Game Programming - Sun

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Game Programming
Drawing in Direct3D
April 07, 2005
Sun-Jeong Kim
http://www.hallym.ac.kr/~sunkim/teach/2005/gp1
Graphics Lab @ Korea University
Global Variables
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Setup ( )
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Vertex / Index Buffers

A chunk of contiguous memory that contains
vertex data / index data
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexBuffer
IDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexBuffer ((
UINT
UINT Length,
Length,
DWORD
DWORD Usage,
Usage,
DWORD
FVF,
DWORD FVF,
D3DPOOL
D3DPOOL Pool,
Pool,
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9**
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9** ppVertexBuffer,
ppVertexBuffer,
HANDLE*
pSharedHandle
HANDLE* pSharedHandle
);
);
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::CreateIndexBuffer
IDirect3DDevice9::CreateIndexBuffer ((
UINT
UINT Length,
Length,
DWORD
DWORD Usage,
Usage,
D3DFORMAT
D3DFORMAT Format,
Format,
D3DPOOL
D3DPOOL Pool,
Pool,
IDirect3DIndexBuffer9**
IDirect3DIndexBuffer9** ppIndexBuffer,
ppIndexBuffer,
HANDLE*
HANDLE* pSharedHandle
pSharedHandle
);
);
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Parameters for Creating
Buffers

Length – number of bytes
Usage – additional properties

D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC
D3DUSAGE_POINTS
D3DUSAGE_SOFTWAREPROCESSING
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY

FVF – flexible vertex format
Pool – memory pool in which the buffer is placed
pShareHandle – Not used (set to zero)
Format – size of indices

D3DFMT_INDEX16
D3DFMT_INDEX32
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Memory
Display
Video
Memory

Memory pool

AGP
Memory
System
Memory
Read & Write
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT
D3DPOOL_MANAGED
D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM
D3DPOOL_SCRATCH
Static vs. Dynamic buffers
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Example of Creating Buffers

Static vertex buffer for eight vertices
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* vb;
_device->CreateVertexBuffer (
8 * sizeof( Vertex ),
0,
D3DFVF_XYZ,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&vb,
0);

Dynamic index buffer for 36 16-bit indices
IDirect3DIndexBuffer9* ib;
_device->CreateIndexBuffer (
36 * sizeof( WORD ),
D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC | D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
D3DFMT_INDEX16,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&ib,
0);
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Accessing a Buffer’s Memory

Lock / Unlock method

obtain a pointer to the internal memory contents
(Figure 3.1)
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DVertexBuffer9::Lock
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9::Lock ((
UINT
UINT OffsetToLock,
OffsetToLock,
UINT
UINT SizeToLock,
SizeToLock,
BYTE**
BYTE** ppbData,
ppbData,
DWORD
DWORD Flags
Flags
);
);
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DIndexBuffer9::Lock
IDirect3DIndexBuffer9::Lock ((
UINT
UINT OffsetToLock,
OffsetToLock,
UINT
SizeToLock,
UINT SizeToLock,
BYTE**
BYTE** ppbData,
ppbData,
DWORD
DWORD Flags
Flags
);
);
※ Specifying zero for OffsetToLock and SizeToLock parameters
Æ Shortcut to lock the entire buffer
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Parameters for Accessing
Buffers

OffsetToLock – offset from the start of the buffer
SizeToLock – number of bytes to lock
ppbData – pointer to the start of the locked memory
Flags

D3DLOCK_DISCARD
D3DLOCK_NOOVERWRITE
D3DLOCK_READONLY

Example:
Vertex* vertices;
_vb->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertices, 0);
vertices[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);
vertices[1] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
vertices[2] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);
_vb->Unlock();
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Filling the Vertex Buffer
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Filling the Index Buffer
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Setting the Rendering States
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Render States

How geometry is rendered

change them if your application requires something
other than the defaults
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::SetRenderState
IDirect3DDevice9::SetRenderState ((
D3DRENDERSTATETYPE
D3DRENDERSTATETYPE State,
State,
DWORD
DWORD Value
Value
);
);

Example
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
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MSDN
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Cleanup ( )
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EnterMsgLoop ( )
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WndProc ( )
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Display ( )
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Drawing Preparations
Set
Setthe
thestream
streamsource
source
Set
Setthe
thevertex
vertexformat
format
Set
Setthe
theindex
indexbuffer
buffer
_device->SetStreamSource (
0,
vb,
0,
sizeof(Vertex) );
_device->SetFVF (
D3DFVF_XYZ |
D3DFVF_DIFFUSE |
D3DFVF_TEX1 );
_device->SetIndices ( ib );
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource
IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource ((
UINT
UINT StreamNumber,
StreamNumber,
IDirect3dVertexBuffer9*
IDirect3dVertexBuffer9* pStreamData,
pStreamData,
UINT
UINT OffsetInBytes,
OffsetInBytes,
UINT
UINT Stride
Stride
);
);
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Drawing with Vertex / Index
Buffers

IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive
IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive ((
D3DPRIMITIVETYPE
D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType,
PrimitiveType,
UINT
StartVertex,
UINT StartVertex,
UINT
UINT PrimitiveCount
PrimitiveCount
);
);

IDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitive
HRESULT
HRESULT IDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitive
IDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitive ((
D3DPRIMITIVETYPE
D3DPRIMITIVETYPE Type,
Type,
INT
INT BaseVertexIndex,
BaseVertexIndex,
UINT
UINT MinIndex,
MinIndex,
UINT
NumVertices
UINT NumVertices
UINT
UINT StartVertex,
StartVertex,
UINT
UINT PrimitiveCount
PrimitiveCount
);
);

Begin / End Scene
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_device->BeginSecne();
_device->DrawPrimitive(...);
_device->EndScene();
Draw the Scene
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MSDN
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Sample: Triangle
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Setup ( )
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Display ( )
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Sample: Teapot
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Setup ( )
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Display ( )
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D3DX Geometric Objects

Some method to generate the mesh data of
simple 3D objects (Figure 3.3)

D3DXCreateBox
D3DXCreateSphere
D3DXCreateCylinder
D3DXCreateTeapot
D3DXCreatePolygon
D3DXCreateTorus
ID3DXMesh *mesh = 0;
D3DXCreateTeapot( _device, &mesh, 0 );
_device->BeginSecne();
mesh->DrawSubset(0);
_device->EndScene();
mesh->Release();
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Sample: D3DXCreate
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Global Variables
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Creating the Objects
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World Transformation
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Animating the Camera
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Draw the Scene
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Exercise

Change the program “D3DXCreate”

to rotate each object on the own local y-axis
to control animating the camera with arrow keys
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Game Programming - Sun

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