Hacia un indicador de alerta temprana de la eutrofización

Hacia un indicador de alerta temprana de la eutrofización

Ferreira et al. 2011
Contamination sources
1977
2013
Población 2001 = 632372 Hab.
Población 2012 = 864575 Hab.
Crecimiento del 37% (2001)
Contamination sources
1977
2005
2005
2009
2013
2009
Main Objective
Identify the most sensitive and reliable markers to track nutrient enrichment and/or eutrophication
Sampling site
Verifying the transect
Verifying the transect
δ
15N as marker
Periphyton
Macrophytes
Filters Sediments
Consumidores
Atmósfera
Consumidores
Primarios
Productores
Primarios
Fijadores
Nitrogeno
Secundarios
δ
15N as marker
δ
15N as marker
δ
15N as marker
δ
13C as marker
δ
13C as marker
δ
13C as marker
Other seasonal changes
New posibilities
Eutrophycation
δ15N δ13C Climate change?
Side‐event:
Challenges of climate change for Lake Titicaca binational watershed (Peru ‐
Xavier Lazzaro
IRD/BOREA @ UMSA/UCA, La Paz
[email protected]
Since 4 decades, only two log‐term 2‐yr studies
Ramis
Richerson et al (1977)
Suchez
Puno
Copacabana
Lazzaro (1981)
Cohana
Pollutions:
Mines
Urban, industrial
The TITICACA SENSORS (TTKKS) in situ platform
David Point1-3, Xavier Lazzaro2-3, Alexis Groleau4 & Darío Achá3
1
UMR 5563 GET, IRD, Toulouse 2 UMR 7208 BOREA, IRD, Paris
3 LCA/UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia 4 UMR 7047 LGE, IPGP, Paris
Lago Menor
NKE MP (DO, pression, pH, cond.), FluoroProbe bbe (Chl‐a), HOBO (temp., vertical profile)
NKE SDOT (OD), SPDT (pression, temp.)
Continuous data of phytoplankton activity from submerged probes at Huatajata (1.5‐m depth)
Acquisition rate 10 min (144/day)
DO % saturation per day
200
% saturation
DO (% saturation per day)
High‐photosynthesis periods
150
g$JN
Nocturnal
Diurnal
100
JOUR
NIGHT
50
0
1
50
100
200
Days
February‐May 2013
June‐September 2013
Dry season
Total fluorescence of chlorophyll‐a (eq. µg/L)
! g Chl-a/l
Rainy
Acquisition rate 45 min (32/day)
Chl-a/l per day
30
Windy
Minimum
at midday
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
20
NKE MP
FluoroProbe bbe
Cryptophytes
f$JN
Nocturnal
Diurnal
JOUR
NIGHT
10
0
50
100
200
Days
Depth (m)
UV‐B: 305, 313 nm
UV‐A: 320, 340, 380, 395 nm
PAR: 412, 400‐700 nm
DMC
Deep maximum chlorophyll
FluoroProb
e bbe
% of sub‐surface radiance
Biospherical C‐OPS spectroradiometer: UV‐B , UV‐A (µW cm‐2 nm‐1) and PAR (µE cm‐
2 s‐1)
UV‐B, UV‐A, and
PAR underwater
attenuation
3‐Photobiology
C‐OPS Attenuation coefficients (Kd) and depths Biospherical
UV‐PAR radiometer
(Z1%) of UVR and PAR (visible) radiations at Chúa
Loss 1 m
Loss 13 m
Evolution from Past ‐> Present
in 17 years!
Feb. – May 1980
Kd (m‐1)
0.22 ‐ 0.26
Z1% (m)
15.6 – 21.0
in 16 years!
Sep. 1997
Kd (m‐1)
Dic. 2012 – Sep. 2013
Z1% (m)
0.66
7.0
0.24
19.0
0.22
20.0
Kd (m‐1)
Chúa‐
40m
UV‐B
1.6 ‐ 2.0
2.4 ‐ 2.9
UV‐A
0.59 ‐ 1.44
3.1 ‐ 6.6
PAR
Lazzaro 1981
Rev. Hydrob. trop.
Li-Cor 192S underwater probe
and Li-Cor 185A quantum meter
(PAR)
Villafañe et al. 1999
Freshwat. Biol.
International Light wide band
filter radiometer IL-1700 (UVB, UV-A, PAR)
Z1% (m)
0.47 ‐
7.3 ‐ 11.9
0.48
TTKKS project
Biospherical Instruments Inc.
Submersible C-OPS spectral
radiometer (UV-B, UV-A, PAR)
www.simposiotiticaca.org/
www.lagossinfronteras.org/
X. Lazzaro (IRD) proposed to implement an Environmental Observatory: agreed by all participating institutions
FEATURES (in progress…):
¾Databases on TDPS watershed
¾Bibliographic database
¾Dataset on researchers
¾Dataset on equipments
¾Information on the Observatory
¾Virtual forums
¾Training offers
¾Job offers
¾Cooperating sources
¾Funding sources
… and more www.observatoriotiticaca.org/
Data published in standards for exchange of geographic information in Google Earth and GIS formats
Geo locate historical and current data
The GeoPortal IIGEO/UMSA
Contactos:
Javier Nuñez Villalba, [email protected]
Marcelo Flores Medrano, [email protected]
… in Google Earth format
12 research documents, 35 researchers, 307 pp,
815 references
250 scanned reports (pdf)
… iin GIS format with its data bases
Stored documents for consultation prior approval; eventually restriction username and password
Instituto de Investigaciones Farmaco Bioquímicas
calidad ambiental
Side‐event:
Desafíos del cambio climático para la cuenca binacional del Lago Titicaca (Perú ‐ Bolivia)
Jhan Carlo Espinoza – IGP, Lima
jhan‐[email protected]
www.igp.gob.pe
Waldo Lavado – SENAMHI‐PE, Lima
[email protected]
www.senamhi.gob.p
César Gamarra – IMARPE, Puno
[email protected]
www.imarpe.pe
Darío Achá – UMSA/UCA, La Paz
[email protected]
www.ie‐umsa.org/inicio/index.php/lca.html
Xavier Lazzaro – IRD/BOREA, La Paz
[email protected]
www.bolivie.ird.fr
Simón Avilés – CICATAL, La Paz
[email protected]
Debate:
Challenges of climate change for Lake Titicaca binational watershed (Peru ‐ Bolivia)
(1)To implement long‐term continuous monitoring (2)To adapt climate models to the extreme orography of the Andes and the Altiplano
(3)To undertake research for the restoration of the most polluted / eutrophic environments (4)To improve governance of Lake Titicaca binational watershed,