Current Bulletin - Adath Shalom Congregation
Transcription
Current Bulletin - Adath Shalom Congregation
Bulletin Adath Shalom Congregation 31 Nadolny Sachs Drive Private, Ottawa, ON, K2A 1R9 www.adath-shalom.ca September 1 – November 30 2016 28 Av 5776 – 29 Cheshvan 5777 PUBLIC EDITION OF ADATH SHALOM BULLETIN What you are about to read now is a redacted version of the full Adath Shalom Bulletin that has been distributed to the Adath Shalom Congregation membership. For privacy reasons, all email addresses and phone numbers have been removed. Also some other material identifying shul members has been removed. If you are a member of Adath Shalom looking for a replacement copy of the Bulletin, please contact me, Peter Wolfe, the Bulletin Editor (at [email protected]) and I will email you the full version. If you are interested in learning more about Adath Shalom, feel free to browse the shul website. Specific information about the shul is found at http://www.adath-shalom.ca/brochure.htm Thanks, Peter Wolfe Adath Shalom Bulletin Editor 1 Bulletin Adath Shalom Congregation 31 Nadolny Sachs Drive Private, Ottawa, ON, K2A 1R9 www.adath-shalom.ca September 1 – November 30, 2016 28 Av 5776 – 29 Cheshvan 5777 UPCOMING EVENTS All Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot Events at the Soloway JCC, except for the Oct. 8, Oct. 17, Oct. 22, and Oct. 24 services which are at the Jewish Community School (JCS) Chapel Sunday Sep. 25 Sunday Oct. 2 11:00am Congregational visit to the New Jewish Cemetery. Please confirm with Joel Yan at 613-224-4560, or [email protected]. See note on page 5 for more details 6:20pm Erev Rosh Hashanah Monday Oct. 3 & Tuesday Oct. 4 Rosh Hashanah Days 1 and 2. 8:30am Morning Service. 11:25am RH Day 1 (time approximate) Youth Program: For children from 8 to 13 years led by Rabbi Hamerman 11:25am RH Day 2 (time approximate) Teen Organized Youth Activity: For children from 8 to 13 years 4:25pm RH Day 1 for Tashlich: meet at SJCC, or 4:55pm RH Day 1 meet at north end of Fraser Street 6:00pm RH Day 1 and 2 Mincha, followed by learning session with Rabbi Hamerman, followed by Ma’ariv Saturday Oct. 8 Shabbat Shuvah Tuesday Oct. 11 Erev Yom Kippur 5:33pm Mincha 5:58pm Kol Nidre (sharp) Yom Kippur 9:45am Service in the Jewish Community School (or JCS) Chapel Wednesday Oct. 12 9:00am Morning Service Yizkor starts some time between 11:30 and 12:15 12:15pm (time approximate) Youth Program: For children from 8 to 13 years led by Rabbi Hamerman Monday Oct. 17 Saturday Oct. 22 Monday Oct. 24 5:00pm 5:30pm 7:24pm 7:40pm 9:45am 9:45am 9:45am 6:45pm Study session with Rabbi Hamerman Mincha Shofar Blowing End of Services Sukkot I Service in JCS Chapel with Hallel, Lulav and Etrog Shabbat Hol Hamoed Sukkot in JCS Chapel with Hallel Shemini Atzeret Service in JCS Chapel: with Hallel and Yizkor Simchat Torah Service in JCS Chapel NOTE: Childcare will be available 10am to 12:30pm for RH Day1 and 2, and YK. All ages will be in the Teen Lounge. A youth program for grades 2 and up will take place with the Rabbi. Children under the age of 2 should be accompanied by a parent or sibling. All children and youth should be either in the Teen Lounge or in the adult service. Please discourage children from socializing in the hallways Snack will be served around noon for RH Day 1 and 2 and YK in Teen Lounge. 2 PRESIDENT’S REPORT During the dog days of summer, the news feeds blasting in from the South were replaced by the Olympics and the Canadian wins. The Summer Olympics are done for the next four years, there is a bite to the morning air, the Americans are counting the days until their moment in history (the elections), and we are counting down our days to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Elul (the season for reflection) has just begun and the High Holy Days are still part of future thinking yet I am making my calls and sending my emails to organize aliyot. How to step into the mode of reflection that engages us prior to and during the High Holy Days when focused on the tasks required to make it happen? Watch your thoughts, for they become words. Watch your words, for they become actions. Watch your actions, for they become habits. Watch your habits, for they become character. Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny. UPCOMING EVENTS October 29 Autumn Shabbaton with Shawna Dolansky: Fall of Eve See article on page 6 for details. November 12 Shabbat Project – Details to come. Thoughts, words, actions – since coming across this maxim while preparing a dvar, it has continued to challenge me. One of the constants in Jewish tradition is “it is not what you think, but what you do that counts” – i.e. intentions are not actions UPCOMING BOARD MEETING Yet this maxim would have us reconsider the extent to which dwelling on a thought, idea or notion can in fact influence our words and our behavior. And despite the fact that we are told actions count, one has only to read the third verse of the Sh’ma to realize that thoughts are very important: (3:00 to 5:00pm) October 9 at the home of Elaine Vininsky and Andrew Oakes And they shall be tzitzit for you, and when you look at them you will remember all of the Lord's commandments and do them and not follow after your heart and after your eyes which lead you astray. (Bamidbar 15:39) How we think is not always clear. Will Durant, writer, historian, and philosopher, once said, “The trouble with most people is that they think with their hopes or fears or wishes rather than with their minds.” In other words, our thoughts are filtered through our attitudes, perceptions, experiences, and even the weather! When we have a thought how often do we stop to question or analyze it? In the realm of nonviolent communication, – we are encouraged to think of ourselves as having two different ways of thinking from which to choose. The first does not require “thinking” but is to pursue our judgmental or habitual thought patterns. Habitual thought patterns can be useful at times - it means that not a lot of “thinking” effort is required for, say, making coffee in the morning or getting off at a familiar bus stop. This is habitual thinking. Unfortunately, this same habitual thinking that helps us through the day can lead us astray. Habitual (judgmental) thoughts influence all we do and think, and especially affect how we relate to ourselves, our families and others close to us. The second requires deeper “thinking” as it requires us to pursue awareness of the feelings and needs connected to what we are thinking. To quote the actor Alan Alda, “Begin challenging your own assumptions. Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won't come in.” The Center for Nonviolent Communication trainer Thom Bond, provides a stratagem for dealing with our “off-thecuff and in-the-moment judgments. He calls the process of letting judgments run (in our minds) as “enjoying the judgment show.” By “watching” our judgments and seeing them as preliminary information, and not as truth, we are ultimately able to “scrub” them and reconsider what we were about to say or do. Instead of being in habitual mode, we have an opportunity, with greater awareness, to reconsider what we were about to say or do. As we prepare to enter into our season of reflection, may you be open to the challenges life bestows. May this new Jewish year (5777) bring you and your loved ones healing and transformation. Shanah Tovah Umetukah Susan Landau-Chark 3 BOARD MEETING SUMMARY ADATH SHALOM POLICY: USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES ON SHABBAT On August 7, the Board convened for its first meeting of the 2016-2017 year. David Brooks was welcomed as our newly “elected “Trustee-at-Large”. Passed unanimously by the Board 07 August 2016 Harry Binks of Binks Insurance, spoke to the issue of risk reduction and due diligence. As noted at our recent AGM, the Board has committed to obtaining Officers and Directors Liability and to the purchasing of insurance that reflects our status as a place of worship. Preamble Ordinarily Adath Shalom’s Ritual Committee operates only at the behest of the Board. However, in this case an issue was brought to the Committee about inappropriate use of electronic devices on Shabbat by a few members of the congregation. Therefore, it seemed wise to develop a formal policy so that everyone knows what practice is expected by Adath Shalom. Only one portion of the draft policy was controversial, as indicated below. Elaine Vininsky, the Congregation’s liaison to the Jewish Federation of Ottawa, presented an overview of the results of Measuring Success (see http://www.measuringsuccess.com). In April 2016, Federation surveyed families with young children “to better understand the choices families make around Jewish engagement by exploring their needs, interests and barriers to participation.” Daniel Chiat and Sacha Litman of Measuring Success provided the results to the Federation. Out of the known 600 Jewish families with young children (ages 0-6) in the Ottawa area, there were 322 responses from 295 households (in some cases, each parent responded) representing about 50 per cent of these households. One of the key issues for families seemed to be transportation: anything longer than a 25-minute bus ride was deemed a deterrent to program attendance. The other point that surfaced was the use of financial incentives to encourage membership. These were viewed as temporal at best and not as conducive as good programming to maintain membership. Halakhah The Halakhah on the issue of use of electrical and electronic devices on Shabbat is clear. They are prohibited. A long and closely written position paper by R. Daniel S. Nevins on this subject was adopted on 31 May 2012 by the Rabbinic Assembly’s Committee on Jewish Law and Standards by an overwhelming majority of 17-22. Key portions of the summary on page 54 read as follows: The operation of any appliance which records data— whether text, audio or images—is banned under the category of toledat koteiv, a derivative form of writing. Most consumer electronics fall within this category and are therefore incompatible with Shabbat observance. While a comprehensive ban on all uses of electricity may be justified as a fence around the Torah, some uses are not only permissible but even positively indicated. Certainly any action needed to save a life— even if it involves biblically banned forms of melakhah— may be permitted under the rubric of pikuah nefesh. Actions which are forbidden under the authority of rabbinic law must be avoided unless they are required for the preservation of human dignity. In some cases such actions may also be indicated in order to avoid waste and excessive exertion. The balancing of these norms is complex and requires consultation with halakhic experts based on the particulars of any given situation and appliance. The study also rated synagogue satisfaction. Since 15 or more responses from a given congregation are needed in order for the Federation to evaluate this information, Adath Shalom has too few families with young children for us to participate at this level. The Board will also be signing Adath Shalom’s first lease with the Jewish Community Campus once the present draft is finalized. Adath Shalom now has a policy on the use of electronic devices on Shabbat (NO). Please see the following article by David Brooks. Our next Board meeting is Sunday, October 9. As always, meetings are open. If you have any ideas, concerns, suggestions you wish to bring to the Board please contact Elaine Vininsky or me. Having said that, it is evident from exchanges on the USCJ1 Ritual List that many congregations find it difficult to monitor and enforce their policies. As a result, practice varies widely, at least for a minority of people in some congregations. Susan Landau-Chark Policy 1) Use of any electronic device is prohibited on any Shabbat or Yom Tov at Adath Shalom. This prohibition applies to all devices including those devices used for communications, for photography, for games, etc. 2) This rule applies to the sanctuary, to the corridors adjacent to the sanctuary, the rest rooms, and the kiddush room. 2 It does not apply outside the 1 2 USCJ is United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism The one significant dissent from the general policy concerned whether use of an electronic device inside the Kiddush room for 4 building, but congregants are urged to have consideration for others when using devices outside. Should some portion of the building happen to be used by another group on Shabbat, no effort will be made to enforce the prohibition in areas used by such a group. 3) An exception to the general prohibition applies to medical people and people with urgent family issues, but they are requested to set their devices to vibration mode so that a call will not disturb other congregants. will again start services at 9:45, say Hallel and also hold a Yizkor service. During Sukkot we plan to have our Kiddushim in one of the special Sukkot on the Jewish campus. Then we wrap it up with a fun-filled Simchat Torah service beginning at 6:45 PM on the same evening, Oct. 24. Please join us for lots of music, singing and dancing with the Torah scrolls as we complete the cycle of reading the Torah and immediately renew the cycle by reading the first section of the Torah from Bereshit. Please join us for this fun-filled service and bring your children and grandchildren. Ice cream and special treats will be served. As a result of the proliferation of small electronic devices, it is recommended to the Board that a sizeable sign, prepared in English and French, indicating that use of electronic devices is prohibited on Shabbat, be placed in the sanctuary and nearby areas. Members are encouraged to attend services at Kehillat Beth Israel on the holydays where we will not be holding services, specifically on the second day of Sukkot (Oct. 18) and on Simchat Torah day, October 25. Their service begins at 9 AM on these days. David Brooks Joel Yan, Co-Chair, Ritual Committee KEVER AVOT - CEMETERY VISIT It is traditional to visit the graves of your loved ones before or during the High Holyday period. Our shul's annual visit to the cemetery will be held on Sunday September 25. We will meet at the entrance to the New Jewish cemetery in Osgoode at 11 AM. We would like to have a minyan so that we can say Kaddish at each grave of our members' families. We will also be singing a special prayer for our loved ones, El Malei Rachamim, at each grave. ADATH SHALOM HAS RECEIVED AND WILL START USING SIDDUR LEV SHALEM Over the last few months, you probably have noticed that several of us have started using a large red Siddur in shul. This is Siddur Lev Shalem for Shabbat and Festivals, a new improved siddur produced by the Rabbinical Assembly. Members are encouraged to read the extensive text and view the videos on the Rabbinical Assembly website as to why they chose to produce a new siddur only 30 years after Siddur Sim Shalom was released. (See http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/story/sim-shalom-levshalem) In short this siddur is more engaging to most of our members – with improved translations, more transliterations, lovely alternative modern versions of many prayers, and extensive teaching materials that explain the origin and history of the prayers. There will also be a dedication of the headstone for our member Peter MacNeil. Joel Yan SUKKOT AND SIMCHAT TORAH AT ADATH SHALOM Adath Shalom will celebrate the joyous holiday of Sukkot for eight days starting on the evening of Sunday Oct. 16. To celebrate this holiday, we are encouraged to build a sukkah and acquire a lulav and etrog. At the Annual General Meeting, the congregation approved the shul purchase of 20 copies of this siddur, and encouraged members to donate copies of the siddur and purchase their own. Well, with thanks to many shul members who responded; close to 30 copies of this siddur were donated by our generous members. See the list of generous donors elsewhere in this bulletin (in box on page Error! Reference source not found.Error! Reference so urce not found.Error! Bookmark not defined.). We particularly thank Mary Pressman, the Brodos, the Krigers and the Sobels who each donated at least four siddurim. The copies have now arrived, the bookplates prepared by Michael Caplan have been inserted and the books are Adath Shalom will hold services on Monday, October 17th at 9:45 where we will sing Hallel with joyous lively participation from our shul choir and have hakafot or processions with the lulav and etrog. Sukkot is a wonderful family holiday where we are instructed to be “Ach sameach” – completely happy. There is a procession in synagogues during each of the eight days of Sukkot. Come to shul to perform the mitzvah of benching lulav and etrog. The eighth day of Sukkot (Monday October 24) is a holiday onto itself called Shemini Atzeret. On this day, we showing pictures of, for example, family events or recent holidays was not just consistent with normal Shabbat activities but also to be encouraged as the one time in a normal week when the congregation gets together informally. The dissent was rejected by the majority of people who commented on this text as too big an exception and one that was open to inappropriate extension. 5 now in our cabinet for use. I have prepared a concordance table listing the page numbers in both siddurim for our normal payer service on Shabbat morning. The Gabbaiim will be meeting shortly to plan how best to convert our normal practice from use of Sim Shalom to Lev Shalem. AUTUMN SHABBATON WITH SHAWNA DOLANSKY OCTOBER 29 Parshat Bereshit (There will be two sessions – Dvar during morning services and after lunch) I want to thank David Steinberg who helped me review this siddur and has also agreed to prepare a list of exemplary content pieces. We will be using this list in the form of twominute teaching sessions over the next few months as we explore the richness of this new siddur. Thanks to Andrew Oakes and Elaine Vininsky for handling the donations and for receiving the four boxes of books at their home. The Fall of Eve A talking snake, magic trees, and the name of earth’s first woman are just some of the clues that Eden has an interesting back-story, rooted in ancient Near Eastern mythology, that differs markedly from its final written version recorded in the Bible. Comparative literature reveals a hidden tale of a goddess demoted and estranged from her once powerful symbols of fertility and life in this reconstruction of the pre-history of Adam and Eve. Carol Levithan suggests on the Rabbinical Assembly website, that “perhaps it is the rapid pace of change in contemporary life that accounts for the creation of a new Conservative siddur only 30 years after Sim Shalom. But along with the rapid pace of change we must credit the creativity of a movement that produced the extraordinary Mahzor Lev Shalem just four years ago. We can expect that the same set of principles – intellectual integrity, authenticity and relevance to the time – that guided those who created the earlier Conservative movement prayer books continue to be the source of inspiration for those who are working to create this new prayer book. “ Professor Dolansky specializes in Biblical Studies, with a focus on the history and religions of Israel and the ancient Near East and the development of the Hebrew Bible. Her research incorporates the tools of literary criticism, comparative religion, historical study, anthropology, archaeology, political science and classics in order to understand the worlds of the original authors and audiences of the biblical texts, and the subsequent development of Judaism and Christianity out of ancient Israelite religious beliefs and practices. I feel that the editors of the new Siddur Lev Shalem have produced a very engaging, relevant and inspiring siddur. I encourage you all to pick it up and use it as a source of inspiration to greater depth and learning and enhanced kavanah in our prayer at Adath Shalom. Be’shalom, Joel Yan Co-Chair, Ritual Committee Shawna Dolansky BECOME A PRAYER LEADER HEALING LIST Adath Shalom is looking to increase the roster of members who can lead parts of our normal shabbat service. We particularly are hoping to increase the members who can lead all or parts of the Psukei d'zimra service and Shacharit service. Coaching is available from myself and other members of our wonderful shul. If there is interest by several people, I would also be willing to organize a short course in prayer leadership or davenology (as Reb Zalman called it). I offered such a course with help from Susan about five years ago and it was well attended. If you are interested in either learning opportunity, please contact me. Do you have someone who you are close to who is seriously ill and for whom you would like to have a healing prayer read out in shul on shabbat? Adath Shalom Ritual Committee maintains a list of names that are read out by the Gabbai on most shabbatot when the Mi-shebarach healing prayer is said during the Torah reading service. If you wish to have a name added to this list, please call or email me. Joel Yan, Co-chair, Ritual, Joel Yan, Co-chair, Ritual, 6 RABBI SHIMSHON HAMERMAN TO LEAD UPCOMING HIGH HOLIDAYS SERVICES (2016) Adath Shalom is pleased to announce that Rabbi Doctor Shimshon Hamerman, from Montreal, will again be our spiritual leader for this year's High Holiday services — beginning Sunday evening, October 2. Rabbi Hamerman is a respected community leader and educator in the Montreal Jewish community. Currently the Executive Director of the Bronfman Jewish Education Center, he was the Principal and Head of School at Solomon Schechter Academy, for 20 years until his retirement two years ago. He also held the position of Chazzan at Tifereth Beth David Jerusalem for 21 years. With an eclectic background, including a B.Sc. in Mathematics (Yeshiva University), a Masters of Operations Research (NYU) and a PHD in Theology/Bible from l’Université de Montréal, and smicha from the former Chief Rabbi of Montreal, Rabbi Hirschprung, Rabbi Hamerman brings an abundance of energy, enthusiasm and serious credentials in pedagogy and Torah scholarship to his audiences. He has served as the auxiliary High Holiday Rabbi at the Share Zion Synagogue for a number of years and often steps in to officiate, lead services or deliver Divrei Torah at other congregations. This is but a small excerpt from his resume which includes numerous other accomplishments and contributions to community life In Montreal. Rabbi Hamerman recently returned from Israel and Poland, where he served as spiritual leader to the Montreal contingent of March of the Living. At this critical juncture in Ottawa's Jewish education saga, we invite the community at large to join Adath Shalom members as Rabbi Hamerman shares his experiences with Jewish education in Canada. We hope to glean some wisdom from his successful leadership of Solomon Schechter Academy. In Montreal, Rabbi Hamerman has inspired thousands of children over the years, and has encouraged their teachers and parents to reach for a higher level of involvement in community, knowledge and spirituality. Three years ago, he led a memorable Shabbaton at Adath Shalom, where he focused on Shabbat liturgy and shed new light on the prayers and rituals we perform routinely (and often by rote). He helped us better understand the liturgical structure, context and meaning of the prayers. Rabbi Hamerman has a lovely voice and although he will be in Ottawa in the capacity of spiritual leader, we hope to be treated to some new melodies to enrich our lay led services. Rabbi Hamerman is the consummate educator. His knowledge of Jewish ethics and values is firmly based in an in-depth knowledge of biblical and Talmudic texts, yet he is able to relate at both cultural and spiritual realms with both practising and secular Jews. His down-to-earth presentation style, peppered with a vast store of practical examples and (clean) jokes will inspire everyone present to do more and be better Jews and individuals. Three sermons are planned for the High Holidays, as well as an opportunity for learning aimed at the youth of the Congregation. Among the topics Rabbi Hamerman is considering are Chessed (loving kindness) as a hallmark of the Jewish Ethos, and Israel: God, Land and People. It should be a stimulating and informative holiday for all. Rosalie Fox and Lawrence Wolofsky 7 ON THE HUNT FOR A KIDDUSH CO-ORDINATOR TAX HINT Did you know that there is a tax advantage in donating publicly-traded shares to Adath Shalom? If your shares would attract a taxable capital gain upon sale, the incentive for donating them instead is that no capital gains tax would be payable and a charitable donation receipt would be provided. Please contact our Controller Brenda Rosenberg for more information We all enjoy sitting together after Shabbat services and enjoying a good snack. Accordingly, we depend on the Kiddush co-ordinator to ensure that all are sated. I have done this job in the past and am currently acting in this position. I won’t pretend that it’s an easy task, but it will suit a detail-oriented person. A prospective candidate will have ample assistance from me and there are others who can help purchase supplies. Here are the duties involved with this position: Brenda Rosenberg 1) Maintain a roster of volunteers who will shop for Kiddush every three months, and e-mail them when the dates need to be filled. Once complete, send to all volunteers in chart format if possible. Also, send a copy to Bulletin editor for publication before deadline. The president and vice-president should be informed of any last minute changes. 2) Check supplies and keep cupboard filled with staples. i.e. napkins, plates, plastic cutlery, clear plastic cups, small cups for wine, juices, wine and grape juice for blessings. 3) Familiarize yourself with Adath Shalom’s Kiddush policy, which is posted on the website at www.adath-shalom.ca and answer shoppers’ queries on kashrut symbols. Additional information about kashrut is available from the Ottawa Vaad HaKashrut at www.ovhkosher.ca. They can also provide a mashgiach when the congregation self-caters an event that includes people from outside of our membership. 4) Let shoppers know if anything is needed for a special Kiddush from the sponsor(s) of the day. Financial Secretary will send you the list of sponsors. 5) Keep track of Bar/Bat Mitzvah dates and ask liaison about catering plans. 6) Communicate with vice-president and president if problems come up with set up person relating to preparation or clean up. 7) Set-up person normally counts the number of congregants in order to prepare wine/juice. Keep this information handy (a spreadsheet is recommended) for the annual Kiddush report and convey it to the Ritual Committee, as they also keep statistics about each Shabbat service. 8) Ask set-up person about leftovers (or check the refrigerator) and convey this information to next week’s shopper to save on purchases. N.B If a holiday (Sukkot, Shmini Atzeret, Simchat Torah and Shavuot) falls close to the Sabbath, the special events coordinator may want the Kiddush shopper to purchase extra food for the holiday. Elaine Vininsky 8 MERCAZ-Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Masorti Judaism wish you, along with your family and friends, a happy, healthy, and peaceful new year filled with renewed determination in our continuing support for Israel. May the year 5777 bring peace and security to Israel and the Jewish community around the world. When you support MERCAZ and the CFMJ, you ♦ Support Pluralism in Israel ♦ Maintain Programs for Youth ♦ Maintain our Strength in Global Jewish Organizations ♦ Continue Education Programs in Canada To join: phone, mail or go to our website: http://www.mercaz.ca/signup.html Full Name(s):______________________________________________________________________________________ Partner’s Name:___________________________________________________________________________________ Address (include city and postal code):_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Email (you and your partner, so we can update you when news happens):____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Telephone: ( _____ ) ______- _________ Synagogue: ___________________________________________________ Other family members with email:____________________________________________________________________ With your membership, you can also donate to The Canadian Foundation for Masorti Judaism, to support our programs in Israel. Donations to CFMJ over $10.00 are eligible for tax receipts. Number of adults _______ at $18 = $ _________ Number of youth _______ at $ 9 = $ _________ CFMJ donation $ _________ TOTAL: $ _________ Payment: Cheque (make payable to MERCAZ-Canada: 55 Yeomans Road, Toronto, Ontario M3H 3J7) Credit card: ________ ________ ________ _________ exp: _____ /______ Name on card: ___________________________________ Signature: ______________________________________ 9 10