A Realistic Technology and Engineering Assessment of Algae

Transcription

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###
CO2
Screened
Wastewater
2o
Clarifiers
High Rate
Ponds
1o
Clarifiers
Sludge
CO2
Generator
Electricity
Recirculation
CH4
+
CO2
Digestate
Anaerobic
Digesters
Algae
Biomass
Treated
Wastewater
Algae Biomass
Gravity
Thickeners
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!
CO2
Screened Wastewater
Offsite Flue
Gas CO2
High Rate
Ponds
CO2
Digestate
Generator
Electricity
CH4
+
CO2
Anaerobic
Digesters
Recirculation
2o
Clarifiers
Blowdown
Algae Biomass
Gravity
Thickeners
Algae Biomass
Residuals
Prep. and
Solvent Oil
Extraction
Inputs
Unrefined
Oil
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Parameter
in dry ash–free biomass
Remarks/reference
>*2.*!-<),.//!?),%)/<'<)3
16!@6AB!CD!1@5AB!ED!.3:!A=F!@!
5="B!G!
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CN "!+'<*<K.'<)3
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7AB!)P&(.**!CN "!+'<*<K.'<)3!4+%'.M&!<3!
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C+((&3'*H!.?;<&P.-*&!')!0+'+(&!%()S&?'&:!
6A@5AA!Q2!;.@5!H@5!.33+.*!
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CN "!,<'<2.'<)3!+%)3!+'<*<K.'<)3
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!
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CATEGORY
CO2 EMISSIONS
Million Metric Ton/Year
Number
of
Sources
Ag Processing
6.3
140
Cement Plants
86.3
112
2,702.5
3,002
Ethanol Plants
41.3
163
Fertilizer
7.0
13
Industrial
141.9
665
Other
3.6
53
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Processing
90.2
475
Refineries/Chemical
196.9
173
3,276.1
4,796
Electricity Generation
Total
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Biomass:
3,900 mt/d from 49
400-ha Facilites
Evaporation & Losses:
23 - 59 MLD
WW Influent:
23 - 59 MLD
Algae Facility
400-ha Ponds
Algae:
28 - 135 mt/d
Spent Algae:
21 - 101 mt/d
Electricity:
-9 - 42 MWh/d
Effluent:
7 - 11 MLD
Silos
6,700 m3
Algae:
79 mt/d
Extraction
4,000 mt/d
Spent Algae:
59 mt/d
Oil:
6,753 bbl/d
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&*-&J!!<'-!+2!.6-!5+9.!9&$#'/9!2*+,!"&9-!D!#9!.6-!*-(;5-(!96&*-!+2!.6-!9+%$-'.!-K.*&5.#+'!2&5#%#.4!
5&1#.&%J!!G'!"&9-!U>!.6-!%&*/-*!-K.*&5.#+'!2&5#%#.4!#9!96&*-(!@#.6!S`!+.6-*!SHH"6&!&%/&-!2&5#%#.#-9>!
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!
!?S
!
!
Algae Settling Supernatant
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(Ave)
"7UDAAA
6DA[A
"D1"A
"DU6A
Evaporation/ Volatilization
(Max)
F17DAAA
OD"6A
FD11A
1D57A
Q (m3/d)
CO2 (kg/d)
CO2-C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(Ave)
F"D1AA
FUDAAA
7DO"A
1AU
Supernatant of Algae Settling
(Max)
11D"AA
65DO6A
5FD7OF
6AO
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
Make-Up Wastewater
Q (m3/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(Ave)
11DOAA
5DO1A
5D6UA
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
Blowdown
(Max)
FUADAAA
OD1OA
FD66A
1DF"A
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
Total Effluent
(Max)
67DFAA
"DF5A
"DA[A
Algae High Rate Ponds
Digester Effluent
(Ave)
FD6UA
F[D7AA
5UDUAA
FD[AA
(Ave)
FA6DAAA
6D"1A
"D17A
"DOFA
(Ave)
F5"DAAA
5A6DAAA
17D[AA
ODO5A
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
CO2 (kg/d)
CO2-C (kg/d)
(Ave)
511DAAA
F[D[[A
2° Clarifiers
CO2 (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(Ave)
UDU1A
77DUAA
1ODFAA
1D7[A
Electricity From
Biogas (MWh/d)
Algae Gravity
Thickeners
(Max)
O5
(Max)
1DFFA
5DU7A
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(Ave)
FD5UA
71DOAA
16DAAA
1DOFA
(Max)
1D6AA
5F6DAAA
U1D5AA
UDO1A
Drying Beds
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
5A5
(Ave)
FD17A
1D7[A
"DFOA
"17
Dried Algae Flakes
(Max)
1D7OA
OD5AA
FDFOA
F66
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(10 mo. avg.)
55[
71DOAA
16DAAA
FD66A
(Max)
5U7
5F6DAAA
U1D5AA
6DAUA
Biogas
(Max)
556DAAA
F5D5AA
Q (m3/d)
CO2 (kg/d)
CH4 (kg/d)
CTotal (kg/d)
(Ave)
F6D5AA
""D1AA
56D1AA
5ODUAA
(Max)
6ADAAA
F"DAAA
"5D7AA
"6D5AA
Anaerobic Digesters
Evaporation
Q (m3/d)
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
(10 mo. avg.)
O"
O5DAAA
FFDOAA
FD66A
Spent Algae (12 mo. avg.)
Silos at Pond Site
(Max)
5AF
5A5DAAA
1[D5AA
6DAUA
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
O"
67D"AA
"[D5AA
"D7UA
(10 mo. avg.)
""
(Max)
Centralized Solvent
Extraction Facility
F5
Flash Dryer & Silos at
Pond Site
Dried Algae (12 mo. avg.)
Q (m3/d)
Biomass (kg/d)
C (kg/d)
N (kg/d)
7O
O[D7AA
FOD6AA
"D7UA
Unrefined Oil from 1 400-ha Site
Q (m3/d)
Oil (kg/d)
Oil (bbl/d)
C (kg/d)
!
M&.62#!U8=dN!!A$(#2>!Q&-3$''>!$,0!,6(2&#,(!3$''!Q$%$,)#!4-2!@$'#!U8!!!,,6$%!$V#2$.#!$,0!3$W&363!4%-P'!$2#!'+-P,8!!
C+.-W!Z#/;*-!#9!2+*,&..-(!2+*!!!Y!K!!aY!1&/-!9#P-J!!I6-!&%/&-!2&5#%#.4!+1-*&.-9!!H!,+'.69!1-*!4-&*>!=;.!.6-!-K.*&5.#+'!2&5#%#.4!
+1-*&.-9!!?!,+'.69!1-*!4-&*J!!I6-*-2+*->!&$-*&/-!2%+@9!/+#'/!#'.+!&'(!+;.!+2!9.+*&/-!9#%+9!&*-!+'!&!!?!+*!!H!,+'.6!&$-*&/-!=&9#9J!
C&.;*&%!/&9!#'1;.9!2+*!2%&96!(*4-*!&'(!9+%$-'.9!2+*!5-'.*&%#P-(!9+%$-'.!-K.*&5.#+'!2&5#%#.4!&*-!'+.!96+@'J
!
(Ave)
FDA1A
5D5[A
Q (m3/d)
N (kg/d)
Supernatant of Gravity Thickener
(Ave)
Spent Algae
Mass Balance of Carbon,
Nitrogen, and Water for Case 5.
(400 ha algae facility)
Evaporation/ Volatilization
Subnatant of Gravity Thickener
(Max)
7D1OA
51"DAAA
UOD1AA
OD5AA
Electricity
Generator
(Max)
"AODAAA
66D[7A
External Flue Gas
(Ave)
O7DFAA
"5D1AA
(Max)
5AD[AA
""1
5AU
5FA
Subnatant of Algae Settling
(Max)
FU[DAAA
517DAAA
O5DAAA
7DU1A
Total Flue Gas
(Max)
6DAOA
66D1AA
"FDOAA
6D15A
(Ave)
7D56A
56O
O6
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A Realistic Technology and Engineering Assessment of Algae

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