doclong bones
download 
Report Transcription
long bones
Classification of bones and joints Adam Koleśnik, MD Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Center of Biostructure Research Medical University of Warsaw The skeletal system Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Classification of bones • • • • • long bones - tubular short bones - cuboidal flat bones irregular bones – various shapes sesamoid bones – develop in certain tendons • pneumatized bones – containing air spaces Long bones Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition The femur @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Long bones Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Short bones @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Flat bones @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Structure of flat cranial bones @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Irregular bones @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Sesamoid bones @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Pneumatized bones Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Types of joints • Synovial joints • Fibrous joints • Cartilagineous joints • Osseous joints Types of joints • Synarthroses (immovable joints) ‒ synchondrosis (primary cartilaginous joint) ‒ synostosis • Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints) ‒ syndesmosis ‒ symphysis (secondary cartilaginous joint) • Diarthroses (freely movable joints) ‒ synovial joints Synchondrosis Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Synostosis @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Fibrous joints • cranial sutures • syndesmosis • gomphosis Cranial sutures @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Plane suture @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Squamous suture @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Limbous suture @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Serrate suture @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Denticulate suture @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Schindylesis @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Syndesmosis @ Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Gomphosis Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Symphysis Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Synovial joint Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Synovial joint components • articular surfaces / atricular cartilages • joint capsule • joint cavity Synovial joint Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Accessory components • ligaments – intrinsic – extrinsic • • • • • articular discs menisci labrum (glenoid, acetabular) bursae fat pads Extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Articular disc Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Menisci Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Labra Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Synovial bursae Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Complexity of synovial joints • simple (two articulating surfaces) • compound (more than two articulating surfaces) • complex (with menisci or articular discs) Terms of movement • translation – sliding without angulation or rotation • angulation – change in angle between axes of articulating bones – flexion – extension – abduction - adduction • axial rotation – movement around longitudinal axis of the bone • circumduction (combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction) Degrees of freedom • number of orthogonal axes around which the movements may be performed • number of possible translations in orthogonal axes (proximo-distal, anteroposterior, mediolateral) • there are three orthogonal axes → maximum three degrees of freedom Synovial joints • uniaxial – movements around one axis • biaxial – movements around two axes • multiaxial – movements around multiple axes Types of synovial joints Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 6th Edition Thank you for your attention