Ecosystem Services conservation in the Cantareira

Ecosystem Services conservation in the Cantareira

Ecosystem Services conservation in the
Cantareira - Mantiqueira Corridor
Oscar Sarcinelli, PhD Student
Presentation Structure:
1. What are ecosystem services and it’s conservation;
2. Cantareira – Mantiqueira Corridor and the Cantareira Water
Supply System;
3. IPE actions for ecosystem services conservation in the
Cantareira – Mantiqueira Corridor
What are ecosystem services?
 Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural
Ecosystems that perform fundamental life-support
 It’s conservation is achieved trough ecosystem structures
conservation
(Constanza et al, 1997; Daly et al, 1997).
Some services from forest ecosystems.....
Genetic biodiversity
conservation
carbon sequestration
Milenum Ecosystem Assets, 2005
Wood provision
Soil protection
Medicinal plants
Polinization
Climate regulation
Clean water provision
Forest fragmentation and ecosystem services loss
São Paulo State
Brazil
“There were forests before humans came
and deserts follow them”
(Chateaubriand)
History of forest ecosystem services loss
Original forest of São Paulo State at 1500
 81,8% of dense forest
Victor, M.A.M. 1975. A Devastação Florestal. São Paulo. Ed. Soc. Bras. Silvicultura.
Victor, M. A. M. et al .2005. Cem anos de devastação: revisitada 30 anos depois. Brasília. Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
São Paulo State forest cover at 1854 (starting the coffee
production cicle).
 79,7% forest cover;
São Paulo State forest cover at 1.920 (coffee production
and starting industrialization).
 44,8% original forest cover
São Paulo State forest cover at 1.962 (green revolution in
brazilian agriculture).
 13,7% original forest cover
São Paulo State current forest cover
Cobertura florestal original
Cobertura florestal atual
Some ecosystem degradation data;
Between 1945 and 2000 more forest was converted to crop land than XVIII e XIX
centuries together – today 24% of Earth surface are crop production lands;
Inadequate management is responsible for 38% of the degradation of the hole
cultivated land in the world (WRI, 2008) – soil erosion, desertification and loss of
biodiversity;
Since1980 we lost 35% of mangroves, 20% of coral reefs;
Cantareira – Mantiqueira Corridor and the Cantareira
Water Supply System;
Study region
The Cantareira System provides fresh water for nine million people in
the metropolitan region of São Paulo;
Urbanization,
fragmentation;
land
occupation
for
agriculture
and
forest
There are still many forest remnants that mantain a hight degree of
threatened diversity and endemism;
Fonte: www.sabesp.com.br
IPE actions for ecosystem services conservation in the
Cantareira – Mantiqueira Corridor
Costs of forest conversion into a agricultural land
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Deforestation
Soil preparation
Fertilizers
Plantation
Sedimentation
Water quantity and quality loss
Carbon emission
loss of biodiversity
Benefits
• Sells of production
• self consumption
• ecosystem structures and
services
Landscape conservation and ecosystem services in the Atibainha reservoir
Armazenamento de carbono
Controle de erosão e sedimentação
Manutenção da fertilidade do solo
Total economic value for Atibainha reservoir forest cover
1.149.000 t CO2 into the atmospher
18.650 X
Deforest all the
Atibainha reservior
+
=
53.260 tons of soil into the reservoir every year
3.350 X
Projeto SEMEANDO ÁGUA - Pagamento por serviços ambientais no corredor
Cantareira-Mantiqueira
Projeto EMBAÚBA - Recuperação de áreas degradadas no corredor CantareiraMantiqueira
IPÊ/ESCAS
Tel/Fax: (11) 4597-1327
Website:http://www.ipe.org.br
Apoio:
Tropical Forest Conservation Act
TFCA
Fragmentos estudados
Área analisada
Rios
Approach
Remanescentes Florestais
0
10
20
40
km
1. Thresholds for
- Biodiversity
- Ecosystem Services
±
Fragmentos estudados
Área analisada
Rios
Remanescentes Florestais
0
10
20
Fragmentos
40 estudados
km
Área analisada
±
Rios
Remanescentes Florestais
0
10
20
40
Fragmentos km
estudados
±
Área analisada
Rios
Remanescentes Florestais
0
10
20
40
km
±
Ecosystem
Services
2. PES - Water
- Structure
- Ecosystem Services Evaluation
- Quantity and Quality
3. Restauration
- Priority areas
- Landscape variables
- Low costs models
Overview
 Structure a functional model of PES water involving local comunities;
 Mapping critical areas for forest restoration actions using law parameters, ecological
landscape parameters , soil erosion parameters and hydrological parameters;
 Testing and evaluating ecological and economic models for different methods of forest
restoration and direction of natural forest regeneration;
 Propose a forest restoration program for the Cantareira – Mantiqueira corridor;
Definition of optimal landscape configuration;
 Ecosystem services spatial arrangement and future scenarios projection;
Nossa abordagem
Regional
Institucional
Local
Information gathered by IPÊ projects
• Spatial data base: map of land use, watershed, hydrograph, topography,
areas for permanent preservation, landscape dynamics, landscape metrics;
• Properties: properties limits, land use, willingness to accept forest
conservation in PES water program;
• Economics: opportunity cost for principal agricultures, ecological and
economics analyses for land conservation practices and forest restoration;
•Ecosystem Services: quantity and quality of water, forest carbon
estimation and soil loss estimation;
• Biological: richness and composition of the vegetation in natural
regeneration areas;
• Public policies
Obrigado!
[email protected]
[email protected]