Spring edition Newsletter

Transcription

Spring edition Newsletter
S.W.C.D.
PUBLISHED BY:
VANDERBURGH COUNTY SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
921 NORTH PARK DRIVE  EVANSVILLE, INDIANA 47710
VOL. XXXV No. 1
C e l e b r at i n g 7 4 Y e a r s
Southwest SWCD
Contractor’s Workshop a
huge success
Spring 2014
ject coming up and would like to receive copies of this
updated list please contact your local SWCD and we
would be happy to provide you with one.
Please stay in contact with your SWCD to find out what
other events we have planned for 2014.
By: Erica Burkemper-Fischer, Pike Co. SWCD Administrator
The “Fabulous Five” SWCD’s teamed up with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to host a
free Contractor’s Workshop & Breakfast for area excavating contractors. This workshop was held on January
23 at the Wirth Community Building in Oakland City,
Indiana. Over 60 contractors representing 19 excavating companies, agency partners and others interested
in the technical side of conservation were in attendance some coming from as far east as Spencer County,
Indiana and then as far west as Lawrenceville, Illinois.
The morning kicked off with introductions of the hosts:
Gibson, Pike, Posey, Warrick and Vanderburgh County
SWCDs and the NRCS Technicians. Wes Bryan, NRCS
Area Ag Engineer then took the reins and discussed the
future of the NRCS Tech team and gave updates on the
survey, design and layout of projects in the near future.
After an enjoyable breakfast by the Oakland City Lions
Club, NRCS Area Engineer, Trevor Shepard, then gave
another presentation on material specs and drainage
flow during conservation construction. Following Shepard was David Carr, an IDEM representative from the
southwest. Carr gave a presentation on IDEM Permitting 101 and answered several questions regarding the
issues surrounding this topic. The morning was topped
off with ten participants in attendance receiving door
prizes which were shirts from the Pike, Posey and Gibson County SWCD’s and also included free equipment
rental tickets from the Warrick County SWCD.
Those in attendance owning an excavating business
were asked to complete an Excavating Contractors Information Sheet that will allow the SWCD’s to update
their contractor’s list. If you have a construction pro-
Contractor Pic: A good sized crowd was in attendance
for the Contractor’s Workshop. Here Wes Bryan, NRCS
Ag Engineer, gives his presentation on NRCS requirements for conservation construction.
MISSION STATEMENT :
OUR MISSION IS TO PROVIDE
QUALITY CONSERVATION SERVICES
RESULTING IN A HARMONIOUS BALANCE
BETWEEN NATURAL RESOURCES,
SOCIAL CHANGE
AND ECONOMIC HEALTH WITHIN
VANDERBURGH COUNTY
BY FOSTERING INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS
Page 2
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
Envirothon SW Region
Results are in….
Hornaday Park in Petersburg was the site for this year’s regional Envirothon. It was held this past Tuesday, March 11 th,
at the Pike County 4-H fairgrounds. High school teams from
the SW Region of Indiana squared off against each other in
this year’s highly
competitive event.
The weather for
the day was a
balmy 73 degrees
and sunny skies,
which was quite
unusual for this
year.
The teams of five
students (grades
9-12), representing a school or
organization, compete at Indiana
Envirothon Contests by answering questions and by studying
resource problems in each of the five environmental areas
which include: soils/land use, aquatic ecology, wildlife, forestry, and a current environmental issue changed annually.
Natural resource professionals speak to teams on a rotating
basis during the Regional Contests. Job
experiences and information pertaining to
the resource areas will
be taught. The teams
are given tests covering the five resource
areas. The top three
teams from each Regional will be invited to
compete at the Indiana
State Envirothon Contest which will be held
Wednesday April 30th
at the Beck Agricultural
Center in West Lafayette, Indiana.
The Indiana Association of Soil and Water
Districts;
IASWCD
Auxiliary; Indiana Farm Bureau, Inc.; Hoosier National Forest; and Environmental Education Association of Indiana are
proud to sponsor this annual event.
There were 16 teams that competed this year from the following High Schools/Homeschools- Gibson Homeschoolers,
Washington High School (2 teams), Forest Park (2 teams),
North Daviess, Rivet High School (2 teams), Mt. Vernon High
School (2 teams), Southridge (2 teams), South Spencer (2
teams), Princeton High School and Union High School. Congratulations go out to Gibson Homeschholers for taking First
place, Washington High School-Team 1 for earning second
place and taking third place was Rivet High School- Team 1.
These top three teams will move on to the State Envirothon
Competition in April.
Spring
Rain Barrel Decorating and
Auction is set
EVANSVILLE CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE
AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
presents
"DASANI -Every Drop Counts"
The City Engineer's Storm Water Management Program is
excited to announce a fun and unique partnership to beautify
our city. improve water quality and conserve resources! Coca
Cola is donating 55 gallon plastic drums which will be converted into Rain Barrels. Rain Barrels collect and store rainwater. which can be used later on to irrigate gardens and
lawns.
Here comes the "fun" part: the Rain Barrels will be decorated
by residents, groups, students, and families/children of all
ages or organizations. displayed at public locations, and then
auctioned off to be used throughout the City and County.
The group decorating the Rain Barrel will receive all the proceeds from the auction!
The barrels will be on display at the Ford Center, Civic Center , Eastland Mall , Washington Square Mall and at the Zoo!
Pictures of barrels will be on the city engineers office Facebook page and Karan Barnhill will be taking bids on the barrels from the Facebook page as well! A News conference
with the mayor and some participants is set for March 20th!
The barrels are due back on April 5th at the Zoo from 8 am
until noon. The program will conclude at Mesker Park Zoo
with “The party for the planet” at 11 a.m. on April 26th and
Mayor Winnecke will be present to discuss the program at
2:00 p.m.
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
2014
ON FARM NETWORK
INDIANA
On Farm Network will be signing up new participants this
year in most of the counties in Southwest Indiana. We have
several groups going and plenty of room left for new participants. The Lower Wabash is one group that we are signing
up and anyone interested should contact:
Linda Powell, Resource Specialist
229 S 2nd Avenue
Princeton, IN 47670
cell 812 698-2278
[email protected]
OR:
Your Local SWCD at
Vanderburgh County
812-423-4426 ex 3.
The On-Farm Network® is a
group of crop producers interested in economics, stewardship,
and reducing their environmental
footprint.
The goal of the Indiana On-Farm Network® is to advance
two critical components to driving improved farm-level performance:
1) access to and education on the use of effective, affordable
tools and strategies to assess and verify on-farm environmental and economic performance and
Page 3
Cover Crop Breakfast
Thursday March 27th, 2014
7:30– 11:30 am central time
Wirth Park Community Center
Oakland City, Indiana
Tickets: $5.00
PARP Credits are an additional $10
Presentations by:
Andy Like
Gary Seibert
Julie Loehr
Linda Powell
Hans Schmitz
RSVP by March 25 at
www.covercropbreakfast.eventbrite.com
or contact
Vanderburgh County SWCD
812-423-4426 ex 3
2) coordination of data collection, analysis, and feedback to
farmers using these tools at the individual farm level and in
aggregate across multiple farms in a geographic region.
Participating farmers use precision ag tools and technologies
to conduct research on their own farms. Through the OnFarm Network®, farmers use this data from their own farms
and others in their area to evaluate the effectiveness and
economic pros and cons of different management practices,
such as nutrient application rates, timing, and form. Farmers
not only evaluate the effectiveness of different practices on
their own farm, but benefit from aggregate data across multiple farms and years.
The end result is farmer-driven adaptive management in real
time – farmers gathering and making beneficial changes
based on data from their own fields and those of others. The
farmers are in the driver's seat, which significantly increases
buy in to the results and willingness to make long-term
changes. Key tools include the cornstalk nitrate test (CSNT),
aerial imagery, and replicated strip trials.
Hosted by the Southwest Indiana SWCD’s
Gibson, Pike, Posey, Vanderburgh & Warrick
Page 4
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
Indiana Farm Service Agency
5981 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
317-290-3315
www.fsa.usda.gov/in
Natural Resources Conservation Service
6013 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
317-290-3200
www.in.nrcs.usda.gov
News Release
PR-13-25
Spring
operators can have an adverse effect on eligibility for current benefits. For example, the owner of a property cleared
a wooded area in 2010 and then sold the land in 2012. If
the new owner plants a crop on the cleared area and it is
later found to be a converted wetland, there is a potential
for a loss of program benefits.
“When acquiring a new farm it is very important to compare
the recent imagery with the actual cropping lines in the field
and get copies of any technical determinations on file,” stated Wickard. “NRCS staff can provide technical assistance to
assist landowners, but it is vital that assistance be requested
and determinations are completed before the action is taken,” added Hardisty.
Producers should contact their local Farm Service Agency
(FSA) office for additional details.
Conservation Compliance and
USDA Benefits
Indianapolis, December 20, 2013 – Indiana leaders at the
USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) and Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) are issuing an important reminder to program participants about conservation compliance. “Despite the expiration of many farm bill programs,
the 1985 Conservation Compliance provisions remain intact,”
stated FSA State Executive Director Julia A. Wickard.
These Highly Erodible Land (HEL) Conservation (HELC) and
Wetland Conservation Compliance (WC) provisions affect
eligibility for nearly all FSA and NRCS programs. This includes loans, direct payments, conservation, and disaster
programs.
“NRCS technical experts make these determinations and FSA
maintains the official records of USDA determinations,” noted
Jane Hardisty, NRCS State Conservationist. “It is a joint
USDA effort to assist Indiana landowners in protecting environmentally sensitive lands.”
Farmers who produce an agricultural commodity on fields
where HEL is predominant are eligible for benefits unless
NRCS determines that an acceptable conservation system is
not actively applied.
Under the Wetland Conservation Compliance (WC) Provisions,
farmers are ineligible for benefits if they plant an agricultural
commodity on a wetland that was converted after Dec. 23,
1985 or if they convert a wetland after Nov. 28, 1990, by
draining, dredging, filling, leveling or any other means for the
purpose, or to have the effect, of making the production of
an agricultural commodity possible.
It is vital that landowners and operators know their land and
have a record of all NRCS technical determinations. If activities are planned to make crop production possible, producers should visit the FSA to review records and complete the
forms to determine whether a referral to NRCS is necessary.
This is especially important when new farming interests are
acquired, as activities performed by prior landowners and
MarketMaker Connects
Farmers to Markets
The National Food MarketMaker Program is a virtual supply
chain to help farmers sell their products at a premium price.
The project was created by University of Illinois Marketing
and Development Specialist Darlene Knipe. MarketMaker is
an electronic platform to connect farmers with products to
markets. The project was started in the Quad Cities. Their
very first partner was Iowa State in 2005, and ever since
they have been adding states.
It has grown from a beginning of 12 farmers and now there
are 600,000 business profiles in the system, and MarketMaker has expanded to 20 states. Some of these businesses are
self-registered, and some are purchased information. Every
farmer in the system is self-registered because there are no
yellow pages for farmers.
Indiana has joined the MarketMaker Network and this is a
great opportunity for farmers and farmers markets in Indiana
to promote themselves and their products as well as check
out other suppliers that they might be interested in. You can
access MarketMaker on the Indiana State Department of
Agriculture Website. You can look at information such as the
other states that are involved also census information that
could be helpful in market development. There are also links
to register new farms and farm markets that want to take
advantage of this promotional opportunity. Just log on to
Indiana State Department of Agriculture Website at
www.in.gov/isda/ and find the menu on the right and click
on Indiana MarketMaker. You can register your farm or
farmers market at no cost to you and become part of the
network.
Linda Powell, Resource Specialist
2014
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
73rd Annual Dinner &
Meeting was Outstanding
The Vanderburgh County Soil and Water Conservation District annual meeting
took place on February
25th at the 4H fairgrounds Banquet Hall.
It was well attended
this year with approximately 100 people
gathering for the festivities. Included in the
evenings fun was a
dinner by Anne Farney,
and numerous door
prizes from our wonderfully generous sponsors.
As you may know, the annual get together is actually state
mandated, and the primary purpose is to elect our supervisors for the upcoming cycle. This year, there were two supervisor positions open, and both were filled by the incumbents . Scott Winiger was the Governors appointee, reappointed for a second term, and Wayne Fehd was elected
at the meeting by a show of hands from the attending public. This is Wayne’s third full term.
The oath of office was given to both gentlemen by the honorable Vanderburgh County Superior Court Judge Les Shively. Judge Shively was also kind enough to say a few words
of remembrance for the late Judge Bill Brune, who had been
a mentor for Les going as far back as high school. Judge
Brune had been a longtime friend to the conservation efforts
in Vanderburgh County having worked closely with several
of the Board Supervisors over the decades. Several awards
were given out during the
evening as well.
Hugh Miller, local business
man and farmer, received the
prestigious River Friendly
Farmer Award, taking home a
large metal sign designed to be
placed outside his fifth generation farm proclaiming the
award.
The Buffalo Trace Council of the Boy Scouts of America was
presented the Community Conservation Award for the many
projects completed by Eagle Scouts at the Eagle Slough
Natural Area. This site was
immensely improved by
their efforts and can now be
visited in comfort by the
public.
The Urban Conservationist
Award was given to Steven
Ruppert, Mark Schauss, Phillip
LaRue, Wayne Hancock, and
Ron Owens for their installation
of hoop houses at their place of
business which are used to help
lengthen the growing season
Page 5
for their locally grown produce which is shared with the public.
The Conservation Educators
Award was taken by the
Green Team…a group of a
dozen local citizens not affiliated with any one group or
business, but simply brought
together by their shared love
of conservation and the beauty of nature. Dona Bergman
and Paul Bauseman were present to receive the award.
The evening was wrapped up with a presentation by Marty
Finney of Daylight Farm Supply concerning his work in
Bolivia. He had numerous
slides of the area depicting
the conditions that existed
there prior to his efforts and
some more that show the
way it looks now, thanks to
the important work he does
in the area of soil health
management. There are many lessons to be learned from
the work accomplished in such a difficult terrain and climate.
This concluded the evening’s events. Our thanks go out to all
those who attended as well as all of our sponsors.
T-Shirts are for Sale!!!
The Vanderburgh County SWCD will have the “Don’t Farm
Naked” T-shirts for sale in the office. You may stop by the
office to pick them up, please call the office (812-423-4426
ex. 3) first before stopping by as we may be out of the office. T-Shirts will be for sale for $10 a shirt. There are two
different colors available– in green and grey. Checks and
cash will be accepted only.
Page 6
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
Boy Scout Soil and Water
Conservation Merit Badge
Workshop
Camp Reveal - East Boonville-New Harmony
Rd., (~1 mile east of the Vanderburgh County
4-H Fairgrounds) Evansville, IN
Saturday, May 17th
8:00 am – 3:00 pm (central time)
The Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) of Southwest Indiana are hosting a Soil and Water Conservation Merit
Badge Workshop for Boy Scouts in the Buffalo Trace Council.
During this workshop the scouts will complete all the requirements to earn their merit badge. Instruction will include a
program in a classroom setting and outside work to complete
a conservation project. There is a $5 fee to cover the cost of
materials. Scouts will need to bring a sack lunch, writing
utensil, paper, work gloves, shovel, a blue card and weather
appropriate clothing including sturdy closed toed shoes. To
register or for more information, please contact Carrie Parmenter at the Posey County SWCD at [email protected] or (812) 838-4191 x 3. Space
is limited so please register before May 10th.
Female Farmers of Indiana
workshop set for April
The southwest SWCD’s will be hosting a workshop just for the
girls this time. Gibson, Pike, Posey, Vanderburgh and Warrick
County SWCD’s are teaming up to host the first Female Farmers of Indiana workshop on Saturday, April 12th at the Vanderburgh County Fairgrounds banquet room in Evansville,
Indiana. The workshop will start off with registrations at
9:00am central time and run till about 2pm. Lunch will be
catered by Fazoli’s and the cost will be $5.00 per person payable at the door to cover meeting material and meals. Women of all ages
are encouraged to attend to gain a more in depth look at the
ins and outs of a farm business.
This workshop geared to assist the women in our agricultural
communities, will include topics that cover land leasing, grain
market, small business ownerships, soil health and the intracite world of loans and insurance. The SWCD’s are in the last
stages of planning and will be mailing out invitations soon
however if you want to participate or have any questions
please call your local SWCD office for more assistance
Vanderburgh County SWCD
812-423-4426 ex 3.
Spring
Council Court of Honor
Awarded
At the Council Court of Honor, Saturday February 22 nd,
water quality specialist Mark Abell presents the SWCD
Community Conservation Group award to Kevin Aker,
the new Council Commissioner for the Buffalo Trace
Council. The award was for conservation work at Eagle Slough over the past few years by Eagle Scouts
Cody Weidner, Ben Rupert, Jonathon Felton, Mitchell
Culley, Philip Lax, and Trevor Lax.
“C O M I N G T O G E T H E R N E W S L E T T E R ”
2014
Page 7
VANDERBURGH COUNTY SWCD
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS:
Heath Hamilton, Chairman, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Biologist
David Ellison, Vice-Chairman, Agriculturalist
Stephen Helfrich, Secretary, USI Facilities Dir.
Wayne Fehd, Farmer/Business Owner
Scott Winiger, Program Director, Camp Reveal
OFFICE STAFF:
SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT (SWCD)
Mark Abell, Water Quality Specialist
Erin Shoup, Administrative Assistant
Board
Meetings
are held
on the
fourth
Tuesday
of each
month
Unless
otherwise
advertised.
The public
is invited
to attend
All
meetings
ASSOCIATES:
Paul Bouseman, Botanical Curator
Maurice Berendes, Retired AT&T Mechanic, Farm
Susan Fowler, Education/Artist
John Hahn, Owner, Jack Hahn & Associates
Fay Heil, Phlebotomist
Kay Hoffherr, Teacher, Central High School
Jeff Mueller, County Surveyor
Les Nunn, J.D./Professor USI
Lauren Preske, Environmental Educator
Mike Ruder, EVPL Director of Facilities
Dennis Verkamp, President of Biagi, Chance, Cummins, London,
Titzer Consulting
NATURAL RESOURCE, CONSERVATION SERVICE (NRCS)
Mark Cambron, District Conservationist
INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (ISDA)
Linda Powell, Resource Specialist
OFFICE LOCATION
VANDERBURGH COUNTY SWCD
921 North Park Dr.
Evansville, IN 47710-3629
http://www.vandswcd.org
TELEPHONE: (812) 423-4426
FAX (855) 408-4686
This newsletter is compliments of the following sponsors and all of the organizations that make our
program successful during the year.
Farm Credit Mid-America
15747 Neeley Street
Evansville, Indiana 47725
UMBACH
&
(812) 867-3009
(800) 345-2835
Fax: (812) 867-6365
ASSOCIATES, LLP
CERTIFIED
PUBLIC
ACCOUNTANTS
Warren J. Ingram, CPA, Partner
400 Bentee Wes Court
Evansville, IN 47715
(812) 477-2244
Fax (812) 421-9303
[email protected]
www.umbach.com
POSEY COUNTY CO-OP
Haubstadt  Poseyville
St. Wendel  Mt. Vernon 
(812) 838-4468
F. Stephen Sheets & Associates
Proudly serving the elder law and estate planning
needs of the Southern Indiana farming community.
417 N. Weinbach Ave., Suite 110
Evansville, IN 47711(812) 476-2762
www.ssheets.com
(812) 386-6580
Fax:
(812) 386-7537
E-mail:
[email protected]
1198 S. KIESEL DRIVE
PRINCETON, IN 47670 www.kieselent.com
Place your Ad here….
425-2229
R. BREIVOGEL ELECTRIC, INC.
Residential and Commercial
Installation and Repair
Licensed Insured Bonded
RANDY BREIVOGEL(812) 422-4766
Goedde Oil, Inc.
423-8020
800-758-6196 • 812-768-5232
www.oaksprinting.net
1240 E. SR 68 • Haubstadt, IN 47639
Fax: 812-768-5178
Email: [email protected]
Paul Goedde - President
Place your Ad here….
625 Ingle Street
Evansville, IN 47708
Place your Ad here….
NONPROFIT ORG.
U.S.POSTAGE
PAID
Evansville, Indiana 47708
Permit No. 47
S.W.C.D.
PUBLISHED BY:
Vanderburgh County Soil & Water Conservation District
921 NORTH PARK DRIVE
EVANSVILLE, INDIANA 47710
Return Service Requested
P l e a s e Do n ’t T r a sh M e -P a s s M e!
I’m recycled and recyclabl e
IN THIS ISSUE:
CONTRACTOR’S WORKSHOP A HUGE SUCCESS
ENVIROTHON SW REGION RESULTS ARE IN
RAIN BARREL DECORATING AND AUCTION IS SET
ON FARM NETOWRK INDIANA
COVER CROP BREAKFAST
CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE AND USDA BENEFITS
MARKETMAKER CONNECTS FRMAERS TO MARKETS
73RD ANNUAL DINNER & MEETING WAS OUTSTANDING
BOY SCOUT SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION MERIT BADGE WORKSHOP
FEMALE FARMERS OF INDIANA WORKSHOP APRIL 12TH
COUNCIL COURT OF HONOR AWARDED
This newsletter is compliments of the following sponsors and all of the organizations that make our
program successful during the year.
Farm Equipment
No added ingredients
963-5647
MARTIN FARM DRAINAGE, INC.
10100 Hwy. 165 N.Poseyville, IN
800-245-9180
Hwy 41 N  Princeton, IN
800-245-1680
www.jlfarm.com  www.jlprinceton.com
ALLEN RELLEKE
EXCAVATING, LLC
FIELD TILE INSTALLATION LASER EQUIPPED
DITCH CLEANING AND DUMP TRUCK SERVICE
SCRAPER RENTAL - BACKHOE WORK - DOZER WORK
DRYDAM INSTALLATION - ROCK CHUTES AND TILE REPAIR
BUD MARTIN
(812) 845-2796
CLEARING, LAKES, CONSERVATION WORK
RANDY MARTIN
(812) 874-2723
Ken Adler
Doug Adler
Cell: (812) 480-9323
Home: (812) 867-2702
Cell: (812) 480-9324
Home: (812) 963-8102
ADS Pipe • Basements • Clearing • Conservation Work •
Grading
EVANSVILLE
WATER
HAULING, INC.
812-867-5858
RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL SERVICE
Call us for your next special event! We have indoor
and outdoor rental facilities that seat from 25 up
to 1000 people. And we have no
catering restrictions!
Call us at 812.867.6217
www.vanderburgh4hcenter.com
812-305-3051 ® 812-963-5000
WORTMAN ELECTRIC CO.
Over 80 Years of Quality Service to
Home - Business & Industry
NEW WIRING  RE-WIRING  ELECTRIC REPAIR & SERVICE
FOR ANYTHING ELECTRIC
867-5087 or Brandon - 568-1190
DAYLIGHT LAND MANAGEMENT
Erosion Control Products
Silt Fence, Geotextiles, Erosion Control Blankets,
Grass Seeds, and Fertilizers
C USTOM I NSTALLATION & S EEDING A VAILABLE
S OUTHERN I NDIAN A D RAIN AGE
DRAINAGE TILE SALES & INSTALLATION  EXCAVATION
8940 N. HWY 65  CYNTHIANA, IN
GREG BLANKENBERGER
OWNER
W E HAVE M ODERN S TAINLESS S TEEL D ELIVERY T ANKS
S WIMMING P OOL F ILLING S PECIALIST
4505 E. Boonville New Harmony Road  Evansville, IN 47725
(812) 867-2463  (800) 264-2463  Fax: (812) 867-6037
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OFFICE: 812-449-0007  TILE YARD SALES: 812-453-1418
ALL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES OF THE S OIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT ARE OFFERED ON A NONDISCRIMINATORY B ASIS,
WITHOUT REGARD TO RACE, COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN, RELIGION, S EX, AGE, M ARITAL S TATUS OR HANDICAP.