A Solar Grand Plan for Chile - Center for Life Cycle Analysis (CLCA

A Solar Grand Plan for Chile - Center for Life Cycle Analysis (CLCA

Prospects for Photovoltaics in Sunny and Arid
Regions: A Solar Grand Plan for Chile
Part I –Investigation of PV and Wind Penetration
Vasilis Fthenakis1,2, Adam A. Atia1, Marc Perez1, Alejandro
Florenzano3, Mario Grageda4,5, Marco Lofat3, Svetlana Ushak
4,5 and Rodrigo Palma5
1Columbia
University, 2Brookhaven National Laboratory,
3Fundación Chile, 4University of Antofagasta, 5Solar Energy Research Center (SERC-Chile)
Chile: The Atacama Solar Resource
Capacity: 4.6 GW
Load:
15.4 TWh
Capacity: 14.1 GW
Load:
47.8 TWh
Station
1-Axis Tracking,
0o Tilt
(kWh/ m2/yr)
1-Axis
Tracking,20o
Tilt
(kWh/ m2/yr)
3055
3705
3866
3161
3905
4062
Horizontal
Latitude Tilt
(kWh/m2/yr)
(kWh/ m2/yr)
Crucero (1yr)
2522
Carrera
(10-yr)
2535
50 MW
99 MW
Chile 2010 Electricity Consumption
• 17 million people
•
•GDP
per capita $16,000
•
•LCOE
3-56 ¢/kWh
Source: www.pv-insider.com/chile
Source: Bloomberg 2011
SING Typical Daily Load
MWh
MWh
3000
6000
2000
4000
1000
2000
0
1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
SIC Typical Daily Load
0
1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
PV Site Suitability Study
Land cover
Degree of slope
Solar irradiation
Cost to upgrade
transmission
Twenty-five LANDSAT 7 images from December-March of 2010-2013 from the Peruvian border
through the Santiago Metropolitan Region were mosaicked together in ArcMap
PV Site Suitability Study
Best regions for deploying PV
based on a Combination of Land
Cover & Tilt, Insolation, Proximity
to Roads & Substations
Solar Irradiation & Wind Speed Data
Hourly Wind (ASOS)
data, from Iowa State
University web-site for:
(SING)
• Arica,
• Iquique,
• Calama,
• Antofagasta
• Desierto
Hourly Horizontal Global Solar
irradiation data were accessed
from Chile’s Solar Explorer portal
for two substations:
• Crucero (SING)
• Carrera (SIC)
(SIC)
•
•
•
Viña del Mar
Concepción
Futaleufú (SIC)
Global Horizontal Irradiation (W/m2)
(W/m2)
and Latitude Tilt Global Irradiation (W/m2)
(W/m2)
and 1-axis Tracking axis Global Irradiation (W/m2)
(W/m2)
One-axis systems were modeled after First Solar’s 5 kW tracker with rotational limits of ± 45 degrees
and 1-axis Tracking axis at 20 degrees Global
Irradiation (W/m2)
(W/m2)
Best configuration is to
have the rotational axis
tilted towards the north
while the tracker rotates
east to west
Station
Horizontal
(kWh/m2/yr)
Latitude
Tilt
(kWh/
m2/yr)
3055
1-Axis
Tracking, 0o
Tilt
(kWh/
m2/yr)
3705
1-Axis
Tracking,2
0o Tilt
(kWh/
m2/yr)
3866
Crucero
(1-yr)
Carrera
(10-yr)
2522
2535
3161
3905
4062
One-axis systems were modeled after First Solar’s 5 kW tracker with rotational limits of
±45 degrees
Capacity and Grid Penetration
PV and Wind Separately at SING
MWh Daily Load
3000
2000
1000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Photovoltaics
5% Curtailment
15% Curtailment
5% Curtailment
Wind
15% Curtailment
Capacity and Grid Penetration
PV and Wind Together at SING
MWh
3000
2000
1000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
5% Curtailment
15% Curtailment
Capacity and Grid Penetration
PV and Wind Separately at SIC
Wind
Photovoltaics
5% Curtailment
15% Curtailment
Daily Load
5% Curtailment
15% Curtailment
Capacity and Grid Penetration
PV and Wind Together at SIC
5% Curtailment
15% Curtailment
Renewable Energy Status and Potential
The first
interconnection
between SIC and
SING is planned
for 2017
Installed capacity of renewable
energies 1236 [MW]
Potential of renewable
energies between 212,000 MW
and 291,000 MW
170
200,000
3,000-16,000
302
5,000-40,000
442
2,000-14,000
323
2,000-21,000
SERC-Chile Initiatives on the Integration of Renewables
Applications
AGC / SG
SCADA
Director Rodrigo Palma
• Universidad de Chile
• Universidad de Tarapacá
• Universidad de Antofagasta
• Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
• Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
• Universidad de Concepción
• Fundación Chile
45 faculty researchers, 6 postdoc, 30 graduate, 30 undergraduate
Conclusion -Southamerican 2033 Vision
200 GW ~ 4,800 km2
2 X (49x49 km2)
or
12 X (20x20 km2)
email: [email protected]
Typical hourly wind turbine outputs at SING
18
Typical hourly wind turbine outputs at SIC
19