Rostrum - British Association of Social Workers
Transcription
Rostrum - British Association of Social Workers
Rostrum July 2013 The voice of social work in Scotland Number 113 Guth obair shoisealta ann an Alba obituary Nick Baxter MediaWatch Sex on Wheels Silencing the facts of abuse The moral outrage over young mums Rostrum Conference SASW MHO Forum Annual Study Conference Supporting MHOs in a Changing World Tuesday, 1 October 2013 Perth Concert Hall Social Work is changing but people will still need support provided by MHOs at times of mental ill health. This year’s Annual Study Conference will focus on ensuring that, in changing structures, ethical practice will have its place. There will be contributions from Scottish Government, the Mental Welfare Commission, the Mental Health Tribunals for Scotland and people who use services, as well as a number of workshops to look at current issues. We will also present this year’s Wilma MacDonald Award for SASW MHO of the Year. (See advert on Back Page) We are able to offer TWO FREE PLACES to every local authority, with additional places to be offered at £60 per delegate. The SASW MHO Forum Steering Group wish to acknowledge and thank the Scottish Government Mental Health and Protection of Rights Division for their continuing financial support of this event. For further information and booking form: [email protected] 2 Rostrum Production team Editor David Mitchell Editorial Group Ronnie Barnes, Charlene Gay, Neil Hume, Gordon Lockerbie, Matt McGregor, Ruth Stark Contents 4 Don’t keep your distance, urges Holman Campaigner Bob Holman calls for social workers to get closer to their clients David Mitchell 5 SASW’s Social Worker Manager is recognised in Queen’s Birthday Honours List Ruth receives MBE for services to social work Administration Johan Grant Design Smallprint Services 7 The social work voice Printing Barr Printers Ruth Stark reflects on how we can make our voice heard in a climate of change SASW officers Convener Graeme Rizza Treasurer Gordon Lockerbie Social Worker Manager Ruth Stark MBE Development Officer Tim Parkinson National Administrator Johan Grant SASW 3rd Floor, Princes House, 5 Shandwick Place, Edinburgh, EH2 4RG Tel: 0131 221 9445 Fax: 0131 221 9444 Email: [email protected] Website: www.basw.co.uk/rostrum 6 A better understanding Sandy Riddell, Director of Education and Social Care, Moray Council and President, ADSW 8 Diverging or merging? Criminal justice in England and Scotland Tim Parkinson 9 Ruth Stark 10 Development matters Tim Parkinson, SASW Development Officer 11 A week in the life of... Editorial Board members Would you like to join Rostrum’s Editorial Board? We are keen to hear from students, front line workers, basic grade and senior workers willing to help shape the voice of social work in Scotland. Contact the Editor at: [email protected] Hannah Hawthorn, Criminal Justice Social Worker, Scottish Borders Council 12 - Silencing the facts of sexual abuse 13 Sarah Nelson describes the public pillorying of very young mothers and reveals how the very laws aimed at protecting children can conceal rape and abuse 14 Study notes Catherine Murray, Masters Degree in Social Work, Robert Gordon University 15 On the front line Joe McConnell, Youth Worker, Barn Youth Centre, Glasgow 16 Support networks Sarah Roberts, Child and Family Support Manager, Families Outside 17 Obituaries Roger Kent Nick Baxter Ruth Stark Wanted… Parliamentary business 18 The text factor Alison Gordon, Community Social Work Manager, North Lanarkshire Council 19 MediaWatch Sex on Wheels Charlene Gay, Community Care Worker, Falkirk Council 20 - Book reviews 21 Bill Grieve, Jessica Proctor, Mike Martin, Mark Hardy 22 Publications for review The views expressed in Rostrum are not necessarily those of the Editor or of SASW July 2013 23 Diary Dates, Branch News, BASW Committees, SASW Office 24 Nominate for the Wilma MacDonald Award for SASW MHO of the Year 3 Rostrum Don’t keep your distance, urges Holman David Mitchell Social workers should never distance themselves from the people they are trying to help, according to campaigner Bob Holman. The former social worker and Christian Socialist was giving the Morag Faulds Memorial Lecture on “Champions Bob Holman: Set for Children: an example Five child care pioneers and their modern relevance” at the University of the West of Scotland. Speaking to a predominantly young audience, he outlined the work of Marjory Allen, Barbara Kahan, John Stroud, Clare Winnicott and Peter Townsend who - like Morag Faulds contributed significantly to child care practice and policy after 1940. Mr Holman, who has lived and worked on council housing estates in Bath and Easterhouse, said: “These five champions set an example in that they never distanced themselves from those they wanted to help. “These days, it can be difficult for chief officers and academics to listen to those for whom they have some responsibilities. Social and educational services have become so large that those in command cannot find the time or energy to mix with them.” Evidence also suggested that MPs were increasingly lacking in understanding of people on welfare or low wages. “A neglected report, Speaker’s Conference on Parliamentary Representation, shows that the number of MPs in all the major parties are increasingly drawn from the fragment of society educated at private schools and/or Oxbridge. Those from working class backgrounds are in decline.” But the political, social and economic environment was now very different from that of the child care pioneers, making reform even more difficult. “Many of the advances formerly promoted by social workers and activists occurred while Conservatives were in government. We did not always appreciate it but some of their ministers were open to arguments and evidence,” he said. “This may have been termed humane capitalism. But now the humane part has disappeared with state services being privatised, expenditure slashed and employees made redundant. “Under the present government, this has been accompanied by personal greed, the acceptance of huge inequalities and the imposition of austerity and blame on the poorest members of society.” As for social workers themselves, he said: “Some of you do opt to live in the places where you are likely to meet the unemployed and those on minimum wage, where you chat with families visited by social workers, where some homeless folk live in temporary accommodation. “I hope that others will join you and convey what they see to those in power. If the objectives of the child care champions and Morag Faulds are to be reached, we must be as dedicated, outspoken and sacrificial as these pioneers were - indeed even more so.” Aberdeen-based community care charity Cornerstone won the Chair’s Award at this year’s SSSC Care Accolades. The award goes to the finalist that demonstrates exceptional achievement and excellence. Garry Coutts, chair of the judging panel, said Cornerstone focused on quality looking for the absolute best in all its operations (See Page 17) 4 Rostrum Ruth receives MBE for services to social work Ruth Stark, Social Worker Manager of the Scottish Association of Social Work, has been awarded an MBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List. Ruth, who has led the organisation since 1999, received her award for services to social work in Scotland. Her 40-year career in social work has included spells as an Ruth Stark assessment co-ordinator for distressed and disturbed children in Lothian, a social worker for a housing association, and working with people returning to the community from prison and psychiatric hospitals. A staunch advocate on behalf of children, she has been a safeguarder for more than 20 years. She has also been extremely active in international social work and is currently Convenor of the IFSW Human Rights Commission. In support of her nomination, former Children’s Minister Adam Ingram said: “While there is still much to do in changing public perceptions of social work and social workers, Ruth has been at the forefront of the ongoing campaign to ensure the extremely valuable contribution made by social workers to our society is appropriately appreciated and rewarded.” Bridget Robb, Chief Executive of BASW, said: “This award is thoroughly deserved for Ruth personally, who has dedicated much of her life to social work and to the people who need social work services. It offers a welcome demonstration of how successful SASW has been in supporting and developing social workers across Scotland and of how widely admired Ruth is for her work internationally.” Commenting on her award, Ruth said: “On a personal level, I am embarrassed to receive this as I know there are many people in our profession who deserve to be similarly recognised. But I am also proud as a social worker that our profession is recognised to have value in our society. “Social workers as individuals and as a group are not very comfortable when others want to acknowledge success or say thank you. I have noticed mixed reactions to the Care Accolades and our own SASW Social Work Awards, seen as self-congratulatory. “But I have also seen the pleasure from people who have used our services as ‘their’ social worker or ‘their’ service has won an award and they have been instrumental in it happening.” Bernadette Docherty, a former long time member of SASW, received an MBE for services to child care. Bernadette has demonstrated a long-standing commitment to children’s social work services. She retired as Corporate Director (Social Services) for North Ayrshire Council in 2010. Since then, she has been a board member of the Scottish Children’s Reporter Administration. Social worker Moira Andrew, who co-founded the Edinburgh Domestic Violence Probation Project, also received an MBE for services to reducing domestic abuse. Former Fife social work director Allan Bowman, who recently stepped down as Chair of the Social Care Institute for Excellence, was awarded a CBE. July 2013 Briefly Six projects are to receive a share of almost £7.7 million to set up a national network of mentoring schemes to tackle high re-offending. They include £2.7 million for a group of voluntary and public organisations led by Sacro to work with female offenders and £2.9 million for a partnership led by the Wise Group to mentor prolific male offenders (See Page 8). New guidance to identify carers is available through Equal Partners in Care, an online resource developed by NHS Education Scotland and the Scottish Social Services Council. Funded by the Scottish Government through NES, it will help staff ensure carers are identified, supported, have a life outside caring and recognised as equal partners in care. Edinburgh City Councillor Paul Edie has been appointed Chair of the Care Inspectorate. Currently leader of the Liberal Democrat group, he has been a councillor for 18 years and has previously chaired the Health Social Care and Housing Committee and served as a Non Executive Director of NHS Lothian. A new approach to identifying children at risk of sexual exploitation, including those in care, is being piloted in Stirling, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire in partnership with the Scottish Government. It will trial recently developed methods to identify young people who have been sexually abused and ensure appropriate support services are available. More than 45 third sector organisations are to receive a share of £10 million of Strategic Partnership Funding to strengthen their work with young people. The organisations work in areas such as adoption, vulnerable families, child health, literacy, bereavement counselling and parental support. 5 Rostrum A better understanding Sandy Riddell, Director of Education and Social Care, Moray Council and President, ADSW In social work, as with any organisation, our people are our greatest asset. We have one of the biggest workforces in the country with more than 198,000 social workers and carers registered by the Scottish Social Services Council and support over 685,000 people and their families across Scotland each year. By April 2015, much of this workforce will be affected by the changes that will come about as a result of the legislation which seeks to integrate health and social care services. During the debates around why this is happening, what it will achieve and how it will work, one thing that has dominated the position adopted by ADSW and that is people: the people we support and the people that do the supporting. We want to make sure that integrating services is the best way to meet the needs of the people out there who rely upon them. We also want to ensure that the unique and specific contribution that social work makes to the lives of these people is enhanced by an integrated model of delivering services. And why wouldn’t it be? Social work and those who provide it deal with people like no other service does. They look at everything happening to a person and their family and help them manage themselves out of whatever crisis they are dealing with. We recognise that the problems people have to deal with are rarely single issues and we also recognise the impact that one person in difficulty can have on families and communities. In 2009, ADSW launched a PR strategy to raise the profile of social work and combat some of the negativity about the service in the media. One thing we found was that people working in social work and social care are not very good at speaking up for themselves. They put the people they work with first and always talk about their achievements. That is right and proper. The professionals, however, do a fantastic job day after day. For the workforce, perhaps the best thing to come out of integrating health and social care services is that people in other sectors will gain a better understanding and therefore respect for what we in social work and social care do. It will work the other way too. If we all understand a little better what we each do, contribute and have skills in delivering, we may together be able to make the people who rely on us to support them have a better quality of life. And surely that’s what we all want. Community justice redesign: What you said Tim Parkinson This consultation closed at the end of April and SASW submitted a full response which is available online. During the previous three months, SASW visited around half of the 32 criminal justice social work services in Scotland, as well as consulting members and a range of other contacts online. Apart from those involved directly in running Community Justice Authorities, there was no significant support for continuing them, although they had helped develop and model multi-agency planning. The chief support for a single agency came from other single agencies (some police, some health) and civil servants involved in justice matters. The main drive for a single agency seemed to come from a desire for clearer and more direct accountability - but that seemed paradoxical to our consultants. It 6 would be impossible to micromanage the complexity and diversity of services required to address offenders across Scotland. Unless the service was reduced, simplified and standardised to a point of diminished effectiveness, a central board or chief executive could never be held to be truly accountable. There were concerns about para-professionalising, private sub-contracting and vulnerability to over-prescriptive bureaucracy and political whim. While far from perfect or ideal, the 32 local authority model was seen as the one most likely to continue to provide individualised holistic local services supervised by experienced qualified social workers. It offered the most in preserving links across social work specialisms and the synergy that comes from generic training and practice development. There was also a fear that professional principles and values could be fragmented and diluted if the profession was subdivided and subsumed into separate organisational imperatives and subcultures. Those in favour of the local authority model recognised the need to put together strategies to overcome its inherent weaknesses (partnerships for economical joint planning with single agencies; concerns about consistent crossScotland services and accountability). Working groups have been busy on this and models and proposals are emerging. We were able to come to our conclusions thanks to the efforts of our members, and those members and non-members who signed up to our Criminal Justice Social Workers Forum. It gave us added power as we were able to quote directly from practitioners. Rostrum “You cannot use someone else’s fire. You can only use your own. And in order to do that, you must first be willing to believe that you have it” - Audre Lorde The social work voice Ruth Stark Meetings, conferences, interactions with fellow practitioners and people who use our services, evidence to the Scottish Parliament and discussions with senior managers and advisers have led to reflection about how we, as practitioners, communicate with others. Moving forward into autumn and changing structures from the next round of legislation, our task will be to engage members and others in the process of refining what we do in the future. We must communicate how we can not only maintain but improve our unique contribution working with people on their personal journeys to achieve successful change in their lives. Reflection led to the question: Is it time to rekindle and reignite our fire? Can we not only promote what works but what enhances people’s dignity and self-worth? The voice of the social worker was raised in the Changing Lives report. This led to local practitioner forums that have flowed, ebbed, re-launched and most have gone. Recent discussion with Ministers seeking the practitioner’s voice at policy level resulted in ad hoc meetings arranged by managers and Scottish government officials. There has also been much talk about promoting leadership at all levels and empowering front line staff to fully exercise professional responsibility and accountability. This includes involvement in policy development. The challenge being revisited is how that happens. When the College of Social Work was launched in England it was heralded as a member-led college for practitioners. The result was a quango launched with government money and currently supported by directors. We know from research conducted by David Jones and Keith Bilton that the shelf life of top-down organised quangos in social work is generally July 2013 seven years at the most. These experiences suggest that when organised by top-down structures, the voice of the practitioner is short-lived, perhaps compromised. For a tree to grow, blossom and produce fruit, it needs good roots, nurturing and space. Grassroots organisations like SASW, part of BASW, established its root system in 1970. It has grown, responded and adapted to the changing needs of its members, including judicious pruning to enable healthy growth. We have developed services including indemnity insurance, knowledge exchange in books, journals and the internet, training and seminars, campaigning and lobbying. SASW has set up networks that have credibility and form part of the framework for conversations between policy and practice. It provides opportunities not found in many hierarchical structures. SASW activity includes the MHO Forum, building on locally organised meetings planning Annual Study Conferences with issues taken forward to the Mental Welfare Commission and policy makers. The Criminal Justice Social Workers Forum has established a similar conduit of communication. The CPD Seminars and local area meetings bring social workers together across different services and silos in alternative formats. The SASW committee recognises that listening to members requires a number of different routes. From our meetings, emails and telephone conversations, members talk to us about the constraints placed upon them by bureaucracy, risk averse managerialism and lack of time to build relationships that people who use services tell us is key to working with them. Bob Holman at the Morag Faulds Memorial Lecture, Walter Lorenz at the Edinburgh Post Graduate Summer School and Who Cares? Scotland at the Scottish Parliament all emphasised that nothing happens in social work of any worth without establishing relationships. These are some of the messages we need to be taking into the debates about legislative and structural change. So how are we going to do it? Chief Social Work Adviser Alan Baird told the ADSW conference that strengthening social work services requires all parties to work together. Much had been achieved since Changing Lives in 2006 but there were still some tasks ahead. The Minister of the time established the National Social Work Services Forum, a structure of partners in the social work community. Community capacity building was a key challenge of that report. “Without community, there is no liberation... but community must not mean a shedding of our differences, nor the pathetic pretense that these differences do not exist” - Audre Lorde Recognising, hearing and balancing the voice of each party in building communities requires us to think about power, control, empowerment and process. If we do not use our voice and speak from our knowledge and experience, others will do it for us. But others have to reach beyond tokenism and be prepared to listen. Talk to your colleagues, talk about the issues you are concerned about and what you can achieve, encourage people to join us to work out how we can all get more involved - have ownership of the way forward, that ownership will be key to success. 7 Rostrum Diverging or merging? Criminal justice in England and Scotland Tim Parkinson, SASW Development Officer England, May: England and Wales Justice Secretary Chris Grayling announces plans to scrap existing probation trusts. Many of their functions will be put out to tender on a payment by results basis targeted at reducing offending, commissioned separately in 21 areas by the Ministry of Justice. This is likely to see private sector bodies take on regional contracts and then subcontracting work to smaller, specialist voluntary agencies or social enterprises formed by ex-probation trust staff. What remains in the public sector will be work with high risk offenders, which will be undertaken by a new, greatly reduced National Probation Service. Is this the inevitable course of a national probation service that abandoned the social work qualification in the late 1990s? Should we look and be nervous as we await Kenny MacAskill’s decision on the future shape of Scottish criminal justice social work? Some of us thought Scotland was proud of travelling in a different direction. Scotland, April: Six projects are to receive a share of almost £7.7 million to set up a national network of mentoring schemes to tackle Scotland’s high reoffending rates. On the face of it, this looks like welcome additional resources to support social workers. But would it possibly displace social workers? Among this is £2.66 million for a partnership of voluntary and public organisations led by Sacro to work with female offenders and £2.9 million for a partnership led by the Wise Group to undertake mentoring with prolific male offenders. These will be rolled out across the whole of Scotland. 8 When you look closely at the mentoring schemes, the aim is to have one key person alongside the offender at the centre of everything that is being brought together for them. They build a crucial relationship and help the offender contextualise the interventions and translate them into a personal advancement; giving guidance and support through the trial and error experiences of rehabilitation. Isn’t that a key function of the qualified social worker in criminal justice? And isn’t that qualification a vital asset in getting it right? My experience of unqualified support staff varies widely from the very good, down to noncommittal bystanders and virtually collusive observers and reporters. These projects are aimed at the key group for reoffending statistics, which is low to medium seriousness young male and female repeat offenders. This is the very target group which is currently returning the lowest reoffending rates for over two decades. These figures are achieved under the supervision of social workers. We know social workers are effective if allowed to practise. Yet the proposal is to move this work from social workers and “partnership-ise” it. Does that leave social workers to write assessments and manage the few high risk violent and sexual offenders, where sentences are longer and behaviour is more “hard-wired” and difficult to change? If so, don’t be surprised if in three years statistics show that social workers are not doing a great job at significantly reducing reoffending in that category. And don’t be too surprised should the measurement criteria for generic reoffending be changed (they need to be more qualitative, we know that) before these projects are reviewed, so their relative effectiveness is difficult to challenge. During the Community Justice Redesign consultation, justice department staff made it clear that their intention was more central control and accountability. This militates against the social worker having a degree of professional autonomy and discretion to do what is best for each offender. Central control and prescription tends towards reducing quality work to a non-professional practical level that can be delivered by following standardised processes. Changing Lives contained a firm commitment to reduce social workers’ procedures, red tape and bureaucracy to free them up to practise the profession in which they qualified. Instead, despite the ostensible difference in criminal justice philosophy between Scotland and England, the triumph of their converging economic and business hypotheses may be steadily displacing well-evidenced professional and ideological criminal justice policy. Rostrum Parliamentary business Ruth Stark, Social Worker Manager, SASW In researching the official report of the Scottish Parliament for this column, the range and quality of the debates and information that is available to our elected members in their decision making is impressive. In this last quarter, topics in our own sphere of knowledge, such as children coming into care, the impact of welfare reform or the work required to help people change their behaviour so that they do not end up in prisons are in themselves diverse, let alone understanding the impact of climate control, the impact of wind farms or balancing the Scottish economy. But some of the main points of interest for social workers include the extensive inquiry, still ongoing by the Education Committee, into decision making on whether to take children into care. On 28 May I gave oral evidence on behalf of SASW and front line members attended an event on 17 June at the Parliament to address a number of specific questions that MSPs still have outstanding before making their final report. Other children’s matters include the adoption of parts of a Westminster Bill that affects the setting up of an adoption register in Scotland which was passed in May. On 8 May, Hugh Henry gave a timely reminder in a debate on child care that it is not just an issue for the early years but stretches to children as old as 14. Moving into an area of joint interest to children and criminal justice workers is the work of the cross party group on children and families affected by imprisonment July 2013 that Tim Parkinson, Don Millar and Maggie Mellon attend. It recently had a meeting with Justice Secretary Kenny MacAskill to consider a number of issues of concern including unintended consequences for some very vulnerable people. Members may also have noted that we have joined forces with the Howard League and others to raise the issue of voting rights for prisoners in the work leading up to the Referendum Bill to comply with the European Court on Human Rights. However, we have also been mindful of the scrutiny also taking place by the Justice and Health Committees during Stage 1 of the Victims and Witnesses Bill. This raises issues about how we create an environment where justice is seen to be done but does not cause further damage to victims and witnesses. On 2 May the Justice Secretary talked about community justice re-design. Later in the month, through-care came back on the criminal justice agenda based on a pilot project at Greenock Prison. On 24 April there was a debate in the main chamber about access to justice. This relates to court closures, particularly in rural areas where public transport is limited. The same issue of limited public transport was used in another debate introduced by Alison McInnes on 30 May based on Age Concern’s campaign about the postcode lottery of concessionary travel, which is great if you have a system you can access but useless if there is no provision in your area. This dovetailed with a debate raised by Christina McKelvie about digital exclusion, raising issues from those who do not have access to the services that we increasingly access online either because of ability or cost. Social justice is very much at the heart of the Welfare Reform Committee and the impact of the changes in the welfare benefit system on many of the people with whom we work. On 16 April the committee heard evidence from Professor Steve Fothergill of the Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research at Sheffield Hallam University. You may find this of interest when considering sending us evidence from your practice about how these issues impact on the people with whom you work, so that we can bring that information to political decision makers. There was an interesting debate started by John Mason, MSP for Glasgow Shettleston, about promoting people’s well being through Social Tourism. This provides an opportunity for us to reflect on the potential of community capacity building and investment in social capital as part of our role in achieving social cohesion alongside work with individuals and their families. Finally, underpinning all of this were debates on voluntary sector funding and public sector reform. Without a supportive infrastructure, we will not be empowered to meet the needs of the people who seek our services. The advocacy charity for older vegetarians and vegans Charitable Grants Can we help your client with a grant from The Vegetarian Fund or The Vegan Fund? Older vegetarians and vegans in need can apply for help with independent living, for example: a stair lift, disabled adaptation, or bathing aid. For more information: Phone: 01683 220888 www.vegetarianforlife.org.uk 9 Rostrum Development matters Tim Parkinson, SASW Development Officer During the time since the last issue of Rostrum, we have been involved in a virtual whirlwind of meetings and activities, all working towards raising the profile, influence and involvement of social workers in the continuum of radical change which is always present. Criminal justice has been a big emphasis in my activity with the promotion and development of our Criminal Justice Social Workers Forum and meeting with social workers around the community justice redesign consultation. I have met with social workers and managers all over the country and it is good to see people responding to the opportunity to be part of the wider arena and be able to input to processes and influence thinking and policy development. The Criminal Justice Social Workers Forum is now connected to over 300 criminal justice social workers and growing daily. When the Cabinet Secretary announces the new structure at the end of summer we will be in a good position to engage in the process of making sure it works and is conducive to quality practice. Meanwhile, independent social worker numbers are growing and we intend to do more to support their members’ network. I will be trying to encourage a coordinated sign-up to SASW’s register of independent social workers shortly. This is necessary because we want to be able to promote that register to organisations that use independents. However, we can’t validly do this if we don’t appear to have a product to promote due to insufficient independent members listing their details. 10 If you are an independent social worker whom I don’t have on my independents email contacts group, let me know and I will include you in all we do. The end of the academic year is upon us again and many of you graduating students will be trying to make the transition to newly qualified social worker in your first post. Remember to keep your student membership (cheap as chips!) going until you do get your first job, then we can continue to help you through the transition and you get 50 per cent off your first year as a qualified social worker. But we also need you to contact us to raise our awareness of the barriers and difficulties you may be facing in trying to land that first post. We will be putting a lot of effort into studying this and trying to develop strategies and partnerships with employers and government agencies in order to support and retain NQSWs in the profession. We have the MHO Annual Study Conference planned again for October (see advert on Page 2) and we continue to be active in meeting with and supporting groups of members who are going through health and social care integration processes. The Welfare Reform Act is impacting across the board of our activities but children and families are very much at the heart of the target group where the changes will have the most impact. Ruth Stark has written and spoken extensively about this over the last quarter to make sure none of the “unintended consequences” go unanswered. However, we are always interested in live case examples which will illustrate the effects of the reforms in human terms. If you have such examples, please contact us and we can discuss how they can be anonymised and used sensitively without losing any of their impact. And as we get into the holiday period, my availability to visit workplace team meetings increases as Parliament goes into recession and conferences and seminars start to reduce. If you would like me to come and meet with you (either to present on criminal justice, our CPD seminars, membership and professional identity; or to address issues you would like to raise) contact me directly at the usual email and ‘phone numbers. It’s your association, and we need to be in touch with you. A special awards ceremony was held at Scottish Borders Council to recognise the achievement of more than 150 social work and social care employees who completed their professional training over the past year. The awards gained by staff included SVQs in Health and Social Care, HNCs in Social Care and Open University degrees in Social Work and Health and Social Care Rostrum A week in the life of… Hannah Hawthorn, Criminal Justice Social Worker, Scottish Borders Council Monday: Mondays tend to be my busy one-to-one days when I carry out structured programme work with several clients. Today’s clients are each undertaking different programmed work outlined in a case management plan that we complete together using the new risk assessment tool LS/CMI. I love the variety of the work we do! Today we work on anger management, substance misuse and a one-to-one general offending programme which looks at attitudes, problem solving and the effects of offending on victims. I also work with clients undertaking pre-group work for the Caledonian Programme and for the Community Sex Offenders Groupwork Programme, respectively. The most striking part of my day is working with a young man who is trying extremely hard to address his heroin issues. I am always impressed by his commitment and engagement with our sessions (hasn’t missed an appointment in six months) and we discuss the impact of his previous heroin use on himself and those around him. Tuesday: Women’s group day. Since June 2011, a big part of my role has involved working in partnership with Addaction Borders (a local support service for adults with alcohol problems) to develop and deliver a groupwork programme for women offenders, based on the model run by the Willow Project in Edinburgh. We try to run three 12-week programmes a year. For our afternoon sessions we invite external agencies to come and talk to the women about services that might be useful (sexual health, substance misuse, welfare benefits, homelessness or rape crisis). Other sessions, such as Zumba, horse riding and crafts, promote wellbeing and relaxation. Half the sessions are already planned by staff, the rest chosen by the women themselves. Today is our introductory coffee morning. This is a new venture July 2013 based on client feedback to help women feel more relaxed about starting the programme. It’s an informal opportunity to meet staff and other women attending the group before we start, and hopefully dispel any initial misgivings. A few complex encounters between some of the women attending. In a small rural community, we find some women have known each other previously. Whether a negative or a positive association, it needs to be carefully managed in a groupwork setting. Late night office opening tonight for clients who work or can’t attend during the day. Finish about 8pm. Wednesday: Over to a local area office to meet a female client who is in crisis. Completed her report a few weeks ago and she received a 12-month CPO with supervision and alcohol treatment requirement. Had deferred seeing her until last week as she had a place to complete an alcohol detoxification. Unfortunately, it appears she started drinking again on returning to the community. Obtain client’s consent to contact local NHS addictions service to ascertain the frequency and nature of their contact with her. Her worker says they are considering a rehabilitation place but client needs to demonstrate commitment and motivation through attending Alcoholics Anonymous and referring herself to Addaction Borders for support. Main task over next few weeks will be to monitor her progress with the various agencies she is engaged with. Thursday: Attend a stalking awareness training course delivered by Ann Moulds from Action Scotland Against Stalking. Interesting course which explains the new offence of stalking, lists different behaviours which constitute the offence, describes the various ways stalking can impact a victim and identifies relevant supports practitioners can offer. It’s clear from those attending - predominantly voluntary sector agencies supporting victims of domestic abuse and sexual violence - that a more strategic response to this is needed within our area. Positive end to the day which identifies further action points for our Violence Against Women partnership. Friday: Definitely feel I benefit from the council’s home working policy. Can make ‘phone calls through my work laptop and work from home to get reports and case notes finished. After the nursery run, I spend two hours finishing off a court report and shouting at the computer whilst making calls forgot to bring home headset which allows you to talk at normal volume. Embarrassing moment when I answer home ‘phone with an exasperated “What is it THIS time??!!” following two automated calls regarding bank compensation payments I am allegedly due. Turns out to be a bewildered Integrated Children’s Services colleague responding to a request to ring my landline due to poor work mobile reception where I live. Whoops! After numerous apologies, we proceed with a case discussion about a family where the children are looked after and another criminal justice colleague and I are working with the parents who are both subject to community disposals. Long discussion about positive progress, outstanding concerns with the family and ongoing work to be done. Mad dash to get back to the nursery for pick-up time, then the weekend! 11 Rostrum Silencing the facts of sexual abuse: A need for change Sarah Nelson describes the public pillorying of very young mothers and reveals how the very laws aimed at protecting children can conceal rape and abuse Serious issues for young girls facing rape, sexual abuse and exploitation are still not addressed after a case when media were legally prevented from connecting a rape conviction in 2009 with the pregnancy of an 11-year-old who became Scotland’s youngest mother in 2006. Like others previously, this very young mother was publicly blamed and vilified for her pregnancy. I hope social workers in SASW and ADSW might join a campaign urging changed behaviour by the legal system, media, politicians, churches and the public. I hope they can also highlight a problem that emerged in this case that Scots laws, designed to protect children, can instead silence the facts of rape and abuse. Child protection staff will know that very young pregnancy almost invariably happens through sexual assault. But many others don’t want to hear it - because these girls become a metaphor for all of society’s supposed ills. They’re at once the idle promiscuous products of sink-estate welfare culture, the permissive society and the crisis in sex education. The rape conviction of Jason M cast a very different light on notorious publicity in 2006, when the pregnant 11-year-old, photographed unnamed in the Sun newspaper, with the name of her town, was shown with her heroinsmoking mother. The rape conviction revealed this pregnancy was not after all through consensual sex at a drink-fuelled party, as her family claimed and media and justice systems had assumed. Instead, Jason M had 12 raped his sister at home and she had already tried several times to commit suicide. But in the reports of the rape conviction, the original case and the victim’s age when pregnant could not be mentioned. This prevented public connection of the two cases, which would challenge the “trashing” of the girl’s reputation. Tressa M, now over 18, has waived anonymity and given background details. But in 2009, even reporting her age fell foul of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, Section 47, and the Children (Scotland) Act 1995, Section 44. These Acts restrict reporting of particulars calculated to reveal the identities of accused people or victims under 16 in criminal proceedings. Also, after the birth, both she and her baby were fostered. The law also gives anonymity to a young person under care or supervision. Yet in contrast, the previous mass of hostile, vicious publicity - including tabloid newspaper interviews with her and her mother and online comment from the public - was freely allowed and much of it survived until recently, since it pre-dated legal proceedings. Laws like the 1995 Acts were meant to safeguard and protect young people. In practice, they had several damaging effects. Failure to link the two cases prevented the self-respect and reputation of the girl being publicly restored and untruths about her being corrected, though this was achievable without endangering her named identity or current whereabouts, especially since interviews with her would no longer have been allowed. If risk of identification was greater since the abuser was a relative, courts could have banned publicity of this connection or the rapist’s name could have been omitted “for legal reasons”. Non-connection of the two cases made it unlikely that agencies and schools would face searching public questions about whether they had adequately protected her, particularly during the years when she showed strong behavioural signs of likely sexual abuse. She has said it started when she was seven. It also prevented awarenessraising that Tressa’s history of early substance misuse and severe behaviour problems were common reactions to abuse trauma, not sexual invitation. A quarter of the men in my own research with male survivors of abuse were addicted to substances before even reaching their teens. Failure to raise awareness makes it even more likely that the Rostrum next very young girl who becomes pregnant will face similar public disgust and misrepresentation from unthinking people in politics, media, churches and the public. For news of the pregnancy brought an outcry about disintegration of public morals. A Catholic Church spokesman said “It is indicative of an increasingly promiscuous culture” and a Scottish Conservatives spokeswoman talked of failings “that have allowed such a young girl to go on a night out, get drunk and pregnant, seemingly ignorant of the risks and consequences.” We need reminders of the sheer vindictiveness against a child barely out of primary school. The language does not simply reflect abusive, sexist and prejudiced attitudes to one young girl but to vulnerable ones generally (see attitudes in recent sexual exploitation cases in Rochdale and Rotherham). At 11, she was widely described as a “tart”, “slob”, “slut” and “chav”. These are just some of the scores of online comments made by the public. They are horrible to read but we need to face up to them, as she had to do: “We already know the little twat was drunk and knocked up at 11 and continuing to smoke - her mother was proud of her slut offspring.” “The little whore should have her brat kid taken off her and then be sterilised so that she never gets knocked up again.” “Amazing what nanny-statism can do to families... like drunken, pregnant 11 yr olds.” Media coverage featured her bad character and horrible habits: chain-smoking while pregnant, drinking vodka at aged 10 and excluded from school for fighting. She was promiscuous, allegedly getting pregnant at “a drunken/ cannabis fuelled romp/wild party” where she “dressed like a tart”. She was a chav from a rundown council flat on a sink estate. Her mother was a heroin addict, two uncles had been in jail. In practice, Tressa and other young pregnant girls lived in families which were singularly July 2013 unable to protect them from predators; they did not reflect poorer families in general. Other extremely young mothers across the UK, usually from similar backgrounds, have been vilified with similar, gullibly-swallowed stories about one-night stands with mysterious unnamed teenagers. For example, Amy C from Sussex, also 12 from another family on benefits, had become “Britain’s most notorious gymslip mum” and “a national disgrace”, facing outrage and abuse about promiscuous welfare chavs and the permissive society. Her claim of a one-night stand with an unknown Jamaican boy at a leisure centre changed to a “club” then a “friend’s house”. She later called him a Gambian boy (her child, publicly photographed, was black). No official action was taken. Buried deep, however, in these press accounts was the news that Amy’s mother had a string of live-in boyfriends, her latest being a Gambian who had recently “returned to Gambia to his wife and children.” Was this man ever sought? Was his DNA checked? It’s not just very under-age pregnant girls who face blame but ones who are sexually active at all. Disparaging comments made in legal cases in recent years have flown in the face of actual laws. Some judges or lawyers have argued that the sex was consensual or suggested a child’s consent may be relevant, when it isn’t legally possible for under-13s to give meaningful consent! Why do we need debate and action? Laws and regulations aimed at protecting children in court and elsewhere are designed to protect their wellbeing. They are not designed actively to conceal the fact that young people were victims, not agents, of serious criminal acts for which they were previously blamed in the public glare. Such information can help restore their self-respect and self-belief. To follow the spirit - not simply the letter - of such laws and regulations, the reality of previous damaging, inaccurate, anti-child publicity and the need to address it must be taken into account. It’s too late for the authorities to wish this publicity had not happened. We need changes in practice and if necessary an amendment to law to meet the spirit of these Acts, for example through consulting young people and allowing them to correct wide-ranging vilification on public record. Also, should not protective proceedings always be taken as soon as young pregnancy, (particularly in under-14s) is known, both because a thorough child protection investigation is needed and to stop degrading verbal abuse? That would anyway seem the implication of the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009. The law already restricts reporting of children involved in the children’s hearing system. A problem would remain about safeguarding genuine investigative reporting into very young pregnancies in society, especially if the authorities may have seriously failed to protect a child. I hope social workers will join with children’s charities, family lawyers, the National Union of Journalists and others to promote information leaflets and web materials for the media, politicians, faith groups and the public. These would inform them that very young pregnancy is likely to mean sexual assault history, not promiscuity; suggest guidance on responsible reporting; urge deletion of vicious, libellous online comments about vulnerable young people and adults; and ask judges, lawyers, politicians and others not to exploit these desperate young people to further their own agendas. Perhaps instead they could support action against the rape, abuse and maltreatment of these young women - and indeed of all abused young people. Sarah Nelson is a researcher and writer on sexual abuse issues based at Edinburgh University and a former journalist who specialised in social work 13 Rostrum Study notes Name: Catherine Murray Age: 33 Course: Masters Degree in Social Work, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen Why social work? When I thought about being a social worker, I had genuine flutters of excitement as I knew it was the right path. You can’t really ignore that sort of thing. I enjoyed being able to connect with clients and understand their perspective. It felt good working in a team, bouncing ideas around to get things right for people. Since embarking on this course, it has been a learning curve - not least in beginning one of my essays diplomatically but then surprising myself by concluding with a Marxist stance. All of this is still in evolution as I learn to become a balanced and thoughtful practitioner. What area of social work interests you most? Criminal justice, law, children and families, young people and mental health. From my placement, previous experience and lectures, I have a natural inclination towards these particular areas. What did you do before social work training? I came to Aberdeen to study medicine in 1997, which I did and loved for a number of years. However, I wanted to follow a more social based career. I always knew I would return to university, I just wasn’t sure what it would be that I’d go back to. For almost 10 years I worked in the health and social care field. First, as a support worker with The Richmond Fellowship Scotland. Then in 2005 I moved on to work as an independent advocate for Advocacy North East, working with a diverse range of client groups in different settings, upholding human rights and ensuring their views were heard. Favourite music? Kings of Leon and Eddie Vedder’s Into the Wild soundtrack. Under the Pink by Tori Amos, Throwing Copper by Live and The Best of James are three of my all-time favourite albums. Favourite film? Avatar - I was captivated with this 3D film at the cinema and have watched it countless times since. Favourite book? Notes from an Exhibition by Philip Gale for its poignancy and empathy towards the characters. The last book I finished was Game of Thrones by George RR Martin - you can’t beat flying dragons for a bit of escapism. Last book out of the library? The Other 23 Hours by Trieschman, Whittaker and Brendtro. It details the residential therapeutic work with children during the other hours of the day that the “visiting professional” does not see. How do you let off steam? I run, go to the gym and gym classes. Prior to this year, such activity was almost unprecedented in the Catherine Murray chronicles. My usual modus operandi was to reflect, play the piano, make copious lists or keep a journal. I’m also a huge fan of summer barbecues, with shorts and flip-flops, rain or shine. Have you been on placement yet and how do you feel about it? I’m currently on placement in an all-boys residential children’s home. My approach was to immerse myself in it and hopefully keep up - so far it has worked. I grappled with the inherent tension of being in the milieu, wanting to spend quality time with the young people and being required to write reports as well. One of the highlights has been attending Who Cares? Scotland’s launch in May of a national partnership strategy to improve social outcomes for young care leavers. It was fantastic meeting such a diverse group and enlightening to hear young people present their case histories so honestly and confidently. Where do you hope to be in five years’ time? Graduated with my masters degree and married to my fiance Kevan. I intend to have solid experience in social work and aspire to hold a team management position. I would like to have the MHO qualification and be involved in research projects and journal publications. Ultimately, once I have an extensive grounding, my ideal would be to teach aspects of social work at Robert Gordon University. Message on your T-shirt? Lets get this done! - a phrase from my awesome poster group in semester one. 14 Rostrum On the front line Joe McConnell, Youth Worker, Barn Youth Centre, Glasgow “So you’re a youth worker, what is it you do?” Who among us, I wonder, has not been at the receiving end of this tricky “tag” question? And who among us has not stumbled and faltered over the answer, shuffling our feet and mumbling incoherently under our breath something about “personal and social development” and “well being” before trailing off into an awkward silence - or is that just me? There can be little doubt that youth work can seem a bit of a mystery to the uninitiated. This, I believe, stems from the various contrasting traditions from which modern youth work developed and the undermining of defining characteristics of youth work by successive governments. The answer to this tricky question is therefore not easily got at and often leads to heuristic methods being applied, that is, substituting a difficult question with an easier related question and answering that one. Nevertheless, here is my apology for what we do in the name of youth work at the Barn Youth Centre in the Gorbals area of Glasgow without, I hope, too much of a heuristic detour. The Barn is home to the youth work arm of Crossroads Youth & Community Association (the Community arm is based in Govanhill in the south east of Glasgow). The building is our own, built with the help and support of the local community and generous funders a little over 20 years ago. July 2013 The organisation has had a presence in the Gorbals for almost 60 years; born out of the pioneering work of Geoff Shaw, Richard Holloway and other founder members of the original Gorbals Group, the predecessor of Crossroads. The guiding values and principles have changed very little over the intervening years, testament to the simple but fundamental truth underpinning them, that is: create opportunities for people to voluntarily be together, include mutual support and informal education and this will release the potential for “good things to happen” both for the individual and the community. It is, and always was, what in the modern idiom we term asset based principles; a focus on the importance of connecting people and facilitating ways for people to help each other. The four evening sessions we run each week are a combination of open provision and project-based youth work. The educative power of association, sharing ideas, attitudes and opinions and learning to live cooperatively has equal prominence with learning new skills and knowledge and gaining accreditations. In the junior sessions we run projects such as Literally Cooking, where promoting life skills, numeracy and literacy are the aims. But there space and time is also given over to improvised play and games, and for young people just to relax together. In the senior sessions, as with the junior sessions, considerable effort is made to balance the service so that the outcomes we set ourselves in procuring funding can be addressed without giving up on improvisation and a focus on the here-and-now, responding to young peoples’ concerns and addressing outcomes the young people themselves value. The youth committee plays a key role in this balancing act and provides the means by which the young people play an active part in decisions about anything affecting them. The educative and healing properties of the outdoors and wild places have featured in Crossroads’ provision of youth work stretching back over its history. Recently this has taken the shape of Ogg Adventures, a project that incorporates, amongst other outdoor pursuits, the Duke of Edinburgh expedition section. This year we have young people taking in part in bronze, silver and gold levels of the awards with two members of the gold group heading off to India to work with school children for their residential section. WB Yeats had this to say about learning: “Education is not about filling a bucket, it’s about lighting a fire.” The work we do at the Barn is a form of youth work which attempts to do just that. I believe we provide the spark that ignites possibilities and potentials, both in the young folk we work with and in us as workers. 15 Rostrum Support networks Sarah Roberts, Child and Family Support Manager for Families Outside, continues our series on specialist organisations that social workers can turn to for advice and support from bad families with no prospects of becoming anything other than the next criminal in the WHEN a family member goes to family. No wonder then that these prison, the impact on the children develop significant mental remaining children and adults is ill health problems at three times often significant and enduring, the rate of other children. Early leading to a range support helps children of challenges: risk affected by “I nearly lost my faith when to housing; imprisonment cope with this happened, I didn’t think financial their experience and anyone cared. Without your pressures; goes a long way to support I don’t know what I problems in caring would have done” reducing - Partner of a prisoner for children; intergenerational crime. anxiety, distress Further to this, and health research has shown problems; and rejection, stigma that prisoners are up to six times and victimisation by neighbours less likely to reoffend if they and the community. maintain family contact during For over 23 years Families imprisonment. Closer relationships Outside - the only national often benefit not only the prisoner organisation working exclusively but also their families, who tend to on behalf of families affected by be the forgotten victims of imprisonment in Scotland - has imprisonment. Regardless of any been working to mitigate the impact on the prisoner, support for effects of imprisonment on children families in their own right is and families, helping to reduce important. reoffending through support and Families affected by imprisonment information for families and for face a process of grief and professionals such as social readjustment throughout the workers who work with them. course of arrest, trial, in Scotland alone, 27,000 imprisonment and “Some people children are separated from a at my school found out... release, yet they parent through imprisonment they kept away from me” often have - Fourteen-year-old boy each year - nearly twice the difficulty getting number who experiences a the information and parent’s divorce. Children support they need. with a parent in prison face Families Outside works to support significant challenges including families, ensuring they can access trauma (making it hard for them to appropriate information and learn) and stigma (which can lead support at the time they need it. to behaviour problems and bullying This includes Families Outside’s from others). in effect, they serve free confidential Helpline (0500 their own sentence and are far 839383, Monday to Friday, 9ammore likely to disengage from the 5pm) and direct face-to-face school system. support through their network of Many also feel condemned by family support workers. Walking the crime of their parent and they sensitively alongside pick up the message (sometimes families, as they subliminally, unfortunately also negotiate the more challenges of the blatantly) criminal justice system, that they are makes an enormous bad children difference. Because imprisonment affects all areas of people’s lives (health, housing, 16 education and social welfare), a wide range of professionals will come into contact with families affected, though none has overall responsibility for supporting them. Families Outside raises awareness and provides training for professionals on the impact of imprisonment and the need to include prisoners’ families specifically in the wider remits of their work. “I felt very alone and isolated until I was introduced to a family support worker. She provided me with information, emotional support and a non-judgmental ear to listen” - Family member As a result of the work of Families Outside, policy makers, decision makers and relevant service providers, including social workers, are becoming better informed about the issues facing families affected by imprisonment. The Scottish Government and the Scottish Prison Service are among many agencies now beginning to recognise the need to support these families and include them in efforts to resettle prisoners. Support for families affected by imprisonment is essential both for their immediate needs and to prevent longer term difficulties. Given the wide ranging challenges and long term implications for these all too often isolated families, it is equally essential that we work collaboratively with other organisations and that together we raise awareness of issues of imprisonment; develop good practice and, of course, inspire change. Rostrum Obituaries Roger Kent 1931-2013 Former Lothian social work director Roger Kent, who died on 22 March, will be remembered as a staunch advocate of social work and a pioneer in responding to HIV and AIDS in the 1980s. Having been orphaned at the age of seven, he was subsequently adopted and pursued a successful career in the Royal Navy. He took voluntary retirement aged 30 and entered the social work profession after gaining a postgraduate diploma at Durham University. His rise through the ranks was meteoric and he was rapidly promoted to Director of Social Services in the new Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. Five years later, he accepted the same post in Lothian, where he proved a popular and able leader of 8,000 staff. Roger felt his main achievement was managing to work with two separate budgets throughout the 1980s following mid-term rate capping and keeping up morale during a time of serious financial restrictions. But he was admired for his rapid response to issues of the day such as AIDS when Edinburgh’s HIV infection rate soared as a result of intravenous drug use and needlesharing. Armed with up-to-date information, he pioneered the battle against the virus and guided public authorities. After retiring from local authority life he became the first Director of Waverley Care, a new charity dedicated to setting up a hospice for those with HlV and AIDS. This culminated with the 1991 opening of Milestone House in Edinburgh the UK’s first purpose-built hospice for people living with HIV. He also became Chairman of the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations and Commissioner for Scotland of the Commission for Racial Equality. However, he continued to be involved with social work when in 1993 he was called upon to lead an independent inquiry after widespread abuse had been uncovered at the Moorheads old people’s home in Dumfries and Galloway. Then in 1997 he carried out the highly influential Children’s Safeguards Review (Kent Report) which made more than 60 recommendations to help improve the protection of children cared for away from home. Roger’s outstanding contribution to social work in Scotland was recognised in 1993 when he was awarded the CBE. With thanks to Nicola Barry Nick Baxter 1947-2013 I first met Nick through BASW Scotland back in the late 1970s. A long-time member of the association, he was passionate about care in the community and in 1980 launched with others Cornerstone, the Aberdeen-based organisation that was honoured at this year’s SSSC Care Accolades in Perth with the ultimate Chair’s Award. This was a fitting acknowledgement of all those years of passion and work that met people’s needs, worked with risk and respected people’s human rights. Nick came from Yorkshire and after studying for a degree in Sociology went on to a post as a trainee child care officer in Birmingham. He then went on to Aberdeen University where he qualified as a social worker. He July 2013 joined Grampian Regional Council and became a senior social worker responsible for learning disability. Seeing many gaps in service, he set up with others the third sector organisation we now know as Cornerstone. It employs 1,700 staff and works with 300 volunteers in 20 local authorities. With an annual turnover of more than £30 million, it provides services for more than 2,000 adults, including young people and children with learning and physical disabilities and mental health problems. Nick was only 65 when he died on 28 April. Having been named the Ernst & Young UK Social Entrepreneur of the Year in 2003, he retired from the post of Chief Executive with Cornerstone in 2008. He spent much of his well-earned retirement travelling and also had a house in France. It was an honour to know such a special person and social worker who was a role model for us all in achieving the goal that we all set ourselves as students - to “make a difference”. Ruth Stark 17 Rostrum the text factor Alison Gordon describes some of the books that have influenced her most during her career Never one to do things the easy way, the challenge of selecting books which have influenced me as a social worker led to my searching late at night for long lost treasures at the back of a large and pretty messy cupboard. Whatever did happen to my copy of...? I read a lot and find influence all over the place including popular psychology, sociology and economics in addition to social work texts. And for me it was certainly more fun, if also a lot more circuitous, to journey through my past by sorting through these old hard copy books than to pursue a quick check of references on the internet. One of the pleasures of my current role is involvement in the recruitment of social workers. Through this there is the opportunity both for dialogue with a wide range of applicants on their own influences and to keep in touch with the trends in social work teaching and theory - including some rebranding of old ones. Having worked previously in community projects, including one of the then government’s community programmes, I was at the time of my own training particularly attracted to the model of community social work prevalent in books ranging from the official Barclay Report to the writings of Bob Holman. I love the fact that the spirit of this remains within my current job title of Community Social Work Manager. My interest in social justice was however reinforced much earlier in part through Inequalities in Health: The Black Report, a book I encountered when studying economics. This provided a stark picture of the cumulative impact of social inequalities in housing, education and employment and the consequential limitations on the NHS in its ability to deliver positive health outcomes for all. 18 Many of the recommendations aimed at achieving the three objectives of: a) giving children a better start in life; b) improving the quality of life for those with disabilities and c) a preventative approach on health, were shelved at the time and most of the challenges remain and have grown. There is certainly current resonance within social work and community planning agendas and in particular the aspirations of the Early Years Collaborative. As a social worker subsequently practising primarily in child care and child protection, Vera Fahlberg’s Fitting the Pieces Together was a practical and accessible companion. And whilst my copy is long lent out and lost, I retain a copy of the later A Child’s Journey through Placement which brings together much of the same wisdom. Building on the writings of others, she promotes an understanding of attachment though the concepts of “the arousal-relaxation cycle” and “the positive-interaction cycle” as key both to work with families and supporting children looked after away from home. All of her writing - through clear case illustrations, concepts and an overriding sense of her own commitment to troubled children - provided knowledge, tools and as importantly a faith in the ability to make a difference in practice. It remains an “old friend” and one I still recommend regularly to others and return to myself on occasion when debating difficult issues in planning for children. Themes of attachment and loss at a different level are replicated in one of the books I have found useful both as an individual and as a manager in working in a climate of uncertainty and in planning for both small and large scale changes. William Bridges’ Managing Transitions is again both practical and accessible whilst avoiding the potential to patronise which runs through some change management texts. His model of Endings, The Neutral Zone and New Beginnings, which emphasises that people have a personal connection to how they work and addresses the psychological transitions which sit alongside situational changes, is one I have found genuinely helpful. When transferred to the current social work environment, it is also a strong reminder that we need to take some of the skills and understanding we assume in our work with individuals and families into workplace relationships and processes rather than simply to rely on the aspiration for and sign up to “continuous improvement”, however well intended. Finally, a mention for a book I read recently and am still digesting and whose thread perhaps is perhaps on reflection as much of justification for my approach as an influence. Obliquity by John Kay rejects the conventional science of decision making for a more indirect adaptive and yes, oblique approach to achieving goals. Now back to that cupboard... Alison Gordon is a Community Social Work Manager with North Lanarkshire Council Rostrum MediaWatch Sex on Wheels Channel 4, 9 May Reviewed by Charlene Gay Soon after this programme was advertised I began to receive messages from my friends informing me of its existence so I was eager to see the goods for myself! The reason for the messages and my own anticipation was that this was the very topic I wrote my dissertation about and I am massively interested in the field of sexuality and disability. As the programme began I was sceptical that it might be another documentary focusing on the obscure - or worse a patronising portrayal of young people looking for love. The backing John music and narrator’s tone, giving a tongue and cheek feel to the introduction, justified my fears as the viewer meets Leah in a high street sex shop. I was thankfully reassured as this quickly begins to highlight some of the programme’s many recurring themes and challenges. For instance, Leah discusses the lack of sex education she received compared with her sisters because she has brittle bone disease and it was assumed she may not become sexually active. Leah is clearly a very articulate, confident and attractive young girl Pete July 2013 who enjoys exactly the same things as her peers. At the opposite end of the spectrum is shy John who has learning disability. John lives with his mother and would like the opportunity to lose his virginity like his brothers as he feels left out and lonely. His mother feels she should Carl support John by hiring an escort and compares the experience with learning independent travel or other skills. The documentary follows John’s journey to lose his virginity or as his mother puts it “become a man”. What is clear for all the males involved in the documentary is the prejudice they face in some way or another from not being viewed or feeling like a “real man” because they have a disability. Most people believe everyone has sexual rights but disabled people are often viewed as unable to attain these rights or have a “normal” sex life. Leah This is wonderfully illustrated by Pete who is trying to fulfill his ambition of becoming a porn star. There is also Carl who has a spinal cord injury and was the only participant who did not have a disability from birth. For me, Carl is a textbook example of what the majority of academic literature on sexuality and disability represents. Carl tries many solutions to regain his full sexual function but what this uncovers - and was highlighted for Leah and John too - is the need for a long term relationship and closeness. As was evident from several of the individuals featured, sex is purchasable but intimacy is not. I would applaud Channel 4 and the escorts and sex therapists shown for allowing viewers to understand what they did and explain it in an educated and sensitive manner. The programme gives a good overview of societal attitudes and also challenges Joe Bloggs’ perceptions by jumping straight in with positions, places and preferences. Although some of the use of language may make you uncomfortable at times, such as “freak” and “normal”, I feel Channel 4 used the hour to explain this complex topic productively. But what I asked myself whilst watching this programme and would urge anyone to ask themselves is: “How would my perceptions change if the person did not have a disability?” More of the same please on our TVs! Charlene Gay is a Community Care Worker with Falkirk Council 19 Rostrum Aberlour Narratives of Success David Divine University of Durham, 2013 ISBN 978-0-90359-328-1, £20 Reviewed by Bill Grieve, Freelance Consultant and former Chief Executive of Aberlour Child Care Trust THE “SURVIVED” and “THRIVED” sequence on the front and back covers of David Divine’s deeply interesting book neatly encapsulates both his experience of living in the Aberlour Orphanage in Morayshire from the age of 18 months until he was 11 - having been abandoned at three months - and of his subsequent life. As a black child, Aberlour became his loving family when his birth family was too ashamed of the colour of his skin to own him. Thrived he certainly has: now with a family of his own, David has held some of the most senior positions in social work and in social housing in the UK as well as becoming Professor of Black Canadian Studies at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. He is particularly well placed to reflect on his experience of living in the orphanage. The book provides an account both of his own experiences living there and those of others whom he managed to track down as representatives of the 6,000 children who were cared for during the orphanage’s 92-year history between 1875 and 1967 when it closed its doors. The book is intended as the first of a trilogy. He raises what remains a key question in residential care: What are the tools children require in order to develop narratives of their lives featuring resilience, and which are coherent and sustaining throughout their lives? There is something of a mystery here: on the one hand the orphanage was in Goffman’s terms a “total institution” where the children led an enclosed, formally administered round of life. There was very little contact with the local community. Contact between child and birth family ABERLOUR NARRATIVES OF SUCCESS Professor David Divine 20 SURVIVED was discouraged, and ditto with brothers and sisters (even when they too were in the care of Aberlour). Boys and girls were segregated. Removal from Aberlour was sudden with no preparation or even the opportunity for farewells when it came to “the next stage”. And so on. From our perspective, eccentric at the very least or, as Divine admits, it sounds “hard, isolated, structured, authoritative, potentially barbaric and Dickensian.” And yet somehow Aberlour managed to make each child an individual and to find ways of marking their achievements. And more than this, as he notes: “It gave me a belief that I was loved, simply for being me; that I did belong there; that I was valued, wanted and respected. Such a sense of security and seeming permanence, helped me later in life to withstand the trials and tribulations of life, and overcome them and thrive.” And later: “...meanings of ‘family’ were grounded out of life’s touches, the nods in one’s direction, the smiles, the words of encouragement and the knowing when not to say anything, just be there for someone in pain; physical touches, positive human contact, opportunities opening up for warmth, embracing the potential for the creation and maintenance of relationships which matter.” As well as the warmth and relationships, another important ingredient was that the orphanage, in his words “strove to occupy the residents’ lives with a variety of activities primarily geared to building health and strength and the acquisition of practical skills, independence, confidence and self-worth. It hired staff, who it thought had unique and marketable talents which could be passed on to the children and young people. In many instances it worked.” The level of risk-taking which was allowed was, by our standards, startling. Children died from drowning, sledging and other accidents - in individual cases tragic, of course, but on the other hand so many had fun and adventurous developmental opportunities which would be unlikely now. The interplay of what we bring to the table in terms of our own innate characteristics and strengths, and what our childhood environment offers is ultimately unknowable. I guess there will have been children who certainly did not thrive or flourish in the orphanage. But what this book suggests to me is that for many of those who hadn’t been crushed beyond repair by early abuse or neglect, Aberlour Orphanage certainly offered something critical to development, and I find myself grateful to have worked within the humane culture which has persisted post-Orphanage days, and to David Divine for this very moving account. Mastering Social Work Values and Ethics Farrukh Akhtar Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012 ISBN 978-1-84905-274-0, £17.99 Reviewed by Jessica Proctor, Independent Practice Teacher TO COMPILE and present the values and ethics of social work in a short, instructive and accessible format must have been a daunting task. The author has broken such a mammoth subject area into logical, useful sections and introduces in the first chapter a framework, the Values matrix, that becomes ever more complex and useful when revisited in subsequent chapters, which is particularly well illustrated in Chapter Three, which focuses on Changing Values in Professional Life. The section focusing on power in direct work is especially good. This is not an easy topic to present from a value-neutral stance but that is achieved here without avoiding unresolved, but important, issues such as the extent to which social work is indeed a “profession”. There are some noteworthy achievements. The often excluding language of values and ethics is embedded into a discussion of the daily, individual practice of social work with ease. The author uses a frank, balanced and neutral tone to present sometimes very challenging dilemmas and avoids making declarations or offering solutions. Rostrum The end result is that the reader is presented with practical challenges alongside either relatively new (such as ‘cultural competence’ - Chapter Five) or at least usefully compiled (e.g. Thompson’s PCS model - Chapter Four) information with which to analyse them, and then asked to reflect on their own feelings, experiences and ideas. There are some notable omissions in a number of chapters: Mindfulness is mentioned often, though without suitable references to Mindfulness research; Emotional Intelligence, which is a key focus though no author or researcher other than Daniel Goleman is named; elements of Transactional Analysis are presented without any direct reference to this major school of thought and practice (Berne gets a mention); the Scottish context in terms of legislation, policy, education and care and protection, seems not to exist. As well as being puzzled by some of the omissions above, I felt at times talked -down to in a way that impaired my ability to enjoy and benefit from an otherwise very useful work. I felt particularly let down in Chapter Two, at the end of a section that otherwise presented the ethical foundations of social work in a usefully demystifying way, when I was presented with a clumsily composed “fairytale” (not to mention a quiz complete with upside down answers at the bottom of the page); attempts, I think, at repeating the key points of each to help the reader learn. This may have been an attempt to be helpful or inclusive but I don’t think I will be alone in feeling offended by encountering such devices in a volume that is aimed at readers who already have some degree of knowledge, proficiency and experience, not to mention possibly years of hard-won practice wisdom. What this volume has unquestionably achieved is to promote and foster reflection in and on social work practice in all its “swampy” glory, which I do feel is an increasingly vital aim. In spite of some of the distracting “teaching” methods highlighted, this author’s over-riding good sense, sound and obvious underpinning knowledge base and very evident breadth of experience ensure that this volume will give even busy, pressurised social work practitioners the motivation to follow up on much of the recommended reading and provide some sanction to take the time to revisit the emotional aspects and impact of the work they carry out. July 2013 Digital life story work: Using technology to help young people make sense of their experiences Simon P Hammond and Neil J Cooper British Association for Adoption & Fostering, 2013 ISBN 978-1-90758-567-8, £15.95 Reviewed by Mike Martin, Independent Social Care Consultant IMAGINE my surprise! Having offered to review this I had anticipated receiving a CD-based guide. Not at all. This is a well produced 107-page book. It is designed to support professionals working with adolescents on life story work, and to offer guidance on using a medium that overcomes some of the reluctance of older children to what they might perceive and thus devalue as a childish form of engagement. I am sure the approaches advocated will open the minds of many and allow them to access the benefits and opportunities that can come from life story work which might otherwise have passed them by. Although it has been produced to work with a specific group, I have no hesitation in recommending it as something that can be used with a wider constituency, including younger children. Social care workers, foster carers, social workers and indeed a range of other professionals will find this a valuable aid to work with teenagers. An initial chapter considers why one should consider doing digital life story work and is followed by the longest chapter in the book, which introduces nine different digital projects for use in different circumstances or to achieve different ends. There is a simple and common formula applied to most: Title; Time Frame required (varying between two hours and a day); What You Need (technology and aids such as photographs); What You Need to Do (including straightforward instructions and handy tips); Result (essentially what the young person will have at the end of the process); Take Care (some straightforward guidance on how material can prove problematic and what to do about it); Digital Life Story Work Elements (a tie-in to traditional concepts associated with the approach); and Extending the Project (ideas on how a particular project can be taken forward. There follow shorter chapters addressing: how to work with young people on projects; planning work; creating the content; production; completing the project; and, towards tomorrow (a promotion of the idea that the project engaged with is not necessarily the end point, but potentially a start or step in what could be a longer journey). There are a series of practical appendices, including a useful section on cyberbullying resources (incidentally it takes a sensible no-nonsense approach to risks, technological and otherwise). Why do I think it is worth buying and I do? It is a simple and practical guide offering something important by way of a tool to work with folk who might otherwise be difficult to engage with effectively, or at all. It will provide a starting point to thinking about how technology can be used in other ways and stimulate ideas on more than the nine projects suggested. It is an attractively produced publication and lastly, remarkably good value. Effective Working with Neglected Children and their Families: Linking Interventions to Longterm Outcomes Elaine Farmer and Eleanor Lutman Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012 ISBN 978-1-84905-288-7, £25 Reviewed by Mark Hardy, Children and Families Social Worker, Edinburgh City Council NEGLECT is a significant issue that all children and families practitioners will come across. There is a range of literature on the causes and consequences of neglect. Until recently however, there had been little research on the subject to help inform practice. Given what we know about the adverse consequences for children of experiencing neglect, this presents a crucial gap as 21 Rostrum practitioners need to be able to intervene effectively and confidently to avoid children being exposed to harm. This particular title addresses two principal questions: do professionals intervene effectively and are children kept safe once neglect has been identified? And what are the outcomes for children after five years? The contents are sub-divided and sequenced sensibly. The introduction includes a definition of neglect, descriptions of different types of neglect and a summary of the already existing literature. There follows a succinct description of the study methodology. The authors go on to look at the backgrounds of the 138 children in the sample, including adversities they faced and the services and interventions they were provided with. The sample was taken from data collected in a previous study on reunification. All children were aged up to 14 and had been returned home from care in six local authorities in England over the course of a year. Case management is considered in two chapters, firstly looking at how risk was responded to and secondly how parents and children were worked with. The perspectives of social workers, parents and children are then examined before looking at children’s outcomes. Finally, the authors draw implications for social work policy and practice. This is a critical account of policy, systems and practice in addressing child neglect and as such turns the spotlight on both good and bad examples. It makes for some discomforting reading on both a personal and professional level as there are numerous examples of children having been let down by poor practice and reunified with parents only to suffer further harm. Particular pitfalls are over-optimism and habituation to the poor conditions in which we see people surviving. Although case management comes under the closest scrutiny, the system and policy failures contributing to this are also made clear, such as poor supervision, inappropriate closure of cases, frequent changes of worker and a lack of appropriate intervention services. And while the legislative context and systems are different in Scotland than in England, it would be wishful thinking to believe that none of these issues occur north of the border. Rather than just being critical however, there are many instances of good practice and clear indications of what helps promote positive outcomes. For practitioners, this means being pro-active, setting clear expectations of what needs to change, sticking to timescales, knowing case histories and viewing incidents within this case knowledge. In line with the zeitgeist, early intervention is emphasised. Intervention services need to be intensive and sometimes prolonged. There is a wider question for managers and policy makers of how best to support practitioners under intense pressure to meet these standards, particularly in this age of austerity. The findings here should be requisite knowledge for all those concerned in promoting child welfare, regardless of their professional discipline. Publications for review The following have been received by the Editor and are available for review in Rostrum. From the British Association for Adoption and Fostering Proud Parents: Lesbian and gay fostering and adoption experiences Edited by Nicola Hill, 2013 978-1-90758-566-1, 170 pages, £13.95 Ten Top Tips for Supporting Education Eileen Fursland with Kate Cairns and Chris Stanway, 2013 ISBN 978-1-90758-571-5, 122 pages, £9.95 Parenting a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder Paul Carter, 2013 ISBN 978-1-90758-569-2, 98 pages, £7.95 Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Adoptive Families Laura Mellish, Sarah Jennings, Fiona Tasker, Michael Lamb and Susan Golombek, 2013 ISBN 978-1-90758-565-4, 40 pages, £9.95 Parenting a child with Developmental Delay Pamela Bartram with Sue and Jim Clifford, 2013 ISBN 978-1-90758-570-8, 94 pages, £7.95 From Dunedin Academic Press Social Work with Fathers: Positive Practice Gary Clapton, 2013 ISBN 978-1-78046-008-6, 128 pages, £16.95 From Jessica Kingsley Publishers Good Practice in Promoting Recovery and Healing for Abused Adults Edited by Jacki Pritchard, 2013 ISBN 978-1-84905-372-3, 256 pages, £22.99 Hearing Young People Talk About Witnessing Domestic Violence: Exploring Feelings, Coping Strategies and Pathways to Recovery Susan Collis and Gill Hague, 2012 ISBN 978-1-84905-378-5, 160 pages, £19.99 A review copy will be sent to anyone interested. Reviews for the next edition to be received by 1 September 2013 Contact: SASW Office, Tel: 0131 221 9445 Email: [email protected] 22 Rostrum Diary Dates September 25 Child Welfare in a Digital Age: Evolving technologies, emerging risks and developing responses COSLA Conference Centre, Edinburgh Email: [email protected] September 27 Integrating Adult Health and Social Care Conference Edinburgh Email: [email protected] October 1 The day will include the presentation of The Wilma MacDonald Award for the SASW MHO of the Year Email: [email protected] (See Back Page) October 3 Partnership for Progress: Centre for Excellence for Looked After Children in Scotland 2013 Conference Hilton Grosvenor Hotel, Edinburgh Email: [email protected] Supporting MHOs in a Changing World SASW MHO Forum Annual Study Conference Perth Concert Hall Email: [email protected] October 21 BASW Committees SASW Office July16 August 26 - Bank Holiday September 16 - Autumn Holiday Council, Birmingham July 22-23 Managers Meeting, Birmingham August 13 Rostrum Editorial Group September 2-3 Managers Meeting, Birmingham September 4 Scotland Committee September 4 Dementia - A National Priority Surgeon’s Hall, Edinburgh Email: [email protected] Office Closed Forth Valley Branch News Robin Duncan, Rena Phillips and I had a very useful meeting with Pam Gillespie, Workforce Development Manager at Falkirk Council, to discuss the possibility of holding a joint study day. We are grateful to Margaret Anderson, Director of Social Work Services, for her support and encouragement. We are looking to devise a programme on the social work role in drug and alcohol misuse, an issue which affects the lives of many “looked after” children; those with mental health problems seeking to alleviate their symptoms; and increasingly, many older people as well as those in the criminal justice system. The event is likely to be in September and will be free to SASW members. There will be a charge, to be calculated, for non-members. Kate Pryde, Co-chair, Email: [email protected] Ruth Stark, Social Worker Manager of SASW, and Jane Lindsay, Advice and Representation Officer for the Social Workers Union/SASW, are due to retire in the summer and autumn of this year. If you would like more information about their retiral presentations, or how to contribute to their leaving gifts, please contact Johan Grant at: [email protected] Finance and Human Resources Committee, Birmingham Next Rostrum September 5 Rostrum No 114 in October 2013. Copy deadline 1 September 2013. Circulation 1400. Subscription for non-members £16 per annum. Policy, Ethics and Human Rights Committee, Birmingham September 17 International Committee September 23 Council, Birmingham July 2013 To find out more about our competitive advertising rates please contact Johan Grant, National Administrator Tel: 0131 221 9445, Fax: 0131 221 9444, Email: [email protected] To view Rostrum online, visit our website at: www.basw.co.uk/rostrum 23 The Wilma MacDonald Award SASW MHo of the year Are you working beside, or do you know, a Mental Health Officer who has inspired others, who has led by example and has gone beyond what was expected? Do you know someone who has the dedication and commitment to achieve positive outcomes, someone who makes a real connection with people? You do? Nominate them for The Wilma MacDonald Award for SASW MHO of the Year by downloading the nomination form from www.basw.co.uk/scotland (see SASW Awards section) Closing Date for Nominations: 2 September 2013 Last Year’s winner Liz Snodgrass The Award will be presented at the SASW MHO Annual Study Conference on 1st October 2013 at Perth Concert Hall
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