked on some software, Alize, which helped us to design the road
parts, and we designed the whole project with Geomensura to compare the software water drainage
calculation with our manual calculation. We chose this project mainly because it is a real project, with all
the problems we can have: mistakes on the drawings, lack of information for some parts of the project,
etc. Moreover, these technical aspects, the planning and the commercial aspects, also interested
us because they will be part of our job in a few months.
Results
As a result, we achieved all the calculations for water sanitation and drainage (we improved it,
comparatively to the original drawings), as we did for the roads. We also added some aspects to
our project. First, in an educational perspective, we searched for some alternative propositions
for the roads to see if we can have the same durability, but cheaper. Moreover, we took part in the
“Forum des projets”, so we used a function in Geomensura to design the
whole project in 3D, to help the audience see how the project will be at
the end. We also did a carbon balance between the propositions for the
roads to see the most eco-friendly.
Keywords: public work, Loire Valley
Southeast view of the project
Original drawing for water sanitation and drainage, dry utilities
Southwest view of the project
POLYTECH ORLEANS
A. Boutter
R. Dian
Southwest view of the original field
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59
3D modelisation of architectural models
Materials
Grégoire DAMBO / Elodie DELABARRE
Academic supervisor: Xavier BRUNETAUD
G. Dambo
Institutions: Polytech Orléans, University of Orléans, FRAC Centre
We are working under Mr Brunetaud’s supervision and in cooperation with the FRAC, “Fonds Régional
d’Art Contemporain”. They collect many architectural masterpieces and want us to find a way to build
a 3D image of all the models and artworks they keep in a warehouse. In order to complete the project,
we are working on two methods of 3D aquisition: the 3D laser scan used by Mr. Brunetaud
and photogrametry, which consists of taking several photos of the target with a very highdefinition camera from different angles. Then, again with an image processing software, we
can build the 3D image directly from the photos. This method is the one on which our project
is focusing. The project consists of choosing the best method to represent the target. We have
to create several procedures to follow to get the best image quality.
Results
Despite the fact that photogrametry gave satisfying results, this method showed its limitations
many times during the project. Indeed, regarding the results we had, we can conclude that
photogrametry is not adapted for reflecting materials, homogeneous colors and very small
details. In order to achieve these results, we selected four models to highlight the limits of
the software calculation. However, to compensate for errors, we worked on the software
possibilities with a MicMac 3D specialist, Mr. Janvier. By working together, we managed to find
many tricks to improve calculation accuracy, like forcing the computation to look for forgotten
points. We think that photogrametry has promise in both civil engineering and architecture to
build an accurate 3D modelisation quickly, easily and at low cost. Indeed, in civil engineering
we can imagine that we could follow construction site progress or control quality thanks to
photogrametry. However, this future is plausible only if the software becomes easier to handle.
E. Delabarre
FRAC model, Szekely
FRAC Model, Szekely
Keywords:
3D modelisation,
photogrametry,
architecture
FRAC model, Szekely
3D modelisation
POLYTECH ORLEANS
60
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Water-repellent treatment of buildings
Paul BEAUDOIN / Arnaud DIGUER
Academic supervisor: Kevin BECK
P. Beaudoin
During this project, we have to carry out some imbibition tests that will allow us to observe the efficiency,
the durability and the compatibility of two water-repellent products on different construction materials:
cement, lime, brick, Sebastopol stone, Richemont stone and tuffeau. The names of our waterrepellent products are: “Protect Guard”, which is used by professionals, and “Sika” which is used
by private individuals. We have to create 209 samples and we will make 2376 measures each
day to observe the durability and the compatibility of the two products. These values will be
integrated into Excel® files that will allow us to obtain some curves. These curves will probably
show the weakening of the water-repellent products.
Results
Through the 209 samples that we have created and the 2376 measures that we have made
each day, we could observe the durability and the compatibility of our two water-repellent
products. The values integrated into Excel® files allowed us to obtain some curves. They have
perfectly shown the weakening of the water-repellent products. Currently, they begin to show
some signs of fatigue: some colors appear, some salt crusts, too, and the samples absorb more
and more water every day. We have also built four low stone walls that will be used for some
scientific shows. The materials used are brick and Tuffeau, and the mortars are cement and
lime. We have done everything, such as the cutting of the materials in order to have some
small-scale stones.
Low-stone walls with different materials
Keywords: water-repellent, treatment, efficiency, durability, compatibility
Core drilling of the materials
One of leaching cycle
Treatment of our samples
Cutting of material with the saw
POLYTECH ORLEANS
A. Diguer
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61
Mechanical Engineering
POLYTECH ORLEANS
62
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Aerodynamic and dynamic study
of an oscillating wind fin
Energy
Samuel AHOVI / Sébastien BABIELLE
Academic supervisor: Philippe DEVINANT
Industrial supervisor: Alain CREVEAU
Company: AJC Concept
Two configurations dominate the wind turbine market: the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and the
vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The rotation axis of a HAWT machine is horizontal with the rotor system
supported by a tower. Tall towers typical of HAWT designs provide the machine with access to high winds
and therefore more energy production potential. These designs require a means to turn the rotor into the
wind such as a weather vane or yaw control. The axis for VAWT machines is vertical. These configurations
are typically less costly to construct, but often suffer from low starting torque. Both HAWT and VAWT
configurations are not without problems. The wind fin (WF) configuration has a vertical, aerodynamic,
oscillating structure which generates motion from atmospheric winds through aerodynamic flutter
phenomena. Operation of the WF configuration is based on flutter where relatively low atmospheric
wind inputs generate relatively large motion outputs.
Results
The outcome of our study investigates dynamic characteristics of the WF energy conversion
system. A dynamic model of the WF system is used to predict limit cycle behavior and the
model is subsequently used to perform parametric studies to identify promising design
configurations to maximize atmospheric wind energy extraction. Normally, even though this
system is completely different from the horizon wind turbines, the output power has the
same shape within the same range. The devices work by dynamically designing the system
to flutter so that a stable limit cycle is achieved that extracts substantial power. Equally-sized
WFs and HAWTs provide comparable output power.
Keywords: wind fin
Diagram cross-section
Wind fin
Diagram of mast
Equations
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63
Ageing of biobased composites
Materials
Alejandro BELTRAN YEE
Academic and industrial supervisors:
Julien MOOTHOO, Pierre OUAGNE
In the coming years, bio-based composites should be more and more used in structural or semi-structural
applications. In this project, a beam has been manufactured to respond to the mechanical expectations
of an industrial application. However, before being validated, it is necessary to investigate the ageing
behavior of the composite under different environments.
Results
During this project, the student will have to prepare samples of bio-based composites and submit them
to different accelerated ageing tests. The student will have to perform weighing measurements to
investigate moisture absorption, and will have to perform mechanical tests to investigate the effect of
ageing on the mechanical performance of the bio-based composite.
Keywords: biocomposites, absorption, natural fiber, PLA, mechanical properties
Some samples submerged in water
Weighing scales PRECISA 240A
Some samples of Lin/PLA
Sanding machine
Some samples after the test
Silicone for protecting the samples
POLYTECH ORLEANS
64
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CFD analysis of a test bench allowing
longstanding tests of hypersonic
plane structures
Materials
Lionel BURNIER-DECHON / Florian CORSETTE
Academic supervisor: Ivan FEDIOUN
Industrial supervisor: Marc BOUCHEZ
L. Burnier-Dechon
Company: MBDA Missile Systems
The goal of the project is to simulate a test bench able to reproduce at sample level the environment
of high-velocity flight, used to test ceramic or metallic materials. The test bench is composed of a torch
that burns O2 and kerosene at high speed (Mach > 2) and high temperature (several thousand degrees
Celsius), and a ceramic plate. The exhaust gas jet of the torch is directed at a ceramic
plate for several hours, allowing some studies on how the latter withstands heat. The
objective is to create a CFD numerical model of this test bench so that predictive results
may be obtained before actual experiments are performed. Experimental data regarding
a specific test case are provided to compare and validate the numerical model. The project
report is confidential and its content shall not be disclosed or reproduced without the
prior authorization of MBDA France.
Results
Thermodynamical models were created to accurately simulate both the ambient air
and the exhaust gases involved in the experiment. This includes specific heat, thermal
conductivity and viscosity laws valid on the whole range of temperature involved.
Multispecies simulations were thus carried out. Generic nozzle geometries were designed
to precisely simulate the gas jet, and matched experimental data. On this occasion, and
because of the under-expanded conditions, specific structures called ‘shock diamonds’
were highlighted. Having a good mesh was shown to be mandatory to accurately model
the latter. The whole 2D numerical model including the ceramic plate was developed
and several parameters (such as Mach number and temperature distribution) matched
available experimental data and expected flow pattern well. The results obtained will
serve as a basis to perform 3D calculations of the test bench and study heat transfers
within the ceramic plate.
F. Corsette
Nozzle exit temperature chart: CFD results (red), MBDA data (blue)
Pressure chart alongside the nozzle axis
Keywords: CFD,
heat transfers,
torch,
multispecies,
hypersonic
conditions
2D Mach number distribution at the exit of the nozzle, showing “shock diamonds”
2D Mach number distribution of the whole test bench (including the plate)
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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65
Characterization of fluid flow
in human bone
Fluid mechanics
Damien KOCH / Michel LEBON
Academic supervisor: Ridha HAMBLI, Azeddine KOURTA
D. Koch
Institutions: PRISME Laboratory, Regional Hospital of Orléans
Human bone may be represented as a porous material. It contains a fluid which is put in movement
when there are straining actions on the bone. This allows the bone remodeling (reduction or formation)
according to our physical activity. When stress is exerted on the bone, the body receives the information
to strengthen or reduce the bone in accordance with our physical activity. This information depends on
the velocity of the observed fluid. Our project focuses on the study of this internal fluid flow into bones
and our aim is to model (through an FSI numeric simulation) the movement of this fluid when the bone is
deformed under stress.
M. Lebon
Results
The geometry of the problem was realized on the software Catia. It was then
imported into Abaqus to perform a Fluid-Structure Interaction about a simplified
geometry of the canaliculi (a duct into the bone) under stresses. This numerical
simulation allows us to have an illustration of the phenomenon. These results are
briefly presented in the following figures. They provide the link between fluid flow
and stresses on bones, which seem to be consistent with physics. Also, this work
contributed to the realization of a tutorial for FSI simulation. A perspective should
be to present the geometry more realistically and to expand it to a canaliculi set.
Keywords: FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction), canaliculi, numeric simulation
Geometry
Displacement
Vector distribution of the velocity
POLYTECH ORLEANS
66
|
Characterization of miscanthus ash
by X-ray diffraction
Materials
Tex Derryck MAYANDJI
Academic supervisor: Jacques POIRIER
Industrial supervisors: J. KAKNICS, R. MICHEL
Institutions: CNRS, CEMHTI
The aim of this project is to study the evolution of inorganic phases of Miscanthus ash in function
of temperature by different analytical techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Inducted
Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The inorganics in the biomass ash (K, Na, Si, Cl, S,
Ca, Mg and P) are corrosive at high temperature and they can cause damage and degradation
in facilities like boilers and waste incinerators. These inorganics are present in many different
phases (salts, silicates, oxides) in small quantities which limit the performance of analysis. The
chemical fractionation analysis (CFA) is the consecutive leaching of ash samples with different
solvents to separate the inorganic phases and to avoid overlapping peaks of different compounds
in the diffractogramme.
Results
Both dried Miscanthus plant and ash samples prepared at high temperature (800°C, 900°C and
1000°C) were subjected to chemical fractionation analysis (CFA). The residues after each leaching
step were analyzed by XRD and ICP-MS and they were compared to the reference (non-leached)
samples. The results obtained in our project are salts present at low temperature transformed
into oxides, silicates and molten phase form at high temperature. These phases can cause
damage and degradation in facilities like boilers and waste incinerators.
Keywords: biomass, miscanthus, ash, leaching, XRD
Miscanthus plant
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Buchner filtration
Ground miscanthus
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67
Comparison between two
calculations on fabric
Materials
Matthieu DELAVALLADE
Academic supervisor: Gilles HIVET
The goal of this project is to compare two calculations with two different computer softwares (Abaqus
and Plasfib) and the experimental test on scrim stamping. First, I had to learn to use Plasfib because it is
software I have never used. I recalculated some things which had never been done and I watched to see
whether I got the same result. I then had to test different cases: the shape of the punch, the velocity of
the punch, and the clamping of the fabric between the die and the blank holder. We wanted to study the
influence of these parameters on convergence of the computation. At the same time, as I learned to use
Plasfib, I completed the Plasfib document that a previous student had begun to write. This document can
be used by future students who can complete it again.
Results
The period of learning how to use Plasfib was long because we had very little information
on the software. I made a lot of tests to understand software operation. I made
these tests on the stamp of a fabric with a cubic punch. I tried to identify the effects
of the step time, the velocity of the punch, the model simplification by symmetry,
and the introduction of a friction coefficient in contacts. After that, I could begin the
calculations with the right parameters which were used in experiments. I designed the
right punch, matrix and blank holder with a CAD software. I then made calculations
with this model and these materials parameters in order to compare simulated and
experimental results, but because of a lack of time I could not obtain significant results.
Keywords: fabric, stamping, Plasfib
POLYTECH ORLEANS
68
|
Comparison of different equations of turbulent
flame speed for premixed combustion
Energetics
Félix BOSIO / Damien DESHAYES
Academic supervisor: Christian CAILLOL
Industrial supervisor: Sokratis DEMESOUKAS
F. Bosio
Company: Renault
Simulation of combustion in spark ignition engines requires a description of the turbulent flame
propagation. All models proposed in the literature try to describe the propagation taking into account
various parameters related to the geometry and physico-chemical properties of fuels. Each model
attempts to describe and quantify the impact of the turbulence on the propagation speed of the flame.
In partnership with the PRISME Lab (Orléans), Renault is currently developing a numerical tool which is
able to simulate the operation of a spark ignition engine. This model should enable the integration of a
unique approach to combustion modeling. We chose this project because we are both passionate about
the automotive domain, but also because it is an engineering project with a real goal. Indeed, our work
will be applied in the industry (Renault), and it will contribute to the amelioration of tomorrow’s engines.
D. Deshayes
Results
We had to compare different equations of turbulent flame speed for premixed combustion. The first
step was to choose the most relevant relations to compare. Then, we computed all of the flame speed
expressions using the software Matlab. Our supervisor gave us some experimental results to compare
to the theoretical ones obtained with the
previous equations. We had to then plot
some comparative curves to see the gap
between theory and reality. Figures 1 to 4
are comparative diagrams: figures 1 and 2
for an operating point at an engine speed
of 2000 RPM and a PMI (Indicated Mean
Pressure) of 5.5 bar, figures 3 and 4 for
a point at an engine speed of 3000 RPM
and a PMI of 14 bar. The most important
Figure 2: Burn Mass Fraction (2000 RPM - PMI = 5.5 bar)
diagrams to observe are these which show Figure 1: Heat Release Rate (2000 RPM - PMI = 5.5 bar)
the heat release rate. As you can see for
the first operating point (figs. 1 and 2),
experimental results (blue curve) are close
to the results obtained with the ITNFS
relation. We obtain similar conclusions
for other operating points, so the ITNFS
model is the most relevant in this case.
Keywords: combustion, flame speed,
turbulence, simulation, equations
Figure 3: Heat Release Rate (3000 RPM - PMI = 14 bar)
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Figure 4: Burn Mass Fraction (3000 RPM - PMI = 14 bar)
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69
Designing a test bench
for Redex gearboxes
Mechanics
Clément FEUGERE / Hajar SALHAMI
Academic supervisor: Samir ALLAOUI
Industrial supervisor: Jean-Philippe MOZZICONACCI
Company: Redex
The customer’s need raises the use of REDEX gearboxes in three patterns. The stress applied to gearboxes
depends on usage patterns; therefore, REDEX wants to make a test bench that tests gearboxes in their
usage patterns. The objective of this test bench is to check the quality of lubrication for the tested
gearboxes, and validate the product before delivery to the client. The aim of our project is to design a test
bench for the RAM and MSD gearboxes of the REDEX Company. In the framework of this project, we have
to generate one among many reliable solutions for mechanical architecture of the test bench, responding
to the specifications.
Results
We have divided our project into three stages. During every stage, we have cooperated with the company
to find a happy medium in the solutions we have presented to them based on selection criteria. First, we
made a specification’s analysis to raise the main functions of the test bench. Second,
in the preliminary conception, we searched for the different possible solutions to
carry out the three configurations of the test bench and to position its different parts.
Finally, in the detailed conception, we chose the architectural solution to size, in which
we have favored the standard elements of commerce in
the choice of the features that we need.
Keywords: designing, test, gearboxes, lubrication,
quality
RAM gearbox
The holder of the test bench with the leading part on it
MSD gearbox
Leading and resisting parts
POLYTECH ORLEANS
70
|
Determination of brick/mortar
interface behaviour by tensile tests at
different temperatures
Materials
Yajie DAI
Academic supervisors: Nicolas GALLIENNE, Alain GASSER
Industrial supervisor: Shengli JIN
Institutions: Montanuniversität Leoben, Tata Steel,
FIRE (Federation for international Refractory Research and Education)
In masonries, most fracture of materials occurs at the brick-mortar interface which acts as a plane of
weakness. The objective of this project is to determine the interface behaviour (in particular the ultimate
tensile strength) of different brick/mortar combinations at different temperatures, using tensile tests on
brick/mortar sandwiches. These results will be compared to those obtained by wedge splitting tests which
will be performed during an internship at Leoben (Austria). This research project is part of the Federation
for International Refractory Research and Education (FIRE).
Results
First, we tested eight mortar compositions at 800°C: 0.15% clay, 0.6% clay, 2% clay, 1.75% MAP (Mono
Aluminum Phosphate), 7% MAP, 8% Water glass, 0.3% clay+8% Water glass and 0.3% clay+7% MAP. The
most resistant mortar is made with 0.3% clay+7% MAP. Its fracture strength is 3.88MPa. We continued
our tests with 0.3% clay+7% MAP at different temperatures: room temperature, 300°C, 600°C, 800°C and
1000°C. We found that the failure strengths depended on temperature. The highest failure strengths
were observed at 800°C.
Keywords: masonry, brick/mortar sandwich, interface characterization, high temperature, ultimate
tensile stress
Tensile machine and the oven
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) at 800°C
Evolution of the fracture strength (MPa) depending on the temperature
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71
Development of a model diesel engine
from experimental data
Engine systems
Jiaying CHEN / Na LI
Academic supervisors: Guillaume COLIN,
Dominique GRUEL-NELSON
J. Chen
The mission of the project was to develop a diesel engine model with the help of software named
“AMESim”. The engine is a DV6D diesel engine from PSA Company with turbo-compressor system and
EGR system (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). We calibrated and simulated this model from the data. The
calculation result of the model should coincide with the test bench data. We studied experimental
operation of the engine based on the model so that we could find the optimum operating point of the
engine. The objective of this project was to optimize the engine with the help of a computer, so that a lot
of human, material, and financial resources can be saved.
N. Li
Results
The Diesel engine model was successfully accomplished in the
environment of AMESim after changing the parameters of each submodel. The model works as well as the real engine because the data from
the modeled engine are the same as the data from the real engine. The
model used is based on look-up tables as shown below.
Keywords: diesel engine, turbocharger, EGR, automobile
Plan of the model diesel engine DV6D on “AMESim”
Cartography of the efficiency of the model engine
The pressure ratio vs mass flow rate of the compressor
The mass flow rate vs pressure ratio of the turbo
POLYTECH ORLEANS
72
|
Development of a model of
vaporization of an isolated oil drop
Fluid mechanics
Salma FETJAH / Samuel SCHOTT
Academic supervisor: Christian CAILLOL
S. Fetjah
In recent years, biofuel has become very popular and more widely used, but these biofuels do not have
the same characteristics of heating and vaporization as current fuels like gasoline. For this project, we are
working particularly with vegetable oils. The physico-chemical characteristics of vegetable oils are a problem when they spray. Unlike fossil fuels, vegetable oils have long carbon chains and contain several compounds (fossil fuels are considered pure). When heating a drop of oil, there are many phenomena internal
to the drop that we would like to study. This project will serve to better understand these phenomena
by modeling the evolution of the temperature drop during heating and evaporation. We will work with
MATLAB, a numerical computation software, and try to create a model of vaporization of a drop of oil.
Results
Before performing the numerical model, we analyzed the phenomena coming into play in the heating and
vaporization of the drop. Then, it was necessary to equate our mathematical problem (heat equation),
and to achieve a numerical procedure, which would serve us later.
Afterward, we began by modeling only the heating phase of the drop
and thus validated this first stage of the model. After a positive result,
we continued our work in attempting to model the expansion of the
drop during its heating and vaporization. Unfortunately, we were unable
to fully validate this step. The solver used by Matlab does not allow us
to visualize the variation of the diameter of the drop. However, we still
obtained the evolution of the temperature during spraying, respecting
the real phenomenon.
Keywords: oil, vaporization, model, numerical computing, Matlab
Evolution of the temperature in function of the radius of the drop and time during heating
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Temperature gradient inside the drop at the beginning of heating
Evolution of the temperature during heating and vaporization
S. Schott
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73
Energy audit for roof insulation
Energetics
Simon BOLZAN / Xiu CHEN
Academic supervisor: Jean-Michel FAVIE
Industrial supervisor: Laurent PRUD’HOMME
S. Bolzan
Company: Village Cocooning
The reduction of industry pollution as well as the economical use of individual heating systems is
becoming more and more important to solve the greenhouse effect. Energy consumption is quite huge,
especially in winter, partly because of a large rate of heat flow from the roof (30% lost), which means that
roof insulation will reduce the expense of a heating system. Operation by an owner will not be simple
since a thermal measure and a real economical calculation of energy is needed, which can be useful for
convincing owners to put the project into effect. Obviously, beginning with all homeowners in an entire
village is not possible. Our aim is to find at least five owners to join in this program.
X. Chen
Results
During the measurements, almost 600 houses were tested and 42 of them were taken into account.
These thermal measures play an important part of the project. A summary of energy calculations for the
roof, which depends on the measures and is based on heat flow theories, showed that after installation of
roof insulation, an old house shows a reduction of about 20%-30% in heating expense per year. With the
help of our advisors, three owners were found to participate in this insulation program and two others
were still being sought. Several craftsmen had agreed to do the insulation work at a tariff of about 20
euros per square meter.
Keywords: thermal, roof insulation, economy, energy
Bad roof insulation
Good roof insulation
People at work
POLYTECH ORLEANS
74
|
Experimental characterization
of a synthetic jet
Aerodynamics
Julien CRANDAL / Morgan CROIXMARIE
Academic supervisors: Azeddine KOURTA, Nicolas MAZELLIER
Industrial supervisor: Fabien HALTER
J. Crandal
Company: ICARE Laboratory, PRISME Laboratory
The objective of this project is to size vortex generated by a synthetic jet in order to control a flame
front. To do this, we must set up two experimental measurement means, called P.I.V. (Particle Imagery
Velocimetry) and hot wire. The hot wire mean is to measure the velocity only in one point of the field,
and the P.I.V. mean is to get an entire velocity field, perpendicularly to the jet (cf the pictures below).
Through those two measurement means, we are able to size the vortex generated,
according to the input tension we give to the actuator, and also the frequency.
Before this project, we worked on the characterization of a synthetic jet but it was
with a numerical simulation approach. This project is therefore a good experience to
improve our knowledge about this technology.
Results
After the first experiments with the hot wire, we obtained some information about
the velocity of the first actuator tested. We concluded that the results were not
accurate. We then amplified the output signal and repeated the same measurements.
The results were clearly better and we obtained a velocity profile to characterize the
synthetic jet. Next, we found another velocity profile with another actuator with the
same experimental mode, but this didn’t satisfy our expectations. We then decided to
increase the voltage and repeated the measurements to obtain more hopeful profiles.
At the ICARE Laboratory, we achieved measurements based on a P.I.V protocol and
then did a post-treatment with all the pictures which had been saved. We plotted
some velocity fields to analyze the unsteady behavior of the system and particularly
the vortex generated.
Keywords: fluid mechanical, synthetic jet, experimental measurement means,
vortex sizing, piezoelectric actuator
Streamline of an instantaneous field
An instantaneous velocity field
POLYTECH ORLEANS
M. Croixmarie
Experimental protocol for the P.I.V. measurement
Streamline of a mean field
Velocity profile of a vortex
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75
Flow control with
plasma actuator
Fluid mechanics and energetics
Clément GOURIOU / Anthony TECHER
Academic supervisor: Pierre AUDIER, Annie LEROY
Institutions: Polytech Orléans, PRISME Lab
C. Gouriou
First Place
Environmental issues are becoming more and more important, creating a greater need to reduce fuel
consumption and its resultant pollutant emissions. One way to reach that goal is to enhance aerodynamic
airfoil performance by controlling airflow with, for instance, a plasma actuator. The discharge created by
this actuator induces an ionic wind, which is a low velocity ion flow and is able to change external flow in
a near wall. The aim of this project is to study the influence of the plasma on the flow above an airfoil (ref:
NACA 00012) and to go further into the comprehension of the mechanisms induced by the plasma. These
studies were conducted in the Malavard wind tunnel in the PRISME Laboratory and followed a European
project called PLASMAERO and the thesis led by Pierre Audier.
A. Techer
Results
By setting a sinusoidal high voltage signal (8kV) between the two electrodes, we produced a plasma
(violet color, Figure 1), an ionized gas stirred by a tangential movement. This movement allowed us to
modify the external flow, and particularly at 13° incidence when it is normally detached (Figure 2, left), we
succeeded again in attaching the flow when we switched on the plasma
actuator (Figure 2, right) in unsteady mode of the high voltage signal.
Indeed, in this flow configuration (20m/s, 13°), by pulsing the sinusoidal
signal at a 90Hz frequency (ON-OFF) which is a natural frequency of the
flow corresponding to a vortex emission frequency, we attached the
flow again and enhanced the lift at 20° incidence up to 40% and the
drag force up to 20%.
Keywords: plasma actuator, aerodynamics, ionic wind,
flow control, NACA0012
Fig. 2 A verage velocity contours around the airfoil with and without plasma
(20 m/s, α = 13°, Re = 400 000)
Fig. 1 B lueprint of the main test section of the wind tunnel with the airfoil (right);
Blueprint of the plasma actuator (left)
Fig. 3 Effect of plasma actuation on lift and drag coefficients
POLYTECH ORLEANS
76
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Greener cars through
mastered combustion
Engines
Alexandre BOISSONNEAU / Alexandru ILIES
Academic supervisor: Fabrice FOUCHER
Institution/Company: PRISME Laboratory,
Renault SA
The aim of this project is to set up a measurement device for the instantaneous equivalence ratio and
homogeneity of the air/fuel mixture in a petrol engine. Those two parameters are very important for the
pollutant gases emissions of the engine, especially Nitrogen oxides and microparticles.
To achieve our goal, we use the infrared absorption principle. The air/fuel mixture is
crossed by an infrared beam, and as it passes through the mixture, it is absorbed by
fuel molecules and droplets. Hence, the intensity of the beam collected on the sensor
is inversely related to the fuel concentration in the mixture. This measurement device
is needed to set up a new kind of variable flow indirect injector for gasoline engines.
Results
During this project, we studied many principles and theories of IR absorption to
better understand the phenomenon that occurs. After these studies, we attempted
to stimulate the system first with water vapor then with methane to see the
phenomenon. The project goal is to install our sensor directly in the intake tube of
a single cylinder research engine. To do this, we needed to purchase various special
parts. The size of the LED is important because if it is small enough, we can build
our device directly in the intake pipe, and then we can make the measurement very
precise. During the project, we could not purchase these items because the delivery
time was too long. This system can be very interesting and efficient and we think that
the big car companies will use it on their production cars in the coming years.
Keywords: controlled ignition engine, efficiency, combustion, equivalence ratio,
infrared absorption
Starting experimental set up
POLYTECH ORLEANS
A. Boissonneau
Final experimental setup
A. Ilies
Evolution of sensor tension versus methane quantity, and
corresponding equivalence ratio
Sensor block diagram
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77
In-situ characterization of catalytic
graphitization process
Materials
Shuai LIU
Academic supervisor: Domingos DE SOUSA MENESES
Industrial supervisor: Mohamed Ramzi AMMAR
Carbon is known to be the most abundant element in the universe and is often obtained from coal
deposits. In particular, graphite, which is one of the allotropes of carbon, has a hexagonal crystal
structure, appreciated for its properties as a lubricant or neutron moderator in nuclear power plants.
However, when a high degree of structural disorder is introduced, sp2 carbon can be very hard and
durable. CEMHTI laboratory has characterization techniques allowing probing of the material subjected
to extreme conditions (high temperature and irradiation). Among these techniques, the in-situ analysis by
X-ray diffraction as a function of temperature will be favored. I will be responsible for the characterization
of the catalytic effect on the process of graphitization at lower temperatures (1200°C) compared to
classical graphitization which requires relatively high temperature (2900 °C).
Results
We raised the heating temperature to 1200° and put the carbon in the platinum container under argon
atmosphere. We fixed the rate of heating by 5°/min, and held the temperature at 1200° for 3 hours. Then
we found there was graphitization by the survey of Raman. However, only the carbon which is in contact
with the Fe became graphite; the others had no conversion. Now, I think to get a more homogenous
structure, maybe the heating temperature should be raised to the melting point of the Fe (~ 1600) for the
aim of more carbon contacted with Fe.
Keywords: in-situ, graphitization, catalytic, XRD
POLYTECH ORLEANS
78
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Instrumentation of a
spot welding tong
Production engineering
Florian BARNAUD
Academic supervisor: Benoit LEROUX
Spot Welding Tongs are used to assemble the different parts of a car chassis. They are attached to robotic
arms and improve security and performance. The one studied was a welding gun used by Renault. It was
given by the automaker to be studied because it causes welding defects which were associated with its
design and use. The main objective is to localize the origin of the defects and to develop and to put in
place a correction which can be used in the industrial environment.
Results
The first stage was to choose the function which determines the spot welding tong comportment. The
second stage was to find solutions which respond to that function. This resulted in choosing sensors,
instruments which have to be integrated on the existing system. A program to control the system and
the acquisition unit had to be developed. The last stage consisted of designing the interface between the
sensors and the system and to develop the acquisition unit.
Keywords: assembly, automotive process, welding, metal sheet
The spot welding tong
Welding spot
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Functional analysis
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79
Integrated wind wing project
Mechatronics
Emeric ASSADI / Kenny FARAUX / Alexis GOT / Kai HUANG
Academic supervisors: Bruno BONHEUR, Jacques FANTINI, Benoît LE ROUX
Industrial supervisor: Alain CREVEAU
E. Assadi
Second Place
Company: AJC Concept
In order to convert wind energy into electrical energy, there are already some types of wind turbines
which have existed for a long time. At the same time, we never stop researching new methods in this area,
and there may be a major breakthrough within the decade. However, this would also create a change in
oscillating wind technology. The objective of our project is:
> to perform modeling and simulation of an oscillating wind sail.
> from a mechanical power provided 1kW continuous rotation (optimum speed determined by the
generator), model, simulate and design a complete power generation system.
> according to data movement/transmit power, model, simulate and design a transmission for a
demonstrator.
Mât
Mât
Results
Determine the type of the generator or select items from commercially available, if possible, to design and
justify the choice. Determine the parameters of the generator. Power electronics allow a direct connection to the grid. A control system/servo transmission and the inertial storage variable transmission (KERS)
located upstream, accordVersion
ing to the power required.
Version
Voilure
« tout électrique »
« mécanique »
- profil aéro
Modeling and simulat- déformable
- adaptatif
ing the system (parameterized model in Matlab/
Simulink). Determine the
performance and optimal
operating conditions. Develop a comprehensive
‘Black Box’
syst. Régul.
system prototype and
develop its program of
monitoring and controlétage
multiplicat.
ling the transmission and
differential variable KERS.
Redresseur
Conduct a study of manuG
facturing and cost. Make
Différentiel
220V~
G
Electron.
a prototype from existing
Charge
Δ
Régul.
Génératri
Réseau
& Puiss.
ce
components as much as
M/G
possible.
Stockage inertiel + transmission intégrée
K. Faraux
A. Got
Voilure
- profil aéro
- déformable
- adaptatif
K. Huang
‘Black Box’
syst. Régul.
Mât
Mât
étage
multiplicat.
Redresseur
Génér.
gestion stockage / restitution
(KERS/SREC)
Electronique
régulation
& Puissance
220V~
Charge
Réseau
Charge
Réseau
Mot./Gén
é
Stockage inertiel entraînement
intégré
(KERS/SREC)
Keywords: environment,
wind, energy
Contact: [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
POLYTECH ORLEANS
80
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Material optimization based on
bone remodeling
Biomechanics
Cédric BEAUVAIS
Academic supervisor: Ridha HAMBLI
Currently, many manufacturers are looking to lighten their mechanical parts. The solution is shape
optimization. This means having material only where it is needed, which results in weight reduction and
saving of raw materials. What is original in this project is that the optimization program is based on a
biological phenomenon, bone remodeling. This allows the densification of bones in areas where there are
heavy loads. The optimization process is done through the development of properties (such as Young’s
modulus or density).
Results
At the beginning of my project, it was necessary to understand the biomechanics phenomenon. First,
calculations were performed on models of the femur to observe optimization. Then, simply different
models were created (cubes, rectangles, etc.) with different loads to study the various parameters of
the algorithm. I was then interested in reference models which are models that have already undergone
many calculations to optimize their shape. The aim was to set up the program to achieve the same thing.
Now it remains to do the same on real mechanical parts and modify the program in order to choose the
optimization criterion (strain energy, fatigue, etc.).
Keywords: bone remodeling, optimization, density
Cycle of bone remodeling
Initial shape
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Optimized shape
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81
Measurement and simulation of
impregnation of a non-reactive
porous alumina by a liquid
Materials
Kevin COFFIGNIER
Academic supervisor: Jacques POIRIER
Industrial supervisor: Emmanuel DE BILBAO
Refractory ceramics, of which blast furnace linings are composed, are part of the important elements
in the production of steel. Indeed, they are able to resist high temperatures and stresses present in
such furnaces. However, this causes corrosion of ceramics by slag. Therefore, it becomes necessary to
know the phenomena that govern the corrosion to quantify the lifetime of blast furnace linings, and thus
predict the costs associated with their replacement. To study this corrosion, the problem was divided into
two distinct parts. On the one side, the chemistry with the kinetics of the chemical reactions involved and
on the other side, the physical properties linked to the transport of the fluid (slag) within the structure of
the ceramic. The coupling of these two parts made a simulation of the corrosion phenomenon observed
in blast furnaces.
Results
The project is part of an internship period of eight months. The project aims to prepare the internship
and begin studying the transport of non-reactive, unsaturated liquid (water) in a pure alumina ceramic.
The first step is to study the material. A trial of X-ray diffraction is carried out to determine the
chemical composition of the alumina. Then, a test of water porosity is used to quantify the
porosity present in the alumina. This is essential data to produce future simulations. Finally, a test
called the “wicking test” is used to measure the phenomenon of capillary suction within the pores
of the ceramic, which will allow us to simulate the transport of liquid in the ceramic and to find the
equation governing this phenomenon.
Wicking test: Balance saves the mass
of water lost by suction in the massive
of alumina
Keywords: Impregnation, ceramics, non-reactive, properties of transport
Impregnation and cutting:
Right, automatic saw used for cutting
alumina
Left, impregnation chamber used to
impregnate the water within alumina
Samples: left to right: sample for X-ray diffraction, sample for X-ray diffraction, sample for test water porosity, sample for “wicking test”
POLYTECH ORLEANS
82
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Modeling of the command of a
submarine rudder blade actuator
Energetics
Maxime COUTE / Victor DEZOBRY
Academic supervisors: Jean-Marc AUFRERE, Bruno BONHEUR
Industrial supervisor: Alexandre MORAUX
M. Coute
Company: DCNS
A submarine is directed by using four rudder blades, which are cross-arranged. A rudder is a device used
to steer a submarine. It operates by redirecting the fluid past the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning
or yawing motion to the craft. The amount of on-board energy is limited, which involves reducing energy
consumption as much as possible. Hence, the strategy is to replace hydraulic components by electrical
components. By the same token, the objective is to determine what is the most appropriate control to
reduce torque ripple and get the best energy performance. Two kinds of controls are compared: the
sinusoidal and trapezoidal.
Results
The type of motor control is imposed by the magnet rotor arrangements, therefore by the motor
selected. The motor imposed by the specifications can be controlled only by sinusoidal current signals.
Consequently, the project has been developed with a focus on the control loop: which is the best control
loop between the torque control loop and the speed control loop? The two control loops give us results
close to each other. Nevertheless, the modeling of the submarine rudder blade actuator disregards the
disruptions in the input signal.
Keywords: synchronous, machine, control, sinusoidal, simulation
Submarine rudder blade
System control loops
POLYTECH ORLEANS
V. Dezobry
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83
Numerical modeling of
corrugated sandwich structures
under compression constraints
Materials
Joryk BAUR
Academic supervisors: Samir ALLAOUI, Jean-Luc DANIEL
Corrugated box is used in many domains for packaging. It offers a good ratio between strength, weight
and cost. This study aims to model a whole box, which would be constrained by the stacking of other boxes
above it. The same results as those found in real trials must be found in order to validate the numerical
solution. Starting from the study of one panel, we will verify homogenization laws of sandwich structures,
then expand to the study of all panels put together. This could lead to a parametric study on the behavior
of the structure with changes of dimensions, material properties, or constraints.
Results
The project first consisted of modeling a panel under a compression constraint. The boundary conditions
of standard tests have been reproduced. The discovery of the buckling phenomena analysis under Abaqus,
a finite element analysis software, was the main difficulty to obtaining proper results. It shows results
in comparing the impact of the different meshing properties, and also explicit and implicit approaches.
At the end of the project, the general behavior of the corrugated panel under constraints seems to
correspond to that in real trials, but in-plane displacement is higher than it should be. Concerning the
study of the whole box, analyses are still being carried out to find a correct model.
Keywords: numerical analysis, material
One of the various types of corrugated box used to package products
Corrugated panel under constraint: result of a numerical analysis
Sandwich structure principle: alternating layers of
plane and corrugated paper sheets
POLYTECH ORLEANS
84
|
Numerical simulation and
analysis of a shell-side flow in a
shell-and-tubes heat exchanger
Energetics and fluid dynamics
Thibaut GUEGAN /Nicolas KERUZORE
Academic supervisor: Ivan FEDIOUN
Industrial supervisor: Yoann MERRIAUX
T. Guegan
Company: DCNS
The object of this graduation project is to develop a numerical simulation to take into account the bank of
tubes without a complete physical modeling. This issue has already been discussed in the literature and
one of the strategies is the use of porous areas. Obviously, this includes a deep study of equations that
governs porous zones (Forchheimer coefficient, Darcy’s law, etc.). At first, we will conduct a literature
review on the implementation of this method. We will then implement this technique using the Fluent
software by making a comparison with the results of a real geometry. This project will allow us to work
on a concrete industrial issue with an aim specified by the company DCNS. This kind of heat exchanger is
used on military ships and in power plants. Such a study will let us master well-known
industrial software.
Results
After several simulations, we obtained numerous results for simple geometries. That
permitted us to understand how the heat exchanger model works in the software.
To begin with, we began to model the heat exchanger itself (see figure 1) and
proceeded to launch a first calculation with only hydraulic phenomenon taken into
account, without tubes. That gave us the velocity field within the exchanger, which
fit with the one calculated by Rhodes and Carlucci (see figures 2 and 3). Large eddies
were present at exactly the same place in the two calculations, made by completely
different means. Next, we considered tubes by modeling porous zones. Finally, we
obtained quite the same results as Rhodes and Carlucci, such as the directional flow
within porous media and some predicted eddies. Nevertheless, more accuracy is
needed in the prediction of eddies’ scale (see figures 4 and 5).
N. Keruzore
Figure 3: Simulation without any tubes – Rhodes and Carlucci 1984
Keywords: heat exchangers, heat transfer, porous zone, cfd methods, simulation
Figure 4: Simulation with porous zone
Figure 1: Geometry of the heat exchanger
Figure 2: Simulation without any tubes
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Figure 5: Simulation with porous zone – Rhodes and Carlucci 1984
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85
Optimization of an experiment to measure
electrical conductivity of metallic materials
under irradiation at very low temperatures
Materials
Raphaël CLOIX / Jean-Mickael SAIMOEN
Academic supervisor: Mohammed MALKI
Industrial supervisor: Leire DEL CAMPO
R. Cloix
The aim of this project is to optimize an electrical conductivity measuring device. When this device is
validated, it will be able to characterize defects in metallic materials caused by their irradiation. This application will be very beneficial to the field of materials used in nuclear power plants because
it will permit anticipation of their degradation caused by irradiation and, in addition, allow
improvement of their characteristics to reduce the risk of failure. This resistivity measurement can be affected by temperature, so we are forced to lower it as much as possible. The
requirements are therefore to be able to set the temperature, measure and then measure
the resistivity of a sample of concrete that we will irradiate as in actual conditions.
Results
The first condition necessary in our project is to achieve a sufficiently low temperature of the cooling device in order to perform consistent resistivity measurements. Indeed, the temperature reached by the equipment that we use to cool the device never
went below 60K, while the manufacturer stated a minimum of 4K could be achieved.
We finally did reach a temperature of 10K. Indeed, we found that some wires could
touch the protection to radiation, allowing the creation of thermal conduction and
thus could be the cause of the temperature rise against the theory. After that we could
do some resistivity measurement at different temperatures. We obtained deviations
between 5 and 15% from the literature, which is acceptable for this experiment. Then
our work focused on the numerical simulation of our device, in order to compare the
experimental results and computer to ensure the validity of the experiment.
J-M. Saimoen
Sample
Measurement devices
Keywords: optimization, measurement, numerical simulation
Cooling device
Operating device
POLYTECH ORLEANS
86
|
Ozone generation and measurement
by radiofrequency discharge
Energetics
Li GUAN / Miguel MORENO
Academic supervisors: Fabrice FOUCHE, Jean-Baptiste MASURIER
Industrial supervisor: PRISME Laboratory
In the past years, the ozone and nitric oxide (NO) have demonstrated having an important impact on
combustion in HCCI engines because of their extremely oxidant nature. The objective of this project is to
study the feasibility of the generation of NO and ozone and its measurement by UV absorption.
Results
During this project, the student will have to design and test a device which will be in charge of the
production of ozone and NO. Computer simulation and design will be used for this purpose. The student
will have to carry out measurements and tests with the material available in the laboratory.
Keywords: ozone, NO, oxygen, frequence, plasma
View of the ozone generator on the inside
Support for the ozone board
Ozone Generator fully assembled
Screenshot of Ansys fluent simulation
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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87
Parametric study of homogenisation mean
physical variables of simulation and
predictive regulation for homes
Energetics
Michael GERMANT
This project concerns a new method for study of thermal and energy loss, and evaluates them more
precisely than other common methods: parametric study of homogenisation mean physical variables of
simulation, and predictive regulation for homes. The aim is to develop a new program to diagnose the
energy loss in a house and know when materials are better. It will be a free program, where users can
create geometry and mesh and solve their energy problem, then show the result. It uses the porosity of
the house (like the different furniture in the house) and will be more precise than other methods.
Results
The program will be automatic. It transforms the user’s geometry to a regular geometry using only
quadrilateral forms and creates an automatic mesh of the user’s geometry. It develops a matrix for one
cube, which is the basic element of the finite element method. After mathematical tool applications, it is
now easier to solve the temperature inside the cube. For example, for a centred point in the cube, each
corner has only 1/8 of global contribution if the material is homogeneous. After
the limit conditions are applied on the borders, the program will start the problem
resolution.
Keywords: energetics, building, simulation, finite element, homogenisation,
predictive regulation
Elementary geometry
Conversion element
Weighting function, point (-1 -1)
POLYTECH ORLEANS
88
|
Performing an energy balance with
geothermal installations for the
city hall of Semoy
Energetics
Florent BACH / Romain BATCRABERE
Industrial supervisors: Pascale LIPIRA, Thierry DAZIN
F. Bach
Company: community of Semoy
The mayor’s office of Semoy is the industrial supervisor of our project. The objective of our project was
double: to perform an energy balance with geothermal installations, and to make the technical communication for Sustainable Development Week. This project combines technical and communication skills
about the thermic field. The mayor’s office of Semoy wanted to know whether they could add an additional building to their geothermal installations. They also organized a week for sustainable development
on energy, which is our main interest as engineers. Energetics is the field we want to work in as engineers.
We have already completed an internship on heat exchangers, heating and energy efficiency in constructions, so this project is something very rewarding for us in terms of technical and communication skills
and for our CV.
Results
We studied technical data and plans to understand how the systems work. Then
we made some temperature readings in the two geothermal installations in order
to calculate their energy balance. We made power calculations with temperatures,
flow rates and heat capacities of fluids. Then, we wanted to compare and confirm
these results with another process: heat loss. The method is to calculate the thermal
resistance of these two constructions by hand. Thermal resistance corresponds to
all heat loss of a building. We needed to know the materials used in the walls, roof
and thermal exchanges areas. Power, we found, was the same as with the first data
record method and the heat loss. Later, we helped the mayor’s office to promote
Sustainable Development Week by adding technical and scientific explanations in
order to make inhabitants aware.
Water delivery
Keywords:
geothermal energy,
geothermics,
sustainable development
Heat exchanger of the gymnasium
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Overview of the gym heat
R. Batcrabère
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89
Preliminary draft of an
innovative and light
hybrid aircraft
Aerodynamics
Mehdi BENDRISS-AMRAOUI / Xavier CATTELAIN-LOPEZ /
Salma EL OUGLI / Benjamin GAUME / David HENRY
Academic supervisor: Philippe DEVINANT
Industrial supervisor: Alain BUGEAU
During our final year of school at Polytech Orleans in the mechanic and energetic field, we chose to
work on a professional project supervised by Mr. Alain Bugeau. The aim of this project is to propose
innovative solutions for propulsion and to implement them in twin-seater hybrid aircraft. We have taken
several characteristics into account, among which are the intended performances as well as weight and
stability characteristics. We were motivated by this project because we have always been fascinated by
the innovation and achievements made by engineers in this field. Furthermore, this project was a good
opportunity for us to put into practice concepts we have acquired about aerodynamics and aeronautics
to prepare ourselves better for our future role as engineers. In addition, hybrid vehicles appear to be
among the most promising technologies for reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
Results
The first step of the project, and not the least, was to understand the functioning of the hybrid aircraft
and to gather information about thermal and electric engines. Next, we did a 3D modeling of the aircraft
to see if our different chosen component fit. This part gave us a clear vision about the distribution of
engines, the batteries, and other components in order to maintain the balance of the aircraft. The
operational principle is to drive the propeller using an electric motor that helps to develop 46 kW. A
second Wankel rotary engine, developed by UAV engine, is linked to an electric generator that provides
the electricity needed to recharge the onboard batteries. As work has progressed, we developed an Excel
table that helps us to interpret technical data, performance diagrams, and stability characteristics. We
also used XFLR 5 to determine how the aircraft behaves at low speeds. In conclusion, we believe we have
fully fulfilled the objectives we set at the beginning of the project.
M. Bendriss-Amraoui
X. Cattelain-Lopez
S. El Ougli
B. Gaume
Keywords: aircraft, hybrid propulsion, aerodynamic, 3d modeling
D. Henry
Lift coefficient according to the wing incidence
Induced drag according to the wing incidence
Contact: [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
POLYTECH ORLEANS
90
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Robotic autonomous
exploration strategy
Robotics
Bilel CHENCHANA / Yuanbo LI
Academic supervisors: Aïcha FONTE, Cyril NOVALES
B. Chenchana
Company: Proteus
This project is part of the Robotic Youth Challenge, which considers the problems of autonomous motion
and landmark searching in unknown areas. Previously, the robot has been well assembled and the
simulation environment has been designed by using the simulation software (Blender). The main tasks
of this project, therefore, are using software (RTmaps) to create a program and test it by using ROS, and
using Blender-Morse for creating robotic autonomous navigation, obstacle
detection and avoidance.
Results
During this project, we spent one day in Paris and four days in ClermontFerrand to study the software: RTmaps, Blender-Morse, Eclipse, Effibox,
etc. Then we used Eclipse to model the robot and generate a program
to RTmaps. And we created a program which can achieve autonomous
obstacle avoidance. This program needs to be improved to achieve
autonomous navigation.
Keywords: robot, autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance
The general view of this project
The robot which we used in our project
Project object
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Y. Li
|
91
Simulation of unit cell
woven reinforcements
Materials
Hua FAN
Academic supervisor: Gilles HIVET
Industrial supervisor: Jean-Luc DANIEL
Unit cells at the meso scale are used in order to understand what happens during fabric
forming. In this project, we want to use Abaqus/explicit to simulate the compaction of
unit cells woven reinforcements. The goal is to analyze and optimize the parameters
of the explicit scheme for different mesh sizes, boundary conditions and mechanical
behavior. The goal is to get the right set of parameters for complex fabric geometries with
many fibers.
Results
Optimum parameters as regards the contacts options and explicit scheme parameters
(density, speed, time step) have been found. The influence of the limit conditions on the
results have also been explored and defined. Since a yarn is composed of thousands of
fibers, a specific mechanical behavior must be implemented into a VUMAT. Different
types of mechanical behaviors and their influence on the global yarn behavior have been
tested so as to reproduce the experimental measurements.
Yarn with a specific fiber’s mechanical behavior
implemented in a VUMAT
Keywords: explicit, woven reinforcement, VUMAT, time increment
Evolution of ALLKE and ALLIE
Model of a yarn
Yarn with an homogeneous mechanical behavior
POLYTECH ORLEANS
92
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Sizing of an actuator to control
flow separation and improve
aerodynamic performance
Aerodynamics
Charles ROLAND / Merouan SIWANE
Academic supervisor: Azeddine KOURTA
C. Roland
Our project consists of the sizing of an actuator to control the flow separation and improve the
aerodynamic performance of a body suspended in a subsonic flow. We divided our work into two parts:
first, the sizing of the actuator using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, ANSYS, and second,
choosing the right actuator (a loudspeaker, in our case), which respected the project specifications. It is
a very interesting project because we apply the knowledge that we have learnt for five years in a real,
concrete case. This project gives us a first experience in CFD and a first specialization in a research sector
which has an important future.
Results
The first thing we have to know is that the CFD is not reality, but just a
simulation. Despite that, we can exploit the results that we obtain to size
our actuator, though we must keep a margin of error in our choice. The
simulation time is very long (8-10 hours per attempt) but the results seem
to be good. In fact, the phenomenon that we are researching (control the
flow to increase the lift) is simulated in a very good way. Therefore, we can
use the CFD results to size our loudspeaker in addition to the theoretical
results. Thank to these two sources of results, and the bill of specifications
(we must respect the geometry of the model), we chose the appropriate
solution.
Dimensions of the model
Keywords:
aerodynamic,
flow, control,
loudspeaker
The flow without control
The model
The flow with control
POLYTECH ORLEANS
M. Siwane
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93
Study and control of a wake
with a vibrant splitter plate
Aerodynamics
Pierre COJAN / Clément LESTANT
Academic supervisor: Nicolas MAZELLIER
Inspired by the observation of birds’ wings, scientists want to simulate a couple of flaps made from the
combination of a rigid plastic skeleton coated with a porous fabric mimicking the shaft and the vane of
a bird’s feathers. In the present work, we simplified the problem to a hinged-splitter in the wake of a
circular cylinder, because the physics around this behavior must be established. Some studies already
show that adding a splitter behind decreases the drag of the system, but more research is required on this
phenomenon. In order to get a referenced value for the turbulence and drag of the wake, we simulate
flow around a simple cylinder with the software Fluent. We then compare the referenced case with a
fixed splitter, another one with porosity properties, and a moving porous splitter.
Results
We have proved in this project that putting a splitter behind a sphere decreases the drag by 10%.
Controlling the splitter movement could decrease the drag a little bit more but this must be proved by
some other analysis. The best way to improve this case would be to put an adaptive splitter that would
move with the flow. Toward this end, the splitter would be allowed to adapt its movement to different
flow velocities around it. Turbulence would decrease as well as drag.
Keywords: CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), plate, control, flow
Velocity around a cylinder with a splitter
Zoom velocity around a cylinder with a splitter
Velocity around a cylinder
Geometry model
Zoom turbulence around a cylinder
Zoom velocity around a cylinder
Zoom turbulence around a cylinder
POLYTECH ORLEANS
94
|
Study and implementation of
teleoperation for the robot Stäubli
Robotics
Ling Kun KONG / Shan Jun MA
Academic supervisors: Aïcha FONTE, Pierre VIEYRES
L. K. Kong
Our project objective is to implement a remote control for the teleoperation of the robot Stäubli TX60 for
the purpose of access to the robot platform by remote students in using current technologies. Today’s
internet technology provides a convenient way for us to develop an integrated network environment
for the diversified applications of different robotic systems. To be successful in real-world applications,
internet-based robots require a high degree of autonomy and local intelligence to deal with the restricted
bandwidth and arbitrary transmission delay of the internet.
S. J. Ma
Results
First, generate a need analysis of the project. Second, achieve the remote control of the platform by
using the module Remote MCP in the STAUBLI Robotics Studio (software) via internet by communication
software VNC (Virtual Network Computing). Finally, make a study of the force return in remote control in
using the PHONTOM 1.5 of IMMERSION.
Keywords: communication network, transmission delays, stability and transparency
Haptic Feedback-PHANTOM Premium 1.5
TX60L Robot Platform of STAUBLI with camera
Flow chart of the difference between direct control and remote control
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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95
Study of the robustness of the
power management strategy
of a hybrid electric vehicle
Engines
Shiju JIANG / Xinfeng WU
Academic supervisors: Yann CHAMAILLARD, Guillaume COLIN
Industrial supervisor: Maxime DEBERT
S. Jiang
Company: Renault
Dispersion of the internal-combustion engine is one of the general problems for the hybrid electric
vehicles. Because of the existence of dispersion of the engines, one normal control strategy is obviously
not applicable for all the engines. The object of
this project is to find a new way to develop the
energy management strategy (ECMS: Equivalent
Consumption Minimization Strategy) which
could take the dispersion of the engine into
account. In the end, we could apply this new
version of ECMS to all kinds of hybrid electric
vehicles which are supposed to perform
always in the best condition with minimum
consumption.
Results
This new version of energy management strategy is developed on the basis of different simulations. Our project contains three steps from
beginning to end:
> Modeling of a conventional vehicle in cycle
NEDC (New European Driving Cycle)
> Modeling of a hybrid vehicle with energy management strategy ECMS in cycle NEDC
>D
eveloping a new version of energy management strategy taking into account the dispersion of engine
For each step, a reliable simulation model is
expected as the result. The final result should
contain the new version of energy management
strategy ECMS for the hybrid vehicle which not
only performs in cycle NEDC, but also performs
well in other different driving cycles.
X. Wu
Model of a Classic Vehicle
Model of a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle with ECMS
Keywords: power management, hybrid
vehicle, dispersion
Method ECMS
POLYTECH ORLEANS
96
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Study of the shaping of
woven reinforcements made
from fiber flax
Materials
Floreentina DORMIOLA / Feng XU
Academic supervisor: Pierre OUAGNE
F. Dormiola
Considering the problem of environment pollution, flax fiber based reinforcements, which have been
treated as a recycling material, are gradually replacing the current carbon and glass fibers used in
composites. Forming complex shape composite parts with a good production rate/cost ratio is particularly
important for the automotive industry. The objective of this 5th year project at the PRISME laboratory,
in partnership with DEPESTELE, is to study the deformability of flax fibers (taffeta and twill) according to
different parameters, with two different devices.
F. Xu
Results
In these eight weeks, we have researched the behaviors of flax-based reinforcements when
tested by stamping in a pyramidal form to obtain complex shapes. In order to diminish the
incidence of flaws in the tissue, we changed the parameters of production, such as holdingflank pressure, the orientation of the tissue and humid materials. With a small decrease in the
pressure of one holding-flank, the flaws were considerably reduced. Making the fabrics humid
before the test is also a good method to reduce most of the defects. For twill, we diminish
flaws by changing the orientation from warp to weft.
Keywords: composite, natural fibers, flax fiber, sheet forming, pyramid-shape
Test bench
Dry serge test 3 bar with buckles
Wet serge test 3 bar without buckles
POLYTECH ORLEANS
A speckle pattern for the calculations of the strains
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97
Submarine immersed
actuator design
Mechatronics
Déborah PANTALEAO / Benjamin ROGER
Academic supervisor: Jean-Marc AUFRERE
Industrial supervisor: A. MORAUX
D. Pantaleão
Company: DCNS
The main purposes of this project are to reduce the cost of submarine design, to optimize the use of onboard energy, and to avoid water entrance in the actuator. In order to achieve these goals, we must extend
the electrical actuator torque range from 3 to 300 N.m, which can be used for different applications in
the submarine such as door opening, and design a pressure regulation system. The first constraint is to
withstand a pressure of up to 70bar because of the submarine diving, and to maintain a pressure margin
of 100mbar between sea water and the electrical actuator to protect the actuator from water assault.
The aim of the project is to choose a reducer technology to the fit the torque range targeted, and to find
concepts and eventually to do the preliminary design of the pressure regulation system.
B. Roger
Results
This project allows us to reach to two possibilities for the pressure regulation system, one based on a
mechanical system using the potential energy of a spring; the other is based on an elastic membrane. Both
concepts have been chosen and now need to be evaluated and integrated in the actuator. Concerning
the torque range extension, we studied several gearbox solutions and technologies to reach the needed
torques in the dimensional constraints. The magnomatics and the epicycloids technologies, fit for the
lowest needed torque, the cycloid one for torque from 30 to 100 N.m, and the harmonic drive can support
the highest torques and gear ratio in the dimensional constraint.
Keywords: design, pressure, electric actuators, immersed, expansion range
Solutions for the regulation pressure system
Technology distribution in the targeted torque range
POLYTECH ORLEANS
98
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Thermo-mechanical modeling
of refractory masonries
Materials
Florian GENTY
Academic supervisor: Alain GASSER
Industrial supervisor: Sido SINNEMA
Company: Tata Steel
Steel consumption has been multiplied by 10 in the last 50 years because of the emergence of developing
countries like China. The study conducted by the PRISME Laboratory and TATA STEEL R&D deals with the
refractory lining used in steel ladles. This lining has only a limited life span because of the highly corrosive
nature of liquid steel and the high thermal load that produces high stresses. There are different designs
and joint types to investigate for the bottom lining. The results for each design and joint type will show
which case has the lowest stresses and which one is the best to optimize refractory lining life span at the
end of the project.
Results
The three different designs (Fish Bone, Parallel and Radial) give the same order of stresses on the shell.
However, joints have a completely different behavior. If we consider the refractory wall and bottom lining
as one big brick, meaning there are no joints, the stresses are very high. With a regular masonry lining, but
without mortar, the maximum stresses decrease a lot due to the gap between bricks. However, the best
results are obtained with mortar joints: joints 3mm thick permit the wall and the sole to expand while
compressing these large joints. The results have taken into account the effect of the temperature for all
joint types and all designs, in order to have more realistic results. The next step is to simulate joint opening
within the masonry with mortar joints.
Keywords: refractory materials, masonry, simulation
Influence of bottom lining design on shell stresses
Influence of joint type with fish bone bottom lining
POLYTECH ORLEANS
Temperature in the steel ladle
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99
Using HyperWorks software to
realize finite elements simulation
Information technology
Nicolas IRIS
Academic supervisor: Jean-Luc DANIEL
The objective of this project is to discover and analyze the operation mode and characteristics of
HyperWorks software, which is a finite elements simulation software. This project allowed me to improve
my knowledge of this kind of software, which is frequently used in the professional world. It also helps me
to understand how these kinds of softwares work, and all the options that can be used.
Results
I made a report summarizing the main characteristics of HyperWorks on 1D, 2D and 3D grids, as well
as the element types and simulation that it is possible to use. I also noted the interesting options like
automatic meshing, cleaning the model, etc. I find this project very complementary to the coursework of
my study program.
Keywords: finite element simulation, HyperWorks, analysis, model, element
The principle steps which are used by simulation software
Results from Radioss
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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101
The Final Year Projects Forum
Each year, students who are completing their final year of studies at Polytech Orléans compete to
participate in the Final Year Projects Forum under the direction of Jean-Jacques Yvernault. Students may
present their projects individually or in groups, after which a selection is made by each department head
of those projects which will compete before a jury of knowledgeable professionals from businesses and
institutions in the wider community. During the Forum, each student or group of students presents the
project over the course of an entire day, beginning with a general assembly during which a brief oral
description and PowerPoint® presentation is made. This is followed by in-depth discussions with each jury
member at individual stands constructed by the students, where they are able to give a more detailed
explanation of their work. The jury selects and makes an award to each of the three best projects of the
Forum.
The Final Year Projects Forum promotes the relationship between the school, its students and the
business community and allows students to make direct contact with those companies who might wish
to recruit graduates in their field.
POLYTECH ORLEANS
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103
Index of student names
ABABOU, Soukaina
ABOU WAKIL, Redouane
ACHOURI, Hind
AHOVI, Samuel
ASSADI, Emeric
BABIELLE, Sébastien
BACH, Florent
BARBERIO, Lauriane
BARNAUD, Florian
BARONA, Florian
BARRET, Pauline
BATCRABERE, Romain
BAUR, Joryk
BAZILE, Chloé
BEAUDOIN, Paul
BEAUVAIS, Cédric
BELLOTO, Fiona
BELTRAN YEE, Alejandro
BENDRISS-AMRAOUI, Mehdi
BENTALEB, Yassine
BEZIAS, Jonathan
BIGORGNE, Thomas
BILLON, Fanny
BOISSONNEAU, Alexandre
BOLZAN, Simon
BONFARNUZZO, Jean
BOSIO, Félix
BOUNABI, Abdelhak
BOUTTER, Alexandre
BURNIER-DECHON, Lionel
CAGNON, Guillaume
CAMBE, Laura
CATTELAIN-LOPEZ, Xavier
CHALABI, Khiereddine
CHEN, Cheng
CHEN, Jiaying
CHEN, Xiu
CHENCHANA, Bilel
CITTADINI, Aurélie
CLOIX, Raphaël
COFFIGNIER, Kevin
COJAN, Pierre
CORROT, Pauline
CORSETTE, Florian
COUTE, Maxime
CRANDAL, Julien
CROIXMARIE, Morgan
DAI, Yajie
31
48
14
62
79
62
88
37
78
25
56
88
83
50
60
80
38
63
89
29
33
56
42
76
73
16
68
13
58
64
54
51
89
11
28
71
73
90
38
85
81
93
52
64
82
74
74
70
DAMBO, Grégoire
DE GUERRY, Constantin
DE OLIVEIRA, Jonathan
DELABARRE, Elodie
DELAUNAY, Florian
DELAVALLADE, Matthieu
DESHAYES, Damien
DEZOBRY, Victor
DIAN, Raphaël
DIGUER, Arnaud
DORMIOLA, Floreentina
EL OUGLI, Salma
ESCOURROU, Thibaut
FAN, Hua
FARAUX, Kenny
FAVRET, Edouard
FERNANDES ABADE, Gil
FERNANDES, Damien
FETJAH, Salma
FEUGERE, Clément
FREITAS, Rémi
FRICK, Céline
GAUME, Benjamin
GENTY, Florian
GERMANT, Michael
GOT, Alexis
GOURIOU, Clément
GUAN, Li
GUEGAN, Thibaut
GUEYE, Ndeye
GUISSOUS, Kamel
HANS, Théo-Paul
HASSANZADEH, Sahar
HASSOUNI, Redouane
HELOU, Dorian
HENRY, David
HISSEIN, Mahamat
HUANG, Kai
HUART, Elisabeth
ILIES, Alexandru
IRIS, Nicolas
JIANG, Shiju
KERUZORE, Nicolas
KOCH, Damien
KONG, Ling Kun
LALECHERE, Bastien
LE MORLEC, Antoine
LEBON, Michel
59
18
51
59
12
67
68
82
58
60
96
89
33
91
79
49
41
36
72
69
41
37
89
98
87
79
75
86
84
46
22
50
20
48
40
89
40
79
52
76
99
95
84
65
94
39
36
65
LEFILS, Simon
LESTANT, Clément
LESUR, Clément
LEVEAU, Julie
LI, Na
LI, Yuanbo
LIOCHON, Virginie
LIU, Shuai
LOPEZ, Thomas
LOUVANCOUR, Romain
MA, Shan Jun
MAHO, Thomas
MAYANDJI, Tex Derryck
MENEAU, Yoann
MONCOUYOUX, Guillaume
MOREL, Thomas
MORENO, Miguel
MOUSSAOUI, Merouane
NIVET, Gary
NOVELLI, Coralie
OCAKLI, Erol
OLIVIER, Edouard
PANTALEAO, Déborah
PEREIRA MARQUES, Guillaume
POLNECQ, Sébastien
PONTHIER, Geoffrey
RENAUD, Adrien
RICHARD, Alexandre
RICHARD, Marion
RICHEBE, Charles-Edouard
ROGER, Benjamin
ROLAND, Charles
SAIMOEN, Jean-Mickael
SALHAMI, Hajar
SCHOTT, Samuel
SEGUY, Claire
SIWANE, Merouan
SLIWA, Alexandre
SY, Baca
TECHER, Anthony
TRANNOIS, Vincent
VEZIEN, Cédric
VIGINIAT, Guillaume
WACOGNE, Olivier
WU, Xinfeng
XU, Feng
YIN, Peng
YON, Bryan
32
93
19
53
71
90
16
77
23
47
94
19
66
43
15
26
86
21
46
42
57
43
97
55
17
44
54
27
53
39
97
92
85
69
72
44
92
47
49
75
45
45
55
10
95
96
30
24
POLYTECH ORLEANS
UNIVERSITE D'ORLEANS
Polytech Orléans
School of Engineering of the University of Orléans
8 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45072 Orléans cedex 2, FRANCE
www.polytech-orleans.fr

Student Projects Catalogue 2012-13

Transcription

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