Sahri Muhammad, Aida Sartimbul, and Puji Purwanti Faculty of

Sahri Muhammad, Aida Sartimbul, and Puji Purwanti
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Brawijaya
Poverty is the main problem in Indonesia,
mainly for fishermen
… Government has giving grant through the
various programs to solve the fishermen
poverty problem
… However, the programs have no effect to
the fishermen ,
… they are remain poor,
… the programs have not achieved the goal
… Why…..?
…
To identify and evaluate the fishermen
assets and access
… To identify and evaluate the
implementation of government
programs in fishermen empowerment
… To create a model of empowerment
based on fishermen’s needs and
expectation
…
MATERIAL:
… 7 Years (1999-2006) data of Coastal Fisheries in Prigi
Bay
… 7 Years (1999-2006) data of Coastal Fisheries in Madura
Strait
METHODS:
… Survey and Action Research Method
… Sustainability Livelihood Approach (SLA)
… Pentagon Assets and Heptagon Access Score
b
a
H: Human capital
P: Physical capital
S: Social capital
F: Financial capital
N: Natural capital
H
N
S
effects
P
F
Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA): Pentagon Assets,
(Mukherjee et al., 2002)
E
E = Access to Participatory Vocational Training
(2.03)
N = Natural Resources (3.22)
S = Social Network (6,83)
T = Friendly Technology (1.37)
F = Financial Institution (5,23)
P = Governement Policy and Participatory Budgeting
(1.59)
M = Fish Marketing Network (5,93)
M
T
Sensitivity of
Household
Fishermen:
- Shock
P
-Trends
- Season
S
Effect
N
Policy
institution
process
Strategy for
success
living
F
Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA): Heptagon Access Mukherjee et al., 2002)
Output
- Increase
- Decrease
…
1.
2.
Empowerment programs were implemented in
1999 to 2006 are:
Community Based on Fisheries Resources
Management (CBRM), e.g. Natural Conservation
Empowerment that applied in Prigi Bay)
Economic Empowerment on Coastal Society
(EECS), e.g. Financial Empowerment that applied
in Madura Strait society
At beginning, this program was social capital
approach, but at the end of this program it does
not run well. Then power approach (consultative
co-management) is applied
Mangrove Plantation
Program
Fish Sanctuary Program
Fish Market: Tourism
Micro Financial Institution:
Badan Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR)
Productive Business Improvement
Program
DONOR: Govern./
Private/ Individual
(1)
POOR COMMUNITY
(2)
BUDGET
DEVELOPMENT
CSR
(Corp. Social
Responsibility)
INDIVIDUAL
EMPOWERMENT:
Productive Culture
ZIS
(Zakat, Infak,
Sadaqa)
GROUP EMPOWERMENT:
Business Motivation
INSTITUTIONAL
EMPOWERMENT:
Self Resilience (Self
resilience business
service)
COMMUNITY
(3)
INFAK/
Revolving/
Interest
SADAQA/
Saving
…
…
…
…
…
…
Social assets and access is the most powerful capital to
support sustainability of fishermen livelihood
Government approach the consultative co-management as
fishermen empowerment program; Community based on
fisheries resources in Prigi Bay and Economic
empowerment for coastal society in Madura Strait
The beginning, social capital approach was done, but at
the end of program the power approach is more effective
The government program does not achieve the goal (fulfill
the needs and expectation of fishermen)
Three years are too short to obtain the goal
Fishermen empowerment depend on the principles of
social stratification, equal role, multi years, multi level, multi
steps, sustainable assistance, local wisdom, and multi
dimension (Social Partnership Model may suitable for the
fishermen)