Centro Internacional de Ciencia
Transcription
Centro Internacional de Ciencia
Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. 501(c)(3) ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Espera Nuestro Futuro Puertas de Enlace . Inicio – Bienvenido . Declaración de propósito . Índice de Master . Matriz de ciencia espacial . Matriz de Ciencias de la tierra . Matriz de ciencia del Océano . Nuevas noticias de Tecnología . Matriz de ingeniería . Colegios y la Universidad . Sistemas de atención de salud . Matriz de ciencia M Médica . Ciencias ambientales . Galería de fotos – Espacio . Galería de fotos – Tierra . Galería de fotos – Océano . Galería de videos .. .. . Subsistemas de puerta de enlace Categorías . Nuevas noticias de ciencia . Nuevas fotos de ciencia . Ciencia para niños . Blog de ciencia . Deutsch. English . Mandarín. Ruso Centro Internacional de Ciencia Proyecto de Información de Cencia 1 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. 501(c)(3) ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Puertas de Enlace . Inicio - Bienvenido . Declaración de propósito . Índice de Master . Matriz de ciencia espacial . Matriz de Ciencias de la tierra . Matriz de ciencia del Océano . Nuevas noticias de tecnología . Matriz de ingeniería . Colegios y la Universidad . Sistemas de atención de salud . Matriz de ciencia médica . Ciencias ambientales . Galería de fotos – Espacio . Galería de fotos – Tierra . Galería de fotos – Océano . Galería de videos Bienvenido Un Recurso para obtener Información de Ciencia El Proyecto de información de ciencia ISC es un proyecto conjunto de participar Individuos y organizaciones con el único propósito de permitir a acceso rápido a Conocimiento del mundo En Ciencia, Tecnología e Ingeniería . Subsistemas de puerta de enlace Categorías . Nuevas noticias de ciencia . Nuevas fotos de ciencia . Ciencia para niños . Blog de ciencia . Deutsch. English . Mandarín. Ruso El proyecto proporciona enlaces directos para ver datos de ciencia de la NASA, NOAA, DOE, EPA, DEP, DOI, NPS, USDA, ED, USGS, NIH, centros de investigación SI, et al., en el sector gubernamental, de universidades, institutos y laboratorios, de sociedades técnicas del mundo (AGI, AGU, GSA, NESTA, etc.) y de técnicas de ingeniería de ciencia información disponible a través de nuestros socios internacionales y la investigación independiente y organizaciones pruebas. | English | Français | Deutsch | Español | Nihongo | russkiy yazyk | Mandarin | Seleccione una puerta de enlace para la ciencia ** 2 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. 501(c)(3) ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Puertas de Enlace . Inicio - Bienvenido . Declaración de propósito . Índice de Master . Matriz de Cencia Espacial . Matriz de Ciencias de la Tierra . Matriz de ciencia del Océano . Nuevas noticias de Tecnología . Matriz de ingeniería . Colegios y la Universidad . Sistemas de atención de salud . Matriz de ciencia imédica . Ciencias ambientales . Galería de fotos – ‘66espacio . Galería de fotos – tierra . Galería de fotos – Océano . Galería de videos . Subsistemas de puerta de enlace Categorías . Nuevas noticias de ciencia . Nuevas fotos de ciencia . Ciencia para niños . Blog de Ciencia . Deutsch. English . Mandarín. Ruso, . Spanish, Portuguese Bienvenidos al Mundo de Ciencia Tabla de Continedo ‘Nota: Los horarios International Launch en la Pag. 66’ Cubra………………………………………………………... 1 Bienvenido..................................................................... 2 Tabla de Continedo.………………………...…………….. 3 Ciencia Espacial Matriz ………………………………..... 4 Tierra – Luna Regiones…………………………………… 5 Áreas de Ciencia Atmosféricas ………………………… 6 Región Atmosférica – Thermosphere ………….……... 7 Órbita de la Tierra Baja (LEO) Ciencia Áreas…………. 8 Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) Pg. 1………………... 9 Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) Pg. 2………………... 10 Ciencia (GEO) Geoestacionaria Areass....................... 11 Órbita de la Tierra Alta (HEO) Áreas de Ciencia………12 Órbita Lunar (LOI) Áreas de Ciencia……………………13 Solar Regiones – Solar Sistemos…............................. 14 Solar Region Áeas de Ciencia Solares…………………15 Áeas de Ciencia Solares ……………………………..… 16 Espacio Profundo Regiones –1& 2Cósmico Objetos 17 Cerca de Objetos de la Tierra (NEO ………………..… 18 Cuerpos Espaciales Asteroides …….................…... 19 Cuerpos Espaciales Cometas ………………………... 20 Orden de la Superioridad Matemática ……….....…. 21 Unidades astronómicas de medición ……………… 22 Principal sitios Web Astrofísico - 1 …………….....…. 23 Principal sitios Web Astrofísico - 2…………….....…. 24 Sitios Web Astrofísico ………………. …………........ 25-26 Agencias Espaciales Internacionales................................. 27-29 Centros de Educación de la NASA …......................... 30 Espacio de Noticias Ciencia ………………………....… 31 Nebulosa de Orión - Hubble ……………………....…… 32 Recommended Teaching Websites ……………....…. 33-36 Espacio Ciencia Vistas para el Futuro …...........…...... 37-38 Wonders of Space – Media Gallery…....................…... 39 - 46 NASA Goddard Space Terminology Dictionary ......... 47 NASA JPL Space Terminology Dictionary………....... 48 - 61 ISSI - Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio 62-63 INDIA - Organización de Investigación Espacial de la India 64 International Launch Schedules & History.......... 65-66 USGS Astrogeología Centro de Ciencias ................. 67 ◘ ** 3 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** S ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Ciencia Espacial Matriz Tierra==== - Luna Regiones ==== Tierra - Luna Sistemas . Atmosférica . Órbita terrestre baja (LEO) . Órbita terrestre media ((MEO) . Órbita geoestacionaria (GEO) . Alta órbita terrestre (LEO) . Órbita lunar (LEO) ================================================= Ciencia Espacial Regiones Solares Solar Sistemas . Sun . Tierra . Marte . Mercurio . Venus . Júpiter . Saturno . Urano . Neptuno . Plutón . Asteroides . Meteoros . Cometas . Planetas enanos . Objetos astronómicos ================================================= Ciencia Espacial Espacio profundo Sistemas Regiones solares . Regiones - 1 objetos cósmicos . Regiones - 2 objetos cósmicos . Regiones de órganos de espacio . Datos de la región: asteroides . Datos de la región: cometas . Agencias espaciales de internacional . KSC y centros de la NASA . Noticias de ciencia espacial . Fotos del espacio profundo . Recomienda sitios Web de enseñanza de ciencia espacial . ‘’ 4 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Ciencia Espacial Matriz ==== ==== Tierra – Luna Regiones . Atmosférico http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Atmospheric_sciences Tierra - Luna Sistemas . Órbita Terrestre Baja (LEO) http://gcmd.nasa.gov/User/suppguide/platforms/orbit.html . Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Medium_Earth_Orbit Tierra - Luna Regiones . Órbita Geostacionaria (GEO) http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/GEO_ORBIT/DI146.htm . Órbita Terrestre Alta (HEO) http://gcmd.nasa.gov/User/suppguide/platforms/orbit.html . Órbitas puntos de Lagrange (LPO) http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/L/Lagpoint.html . Órbita Lunar (LOI) http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Lunar_orbit http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/project/faq.htm#30 .. ** 5 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Áreas de Ciencia Atmosféricas ==== ==== . Límites de Región http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/layers_activity_print.html . Troposfera (Tiempo) http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wxfacts/Troposphere.htm Tierra - Luna Sistemas . Mesosfera http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/mesosphere.html . Thermosphere (ISS) Tierra - Luna Regiones http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/thermosphere.html . Exosphere http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Exosphere http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/layers.htm . Atmosférico Regiones . . Vista de África y Arabia Saudí de Apolo 17. Probablemente el cuadro más solicitado de la Tierra. ◘ 6 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 . Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz ISS Series de Panel Solares Tierra - Luna Sistemas Tierra - Luna Regiones .. Región Atmosférica - Thermosphere Casa de la Estación Espacial Internacional (ISS) .. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Un recurso en ISS por NASA. Incluye noticias operacionales, la amplia variedad de material de fondo, archivos, galería de imagen y misiones planeadas. www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station * 7 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Órbita de la Tierra Baja (LEO) Ciencia Áreas Ciencia Espacial Matriz . Clases de Órbitas http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Lugar geométrico (Nominal - 160 - 2,000 kilómetros (100 – 1250 millas) encima de la Tierra superficie.) http://www.brighthub.com/science/space/articles/114687.aspx#ixzz1MgMVZEL5 Variedad: Atmósfera a debajo del cinturón de radiación de Van Allen interior http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970228a.html http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Tierra - Luna Sistemas . LEO Subsets http: // www.geo-orbit.org/sizepgs/geodef.html . Órbita de la Tierra Muy Baja (VLEO) . Órbitas de la Tierra Bajas ecuatoriales (ELEO) . Órbita polar . La Órbita de Molniya (ver también la entrada de Órbita de la Tierra Media.) Órbita de la Tierra Baja (LEO) Ciencia Áreas . Parámetros de ciencia de rastra atmosféricos http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/STP-H2-ANDE.html . .. * 8 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Tierra - Luna Sistemas Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) (1) Regiones Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) Áreas de Ciencia La página 1 . Clases de Órbitas http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Lugar geométrico (Nominal - 2000 – 35,786 kilómetros (1250 – 22,236 millas) encima el La superficie de la tierra. Esto incluye la órbita semisincrónica y la órbita de Molniya. La órbita semisincrónica es una órbita cerca circular (bajo excentricidad) 26,560 kilómetros del centro de la Tierra (aproximadamente 20,200 kilómetros encima de la superficie). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Subconjuntos de MEO – la Página 1 . Órbita de Circular de Intermedio de aka (ICO) http://www.argospress.com/Resources/satellite/intermcirculorbit.htm . Órbita sincrónica de sol y Órbita Polar http://gcmd.nasa.gov/User/suppguide/platforms/orbit.html . Región de satélite de GPS para todos los Sistemas GNSS. Global Positioning System (GPS) . GNSS – Sistemas de Satélite de Navegación Globales http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/g nss/ FAA excelente - Cartas de GNSS y Videos - La página 2. . EE.UU – NAVSTAR Rusia - GLONASS . Unión Europea – Galileo. China – Beidou. India – IRNSS . Figure 3-2. ETS-8 satellite (courtesy of JAXA) * 9 http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/ets8/index_e.html. El KIKU-VIII el apoyo 2011 medidas de desastre de temblor. © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgancompleta - Reservados todospara los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) Áreas de Ciencia La página 2 . Clases de Órbitas http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Lugar geométrico Tierra - Luna Sistemas Órbita de la Tierra Media (MEO) (1) Regiones (Nominal - 2000 – 35,786 kilómetros (1250 – 22,236 millas) encima el La superficie de la tierra. Esto incluye la órbita semisincrónica y la órbita de Molniya. La órbita semisincrónica es una órbita cerca circular (bajo excentricidad) 26,560 kilómetros del centro de la Tierra (aproximadamente 20,200 kilómetros encima de la superficie). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Subconjuntos de MEO – la Página 2 . US – NAVSTAR http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpsinfo.html . Rusia – GLONASS http://www.glonass.it/eng/glonass-story.aspx . EU – Galileo http://www.esa.int/esaNA/galileo.html . China – Beidou http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/01/china-opens-2010-with-beidou-2-satellite-launch/ . India – IRNSS http://isro.org/ http://indiacurrentaffairs.org/irnss-the-indian-navigation-satellite-system/ http://www.domain-b.com/aero/space/satellites/20110107_indian_irnss_2.html .. * 10 .. © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia (GEO) Geoestacionaria Areass Ciencia Espacial Matriz . Órbita de Geosynchronous Satélites que están en órbita 42,164 kilómetros del centro de el La tierra (aproximadamente 36,000 kilómetros de la superficie de la Tierra) entra una especie “de dulce se mancha” en que su órbita empareja la Tierra rotación. Como el satélite está en órbita en la misma velocidad esto la Tierra da vuelta, el satélite parece quedarse en el lugar una longitud sola, aunque esto pueda ir a la deriva el norte al sur. Tierra - Luna Sistemas http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php . Órbita geoestacionaria Los satélites en una circular geosynchronous están en órbita directamente el ecuador (excentricidad e inclinación en el cero) tendrá una órbita geoestacionaria que no se mueve en absoluto con relación a la tierra. Es siempre directamente sobre el mismo lugar en el La superficie de la tierra. Una órbita geoestacionaria es muy valiosa para escucha meteorológica. See Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Geostationary_orbit http://www.satsig.net/sslist.htm Geoestacionario (GEO) Regiones .. . GOES operated by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) * 11 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Tierra - Luna Sistemas Órbita de la Tierra Alta (HEO) Regiones Órbita de la Tierra Alta (HEO) Áreas de Ciencia . Órbita de la Tierra Alta - una órbita geocéntrica cuyo apogeo mentiras encima de aquella de una órbita de geosynchronous (35,786 kilómetros (22,236 mi)). [1] . Órbitas Muy Elípticas (HEO) son un subconjunto de Alto Órbitas de la Tierra. Una órbita muy elíptica (HEO) es un órbita elíptica con un perigeo de altitud baja y un altoaltitud (más de 35,786 kilómetros (19,323 nmi)) apogeo. . La órbita de Molniya es nombrada por el soviético Molniya Los satélites de telecomunicaciones que los usaron. . La órbita de tundra es un tipo de la órbita de geosynchronous muy elíptica highly elliptical geosynchronous orbit con una inclination alta (por lo general cerca de 63.4 °) y un orbital period de un sidereal day (casi 24 hours). La pista de tierra ground track de un satélite en una órbita de tundra es una "figura cerrada ocho" lemniscate. El único usuario corriente de órbitas de tundra es la Radio de Satélite de Sirius, Sirius Satellite Radio, que hace funcionar una constelación constellation de tres satélites. .. * * .. * 12 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Órbita Lunar (LOI) Áreas de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial Matriz . Órbita de Selenocentric (aka Lunar) http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/yss/ http://lunarscience.arc.nasa.gov/articles/space-geodesy-facility-locates-satellite-inlunar-orbit . Orbitador de Reconocimiento Lunar (LRO) NASA Tierra - Luna Sistemas http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/main/index.html . Programa de Exploración Lunar Robótico (RLEP) NASA http://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag/documents/03LunarRoboticStatusGarvin.pdf http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2005/05_62AR.html Órbita Lunar (LOI) Regiones . NASA Instituto de Ciencia Lunar (NLSI) http://lunarscience.arc.nasa.gov/about . Exploración Raman Lidar (SRL) - NASA http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/about_ilrs/history/slr_history.html http://ramanlidar.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments/scanning%20raman%20lidar/index.htm . Servicio de Variación de Láser internacional (ILRS)– NASA http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ .. .. Imagen de nave espacial de Galileo de la Luna * 13 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Solar Sistemas ISC Proyecto de Información de Ciencia de Internet ISC Matriz de Ciena Espacial Tierra - Luna Sistemas Solar Regiones Solar Sistemas Espacio Profundo Sistemas Solar Regiones Solar Regiones . . . . . . . . * 14 Sol . Tierra Marte . Mercurio Venus . Júpiter Saturno . Urano Neptuno . Plutón Asteroides . Planetas enanos Cometas . Meteoritos Objetos Astronómicos http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-astro.html http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Copyright 2011 Ronald B. Morgan Publisher. All rights reserved. Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Solar Regiones Direcciones Sol Mercurio Venus Tierra Marte Júpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutón Asteroides Planetas enanos Cometas Metroritos Objeto Astronómicos Web Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solar Sistemas Solar Regiones Direcciones Todos http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ Sol http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun Mercurio http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury Venus http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus Tierra http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth Marte http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars Júpiter http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter Saturno http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn Urano http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus Neptuno http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune Plutón http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Pluto Asteroides http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Asteroids Planetas enanos http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Dwarf Cometas http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Comets Meteoritos http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Meteors Objeto Astronómicos . http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-astro.html http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ . http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html . .. * 15 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 .. Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Solar Regiones Direcciones Sol Mercurio Venus Tierra Marte Júpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutón Asteroides Planetas enanos Cometas Metroritos Objeto Astronómicos Áeas de Ciencia Solares (Todas las Regiones) Solar Sistemas . Coordenadas Celestes . Astronómico, Geocéntrico, Geodetic http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/earth_rot.html . Campos Magnéticos y gravitacionales http://solarsystem.dlr.de/TP/gravmag_en.shtml Áeas de Ciencia Solares . Misa (Me) http://www.physics247.com/physics-tutorial/mass-planet.shtml . Planeta / Química Lunar http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Mar10/PlanetConstruction.html . Atmósfera, Gas / Hielo http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/uc/solar_system/5/ucss5_3a.html . Correlación Superficial http://planetpixelemporium.com/earth.html * 16 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz ISC Matriz de Ciena Espacial Tierra - Luna Sistemas Espacio Profundo Sistemas Solar Sistemas Espacio Profundo Sistemas Espacio Profundo Regiones - 1 Cósmico Objetos Espacio Profundo Regiones - 1 . Galaxias Activas http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/active_galaxies.html . Quásares Activos Cósmico Objetos http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/active_galaxies.html . Agujeros Negros y Blanco Empequeñecen http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/black_holes.html . Rayos cósmicos y Estrellas de Neutrón http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/cosmic_rays.html . Materia Oscura http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dark_matter.html . Fondo Difuso http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/diffuse_background.html . Estallidos de Rayo gamma http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/bursts.html .. * 17 Cassiopeia A: Death Becomes Her - Hubble © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Espacio Profundo Sistemas Espacio Profundo Regiones - 2 Cuerpos Espaciales Espacio Profundo Sistemas Asteroides, Cometas, Meteoritos, Cerca de Objetos de la Tierra (NEO) . Sitio principal Espacio Profundo Regiones - 2 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/pathfinders/aster.htm . Listado de Asteroide Hay literalmente los millones de asteroides. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html . Listado de Cometas Desde el enero de 2011 hay unos 4,185 cometas conocidos relatados. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/cometfact.html Cuerpos Espaciales . Planetas enanos (IAU - http://iau.org/ - 1919) El IAU actualmente reconoce cinco planetas enanos. - Ceres, Plutón, Haumea, Makemake, y Eris como miembros de nuestro Sistema Solar. Estimaciones de IAU 200 planetas Enanos en el Kuiper Zurran on correa y 2000 fuera del cinturón. . Nubes de Gas http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-161 . Listado de Meteorito (en cuanto a NASA Oficina de MEO) http://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/ . Cerca de Objetos de la Tierra (NEO-) http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/ http://www.tivas.org.uk/solsys/tas_solsys_comet.html . . * 18 . R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. © 2011 Comet Hale-Bopp (1997), possessing two distinct tails - a dust Tail (white) and as ion tail (blue) Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ** ISC - Centro Internacional de Ciencia Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Enviro. – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Espacio Profundo Regiones Cuerpos Espaciales Asteroides * 19 Espacio Profundo Regiones Cuerpos Espaciales Asteroides Asteroides 25 Asteroides Llamados Principales http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html Hay literalmente los Millones de asteroides. Asteroid Diameter ~Mass Rotation Number and Name (km) 1015 kg Period ---------------------------------1 Ceres 960 x 932 870,000 9.075 hrs 2 Pallas 570 x 525 x 482 318,000 7.811 hrs 3 Juno 240 20,000 7.210 hrs 4 Vesta 530 300,000 5.342 hrs 45 Eugenia 226 6,100 5.699 hrs 140 Siwa 103 1,500 18.5 hrs 216 Kleopatra 217 x 94 5.385 hrs 243 Ida 253 Mathilde 66 x 48 x 46 103.3 417.7 hrs 433 Eros 33 x 13 x 13 6.69 5.270 hrs 951 Gaspra 19 x 12 x 11 10 7.042 hrs 1566 Icarus 1.4 0.001 2.273 hrs 1620 Geographos 2.0 0.004 5.222 hrs 1862 Apollo 1.6 0.002 3.063 hrs 2060 Chiron 180 4,000 5.9 hrs 2530 Shipka 2703 Rodari 3.25 yrs 3352 McAuliffe 2 - 5 2.57 yrs 3840 Mimistrobell 3.38 yrs 4179 Toutatis 4.6 x 2.4 x 1.9 0.05 130. hrs 4769 Castalia 1.8 x 0.8 0.0005 4979 Otawara 5.5 0.2 3.19 yrs 5535 AnneFrank 4.0 3.29 yrs 9969 Braille Itokawa 1.52 yrs © 201125143 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Espacio Profundo Regiones Cuerpos Espaciales Cometas Espacio Profundo Regiones Cometas Cuerpos Espaciales Cometas * 20 20 Cometas Llamados Principales http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/cometfact.html Desde el enero de 2011 hay unos 4,185 cometas conocidos relatados. Orbital Perihelion Number & Name Period Date --------------------- ---------1P Halley 76.1 yrs. 1986-02-09 Hale-Bopp 4000. yrs. 1997-03-31 2P Encke 3.30 yrs. 2003-12-28 6P d'Arrest 6.51 yrs. 2008-08-01 9P Tempel 1 5.51 yrs. 2005-07-05 19P Borrelly 6.86 yrs. 2001-09-14 21P Giacobini-Zinner 6.52 yrs. 1998-11-21 26P Grigg-Skjellerup 5.09 yrs. 1992-07-22 27P Crommelin 27.89 yrs. 1984-09-01 45P Honda-Mrkos -Pajdusakova 5.29 yrs. 1995-12-25 46P Wirtanen 5.46 yrs. 2013-10-21 55P Tempel-Tuttle 32.92 yrs. 1998-02-28 67P Churyumov -Gerasimenko 6.57 yrs. 2002-08-18 73P Schwassmann 5.36 yrs. 2006-06-02 -Wachmann 3 75P Kohoutek 6.24 yrs. 1973-12-28 76P West-Kohoutek -Ikemura 6.46 yrs. 2000-06-01 81P Wild 2 6.39 yrs. 2003-09-25 95P Chiron 50.7 yrs. 1996-02-14 107P Wilson-Harrington 4.29 yrs. 2001-03-26 Hyakutake ~40000. 1996-05-01 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos losyrs. derechos. ~40000. Inc yrs. Patrocinado por TheHyakutake American Millennium Foundation, unos1996-05-01 501(c) (3 Perihelion Distance ---------0.587 AU 0.914 AU 0.340 AU 1.346 AU 1.500 AU 1.358 AU 0.996 AU 0.989 AU 0.743 AU 0.528 AU 1.063 AU 0.982 AU 1.292 AU 0.937 AU 1.571 AU 1.596 1.583 8.46 1.000 0.230 AU AU AU AU AU Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Profundo Espacio Distancias Unidades Astronómicas de Medición Orden de la Superioridad Matemática Megaparsec - Mpc 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mpc Mpc Mpc Mpc Mpc Mpc = = = = = = 1000000 Parsec (pc) 3261563.7769443 Light Years (Ly or ly) 2.062648062e+11 Astronomical Units (AU) 1.917341158e+19 miles (INT) 1.666132603e+19 nautical miles (INT) 3.085677581e+19 Kilometers (Km) Parsec - pc 1 Parsec = .000001 Megaparsec (Mpc) 1 Parsec = 3.26156 Light Years (Ly or ly) 1 Parsec = 206264.80624538 Astronomical Units (AU) 1 Parsec = 3.085677581e+13 Kilometers (Km) 1 Parsec = 1.917351158e+13 Miles (INT) Light Year - Ly or ly 1 Light Year = 0.000000307 Megaparsecs 1 Light Year = 0.306601394 Parsecs 1 Light Year = 63241.077088066 Astronomical Units 1 Light Year = 5.878625373e+12 Miles 1 Light Year = 9.460730473e+12 Km AU - Astronomical Unit 1 AU = 4.848136811e-12 Megaparsecs 1 AU = 0.000004848142402969934 Parsecs 1 AU = 0.0000158125073358306 Light Years 1 AU = 92955807.267433 Miles 1 AU = 149597870.691 Km M - Mile 1 Mile = 5.215534744823067e-14 Parsecs 1 Mile = 1.7010779502325107e-13 Light Years 1 Mile = 1.0757800228038006e-8 Astronomical Units Km - Kilometer 1 Kilometer = 3.2407830425459485e-14 Parsecs 1 Kilometer = 1.0570008340246153e-13 Light Years 1 Kilometer = 6.684587153547039e-9 Astronomical Units Conversion Caculators - Reference Sites http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/length.html http://converters360.com/astronomy/ * 21 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia .▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Profundo Espacio Distancias Unidades Astronómicas de Medición 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 light light light light light light light http://www.onlineconversion.com/astronomical.htm second = 0.002 003 988 804 2 astronomical unit [1996] minute = 0.120 239 328 25 astronomical unit [1996] hour = 7.214 359 695 2 astronomical unit [1996] day = 173.144 632 68 astronomical unit [1996] year [Julian] = 63 241.077 089 astronomical unit [1996] year [tropical] = 63 239.726 349 astronomical unit [1996] year [traditional] = 63 197.790 93 astronomical unit [1996] Descripción general de la ciencia espacial y videos IAU - Defining Our Place in the Cosmos – the Universal Frame of Reference y www.iau.org/public/place_in_cosmos/ ICRS - International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) Espacio Ciencia Vídeos http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/astronomical-information-center/icrsnarrative?searchterm=ICRS http://www.usno.navy.mil/astronomy The Constellations www.iau.org/public/constellations/ Our Solar System http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Display=Facts&Object=Moon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System Beyond Our Solar System: Overview http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Beyond Distances in Space ** Hollyfield Physics tv 6.29 min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bmb0YE9VGM&feature=endscreen&NR=1 Cosmic Distances & Light Speed Comparison 7.33 min. Nat Geo Program **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1N-4PxItA4&feature=related Journey to the End of the Universe 6.31 min. American Museum of Natural History **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ufl_Nwbl8xs&feature=related The Biggest Stars in the Universe 4.26 min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LUQVzerseI&feature=related The Speed of Light Problem 7.21 min. * 22 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx52Z9DrFeY&feature=related © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Principal sitios Web Astrofísico - 1 SAO - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Harvard-Smithsonian) www.cfa.harvard.edu/sao/ HCO – Harvard College Observatory http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/hco/ Principales Astro Organismos CfA – Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sed/ HITRAN Data Base http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/hitran/ AFCRL – Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory www.astronautix.com/mfrs/afcrl.htm IAU – International Astronomical Union http://www.iau.org/ ICSU – International Council for Sxcience http://www.icsu.org/ ARC – Ames Research Center www.arc.nasa.gov/ ARC - NAI Ames- NASA Astrobiology Institute http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/nai/about/ GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Lambda Tools - Coordinate Conversions http:// lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/toolbox/ JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/au.html Near Earth Object Program - ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU) LARC – Langley Research Center http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/science/index.html/ Earth Atmosphere - Solar Flares – Martian Atmosphere Plane MSFC - Marshall Space Flight Center http://discoverynewfrontiers.nasa.gov/index.cfml New Frontiers Program - Environmental Control and Life Support Systemsss GRC - Glenn Research Center http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/index.html Space Propulsion – Communications - Structures * 23 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Principales Astro Sitios Web Principal sitios Web Astrofísico - 2 Nuestro Sistema Solar www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/sss.html Earth Geodesy (RG) Atmospheric Measurements (AMP) Comets (RG) Cometary X-rays (AMP) Planets & Comets (HEA) Solar Physics (SSP) Sun (HEA) Solar Wind X-rays (HEA) Solar System (SSP) Outer Solar System (TA) Planets (RG) Planet Formation (SSP) Estrellas Planetas y Orígenes www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/sap.html Estrellas y Planetas: Formación Star Formation (HEA) Star Formation (OIR) Molecular Clouds (RG) Dense Cloud Cores (RG) Embedded Clusters (RG) Massive Star Formation (RG) Brown Dwarfs (RG) Disks & Outflows (RG) Young Stellar Objects (RG) Accretion Disks (SSP) Star Formation (SSP) Planet Formation (SSP) Extrasolar Planets (TA) Estrellas y Planetas: Estructura y Evolución * 24 Late-type Stars and Brown Dwarfs (AMP) Stellar Corona (HEA) Early-type Stars (HEA) White Dwarfs and Novae (HEA) Hypervelocity Stars (OIR) Supernovae (OIR) Asteroseismology (SSP) Binary Stars (SSP) Exoplanets (OIR) © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos(SSP) los derechos. Exoplanets Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc(SSP) unos 501(c) (3 Stellar Atmospheres Stellar Coronae & Winds (SSP) Stellar Variability (SSP) Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Principales Astro Sitios Web Principal sitios Web Astrofísico - 3 Cosmologia www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/cos.html Fundamental Symmetries (AMP) The Early Universe (AMP) Extragalactic Surveys (HEA) Intergalactic Medium (HEA) Clusters & Cosmology (HEA) The Accelerating Universe (OIR) Extragalactic Surveys (OIR) Clusters of Galaxies (OIR) Large Scale Structure (OIR) Gravitational Lensing (OIR) Epoch of Reionization (RG) Cosmic Microwave Background (RG) Extragalactic Distance Scale (RG) Early Universe (SSP) Dark Energy & Dark Matter (TA) Galaxy Formation & Evolution (TA) Large-Scale Structure Formation (TA) 21cm Cosmology (TA) Reionization & First Stars (TA) Supernova de Single, Estrella Masiva http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/supernovae.html * 25 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Principal sitios Web Astrofísico – 4 Galaxias www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/gal.html La Vía Láctea www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/amp/mw/mc.html Principales Astro Sitios Web Molecular Clouds (AMP) Globular Clusters (HEA) Hot Interstellar Medium (HEA) Supernova Remnants (HEA) Interstellar Dust (HEA) Milky Way Center (OIR) Milky Way Halo (OIR) Open Clusters (OIR) Globular Clusters (OIR) Galactic Structure (RG) Astrochemistry (RG) Galaxias Externas Normal Galaxies (HEA) Starburst Galaxies (HEA) Interacting Galaxies & Mergers (HEA) Hot Gas and Outbursts from SMBH's in Galaxies (HEA) Nearby Galaxies (RG) VLBI Proper Motions (RG) Dark Matter in Galaxies (RG) Active Galactic Nuclei (RG) Early Universe (SSP) Galaxia NGC:4214: Un Laboratorio de Formacion Eestelar * 26 http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/star-form-lab.html © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Espacio Agencias La página 1 de 3 Agencias Espaciales Internacionales (La página 1 de 3) AEB Brazil Brazilian Space Agency www.aeb.gov.br AEB Brazil Brazilian Space Agency www.aeb.gov.br AEXA Mexico Mexican Space Agency http://agenciaespacialmexicana.org/ AEXA Mexico Agencia Espacial Mexicana http://agenciaespacialmexicana.org/ ANAS Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences http://www.science.az/en/index.phpl ANGKASA Malaysia Malaysian National Space Agency www.angkasa.gov.my ANGKASA Malaysia Agensi Angkasa Negara www.angkasa.gov.my ASA Austria Austrian Space Agency www.ffg.at ( see also FFG) ASI Italy - ESA Italian Space Agency www.asi.it ASI Italy - ESA Agenzia Spaziole Italiana www.asi.it BELSPO Belgium Belgian Science Policy www.belspo.be/belspo/home/port_en.stm BIRA-IASB Belgium Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy – ESA www.aeronomie.be BIRA-IASB Belgium Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte- Aeronomie www.aeronomie.be BNSC United Kingdom British National Space Centre - ESA www.bnsc.gov.uk BNSC United Kingdom UK Space Agency - ESA www.bnsc.gov.uk CBK Poland – ESAP Space Research Centre - ESA PECS www.cbk.waw.pl CBK Poland – ESAP Centrum Badan Kosmicznych www.cbk.waw.pl CCE Colombia Colombian Space Commission www.cce.gov.co CCE Colombia Comision Colombiana del Espacio www.cce.gov.co CCO Colombia Comision Colombiana del Oceano www.cco.gov.co CEP Portugal – ESA Portugal Space agency GPE www.cep.pt CEP Portugal see http://alfa.fct.mctes.pt/index.phtml.en CNES France - ESA National Center of Space Research www.cnes.fr CNES France Centre National d'Études Spatiales www.cnes.fr CNSA PRC China National Space Administration www.cnsa.gov.cn CONAE Argentina National Commission for Space Research www.conae.gov.ar CONAE Argentina Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales www.conae.gov.ar CONIDA Peru Peru Space Agency www.condia.gob.pe CONIDA Peru Agencia Espacial del Peru www.conida.gob.pe/index.php COPUOS United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space www.unoosa.org COSPAR International Committee on Space Research http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/ CSA / ASC Canada Canadian Space Agency www.space.gc.ca CSIRO Australia Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation www.csiro.au CSO Czech Republic Czech Space Office - ESA www.czechspace.cz DLR Germany - ESA German Aerospace Center www.dlr.de DLR Germany Deuschen Zentrums fur Luft-und Raumfahrt www.dlr.de DNSC Denmark - ESA Danish National Space Center www.spacecenter.dk DRC Denmark - ESA Danmarks Rumcenter www.spacecenter.dk DTU Denmark Danish National Space Institute http://www.space.dtu.dk/ EI Ireland – ESA Enterprise Ireland (for the OST of the DETE) www.enterprise-ireland.com ESA 18 Nations European Space Agency – HQ. – Paris, France www.esa.int ESA – ASA Austria European Space Agency - ASA www.esa.int ESA – BIRA Belgium European Space Agency - BIRA-IASB www.esa.int Copyright 2011 Ronald B. Editor de Morgan. Reservados todos los derechos. * 27 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Espacio Agencias La página 2 de 3 Agencias Espaciales Internacionales (La página 2 de 3) ESA – PECS Czech Republic European Space Agency - CSO www.czechspace.cz ESA – DNSC Denmark European Space Agency - DNSC www.esa.int ESA – TEKES Finland European Space Agency - TEKES www.esa.int ESA - CNES France European Space Agency - CNES www.esa.int ESA - DLR Germany European Space Agency - DLR www.esa.int ESA – ISARS Greece European Space Agency - ISARS www.esa.int ESA – EI Ireland European Space Agency - EI www.esa.int ESA - ASI Italy European Space Agency - ASI www.esa.int ESA – Luxi Luxembourg European Space Agency - Luxinnovation www.esa.int ESA – NIVR Netherlands European Space Agency - NIVR www.esa.int ESA – NSC Norway European Space Agency - NSC www.esa.int ESA – CEP Portugal European Space Agency - CE www.esa.int ESA – INTA Spain European Space Agency - INTA www.esa.int ESA – SNSB Sweden European Space Agency - SNSB www.esa.int ESA – SSO Switzerland European Space Agency - SNSB www.esa.int ESA – BNSC United Kingdom European Space Agency - BNSC www.esa.int ESA – PECS 4 Nations European Space Agency – HQ. – Paris, France www.esa.int ESA – PECS Hungary ESA's Plan for European States – CSO www.esa.int ESA – PECS Poland ESA's Plan for European States – CBK www.esa.int ESA – PECS Romania ESA's Plan for European States – ROSA www.esa.int ESA – PECS Slovenia ESA's Plan for European States – www.esa.int ESTMP ESA European Space Technology Master Plan (ESTMP) www.esa.int FFG Austria – ESA Austrian Space Agency www.ffg.at FFG Austria Die Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft http://www.ffg.at/content/ueber-die-ffg GISTDA Thailand Geo-Informatics & Space Technology Development Agency www.gistda.or.th/gistda_n/ FMI (ref.) Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute and TEKES - ESA HSB Hungary Hungarian Space Board - ESA PECS www.hso.hu HSO Hungary Hungarian Space Office - ESA PECS www.hso.hu IPE Brazil Brazilian Space Agency http://www.inpe.br/ INTA Spain - ESA Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial www.inta.es ISA International International Space Agency www.isa-hq.com ISA Iran Iranian Space Agency www.isa.ir ISARS Greece – ESA Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing www.space.noa.gr ISA Israel Israeli Space Agency ISA Isreal http://www.most.gov.il/English/Units/Israel+Space+Agency/ ISRO India Indian Space Research Organization www.isro.org JAXA Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency www.jaxa.jp KARI South Korea Korea Aerospace Research Institute www.kari.kr LAPAN Indonesia National Institute of Aeronautics and Space www.lapan.go.id LuxInnovation Luxembourg National Agency for Innovation and Research http://www.luxinnovation.lu/site/index.jsp MUI Hungary Magyar Urkutatási Iroda - MUI www.hso.hu N tbd North Korea North Korean Space Agency tbd NACA United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 1915-1959 NASA United States National Aeronautics & Space Admin. www.nasa.gov NASRDA Nigeria National Space Research and Development Agency http://www.cstd.nasrda.gov.ng/ * 28 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Copyright 2011 Ronald B. Morgan Publisher. All rights reserved. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Agencias Espaciales Internacionales Ciencia Espacial Matriz (La página 3 de 3) NIVR Netherlands – ESA Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes www.nivr.nl NSAU Ukraine National Space Agency of Ukraine www.nkau.gov.ua NSC Norway – ESA Norweigan Space Centre - ESA www.spacecentre.no NSC Norway – ESA Norsk Romsenter www.spacecentre.no NSPO Republic of China National Space Organization www.nspo.org.tw NSPO (Taiwan) National Space Organization www.nspo.org.tw RI-BAS Bulgaria Bulgarian Aerospace Agency www.space.bas.bg RKA / RSA Russia Russian Federal Space Agency www.roscosmos.ru ROSA Romania - ESAP Romanian Space Agency - ESA PECS www.rosa.ro ROSA Romania Agencia Spatiala Romana www.rosa.ro SGCP Bulgaria Scientific Group of Space Physics - now merged www.space.bas.bg SNSB Sweden – ESA Swedish National Space Board www.snsb.se SPARRSO Bangladesh Space Research Remote Sensing Organizationwww.sparrso.gov.bd/ SANSA South Africa South African Space Agency www.sansa.org.za/ SRON Netherlands – ESA Netherlands Institute for Space Research www.sron.nl SSO Switzerland- ESA Swiss Space Office www.sso.admin.ch SUPARCO Pakistan Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission www.suparco.gov.pk TEKES Finland – ESA National Technology Agency of Finland www.tekes.fi TUBITAK Turkey Turkiye Bilismel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu www.tubitak.gov.tr UNOOSA United Nations United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs www.unoosa.org Espacio Agencias La página 3 de 3 .. .. NASA The Horsehead Nebula B33 Orion Nebula * 29 . © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Centros de NASA que Trabajan Juntos en Educación Espacial - Trabajos Centro de Espacio de Kennedy NASA Educación Centros INSPIRAR La Oficina central de NASA seleccionó Kennedy para poder varios por toda la agencia proyectos, incluso el Programa de Ciencia Nacional Interdisciplinario La Incorporación de Investigación y Experiencia de Educación, conocida como INSPIRA. http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/programs/descriptions/INSPIRE_Project.html Explorar Carreras de TALLO en Ciencia, Tecnología, Tramando y Matemáticas www.ed.gov/stem http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/about/index.html http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp/nstc/committees/costem Apoyado por el Programa de Escuela de Explorador de NASA y el DLN La Interagencia del KSC Aprendizaje Digital de Red http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/programs/national/dln/home/feedback.html además de el Investigación de Universidad de Minoría y Programa de Educación (MUREP) Kennedy maneja la Universidad de Minoría por toda la agencia Investigación y el pequeño proyecto de programas del Programa de * 30 Educación. http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/407272main_2009_HE_MSP.pdf © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Copyright 2011 - un servicio público de The American Millennium Foundation, Inc 501 (c)(3) Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Nuevo Ciencia Noticias ISC Matriz de Ciencia Espacial Nuevo Ciencia Noticias Noticias de Ciencia Espaciales .. .. El Ojo de Fantasma impulsado por hidrógeno de Boeing ha llegado al Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Dryden de la NASA. El avión es diseñado para quedarse en lo alto durante hasta cuatro días llevando una carga útil de 450 libras. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/X-Press/phantom_eye_spotlight.html . El Hubble Descubre una Nueva Luna el Centro de Vuelo de Espacio de Marshall de la NASA ha desarrollado un método de recuperar eficazmente el hidrógeno del gas natural. Esta innovación puede ser incorporada en sistemas de hardware de vuelo en apoyo de objetivos de exploración largos como una Estación Espacial retrofit, puesto avanzado Lunar, tránsito de Marte, o base de Marte. http: // www.greendesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/8484 . La NASA es el consumidor más grande de hidrógeno líquido en los Estados Unidos. . La NASA usa aproximadamente 10 millones de libras de hidrógeno líquido por año en seis posiciones en cinco estados. * 31 Hubble Descubre una Nueva Luna Alrededor de Plutón el 20 de julio de 2011 El 20 de julio de 2011: los Astrónomos que usan el Telescopio Espacial Hubble han descubierto una cuarta luna que está en órbita el Plutón de planeta enano helado. El satélite diminuto, nuevo – temp. designó P4 - apareció en una revisión de Hubble que busca anillos planeta enano. http:derechos. // science.nasa.gov/science© 2011 R.B. Editor de alrededor Morgan - del Reservados todos los news/science-at-nasa/2011/20jul_p4/ Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Copyright 2011 Ronald B. Editor de Morgan. Reservados todos los derechos. Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Internet Science Information Project Ciencia Espacial Matriz ISC Matriz de Ciencia Espacial Espacio Profundo Foto Fotos de Ciencia Espaciales Profundas Orion Nebulae - Hubble “ 32 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/01/image/a/format/small_web/ Credit: NASA,ESA, Robberto todos (Space © 2011 R.B. Editor de MorganM. - Reservados losTelescope derechos. Science Institute/ESA) Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 y el Telescopio de Espacio de Hubble Equipo de Proyecto de Tesorería de Orion Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Ciencia de Espacio de ISC Enseñanza Recomendada de Sitios Web NASA 360◦ Enseñanza Sitios Web .. http://www.hulu.com/nasa-360 La NASA 360 examina como las tecnologías desarrolladas por y para la NASA son usadas en todo de la exploración espacial a productos de consumo diarios. La NASA 360 escaparates como la NASA cambia nuestras vidas de modos positivos. * 33 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia *▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Enseñanza Recomendada de Sitios Web Enseñanza Sitios Web NOVA Ciencia de Espacio de ISC NOVA beta http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ NOVA Ciencia Ahora http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/ NOVA PROFESORES http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/ NOVA La Vida Secreta de Científicos e Ingenieros http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/secretlife/ dentro NOVA http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/insidenova/ * 34 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Enseñanza Sitios Web Ciencia de Espacio de ISC Enseñanza Recomendada de Sitios Web moonandback.com http://moonandback.com/ Diariamente noticias de spaceflight Secciones Noticias Órbita de suscripción Órbita Luna Planetario Ambiente Vídeo Comentario Somos una generación de contenido de noticias y la cubierta de sitio Web de agregación espacio, con énfasis en el personal y publicidad spaceflight industria. Nuestra misión es documentar para el gran público el alba de este nueva época en la historia de la humanidad, y hacer a estudiantes jóvenes conscientes de las oportunidades de carreras en campos relacionados con el espacio. Todo el Copyright © 2010 contento - 2011 Medios Moonandback LLC, excepto donde por otra parte notado. Reservados todos los derechos. El uso de este sitio constituye la aceptación de nuestro Términos de Servicio, Pautas de Comunidad y Política de Intimidad.. * 35 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Ciencia de Espacio de ISC Enseñanza Recomendada de Sitios Web SpaceTEC http://blog.spacetec.org/ http://blog.spacetec.org/2011/03/24/space-update-needs-your-ideals/ Enseñanza Sitios Web ∆ Calipers ∆ Outside Calipers ∆ Multimeters .. Credit Precision Graphics ∆ Inside Calipers .. 1920's pocket multimeter Credit Wikipedia (not currently available) ∆ The Micrometer .. Credit Space Tec ∆ Hydraulic Systems .. Credit Thesurfacegrinder.com ∆ Measuring Tools .. Credit – ACS Hydraulic .. Pascal's Law at work Credit Wikipedia .. Credit Space Tec * 36 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Ciencia Espacial Matriz Vistas para el Futuro ISC Vistas de Ciencia Espaciales para el Futuro Vistas de Ciencia Espaciales Nuevos Campos de Descubrimiento e Investigación Aeronáutica – Astrofísica Exploración Espacial - Vehículos Espaciales Ciencias de Vida - Biomédico - Apoyo de Vida Nanotechnology Robótica - Robonauts Aeronáutica - Comunicaciones Radiación , Fuerzas Gravitacionales e Investigación Magnética Propulsión Espacial Profunda Ión - Fusión - Plasma Solar - Velas Solares * 37 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery ISC Ciencia Espacial Matriz Vistas de Ciencia Espaciales para el Futuro Aeronáutica http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/ Apoyo de Vida http://www.nova.org/~sol/station/life-sup.htm Astrofísica http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/ Biomédico http://www.nsbri.org/ Ciencias de Vida http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/slsd/about/organization.html Comunicaciones http://deepspacecom.net/ Vistas para el Futuro http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/aug/HQ_11-272_TDM_Selections.html Exploración Espacial http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/home/index.html Fuerzas Gravitacionales http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Europe_Takes_Step_Toward_Detecting_Gravitational_Waves_999.html Investigación Magnética http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/AMS-02.html Investigación de Radiación http://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/climate/ http://science.larc.nasa.gov/research-Radiation.html Nanotechnology http://nano.gov/ Robonauts http://robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov/default.asp http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/technologies/robo_sensors.html Robótica http://robotics.nasa.gov/ http://robotics.ucf.edu/home.php http://www.robotics.org/content-detail.cfm/Industrial-Robotics-Feature-Articles/Robotics-in-thePharmaceutical-and-Life-Sciences-Industry/content_id/2867 Vehículos Espaciales http://www.spacefuture.com/power/power.shtml Propulsión Espacial Profunda . Ión http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/prop06apr99_2/ http://nmp.nasa.gov/ds1/tech/ionpropfaq.html Select a Gateway and Enjoy . Fusión http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/~jfs/neep533_lect32_99_fusionProp.html http://www.sps.aero/Key_ComSpace_Articles/TSA-005_Fusion_Propulsion_White_Paper.pdf . . . . Fusión de Espejo http://www.specktech.com/MFTF.html Plasma http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/travelinginspace/future_propulsion.html Solar http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-054-DFRC.html Velas Solares http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1108/22technology/ http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/roboticexplorers/solar_sails.html * 38 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ◘▪ I S Centro Internacional de Ciencia Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Ciencia Espacial . Ciencia Espacial Matriz ISC Las maravillas del espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 1 Maravillas del Espacio para Maravillas del Universo View Power Point full screen – Click on ‘F’ key or four arrow key Alert - when accessing ‘youtube.’ or nasa– click only on far right hand of URL address . . Astronomía 101 - Tour increíble Galería de Medios Pg. 1 Astronomy Online Class - Our Solar System - The 8 Planets . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBzmz1Adg2o&feature=player_detailpage Cosmology 101 – Dark Matter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttpkto9Cm5c Astronomy Picture of the Day http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ . Los hermanos Wright .. http://wright.nasa.gov/overview.htm . Apolo 11 - misión a la Luna .. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyeq8tquq1I [www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyeq8tquq1I ] Type URL address if req’d.) . Juno lanzando a Júpiter Agosto 03 2011 * 39 .. http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=104732731 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . ISC Las maravillas del espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 2 Ciencia Espacial Matriz Maravillas del Espacio para Galería de Medios Pg. 2 La Majestad y la Musica de la Luna Beethoven_et_la_lune.ppsm Increible Power Point http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/viviana7777-257272-la-lunemagnifique-moon-magic-travel-places-nature-ppt-powerpoint/ (Click on bottom line of full URL address above.) At bottom of Power Point screen click on far right block next to MENU block. Full screen will appear. Press Esc to exit full screen mode. 70 slides. When PP complete, click on top right ‘X’ Close box to return to ISC page. Gran video de música para niños & young at heart. Select “Sun, Earth, Moon Mobile” on You Tube 3:15 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=earth%2fmoon+videos&mid=BA94C4105264EA41F485BA94 C4105264EA41F485&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1 Colonizar la Luna 10:00 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Click on “Colonizing The Moon” in Web left hand Selection column http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX646a657b636d0144400567&t=Moon Fases de la Luna 3:16 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Click on “The Phases of The Moon” in Web left hand Selection column http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX5c60455063656c6c595c41&t=Moon ¿El verdadero origen de la Luna - la Tierra? 9:37 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Click on “Origin of The Moon” in Web left hand Selection column http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX5f0066004258764170407f&t=Moon * 40 ¿Es un Ave o es un Robot? http://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.html * Alert - when accessing ‘youtube.’ or nasa– click only on far right hand of URL address . © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 http://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.htmlhttp://www.ted.com /talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.html Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ◘▪ I S Centro Internacional de Ciencia Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Ciencia Espacial . Ciencia Espacial Matriz Maravillas del Espacio para Galería de Medios Pg. 3 PORTAL DE PELÍCULAS DE ISC Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 3 Fireball Red de la NASA – MEO Películas de Meteor http://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/ Espacio cine cine http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/movies.html#Flag3 JSC Lista de película de búsqueda rápida de espacio cine cines Select (.mov) or (.avi) Haga clic en una película en la lista de búsqueda rápida para una descripción narrativa de la película y el texto caliente que descarga la película a su ordenador para jugar. (Nota: La mayoría de las películas requieren QuickTime (mov) o Vídeo para Windows (avi) jugadores mientras fluyen los tipos de vídeo requieren Microsoft Media Player 7 o superior...) JFK Rice Speech, First Step on Moon, First Flag on Moon, Moon Golf, Mooncar Motoring, Rocket Off Moon, Mercury Seven Morph, Gemini Liftoff, Gemini EVA, Shuttle Launch, Astro-Robot Morph, LEM-Starship Morph, Saturn Five Launch, Payload Deploy, Apollo 13 Crew Morph, Astro-Santa Morph, Astro-Armour Morph, Verne Columbiad Cannon Capsule to Apollo Capsule Morph, Astronaut "Buzz" Aldrin Compares Verne's fiction with Apollo 11, Columbia to Santa Maria Morph, Feather-drop Galileo Moon Movie, Moon Lander Design Morph, Barbeque Spacecraft Cooling Morph, Astronaut Lifevest Morph, Moon Race Morph, LM Eagle to Eagle Morph, Manned Space Vehicle Evolution Morph, Solar System Planetary Morph, Apollo 13 NASA Rescue Movie [full length], Buzz Aldrin to Buzz Lightyear Morph, Weightless Space Cartoon [1956], Woodpecker Attack on Shuttle, Reagan Challenger Eulogy, Godspeed Again John Glenn Morph, NASA APOLLO 11 Movie, Freedom Seven Mercury mission of Alan Shepard, Challenger NASA Video [45 minutes], American Flag on Moon Patriotic Movie Dryden http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Movie/index.html * 41 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ◘▪ I S Centro Internacional de Ciencia Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Ciencia Espacial . ISC Las Maravillas del Espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 4 Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Maravillas del Espacio para Maravillas del Universo View Power Point full screen – Click on ‘F’ key or four arrow key Alert - when accessing ‘youtube.’ or nasa– click only on far right hand of URL address . Astronomía 101 - Información Increíble Galería de Medios Pg. 4 Astronomía Clase Online - Nuestro Sistema Solar - Los 8 planetas . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBzmz1Adg2o&feature=player_detailpage Cosmología 101 - Materia Oscura http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttpkto9Cm5c http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ Imagen Astronómica del Día Los hermanos Wright . http://wright.nasa.gov/overview.htm Apollo 11 - Misión a la Luna .. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyeq8tquq1I [www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyeq8tquq1I ] Type URL address if req’d.) Juno a Júpiter Lanzamiento 03 de agosto 2011 42 .. © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=104732731 Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Maravillas del Espacio para ISC Las Maravillas del Espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 5 El Majestad y de la Música de la Luna Beethoven_et_la_lune.ppsm Incredible Poder Pointl Galería de Medios Pg. 5 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/viviana7777-257272-la-lunemagnifique-moon-magic-travel-places-nature-ppt-powerpoint/ (Click on bottom line of full URL address above.) At bottom of Power Point screen click on far right block next to MENU block. Full screen will appear. Press Esc to exit full screen mode. 70 slides. When PP complete, click on top right ‘X’ Close box to return to ISC page. Gran Videoclip para los niños y los jóvenes de corazón. Seleccione "Sol, la Tierra, la Luna Mobile" en You Tube 3:15 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=earth%2fmoon+videos&mid=BA94C4105264EA41F485BA94C4 105264EA41F485&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1 Colonizar la Luna 10:00 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Haga clic en "colonizar la Luna" en la columna de selección de la mano izquier a Web http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX646a657b636d0144400567&t=Moon Fases de la Luna 3:16 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Haga clic en "Las fases de la luna" en la columna de selección de la mano izquierda Web http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX5c60455063656c6c595c41&t=Moon El verdadero origen de la Luna - La Tierra? 9:37 http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm Haga clic en "origen de la Luna" en la columna de selección de la mano izquierda Web. http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX5f0066004258764170407f&t=Moon ¿Es un pájaro o ¿Es un robot? http://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.html Alert - when accessing ‘youtube.’ or nasa– click only on far right hand of URL address . http://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flie s_like_a_bird.html * 43 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * I S C Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . * Espacio Matriz de Ciencia ISC Las Maravillas del Espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 6 Astronomía 101 - Información Increíble Maravillas del Espacio para Thinking outside the box and putting things in perspective might help Here’s a little astronomy to help you put this into perspective Galería de Medios Pg. 6 .. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBzmz1Adg2o Alert - when accessing ‘youtube.’ or nasa– click only on far right hand of URL address . Cosmología 101 - Materia Oscura http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttpkto9Cm5c Imagen Astronómica del Día - Belleza Pura http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ ISS Showcase - Todos los sistemas operativos – PDF http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/iss_360.swf Haga clic aquí para descargar la barra de selección de archivos PDF en el borde izquierdo de la pantalla Principal Lista PDF mostrará - Todos los links en la lista PDF son en vivo . Cómo se Put Together . ¿Cómo está construido . Cómo se lleva a cabo y apoyadas. Cómo vive la tripulación . ¿Cómo funciona? . Lo que hace ISS flyaround Animación http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/iss_360.swf ISC Matrix y Puzzles Ciencia Ver 'ISC Ciencia Puzzles 12.18.11', para mapas del Universo y Gráficos SDSS observar las estrellas http://www.universetoday.com/8181/biggest-3-d-map-of-the-universe/ * 44 http://www.ted.com/talks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/t alks/a_robot_that_flies_like_a_bird.html © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * I S C Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . * . Espacio Matriz de Ciencia ISC VIDEOS PORTAL NASA Películas Red Fireball de la NASA – MEO Meteor Películas http://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/ Maravillas del Espacio para Galería de Medios Pg. 7 NASA Películas Portal Películas Space Cine http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/movies.html#Flag3 JSC Búsqueda Rápida Lista de películas de Cine Espacio Cines Select (.mov) or (.avi) Haga clic en una película en la lista de búsqueda rápida para una descripción narrativa de la película y un texto caliente que descarga la película a su ordenador para jugar. (Nota: La mayoría de las películas requieren QuickTime (mov) o Vídeo para Windows (avi) jugadores durante la transmisión de los tipos de vídeo requiere Microsoft Media Player 7 o superior.) JFK Rice Speech, First Step on Moon, First Flag on Moon, Moon Golf, Mooncar Motoring, Rocket Off Moon, Mercury Seven Morph, Gemini Liftoff, Gemini EVA, Shuttle Launch, Astro-Robot Morph, LEM-Starship Morph, Saturn Five Launch, Payload Deploy, Apollo 13 Crew Morph, Astro-Santa Morph, Astro-Armour Morph, Verne Columbiad Cannon Capsule to Apollo Capsule Morph, Astronaut "Buzz" Aldrin Compares Verne's fiction with Apollo 11, Columbia to Santa Maria Morph, Feather-drop Galileo Moon Movie, Moon Lander Design Morph, Barbeque Spacecraft Cooling Morph, Astronaut Lifevest Morph, Moon Race Morph, LM Eagle to Eagle Morph, Manned Space Vehicle Evolution Morph, Solar System Planetary Morph, Apollo 13 NASA Rescue Movie [full length], Buzz Aldrin to Buzz Lightyear Morph, Weightless Space Cartoon [1956], Woodpecker Attack on Shuttle, Reagan Challenger Eulogy, Godspeed Again John Glenn Morph, NASA APOLLO 11 Movie, Freedom Seven Mercury mission of Alan Shepard, Challenger NASA Video [45 minutes], American Flag on Moon Patriotic Movie Dryden http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Movie/index.html Las más grandes estrellas en el Universo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bcz4vGvoxQA 45 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * I S C Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . * * Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Maravillas del Espacio para ISC Las Maravillas del Espacio Medios Galería - Espacio - Pg. 8 Odiseas del Espacio En busca de la Luz - Las llamaradas solares http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/ 2.21 min. NASA Espacio Sonidos de los Planetas – Increíble http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MmWeZHsQzs&feature=related 7:01 m. Galería de Medios Pg. 8 A Space Journey (HD) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un5SEJ8MyPc&feature=related 8.59 min. La galaxia más grande en el Universo: IC 1101 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UE8yHySiJ4A 5.40 min Un recorrido por el planeta Tierra desde el espacio - esa-ISS Space Odysseys http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5_GlAOCHyE&feature=related 20.34 min. Tierra desde el espacio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxs970FMYIo&feature=related 2.54 min. Interactive Space Shuttle Tour – Discovery (OV-103) http://360vr.com/2012/02/16/discovery-flight-deck_2193 Estación Espacial Internacional – Espectacular https://plus.google.com/108818810955465968635/posts/QxGW7G8bZoq#108818810955465968635/pos ts/QxGW7G8bZoq 3.20 min. Sinfonías de los Planetas 2 - NASA Voyager Grabaciones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAPNfKADA7Y&feature=related 10.01min. Viaje al fin del Universo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ufl_Nwbl8xs&feature=related 6.31 min. NASA Espacio Sonidos de los Planetas - Increíble 7:01 min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MmWeZHsQzs&feature=related NASA | Realice un recorrido "Swift" de la Galaxia de Andrómeda http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWxBTHVhc3I 3.06 min. 46 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * Space Science Dictionary compliments of NASA Goddard http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/dictionary.html Goddard Space Flight Center Please allow the whole page to load from http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/dictionary.html before you start searching for an entry. Otherwise, errors will occur. [A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ] (Note - Greek letters are written out by name - alpha, beta etc.) Sample page entries A absorption The process in which light or other electromagnetic radiation gives up its energy to an atom or molecule. absorption line spectrum A spectrum showing dark lines at some narrow color regions (wavelengths). The lines are formed by atoms absorbing light, which lifts their electrons to higher orbits. accretion Accumulation of dust and gas onto larger bodies such as stars, planets and moons. accretion disk A relatively flat sheet of gas and dust surrounding a newborn star, a black hole, or any massive object growing in size by attracting material. active galactic nuclei (AGN) A class of galaxies which spew massive amounts of energy from their centers, far more than ordinary galaxies. Many astronomers believe supermassive black holes may lie at the center of these galaxies and power their explosive energy output. Tell me about AGN! Tell me more about AGN! angstrom A unit of length equal to 0.00000001 centimeters. This may also be written as 1 x 10-8 cm (see scientific notation). 47 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia * Space Science Dictionary compliments of NASA JPL http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/glossary.php * * The following Space Terminology listed below provides a direct link to the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology Space Flight Dictionary at http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/glossary.php A good English dictionary on hand is also recommended. Additional resources are the "SEARCH BSF" function at the bottom of each page, and the Units of Measure section. You might also wish to consult the SEDS Basic Astronomical Terms page, or the NASA Aerospace Dictionary. Some additional glossaries that may be useful are linked here. Sample Display - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a, A -- Acceleration. a = Δ velocity / Δ time. Acceleration = Force / Mass A -- Ampere, the SI base unit of electric current. Å -- Angstrom (0.0001 micrometer, 0.1 nm). A Ring -- The outermost of the three rings of Saturn that are easily seen in a small telescope. AAAS -- American Association for the Advancement of Science. AACS -- Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem onboard a spacecraft. AAS -- American Astronomical Society. AC -- Alternating current. Acceleration -- Change in velocity. Note that since velocity comprises both direction and magnitude (speed), a change in either direction or speed constitutes acceleration. ALT -- Altitude. ALT -- Altimetry data. AM -- Ante meridiem (Latin: before midday), morning. am -- Attometer (10-18 m). AMMOS -- Advanced Multimission Operations System. Amor -- A class of Earth-crossing asteroid. AO -- Announcement of Opportunity. AOS -- Acquisition Of Signal, used in DSN operations. Aphelion -- Apoapsis in solar orbit. Apoapsis -- The farthest point in an orbit from the body being orbited. Apogee -- Apoapsis in Earth orbit. Apochron -- Apoapsis in Saturn orbit. Apojove -- Apoapsis in Jupiter orbit. Apollo -- A class of Earth-crossing asteroid 48 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a, A -- Acceleration. a = Δ velocity / Δ time. Acceleration = Force / Mass A -- Ampere, the SI base unit of electric current. Å -- Angstrom (0.0001 micrometer, 0.1 nm). A Ring -- The outermost of the three rings of Saturn that are easily seen in a small telescope. AAAS -- American Association for the Advancement of Science. AACS -- Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem onboard a spacecraft. AAS -- American Astronomical Society. AC -- Alternating current. Acceleration -- Change in velocity. Note that since velocity comprises both direction and magnitude (speed), a change in either direction or speed constitutes acceleration. ALT -- Altitude. ALT -- Altimetry data. AM -- Ante meridiem (Latin: before midday), morning. am -- Attometer (10-18 m). AMMOS -- Advanced Multimission Operations System. Amor -- A class of Earth-crossing asteroid. AO -- Announcement of Opportunity. AOS -- Acquisition Of Signal, used in DSN operations. Aphelion -- Apoapsis in solar orbit. Apoapsis -- The farthest point in an orbit from the body being orbited. Apogee -- Apoapsis in Earth orbit. Apochron -- Apoapsis in Saturn orbit. Apojove -- Apoapsis in Jupiter orbit. Apollo -- A class of Earth-crossing asteroid. Apolune -- Apoapsis in lunar orbit. Apselene -- Apoapsis in lunar orbit. Argument -- Angular distance. Argument of periapsis -- The argument (angular distance) of periapsis from the ascending node. Ascending node -- The point at which an orbit crosses a reference plane (such as a planet's equatorial plane or the ecliptic plane) going north. Asteroids -- Small bodies composed of rock and metal in orbit about the sun. Aten -- A class of Earth-crossing asteroid. Attometer -- 10-18 meter. Astronomical Twilight -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. AU -- Astronomical Unit, based on the mean Earth-to-sun distance, 149,597,870 km. Refer to "Units of Measure" section for complete information. AZ -- Azimuth. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ B -- Bel, a unit of ratio equal to ten decibels. Named in honor of telecommunications pioneer Alexander Graham Bell. B Ring -- The middle of the three rings of Saturn that are easily seen in a small telescope.Barycenter -- The common center of mass about which two or more bodies revolve. Beacon -- Downlink from a spacecraft that immediately indicates the state of the spacecraft as being one of several possible states by virtue of the presence and/or frequency of the subcarrier. See Chapter 10. Bel -- Unit of ratio equal to ten decibels. Named in honor of telecommunications pioneer Alexander Graham Bell. Billion -- In the U.S., 109. In other countries using SI, 1012. Bi-phase -- A modulation scheme in which data symbols are represented by a shift from one phase to another. See Chapter 10. BOT -- Beginning Of Track, used in DSN operations. 49 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia BPS -- Bits Per Second, same as Baud rate. BSF -- Basics of Space Flight (this document). BVR -- DSN Block Five (V) Receiver. BWG -- Beam waveguide 34-m DSS, the DSN's newest DSS design. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ c -- The speed of light, 299,792 km per second. C-band -- A range of microwave radio frequencies in the neighborhood of 4 to 8 GHz. C Ring -- The innermost of the three rings of Saturn that are easily seen in a small telescope. Caltech -- The California Institute of Technology. Carrier -- The main frequency of a radio signal generated by a transmitter prior to application of any modulation. Cassegrain -- Reflecting scheme in antennas and telescopes having a primary and a secondary reflecting surface to "fold" the EMF back to a focus near the primary reflector. CCD -- Charge Coupled Device, a solid-state imaging detector. C&DH -- Command and Data Handling subsystem on board a spacecraft, similar to CDS. CCS -- Computer Command subsystem on board a spacecraft, similar to CDS. CCSDS -- Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, developer of standards for spacecraft uplink and downlink, including packets. CDR -- GCF central data recorder. CDS -- Command and Data Subsystem onboard a spacecraft. CDSCC -- DSN's Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex in Australia. CDU -- Command Detector Unit onboard a spacecraft. Centrifugal force -- The outward-tending apparent force of a body revolving around another body. Centimeter -- 10-2 meter. Centripetal acceleration -- The inward acceleration of a body revolving around another body. CGPM -- General Conference of Weights and Measures, Sevres France. The abbreviation is from the French. CGPM is the source for the multiplier names (kilo, mega, giga, etc.) listed in this document. Chandler wobble -- A small motion in the Earth's rotation axis relative to the surface, discovered by American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler in 1891. Its amplitude is about 0.7 arcseconds (about 15 meters on the surface) with a period of 433 days. It combines with another wobble with a period of one year, so the total polar motion varies with a period of about 7 years. The Chandler wobble is an example of free nutation for a spinning non-spherical object. Channel -- In telemetry, one particular measurement to which changing values may be assigned. See Chapter 10. CIT -- California Institute of Technology, Caltech. Civil Twilight -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. Clarke orbit -- Geostationary orbit. CMC -- Complex Monitor and Control, a subsystem at DSCCs. CMD -- DSN Command System. Also, Command data. CNES -- Centre National d'Études Spatiales, France. Conjunction -- A configuration in which two celestial bodies have their least apparent separation. Coherent -- Two-way communications mode wherein the spacecraft generates its downlink frequency based upon the frequency of the uplink it receives. Coma -- The cloud of diffuse material surrounding the nucleus of a comet. Comets -- Small bodies composed of ice and rock in various orbits about the sun. CRAF -- Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby mission, cancelled. CRS -- Cosmic Ray Subsystem, high-energy particle instrument on Voyager. CRT -- Cathode ray tube video display device. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ dB -- Decibel, an expression of ratio (usually that of power levels) in the form of log base 10. A reference may be specified, for example, dBm is referenced to milliwatts, dBW is referenced to Watts, etc. Example: 20 dBm = 1020/10 = 102 = 100 milliwatts. 50 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia DC -- Direct current. DC -- The DSN Downlink Channel, several of which are in each DSN Downlink Tracking & Telemetry subsystem, DTT. DCC -- The DSN Downlink Channel Controller, one of which is in each DSN Downlink Channel, DC. DCPC -- The DSN Downlink Channel Processor Cabinet, one of which contains a DSN Downlink Channel, DC. DEC -- Declination. Decibel -- dB, an expression of ratio (see dB, above). One tenth of a Bel. See NIST website for further definition. Declination -- The measure of a celestial body's apparent height above or below the celestial equator. Density -- Mass per unit volume. For example, the density of water can be stated as 1 gram/cm3. Descending node -- The point at which an orbit crosses a reference plane (such as a planet's equatorial plane or the ecliptic plane) going south. DKF -- DSN keyword file, also known as KWF. Doppler effect -- The effect on frequency imposed by relative motion between transmitter and receiver. See Chapter 6. Downlink -- Signal received from a spacecraft. DSOT -- Data System Operations Team, part of the DSMS staff. DSCC -- Deep Space Communications Complex, one of three DSN tracking sites at Goldstone, California; Madrid, Spain; and Canberra, Australia; spaced about equally around the Earth for continuous tracking of deep-space vehicles. DSMS -- Deep Space Mission System, the system of computers, software, networks, and procedures that processes data from the DSN at JPL. DSN -- Deep Space Network, NASA's worldwide spacecraft tracking facility managed and operated by JPL. DSS -- Deep Space Station, the antenna and front-end equipment at DSCCs. DT -- Dynamical Time. Replaces Ephemeris Time, ET, as the independent argument in dynamical theories and ephemerides. Its unit of duration is based on the orbital motions of the Earth, Moon, and planets. DT has two expressions, Terrestrial Time, TT, (or Terrestrial Dynamical Time, TDT), and Barycentric Dynamical Time, TDB. More information on these, and still more timekeeping expressions, may be found at the U.S. Naval Observatory website. DTT -- The DSN Downlink Tracking & Telemetry subsystem. Dyne -- A unit of force equal to the force required to accelerate a 1-g mass 1 cm per second per second. Compare with Newton. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ E -- East. E -- Exa, a multiplier, x1018 from the Greek "hex" (six, the "h" is dropped). The reference to six is because this is the sixth multiplier in the series k, M, G, T, P, E. See the entry for CGPM. Earth -- Third planet from the sun, a terrestrial planet. Eccentricity -- The distance between the foci of an ellipse divided by the major axis. Ecliptic -- The plane in which Earth orbits the sun and in which solar and lunar eclipses occur. EDL -- (Atmospheric) Entry, Descent, and Landing. EDR -- Experiment Data Record. EHz -- ExaHertz (1018 Hz) EL -- Elevation. Ellipse -- A closed plane curve generated in such a way that the sums of its distances from the two fixed points (the foci) is constant. ELV -- Expendable launch vehicle. EM -- Electromagnetic. EMF -- Electromagnetic force (radiation). EMR -- Electromagnetic radiation. EOT -- End Of Track, used in DSN operations. Equator -- An imaginary circle around a body which is everywhere equidistant from the poles, defining the boundary between the northern and southern hemispheres. Equinox -- The equinoxes are times at which the center of the Sun is directly above the Earth's equator. The day and night would be of equal length at that time, if the Sun were a point and not a disc, and if there were no atmospheric refraction. Given the apparent disc of the Sun, and the Earth's atmospheric refraction, day and night actually become 51 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia equal at a point within a few days of each equinox. The vernal equinox marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere, and the autumnal equinox marks the beginning of autumn in the northern hemisphere. ERC -- NASA's Educator Resource Centers. ERT -- Earth-received time, UTC of an event at DSN receive-time, equal to SCET plus OWLT. ESA -- European Space Agency. ESP -- Extra-Solar Planet, a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun. See also Exoplanet. ET -- Ephemeris time, a measurement of time defined by orbital motions. Equates to Mean Solar Time corrected for irregularities in Earth's motions. Obsolete, replaced by TT, Terrestrial Time. eV -- Electron volt, a measure of the energy of subatomic particles. Exoplanet -- Extrasolar planet. A planet orbiting a star other than the sun. Extrasolar planet -- A planet orbiting a star other than the sun. Exoplanet. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ f, F -- Force. Two commonly used units of force are the Newton and the dyne. Force = Mass X Acceleration. FDS -- Flight Data Subsystem. FE -- Far Encounter phase of mission operations. Femtometer -- 10-15 meter. Fluorescence -- The phenomenon of emitting light upon absorbing radiation of an invisible wavelength. fm -- Femtometer (10-15 m) FM -- Frequency modulation. FTS -- DSN Frequency and Timing System. Also, frequency and timing data. FY -- Fiscal year. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ G -- Universal Constant of Gravitation. Its tiny value (G = 6.6726 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2) is unchanging throughout the universe. G -- Giga, a multiplier, x109, from the Latin "gigas" (giant). See the entry for CGPM. g -- Acceleration due to a body's gravity. Constant at any given place, the value of g varies from object to object (e.g. planets), and also with the distance from the center of the object. The relationship between the two constants is: g = GM/r2 where r is the radius of separation between the masses' centers, and M is the mass of the primary body (e.g. a planet). At Earth's surface, the value of g = 9.8 meters per second per second (9.8m/s2). See also weight. g -- Gram, a thousandth of the metric standard unit of mass (see kg). The gram was originally based upon the weight of a cubic centimeter of water, which still approximates the current value. Gal -- Unit of gravity field measurement corresponding to a gravitational acceleration of 1 cm/sec2. Galaxy -- One of billions of systems, each composed of numerous stars, nebulae, and dust. Galilean satellites -- The four large satellites of Jupiter so named because Galileo discovered them when he turned his telescope toward Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Gamma rays -- Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 femtometers wavelength. GCF -- Ground Communications Facilities, provides data and voice communications between JPL and the three DSCCs. GDS -- Ground Data System, encompasses DSN, GCF, DSMS, and project data processing systems. GDSCC -- DSN's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California. GEO -- Geosynchronous Earth Orbit. Geostationary -- A geosynchronous equatorial circular orbit. Also called Clarke orbit. Geosynchronous -- A direct, circular, low inclination orbit about the Earth having a period of 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. GHz -- Gigahertz (109 Hz). GLL -- The Galileo spacecraft. GMT -- Greenwich Mean Time. Obsolete. UT, Universal Time is preferred. Gravitation -- The mutual attraction of all masses in the universe. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation holds that every two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses, and 52 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This relation is given by the formula at right, where F is the force of attraction between the two objects, given G the Universal Constant of Gravitation, masses m1 and m2, and d distance. Also stated as Fg = GMm/r2 where Fg is the force of gravitational attraction, M the larger of the two masses, m the smaller mass, and r the radius of separation of the centers of the masses. See also weight. Gravitational waves -- Einsteinian distortions of the space-time medium predicted by general relativity theory (not yet directly detected as of March 2010). (Not to be confused with gravity waves, see below.) Gravity assist -- Technique whereby a spacecraft takes angular momentum from a planet's solar orbit (or a satellite's orbit) to accelerate the spacecraft, or the reverse. See Chapter 4. Gravity waves -- Certain dynamical features in a planet's atmosphere (not to be confused with gravitational waves, see above). Great circle -- An imaginary circle on the surface of a sphere whose center is at the center of the sphere. GSSR -- Goldstone Solar System Radar, a technique which uses very high-power X and S-band transmitters at DSS 14 to illuminate solar system objects for imaging. GTL -- Geotail spacecraft. GTO -- Geostationary (or geosynchronous) Transfer Orbit. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ HA -- Hour Angle. Halo orbit -- A spacecraft's pattern of controlled drift about an unstable Lagrange point (L1 or L2 for example) while in orbit about the primary body (e.g. the Sun). HEF -- DSN's high-efficiency 34-m DSS, replaces STD DSSs. Heliocentric -- Sun-centered. Heliopause -- The boundary theorized to be roughly circular or teardrop-shaped, marking the edge of the sun's influence, perhaps 100 AU from the sun. Heliosphere -- The space within the boundary of the heliopause, containing the sun and solar system. HEMT -- High-electron-mobility transistor, a low-noise amplifier used in DSN. HGA -- High-Gain Antenna onboard a spacecraft. Hohmann Transfer Orbit -- Interplanetary trajectory using the least amount of propulsive energy. See Chapter 4. Horizon -- The line marking the apparent junction of Earth and sky. For the technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory's Astronomical Applications. h -- Hour, 60 minutes of time. Hour Angle -- The angular distance of a celestial object measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing. In effect, HA represents the RA for a particular location and time of day. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ICE -- International Cometary Explorer spacecraft. ICRF -- International Celestial Reference Frame. The realization of the ICRS provided by the adopted positions of extragalactic objects. Link. ICRS -- International Celestial Reference System. Conceptual basis for celestial positions, aligned with respect to extremely distant objects and utilizing the theory of general relativity. Link. IERS -- International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Link. IF -- Intermediate Frequency. In a radio system, a selected processing frequency between RF (Radio Frequency) and the end product (e.g. audio frequency). Inclination -- The angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of the planet's equator, stated in degrees. IND -- JPL's Interplanetary Network Directorate, formerly IPN-ISD. Inferior planet -- Planet which orbits closer to the Sun than the Earth's orbit. Inferior conjunction -- Alignment of Earth, sun, and an inferior planet on the same side of the sun. Ion -- A charged particle consisting of an atom stripped of one or more of its electrons. IPAC -- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at Caltech campus on Wilson Avenue in Pasadena. IPC -- Information Processing Center, JPL's computing center on Woodbury Avenue in Pasadena. IPN-ISD -- (Obsolete. See IND) JPL's Interplanetary Network and Information Systems Directorate, formerly TMOD. IR -- Infrared, meaning "below red" radiation. Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 micrometers 53 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia wavelength. IRAS -- Infrared Astronomical Satellite. ISM -- Interstellas medium. ISO -- International Standards Organization. ISOE -- Integrated Sequence of Events. Isotropic -- Having uniform properties in all directions. IUS -- Inertial Upper Stage. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ JGR -- Journal Of Geophysical Research. Jovian -- Jupiter-like planets, the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. JPL -- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, operating division of the California Institute of Technology. Jupiter -- Fifth planet from the sun, a gas giant or Jovian planet. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ k -- Kilo, a multiplier, x103 from the Greek "khilioi" (thousand). See the entry for CGPM. K -- Kelvin, the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature. K-band -- A range of microwave radio frequencies in the neighborhood of 12 to 40 GHz. kg -- Kilogram. See below. Keyhole -- An area in the sky where an antenna cannot track a spacecraft because the required angular rates would be too high. Mechanical limitations may also contribute to keyhole size. Discussed in depth under Chapter 2. kHz -- kilohertz. Kilogram (kg) -- the SI base unit of mass, based on the mass of a metal cylinder kept in France. See also g (gram). Kilometer -- 103 meter. Klystron -- A microwave travelling wave tube power amplifier used in transmitters. km -- Kilometers. KSC -- Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida. KWF -- Keyword file of events listing DSN station activity. Also known as DKF, DSN keyword file. Kuiper belt -- A disk-shaped region about 30 to 100 AU from the sun considered to be the source of the short-period comets. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Lagrange points -- Five points with respect to an orbit which a body can stably occupy. Designated L1 through L5. See Chapter 5. LAN -- Local area network for inter-computer communications. Large Magellanic Cloud -- LMC, the larger of two small galaxies orbiting nearby our Milky Way galaxy, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. Laser -- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Compare with Maser. Latitude -- Circles in parallel planes to that of the equator defining north-south measurements, also called parallels. L-band -- A range of microwave radio frequencies in the neighborhood of 1 to 2 GHz. LCP -- Left-hand circular polarization. Leap Second -- A second which may be added or subtracted to adjust UTC at either, both, or neither, of two specific opportunities each year. Leap Year -- Every fourth year, in which a 366th day is added since the Earth's revolution takes 365 days 5 hr 49 min. LECP -- Low-Energy Charged-Particular Detector onboard a spacecraft. LEO -- Low Equatorial Orbit. LGA -- Low-Gain Antenna onboard a spacecraft. Light -- Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 1 nanometer wavelength. Light speed -- 299,792 km per second, the constant c. Light time -- The amount of time it takes light or radio signals to travel a certain distance at light speed. Light year -- A measure of distance, the distance light travels in one year, about 63,197 AU. 54 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia LMC -- Large Magellanic Cloud, the larger of two small galaxies orbiting nearby our Milky Way galaxy, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. LMC -- Link Monitor and Control subsystem at the SPCs within the DSN DSCCs. LNA -- Low-noise amplifier in DSN, either a maser or a HEMT. Local time -- Time adjusted for location around the Earth or other planets in time zones. Longitude -- Great circles that pass through both the north and south poles, also called meridians. LOS -- Loss Of Signal, used in DSN operations. LOX -- Liquid oxygen. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ m -- Meter (U.S. spelling; elsewhere metre), the international standard of linear measurement. m -- milli- multiplier of one one-thousandth, e.g. 1 mW = 1/1000 of a Watt, mm = 1/1000 meter. m, M -- Mass. The kilogram is the standard unit of mass. Mass = Acceleration / Force. M -- Mega, a multiplier, x106 (million) from the Greek "megas" (great). See the entry for CGPM. M100 -- Messier Catalog entry number 100 is a spiral galaxy in the Virgo cluster seen face-on from our solar system. Major axis -- The maximum diameter of an ellipse. Mars -- Fourth planet from the sun, a terrestrial planet. Maser -- A microwave travelling wave tube amplifier named for its process of Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Compare with Laser. In the Deep Space Network, masers are used as low-noise amplifiers of downlink signals, and also as frequency standards. Mass -- A fundamental property of an object comprising a numerical measure of its inertia; the amount of matter in the object. While an object's mass is constant (ignoring Relativity for this purpose), its weight will vary depending on its location. Mass can only be measured in conjunction with force and acceleration. MC-cubed -- Mission Control and Computing Center at JPL (outdated). MCCC -- Mission Control and Computing Center at JPL (outdated). MCD -- DSN's maximum-likelyhood convolutional decoder, the Viterbi decoder. MCT -- Mission Control Team, JPL Section 368 mission execution real-time operations. MDSCC -- DSN's Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex in Spain. Mean solar time -- Time based on an average of the variations caused by Earth's non-circular orbit. The 24-hour day is based on mean solar time. Mercury -- First planet from the sun, a terrestrial planet. Meridians -- Great circles that pass through both the north and south poles, also called lines of longitude. MESUR -- The Mars Environmental Survey project at JPL, the engineering prototype of which was originally called MESUR Pathfinder, later Mars Pathfinder. Meteor -- A meteoroid which is in the process of entering Earth's atmosphere. It is called a meteorite after landing. Meteorite -- Rocky or metallic material which has fallen to Earth or to another planet. Meteoroid -- Small bodies in orbit about the sun which are candidates for falling to Earth or to another planet. MGA -- Medium-Gain Antenna onboard a spacecraft. MGN -- The Magellan spacecraft. MGSO -- (Obsolete. See TMOD) JPL's Multimission Ground Systems Office. MHz -- Megahertz (106 Hz). Micrometer -- µm, 10-6 meter. Micron -- Obsolete terms for micrometer, µm (10-6 m). Milky Way -- The galaxy which includes the sun and Earth. Millimeter -- 10-3 meter. MIT -- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. MLI -- Multi-layer insulation (spacecraft blanketing). See Chapter 11. mm -- millimeter (10-3 m). MO -- The Mars Observer spacecraft. Modulation -- The process of modifying a radio frequency by shifting its phase, frequency, or amplitude to carry information. MON -- DSN Monitor System. Also, monitor data. Moon -- A small natural body which orbits a larger one. A natural satellite. Capitalized, the Earth's natural satellite. 55 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia Moonrise -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. Moonset -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. MOSO -- Multimission Operations Systems Office at JPL. MR -- Mars relay. µm -- Micrometer (10-6 m). Multiplexing -- A scheme for delivering many different measurements in one data stream. See Chapter 10. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ N -- Newton, the SI unit of force equal to that required to accelerate a 1-kg mass 1 m per second per second (1m/sec2). Compare with dyne. N -- North. Nadir -- The direction from a spacecraft directly down toward the center of a planet. Opposite the zenith. NASA -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Nautical Twilight -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. NE -- Near Encounter phase in flyby mission operations. Neptune -- Eighth planet from the sun, a gas giant or Jovian planet. NiCad -- Nickel-cadmium rechargable battery. NIMS -- Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Galileo spacecraft. NIST -- National Institute of Standards. nm -- Nanometer (10-9 m). nm -- Nautical Mile, equal to the distance spanned by one minute of arc in latitude, 1.852 km. NMC -- Network Monitor and Control subsystem in DSN. NOCC -- DSN Network Operations Control Center at JPL. Nodes -- Points where an orbit crosses a reference plane. Non-coherent -- Communications mode wherein a spacecraft generates its downlink frequency independent of any uplink frequency. Nucleus -- The central body of a comet. Nutation -- A small nodding motion in a rotating body. Earth's nutation has a period of 18.6 years and an amplitude of 9.2 arc seconds. NRZ -- Non-return to zero. Modulation scheme in which a phase deviation is held for a period of time in order to represent a data symbol. See Chapter 10. NSP -- DSN Network Simplification Project. A project that re-engineered the DSN to consolidate seven data systems into two data systems that handle the same data types. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ OB -- Observatory phase in flyby mission operations encounter period. One-way -- Communications mode consisting only of downlink received from a spacecraft. Oort cloud -- A large number of comets theorized to orbit the sun in the neighborhood of 50,000 AU. OPCT -- Operations Planning and Control Team at JPL, "OPSCON." Obsolete, replaced by DSOT, Data Systems Operations Team. Opposition -- Configuration in which one celestial body is opposite another in the sky. A planet is in opposition when it is 180 degrees away from the sun as viewed from another planet (such as Earth). For example, Saturn is at opposition when it is directly overhead at midnight on Earth. OPNAV -- Optical Navigation (images). OSI -- ISO's Open Systems Interconnection protocol suite. OSR -- Optical Solar Reflector, thermal control component onboard a spacecraft. OSS -- Office Of Space Science, NASA. Obsolete, replaced by Science Mission Directorate (SMD). OSSA -- Office Of Space Science and Applications, NASA (Obsolete, see OSS). OTM -- Orbit Trim Maneuver, spacecraft propulsive maneuver. 56 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia OWLT -- One-Way Light Time, elapsed time between Earth and spacecraft or solar system body. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ P -- Peta, a multiplier, x1015, from the Greek "pente" (five, the "n" is dropped). The reference to five is because this is the fifth multiplier in the series k, M, G, T, P. See the entry for CGPM. Packet -- A quantity of data used as the basis for multiplexing, for example in accordance with CCSDS. PAM -- Payload Assist Module upper stage. Parallels -- Circles in parallel planes to that of the equator defining north-south measurements, also called lines of latitude. Pathfinder -- The Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) engineering prototype later named Mars Pathfinder. PDS -- Planetary Data System. PDT -- Pacific Daylight Time. PE -- Post Encounter phase in flyby mission operations. Periapsis -- The point in an orbit closest to the body being orbited. Perigee -- Periapsis in Earth orbit. Perichron -- Periapsis in Saturn orbit. Perihelion -- Periapsis in solar orbit. Perijove -- Periapsis in Jupiter orbit. Perilune -- Periapsis in lunar orbit. Periselene -- Periapsis in lunar orbit. Phase -- The angular distance between peaks or troughs of two waveforms of similar frequency. Phase -- The particular appearance of a body's state of illumination, such as the full or crescent phases of the Moon. Phase -- Any one of several predefined periods in a mission or other activity. Photovoltaic -- Materials that convert light into electric current. PHz -- Petahertz (1015 Hz). PI -- Principal Investigator, scientist in charge of an experiment. Picometer -- 10-12 meter. PIO -- JPL's Public Information Office. Plasma -- Electrically conductive fourth state of matter (other than solid, liquid, or gas), consisting of ions and electrons. PLL -- Phase-lock-loop circuitry in telecommunications technology. Plunge -- In describing the tracking motion of an AZ-EL or ALT-AZ mounted radio telescope, to "plunge" means to exceed 90° in elevation and then to continue tracking as elevation decreases on the other side without swiveling around in azimuth. This is not a capability of DSN antennas. Pluto -- Ninth planet from the sun, sometimes classified as a small terrestrial planet. pm -- Picometer (10-12 m). PM -- Post meridiem (Latin: after midday), afternoon. PN10 -- Pioneer 10 spacecraft. PN11 -- Pioneer 11 spacecraft. Prograde -- Orbit in which the spacecraft moves in the same direction as the planet rotates. See retrograde. PST -- Pacific Standard Time. PSU -- Pyrotechnic Switching Unit onboard a spacecraft. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Quasar -- Quasi-stellar object observed mainly in radio waves. Quasars are extragalactic objects believed to be the very distant centers of active galaxies. RA -- Right Ascension. Radian -- Unit of angular measurement equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius. Equals about 57.296 degrees. RAM -- Random Access Memory. RCP -- Right-hand circular polarization. Red dwarf -- A small star, on the order of 100 times the mass of Jupiter. 57 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia Reflection -- The deflection or bouncing of electromagnetic waves when they encounter a surface. Refraction -- The deflection or bending of electromagnetic waves when they pass from one kind of transparent medium into another. REM -- Receiver Equipment Monitor within the Downlink Channel (DC) of the Downlink Tracking & Telemetry subsystem (DTT). Retrograde -- Orbit in which the spacecraft moves in the opposite direction from the planet's rotatation. See prograde. RF -- Radio Frequency. RFI -- Radio Frequency Interference. Right Ascension -- The angular distance of a celestial object measured in hours, minutes, and seconds along the celestial equator eastward from the vernal equinox. Rise -- As in ascending above the horizon, for the technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory's Astronomical Applications. RNS -- GCF reliable network service. ROM -- Read Only Memory. RPIF -- Regional Planetary Imaging Data Facilities. RRP -- DSN Receiver & Ranging Processor within the Downlink Channel (DC) of the Downlink Tracking & Telemetry subsystem (DTT). RS -- DSN Radio Science System. Also, radio science data. RTG -- Radioisotope Thermo-Electric Generator onboard a spacecraft. RTLT -- Round-Trip Light Time, elapsed time roughly equal to 2 x OWLT. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ S -- South. s -- Second, the SI base unit of time (see this extensive definition). SA -- Solar Array, photovoltaic panels onboard a spacecraft. SAF -- Spacecraft Assembly Facility, JPL Building 179. SAR -- Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite -- A small body which orbits a larger one. A natural or an artificial moon. Earth-orbiting spacecraft are called satellites. While deep-space vehicles are technically satellites of the sun or of another planet, or of the galactic center, they are generally called spacecraft instead of satellites. Saturn -- Sixth planet from the sun, a gas giant or Jovian planet. S-band -- A range of microwave radio frequencies in the neighborhood of 2 to 4 GHz. SC -- Steering Committee. SCET -- Spacecraft Event Time, equal to ERT minus OWLT. SCLK -- Spacecraft Clock Time, a counter onboard a spacecraft. Sec -- Abbreviation for Second. Second -- the SI base unit of time. See this extensive definition. SEDR -- Supplementary Experiment Data Record. SEF -- Spacecraft event file. SEGS -- Sequence of Events Generation Subsystem. Semi-major axis -- Half the distance of an ellipse's maximum diameter, the distance from the center of the ellipse to one end. Set -- As in going below the horizon, for the technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory's Astronomical Applications. SFOF -- Space Flight Operations Facility, Buildings 230 and 264 at JPL. SFOS -- Space Flight Operations Schedule, product of SEGS. Shepherd moons -- Moons which gravitationally confine ring particles. SI -- The International System of Units (metric system). See also Units of Measure. SI base unit -- One of seven SI units of measure from which all the other SI units are derived. See SI derived unit. See also Units of Measure. SI derived unit -- One of many SI units of measure expressed as relationships of the SI base units. For example, the watt, W, is the SI derived unit of power. It is equal to joules per second. W = m2 ⋅ kg ⋅ s–3 (Note: the joule, J, is the SI derived unit for energy, work, or quantity of heat.) See also Units of Measure. 58 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia Sidereal time -- Time relative to the stars other than the sun. SIRTF -- Space Infrared Telescope Facility. SMC -- Small Magellanic Cloud, the smaller of two small galaxies orbiting nearby our Milky Way galaxy, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. SMD -- Science Mission Directorate, NASA (previously Office Of Space Science, OSS). SOE -- Sequence of Events. Solar wind -- Flow of lightweight ions and electrons (which together comprise plasma) thrown from the sun. SNR -- Signal-to-Noise Ratio. SPC -- Signal Processing Center at each DSCC. Specific Impulse -- A measurement of a rocket's relative performance. Expressed in seconds, the number of which a rocket can produce one pound of thrust from one pound of fuel. The higher the specific impulse, the less fuel required to produce a given amount of thrust. Spectrum -- A range of frequencies or wavelengths. SSA -- Solid State Amplifier in a spacecraft telecommunications subsystem, the final stage of amplification for downlink. SSI -- Solid State Imaging Subsystem, the CCD-based cameras on Galileo. SSI -- Space Services, Inc., Houston, manufacturers of the Conestoga launch vehicle. STD -- Standard 34-m DSS, retired from DSN service. STS -- Space Transportation System (Space Shuttle). Subcarrier -- Modulation applied to a carrier which is itself modulated with information-carrying variations. Sunrise -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. Sunset -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. Sun synchronous orbit -- A spacecraft orbit that precesses, wherein the location of periapsis changes with respect to the planet's surface so as to keep the periapsis location near the same local time on the planet each orbit. See walking orbit. Superior planet -- Planet which orbits farther from the sun than Earth's orbit. Superior conjunction -- Alignment between Earth and a planet on the far side of the sun. SWG -- Science Working Group. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ TAU -- Thousand AU Mission. TCM -- Trajectory Correction Maneuver, spacecraft propulsive maneuver. TDM -- Time-division multiplexing. Termination shock -- Shock at which the solar wind is thought to slow to subsonic speed, well inside the heleopause. T -- Tera, a multiplier x1012, from the Greek teras (monster). See the entry for CGPM. Terrestrial planet -- One of the four inner Earth-like planets. Three-way -- Coherent communications mode wherein a DSS receives a downlink whose frequency is based upon the frequency of an uplink provided by another DSS. TMOD -- (Obsolete. See IPN-ISD) JPL's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate. Formerly MGSO. THz -- Terahertz (1012 Hz). TLM -- DSN Telemetry data. TLP -- DSN Telemetry Processor within the DTT Downlink Channel. TOS -- Transfer Orbit Stage, upper stage. Transducer -- Device for changing one kind of energy into another, typically from heat, position, or pressure into a varying electrical voltage or vice-versa, such as a microphone or speaker. Transit -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. Transponder -- Electronic device which combines a transmitter and a receiver. TRC -- NASA's Teacher Resource Centers. Obsolete, now called Educator Resource Centers, ERC. TRK -- DSN Tracking System. Also, Tracking data. TRM -- Transmission Time, UTC Earth time of uplink. True anomaly -- The angular distance of a point in an orbit past the point of periapsis, measured in degrees. 59 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia Twilight -- For technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications website. TWNC -- Two-Way Non-Coherent mode, in which a spacecraft's downlink is not based upon a received uplink from DSN. Two-way -- Communications mode consisting of downlink received from a spacecraft while uplink is being received at the spacecraft. See also coherent. TWT -- Traveling Wave Tube, downlink power amplifier in a spacecraft telecommunications subsystem, the final stage of amplification for downlink (same unit as TWTA). TWTA -- Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier, downlink power amplifier in a spacecraft telecommunications subsystem, the final stage of amplification for downlink (same unit as TWT). TXR -- DSN's DSCC Transmitter assembly. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ UHF -- Ultra-high frequency (around 300MHz). µm -- Micrometer (10-6 m). ULS -- Ulysses spacecraft. Uplink -- Signal sent to a spacecraft. UPL -- The DSN Uplink Tracking & Command subsystem. Uranus -- Seventh planet from the sun, a gas giant or Jovian planet. USO -- Ultra Stable Oscillator, in a spacecraft telecommunications subsystem. UT -- Universal Time, also called Zulu (Z) time, previously Greenwich Mean Time. UT is based on the imaginary "mean sun," which averages out the effects on the length of the solar day caused by Earth's slightly non-circular orbit about the sun. UT is not updated with leap seconds as is UTC. UTC -- Coordinated Universal Time, the world-wide scientific standard of timekeeping. It is based upon carefully maintained atomic clocks and is highly stable. Its rate does not change by more than about 100 picoseconds per day. The addition or subtraction of leap seconds, as necessary, at two opportunities every year adjusts UTC for irregularities in Earth's rotation. The U.S. Naval Observatory website provides information in depth on the derivation of UTC. UV -- Ultraviolet (meaning "above violet") radiation. Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 nanometers wavelength. UWV -- DSN Microwave subsystem in DSSs which includes waveguides, waveguide switches, LNAs, polarization filters, etc. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Velocity -- A vector quantity whose magnitude is a body's speed and whose direction is the body's direction of motion. Venus -- Second planet from the sun, a terrestrial planet. VGR1 -- Voyager 1 spacecraft. VGR2 -- Voyager 2 spacecraft. VLBI -- DSN Very Long Baseline Interferometry System. Also, VLBI data. Link. W -- Watt, a measure of electrical power equal to potential in volts times current in amps. W -- West. Walking orbit -- A spacecraft orbit that precesses, wherein the location of periapsis changes with respect to the planet's surface in a useful way. See sun-synchronous. Wavelength -- The distance that a wave from a single oscillation of electromagnetic radiation will propagate during the time required for one oscillation. Weight -- The gravitational force exerted on an object of a certain mass. The weight of mass m is mg Newtons, where g is the local acceleration due to a body's gravity. WWW -- World-Wide Web. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ X-band -- A range of microwave radio frequencies in the neighborhood of 8 to 12 GHz. 60 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia X-ray -- Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 picometer wavelength. Y -- Yotta, a multiplier, x1024 from the second-to-last letter of the Latin alphabet. See the entry for CGPM. Z -- Zetta, a multiplier, x1021 from the last letter of the Latin alphabet. See the entry for CGPM. Z -- Zulu in phonetic alphabet, stands for UT, Universal Time. Zenith -- The point on the celestial sphere directly above the observer. Opposite the nadir. 61 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio ISSI .. Instituto Internaci onal de Ciencias del Espacio Misión ISSI El Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio (ISSI) es miembro del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, donde los científicos de todo el mundo se reúnen en un entorno multi e interdisciplinario para llegar a nuevos horizontes científicos. La función principal es contribuir al logro de una comprensión más profunda de los resultados de diferentes misiones espaciales, observaciones basadas en tierra y experimentos de laboratorio, y la adición de valor de los resultados a través de la investigación multidisciplinaria en el marco de equipos internacionales, talleres, grupos de trabajo, foros o científicos visitantes como individuales. El programa de ISSI cubre un espectro amplio de disciplinas como la física del sistema solar y las ciencias planetarias a la astrofísica y la cosmología, la biología y de la Tierra Ciencias de la astrobiología. www.issibern.ch General Presentation of the International Space Science Institute (pdf file) 62 http://www.issibern.ch/aboutissi/ISSI_Falanga.pdf © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio ISSI ISSI Forums ISSI Historia Instituto Internaci onal de Ciencias del Espacio El Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio (ISSI) es una organización sin fines de lucro creada en Berna, Suiza, en 1995. ISSI es una fundación de derecho suizo con una dotación inicial de la principal compañía espacial suiza Contraves Espacio AG, después Oerlikon Espacio AG y ahora una parte de RUAG. La Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA), la Confederación Suiza, la Fundación Nacional de Ciencia de Suiza (SNF) y la Universidad de Berna proporcionan los recursos financieros para la operación de ISSI. Desde 2010 la Academia de Ciencias de Rusia también está apoyando ISSI con una contribución financiera anual. A finales de 1980 la idea del Instituto Internacional de Ciencias del Espacio fue fuertemente apoyada por la ESA en la estela de la exitosa cooperación entre los cuatro principales organismos mundiales de los EE.UU. (NASA), Japón (ISAS), Rusia (IKI) y Europa (ESA) en la exploración del cometa Halley y después en el estudio de la física solar terrestre. La investigación espacial para entonces había alcanzado una etapa en los esfuerzos coordinados mediante muchos experimentos en muchas naves espaciales, así como las observaciones terrestres y modelado teórico, generalmente se requieren para avanzar en la ciencia y nuestra comprensión del Universo que nos rodea. 63 Agencias Espaciales, autoridades políticas suizas, la comunidad, la industria de Ciencia Espacial y la Asociación Pro ISSI promovido activamente la creación del Instituto de Ciencia Espacial Internacional, que finalmente fue establecido 1995 en Berna, Suiza. www.issibern.ch © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Espacio Matriz de Ciencia ICIS Internacional Cooperación en Espacio The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III .. Internacional Cooperación en Espacio Countries Dedicated to Space Cooperation INDIA - ISRO Organización de Investigación Espacial de la http://www.isro.org/scripts/internationalcooperations.aspx INDIA ISRO La cooperación internacional es un área estratégica para un programa espacial porque las relaciones con otros países están influenciados por factores de personalidad políticos, económicos, culturales y humanos, así como los factores científicos y tecnológicos. La India siempre ha reconocido que el espacio tiene dimensión más allá de consideraciones nacionales, que sólo pueden ser abordadas junto con socios internacionales. Con los años, como la ISRO ha madurado en la experiencia y las capacidades tecnológicas, el alcance de la cooperación se ha convertido en múltiples facetas. Mientras que las misiones exploratorias allá de la tierra son los candidatos naturales para tales esfuerzos de cooperación, hay muchos otros temas como el cambio climático en la tierra que son de interés para la cooperación internacional, debido a su impacto global.. Sitios de lanzamiento y 9 Centros ISRO http://www.isro.org/isrocentres/isrocenters.aspx 64 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery * Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Internacional Lanzamiento Horarios Internacional Lanzamiento Horarios Actualizado listados de misiones previstas de Spaceports en todo el mundo Internacional Lanzamiento Horarios . ICIS Internacional Cooperación en Espacio . VUELO ESPACIAL AHORA http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/ SATÉLITE EN LA RED http://www.satelliteonthenet.co.uk/index.php/2013 Lanzamiento Calendario consolidado de la http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule101.html DESPEGUE para LIFTOFF Kennedy Space Center & Cape Canaveral Launch Schedule http://spacecoastlaunches.com/ Lanzamiento Espacial Informe http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/ Ariane - Soyuz - China CZ-2D, 3B, 4B - Proton 5 - Atlas 5 - Vega Antares - Delta 4 - Falcon 9 - Rokot/Briz KM - Strela - Zenit Ariannespace http://www.arianespace.com/news/mission-status.asp Foro SpaceFlight.com NASA - ISRO India Misiones http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=1173.msg840834#msg840834 65 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. Centro Internacional de Ciencia C Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Espacio Matriz de Ciencia Lanzamiento Internacional de Historia Lanzamiento Internacional de Historia general de Spaceports de todo el globo ISC Internacional Lanzamiento Horarios International lanza - Actualizado 20 de diciembre 2013 . Spaceports NASA Misión MAVEN a Marte - Lanzado 18 de noviembre 2013 http://spacecoastlaunches.com/ Alrededor El Mundo Arianespace Organización de Investigación Espacial de la India http://www.arianespace.com/news/mission-status.asp Soyuz Flight VS06 Dec. 20, 2013 . . ISRO http://www.isro.org/index.aspx Mars Orbiter Mission Dec.1, 2013 . . Espacio de Rusia Exploración Aeroespacial del Japón Agencia Espacial JAXA http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html . http://www.russianspaceweb.com/ Updated Nov. 29, 2013 . Updated Nov. 26, 2013 . . . Beyond the Sky and into Space - JAXA 2012-2013 .. Lista Agencia Espacial – Mundial http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_agency Agencia Espacial Brasileña (AEB) http://www.iafastro.com/index.php/organisations/brazilian-space-agency-aeb . 66 .. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (INPE) © 2011 R.B. Editor de Launch MorganCenter - Reservados los derechos. Alcântara (CLA), andtodos the Barreira do Inferno Launch Center. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3 www.inpe.br/ingles/ Centro de Ciencia Internacional – Proyecto de Información de Ciencia ▪ I S Copyright 2011 - A public service of The American Millennium Foundation, Inc. C Centro Internacional de Ciencia Ciencia Espacial . Home – Index – Space – Earth – Ocean – New Tech. – Eng’g. – Colleges – Health – Medicine – Environment – Gallery Sistema Solar - Planetas y Lunas Espacio Matriz de Ciencia USGS Solar Sistema http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/ Diccionario Geográfico de Nomenclatura Planetaria El diccionario geográfico de nomenclatura planetaria es mantenido por el Grupo de Geomática del Planetario USGS Astrogeology Science Center. Este trabajo es apoyado por el. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Planetas Lunas y Más Planetario Nombres Nomenclatura planetaria, como nomenclatura terrestre, se utiliza para identificar de forma exclusiva un reportaje sobre la superficie de un planeta o satélite para que la función puede ser fácilmente localizado, descrito y discutido. El sitio se desarrolló en cooperación con el International Astronomical Union (IAU) Grupo de Trabajo de Nomenclatura del Sistema Planetario (WGPSN). Contact Us | IAU | USGS Astrogeology Science Center | NASA Historia de la Nomenclatura Planetaria IAU - USGS - NASA El International Astronomical Union (IAU) http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/History IAU USGS IAU - División Sistemas Planetarios F y Bioastronomía http://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/divisions/F/ IAU Nuevos Nombres para su Uso en los Planetas (Actualizado diario o por horas según sea necesario.) http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/authors/5-Jennifer-Blue/ Noticias: : Ten New Crater Personas Aprobadas en Mercurio Mon, 16 Dec 2013 11:19:16 -0700 Nuevo Nombre Aprobado para su Uso en Marte - Simois Colles Tue, 03 Dec 2013 11:36:08 -0700 Cinco Nuevos Nombres Aprobados para su Uso en Titán Tue, 03 Dec 2013 10:03:05 -0700 67 © 2011 R.B. Editor de Morgan - Reservados todos los derechos. Patrocinado por The American Millennium Foundation, Inc unos 501(c) (3