Lujan, N. K., J. W. Armbruster and M. H. Sabaj.
Transcription
Lujan, N. K., J. W. Armbruster and M. H. Sabaj.
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2, pp. 163-174,6 figs., I tab.,June2007 @2007by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Miinchen, Germany - ISSN0935-9902 Two new speciesof Pseudflncistrusfrom sou (Siluriforrnes: Loricariidae) Nathan K. Lujan*, JonathanW. Armbruster* and M Two new speciesof Pseudancistrus are describedfrom the upper Rio Orinoco an zuela.Pseudancistrus pectegenitor was collectedin the main channel of the Rio Or Ventuari and in the middle reachesof the Rio Casiquiare.It differs from conge rays (vs. seven),adpressedcheek odontodes reaching to three or more plates b maximally to rear edge of the opercle),plates of ventral row of caudal pedunc concave,accentuatingthe medial keel of the ventral plate row (shared with P. s internal to the dentary tooth cup (shared wilh P. coquenani, P, orinoco,and P. ye known only from the type locality, immediately upstream of Salto Tencua in th from congenersby having large oral papillae internal to the dentary tooth cup noco,and P. pectegenitor),lowerlip reaching to middle of pectoral girdle (vs. to a pectoral-fin spine maximally reaching posterior baseof the pelvic-fin spine when fin (vs. at least halfway through pelvic-fin insertion) and by severalmorphomet (familia Loricariidae Sedescribendos especiesnuevasdel g6nercPseudancrsfrls y del Rio Negro en el sur de Venezuela.Pseudancistrus pectegenitor fue colecta Orinoco cercade la boca del Rio Ventuari y en los tramos medios del Rio Casiq cong6nerespor presentar10-11radios en la altea dorsal (vs. siete),odontodos en placaspor detr6s del op€rculo en adultos cuando seencuentranen posici6n retra alld del borde posterior del op€rculo), placas de la fila ventral del pedrinculo c presentanuna profunda concavidad y acent(an la quilla medial de la fila de pl tida con P.sidereus),papilas orales de gran tamafro situadas en posici6n inter P. orinoco,and P. yekuana).Pseudancistrus yekuanas compartida con P. coquenani, lidad tipo, en las inmediacionessuperioresal Salto Tencuaen la parte alta del R de sus cong6nerespor presentar papilas orales de gran tamafro situadas en po (condici6n compartida con P. coquenani, P. orinoco,and P. pectegenifor), labio infer media de la cintura pectoral (vs. alcanzandorinicamenteel borde anterior de l aleta pectoral alcanzandoa lo sumo el borde posterior de la base de Ia espina posici6n extendida hacia la aleta p€lvica (vs. alcanzandopor lo menos hasta la aleta p6lvica) y por varias diferenciasmorfom€tricas. Department of Biological Sciences,Auburn University,33l Funchess,Aubur E-mail: NKL: [email protected],JWA: [email protected] Academy of Natural Sciences,1900Beniamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelph E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No.2 164 proximally alo tooth cup (Fig The Proterozoic outcrops in the upper Orinoco individuals in t are an incredibly species-rich and historically ing from a sin under-studied habitat for loricariid catfishes,as clusters of sma evidencedby this and severalother recentspecies mens of other descriptions(for example,Wernekeet a1.,2005a; Armbruster (2 Pseudancistr Werneke et al., 2005b;Armbruster, 2005; Armbruster et a1.,2007).Recentfieldwork in Amazo- principal comp nas, Venezuelaby AUM, ANSP, and MCNG has metric data w yielded several hundred lots of loricariids col- matrix and loglected largely from rocky habitats in the upper (Vers. 5.01a,S an Rio Orinoco,upper Rio Negro, and many tributar- P. coquenani ies thereof.Included in theseare at leasttwo new PCA becauset with enlarged dentary metric differen speciesof.Pseudancisfrus papillae. Armbruster (2004a-b)redescribedand diagPseudancis and treatedLithoxnosedthe genusPseudancistrus ancistrusand Guyanancrsf rusasjunior synonyms. Armbruster (2004b)listed 14 nominal speciesin Pseudancistrus of which 12 are currently consid- Holotype. MC ered valid. Of these,two species,P. coquenaniand 241.6mm SL; V P. orinocohavelarge oral papillae on eachdentary uiare,bedrock just internal to the tooth cup (Fig.1). This char- de Rio Negro acterwas usedby Isbnickeret al. (1988)to propose 2005,N. K. Lu the new genusLithoxancistrus for their new species M. Arce, R. Be L. orinoco;however, dentary papillae also occur Paratypes.AU in Chaetostoma and some Cordylancistrus(Armbruster, 2004a-b;fWA, pers. obs.). The purpose Amazonas:Ri of this paper is to describe two new speciesof Carlosde Rio N Pseudancistrus that share with P. coquenaniand March 2005,N P. orinocothe presenceof dentary papillae. One 173.6mm SL;V is large with an beachand bed of these species,P. pectegenitor, Fernandode A increased number of dorsal-fin rays, making it very easy to diagnose from other Pseudancistrus 4UM421.8'D,2 despite a sample size of only four adults. The Rio Orinoco, second species,P.yekuana,is small and very 80.8km W of S similar to P. orinoco.Infact, P. yekuanamay not N 56'58'19"W havebeeneasilydiagnosedfrom P. orinocoif they al. were not sympatric. Diagnosis. P diagnosedfrom 10-11dorsal-f Methods odontodes rea Counts and measurements follow Armbruster yond the oper (2003).Character numbers and states are from edge of operc Armbruster (2004b)and are presentedin paren- dancistrusexce theses.One specimenof eachspecieswas cleared of the ventral and stained (cs.) for examinationof bone and dorsal lamina cartilageusing the methodsof Taylor & Van Dyke the medial kee (1985).Institutionalabbreviationsare as in Levi- tral plate row s ton et al. (1985).Dentary papillae are defined as and from all P a simple papilla or clusters of papillae located P.orinoco,and Introduction Fig. 1. Mouth of; a, Pseudancistrus yekuana;and b P. pectegenitor. Arrows point papillae proximally on eachdentary just internal to the tooth cup (vs.papillae absent;Fig. l). Pseudancistruspectegenitorcan be further diagnosed from P. coquenani,P.orinoco, and P. yekuanaby having a larger pectoral-fin spine (38.342.2VoSL vs.22.0-31,.4) and from P. coquenaniand P. orinoco by having a smaller head-dorsal length (5.66.8 VoSL vs. 8.0-12.2). Description. Morphometrics presented in Table 1. Meristics basedon four individuals. Large loricariids, largest specimen241.5mm SL. Body squat with large, dorsoventrally depressedhead and stout trunk. Snout sloped at -30o angle to orbit; dorsal profile slightly arched from orbit to posterior insertion of adipose fin with depth at adipose fin shallower than depth at orbit; body depth greatestin nuchal region. Eyesset far posteriorly on head with orbits oriented at -45o from sagittal plane. Ventral profile angled slightly downward from snout to coracoid, then flat to caudal fin. Anterior margins of snout with small to medium-sized hypertrophied odontodes. Evertible cheekplates with highly hypertrophied, distally hooked odontodes(rangeM-57), longestextending beyond posterior edge of pectoral fin. Head contours smooth with slightly raised supraorbital crest from anterolateralcorner of nares to posterior edge of pterotic. Lateral surfacesof supraorbital crest covered with odontodes slightly enlarged relative to those on surrounding plates. Nuchal region forming a broad hump slightly raised above supraoccipital and dorsal-fin base. Mouth large with broad, straight jaws nearly Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No.2 as wide as head. To ly wider than those teeth 119-164(media (median 128).Teeth medial cusp larger t with cuspsapproach of oral disk extend margins of head. M casionally bifurcate lips papillose. Pap decreasingin densit and most dense),to rior to dentary too larger and less-den to band along middl edge of lower lip d papillae present. Bu long stalk-like base Dorsal fin II,10; V-shaped; dorsal-fi large, as high or hig rior dorsal-fin rays and decreasingin le gentle arc towards a pectoral spine exten tion of pelvic fin w spine stout with odo density distally. Dis phied, intermediate cheekplates and thos fin rays as long as p to less than half of Pelvic fin I,5; pelvicof baseof anal fin w vic-fin rays as long a Fig. 2. Pseudancistrus pectegenitor, AUM 42202,227.0 mm SL; Venezuela:R N. K. Luian. spine with posterior margin of fin curving out beyond posterior tip of spine. Anal fin I,5; anterior anal-fin rays slightly longer than unbranched anal-fin ray, posterior anal-fin rays slightly shorter than unbranched anal-fin ray. First anal-fin pterygiophore not exposed to form a plateJike structure.Adipose-fin spinestraight with adipose membranenot extendingbeyond posteriorextent of spine. Caudal fin 1,1.4,I;caudal-fin spines longer than caudal-fin rays. Dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays four to five. Posterior caudal-fin margin straight. Rays of all fins supporting small odontodes. Body broad at base and compact in length, with short and stout caudal peduncle. Lateral body plates in median series25. Ventral plates forming right angle on caudal peduncle with dorsal lamina of plates concave, accentuating strong rounded keel along lower portion of caudal peduncle. Plates in middorsal row weakly arched submedially forming low ridge from cleithrum to posterior insertion of pelvic fin. Five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Abdomen naked. Color. Alcoho to charcoalgro gions of body. U and outer surfa plated breast a dusky white a Papillated surfa with dusky po of maxillary ba pattern of sma tions on head (p plates, and ski gray-tan body brown skin. Do fin spines, rays gray brown, wit fins similar or spots and verm ly lesser degre odontodes ora servedjuvenile lessuniformly b oral disk to ve distal marginsa Fig.3. Pseudancistrus pectegenlfor, holotype, MCNG 54797,241.6mm SL; Venez M. H. Sabaj. lchthyol.Explor.Freshwaters, Vol.18,No. 2 768 In live adults ground color dull olive to charcoal with lighter spots and vermiculations yellowish to tan (Fig.2). known to exhib may be better a & Provenzano tegenitorcollec Sexual dimorphism. Darwin (1882)used Psezd- ing reasonable ancistrusbarbatusto illustrate an example of adult male ([U sexual dimorphism in which males are adorned while guarding with highly hypertrophied odontodesand females hypertrophy of are not; however, both sexesin P.barbatusand platesand, to a other speciesof.Pseudancistrus are more recently and snout. A s pectegeiltorand P. ye Table 1. Selectedmorphometrics ol Pseudancistrus landmarks the measurementis between (seeArmbruster, 2003). P. pectegenitor n=4 landmarks Standard length (mm) 1,-20 In percents of standard length Predorsallength Head length Head-dorsal length Cleithral width Head-pectorallength Thorax length Pectoral-spine length Abdominal length Pelvic-spinelength Postanallength Anal-fin spine length Dorsal-pectoral depth Dorsal spine length Dorsal-pelvic depth Dorsal-fin base length Dorsal-adiposedepth Adipose-spine length Adipose-upper caudal depth Caudal peduncle depth Adipose-lower caudal depth Adipose-anal depth Dorsal-anal depth Pelvic-dorsaldepth 1-10 1-7 7-70 8-9 1-12 1,2-'t3 1.2-29 13-1,4 13-30 14-15 1,4-31, 1,0-1,2 10-11 10-13 10-16 tG17 17-'t8 1,7-1,9 15-19 1,5-17 14-'.17 1,4-16 13-16 In percents of head length Head-eyelength Orbit diameter Snout length Internareswidth Interorbital width Head depth Mouth length Mouth width Barbel length Dentary tooth cup length Premax.tooth cup length 5-7 +5 74 2-3 5-6 7-1,2 t-24 21-22 22-23 25-26 27-28 ranSe S 173.6-241,.621,6.8 2 4.0-M.2 35.9-38.1 5.6-6.8 29.2-34.1. 30.6-32.9 22.9-25.1 38.342.2 22.3-24.7 23.1-27.4 27.8-37.5 't1,.2-13.3 43.5 37.0 6.2 31,.4 31.9 24.0 40.1 23.5 24.7 29.5 1,2.2 24.6-26.4 25.7 28.8-35.2 32.0 22.6-25.5 23.9 34.0-38.0 35.6 8.8-11.1 r0.2 6.6 5.6-7.8 8.9-10.5 9.6 1,2.1-13.6 1,2.7 1,7.4-1,8.5L7.8 18.9-20.5 19.8 1,4.7-16.4 15.5 30.0-34.8 32.3 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 4 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 25.3-29.9 27.5 1,4.6-1,6.0 1s.0 65.7-69.7 58.0 1,7.0-1,2.2 77.4 33.041,.7 36.8 62.8-64.4 63.4 49.4-58.4 52.3 62.3-75.9 70.3 9.3-10.9 10.1 23.0-27.2 24.8 21,.5-26.5 24.9 1 0 7 0 3 0 4 6 0 1 2 dividual (AUM 43192,cs.,'173.5 mm SL) of unde- 12" termined sex lacked especially hypertrophied odontodes.Two other individuals (ANSP43192, 225.1;MCNG 54797,247.6mmSL)with hypertrophied odontodes similar to that of the male above were also collected but their sex was not determined. Range. Found in the main channel of the Rio Orinoco above RaudalesAutures (near mouth of Rio Ventuari), and in the Rio Casiquiare, Amazonas,Venezuela(Fig. 4). Habitat. All specimenscollected from flowing water associatedwith large rock outcropsin main river channel. One specimen collected at night with a seine in swift shallow run over bedrock. All others collected by hand from within rock crevices. Reproductive biology. In the majority of loricariids for which parental careis known, the male is the caregiver (Evers & Seidel, 2005; Gross & Sargent,1985).One presumablyadultmale (AUM 42202,227.0mm SL) was collected while caring for young in a vertical crack in bedrock immed! ately below the water's surface(Fig.2). Crevice spawning is common among the Hypostominae (Suzuki et al., 1985)and almost universal among the Ancistrini (Evers& Seidel,2005). Water level in the Casiquiare at this locality would have recently risen with the onsetof the rainy seasonjust a few weeks before, when this individual likely spawned. Seasonalspawning timed to coincide with the onset of the rainy seasonhas been observed in Hypostomusluetkeniin the Paraiba do Sul in Brazil (Mazzoni& Caramaschi,1,997),but would be in contrast to the aseasonalbreeding cycle that Winemiller (1989)observedfor hypostomines (Ancistrussp. and Hypostomusargus)in the piedmont of northern Venezuela.An incredible number of juveniles (n=485, SL<13 mm) were collectedwith the father, and dozens more from the same nest were not collected. Among the Hypostominae, this level of fecundity is less than some (e.g., Rhinelepisaspera,a broadcast spawner from which have been recorded up to 181200oocytes,avg.4T 370;Agostinho,1985),but more than others (e.g.Ancistrussp. reported by Sabajet al.,1..999, to have 20-200offspring, and Lithoxusreported by Armbruster,'1998, to have 15-17mature oocytesin two females). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2 Fig.4. Rangeof Pse (O,o),ope P.yekuana Basemapby M. I. We Etymology. From t and genitor, meanin hypertrophied odo spine,and evertible one presumably ad caring for a large br position. Pseudancistru Holotype. MCNG 42.7 mmSL;Yenezu above Salto Tencu Manapiare(5'02'52 N. K. Lujan, O. Le6 Paratypes. AUM 39 ANSP 182802,32.7 m Diagnosis. Pseuda nosedfrom allother nani, P.orinoco,an dentary papillae (v Fig. 1); from P. coqu genitor by having t middle of the pecto of the pectoral girdl 170 spine maximally reaching the posterior edge of the pelvic-fin spine when adpressedventral to the pelvic fin (vs. at least halfway through pelvic fin); and from P. pectegenitor by having 7 dorsalfin rays (vs. 10-11)and by having the evertible cheek odontodes maximally reaching the posterior end of the opercle (vs. three or more plates behind the opercle).In addition, severalmeasurements serve to separateP. yekuanaf.romP. coquenani,P. orinoco, andP. pectegenitor; however,these ratios havelittle predictive power given that there are only four specimens of P. yekuanaknown: 7oSL in P. yekuanavs. predorsallength (49.1-50.1 47.5-46.0), head length (39.9-43.8 VoSL vs. 31.238.1),head-pectoraldistance(38.3-38.9 VoSLvs. 26.8-32.9), .2 % HL v s. and mouth length (70.5-77 49.4-67.5). Description. Morphometrics presented in Table 1. Meristics basedon four individuals. Fairly small loricariids, largest specimen 42.7mm SL. Head distinctly large relative to body, with long, spatulate snout. Small eyes placed high and far back on head with orbits oriented at -45o to sagittal plane. Dorsal contour of head smooth except for slightly elevated plateau formed by modest supraorbital crestsand elevated,flat interorbital region. All dorsal and lateral surfaces of head plated and with small odontodes.Odontodes slightly larger along anterior and lateral margins of snout, along midline of snout over mesethmoid,and along supraorbital crest posterolateral to nares. Evertible cheek odontodes longest,numbering 11-13(median 12). Dorsal profile forms gentle arc from anterior margin of snout to posterior processof supraoccipital, horizontal to insertion of dorsal-fin spine, then ventrally sloping at shallow angle to insertion of dorsal caudal-fin spine. Ventral profile of head sloped slightly downward from snout to coracoid such that ventral surface of large oral disk is even with flat, horizontal ventral profile of trunk. Median plates 22-24 (mode=24). Five caudal peduncle plate rows. Abdomen naked. Mouth largewith lips occupyingalmostentire ventral surface of head. Maxillary barbel short and connectedalong most of length to lower lip by flap of skin. faws wide with slight angle of tooth cupsand inward curvatureof tooth arrangement in ventral view. Left premaxillary teeth 50-69(median 67).Left dentary teeth 63-71(median 55). Dentary papillae present. Buccal papilla present,with long, stalk-like base. Dorsal fin V-shaped;dors fin ray slightly maining rays d ray when adpre fin spine. Pec mally reaching when adpress and ventral su odontodesalon phied distally. long as pelviccreasing in le pterygiophore pose-fin memb to adipose-fin emarginate. D five; ventral pro of all fins supp Color. Alcoho brown ground with faint pat saddles,the fir beneath the m ventral sides s united midlate saddles more Undersurfaces and abdomen melanophores peduncle.Oral white and dus baseof maxilla with alternati bands (pattern evident in pec with melanop but distinct bla ormost dorsal men. Sexual dimorp Range. Known mediately abo es of at least f scribed) are cu above Salto T Brachyglanissp Tencua may fu The barrier do causePseudan Fig. s. Pseudancistrus yekuana,holotype, MCNG 54798,42.7mm SL; Venezuela Sabaj. lar to P. yekuana,was collected both above and below the falls. Habitat. All individuals collectedby castnet from torrential sheet flow over bedrock in the main channel of the upper Ventuari. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2 Etymology. The spe the Ye-kuana,the ind the upper Rio Ventu ern Venezuelaand n ous cooperation m Treatedas a noun in 172 Dentarytooth cup L. Plemaxillarytoothcup L. Headdorsal D. Dorsal-adiooseD more dorsal-fin though an incr 0.4 may be useful f 0.3 l' B f i=8 goplichthys)and Acanthicusgrou 0.2 =; that in the case 0.1 !maobscurum),th P. pectegenitor N o0 o@ rays is an auta OD o=g -0.1 DO specieslevel. P P. coquenani + number of syna o -0.2 P. oinoco ancistrus,there to -0.3 warranted. Ind l! P. yekuana Vr-0.4 P.pectegenitoi -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 amples, there a PC3 the body seem Fig. 6. PrincipalComponentsAnalysisof speciesof odontodes are Pseudancistrus with dentarypapillae.Strongest loading in Pseudancist characters shownwith theirdirectionof influence. size of the chee genitorhas all b Pseudancistrua Discussion of the dentary noco, and P.ye Armbruster (2004a)diagnosedPseudancistrus with the following: no suture between pterotic-supra- where only inC cleithrum and hyomandibula (34-0, reversal; trus. If the specim characternumbers and statesfrom Armbruster, 2004b),no contactof the hyomandibula with the not collected s prootic (35-1), straight, spoon-shaped anterior might not have processof metapterygoid (58-1),nasal bone not species.The tw form and color much wider than laterosensory canal running through it (105-0),sphenotic not contacting pos- side by side in teriormost infraorbital externally (117-1),and a identification short ventral ridge on the pelvic basipterygium rather obvious (172-1,lostin some species).Pseudancistrus pecte- quite different f genitor has four of these five characteristics, cistrusassugge varying only in that the sphenotic does contact Analysis (Fig.6 the posteriormost infraorbital externally. Pseud- few individuals ancistrusyekuanaalso has four of thesecharacter- ference betwee istics; varying only in that there is a suture be- in the analysis tween the pterotic-supracleithrum and the hyo- of true differen Pseudanci mandibula; however, the suture present is very mature at a sm weak. Pseudancistrus pectegenitoris unique among specimen(35.0m Pseudancistrus in having an increasednumber of would be see dorsal-fin rays (i.e., greater than seven).An in- specimenis onl creasednumber of dorsal-fin rays is not common specimen of ei in hypostomines;however, there are several ex- aminedis 105. amples:one speciesof Pogonopomahas ten dorsal- head supports fin rays (Quevedoand Reis,2002),Pterygoplichthys in P. yekuanath usually has 10 or more dorsal-fin rays, and the type of P.yek Acanthicusgroup (Acanthicus,Leporacanthicus,fully supportin Megalancistrus, and Pseudacanthicu)and the Cha- P. orinocofrom etostomagroup (Chaetostoma, Cordylancistrus, patches on the have eight or eral morphom Dolichancistrus,and Leptoancistrus) tet and P. orinoco; however, only three specimens of P. yekuana were measured, and these characters are suspect until more specimens become available. The snout of P. yekuana is much more elongate when compared against specimens of similar size, the pectoral fins much shorter, and the lower lip is so long that it almost reaches beyond the pectoral girdle (see Diagnosis). Thanksespeciallyto O collected the specim Thanks to M. Arce, R. L. deSouza,T. Wesley dez, D. Brooks, F. Brit D. Werneke for aid i Betancurfor the Span Lite Comparative material, Pseudancistrus coquenani: Yenezuela:AMNH 31023,6, 53.9-62.9mm SL; Bolivar: Rio Agostinho, A. A. 1985 Paraguaat GusanoRapids,Rio Caroni dr., 1-1.5hours e crescimentode R (5"30'N upriver from Rio Carapo mouth 63"36'W). (Osteichthyes,Lor "17525,2, MCNG @.6-94.4mm SL; Bolivar: Rfo Caroni Pr. PhD dissertati dr., Rio Supamo 12 km N of la Piedra del Supamo Carlos,56o Carlos (6'59'N 62"23'W).- MCNG 18339,5, 58.8-94.4mm SL; Armbruster, J. W. 199 Rio Caroni dr., middle Rio Tocomo below entranceof tract for holding a railway below high tension cables (7"50'40"N 40'63' catfishes. Copeia,' 05"W).- MCNG 18470,6,52.2-62.9 mm SL; Bolivar, Rio j 2003.Peckolt ia saba Caroni dr., Rfo Claro east of Los Tanques (7"55'20"N Shield (Siluriform 63'06'05"W). NMW 48023,2 syntypes, 75.5-78.6mm 1-72. SL; Bolivar: Rio Caroni dr., Rio Coquenan. - 20Ma. Pseudanci P. orinoco:Venezuela:ANSP 1@6N,5,79.i79.0 mm southern Venezu SL; Amazonas: Rio Orinoco, Raudales de Atures, at with a redescriptio Culebra,ca7 km Sof PuertoAyacucho(5'35'N 67'31'W). 1-15. - ANSP 165824,1,78.1 mm SL;Apure: Rio Araucadr., 2004b. Phylogene cafronear El Yagua (7'30'N 68'20'W).- AUM 39479,5, mouth armored c 56.7-82.4 mmSL, same data as types of P.yekuana.phasis on the Hyp AUM 39542,5, 67.5-105.8mm SL; Amazonas:Rio OriZoological Journa noco dr., Rio Ventuari at RaudalesTencua,56 km ESE 80. of San Juan de Manapiare (5'02'59"N 65'37'38"W).- 2005.The loricariid {UM42779,1,93.1mm SL;Amazonas:Rio Casiquiare uriformes) with d dr., Rio Siapa,rapids 154km E of San Carlos de Rio Neotropical lchthy - AUM 42'1U,1,80.6mm Negro(1"36'12"N 65"42'57"W). Armbruster,J.W., N. SL; Amazonas:Rio Casiquiaredr., Rio Siapa,Raudales Four new Hypanc Gallineta, 142km E of San Carlos de Rio Negro (1'49' from Amazonas,V 00"N65'47'41"W).-MCNG2020{, 1,61.0mmSL;Apure: Armbruster, l. W. & Rio Capanaparodr., at CORPOVEN camp and Laguna speciesof the suck - MCNG Larga,Rio Apure dr. (6'31'50"N67"23'48"W). Lasiancistrus(Lori 21631,1,70.7mm SL; Amazonas:Rio Orinocodr., Rio logical Exploration Cataniapo at the bridge just S of Puerto Ayacucho Darwin, C. R. 1882.Th (5'36'N 67'35'30"W).- MCNG 25794,1,48.2 mm SL; in relation to sex Amazonas:Rio Orinoco dr., Rio Ocamo at Raudal ArLondon,693pp. ata (3"8"N 64"34'W).- MCNG 30407,2,45.5-58.4 mm Evers, H.-G. & I. Seid SL; Amazonas:Rio Orinoco at Raudalesde Atures. South American c idae,Cetopsidae,N teridae. Mergus, M Acknowledgements Gross, M. R. & R. C. male and female p This project was funded by Planetary Biodiversity InZoologist, 25: 807ventory: All Catfish Species(Siluriformes)- PhaseI of Isbriicker, L J. H., H. N an Inventory of the Otophysi, a 5 year grant through cistrusorinoco,nou the US National ScienceFoundation to describe all chat cuirass€de R speciesof catfishes(NSF DEB-0315963) and NSF grant Siluriformes,Loric DEB-0107751to JWA. We would like to express our riologie et Herp6to deepest appreciation to D. Taphorn and O. Le6n for Isbrticker I. J. H., I. Se their invaluable help in obtaining permits, logistical A. Werner. 2001. support, aiding in fieldwork, and loan of materials. tungen der Famili lchthyol.Explor.Freshwaters, Vol.18,No.2 774 (Teleostei,Ostariophysi). Pp. 17-24in: R.Stawikowski (ed.), Datz-Sonderheft Harnischwelse 2. Eugen lJlmer, Stuftgart. Leviton, A. E., R. H. Gibbs, E. Heal & H. E. Dawson. 1985.Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resourcecollections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia, 1985:802-832. Mazzoni, R. & E. P. Caramaschi.1997.Observation on the reproductive biology of female Hypostomus luetkeniLac6pdde1803.Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 5:53-56. obscurum: Quevedo, R. & R. E. Reis.2002.Pogonopoma a new species of loricariid catfishe (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Southern Brazil, with comments on the genus Pogonopoma. Copeia, 20(J.2:402-41,0. Sabaj,M. H., I. W. Armbruster & L. M. Page. 1999. Spawning in Ancistrus(Siluriformes:Loricariidae) with commentson the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters,'1,0: 217229. Suzuki, H.I., A. A Relationship productive s Parana Rive 797-807. Taylor, W. R. & dures for st other verteb Cybium, 9:7 Werneke,D.C., Taphorn. 20 suckermouth ezuela (Silu Ichthyology Werneke,D. C., bruster. 2Cf ancistrus su species of ca Loricariidae Winemiller, K. O tory among environment