Technician Manual - Louisiana Occupational Therapy Association

Technician Manual
AAA, AARP, and the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) have developed and
implemented a turnkey educational program (“CarFit”) that offers older drivers the opportunity to check
out how well their cars “fit” them and to become aware of community-specific resources and activities that
could make the fit better. The program enables trained CarFit technicians under the supervision of CarFit
Event Coordinators, and working with occupational therapists or qualified driver rehabilitation specialists,
to observe the older adult driver in their vehicle and to use the opportunity to open a conversation and
provide some collateral materials for follow-up action. CarFit is designed to operate successfully in a
variety of community-based settings such as senior centers and in conjunction with existing communitybased programs, such as safe driver programs run by AAA and AARP.
Record of My Technician Training
Name:
___________________________________________________________
Address:
___________________________________________________________
(Address used for CarFit website registration)
E-Mail:
___________________________________________________________
(E-mail address used for CarFit website registration)
Location of Classroom/Outside Practice (Lab):
__________________________________________________________Date _______
Location of CarFit Training Event: _____________________________Date _______
Name of Event Coordinator/Instructor: ___________________________________
Location of Training: ________________________Date______
CarFit Instructor Email: ____________________________________________
Note: If you are seeking continuing education credit, record your hours of education
and retain your class schedule with this packet.
Note to Trainees
This manual and the accompanying PowerPoint presentation were prepared to train you to
participate in CarFit events as a Trained Technician. After working with this manual in the
classroom and practicing with the CarFit Checklist in the lab portion of the training, you will not
need to refer to the manual as you work with each driver.
You will not be deemed a Trained Technician until you successfully complete a CarFit
event.
A Trained Technicians is eligible to become a CarFit Event Coordinator by attending additional
training classes specifically for CarFit Event Coordinators.
Note to Trained Technicians
Thank you for taking the time to refresh your familiarity with the CarFit program.
Please note that the CarFit Checklist was extensively updated in 2012. Some activities have
been simplified and some checks are now performed in a different sequence than you might
remember.
Based on input from experts from the sponsoring organizations, Event Coordinators and
volunteers, this revised manual provides new safety pointers, ideas to communicate more
effectively with participants and suggestions to make CarFit events more valuable and
enjoyable.
Note to occupational therapists
The title occupational therapist is used throughout this manual. However, this role may be filled
by an occupational therapy assistant or occupational therapy student.
Driver rehabilitation specialists may also participate in CarFit events, working alone or alongside
occupational therapists.
CONTENTS
1.
Program Objectives
2.
Program Background
3.
CarFit Roles and Positions
4.
The CarFit Event
5.
Traffic Direction and Check-In Station Overview
6.
Checkup Station Overview
7.
Overview of the CarFit Checklist
Item 1:
Are you the only driver?
Item 2:
Safety belt (seat belt) use
Item 3:
Steering wheel tilt, position to airbag
Item 4:
Head restraint
Item 5:
Distance between chest and steering wheel
Item 6:
Line of sight above steering wheel
Item 7:
Positioning to gas pedal and brake pedal
Item 8:
Mirror adjustment
Item 9:
Neck mobility for visual blind spot check
Item 10:
Ignition key and system
Item 11:
Operation of vehicle controls
8.
Checkout Station Overview
Role of the occupational therapist
Item 12:
Vehicle walk-around
9.
Waiver of Liability Form
10.
Tire Information…Know the Facts!
11.
CarFit Technician Training PowerPoint
Section 1:
Program Objectives
The CarFit program was designed to:



Promote continued safe driving and mobility among older drivers by focusing attention
on the “fit” between driver and vehicle.
Create an open environment that encourages conversations about driving,
Provide information, education, and community-based resources to older drivers in a
non-threatening, quick and easily accessible manner.
Section 2:
Background
What is CarFit?
CarFit is a community-based educational program that gives older drivers the opportunity to
assess how they “fit” within their vehicle. CarFit provides non-judgmental safety information and
raises awareness of resources, such as adaptive devices, that can help drivers become more
comfortable and confident behind the wheel.
The primary purpose of CarFit is to educate drivers and share safety information. Occupational
therapists who participate in CarFit events suggest ideas to enhance each individual driver’s
safety based on the results of a CarFit Checklist. This 12-point guide is not a test! It is simply a
tool to guide a thorough review of important safety issues related to the fit between a driver and
a vehicle.
CarFit was created to empower drivers by providing suggestions, resources and options. It is
not a mandatory inspection or performance evaluation. No information is provided to law
enforcement or health care providers. No one leaves with a list of required actions.
Who runs CarFit?
The CarFit program was created by the American Society on Aging and developed in
collaboration with AAA (American Automobile Association), AARP and the American
Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA).
Across the country, CarFit events are led by volunteer Event Coordinators, who have
themselves completed Technician Training followed by additional training. Event Coordinators
deliver classroom instruction to technicians, oversee a required training lab and supervise
Trained Technicians working CarFit events.
Other countries as far away as Australia and New Zealand are beginning to use the CarFit
model to share important safety information with their drivers.
Why is CarFit important?
People over the age of 65 are the fastest growing population in the United States. By 2030,
there will be 58.9 million people age 65 and older— and many will still be driving
Personal mobility is critical to healthy aging. It allows people the opportunity to age in place –
growing older without having to leave their homes or communities. Losing the option to drive
has been shown to contribute to depression, social isolation and a decline in overall health.
Increasingly sophisticated safety features may require active adjustment to optimize the benefit
to drivers and passengers. This need for individualized adjustment to attain the safest fit
represents a change from the bench seats and fixed steering wheels of the past.
Unfortunately, age-related changes can make it uncomfortable and unsafe to drive. The
founding organizations, as well as various government agencies, professional associations and
private-sector organizations are taking steps to provide resources that improve knowledge,
safety and mobility for older drivers.
How can aging affect driving?
Age brings changes to vision, information processing (cognition), flexibility and the speed of
reflexes. As drivers age, they may need new strategies or adaptive tools to ensure their safety
and comfort.
As a CarFit volunteer, it is your responsibility to provide a fun, non-threatening, educational
experience that makes participants feel respected throughout the entire process.
The chart on the next page explains some common age-related changes that can affect driving.
If a participant needs help or you are uncomfortable speaking with a participant, involve your
Event Coordinator.
Age-Related Changes
Impact on Driving
How You Can Help
SIGHT
Decreased elasticity and
increased cloudiness of the
lens of the eye can increase
sensitivity to glare and the
need for illumination and
contrast and decrease
adaptability to changes in
light. It may also alter color
vision, such as the distinction
between blue and green.
Diminished light (or drastic
change from outdoor to indoor
lighting) may make it difficult
for older drivers to maneuver
in public parking garages or
find their cars.
Allow time for participants to
adapt to changes in lighting.
Remain friendly, courteous
and patient as their vision
adjusts.
COGNITION
With age, the speed with
which we process information
from multiple sources slows.
Older drivers may need more
time to filter out irrelevant
information. Focusing
attention on the most
important information may be
challenging.
Provide clear transitions. Offer
cues about what you will
discuss. Example: Now, let’s
take a look at the position of
your mirrors.”
HEARING
With age, we may lose
sensitivity to high-pitched
sounds, causing distortion to
what we hear.
Sounds most difficult to
distinguish are: s, t, th, ch, sh,
c and k
Stand slightly in front of the
driver’s door. Speak face-toface, clearly and slowly.
Lower your pitch.
Minimize background noise.
TOUCH/GRIP
Reduced circulation may
reduce sensation in hands
and feet. This lessens the
ability to feel hot, cold,
vibration and pressure.
An older driver may struggle
with gripping the steering
wheel or controls and fatigue
easily.
Encourage the driver to take a
break if they experience any
discomfort.
MOBILITY
As we age, muscles can
become smaller, joints wear
and the space between
vertebrae decreases.
Changes in our muscles,
bones and joints may change
our posture, height, gait and
flexibility.
It may take an older driver
longer to perform certain
tasks. Be patient. The CarFit
Checklist will help you guide
drivers in making adjustments
that make them safer and
more confident and
comfortable.
Adapted from: Understanding Mind and Body Changes, SeniorDriving.AAA.com
How is a CarFit checkup conducted?
The CarFit checklist is reviewed with a driver seated in their own vehicle. CarFit is designed with
the flexibility to operate in a variety of settings. For example, a CarFit event maybe offered by
senior centers or in conjunction with safe driver programs run by AAA and AARP.
At a CarFit event, occupational therapists and technicians trained by the CarFit program
volunteer to work side-by-side, reviewing a 12-point CarFit Checklist with drivers. Checkups
generally take 20 minutes.
At most CarFit events, participants move between a station staffed by a CarFit Technician and a
final checkout station staffed by an occupational therapist or driver rehabilitation specialist.
However, some events are staged so drivers park their cars in one spot and both the CarFit
Technician and occupational therapist or driver rehabilitation specialist come to them.
Sometimes, a CarFit program offers the option of one-on-one appointments with drivers. In
every case, a CarFit event is under the supervision of an Event Coordinator.
If concerns are identified, the occupational therapist suggests solutions and makes the driver
aware of community resources. Options might include the use of adaptive devices or
adjustments to seats or mirror positions.
CarFit events are publicized within communities and older drivers are invited to schedule a
review. The heart of the program is a Checkup followed by a Checkout.
During Checkup, a trained CarFit technician takes the participant through the CarFit Checklist,
noting observations and answers to standard questions. The technician notes any items of
concern and directs the driver to a Checkout Station.
During Checkout, an occupational therapist or driver rehabilitation specialist conducts a vehicle
walk-around with the driver. The driver has the opportunity to ask questions and learn about
available solutions, resources and individualized services. The specialist points out
opportunities to achieve a better fit and ensure the driver’s safety. Every participant is given the
top copy of their CarFit Checklist and information about other driver safety resources in their
community.
What is the setting?
CarFit events can take place in a variety of settings, such as parking lots at senior centers,
hospitals and AAA and AARP offices. A CarFit event can be customized to almost any location
where a parking lot can be safely blocked off for use.
Section 3:
CarFit Roles and Positions
There are many roles within CarFit:
Instructors: Have responsibility to communicate with national organization staff, issue invitations
to instructor candidates, and ensure that new Event Coordinator information is entered into the
CarFit database. Instructors receive specialized training and can teach Event Coordinators.
Only Instructors can teach Event Coordinators.
Event Coordinators: Event Coordinators hosts CarFit events, manage logistics, and provide
training to the volunteers and Technicians participating at the CarFit event. Event Coordinators
receive additional training and are able to train Technician.
Technicians: Technicians participate in and follow the direction of the Event Coordinator
overseeing the CarFit event. After completing today’s training and a CarFit event, you will be
trained as a Technician. Technicians work in teams and review the 12 point checklist with
participants. You must complete a CarFit event after training to become a Technician.
Occupational Therapists or Driver Rehabilitation Specialists: OT’s or DRS’s bring an
understanding of aging and medical conditions to the conversation. OT’s or DRS’s are also
Technicians, but their role at a CarFit event is to address any concerns that may have come up
during the checklist review and provide information and resources on issues related to driver
safety during the check-out station of the event.
Volunteers: Persons that are not trained to conduct a vehicle check using the 12 point checklist
may also participate in an event. Untrained Volunteers can assist with traffic direction and
Check-In.
Section 4:
The CarFit Event
Size of Event
CarFit events range in size, based on available sites, the number of trained volunteers and
occupational therapists available and the community response. A CarFit event may be geared
to any size – from just a few drivers using a few designated parking spaces to a community
event held at a large indoor or outdoor parking lot.
Site for Event
Typically, the CarFit event site is an easily accessible parking lot with at least one separate
entrance and exit. Paths to the entrances and exits should not cross. Ideally, this lot will have
shaded or covered areas and easy access to restrooms.
Some communities host CarFit events at indoor parking lots. This is a good alternative as long
as drivers and volunteers have adequate lighting to note the observations on the 12-point CarFit
Checklist, move safely between stations and complete the vehicle walk-around.
On the day of the event, volunteers will lay out a simple and intuitive flow of traffic and clearly
mark directions to allow drivers to enter and exit the parking lot safely. The traffic flow is usually
designed so drivers do not have to put their vehicles in reverse.
All technicians should be aware of the layout of the site and designated stopping places. Every
volunteer, regardless of their assignment, is expected to be constantly aware of the flow of
traffic throughout the event.
To ensure personal safety, all volunteers should step entirely away from the flow of traffic if they
must take phone calls. All other distractions should be avoided to ensure that volunteers
concentrate on vehicles as they move into and out of the site and between stations.
The number of lanes designated is based on the number of participants who schedule CarFit
appointments and the number of available volunteers.
Participants are routed to three major stations:
•
Check-In.
•
Checkup (led by CarFit Trained Technicians)
•
Checkout (led by the occupational therapist).
Materials for Event: Setting Up
CarFit Event Coordinators are trained to identify the Carfit planning team, secure the location,
schedule and train volunteers, arrange for materials, manage logistics and run the CarFit event.
Event Coordinators may arrange for the following items on-site for the safety and comfort of
both volunteers and the public:
•
•
•
•
•
Tents to provide shelter from sun and rain
Tables and chairs to provide areas from which to complete and distribute paperwork
Water and light snacks
Signs and traffic cones to direct traffic flow
Safety vests and chock blocks
Section 5:
Traffic Direction and Check-In Station Overview
Traffic Direction Volunteers
Volunteers are assigned to welcome participants, direct traffic in, out and throughout the event
site. They also monitor the location of pedestrians and passengers waiting on participants to
ensure their safety. All volunteers need to pay attention to drivers. Stay seen to stay safe!
It is recommended that one volunteer be assigned to Traffic-Inflow and another to TrafficOutflow. However, these positions are optional depending on the size of the event and
configuration. Traffic direction volunteers are not required to attend CarFit Technician Training.
Check-In Station Technicians
The Check-In Station should be located far enough into the site that even if several vehicles are
waiting to check-in; they will be safely in the event site, not in the roadway.
Technicians assigned to the Check-In Station greet drivers and provide the Waiver and the
CarFit Checklist. It is the responsibility of the Check-In Technician to write down the date,
participant ID number, and vehicle make, model and year on the CarFit Checklist.
Sample Script – Greeting Drivers and Explaining Paperwork
Activity
Comments
Gesture to the driver to roll down vehicle
windows if they have not done so.
Hello. Thanks for coming to CarFit.
My name is _____________. Did you
schedule an appointment?
Depending on response: “Great!” or “No
problem, we’ll get you in or schedule you
now.”
Give the driver the clipboard with the Waiver
and pen.
Retain the signed Waiver. (If the driver refuses
to sign the Waiver they may not participate.)
The Waiver indicates that you are here
voluntarily and all the information we provide is
for educational purposes only. It is required.
Activity
Comments
Place the checklist on the clipboard and hand
it to the driver and ask them to place it on the
passenger seat.
This is your CarFit Checklist. It’s the tool we
use to help determine the fit between you and
your car. It is NOT a vehicle inspection or a
test. You’ll keep your personal checklist when
it’s completed.
Observe whether the driver is wearing a seat
belt. Is it fastened properly? Note this in the
top right hand corner of the checklist (near
date, participant # and vehicle make model
and year).
If the driver is not wearing a seat belt, direct
them: “Please buckle-up.”
Direct the participant to the Checkup Station.
Thank you. Would you honk your horn for me
to signal the Technician at your next stop?
Drive up to the Checkup Station slowly.
(Any directions needed.)
Section 6:
Checkup Station
Checkup Station Technicians
As a Trained Technician, you will work in teams assigned to the Checkup Station to examine
the driver’s positioning in their vehicle, field of view, and determine their knowledge and use of
vehicle controls.
You will go through the CarFit Checklist in order, from start to finish, and mark each item with a
response or measurement, as requested. Remain friendly but focused in order to keep the
discussion between 15-20 minutes.
This is a voluntary educational event. Drivers may decline to participate in any part of the CarFit
Checklist. (Drivers attending this public event may represent a wide range of needs and/or
expectations.)
If a driver becomes upset about a particular item on the Checklist, circle the item (rather than
check it off) so the occupational therapist or driver rehabilitation specialist might explore any
concerns. Technicians are encouraged to call Event Coordinators over if a driver seems
unhappy. The Event Coordinator might offer the option of continuing to work through the CarFit
Checkist with another Technician.
Provide education only. Do not make hands-on adjustments yourself. Only drivers should adjust
their seats, steering wheels, head restraints and mirrors.
“Circling the Check” for Discussion
Note areas of concern on the CarFit Checklist by “circling the check” to signal the occupational
therapist (or driver rehabilitation specialist) working the Checkout Station to initiate a
conversation and possibly suggest solutions, such as the use of adaptive devices.
Circling the check on the CarFit Checklist does not necessarily indicate a serious safety
concern. On the contrary, sometimes the driver simply has questions the Technician isn’t
prepared to answer or the item warrants further discussion. Sometimes there is just an
opportunity to make a driver more comfortable or knowledgeable about a “fit” related issue.
If the individualized professional services of an occupational therapist or driver rehabilitation
specialist might be of benefit, the expert-volunteer can share materials on local driving programs
and safety resources.
Section 7:
CarFit Checklist
Overview
The CarFit Checklist guides you through an assessment with drivers. You will cover 11 of the 12
points, then direct them to the Checkout Station where an occupational therapist suggests
solutions and aids, based on items you have noted and their own observations.
If questions about a specific vehicle arise, the owner’s manual typically provides details about
the location and operation of vehicle controls.
Remember:
 Be careful not to communicate with drivers in a way that makes them feel judged, tested
or criticized.
 Explain each Checklist item so drivers understand why the discussion on positioning is
safety-related,
 Guide drivers in adjusting seats, mirrors and the steering wheel. Do not make hands-on
adjustments for them.
Checkup Introduction
The Technician assigned to the Checkup Station begins by directing the driver to pull up to a
stopping place. The CarFit Event Coordinator may arrange for vehicle wheel blocks (also called
chock blocks) to prevent vehicles from moving unexpectedly during Checkup.
Do not stand directly in front of a moving vehicle. When the vehicle is safely stopped, move to
the driver’s window and offer a brief introduction and description of the Checkup process.
Ask the driver to remain in the vehicle with the gearshift in Park (or Neutral if the vehicle has
manual transmission), the engine off and the parking brake engaged. (Exception: If the parking
brake has been unused for 10 years or more.)
Conducting the Checkup
Ask the driver to remain sitting in the vehicle for the entire Checkup.
Choose a position that allows you to maintain eye contact with the driver. Stand near the driver
door, squat next to an open door, or, with the driver’s permission, take a seat on the passenger
side. (Base your position on height, mobility, comfort and the driver’s preferences.)
Sample Script – Introducing the Checkup
Activity
Comments
Hello. My name is _____________ and I will
be taking you through a quick CarFit Checkup.
During Checkup, we look at how you are
positioned in the driver’s seat and how you
operate vehicle controls. The whole process
should take less than 20 minutes.
Based on the fit between you and your vehicle,
we might have some tips on adjustments, new
techniques or even some gadgets to make you
more comfortable and keep you safer.
Please:
 Put the gearshift in Park. (Neutral if the
car has manual transmission).
 Set the parking brake.
 Turn off the ignition.
 Stay in the driver’s seat.
Let’s get started…
Item 1: Are You the Only Driver?
What we check: If others – such as a spouse or partner – also drive the vehicle. Ask if the
partner is also participating in CarFit.
Why we check: Drivers of the same car may require different adjustments to the seat, steering
wheel, wheel tilt and mirrors for visibility and comfort. Suggest participants go over their CarFit
Checklist with others who drive the vehicle.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 1: Are You the Only Driver?
Activity
Comments
It’s important to achieve your best person-tovehicle fit each time you drive.
Are you the only one who drives this vehicle?
(Yes? Proceed to Item 2)
(No?) If there is more than one driver in a car
– even a valet or a grandchild who is just
moving your car for you -- there may be a
difference in how each one adjusts the seat,
steering wheel and mirrors.
Is your spouse or partner participating in our
CarFit Event today?
(No?) You can check the CarFit website to
find out when the next CarFit Event is
scheduled. The website address is in the
brochure you’ll get in your Goodie Bag.
You’ll take your CarFit Checklist with you
today, so you can go over it with your
husband/wife and remind them to do a predriving check and make individualized
adjustments when they drive the car after you.
Item 2: Safety Belt (Seat Belt) Use
What we check: If the driver consistently uses the vehicle’s seat belt, uses it correctly and
identifies any problems in doing so. (See what the Check-In Technician noted on the CarFit
Checklist.)
Why we check: This is an opportunity to help drivers understand that seat belts keep them
properly positioned during a crash and prevent ejection if they are worn correctly – over the
shoulder and low on the hips. Placing the belt behind the back or under the arm could lead to
injury.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 2: Safety (Seat Belt) Use
Activity
Comments
Look at the CarFit Checklist to see if the driver
was wearing a seat belt. or says it is not a
habit.
If the driver says wearing a seat belt is not a
habit, note their response on the CarFit
Checklist.
I see you have your seat belt on. Are you in
the habit of wearing it all the time?
If the driver says wearing a seat belt is
uncomfortable, note any comments on the
CarFit Checklist.
Wearing a seat belt can prevent injuries and
even save your life. Research shows people
are more prone to serious, life-threatening
injuries if they are not wearing a seat belt.
You’re less likely to be ejected from the
vehicle when you are secured.
Does the belt feel comfortable to you?
Activity
Comments
Observe how the seat belt is adjusted.
Your lap belt should fit low and tight across the
hips or pelvis. The shoulder belt should cross
the collar bone, away from the neck, and cross
the chest. The shoulder belt should never be
fastened behind the back or under the arm.
Three easy adjustments may improve the fit of
the seatbelt if it is uncomfortably close to the
neck:
 Raise the seat, which will bring the line
of sight above the steering wheel.
 Bring the seat back closer to an upright
– but still comfortable –position.
 Adjust the seat belt slider on the side
pillar.
(It looks like your seat belt can be adjusted/
It looks like your seat belt can’t be adjusted.)
Guide the driver in adjusting the seat belt to a
better position.
If you’d like, I will guide you in adjusting your
seat belt to a position that’s still effective but
may be more comfortable. You might need to
get out of the car to make the adjustment.
Observe the tilt of the seat.
Adjusting the tilt of the back of your seat may
also improve the fit of the seat belt.
Observe any difficulties in unbuckling or
buckling the seat belt and provide feedback.
Let’s look at the movement of the seat belt.
Please unbuckle your seat belt and let it
retract all the way back into the mechanism.
Ok, now please re-buckle your seat belt.
At this point, the Technician will take the initial measurements of the driver vehicle fit to the
steering wheel position. Measure the distance between the chest and steering wheel, and the
line of sight above the steering wheel. Taking an initial measurement will provide us with a guide
as we check items #3-#6 on the checklist.
Distance between chest and steering wheel:
Either give the driver the ruler and ask them to do the measuring, or do the measurement
yourself. Record the measurement on the CarFit Checklist.
To get this measurement, ask driver to look straight ahead and place one end of the
ruler/measuring tape about the middle of the participant’s chest and place the other end on the
middle of the steering wheel. About how many inches are there between the participant and the
steering wheel?
Line-of-Sight above steering wheel:
Ask the driver to look straight ahead. Position yourself at the driver’s eye level. Ask the driver to
hold a ruler in a straight, horizontal line from the eye level to the windshield. Using a second
ruler*, measure the distance from the first ruler to the top of the steering wheel. Record the
distance in the space provided in the CarFit Checklist.
* Options for rulers:
 A 10” ruler with a 3” piece of ribbon hanging down.
 A 10” x 3” CarFit Ruler. Turned sideways, it allows you to approximate a 3”
measurement.
Item 3: Steering Wheel Tilt, Position to Airbag
What we check: If the steering wheel is tilted at an angle that allows the driver to have good
forward vision, unobstructed view of dashboard instruments and indicators, good control of the
wheel and optimal protection by the airbag.
Why we check: Many drivers do not know how to adjust the tilt of the steering wheel to a
comfortable position that also provides good forward vision and wheel control. They may not
understand the clearance required between drivers and airbags, which are intended to absorb
crash forces at the chest, not the face.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 3: Steering Wheel Tilt, Position to Airbag
Activity
Comments
Observe the original position of the wheel.
There should be at least 2” of space between
the top of the driver’s thighs and the bottom of
the steering wheel so leg movement is not
impeded.
Let’s look at your steering wheel. Can you
clearly see the speedometer? Does your
steering wheel have a tilt feature?
The driver should also be able to reach the
wheel easily, with arms slightly bent and
shoulders relaxed.
For some vehicles, power settings may allow
drivers to program both driving and entry/exit
positions, which may not be the same.
(HIGH)
If the wheel is tilted too high, ask if you may
guide the driver in readjusting the wheel.
The steering wheel tilt level is usually on the
left side of the wheel, behind the turn signal or
underneath the steering wheel column
(LOW)
If the wheel is tilted too low, ask if you may
guide the driver in readjusting the wheel
Your wheel seems to be too high. You will see
the dashboard and the road more clearly and
maybe even relax your shoulders if you tilt it
down. It also better positions the airbag, which
is housed in the center of the steering wheel.
Would you like to try adjusting the steering
wheel so it’s lower?
Your wheel seems low. That can block your
sight of the dashboard and make it difficult
for you to move your leg between pedals.
Activity
Comments
The steering wheel tilt level is usually on the
left side of the wheel, behind the turn signal or
underneath the steering wheel column
Would you like to try adjusting the steering
wheel so it’s higher?
Be certain to lock the wheel into place once
the adjustment is complete.
Item 4: Head Restraint
What we check: If the driver’s head restraint is adjusted properly.
Why we check: A properly adjusted head restraint protects drivers from whiplash and other
injuries, particularly if the vehicle is rear-ended.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 4: Head Restraint
Activity
Comments
Observe the position of the driver’s head in
relation to the head restraint.
Let’s look at the adjustment of your head
restraint. Positioned correctly, it can protect
you from whiplash and minimize neck injuries,
particularly if your vehicle is rear-ended.
The restraint should be positioned mid or
above the ears, with 2 ½ inches or less from
the back of the head to the restraint pad.
Determine if the head restraint needs
adjustment.
The middle of the back of your head should hit
the middle of the back of the restraint pad. If
the restraint is too low, your head may fall over
the device. If it’s too high, you may not have
enough support.
Would you like me to show you how to
raise/lower your head restraint for a better fit?
Item 5: Distance Between Chest and Steering Wheel
What we check: If the driver’s chest is a safe distance from the steering wheel. Based on
possible adjustments made in #3, the measurement will be taken again to ensure a safe
distance between the chest and steering wheel.
Why we check: Many drivers do not understand where the airbag is located and what happens
when it is activated. Drivers might not realize they should sit at least 10 inches back from the
airbag to allow it to inflate without potentially causing injuries. (This is also true for passengers.)
They should also be able to position their seats so there is no slack in their seat belts.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 5: Distance Between Chest and Steering Wheel
Activity
Comments
You will be directing the driver to take a
measurement to complete this item.
Point out the location of the airbag.
We need to look at the distance between your
chest and steering wheel, which is where your
airbag is.
The distance from the driver’s chest to the
center of the steering wheel can be estimated
with a ruler, tape measure or even an 8 ½ x 11
piece of paper.
There should be at least 10 inches from your
chest or to the center of the steering wheel.
You need this clearance because when the
airbag deploys, it fills with air and moves
toward you like a big balloon. It only stays
inflated for a quarter of a second. The airbag
cushions the driver as it deflates. It deploys so
quickly that many drivers don’t realize it until
the airbag is already deflated.
NOTE:
Do not touch a female driver’s chest.
Either give the driver the ruler and ask them to
do the measuring, or take the measurement
for them. Record the measurement.
Look straight ahead and place one end of this
ruler at about the middle of your chest and
place the other end against the steering wheel.
Activity
Comments
If the measurement is more than 10 inches.
It looks like you are more than 10 inches
away. That’s good. We don’t need to make
any adjustments. Keep that number in mind so
you can check periodically.
If the driver’s chest is less than the
recommended 10 inches of clearance, assist
the driver in finding and operating the seat
adjustment controls. (Remember to let them
make any adjustments.)
It looks like you are less than 10 inches from
the steering wheel. The government agency
that regulates vehicle design and
manufacturing reports that being that close
could result in injuries.
Guide the driver in using the seat controls to
move the seat backwards.
May I show you how to use your seat controls
to move your seat back?
Allow them to return their seat to the original
position.
It looks like you may not be able to sit 10
inches back and comfortably reach the pedals.
Go ahead and move your seat up. I’ll make a
note for the occupational therapist to share
some suggestions with you during Checkout.
Re-measure and record. If the distance is still
less than 10” circle the check.
If the driver will not move the seat back, do not
press the issue. Make a note so the issue will
be revisited during Checkout.
Item 6: Line of Sight Above Steering Wheel
What we check: If the driver has the proper line of sight over the steering wheel for an
adequate view of the road ahead. Based on possible adjustments made earlier, the
measurement will be taken again to ensure a proper line-on-sight about the steering wheel.
Why we check: Drivers may not realize that at least 3 inches above the top of the steering
wheel is ideal for a safe, straight line of sight.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 6: Line of Sight Above Steering Wheel
Activity
Comments
NOTE:
You will guide the driver in making a
measurement to complete this item.
Ask the driver to look straight ahead. Position
yourself at the driver’s eye level. Ask the driver
to hold a ruler in a straight, horizontal line from
the eye level to the windshield.
Using a second ruler*, measure the distance
from the first ruler to the top of the steering
wheel. Record the distance in the space
provided in the CarFit Checklist.
* Options for rulers:
 A 10” ruler with a 3” piece of ribbon
hanging down from its side.
 A 10” x 3” CarFit Ruler. Turned
sideways, it allows you to approximate
a 3” measurement.
If the driver’s line of sight is 3 inches or more
above the wheel …
Now we’ll determine your line of sight above
the steering wheel to make sure you have an
adequate view of the road ahead.
Please look straight ahead, through the
windshield.
Experts recommend that drivers maintain a
line of sight at least three inches above the
steering wheel. We will take two
measurements.
Your line of sight is 3 inches or more above
the steering wheel. That’s good – you want to
maintain that position. If you find it ever drops
below that level, you could try adjusting your
seat.
Activity
Comments
If the driver’s sight is less than 3 inches above
the wheel, suggest a seat adjustment.
Your line of sight is less than 3 inches above
the wheel. Does your seat adjust up and
down? Do you know how to make that
adjustment? Try that now, please.
If the seat does not adjust, suggest that the
driver adjust the tilt of the steering wheel.
Provide guidance on adjusting the seat tilt, if
needed.
Is your seat tilted too far back? If it is, go
ahead and adjust that.
Check that the driver’s seat is not tilted too far
back.
The driver must make all adjustments. Make
sure that in doing so, the driver does not
adjust the horizontal seat position. This would
reduce the distance to the airbag, which you
measured earlier.
If the driver cannot adjust the seat to maintain
a line of sight 3 inches above the wheel AND
comfortably reach the pedals, suggest that the
driver adjust the tilt of the steering wheel.
Your feet need to remain in comfortable reach
of the pedal, so see if adjusting the tilt of the
steering wheel improves your line of sight.
After the driver has made adjustments, have
the driver re-measure the line of sight.
Ok, that adjustment created the 3 inches you
need ….
OR
Your line of sight might be too low to give you
good control.
If adjustments to the seat and wheel tilt do not
bring the driver’s line of sight to 3 inches or
more, check “No” for this item of the CarFit
Checklist and circle the check mark.
We are still short of the 3-inch mark. I’m noting
that so the occupational therapist can offer
some solutions during Checkout.
Item 7: Positioning to Gas Pedal and Brake Pedal
What we check: If the driver can easily and effectively depress the gas pedal without
reaching. Are the brake lights working? Is the driver able to move between gas and brake
pedals without difficulties?
If the driver’s footwear – such as thick soles, high heels or flip flops – is affecting their
performance, note this on the CarFit Checklist for the occupational therapist to discuss.
Why we check: Drivers should not need to fully extend their legs or use their toes to depress
the gas pedal through the full range. Reaching in this manner can fatigue the leg muscles. This
check is an opportunity to make drivers aware of safe, non-fatiguing gas pedal use.
Aging can diminish a driver’s strength, flexibility and range of motion, which in turn may affect
their ability to pick up and move their foot quickly and efficiently between the gas pedal and
brake pedal. Physical limitations can slow reaction time. We are not measuring or discussing
reaction time, but we are observing the driver’s ability to quickly move the foot squarely to the
middle of the pedal and depress the brakes. If there is room for improvement, note this on the
CarFit Checklist for the occupational therapist to address.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 7: Positioning the Gas Pedal and Brake Pedal
Activity
Comments
SAFETY CHECK:
Make sure the engine is off.
Position yourself so you can see the driver’s
right foot.
Now we are going to take a look at how
comfortably you can reach and depress the
gas pedal.
Observe foot placement on the gas pedal. Can
the driver reach the pedal easily?
Keeping the engine off, place your foot on the
gas pedal and press the pedal, please.
Activity
Comments
The driver should be looking straight ahead
(not down at their feet.) If the driver appears to
“reach” with their toes to get full pedal
movement, check “No” for this item on the
CarFit Checklist.
It looks as if you are reaching out with your
toes to depress the gas pedal. This can slow
your foot’s movement to the brake pedal. It
may also fatigue your leg and foot muscles.
I’m going to note this so the occupational
therapist can help you find the best seat
adjustment or another solution.
If the vehicle has a standard transmission,
observe the foot movement to and from the
clutch and the movement to depress and
release the clutch.
I notice your vehicle has standard
transmission. Please put your right foot on the
brake and use your left foot then depress the
clutch all the way. Is that comfortable for you?
Go ahead and release it now.
Position yourself to see the driver’s right foot.
(Some driver’s will use their left foot to brake.)
We’re going to check positioning to the brake
pedal. On my go-ahead, please put your foot
on the brake pedal and depress it all the way.
Observe the foot movement and watch for
signs of problems, such as grimacing, shifting
in the seat or reaching with the toes.
Depress the brake pedal. Do you have any
difficulty doing that?
If you observe any difficulty, check “No” on the
CarFit Checklist.
SAFETY CHECK:
Make sure the engine is off and the parking
brake is on.
Now we’re going to take a look at the
movement of your foot from the gas pedal to
the brake pedal. Keep the engine off and the
parking brake on.
Observe how quickly and efficiently the driver
can move between the gas and brakes with
his or her foot landing squarely on the pedals.
For a safe stop, you need to brake quickly with
your foot landing squarely on the brake pedal.
Put your foot on the gas pedal but do not
depress the gas. When I say “Stop,” move
your foot to the brake. I’m going to signal you
to do this three times.
Activity
Comments
To encourage a quick response, make the
request in a slightly louder voice with about 3
seconds between commands.
Your foot should be on the gas pedal… now
STOP … Return your foot to the gas pedal …
now STOP …Return your foot to the gas
pedal…now STOP.
Observe the foot movement. Is it smooth,
quick and accurate? If there appears to be any
difficulty, check “No” on the CarFit Checklist.
Now move your foot back to the gas pedal and
relax.
Item 8: Mirror Adjustments
What we check: If the driver is able to use the rearview and outside mirrors effectively to
check blind spots. We have already checked forward field of vision. Equally important are good
side and rear views. Using the outside and rearview mirrors effectively requires that each mirror
be adjusted properly.
Why we check: For older drivers, many crashes involve merging and lane changing. Proper
use of mirrors or the use of special mirrors can make these maneuvers safer. If the driver is not
able to obtain appropriate views through adjusting mirrors, the occupational therapist can
recommend special mirrors and other solutions.
Many drivers have not been instructed to adjust mirrors correctly. Some drivers get into the bad
habit of not using a mirror or mirrors. Others may have a physical limitation, such as arthritis or
a cervical fusion that prevents them from turning their neck far enough to see an outside mirror.
Ask the driver if they have used the BGE method, which stands for Blind Spot – Glare
Elimination and demonstrate (there is a color handout as reference). Drivers who have attended
a driver refresher course may be familiar with this enhanced mirror setting, but may not have put
them to use in their own vehicles.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 8: Mirror Adjustments
Activity
Comments
SUGGESTION: Work in pairs. One
Technician moves around the vehicle. One
provides direction to the driver.
We are going to look at the positioning of your
rearview and side mirrors. Do you feel they are
adjusted to give you the best view?
Many crashes occur when drivers change
lanes or merge. Minimizing any blind spots
and maximizing visibility to the rear and to the
side is an important way to stay safe.
Activity
Comments
Walk to approximately 10 feet to the rear of
the vehicle.
I am going to walk to the rear of your car and
hold up a number of fingers.
For cars, hold 1, 2 or 3 fingers up just above
the level of the trunk.
Please put your hands on the steering wheel
as if you were driving. When I ask “how many
fingers?” look through your rearview mirror
and answer. No turning around, use the mirror.
For minivans or SUVs, hold fingers just above
the lower part of the rear window.
How many fingers am I holding up?
(Technicians working solo may have to walk
back to the driver’s door to hear their
responses.)
Mark the CarFit Checklist based on driver’s
response.
NOTE:
If the vehicle does not have a right outside
mirror, mark N/A on the CarFit Checklist.
Walk to the right side rear bumper and stand
2-3 feet to the right of the car, facing forward.
Now we are going to do the same thing using
the right outside mirror.
Hold 1, 2 or 3 fingers at the level of the car’s
right outside mirror.
Again – use only your mirror.
How many fingers am I holding up?
If the driver cannot see you, the mirrors are
improperly positioned. Mark on the CarFit
Checklist whether or not the driver can see
through the mirror prior to adjusting it.
Check to see that the rearview mirror is
adjusted so that the reflection frames the rear
window.
First we will check the position of the rearview
mirror. Does your rearview mirror frame your
rear window?
Check to see that the rearview mirror is
adjusted so that the reflection frames the rear
window.
First we will check the position of the rearview
mirror. Does your rearview mirror frame your
rear window?
Advise that you can demonstrate an enhanced
We can minimize your blind spot by adjusting
mirror setting, called the “BGE” Method (Blind
Spot Glare Elimination)
your mirrors. Would you like me to show you
an improved method of adjusting your mirrors?
Demonstrate BGE. First, identify blind spots by
walking up from the rear of the car. Adjust
mirrors using BGE method. Repeat the walkup emphasizing the reduced blind spot.
Repeat on the other side
You’ll be given a handout today to take home
with you that explains the BGE Method in
more detail.
Enhanced Mirror Settings
There is a simple yet powerful technique to reduce the size of your vehicle’s blind spots. It
involves only a couple of adjustments to your vehicle’s side mirrors.
From a parked position, follow these steps:
1. To adjust the left side mirror, rest your head
against the closed window and set the
mirror to barely show the edge of your vehicle.
1.
2. To set the right mirror, lean to the right so that
your head is directly below the rearview mirror
or above the center console.
Adjust this mirror the same way, so you can
just barely see the edge of the right
side of your vehicle.
With the side mirrors now angled outward slightly more, you’ll gain increased visual coverage of
your blind spots. You should still perform a quick head check before changing lanes, but you’ll
now have almost seamless visual contact with all areas behind your vehicle.
Another way to enhance your vision to the rear is to install special mirrors to reduce your blind
areas:
 Consider installing larger side mirrors - right and left.
 Use a panoramic (curved) rearview mirror inside.
You may also want to attach a small convex (curved) mirror on a side view mirror. Although
convex mirrors make objects seem farther away, they can help you detect movement more
easily. However, don’t depend solely on a convex side mirror, which might make you think you
have more room than you really do.
2.
Item 9: Neck Mobility for Visual Blind Spot Check
What we check: If the driver is able to identify visual blind spots on both sides of the vehicle by
turning their neck and trunk.
Why we check: Some drivers do not have the mobility of their head, neck or trunk to perform
this vital task. An inability to move one’s neck adequately when merging and lane changing can
contribute to collisions. Many drivers check only rearview and outside mirrors – and these
mirrors may not be adjusted for the best visibility. Explain to the driver that using the enhanced
mirror settings (as outlined in #8 above) does not eliminate the need to further check blind
spots, thus why neck mobility is important.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 9: Neck Mobility for Visual Blind Spot Check
Activity
Comments
SUGGESTION: Work in pairs. One
Technician moves around the vehicle. One
provides direction to the driver.
Now let’s check see how easily you can move
your neck to check for blind spots. I’m going to
stand in a blind spot and ask you to try to see
me by just looking at your left outside mirror.
Position yourself on the driver’s side, even
with the back of the rear passenger’s seat.
Step 5-6 feet to the left and face forward.
Once we determine I am in you blind spot, I’ll
ask you to turn your head and tell me how
many fingers I’m holding up. Place your hands
on the steering wheel and leave them there
throughout this check. You just have to turn to
look over your shoulder far enough to see
where I’m standing.
Have the driver look in the left outside mirror
and ask if the driver can see you in the mirror.
If the driver says “yes,” take another step to
the side and ask again until the driver no
longer sees you.
Activity
Comments
Now stand in the blind spot so the driver can
only see you by turning their head and/or
trunk.
Look straight ahead until I ask you to turn your
head …Ready?
Hold up your fingers at the level of the outside
mirror, or slightly higher.
OK, please turn your head and tell me the
number of fingers you see.
If the driver releases their hands from the
steering wheel, politely remind them to try
again with their hands on the steering wheel.
NOTE:
If you observe the driver turning and
scanning over their shoulder, you do not
need to require them to repeat the process.
If the vehicle has a right outside mirror, repeat
the process on the right side. If not, mark N/A
on the CarFit Checklist.
If the driver cannot turn his or her neck or
head, note this on the CarFit Checklist so the
occupational therapist can address this issue
during Checkout.
Ok, now we are going to repeat this check of
blind spots on your right side.
Item 10: Ignition Key or System
What we check: Is the driver able to properly use the ignition key or system? Observe any
difficulties or complaints of pain or discomfort.
Why we check: There may be new techniques or adaptive devices that improve the comfort
and safety of drivers experiencing difficulties.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 10: Ignition Key or System
Activity
Comments
If the key is in the ignition switch, ask the
driver to remove it. If the key is not in the
ignition, ask the driver to put the key in the
ignition and then remove it.
Now we are going to look at how you turn the
engine on, with your key or keyless system.
Observe the driver inserting, then removing,
the key. Watch for any signs of weakness or
pain.
I’d like to watch you put the ignition key in the
switch and the remove it. Go ahead and do
that, please.
Did you experience any problems or
discomfort?
Positioning the wheel so the ignition is in sight
makes this process much easier.
SAFETY CHECK:
Make sure the vehicle is in Park.
In observing how the driver turns the key,
watch for signs of limitation or discomfort. For
example, drivers may move their trunks to get
closer to the switch because of limited reach.
Or they may need to use both hands.
Note any difficulties on the CarFit Checklist so
the occupational therapist can address this
and suggest adaptive devices.
Now, please make sure the car is in Park
(Neutral for vehicles with manual
transmission).
Stick the key back in the ignition and start the
engine. Is it painful or difficult to turn the key?
Item 11: Operation of Vehicle Controls
What we check: Does the driver have any difficulty operating the secondary controls: wipers,
turn signal, horn, and parking brake? During this check, inform the driver if you notice
headlights or taillights are not in working order or need to be cleaned.
Why we check: There may be new techniques or adaptive devices that improve the safety and
comfort for the driver.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 11: Operation of Vehicle Controls
Activity
Comments
SAFETY CHECK:
In some vehicles, controls may not operate
if the engine is off. Make sure the parking
brake is off and the vehicle remains in Park
(or Neutral for vehicles with manual
transmission).
Ask the driver to apply the parking brake, put
the car in Park (or Neutral for manual
transmission vehicles) and set the ignition key
to the accessory position.
We’re going to check your fit with secondary
controls – your turn signal, lights, wipers, horn.
Please make sure the parking brake is on and
you are in Park. Turn your ignition key to the
accessory position.
Stand beside the driver door and instruct the
driver to operate the left turn signal. Note any
issue on the CarFit Checklist.
Turn the left turn signal on. OK, cancel it.
Was that uncomfortable for you?
Activity
Comments
Stand beside the driver door and instruct the
driver to operate the right turn signal. Note any
issue on the CarFit Checklist.
Turn the right turn signal on. Cancel the signal.
Thank you.
Stand at the driver’s door and observe the
driver reaching for and operating the headlight
switch/button.
Now turn the headlights on.
Turn on your high beams.
Turn off the high beams.
Turn off the headlights. (If the vehicle is not
equipped with daytime running lights.)
Stand at the driver’s door, observe the driver
reaching for and operating the emergency
flashers.
Please turn on your emergency flashers.
Turn them off.
Now let’s look at the operation of the parking
brake. Release the parking brake.
Observe whether the parking brake is
operated by hand or foot.
Apply the parking brake. Do you have any
difficulty doing that?
Note any issues on the CarFit Checklist.
SAFETY CHECK:
Parking brakes that are not regularly used
may stick. For older vehicles, we
recommend skipping this check.
Move away from the front of the vehicle in
performing this check.
We have one last task inside the vehicle. Turn
the engine on. Keep the car in Park.
Observe as the driver turns the steering wheel
one full turn – but not all the way to its
stopping point. Watch for difficulties in steering
in terms of smoothness, quickness, grasp of
the wheel and reach.
When I ask, look straight ahead and turn the
steering wheel to the right, one full turn.
Now turn the wheel back to the center.
Turn it to the left one full turn.
Return the wheel to the center.
Please turn the engine off.
Activity
Some drivers use the new recommended
method of sliding the steering wheel through
the hands while they are positioned at 4
o’clock and 8 o’clock.
Comments
Note any issues on the CarFit Checklist.
SAFETY CHECK:
Confirm that the steering wheel returns to
center so front wheels will not be turned
when the driver leaves your Checkup
Station.
Ask driver to sound the horn. Note if it is not in
working order.
Could you please sound your horn? Thank
you.
Review the CarFit Checklist to make sure it is
complete and any comments are legible. Hand
the clipboard to the driver and direct them to
proceed slowly to the Checkout Station.
Your next stop is Checkout. Our occupational
therapist will use your CarFit Checklist to
suggest methods or adaptive devices that
might make you safer and more comfortable in
your vehicle.
Do you have any questions?
Thank you. It was a pleasure meeting you.
Section 7:
Checkout Station
At the Checkout Station, an occupational therapist completes the CarFit Checklist by conducting
Item 12 – Vehicle Walk-Around.
Occupational therapists help people with various limitations and disabilities perform daily
activities and retain their independence. They have the expertise to notice nuances (such as
gait, balance and lack of flexibility).
During Checkout, the occupational therapist discusses any questions the driver may have and
suggests solutions ranging from the use of adaptive devices to considering driving programs for
mature operators.
Your CarFit event may also involve a driver rehabilitation specialist. Their expertise is in working
with adaptive driving equipment and aids, such as special mirrors and pedal extenders.
Drivers have the option of declining to do the Vehicle Walk-Around.
Events without Occupational Therapists
Some CarFit Events do not have an occupational therapist on site. If you note any concerns in
completing the CarFit Checklist, recommend that the driver consult an occupational therapist or
driver rehabilitation specialist to find solutions that keep them safe and comfortable in their car.
At Checkout, a volunteer will distribute Goodie Bags that include a list of community resources
available to drivers.
Item 12: Vehicle Walk-Around
What we check: Does the driver demonstrate any difficulties getting out of the vehicle and
walking around it? Does the driver have questions or concerns? Is any education needed on
safety issues related to tires (such traction or tire pressure)?
Why we check: This is an opportunity to observe any concerns with the driver’s mobility and
balance. Occupational therapists should not comment on the participant’s long-term ability to
drive, but should suggest that participants consult their physicians if they identify a concern.
It is also an opportunity to talk with the driver about any damage to the vehicle, such as cracks
in the windshield or significant dents and scratches. If the driver is receptive, the occupational
therapist may ask how damage occurred.
Sample Script – CarFit Checklist Item 12: Vehicle Walk-Around
Activity
Comments
Review the CarFit Checklist with the goal of
finding opportunities to suggest new
techniques or the use of adaptive devices.
Hi. My name is ___________________. I’m an
occupational therapist (or driver rehabilitation
specialist.) It is OK to identify your workplace.
Observe how the driver exits the vehicle. Did
this appear to be painful or difficult? Did the
driver pull up using the door or seat for
assistance?
I’d like to ask you to get out of the car and
walk around your vehicle with me.
Activity
Comments
NOTE:
Drivers may decline. If so, conclude the
Checkout by giving them the Goodie Bag
and letting them know it contains a listing
of community resources for drivers.
Walk beside the driver around the car,
providing a steady hand if needed. Note if the
driver has any balance problems, requires a
cane or walker, or has artificial legs.
Is walking difficult for you? Do you have any
problem with balance or dizziness? Any
discomfort?
(Consistent with your experience, expertise
and comfort, suggest any improved methods
or available adaptive devices to help the driver
remain safe and comfortable.)
Point out any issues related to tire condition or
pressure. Review tire safety handout with
participant.
Examples of conversation:
Do you have any questions related to your
tires?
Tire problems to watch out for are overinflation, under-inflation, tread wear on the
edge and erratic tread wear. If the tread is
raised, that might indicate a radial belt inside
the tire has separated.
NOTE:
Do not confront, question or challenge
drivers. This is a positive and supportive
discussion in which you share
observations.
Point out any significant dents, scratches or
cracks on the vehicle. Allow the driver the
opportunity to share how the damage
occurred.
Examples of conversation:
I notice a scratch on your bumper. Were you
aware that had happened?
Your back wheel is missing a hubcap. Were
you aware that had happened?
Activity
Comments
NOTE:
You may bring a reference file with
printouts of state laws related to cracked
windows and burnt out taillights. Point out
this information as a courtesy to the driver.
If you notice any safety issues related to the
condition of the vehicle, call them to the
driver’s attention.
Examples of conversation:
Your windshield has a crack that could get
worse and make it hard for you to see. I would
recommend you fix that as soon as possible.
Many insurance companies will pay for the
entire cost of replacing the window – some
make the repair at your home or office.
Your tail light has a crack. That might short
out. I would recommend you fix that as soon
as possible to help protect you from being hit
from the rear.
Observe whether the headlights, tail lights,
side mirrors rear and front windshields are
dirty. Ask the driver if a volunteer may wipe
them off with glass cleaner.
You lose some of the brightness from your
lights when they get dirty, so make it a habit to
clean them at each fill-up.
Double-check that you have completed the
CarFit Checklist and addressed any concerns.
Do you have any questions for me?
OK, you can get back in the car. Please fasten
your seat belts.
Review the contents of the Goodie Bag and
demonstrate any adaptive devices that may be
useful to the driver.
We have a Goodie Bag for you. It contains
educational materials and local resources.
Thank the driver and direct him or her to the
exit.
Thank you for participating in CarFit. Please
recommend us to any other drivers you feel
would benefit.
Please drive slowly to the exit.
Activity
SAFETY CHECK:
The CarFit Event Coordinator should brief
you in advance on how to handle drivers
who appear to be at risk.
If a driver appears at-risk to drive away
from the event, the designated person
might offer to:
 Provide water or food and a place to
rest.
 Call a friend or family member to
drive the participant home.
 Arrange a ride from a cab (with
voucher) or volunteer. As a last
resort, call law enforcement.
In a case of acute distress, call 9-1-1
immediately.
Comments
Questions?
Your CarFit Event Coordinator can answer questions about how your specific CarFit event is
organized and will operate. There is also information available (to read and download) on the
CarFit website: www.car-fit.org. When you complete your training, you will gain access to these
valuable resources.
Waiver of Liability Form
CarFit
Helping Mature Drivers Find Their Perfect Fit
CarFit is an educational program created by the American Society on Aging and developed in
collaboration with AAA (American Automobile Association), AARP, and the American
Occupational Therapy Association. Data from the program will be collected, but no names
will be associated with the information collected. Group data may be used by AAA, AARP,
and AOTA to evaluate and develop future programs. Participants will be given a copy of their
individual CarFit Check-Up results.
I understand and agree that I am voluntarily participating in the CarFit program. I further
understand and agree that the purpose of the CarFit program is to help me learn ways to
enhance the fit of my personal vehicle to me as a driver; that this program is being provided
to me as a free service; and that any changes I decide to make to my vehicle as a result of the
information I receive during the CarFit Check-Up are made voluntarily. In consideration for
the opportunity to participate in the CarFit program, I hereby release and forever discharge
the American Automobile Association, its affiliated clubs, AARP, the American Occupational
Therapy Association, and their officers, directors, employees, and agents, from any and all
present or future liability, claim, loss, cost, or expense, arising from or attributable to my
participation in the CarFit program or to any negligence, action, or omission to act, of any
such organization or person.
Print Name
Number/Street
_______________________
____________________________________
Participant Signature
Date
__________________________
_________
How did you find out about CarFit?
City/State/Zip
Radio
TV
Signs
Newspaper
Flyers
Other _______________________
Revised 12/12
Tire Information…Know the Facts!
While it's easy to overlook those four patches of rubber called your tires,
performing a few simple checks can yield better fuel economy and improved
vehicle handling. Since most tire damage and wear is a result of driving on tires
that are improperly inflated, tire experts suggest checking your air pressure once
a month.
Maintaining proper tire pressure is important for many reasons other than
reducing the potential of a flat tire or a blowout. In order to achieve optimum
handling from your vehicle, from everyday driving to making emergency
maneuvers, tire pressure needs to be at the proper inflation level. Even a tire that
doesn't appear to be low on air can result in reduced vehicle handling and
excessive tread wear.
How to Check Your Tire Pressure To check tire pressure, use an air pressure
gauge. These inexpensive items are available at auto parts stores, gas stations, or
in the automotive section of department stores. Many gas stations have one that
you can borrow in a pinch.
How Much Air Pressure? You can find the vehicle’s recommended air pressure in
your owner’s manual or on a placard typically located on the driver’s doorjamb.
The placard may also be located in the glove box or inside the trunk lid or fuel
filler door.
Checking Tread Depth. Place a quarter into several tread grooves across the
width of the tire. If part of Washington’s head is always covered by the tread,
your tires have more than 4/32 of an inch of tread depth remaining and are safe
for use. If the top of Washington’s head is exposed at any point, you should
replace the tires. This replaces the previous method of checking tire tread depth
using a penny to measure 2/32 of an inch. Although legal at 2/32 of an inch, a
safer choice is 4/36 of an inch.
Source: AAA DIP Program
The CarFit Manual
Your manual and this presentation were prepared to
train you to participate in CarFit events as a Trained
Technician
Trained Technicians are eligible to become CarFit Event
Coordinators by attending an additional training class
designed specially for Event Coordinators
You must successfully complete a CarFit event to be
certified a CarFit Technician
Today’s Agenda
1. Program Objectives & Background
2. The CarFit Event
3. CarFit Roles & Positions
4. Review of the CarFit Checklist
Break
5. Lab Portion: Outside
6. Instructions and Plan for CarFit Event
1
Program Objectives
Promote continued safe driving and mobility
among older drivers by focusing attention on
safety, comfort and fit
Create an open environment that promotes
conversations about driving
Provide information, EDUCATION, and
community-based resources to older drivers
in a non-threatening, quick, and easily
accessible manner
Program Background
Program Background
Created by the American Society on Aging in collaboration
with:
AAA
AARP
American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)
Launched nationally in 2006, CarFit is available in 46
states, and abroad in Canada, Australia and New Zealand
This initiative depends on the efforts of volunteers to work
effectively
2
Why do we need a program like CarFit?
People over 65 are the fastest growing age
group
By 2030, there will be 58.9 million people age
65 and older— that’s 1 in 4 drivers over 65
Personal mobility is critical for healthy aging
Our bodies change as we age—ill fitting
vehicles can make it uncomfortable and unsafe
to drive
Program Background
CarFit is a community-based program that
focuses on driver fit with their vehicle
Primary focus of the program is to provide
active drivers with safety information and
education
CarFit is NOT an evaluation for ability to drive
No Pass/Fail messages
Information is confidential
Program Background
CarFit check-ups are designed for community-based settings
Senior/community centers, church or school parking lots
Hospitals and health centers
AAA or AARP offices
Uses a trained team of volunteers & health professionals
Appointments are designed to take approximately 20
minutes to asses the “fit” between the driver and the vehicle
The central point of the program is the 12 point CarFit
checklist
3
Roles Within CarFit
There are four roles within CarFit for volunteers
Instructors
Event
Coordinators
Trained
Technicians
Untrained
Volunteers
Roles: Instructors
Instructors have responsibility to communicate with
national organization staff--as leaders in CarFit, they
oversee the program’s integrity and consistency
Instructors receive specialized training and can teach
Technicians and Event Coordinators
Roles: Event Coordinators
Event Coordinators hosts CarFit events, manage
logistics, and provide training to the volunteers
and Technicians participating at the CarFit event
Event Coordinators receive additional training and
are able to train Technicians
4
Roles: Technicians
Technicians participate in and follow the direction of the
Event Coordinator overseeing the CarFit event
After completing today’s training and a CarFit event, you
will be certified as a Technician
Technicians work in teams and review the 12 point
checklist with participants
You must complete a CarFit event after training to be
certified as a Technician
Roles: OT’s or DRS
Occupational Therapists or Driver Rehabilitation
Specialists bring an understanding of aging and medical
conditions to the conversation
OT’s or DRS’s are also Technicians, but their role at a
CarFit event is to address any concerns that may have
come up during the checklist review and provide
information and resources on issues related to driver
safety during the check-out station of the event
Roles: Untrained Volunteers
Volunteers that are not trained to conduct a
vehicle check using the 12 point checklist may
also participate in an event
Untrained Volunteers can assist with traffic
direction, Check-In, and serve as runners
5
Education is Key…
DO NOT make adjustments for the driver…only the driver
should make the adjustment
If you demonstrate a recommended position, the driver is to
make the change if they choose to do so
A good rule of thumb: the driver is the last person to touch the
wheel, head restraint, seat, etc
This is a public educational event—our
role is to educate, not make changes for
the driver
Following the demonstration, the driver can choose to return
the settings to the original position, or keep the new
adjustment—provide them with these options
Keep in Mind…
As driver’s age, they may need new strategies or
adaptive tools to ensure their safety and comfort
Age related changes can have an impact on driving
safety; our goal is to provide education and make
participants feel comfortable
Speak slowly and clearly, and make eye contact with
the participant
Provide clear transitions and offer cues about what
you will discuss
Be patient! Allow the driver the time they need to
understand and perform each task
The CarFit Event
The checklist is the primary tool for conducting a Carfit check
What we review on the checklist…
Safety belt use
Steering wheel tilt
Head restraint setting
Line-of-sight over the steering wheel
Positioning to airbag
Positioning to gas and brake pedals
Mirror adjustment/blind spot check
Operation of parking brake and ignition key
Operation of Vehicle Controls
Working under the supervision of the Event Coordinator,
trained Technicians work in teams of two to conduct the CarFit
check using the checklist
6
The CarFit Event
How is a CarFit Check-Up Conducted?
A trained team of community volunteers and health
professionals review each checklist item with drivers
while seated in their own vehicle
At the end of the 12 point check, an Occupational
Therapist discusses areas of concern with the
participant
Appointments take approximately 20 minutes and
asses the “fit” between the driver and the vehicle
The CarFit Event
Carfit events range in size, based on availability of
sites, volunteers and community need
A CarFit event can be geared to any size—from a
single car, to a large community event that serves
dozens of drivers
CarFit can be customized to almost any location where
a parking lot can be safely secured for use
The event site should have an easily accessible
parking lot with at least one separate entrance and exit
Ideally, this space will have shade/covered area and
easy access to restrooms
The CarFit Event
Participants are routed to three stations:
Check-In: Staffed by Technicians or volunteers
Check up: Staffed by Technicians in teams of two
Check out: Staffed by the Occupational Therapy Practitioner
Each Technician must be aware of the site layout and
designated stopping places
We’ll take a closer look at the three stations in just a
minute…
7
The CarFit Event
Exit
Check
Out
Every
CarFit
Event is
Different!
Check Up
Station
#1
Enter
Check Up
Station
#2
Check
In
The CarFit Event: Setting Up
A tent is great for protection from
the sun and rain and may be
available at your event
Tables for paperwork
Paperweights for windy days
Chairs for resting
Snacks and water for volunteers
and participants
Available restrooms for volunteers
and participants
The CarFit Event: Signage
Yellow signs with black lettering are great for visibility
The Event Coordinator is responsible for all signage, but may
assign a member of staff to “manage” the placement of signs
Signs should note the following:
CarFit Today (placed in road)
Welcome to CarFit
Entrance signs
Check-In signs
Signs at each check up station
Sign at the check out
Exit signs
Don’t forget to collect all of the signage at the end!
8
The CarFit Event: Safety First
Event Coordinators receive special training
that covers parking lot safety and site
logistics
We use cones to map out the parking lot
and lanes
Safety vests for volunteers are required for
visibility…be bright, be seen!
The Event Coordinator may delegate a
member of staff to assist with the
placement/collection of cones either before
or at the completion of the event
Traffic Direction & Check-In
I’m looking for
the shopping
plaza
Why a Traffic Director?
As participants arrive, the Traffic Director guides drivers to the
Check-In area and helps with all aspects of traffic flow
This is the first person to greet the participant—they should be
familiar with the event, local area, and names of nearby roads
The Traffic Director should have good communication skills and
enjoy talking to people
This person can be a non-trained volunteer from the community
(senior volunteer, local law enforcement, cadets, etc)
I’m looking
forward to learning
something new
today!
9
Safety Note for Traffic Directors
Always wear your safety vest to be seen
Don’t try to waive in cars from a public street
Give simple, clear direction
Overemphasize what you want drivers to do
Never work against traffic controls…if there is a STOP sign,
don’t tell people to “go” until after they’ve come to a
complete stop
Don’t multi-task! Stay alert and omit distractions
Check-In Station
Exit
Check
Out
Check Up
Station
#1
Enter
Check Up
Station
#2
Check
In
Check-In Station
Location: Far enough into the site that cars are not
blocking the roadway
Check-in personnel greets participants, confirms
appointments (managing participants without
appointments according to the Event Coordinator’s
plan) and completes all paperwork
Check-in personnel are not required to attend the
Technician Training. This position can be managed by
a volunteer from the Host agency, for example, only
performing Check-in duties
10
Check-In Station
Responsibilities at Check-in include:
Reviews and collects signed Waiver Form, placing it in
marked folder or bin
Scans for the safety belt check and notes on the
checklist
If available, offers the participant a bottle of water
Hands driver the clip board with checklist attached, and
directs the driver to proceed with caution to the check
up area (or safe holding location)
Check-In Station: Seatbelt Check
DATE
1/6/2013
PARTICIPANT #
006
VEHICLE MAKE, MODEL & YEAR
2012 Hyundai Sonata
________________________________________________________
Was driver wearing seatbelt when they arrived at event? Y
N
TAKE NOTE!! The first person to observe the
driver at Check-In should fill out this portion of
the checklist (located in top right-hand corner)
Check-In Station: Waiver Form
Waiver form must be completed in order
for the driver to participate—no
exceptions
If the participant refuses to complete the
waiver, politely explain they cannot go
through the event today, or alert your
Event Coordinator so they can speak to
the participant and inform of this policy
This form protects the CarFit program,
the event and facility, Event Coordinator
and staff/volunteers from liability
Should be retained in a folder for the
Event Coordinator to keep in files
11
Check-In Station: Model Release
If media is present, collect media
waiver/model release forms at Checkin (all forms found on CarFit website)
The driver does not need to sign this
form and has the right to decline to be
on camera
If the participant declines to be on
camera:
Place a Post-It note on their
windshield so the media and check up
personnel are aware
Notify your Event Coordinator, so they
can ensure the driver’s wishes are met
A Note About Media…
Event Coordinators or designated PR representatives are the only
staff at the event authorized to speak to media
If the Event Coordinator has granted access for staff to speak to
the media, this will be planned in advance and staff will be notified
Check-In Station
Sample Script/Role Play
12
Check-Up Station
Exit
Check
Out
Check Up
Station
#1
Enter
Check Up
Station
#2
Check
In
Check-Up Station
Technicians use the 12-point checklist to examine the
driver’s positioning in their vehicle during the check-up
We provide information and educate on proper positioning
in vehicle
Volunteers work in two-partner teams
# Volunteers + size of lot = multiple check-up stations
Issues needing additional education are brought to the OT
or DRS’s attention for review at check out
If a driver becomes upset, or has questions you cannot
answer, simply circle the √ for the OT to address
Check-Up Station
Briefly introduce yourself and organization when driver
pulls into your station
Make them feel comfortable and welcome
Have the driver:
Put the vehicle in park
Roll down passenger & driver windows
Turn off the engine
Reminder! This process is to take 20 minutes, so be
friendly, but punctual
13
How to Conduct a CarFit Check
Now we will review the 12 items on the checklist
and how to conduct a vehicle check
Time will be provided today to practice what you’ve
learned in teams with the use of vehicles outside
Tip: The owner’s manual
typically provides detail about
the location and operation of
vehicle controls
Using the √ mark on the Checklist
The √ mark feature on the Checklist is to be used
to notify the occupational therapist of items that
need further attention at Check-out
Below is an example of a Checklist properly
completed in which the driver’s safety belt was
worn correctly, but caused discomfort
Discomfort with belt
Using the √ mark on the Checklist
Circling the √ is not reserved solely for serious safety
concerns, but is also used as an opportunity to make a
driver more comfortable or knowledgeable about a “fit”
related issue
If the professional services of on occupational therapist or
DRS might be of benefit, materials on local driving
programs and safety resources will be shared at checkout
14
Item 1: Number of Drivers
What we check: If others – such as a spouse or partner
also drive the vehicle
Why we check: Drivers of the same car may require
different adjustments to the seat, steering wheel, wheel tilt
and mirrors for visibility and comfort
Item 1: Number of Drivers
If there are additional passengers, invite them to either
wait in the waiting area, or stay in the vehicle to observe
the check-up
Ask the participant if there is more than one driver of the
vehicle
If yes, ask if they are participating today
If no, encourage them to enroll their spouse/friends in a
future CarFit event
Explain that drivers of the same car may require different
adjustments for optimal safety
Item #1
Sample Script/Role Play
15
Item 2: Safety Belt Check
Discomfort with belt
What we check: If the driver consistently uses the
vehicle’s safety belt and uses it correctly
Why we check: This is an opportunity to help drivers
understand the life saving benefits of the safety belt
Item 2: Safety Belt Check
Safety Belt: Also more commonly referred to as the seat
belt (both terms are correct)
Note comments from Check-in about use
If the driver is wearing the seat belt, ask if this is a habit
Provide education on why it is important to wear the seat
belt on every single ride
Item 2: The Safety Belt
Explain the lifesaving benefits of wearing the vehicle’s
seat belt
Reduces ejection
Helps keep person in place in the event of a crash
Helps absorb some of the energy forces from the
crash by allowing passenger to “ride-down” the
crash
It’s the law!
16
Item 2: The Safety Belt
Observe if the belt is being used correctly (over the shoulder--mid
collar bone, and low on the hips)
If placed behind the back or under the arm, injury may result
Ask the driver if the seat belt is comfortable and if they normally
use it
If the driver says it is uncomfortable or cutting across their neck,
make a note for the OT
Make the driver aware of the possible adjustments, show them
where they can adjust the safety belt
It is then the driver's choice to apply changes
Item 2: The Safety Belt
Also observe any problems the driver has in
turning/reaching for the safety belt and buckling it
correctly
Have the driver buckle & unbuckle the safety belt
several times
Make sure it retracts completely before re-buckling
If there are problems, note and refer to the OT to
address at check out
Take Initial Measurements
What we check: At this point, the Technician will take the initial
measurements of the driver-to-vehicle fit for steering wheel position
and line of sight by measuring the distance between the chest and
steering wheel, and the line of sight above the steering wheel
Why we check: Taking an initial measurement will provide us with
a guide as we check items #3-#6 on the checklist
17
How To Take Measurements
Distance between chest and steering wheel:
Either give the driver the ruler and ask them to do the measuring, or
do the measurement yourself
If taking measurement for the driver, use good judgment and be
careful to protect their personal space
To get this measurement, ask driver to look straight ahead and
place one end of the ruler/measuring tape about the middle of the
participants chest and place the other end on the middle of the
steering wheel
Note how many inches are
between the participant
and the steering wheel
in the space provided
How To Take Measurements
Line-of-Sight above steering wheel:
Ask the driver to look straight
ahead with hands on wheel in normal
driving position, and position yourself
at the driver’s eye level
Ask the driver to hold a ruler in a straight, horizontal line from the
eye level to the windshield
Using a second ruler, measure the distance from the first ruler to
the top of the steering wheel
Note both measurements on the checklist before proceeding
to item #3
Item #2
Sample Script/Role Play
18
Item 3: Steering Wheel Tilt & Airbag Position
Made recommendation
What we check: The steering wheel should be tilted at an
angle that allows the driver to have good forward vision,
unobstructed view of dashboard, and good control of the
wheel
Why we check: Many drivers do not know how to adjust
the tilt of the steering wheel and don’t understand the
clearance required between drivers and airbags
Item 3: Steering Wheel Tilt
Explain the reasons why the tilt of the steering wheel is
important
The airbag should be positioned pointing to the
driver’s chest, not their face, to minimize injury in the
event of a crash
The steering wheel should be at least 2 inches above
thigh to prevent injury to the legs
Driver should be able to reach the wheel easily, with
the arms slightly bent for comfort
Item 3: Steering Wheel Tilt
Look at steering wheel angle
Driver should be able to see gauges and speedometer
Based on the initial measurement, is the steering wheel
a safe distance from the driver?
10+ inches from chest to wheel is ideal for optimal safety
in the event of a crash
19
Item 3: Position to Airbag
Hands should be positioned at 9 and 3 o’clock OR at
the 8 and 4 o’clock positions to prevent injury to the
arms if the airbag deploys…most drivers are
accustomed to the “old way” of 10 and 2
Note! Some newer vehicles have hand controls—in this
case, the 8 and 4 o’ clock position is preferred
Don’t forget to provide education and review how to
make adjustments if they are needed
Item #3
Sample Script/Role Play
Item 4: The Head Restraint
What we check: If the driver’s head restraint is adjusted
properly
Why we check: A properly adjusted head restraint
protects drivers from whiplash and other injuries,
particularly if the vehicle is rear-ended
20
Item 4: Head Restraint
Check to see if the vehicle has an adjustable head
restraint and note Yes/No on the checklist
Educate on proper positioning for the head restraint
Explain that the recommended position is to optimize
protection in a crash, prevent whiplash and protect the
head/neck
Item 4: Head Restraint
Measure the distance from back of head
to head restraint for the driver
Height: Should be mid-ear
Distance: 2 ½ inches or less
from back of head (touching is fine)
Show driver how to reposition the
head restraint
Driver then chooses to make the
Adjustment to the head restraint
Item #4
Sample Script/Role Play
21
Item 5: Distance to Steering Wheel
10
Once adjustment was made, driver could no longer reach the pedals
What we check: Based on possible adjustments made
in #3, the measurement will be taken again to ensure a
safe distance between the chest and steering wheel
This is the second measurement, so it could differ from
the first measurement
Why we check: If the driver is too close, or cannot reach
the pedals, they may need to move their seat
Item 5: Distance to Steering Wheel
Explain to the driver why it’s vital to sit a safe distance from the
airbag
There should be at least 10 inches from your chest or to the
center of the steering wheel
You need this clearance because when the airbag deploys, it
fills with air and moves toward you like a big balloon
It only stays inflated for a quarter of a second, and the airbag
cushions the driver as it deflates
It deploys so quickly that many drivers don’t realize it until the
airbag is already deflated
It’s job is to protect you, but we need to ensure you are sitting
a safe enough distance away
Item 5: Distance to Steering Wheel
Use the ruler to take the second measurement, or allow the
driver to take the measurement
In addition to sitting at least 10 inches back from the airbag,
the driver should be able to position their seat so there is no
slack in the safety belt or difficulty in reaching the pedals
If an optimal adjustment cannot be made by moving the seat,
make a note for the OT to address at check out
22
Item #5
Sample Script/Role Play
Item 6: Line of Sight
4
What we check: If the driver has the proper line of sight over
the steering wheel for an adequate view of the road ahead
Again, this is the second measurement, so it could differ from
the first measurement
Why we check: Drivers may not realize that at least 3 inches
above the top of the steering wheel is ideal for a safe, straight
line of sight
Item 6: Line of Sight
Explain to the driver why a good line of sight is needed for
safety
If the driver has a proper line of sight over the steering
wheel, they have an adequate view of the road ahead
Experts agree that at least 3 inches above the top of the
steering wheel is ideal for a safe, straight line of sight
23
Item 6: Line of Sight
Use the method from earlier to measure the distance from the
first ruler to the top of the steering wheel
Record the distance in the space provided on the checklist
If the line of sight is less than 3 inches, suggest a seat
adjustment or steering wheel tilt adjustment
DO NOT adjust the seat for the participant, let the driver make
the adjustment
If adjustments to the seat and wheel tilt do not bring the driver’s
line of sight to 3 inches or more, note for the OT to address at
check out
Item #6
Sample Script/Role Play
Things To Consider…
Remember: When one adjustment is made, it may alter the
settings for another part of the vehicle
Example: Participant was sitting too close to the airbag, but
by moving the seat, they can no longer reach the pedals
Note for OT: If there is difficulty in finding an optimal fit,
always note for the OT to address at check out
Best Practice: The Event Coordinator is available to come to
your station to assist as needed—always involve the EC if
you feel uncomfortable or have questions regarding a
particular vehicle or check
24
Item 7: Position to Gas/Brake Pedal
What we check: If the driver can easily and effectively
depress the gas pedal without reaching, and if they can
move between gas and brake pedals without difficulty
Why we check: This check is an opportunity to make
drivers aware of safe, non-fatiguing pedal use
.
Item 7: Position to Gas/Brake Pedal
Caution: Be sure the engine is OFF
Ask driver to place hands on wheel and look straight
ahead at road
Position yourself so you can see the driver’s right foot
Is the ball of foot on the pedal? Can the driver reach
easily?
Driver should not strain to reach the pedals
Item 7: Position to Gas/Brake Pedal
Explain to the driver why we check this
Certain footwear – such as thick soles, high heels and
flip flops – can affect safe movement between pedals
Drivers should not need to fully extend their legs or
use their toes to depress the gas pedal through the
full range
Reaching in this manner can fatigue the leg muscles
25
Item 7: Position to Gas/Brake Pedal
With hands on the wheel, looking straight ahead, ask
the driver to move their foot from the gas to brake pedal
Is the driver able to move between the gas and brake
pedals without issue, using the “pivot” method?
Could the driver benefit from an adjustment? If so,
provide education
With your partner, check if the brake lights are in
working order
Note any areas for the OT to address at check out
Item #7
Sample Script/Role Play
Questions on 1-7?
26
Item 8: Mirror Adjustments
Driver could benefit from additional info on mirror adjustment
What we check: If the driver is able to use the
rearview and side view mirrors effectively to check blind
spots
Why we check: For older drivers, many crashes
involve merging and lane changing; proper use of
mirrors or the use of special mirrors can make these
maneuvers safer
Item 8: Mirror Adjustments
Work in pairs on items #8 and #9
This is the most involved part of the checklist and will
take the most time
First, observe if the vehicle has mirrors in good condition
(clean, not broken)
Item 8: Mirror Adjustments
Explain to the driver the importance of proper mirror adjustment
Many drivers have not been instructed to adjust mirrors correctly
and some drivers get into the bad habit of not using mirrors
We have already checked forward field of vision; equally important
are good side and rear views
Using the side view and rearview mirrors effectively requires that
each mirror be adjusted properly
The Blind spot Glare Elimination (BGE) Method can be
demonstrated during this item
If the driver is not able to obtain appropriate views through
adjusting mirrors, the OT can recommend solutions
27
Item 8: Side View Mirrors
Proper Adjustment:
It allows the driver to see along side and to the rear of
the vehicle
The traditional way adjusts the side mirror to just see
the edge of the vehicle
Mirrors are designed to warn the
driver when another vehicle is
entering the vehicle’s space cushion
Item 8: Checking Side Mirrors
Driver should have hands on wheel, in normal
driving position
Partner places himself even with the rear
bumper, and 3 feet to the side
Using only the mirrors, ask the driver to identify
the cue (the number of fingers your partner is
holding up at hip-level)
Item 8: Rearview Mirror
Proper Adjustment: Driver should be able to see
the edges of the rear window in the rearview mirror
Function: Rearview mirrors allow the driver to see
behind the vehicle
28
Item 8: Checking Rearview Mirror
At the rear of car, partner stands 10 feet back
Partner holds up 1, 2 or 3 fingers near hip-level
Driver identifies in rearview mirror while facing
forward with hands on wheel in normal driving
position
Item 8: Checking Blind Spots
Do this exercise to test blind spots
Checking for Blind Spots
Driver seated facing forward,
hands on wheel, uses side mirrors
Volunteer begins at starting point
at rear of car, then walks forward
slowly
Driver identifies when volunteer
“disappears” into blind spot using
side view mirror
Repeat this process with the other
side view mirror
Item 8: BGE Method
If mirrors were not sufficient in previous exercise, adjust
sideview mirrors using Blindspot Glare Elimination (BGE)
method:
For the driver’s side mirror, participant leans the left side of their
head against the driver’s side window and sets the mirror so
they can just see the side of the car
For the passenger’s side mirror, participant leans to the right so
their head is in the center of the car
and sets the mirror so it has
the same view
Confirm the new setting is correct
by repeating the blind spot check in
previous exercise
29
Item #8
Sample Script/Role Play
Reminder! Education is Key…
Changing mirror settings requires practice and
familiarization
It is recommended that mirror adjustments should be
done in gradual increments
Suggest home use of written handout as a guide for the
participant
If driver chooses to make adjustments, remind them that
the “feel” may be unfamiliar when they leave the check up
Those who would benefit from additional instruction about
mirrors should be referred to the OT
Item 9: Neck Mobility/Blind Spots
What we check: If the driver is able to identify visual
blind spots on both sides of the vehicle
Why we check: Some drivers do not have the mobility
of their head, neck or trunk to perform this vital task, and
an inability to check blind spots adequately when merging
and lane changing contributes to collisions
30
Item 9: Neck Mobility/Blind Spots
Explain to the driver that neck mobility and the
prevention of blind spots go hand-in-hand
Goal is to check for mobility in neck and check for
blind spots
Many drivers check only rearview and side view
mirrors and these mirrors may not be adjusted for the
best visibility
Visual awareness also depends on physical
ability/flexibility to rotate the neck and trunk
Item 9: Neck Mobility/Blind Spots
With hands on wheel in normal driving position, ask the
driver to turn to look at your partner (you want to be in their
blind spot at this point, so you may need to adjust where
you’re standing)
Ask the driver to identify the number of fingers partner is
holding up
Repeat the process on the right side
Note of caution! You are observing flexibility, there is no
need for the driver to repeat head turning multiple times
(doing so can lead to injury)
Note if the participant has any difficulty moving their
neck for the OT to address at check out
Item #9
Sample Script/Role Play
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Item 10: Ignition Key/System
What we check: If the driver is able to properly use the
ignition key or system
Why we check: There may be new techniques or
adaptive devices that improve the comfort and safety of
drivers experiencing difficulties
Item 10: Ignition Key/System
Explain to the driver why we check the ignition system
We are going to look at how they turn the engine on,
with a key or keyless system
Our goal is to identify any problems or discomfort they
may experience when performing this task
Item 10: Ignition Key/System
If the key is in the ignition, ask the driver to remove it
If not, ask the driver to put the key in the ignition and then
remove it
Ask the driver to put the key into the ignition and start the
vehicle
Use same method for keyless ignition
Ask driver if they have any difficulty with this task
Note any problems with mobility in the hand, wrist and
fingers that the OT can address at check out
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Item #10
Sample Script/Role Play
Item 11: Vehicle Controls
What we check: If the driver has difficulty operating the
secondary controls: wipers, turn signal, horn, and parking
brake
Why we check: There may be new techniques or devices
that improve safety and comfort
Item 11: Vehicle Controls
Explain to the driver:
Item 11 is done with the parking brake engaged and
engine on
Working in pairs, you will note any equipment failures
such as burnt out lights
You will note if there is any difficulty operating the
secondary controls: wipers, turn signal, horn, and
parking brake
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Item 11: Vehicle Controls
After going through the points in item 11, note any issues
for the OT to address at check out
Review the checklist for any missed items, and then ask
driver to sound their horn—it’s fun for the participant and it
alerts staff that a vehicle is on the move
Note on the checklist if the horn is in working order
Hand driver the clipboard and direct them to the check out
area
Item #11
Sample Script/Role Play
Check Out Station
Exit
This is the
last step
for the
participant
Check
Out
Check Up
Station
#1
Enter
Check Up
Station
#2
Check
In
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The OT or DRS conducts a vehicle
walk-around at check out using item
#12 on the checklist
Reviews the other checklist items and
addresses any concerns the
Technician has noted
Demonstrates adaptive device items
in the OT gadget kit
Discusses community resources and
reviews items in goody bag
Item 12: Vehicle Walk-Around
Key holder and walking cane
A few scratches on bumper—driver unaware. Reviewed in-depth handout for BGE mirror method and tire education
What we check: If the driver has any difficulties getting
out of the vehicle and walking around it
Why we check: This is an opportunity to observe any
concerns with the driver’s mobility and balance
and answer questions
Item 12: Vehicle Walk-Around
Explain to the driver:
Introduce yourself and briefly explain the role of an
Occupational Therapist at CarFit
In addition to vehicle walk around, you will provide
education on tires and review the handouts on tire
pressure and mirror settings that are in the goody bag
You will also discuss adaptive equipment and answer
any questions
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Item 12: Vehicle Walk-Around
Observe how the driver exits the vehicle; did this appear to
be painful or difficult?
Did the driver pull up using the door or seat for assistance?
Point out any issues related to tire condition or pressure
and review tire safety handout with participant
Point out any significant dents, scratches or cracks on the
vehicle and allow the driver the opportunity to share how
the damage occurred
Double-check the checklist for any missed concerns and
review the contents of the goodie bag with the driver
Item #12
Sample Script/Role Play
Check-Out Station
Thank driver for their participation and collect the forms
Driver Keeps:
Top copy of checklist
Goodie bag
We Keep:
Duplicate copy of checklist
Clipboard
t
Direct the driver to proceed with caution to
the exit of the parking lot
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Check-Out Station
During checkout, the OT discusses any items flagged
by the circled checkmark and responds to questions from the
driver
OT’s educate the driver about possible solutions and
resources—from the use of adaptive devices to considering a
driving rehabilitation program or education offered by driving
programs for mature operators
AAA and AARP offer driver safety programs/courses
Driver Rehabilitation Programs also offer specialized services
Helpful Tips…
The purpose of CarFit is to improve safety: if you
see something unsafe going on, report it to the
Event Coordinator
Don’t forget to explain why we do something
when reviewing a checklist item with a senior;
teachable moments are the moments they will
take home with them and remember
Wear your safety vest at all times –be safe: be
seen
Do not step in front of moving cars; even at slow
speeds
Helpful Tips…
Don’t listen to your iPod or MP3 player while working
an event – pay attention to what is going on around
you
If you have to make or take a phone call or send a
text, step away from where traffic may be moving
Remember your role at CarFit is to provide
education—never make a driver feel bad or
uncomfortable
Have Fun!!!
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Questions?
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