Citation XX - White Paper

CitationXX
Citation, 240 Crossways Park West, Woodbury New York 11797
SEARCH FOR THE ULTIMATE ^AMPLIFIER
You, the music l o v e r , are constantly i n search o f the u l t i m a t e i n m u s i c a l l y
accurate sound reproduction. C i t a t i o n completely agrees w i t h t h i s d e s i r e .
Towards t h a t end, we introduced the C i t a t i o n XX — the Ultimate A m p l i f i e r —
the very heart o f every audio system.
In order t o achieve such a high g o a l , C i t a t i o n sought out the f i n e s t engin­
eering minds i n the f i e l d s o f e l e c t r o n i c s , acoustics, psychoacoustics,
physics, plus a group o f the most p u r i s t i c musicians o f the present era. To
head t h i s team o f s c i e n t i s t s and guide the research t o i t s f i n a l g o a l .
C i t a t i o n commissioned the foremost engineer i n the audio design f i e l d , Dr.
M a t t i Otala o f Finland. Dr. Otala i s world famous f o r h i s research and
w r i t i n g s en the subject o f Transient Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n , an audible
d i s t o r t i o n problem he discovered i n 1970 and then resolved.
Dr. Otala's engineering genius concerning TIM i s found i n most sophisticated
a m p l i f i e r s today. I t was these phenomenal achievements t h a t l e d C i t a t i o n t o
engage h i s services f o r t h i s noble p r o j e c t . Dr. Otala earned a degree from
the U n i v e r s i t y o f Technology, H e l s i n k i i n 1963, earned the M.S.C. i n engin­
eering a t Oulu U n i v e r s i t y i n 1969, and i n 1975 became the Director o f the
Electronics D i v i s i o n o f the Technical Research Centre o f Finland. I n 1978,
C i t a t i o n commissioned Dr. Otala t o d i r e c t t h e i r research group i n t h e i r
search f o r the u l t i m a t e a m p l i f i e r — a three year, m u l t i - m i l l i o n dollarundertaking .
We, a t C i t a t i o n , owe a g r e a t deal t o Dr. Otala's philosophies because they
have solved many i n t r i c a t e design problems encountered i n our quest f o r the
ultimate a m p l i f i e r . Dr. Otala brought t o us h i s s i x precepts f o r achieveing
the goal o f the u l t i m a t e a m p l i f i e r :
1.
Previous a m p l i f i e r s were substandard.
2.
No problem i s incurable.
3.
Audio i s not a fashion.
4.
The simpler the s o l u t i o n t o a problem, the b e t t e r .
5.
The dynamic (music) state's importance over the steady
( t e s t tone) s t a t e .
6.
Evaluate r e s u l t s w i t h human ears, not j u s t t e s t
equipment.
The i n t e n s i t y o f these thoughts require some f u r t h e r examination and explan­
a t i o n , since t h e i r impact i s the actual basis o f the technology used t o
create the desired r e s u l t . F i r s t , Dr. Otala s t r o n g l y believes t h a t the
degree o f " p e r f e c t i o n " found i n previous a m p l i f i e r s was substandard, meaning
t h a t there was a vast area f o r audible improvements upon which he and h i s
group o f experts could concentrate. The Second philosophy was t h a t no problem
was insurmountable. When a question arose, the answer was t o thoroughly
research and understand the area being i n v e s t i g a t e d , accept what i s f a c t ,
and determine reasonable t h e o r e t i c a l , experimental and measurement techniques
accordingly. So, when e x i s t i n g techniques could not provide the s o l u t i o n ,
the recourse was t o develop new t e s t methods. The f i n a l r e s u l t i s new tech­
nology f o r which several U.S. patents are new pending.
The Third and Fourth philosophies o f Dr. Otala d e a l t w i t h p r i n c i p l e s of
c i r c u i t design. He i s a f i r m b e l i e v e r t h a t audio should not be s t y l e or
fashion oriented t o s u i t a marketing whim, but should be designed only f o r
the u l t i m a t e i n sound q u a l i t y . By u t i l i z i n g the concept t h a t "The simpler
the s o l u t i o n t o a problem, the b e t t e r " , he f e l t t h a t c i r c u i t complication was
l i k e a b e a u t i f u l woman using heavy makeup; i t would obscure her n a t u r a l
beauty. This uncluttered t h i n k i n g l e d t o c l e a r - c u t c i r c u i t l a y o u t s , keeping
i n mind only the sonic p r o p e r t i e s .
But i t was h i s F i f t h philosphy which l e d t o many of the discoveries and
innovations incorporated i n the f i n a l - design. This was h i s concept o f
dynamic design and measurement versus the steady s t a t e . Dr. Otala determined
t h a t an a m p l i f i e r ' s performance w h i l e handling music (dynamic state) d i f f e r s
d r a s t i c a l l y from i t s performance w h i l e u t i l i z i n g sine wave t e s t tones (steady
s t a t e ) . The dynamic s t a t e i s e s p e c i a l l y d i f f i c u l t t o design f o r , because
most standard and commonly understood t e s t methods are of a steady state
nature. Therefore, complex e v a l u a t i o n techniques and performance c r i t e r i a
were f i r s t created i n order t o t e s t the dynamic (music) s t a t e of a given
c i r c u i t design. Dr. Otala's design, t o achieve h i s u l t i m a t e g o a l , had t o
perform e x c e p t i o n a l l y w e l l i n the dynamic s t a t e .
F i n a l l y , the strongest o f Dr. Otala's b e l i e f s i s t h a t the educated l i s t e n e r
i s the supreme and f i n a l judge o f sound q u a l i t y , regardless of c l i n i c a l
e l e c t r o n i c measurement. This philosophy was many times the force behind new
achievements and innovations t h a t are incorporated i n the C i t a t i o n XX, the
ultimate amplifier.
Four Design Parameters That Make The Difference
1.
High Current C a p a b i l i t y
(HCC)
The concept of the dynamic state plays an important r o l e i n the des­
ign of an a m p l i f i e r ' s power c a p a b i l i t y . When an a m p l i f i e r ' s pewer
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s are measured by conventional t e s t s i g n a l s (steady
s t a t e ) , i t means o n l y h a l f the s t o r y i s t o l d . The Standard technique
f o r measuring power output u t i l i z e s a s t a t i c 8 ohm r e s i s t o r t o
simulate a speaker system. But speaker impedances a c t u a l l y v a r y
g r e a t l y according t o the content of the input s i g n a l . The impedance
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f a loudspeaker i s measured by feeding i t a sine wave
t e s t tone t h a t slowly changes i n frequency. From t h i s raw data, a
"nominal" value i s determined. This nominal value i s the s p e c i f i e d ;
or rated impedance.
But, under dynamic c o n d i t i o n s , the nominal steady state impedance
r a t i n g has l i t t l e relevance. The speaker system may r e q u i r e a huge
amount of power f o r a very short period o f time, such as a few t e n thousandths o f a second. During t h i s short p e r i o d , the speaker system
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may r e q u i r e the same amount o f c u r r e n t as a 1-2 ohm r e s i s t o r . I t i s
c r i t i c a l t h a t an a m p l i f i e r provide the c u r r e n t required t o g i v e loud­
speakers accurate dynamic range and t r a n s i e n t response. This i s why
C i t a t i o n XX i s designed w i t h 200 amperes of instantaneous current cap­
a b i l i t y , enabling the a m p l i f i e r t o react t o constant impedance
v a r i a t i o n s caused by the dynamic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the music s i g n a l .
C i t a t i o n d e l i v e r s 14,000 watts per channel i n t o a .35 ohm load under
t r a n s i e n t c o n d i t i o n s . This dynamic pcwer output i s exclusive t o
C i t a t i o n XX!!
HCC enables the a m p l i f i e r t o a c c u r a t e l y c o n t r o l speaker
cone movement by d e l i v e r i n g the energy necessary t o force the speaker
cone t o p r e c i s e l y react t o t r a n s i e n t s . This performance has s i g n i f i ­
cant importance i n high f i d e l i t y r e p r o d u c t i o n .
2.
Phase Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n
(PIM)
Phase intermodulation d i s t o r t i o n can be an unwanted by-product o f
negative feedback. Negative feedback, which i s used i n every
a m p l i f i e r , routes p a r t o f the output s i g n a l back t o the i n p u t , 180
degrees out-of-phase w i t h the o r i g i n a l s i g n a l . The combination of
these two s i g n a l s , out-of-phase w i t h each o t h e r , creates an e r r o r c o r r e c t i o n s i g n a l t h a t g r e a t l y reduces the steady s t a t e harmonic
d i s t o r t i o n inherent i n the a m p l i f i e r . However, a high amount o f
negative feedback creates a high (and very audible) amount of Phase
Intermodulation d i s t o r t i o n (PIM) i n place o f the harmonic d i s t o r t i o n
i t e l i m i n a t e s . This was proven by Dr. Otala and presented t o the
Audio Engineering Society i n 1980 a t a convention i n Hamburg.
Since negative feedback merely transforms one type of d i s t o r t i o n t o
another, the C i t a t i o n XX i s designed t o have minimal inherent
d i s t o r t i o n . The r e s u l t i s very low PIM and THD.
3.
I n t e r f a c e Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n (IIM)
I n t e r f a c e Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n , or IIM i n abbreviated
form, occurs i n the speaker/amplifier i n t e r f a c e . The moving cone
and c o i l s t r u c t u r e i n the speaker generates i t s own voltage which
returns t o the output stage of the a m p l i f i e r . This voltage i s c a l l e d
the Back Electromotive Force (Back EMF).
Once t h i s voltage passes the
output stage, i t t r a v e l s through the negative feedback c i r c u i t and
returns t o the input stage where i t combines w i t h the input s i g n a l .
This mixing of the l e g i t i m a t e musical i n p u t s i g n a l and the Back EMF
speaker generated s i g n a l r e s u l t s i n increased dynamic d i s t o r t i o n .
This creates excessive IIM which r e s u l t s i n an obscured lower
mid-range, which makes the sound appear vague and lacking i n d e f i n i ­
t i o n . The minimization of IIM i n C i t a t i o n i s c a r r i e d out by reducing
the negative feedback, and by decreasing the i n t e r n a l resistance of
the output stage. The r e s u l t i s t h a t C i t a t i o n XX has c l e a r mid and
low frequency reproduction, which i s pure and w e l l balanced.
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4.
Transient Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n
(TIM)
Transient Intermodulation D i s t o r t i o n or TIM, as i t i s r e f e r r e d t o ,
occurs when f a s t t r a n s i e n t s — such as i n dynamic music passages —
pass through an a m p l i f i c a t i o n stage p r i o r t o the r e t u r n of the output
s i g n a l v i a the negative feedback. These t r a n s i e n t s then overload the
f i r s t stage s u f f i c i e n t l y t o cause i n t e r n a l c l i p p i n g - hence, TIM.
The C i t a t i o n XX counters the negative aspects of TIM w i t h three
special design parameters:
A.
The C i t a t i o n XX u t i l i z e s a super-low d i s t o r t i o n d r i v e r stage
which e x h i b i t s l o c a l i z e d feedback (feedback w i t h i n each
stage versus feedback around the e n t i r e c i r c u i t ) .
B.
The i n t r o d u c t i o n o f t r a n s i s t o r s w i t h extremely quick response
speed, e x c e l l e n t l i n e a r i t y , and a l a r g e , safe operating area.
C.
The i n c o r p o r a t i o n of a dual power supply system w i t h high and
low voltage sources. The high voltage source, dedicated t o
the d r i v e r , has the a b i l i t y t o supply the proper voltage
under any c o n d i t i o n .
C o n t r o l l i n g negative feedback and u t i l i z a t i o n of c i r c u i t r y not depen­
dent on negative feedback enables the C i t a t i o n XX t o v i r t u a l l y
eliminate TIM.
I t i s the combination of these four c r i t i c a l engineering achievements,
combined w i t h new production technology, t h a t sets the C i t a t i o n XX t o t a l l y i n
a class of i t s own - The Ultimate A m p l i f i e r .
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Uncompromising New
1.
C i r c u i t Technology
Custom Engineered Hybrid C i r c u i t r y (U.S.
patent pending)
The heart of the C i t a t i o n XX i s a t h i c k f i l m hybrid c i r c u i t s p e c i f i c ­
a l l y developed by the Technical Research Centre of Finland. The t h i c k
f i l m hybrid consists of t r a n s i s t o r s and t h i c k f i l m r e s i s t o r s whose
e l e c t r o n i c values are measured by a h i g h l y sophisticated computer.
Special t e s t signals are fed i n t o the hybrid c i r c u i t and as the com­
puter measures the d i s t o r t i o n produced, a laser beam i s shot i n t o the
hybrid c i r c u i t r y trimming the values o f the components. This makes
the components accurate w i t h i n less than .03%.
Due to the
e x c e p t i o n a l l y high accuracy of the components w i t h i n the hybrid c i r ­
c u i t , audible d i s t o r t i o n s are reduced to v i r t u a l l y nothing.
2.
Dual Independent Power Transformers
The massive power supply section i s comprised of dual t o r o i d a l t r a n s ­
formers w i t h a t o t a l e l e c t r o l y t i c capacitance of 80,0000 microfarads.
This power supply design i s capable o f d e l i v e r i n g the current neces­
sary to meet the 200 ampere HCC requirements of the new c i r c u i t r y ,
y i e l d i n g the u l t i m a t e i n dynamic range, t r a n s i e n t response and sound
quality.
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3.
24-Karat Gold-Plated Transmission Line
Conventional large diameter w i r i n g inductance g r e a t l y r e s t r i c t s the
flow of high frequency current from the power supply t o the output
t r a n s i s t o r s . To overcome t h i s l i m i t a t i o n , a transmission l i n e
consisting of three t h i c k copper plates was designed, which provides a
low impedance path f o r the p o s i t i v e and negative power supplies, and
ground. Each p l a t e i s 24-Karat gold-plated which f u r t h e r enhances
high frequency c o n d u c t i v i t y .
4.
Self-COrrecting C i r c u i t r y
Each a m p l i f i c a t i o n stage has been designed t o have s e l f - c o r r e c t i n g
a b i l i t y w i t h regard t o temperature matching, keeping thermal induced
d i s t o r t i o n t o a minimum.
5.
Protection C i r c u i t r y (U.S. patent pending)
The C i t a t i o n XX has a completely e l e c t r o n i c p r o t e c t i o n c i r c u i t which
operates w i t h o u t compromising sonic q u a l i t y . The p r o t e c t i o n c i r c u i t r y
i s capable of u l t r a - h i g h speed c u t - o f f i n a l l c i r c u i t s , insuring
safety i n the event of shorted speakers or speaker cables.
6.
Custom Designed Heat Sinks
To complement each power t r a n s i s t o r assembly, there i s a custom des­
igned heat s i n k . These special heat sinks have a contact w a l l t h i c k
enough t o absorb instantaneous heat generation, thus preventing
thermal d i s t o r t i o n .
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7.
Three-Position Bias Switch
N a t u r a l l y , the u l t i m a t e a m p l i f i e r must be i d e a l f o r a l l user s i t u a ­
t i o n s . Therefore, C i t a t i o n has incorporated a new operating f e a t u r e ,
a t h r e e - p o s i t i o n bias switch. This adjustment enables the user t o
choose the best biasing f o r the given a p p l i c a t i o n . The higher the
b i a s , the lower the d i s t o r t i o n o f the a m p l i f i e r ; however, there w i l l
also be g r e a t e r heat generated. With the t h r e e - p o s i t i o n switch, the
user can adjust the b i a s current according t o the power output l e v e l
required, and the ambient temperature of the room or the a m p l i f i e r
storage area, t o achieve adequate cooling and optimum acoustical
results.
With the C i t a t i o n XX there i s no predetermined compromise
i n sound q u l i t y . The user can opt f o r the f i n e s t sound reproduction.
8.
Ultrasonic F i l t e r
For improved l i n e a r i t y a t low output l e v e l s and reduced d i s t o r t i o n a t
greater output l e v e l s the C i t a t i o n XX has an extremely broad bandwidth
of 550kHz. As a r e s u l t , RF ( r a d i o frequency) signals from l o c a l
broadcasters have the p o s s i b l i t y o f being reproduced i n the a m p l i f i e r .
To prevent such i n t e r f e r e n c e , C i t a t i o n has incorporated a s o n i c a l l y
superior, phase-linear Bessel f i l t e r w i t h a c u t o f f frequency of
400kHz, e l i m i n a t i n g RF from the i n p u t .
There i s a f r o n t panel
warning l i g h t t o i n d i c a t e the presence of RF below 400kHz. This
a l e r t s the user t o a c t i v a t e the Ultrasonic F i l t e r Switch on the f r o n t
panel, which reduces the c u t o f f frequency t o 100kHz. The extreme wide
bandwidth o f the C i t a t i o n XX a l s o allows the Ultrasonic warning l i g h t
to f u n c t i o n as a c l i p p i n g i n d i c a t o r , t o warn the user t o reduce the
output l e v e l o f the p r e a m p l i f i e r .
Infrasonic F i l t e r
9.
As a preventative measure against speaker damage, the C i t a t i o n XX has
a DC component f i l t e r , which i s designed t o be i n i t i a t e d by the user
— a l e r t e d by a f r o n t panel warning i n d i c a t o r .
The supreme technology and c i r c u i t design, coupled w i t h State-of-the-Art
e l e c t r o n i c components, has been culminated i n the C i t a t i o n XX, the ultimate
a m p l i f i e r , by Dr. M a t t i Otala.
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Citation
DIGITAL COMPUTERS TEST CITATION XX CIRCUITS.
DISTORTION FREE.(U.S. PATENT PENDING.)
LASER BEAMS MAKE THEM
The a c c u r a c y and p r e c i s e m a t c h i n g o f a l l t h e e l e c t r o n i c components
i n a n a m p l i f i e r ' s m u s i c s i g n a l p a t h i s e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t , because
t h e l e s s a c c u r a t e t h e v a l u e s o f t h e components a r e , t h e more
d i s t o r t i o n increases. Although q u a l i t y r e s i s t o r s w i t h . 1 % accuracy
and c a p a c i t o r s w i t h 2% a c c u r a c y a r e a v a i l a b l e , t h e a c t u a l component
v a l u e s r e q u i r e d t o a c h i e v e minimum d i s t o r t i o n m u s t be much more
accurate.
A l s o , each u n i t r e q u i r e s d i f f e r e n t v a l u e s o f r e s i s t o r s
i n c r i t i c a l p o i n t s i n t h e c i r c u i t r y , due t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n
the t r a n s i s t o r s used.
The
u n i q u e way CITATION a c h i e v e s t h i s
i s as f o l l o w s :
(A)
CITATION'S c i r c u i t
which i s programed
boards a r e connected t o a d i g i t a l computer
t o measure s p e c i f i c t y p e s o f d i s t o r t i o n .
(B)
Special test
board.
(C)
W h i l e t e s t s i g n a l s a r e f e d i n t o CITATION'S c i r c u i t r y
d i g i t a l computer i s measuring t h e d i s t o r t i o n
(D)
L a s e r beams a r e s h o t i n t o CITATION'S c i r c u i t r y , t r i m m i n g t h e
v a l u e s o f t h e c o m p o n e n t s u n t i l d i s t o r t i o n has been m i n i m i z e d .
CITATION'S c o m p o n e n t s have now become a c c u r a t e t o w i t h i n
.03%!
(E)
CITATION'S l a s e r beam-trimmed c i r c u i t r y i s c u s t o m
manufactured i n F i n l a n d .
A U.S. p a t e n t i s p e n d i n g o n t h e
unique t e c h n o l o g y .
s i g n a l s a r e t h e n f e d i n t o CITATION'S
circuit
and t h e
CITATION i s so s p e c i a l i n i m p o r t a n t d e s i g n a r e a s , t h e r e a r e t w o
o t h e r U.S. p a t e n t s p e n d i n g :
One i s f o r CITATION'S s p e c i a l c i r c u i t
d e s i g n , and t h e o t h e r i s f o r CITATION'S a n a l o g c o m p u t e r p r o t e c t i o n
circuitryB o t h o f t h e s e e x c e p t i o n a l f e a t u r e s c r e a t e s u p e r b sound
q u a l i t y and r e l i a b i l i t y .
I n a d d i t i o n t o CITATION'S h i g h - a c c u r a c y l a s e r beam-trimmed
c o m p o n e n t s , t h e s p e c i a l m a t e r i a l used i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e
a m p l i f i e r ' s c i r c u i t boards f u r t h e r improves performance:
Citation
(2)
(A)
N o r m a l l y , t h e c i r c u i t b o a r d s i n an a m p l i f i e r ' s a u d i o s i g n a l
p a t h a r e made e i t h e r o f p h e n o l i c o r f i b e r g l a s s m a t e r i a l .
When t h e a m p l i f i e r h e a t s up, i t c a u s e s t h e s e c i r c u i t b o a r d s
t o expand and " f l e x " w h i c h d e g r a d e s t h e m e c h a n i c a l
integrity
and c a n i n c r e a s e d i s t o r t i o n
(B)
CITATION'S h y b r i d c i r c u i t b o a r d s a r e made o f g r o u n d s a p h i r e ,
w h i c h l i k e d i a m o n d , i s e x t r e m e l y r i g i d , and does n o t expand
o r f l e x when h e a t e d .
T h i s e l i m i n a t e s m e c h a n i c a l s t r e s s on
the c i r c u i t r y which ensures l o n g - t e r m r e l i a b i l i t y .
(C)
The m e t a l - f i l m r e s i s t o r s i n CITATION'S c i r c u i t r y a r e made o f
s i l v e r p a l l a d i u m , a r a r e e a r t h m e t a l which never c o r r o d e s
thereby keeping r e s i s t o r values p e r f e c t f o r e v e r .
# # #
Citation
IN CRITICAL AREAS, CITATION XX I S CONSTRUCTED OF GOLD-PLATED OXYGEN
FREE COPPER TO PROVIDE EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND R E L I A B I L I T Y .
Listed
below are
t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f CITATION'S
construction:
A)
The power s u p p l y c u r r e n t t h a t i s f e d t o t h e power t r a n s i s t o r s i n
other a m p l i f i e r s t r a v e l s through w i r e . Wire creates " c o l l e c t o r
lead inductance" which degrades the s t a b i l i t y o f a m p l i f i e r s ,
n a r r o w s t h e i r f r e q u e n c y r e s p o n s e , and s l o w s down t h e i r a b i l i t y t o
p r o d u c e h i g h power v e r y q u i c k l y -- w h i c h m u s i c o f t e n demands.
The m u s i c s i g n a l f e d t o CITATION'S power t r a n s i s t o r s t r a v e l s
through t h i c k , g o l d - p l a t e d copper s t r i p s which e l i m i n a t e s t h e
" c o l l e c t o r lead inductance" problems t h a t w i r e causes.
B)
Power t r a n s i s t o r s a r e n o r m a l l y i n s u l a t e d f r o m an a m p l i f i e r s
heat s i n k s by m i c a - a b s e s t o s .
This i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l v a r i e s
i n t h i c k n e s s , c a u s i n g each power t r a n s i s t o r t o d i s s i p a t e d i f ­
f e r e n t amounts o f h e a t , c r e a t i n g c r o s s o v e r and t h e r m a l d i s t o r ­
tions.
I n CITATION, t h e power t r a n s i s t o r s c o n t a c t t h e g o l d
p l a t e d copper s t r i p s d i r e c t l y , e l i m i n a t i n g the d i s t o r t i o n s t h a t
m i c a - a s b e s t o s c a u s e s i n power t r a n s i s t o r s .
C)
The g r o u n d i n g s i g n a l p a t h o f a m p l i f i e r s i s a l s o v e r y c r i t i c a l .
In c o n v e n t i o n a l a m p l i f i e r s t h e whole c h a s s i s ( c h a s s i s , b r a c k e t s
f r o n t panel, r e a r p a n e l , p l a t e d sheet metal screws, e t c . ) i s
t h e g r o u n d i n g s i g n a l p a t h , c r e a t i n g e x c e s s i v e r e s i s t a n c e and
i n d u c t a n c e w h i c h l i m i t s power o u t p u t and r e d u c e s c l a r i t y i n
t h e t r e b l e r e g i o n . CITATION'S g r o u n d i n g s i g n a l p a t h i s d i r e c t l y
at the g o l d - p l a t e d copper s t r i p area, r a t h e r than t h r o u g h o u t
t h e e n t i r e c h a s s i s , w h i c h a u d i b l y i m p r o v e s a c c u r a t e power
output i n the t r e b l e r e g i o n .
D)
CITATION XX has t w o s e p a r a t e power s u p p l i e s ( f o r l e f t and r i g h t
channels).
Here a g a i n , t h e use o f w i r e has been e l i m i n a t e d
b e c a u s e o f t h e r e s i s t a n c e and i n d u c t a n c e p r o b l e m s t h a t w i r e s
c a u s e i n h i g h power a m p l i f i e r s .
Each o f CITATION'S power
s u p p l i e s a r e connected t o the c i r c u i t r y v i a t h i c k , g o l d - p l a t e d
copper, which c o m p l e t e l y overcomes " w i r e problems" t h a t o c c u r
i n o t h e r power s u p p l i e s .
Citation
DIVISION OF HARMAN KARDON INCORPORATED
240 CROSSWAYS PARK WEST, WOODBURY, NEW YORK 11797, 516-496-3400, TELEX: 22 99 11 HARMN UR
E)
To a c c u r a t e l y d e l i v e r a l l o f i t s v e r y h i g h power t o l o u d s p e a k e r s
(which a l l s o p h i s t i c a t e d s p e a k e r s demand, e s p e c i a l l y when p l a y e d
a t h i g h volume), CITATION s p e a k e r t e r m i n a l s a r e c o n s t r u c t e d o f
l a r g e d i a m e t e r , g o l d - p l a t e d copper b a r s .
Conventional speaker
t e r m i n a l s a r e t y p i c a l l y e i t h e r too s m a l l o r a r e made o f t h i n
m e t a l ( s u c h a s banana j a c k s ) , n e i t h e r o f w h i c h c o u l d a c c u r a t e l y
send CITATION'S power t o l o u d s p e a k e r s .
F)
C o n v e n t i o n a l p r o t e c t i o n c i r c u i t s have m e t a l r e l a y s w i t c h e s i n
the m u s i c s i g n a l p a t h w h i c h t y p i c a l l y degrade sound q u a l i t y ,
CITATION h a s an " O p t o - c o u p l e r " w h i c h o p t i c a l l y m o n i t o r s t h e
music s i g n a l path, thus e l i m i n a t i n g the degradation of music
that ordinary r e l a y s normally cause.
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CitationXX
SPECIFICATIONS
Open-loop (no feedback) Bandwidth:
FTC Power Disclosure:
250 Watts RMS per channel from 10Hz-100kHz,
into 8 Ohms, with no more than 0.1% THD
440 Watts RMS per channel from 1 0 H z - 100kHz,
into 4 Ohms, with no more than 0.1% THD
Frequency Response:
Rise Time: 1.6
volts/microsecond
Signal-to-noise Ratio
(REF. rated Power):
i04dB
Height
7%" (19.4cm)
Width
19" (48.3cm)
Depth
2 1 % " (55.5cm)
EIA Standard 7"x19"Rack Mount
microsecond
Square Wave Tilt (20Hz):
Input Sensitivity/impedance: w/ iskOhms
Dimensions:
D C t o 2 2 0 k H z + 0 , -3dB
Slew Rate: 200
DC to 110kHz + 0 , -3dB
immeasurable
All specifications and features subject to change without notice.
Weight
92.4 lbs. (42kg)
Citation, 240 Crossways Park West, Woodbury, New York 11797