Lujan, N. K., J. W. Armbruster and M. H. Sabaj.

Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2, pp. 163-174,6 figs., I tab.,June2007
@2007by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Miinchen, Germany - ISSN0935-9902
Two new speciesof Pseudflncistrusfrom sou
(Siluriforrnes: Loricariidae)
Nathan K. Lujan*, JonathanW. Armbruster* and M
Two new speciesof Pseudancistrus
are describedfrom the upper Rio Orinoco an
zuela.Pseudancistrus
pectegenitor
was collectedin the main channel of the Rio Or
Ventuari and in the middle reachesof the Rio Casiquiare.It differs from conge
rays (vs. seven),adpressedcheek odontodes reaching to three or more plates b
maximally to rear edge of the opercle),plates of ventral row of caudal pedunc
concave,accentuatingthe medial keel of the ventral plate row (shared with P. s
internal to the dentary tooth cup (shared wilh P. coquenani,
P, orinoco,and P. ye
known only from the type locality, immediately upstream of Salto Tencua in th
from congenersby having large oral papillae internal to the dentary tooth cup
noco,and P. pectegenitor),lowerlip reaching to middle of pectoral girdle (vs. to a
pectoral-fin spine maximally reaching posterior baseof the pelvic-fin spine when
fin (vs. at least halfway through pelvic-fin insertion) and by severalmorphomet
(familia Loricariidae
Sedescribendos especiesnuevasdel g6nercPseudancrsfrls
y del Rio Negro en el sur de Venezuela.Pseudancistrus
pectegenitor
fue colecta
Orinoco cercade la boca del Rio Ventuari y en los tramos medios del Rio Casiq
cong6nerespor presentar10-11radios en la altea dorsal (vs. siete),odontodos en
placaspor detr6s del op€rculo en adultos cuando seencuentranen posici6n retra
alld del borde posterior del op€rculo), placas de la fila ventral del pedrinculo c
presentanuna profunda concavidad y acent(an la quilla medial de la fila de pl
tida con P.sidereus),papilas orales de gran tamafro situadas en posici6n inter
P. orinoco,and P. yekuana).Pseudancistrus
yekuanas
compartida con P. coquenani,
lidad tipo, en las inmediacionessuperioresal Salto Tencuaen la parte alta del R
de sus cong6nerespor presentar papilas orales de gran tamafro situadas en po
(condici6n compartida con P. coquenani,
P. orinoco,and P. pectegenifor),
labio infer
media de la cintura pectoral (vs. alcanzandorinicamenteel borde anterior de l
aleta pectoral alcanzandoa lo sumo el borde posterior de la base de Ia espina
posici6n extendida hacia la aleta p€lvica (vs. alcanzandopor lo menos hasta la
aleta p6lvica) y por varias diferenciasmorfom€tricas.
Department of Biological Sciences,Auburn University,33l Funchess,Aubur
E-mail: NKL: [email protected],JWA: [email protected]
Academy of Natural Sciences,1900Beniamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelph
E-mail: [email protected]
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No.2
164
proximally alo
tooth cup (Fig
The Proterozoic outcrops in the upper Orinoco individuals in t
are an incredibly species-rich and historically ing from a sin
under-studied habitat for loricariid catfishes,as clusters of sma
evidencedby this and severalother recentspecies mens of other
descriptions(for example,Wernekeet a1.,2005a; Armbruster (2
Pseudancistr
Werneke et al., 2005b;Armbruster, 2005; Armbruster et a1.,2007).Recentfieldwork in Amazo- principal comp
nas, Venezuelaby AUM, ANSP, and MCNG has metric data w
yielded several hundred lots of loricariids col- matrix and loglected largely from rocky habitats in the upper (Vers. 5.01a,S
an
Rio Orinoco,upper Rio Negro, and many tributar- P. coquenani
ies thereof.Included in theseare at leasttwo new PCA becauset
with enlarged dentary metric differen
speciesof.Pseudancisfrus
papillae.
Armbruster (2004a-b)redescribedand diagPseudancis
and treatedLithoxnosedthe genusPseudancistrus
ancistrusand Guyanancrsf
rusasjunior synonyms.
Armbruster (2004b)listed 14 nominal speciesin
Pseudancistrus
of which 12 are currently consid- Holotype. MC
ered valid. Of these,two species,P. coquenaniand 241.6mm SL; V
P. orinocohavelarge oral papillae on eachdentary uiare,bedrock
just internal to the tooth cup (Fig.1). This char- de Rio Negro
acterwas usedby Isbnickeret al. (1988)to propose 2005,N. K. Lu
the new genusLithoxancistrus
for their new species M. Arce, R. Be
L. orinoco;however, dentary papillae also occur
Paratypes.AU
in Chaetostoma
and some Cordylancistrus(Armbruster, 2004a-b;fWA, pers. obs.). The purpose Amazonas:Ri
of this paper is to describe two new speciesof Carlosde Rio N
Pseudancistrus
that share with P. coquenaniand March 2005,N
P. orinocothe presenceof dentary papillae. One 173.6mm SL;V
is large with an beachand bed
of these species,P. pectegenitor,
Fernandode A
increased number of dorsal-fin rays, making it
very easy to diagnose from other Pseudancistrus 4UM421.8'D,2
despite a sample size of only four adults. The Rio Orinoco,
second species,P.yekuana,is small and very 80.8km W of S
similar to P. orinoco.Infact, P. yekuanamay not N 56'58'19"W
havebeeneasilydiagnosedfrom P. orinocoif they al.
were not sympatric.
Diagnosis. P
diagnosedfrom
10-11dorsal-f
Methods
odontodes rea
Counts and measurements follow Armbruster yond the oper
(2003).Character numbers and states are from edge of operc
Armbruster (2004b)and are presentedin paren- dancistrusexce
theses.One specimenof eachspecieswas cleared of the ventral
and stained (cs.) for examinationof bone and dorsal lamina
cartilageusing the methodsof Taylor & Van Dyke the medial kee
(1985).Institutionalabbreviationsare as in Levi- tral plate row s
ton et al. (1985).Dentary papillae are defined as and from all P
a simple papilla or clusters of papillae located P.orinoco,and
Introduction
Fig. 1. Mouth of; a, Pseudancistrus
yekuana;and b P. pectegenitor.
Arrows point
papillae proximally on eachdentary just internal
to the tooth cup (vs.papillae absent;Fig. l). Pseudancistruspectegenitorcan be further diagnosed
from P. coquenani,P.orinoco, and P. yekuanaby
having a larger pectoral-fin spine (38.342.2VoSL
vs.22.0-31,.4)
and from P. coquenaniand P. orinoco by having a smaller head-dorsal length (5.66.8 VoSL vs. 8.0-12.2).
Description. Morphometrics presented in Table 1. Meristics basedon four individuals. Large
loricariids, largest specimen241.5mm SL. Body
squat with large, dorsoventrally depressedhead
and stout trunk. Snout sloped at -30o angle to
orbit; dorsal profile slightly arched from orbit to
posterior insertion of adipose fin with depth at
adipose fin shallower than depth at orbit; body
depth greatestin nuchal region. Eyesset far posteriorly on head with orbits oriented at -45o from
sagittal plane. Ventral profile angled slightly
downward from snout to coracoid, then flat to
caudal fin.
Anterior margins of snout with small to medium-sized hypertrophied odontodes. Evertible
cheekplates with highly hypertrophied, distally
hooked odontodes(rangeM-57), longestextending beyond posterior edge of pectoral fin. Head
contours smooth with slightly raised supraorbital
crest from anterolateralcorner of nares to posterior edge of pterotic. Lateral surfacesof supraorbital crest covered with odontodes slightly enlarged relative to those on surrounding plates.
Nuchal region forming a broad hump slightly
raised above supraoccipital and dorsal-fin base.
Mouth large with broad, straight jaws nearly
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No.2
as wide as head. To
ly wider than those
teeth 119-164(media
(median 128).Teeth
medial cusp larger t
with cuspsapproach
of oral disk extend
margins of head. M
casionally bifurcate
lips papillose. Pap
decreasingin densit
and most dense),to
rior to dentary too
larger and less-den
to band along middl
edge of lower lip d
papillae present. Bu
long stalk-like base
Dorsal fin II,10;
V-shaped; dorsal-fi
large, as high or hig
rior dorsal-fin rays
and decreasingin le
gentle arc towards a
pectoral spine exten
tion of pelvic fin w
spine stout with odo
density distally. Dis
phied, intermediate
cheekplates and thos
fin rays as long as p
to less than half of
Pelvic fin I,5; pelvicof baseof anal fin w
vic-fin rays as long a
Fig. 2. Pseudancistrus
pectegenitor,
AUM 42202,227.0 mm SL; Venezuela:R
N. K. Luian.
spine with posterior margin of fin curving out
beyond posterior tip of spine. Anal fin I,5; anterior anal-fin rays slightly longer than unbranched
anal-fin ray, posterior anal-fin rays slightly shorter than unbranched anal-fin ray. First anal-fin
pterygiophore not exposed to form a plateJike
structure.Adipose-fin spinestraight with adipose
membranenot extendingbeyond posteriorextent
of spine. Caudal fin 1,1.4,I;caudal-fin spines
longer than caudal-fin rays. Dorsal and ventral
procurrent caudal-fin rays four to five. Posterior
caudal-fin margin straight. Rays of all fins supporting small odontodes.
Body broad at base and compact in length,
with short and stout caudal peduncle. Lateral
body plates in median series25. Ventral plates
forming right angle on caudal peduncle with
dorsal lamina of plates concave, accentuating
strong rounded keel along lower portion of caudal peduncle. Plates in middorsal row weakly
arched submedially forming low ridge from
cleithrum to posterior insertion of pelvic fin. Five
rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Abdomen
naked.
Color. Alcoho
to charcoalgro
gions of body. U
and outer surfa
plated breast a
dusky white a
Papillated surfa
with dusky po
of maxillary ba
pattern of sma
tions on head (p
plates, and ski
gray-tan body
brown skin. Do
fin spines, rays
gray brown, wit
fins similar or
spots and verm
ly lesser degre
odontodes ora
servedjuvenile
lessuniformly b
oral disk to ve
distal marginsa
Fig.3. Pseudancistrus
pectegenlfor,
holotype, MCNG 54797,241.6mm SL; Venez
M. H. Sabaj.
lchthyol.Explor.Freshwaters,
Vol.18,No. 2
768
In live adults ground color dull olive to charcoal
with lighter spots and vermiculations yellowish
to tan (Fig.2).
known to exhib
may be better a
& Provenzano
tegenitorcollec
Sexual dimorphism. Darwin (1882)used Psezd- ing reasonable
ancistrusbarbatusto illustrate an example of adult male ([U
sexual dimorphism in which males are adorned while guarding
with highly hypertrophied odontodesand females hypertrophy of
are not; however, both sexesin P.barbatusand platesand, to a
other speciesof.Pseudancistrus
are more recently and snout. A s
pectegeiltorand P. ye
Table 1. Selectedmorphometrics ol Pseudancistrus
landmarks the measurementis between (seeArmbruster, 2003).
P. pectegenitor
n=4
landmarks
Standard length (mm)
1,-20
In percents of standard length
Predorsallength
Head length
Head-dorsal length
Cleithral width
Head-pectorallength
Thorax length
Pectoral-spine length
Abdominal length
Pelvic-spinelength
Postanallength
Anal-fin spine length
Dorsal-pectoral depth
Dorsal spine length
Dorsal-pelvic depth
Dorsal-fin base length
Dorsal-adiposedepth
Adipose-spine length
Adipose-upper caudal depth
Caudal peduncle depth
Adipose-lower caudal depth
Adipose-anal depth
Dorsal-anal depth
Pelvic-dorsaldepth
1-10
1-7
7-70
8-9
1-12
1,2-'t3
1.2-29
13-1,4
13-30
14-15
1,4-31,
1,0-1,2
10-11
10-13
10-16
tG17
17-'t8
1,7-1,9
15-19
1,5-17
14-'.17
1,4-16
13-16
In percents of head length
Head-eyelength
Orbit diameter
Snout length
Internareswidth
Interorbital width
Head depth
Mouth length
Mouth width
Barbel length
Dentary tooth cup length
Premax.tooth cup length
5-7
+5
74
2-3
5-6
7-1,2
t-24
21-22
22-23
25-26
27-28
ranSe
S
173.6-241,.621,6.8 2
4.0-M.2
35.9-38.1
5.6-6.8
29.2-34.1.
30.6-32.9
22.9-25.1
38.342.2
22.3-24.7
23.1-27.4
27.8-37.5
't1,.2-13.3
43.5
37.0
6.2
31,.4
31.9
24.0
40.1
23.5
24.7
29.5
1,2.2
24.6-26.4 25.7
28.8-35.2 32.0
22.6-25.5 23.9
34.0-38.0 35.6
8.8-11.1 r0.2
6.6
5.6-7.8
8.9-10.5 9.6
1,2.1-13.6 1,2.7
1,7.4-1,8.5L7.8
18.9-20.5 19.8
1,4.7-16.4 15.5
30.0-34.8 32.3
1
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
4
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
25.3-29.9 27.5
1,4.6-1,6.0 1s.0
65.7-69.7 58.0
1,7.0-1,2.2 77.4
33.041,.7 36.8
62.8-64.4 63.4
49.4-58.4 52.3
62.3-75.9 70.3
9.3-10.9 10.1
23.0-27.2 24.8
21,.5-26.5 24.9
1
0
7
0
3
0
4
6
0
1
2
dividual (AUM 43192,cs.,'173.5
mm SL) of unde- 12"
termined sex lacked especially hypertrophied
odontodes.Two other individuals (ANSP43192,
225.1;MCNG 54797,247.6mmSL)with hypertrophied odontodes similar to that of the male
above were also collected but their sex was not
determined.
Range. Found in the main channel of the Rio
Orinoco above RaudalesAutures (near mouth of
Rio Ventuari), and in the Rio Casiquiare, Amazonas,Venezuela(Fig. 4).
Habitat. All specimenscollected from flowing
water associatedwith large rock outcropsin main
river channel. One specimen collected at night
with a seine in swift shallow run over bedrock.
All others collected by hand from within rock
crevices.
Reproductive biology. In the majority of loricariids for which parental careis known, the male
is the caregiver (Evers & Seidel, 2005; Gross &
Sargent,1985).One presumablyadultmale (AUM
42202,227.0mm SL) was collected while caring
for young in a vertical crack in bedrock immed!
ately below the water's surface(Fig.2). Crevice
spawning is common among the Hypostominae
(Suzuki et al., 1985)and almost universal among
the Ancistrini (Evers& Seidel,2005).
Water level
in the Casiquiare at this locality would have recently risen with the onsetof the rainy seasonjust
a few weeks before, when this individual likely
spawned. Seasonalspawning timed to coincide
with the onset of the rainy seasonhas been observed in Hypostomusluetkeniin the Paraiba do
Sul in Brazil (Mazzoni& Caramaschi,1,997),but
would be in contrast to the aseasonalbreeding
cycle that Winemiller (1989)observedfor hypostomines (Ancistrussp. and Hypostomusargus)in
the piedmont of northern Venezuela.An incredible number of juveniles (n=485, SL<13 mm)
were collectedwith the father, and dozens more
from the same nest were not collected. Among
the Hypostominae, this level of fecundity is less
than some (e.g., Rhinelepisaspera,a broadcast
spawner from which have been recorded up to
181200oocytes,avg.4T
370;Agostinho,1985),but
more than others (e.g.Ancistrussp. reported by
Sabajet al.,1..999,
to have 20-200offspring, and
Lithoxusreported by Armbruster,'1998, to have
15-17mature oocytesin two females).
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2
Fig.4. Rangeof Pse
(O,o),ope
P.yekuana
Basemapby M. I. We
Etymology. From t
and genitor, meanin
hypertrophied odo
spine,and evertible
one presumably ad
caring for a large br
position.
Pseudancistru
Holotype. MCNG
42.7 mmSL;Yenezu
above Salto Tencu
Manapiare(5'02'52
N. K. Lujan, O. Le6
Paratypes. AUM 39
ANSP 182802,32.7
m
Diagnosis. Pseuda
nosedfrom allother
nani, P.orinoco,an
dentary papillae (v
Fig. 1); from P. coqu
genitor by having t
middle of the pecto
of the pectoral girdl
170
spine maximally reaching the posterior edge of
the pelvic-fin spine when adpressedventral to
the pelvic fin (vs. at least halfway through pelvic
fin); and from P. pectegenitor
by having 7 dorsalfin rays (vs. 10-11)and by having the evertible
cheek odontodes maximally reaching the posterior end of the opercle (vs. three or more plates
behind the opercle).In addition, severalmeasurements serve to separateP. yekuanaf.romP. coquenani,P. orinoco, andP. pectegenitor; however,these
ratios havelittle predictive power given that there
are only four specimens of P. yekuanaknown:
7oSL in P. yekuanavs.
predorsallength (49.1-50.1
47.5-46.0),
head length (39.9-43.8
VoSL vs. 31.238.1),head-pectoraldistance(38.3-38.9
VoSLvs.
26.8-32.9),
.2 % HL v s.
and mouth length (70.5-77
49.4-67.5).
Description. Morphometrics presented in Table 1. Meristics basedon four individuals. Fairly
small loricariids, largest specimen 42.7mm SL.
Head distinctly large relative to body, with long,
spatulate snout. Small eyes placed high and far
back on head with orbits oriented at -45o to
sagittal plane. Dorsal contour of head smooth
except for slightly elevated plateau formed by
modest supraorbital crestsand elevated,flat interorbital region. All dorsal and lateral surfaces
of head plated and with small odontodes.Odontodes slightly larger along anterior and lateral
margins of snout, along midline of snout over
mesethmoid,and along supraorbital crest posterolateral to nares. Evertible cheek odontodes
longest,numbering 11-13(median 12).
Dorsal profile forms gentle arc from anterior
margin of snout to posterior processof supraoccipital, horizontal to insertion of dorsal-fin spine,
then ventrally sloping at shallow angle to insertion of dorsal caudal-fin spine. Ventral profile of
head sloped slightly downward from snout to
coracoid such that ventral surface of large oral
disk is even with flat, horizontal ventral profile
of trunk. Median plates 22-24 (mode=24). Five
caudal peduncle plate rows. Abdomen naked.
Mouth largewith lips occupyingalmostentire
ventral surface of head. Maxillary barbel short
and connectedalong most of length to lower lip
by flap of skin. faws wide with slight angle of
tooth cupsand inward curvatureof tooth arrangement in ventral view. Left premaxillary teeth
50-69(median 67).Left dentary teeth 63-71(median 55). Dentary papillae present. Buccal papilla present,with long, stalk-like base.
Dorsal fin
V-shaped;dors
fin ray slightly
maining rays d
ray when adpre
fin spine. Pec
mally reaching
when adpress
and ventral su
odontodesalon
phied distally.
long as pelviccreasing in le
pterygiophore
pose-fin memb
to adipose-fin
emarginate. D
five; ventral pro
of all fins supp
Color. Alcoho
brown ground
with faint pat
saddles,the fir
beneath the m
ventral sides s
united midlate
saddles more
Undersurfaces
and abdomen
melanophores
peduncle.Oral
white and dus
baseof maxilla
with alternati
bands (pattern
evident in pec
with melanop
but distinct bla
ormost dorsal
men.
Sexual dimorp
Range. Known
mediately abo
es of at least f
scribed) are cu
above Salto T
Brachyglanissp
Tencua may fu
The barrier do
causePseudan
Fig. s. Pseudancistrus
yekuana,holotype, MCNG 54798,42.7mm SL; Venezuela
Sabaj.
lar to P. yekuana,was collected both above and
below the falls.
Habitat. All individuals collectedby castnet from
torrential sheet flow over bedrock in the main
channel of the upper Ventuari.
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters,Vol. 18,No. 2
Etymology. The spe
the Ye-kuana,the ind
the upper Rio Ventu
ern Venezuelaand n
ous cooperation m
Treatedas a noun in
172
Dentarytooth cup L.
Plemaxillarytoothcup L.
Headdorsal D.
Dorsal-adiooseD
more dorsal-fin
though an incr
0.4
may be useful f
0.3
l' B
f i=8 goplichthys)and
Acanthicusgrou
0.2
=;
that in the case
0.1
!maobscurum),th
P. pectegenitor
N
o0
o@
rays is an auta
OD
o=g
-0.1
DO
specieslevel. P
P. coquenani +
number of syna
o
-0.2
P. oinoco
ancistrus,there
to
-0.3
warranted. Ind
l!
P. yekuana
Vr-0.4
P.pectegenitoi
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2
amples, there a
PC3
the body seem
Fig. 6. PrincipalComponentsAnalysisof speciesof odontodes are
Pseudancistrus
with dentarypapillae.Strongest
loading
in Pseudancist
characters
shownwith theirdirectionof influence.
size of the chee
genitorhas all b
Pseudancistrua
Discussion
of the dentary
noco, and P.ye
Armbruster (2004a)diagnosedPseudancistrus
with
the following: no suture between pterotic-supra- where only inC
cleithrum and hyomandibula (34-0, reversal; trus.
If the specim
characternumbers and statesfrom Armbruster,
2004b),no contactof the hyomandibula with the not collected s
prootic (35-1), straight, spoon-shaped anterior might not have
processof metapterygoid (58-1),nasal bone not species.The tw
form and color
much wider than laterosensory canal running
through it (105-0),sphenotic not contacting pos- side by side in
teriormost infraorbital externally (117-1),and a identification
short ventral ridge on the pelvic basipterygium rather obvious
(172-1,lostin some species).Pseudancistrus
pecte- quite different f
genitor has four of these five characteristics, cistrusassugge
varying only in that the sphenotic does contact Analysis (Fig.6
the posteriormost infraorbital externally. Pseud- few individuals
ancistrusyekuanaalso has four of thesecharacter- ference betwee
istics; varying only in that there is a suture be- in the analysis
tween the pterotic-supracleithrum and the hyo- of true differen
Pseudanci
mandibula; however, the suture present is very
mature at a sm
weak.
Pseudancistrus
pectegenitoris unique among specimen(35.0m
Pseudancistrus
in having an increasednumber of would be see
dorsal-fin rays (i.e., greater than seven).An in- specimenis onl
creasednumber of dorsal-fin rays is not common specimen of ei
in hypostomines;however, there are several ex- aminedis 105.
amples:one speciesof Pogonopomahas
ten dorsal- head supports
fin rays (Quevedoand Reis,2002),Pterygoplichthys in P. yekuanath
usually has 10 or more dorsal-fin rays, and the type of P.yek
Acanthicusgroup (Acanthicus,Leporacanthicus,fully supportin
Megalancistrus,
and Pseudacanthicu)and the Cha- P. orinocofrom
etostomagroup (Chaetostoma,
Cordylancistrus, patches on the
have eight or eral morphom
Dolichancistrus,and Leptoancistrus)
tet
and P. orinoco; however, only three specimens of
P. yekuana were measured, and these characters
are suspect until more specimens become available. The snout of P. yekuana is much more elongate when compared against specimens of similar
size, the pectoral fins much shorter, and the
lower lip is so long that it almost reaches beyond
the pectoral girdle (see Diagnosis).
Thanksespeciallyto O
collected the specim
Thanks to M. Arce, R.
L. deSouza,T. Wesley
dez, D. Brooks, F. Brit
D. Werneke for aid i
Betancurfor the Span
Lite
Comparative material, Pseudancistrus
coquenani:
Yenezuela:AMNH 31023,6, 53.9-62.9mm SL; Bolivar: Rio
Agostinho, A. A. 1985
Paraguaat GusanoRapids,Rio Caroni dr., 1-1.5hours
e crescimentode R
(5"30'N
upriver from Rio Carapo mouth
63"36'W).
(Osteichthyes,Lor
"17525,2,
MCNG
@.6-94.4mm SL; Bolivar: Rfo Caroni
Pr. PhD dissertati
dr., Rio Supamo 12 km N of la Piedra del Supamo
Carlos,56o Carlos
(6'59'N 62"23'W).- MCNG 18339,5, 58.8-94.4mm SL;
Armbruster, J. W. 199
Rio Caroni dr., middle Rio Tocomo below entranceof
tract for holding a
railway below high tension cables (7"50'40"N 40'63'
catfishes.
Copeia,'
05"W).- MCNG 18470,6,52.2-62.9
mm SL; Bolivar, Rio j
2003.Peckolt ia saba
Caroni dr., Rfo Claro east of Los Tanques (7"55'20"N
Shield (Siluriform
63'06'05"W). NMW 48023,2 syntypes, 75.5-78.6mm
1-72.
SL; Bolivar: Rio Caroni dr., Rio Coquenan.
- 20Ma. Pseudanci
P. orinoco:Venezuela:ANSP 1@6N,5,79.i79.0 mm
southern Venezu
SL; Amazonas: Rio Orinoco, Raudales de Atures, at
with a redescriptio
Culebra,ca7 km Sof PuertoAyacucho(5'35'N 67'31'W).
1-15.
- ANSP 165824,1,78.1
mm SL;Apure: Rio Araucadr., 2004b. Phylogene
cafronear El Yagua (7'30'N 68'20'W).- AUM 39479,5,
mouth armored c
56.7-82.4
mmSL, same data as types of P.yekuana.phasis on the Hyp
AUM 39542,5, 67.5-105.8mm SL; Amazonas:Rio OriZoological Journa
noco dr., Rio Ventuari at RaudalesTencua,56 km ESE
80.
of San Juan de Manapiare (5'02'59"N 65'37'38"W).- 2005.The loricariid
{UM42779,1,93.1mm SL;Amazonas:Rio Casiquiare
uriformes) with d
dr., Rio Siapa,rapids 154km E of San Carlos de Rio
Neotropical lchthy
- AUM 42'1U,1,80.6mm
Negro(1"36'12"N
65"42'57"W).
Armbruster,J.W., N.
SL; Amazonas:Rio Casiquiaredr., Rio Siapa,Raudales
Four new Hypanc
Gallineta, 142km E of San Carlos de Rio Negro (1'49'
from Amazonas,V
00"N65'47'41"W).-MCNG2020{,
1,61.0mmSL;Apure:
Armbruster, l. W. &
Rio Capanaparodr., at CORPOVEN camp and Laguna
speciesof the suck
- MCNG
Larga,Rio Apure dr. (6'31'50"N67"23'48"W).
Lasiancistrus(Lori
21631,1,70.7mm SL; Amazonas:Rio Orinocodr., Rio
logical Exploration
Cataniapo at the bridge just S of Puerto Ayacucho
Darwin, C. R. 1882.Th
(5'36'N 67'35'30"W).- MCNG 25794,1,48.2 mm SL;
in relation to sex
Amazonas:Rio Orinoco dr., Rio Ocamo at Raudal ArLondon,693pp.
ata (3"8"N 64"34'W).- MCNG 30407,2,45.5-58.4
mm
Evers, H.-G. & I. Seid
SL; Amazonas:Rio Orinoco at Raudalesde Atures.
South American c
idae,Cetopsidae,N
teridae. Mergus, M
Acknowledgements
Gross, M. R. & R. C.
male and female p
This project was funded by Planetary Biodiversity InZoologist, 25: 807ventory: All Catfish Species(Siluriformes)- PhaseI of
Isbriicker, L J. H., H. N
an Inventory of the Otophysi, a 5 year grant through
cistrusorinoco,nou
the US National ScienceFoundation to describe all
chat cuirass€de R
speciesof catfishes(NSF DEB-0315963)
and NSF grant
Siluriformes,Loric
DEB-0107751to JWA. We would like to express our
riologie et Herp6to
deepest appreciation to D. Taphorn and O. Le6n for
Isbrticker I. J. H., I. Se
their invaluable help in obtaining permits, logistical
A. Werner. 2001.
support, aiding in fieldwork, and loan of materials.
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lchthyol.Explor.Freshwaters,
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obscurum:
Quevedo, R. & R. E. Reis.2002.Pogonopoma
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Spawning in Ancistrus(Siluriformes:Loricariidae)
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Suzuki, H.I., A. A
Relationship
productive s
Parana Rive
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Taylor, W. R. &
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other verteb
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Werneke,D.C.,
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suckermouth
ezuela (Silu
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ancistrus su
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