Things Statisticians Wanted To Know About the Tourism Satellite

NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD
Date of Release June 2012
Reference Code 2012-001
Things Statisticians
Wanted To Know About
the Tourism Satellite
Account
But Were Afraid To Ask
By
Romulo A. Virola, Regina S. Reyes,
Florande S. Polistico and Aileen S. Oliveros
Presented during the Philippine Statistical AssociationDepartment of Tourism Annual Conference 2011
26-27 September 2011
Sarabia Manor Hotel and Convention Center
Iloilo City
Table of Contents
I. Tourism statistics and tourism satellite account: An overview . . . . . . .
1
1.1 Trends of tourism: Globally and locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Importance of tourism statistics/indicators
and tourism satellite account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
II. Tourism statistics and tourism satellite account:
Methodological framework, concepts and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
International frameworks and standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic concepts and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Development of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) . . . . . . . . . .
The TSA and the System of National Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TSA Tables and Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
7
11
11
13
III. Philippine Tourism Satellite Account (PTSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 The role of global development in tourism statistics
and TSA in Philippine setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
3.2 Framework of the Philippine Tourism Satellite Account . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Institutional initiatives in the Philippine Statistical System
on the PTSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Data support and relevant agencies in the compilation
of the PTSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 PTSA milestones over the years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
14
15
15
22
26
IV. Results and discussion (PTSA estimates, 2000-2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.1 Demand side: Tourism consumption/expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 Supply side: Production of tourism goods and services . . . . . . . . 29
4.3 Employment in tourism industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
V. Challenges and areas of future concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
List of Figures
Figure A. Visitor Arrival to ASEAN Countries, 2004-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure B. The Philippine Statistical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
List of Tables
Table A. International Tourist Arrivals by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Table B. Visitor Arrivals to the Philippines and Visitor Receipts . . . . . . . .
4
Table C. Visitor Arrivals and Receipts, Boracay……………………………... 5
Table D. Foreign Visitor Arrivals, Boracay, Bali, Phuket …………………… 6
Annex
Annex A Initiatives Towards the Development of Philippine Tourism Satellite
Account
Annex B PTSA Estimates, 2000-2010
Table 1. Inbound Tourism Expenditure by Product, 2000-2010
Table 2. Domestic Tourism Expenditure by Product, 2000-2010
Table 3. Outbound Tourism Expenditure by Product, 2000-2007
Table 4. Internal Tourism Expenditure by Product, 2000-2010
Table 5 Production accounts on tourism industries and other industries, 2000
Table 6a Gross Value Added of Tourism Industries (GVATI), 2000-2010
Table 6b Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA), 2000-2010
Table 7 Total Employment in the Philippines and Employment in
Tourism Industries, 2000-2010
Things Statisticians Wanted To Know About the Tourism Satellite Account
But Were Afraid To Ask1
by
Romulo A. Virola, Regina S. Reyes, Florande S. Polistico, & Aileen S. Oliveros
ABSTRACT
Tourism, widely considered as a powerful driver of economic growth is one of the key
priority areas of the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016. With many attractive
destinations to offer to tourists, tourism is one industry where the country enjoys comparative
advantage. Like any other industry, there is a need to come up with reliable statistics and
indicators by which the industry’s economic contribution can be measured and which will be
useful in the formulation of policies and programs for the sector. However unlike other
industries such as mining, manufacturing, transportation, storage and communication, etc.
which are well-delineated in the classification systems used in the compilation of the national
accounts, tourism cuts across many economic sectors, making it difficult to directly measure
its economic contribution. Using the framework of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA), it is
possible to quantify the contribution of tourism to the economy within the context of the
Philippine System of National Accounts (PSNA).
The Philippines, through the leadership of the National Statistical Coordination Board
and the Department of Tourism, and in collaboration with many agencies, is one of the
countries that have pioneered the compilation of the TSA. This paper discusses the
development of the Philippine Tourism Satellite Account PTSA), the PTSA conceptual
framework, its operationalization in the Philippine Statistical System (PSS), and some
results.
KEYWORDS: tourism, visitor, economic contribution, system of national accounts,
tourism satellite account, demand perspective, supply perspective
I.
1.1
Tourism statistics and tourism satellite account: An overview
Trends of tourism: Globally and locally
Over the decades, the world has experienced continued development because of the
advances in transportation and technology. In addition, the liberalization of trade has made
the world truly global that allows people to transact business in ways previously
unimaginable. With the fast-paced globalization, a person can now travel back and forth to a
neighboring country instantly.
An important industry that has taken advantage of the benefits of the fast-paced
globalization is travel and tourism – a demand oriented industry that cuts across other
industries. A traveler avails of products and services of industries that are related to tourism,
directly or indirectly. A traveler would need transportation and its infrastructures,
accommodation, food and other personal items, souvenirs and indigenous products of the
destination, and services for activities like sports, cultural shows, health and spa treatments,
1
Presented during the Philippine Statistical Association-Department of Tourism Annual Conference 2011,
conducted on 26-27 September 2011 at the Sarabia Manor Hotel and Convention Center, Iloilo City
[1 / 36]
etc. Thus, development of the tourism sector would mean that there has to be a
corresponding development in other industries servicing tourism – from micro to large
business enterprises, without which tourism activities would be unsustainable. Each
destination has to have an environment suitable to tourism, thereby creating opportunities for
other industries to flourish. Travel and tourism has become sort of an umbrella industry,
touching many other production sectors in a country. Therefore, it would be more accurate
to describe tourism not as an industry in its strict definition but as an economic activity that
cross-cuts many industries2.
Tourism plays a role “in fostering global competitiveness on international trade,
wealth creation and regional development” and is recognized for its great potential in helping
countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals set by the international community in
20003, specifically on poverty alleviation (IRTS 2008). Further, tourism can contribute
towards a better understanding and appreciation of the differences and similarities of our
various cultures – towards world peace.
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the leading international
organization in the field of tourism serves as the global forum for tourism policy issues and a
practical source of tourism know-how. The UNWTO4 describes tourism as an economic and
social phenomenon that has experienced continued growth and diversification to become
one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors of the world. The UNWTO 5
reported that in 2010, international tourism worldwide rebounded with international tourist
arrivals expanding by 6.6 percent from a decline of 3.8 percent in 2009 (Table A), and grew
at an average of 3.4 percent annually in 2000 – 2010. Over the past decades, in spite of
occasional shocks, international tourist arrivals have shown virtually uninterrupted growth:
from 25 million in 1950, to 277 million in 1980, to 435 million in 1990, to 675 million in 2000.
and 940 million in 2010. For the 6-year period from 2004-2010, tourist receipts grew at an
average of 6.4 percent annually. The report further noted that the overall export income
generated by inbound tourism, including passenger transport, exceeded US$ 1 trillion in
2010, or close to US$ 3 billion a day. Tourism exports account for as much as 30 percent of
the world‟s exports of commercial services and 6.0 percent of overall exports of goods and
services.
Table A INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS BY REGION
(in million)
INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS
(in million)
REGION
World
By UNWTO regions
Europe
Asia and Pacific
Americas
Africa
Middle East
1990
435
261.5
55.8
92.8
14.8
9.6
1995
528
304.1
82.0
109.0
18.9
13.7
2000
675
385.6
110.1
128.2
26.5
24.1
2005
798
2008
917
439.4
153.6
133.3
35.4
36.3
485.2
184.1
147.8
44.4
55.2
2009
882
416.5
180.9
140.6
46.0
52.9
Market
Share (%)
2010*
940
476.6
203.8
149.8
49.4
60.3
2010
100
50.7
21.7
15.9
5.2
6.4
Average
Annual
Growth (%)
08-09 09-10*
00-10*
-3.8
6.6
3.4
Change (%)
-4.9
-1.7
-4.9
3.7
-4.3
3.3
12.7
6.4
7.3
14.1
2.1
6.3
1.6
6.4
9.6
* provisional figure
Source: Tourism Highlights 2011 Edition, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO(
2
The International Recommendations on Tourism Statistics (IRTS) 2008 has a list of tourism industries based on the
International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) Rev 4. .
3
th
United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Development Goals in its 55 Session on 18 September 2000
4
http://www2.unwto.org/en/content/why-tourism Why Tourism?, UNWTO.
5
http://unwto.org/facts/eng/highlights.htm. Tourism Highlights, Edition 2011, UNWTO. Tourism Highlights presents a concise
overview of international tourism in the world based on the results for the year 2010.
[2 / 36]
The UNWTO's Tourism 2020 Vision recognizes the great potential of tourism, and
forecasts that international arrivals will reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020 6. But while
the positive contributions of tourism are obvious, it is recognized that “tourism, like many
other activities, might also contribute in creating irreversible damage to the environment,
through pressure on fragile ecosystems, through construction of resorts or roads that destroy
the natural sights and heritage, through the pressure that is exerted on land, water and air
and through diverse processes of all kinds generating pollution, discharge of residuals,
erosion, deforestation, etc.”; it is thus recommended that linking tourism and sustainability be
considered as a priority in further IRTS development. (IRTS 2008)
In the Philippines, tourism is considered a top priority for national development in
view of its potential in boosting the country‟s economy. In recognition of its importance to the
country, a national policy on tourism was passed – the Republic Act Numbered 9593
otherwise known as Tourism Act of 2009. With this Act, the State declares tourism “as an
indispensable element of the national economy and an industry of national interest and
importance, which must be harnessed as an engine of socio-economic growth and cultural
affirmation to generate investment, foreign exchange and employment and to continue to
mold an enhanced sense of national pride for all Filipinos”.
The Philippine Development Plan (PDP)7 2011-2016 has put tourism as one of the
key priority areas that are job generating and where the country enjoys comparative
advantage, and with high growth potential. To enhance the country‟s competitiveness as a
tourist destination, the Plan has identified strategic destination areas for tourism, and listed
down proactive measures that the government needs to undertake which include among
others, the formulation of a national tourism development plan (NTDP) as the framework for
the identification of tourism destinations and products, tourism infrastructure, marketing and
promotion strategies, and basis for the formulation of local tourism development plans of the
local government units (LGUs).
The Department of Tourism (DOT) reported that despite the global, national
economic, political and social upheavals, the tourism sector remained resilient. As a result of
continued efforts to boost the tourism sector, visitor arrivals in the Philippines have been
growing at more than seven percent annually since 2004, reaching 3.52 million visitors by
the end of 2010. Looking at the tourist receipts, income generated from inbound visitors
grew at an average annual rate of 3.8 percent, from US$ 1.99 billion in 2004 to US$ 2.49
billion in 2010 (Table B). Ratio of tourism receipts to total exports averaged 4.2 percent
annually from 2000-2010. Indeed, tourism offers excellent opportunities for economic
growth brought about by the influx of foreign exchange earnings coming from tourist
expenditures
6
http://unwto.org/facts/eng/vision.htm Tourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term forecast and
assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium.
7
A plan based on President Aquino‟s “Social Contract with the People” with the vision of achieving inclusive growth, creating
employment opportunities, and reducing poverty.
[3 / 36]
Table B
VISITOR ARRIVALS TO THE PHILIPPINES AND VISITOR RECEIPTS
VISITOR ARRIVALS TO THE PHILIPPINES AND VISITOR RECEIPTS
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2004-2010
Arrivals
Levels
% Growth
2,291,352
2,623,084
14.5
2,843,345
8.4
3,091,993
8.7
3,139,422
1.5
3,017,099
-3.9
3,520,472
16.7
7.4
US$
1,990.8
2,236.1
3,465.0
2,957.1
2,428.7
2,235.9
2,490.2
Receipts (in million)
% Growth
PhP
111,569.5
12.3
123,058.7
55.0
177,572.8
-14.7
136,664.3
-17.9
106,081.8
-7.9
106,380.6
11.4
112,324.1
3.8
% Growth
10.3
44.3
-23.0
-22.4
0.3
5.6
0.1
Source: Department of Tourism (DOT)
In terms of market share, the Philippines is slowly increasing its share of world tourist
arrivals from 0.30 percent in 2004 to 0.37 percent in 2010, and to Asia and the Pacific
arrivals from 1.59 percent in 2004 to 1.73 percent in 2010.
However, among our seven ASEAN neighbors, the Philippines has the 2nd lowest
number of visitor arrivals during the period 2004-2010, and shared around 5.0 to 5.2 percent
of visitor arrivals. (Figure A). Malaysia consistently topped the list, receiving on the average
35.9 percent of the total visitors in the region, followed by Thailand with 24.7 percent;
Singapore, 13.8 percent; and Indonesia and Viet Nam with 10.3 percent and 7.0 percent,
respectively. Cambodia ranked seventh, cutting in 3.1 percent of the pie. Worth noting is
that between 2004 and 2010, growth of visitor arrivals in the Philippines was higher than
Singapore, Thailand, and Indonesia.
Figure A. Visitor Arrivals to ASEAN Countries
2004-2010 (% Share)
Philippines
5%
Vietnam
7%
Cambodia
3%
Malaysia
36%
Indonesia
10%
Singapore
14%
Thailand
25%
Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
[4 / 36]
The DOT reports that of the total of 19.13 million visitors who stayed in
accommodation establishments in 2010, about 14.93 million or 78.1 percent were domestic
visitors, 4.0 million or 20.9 percent were foreign visitors, and 0.2 million or 1.0 percent were
“balikbayan”.
Based on the same set of data obtained from accommodation establishments, the
province of Camarines Sur topped all provinces with 2.3 million visitors in 2010, 48.8 percent
higher than the 1.6 million visitors in 2009. Metro Manila and Cebu province came in next
with 2.3 million and 1.8 million visitors, respectively. Boracay island registered 0.8 million
and Baguio City, 0.7 million visitors. Puerto Princesa City registered the highest growth at
50.7 percent, from 268.9 thousand visitors in 2009 to 405.4 thousand visitors in 2010.
Meanwhile, statistics generated by the DOT Regional Office VI, Boracay, the beach
capital of the Philippines, showed that visitor head count and tourist receipts in the worldfamous island have been consistently increasing for the last 10 years since year 2001. The
highest increase in visitor arrivals was in 2004 with 26.3 percent from 339,434 visitors in
2003 to 428,755. In 2010, Boracay received a total of 779,666 visitors up by 20.0 percent
from 649,559 visitors in 2009. Correspondingly, tourist receipts have been steadily
increasing from PhP 4.9 billion in 2001 to PhP 14.3 billion in 20108 or at an average rate of
12.7 percent (Table C).
Table C. Visitor Arrivals and Receipts, Boracay
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Visitor Arrivals & Receipts, Boracay: 2001-2010
Visitor Arrivals
Foreign
Domestic
OFs
Total
76,475
188,332
0
264,807
77,892
221,600
1,300
300,792
84,747
251,704
2,983
339,434
121,023
291,279
16,453
428,755
155,744
321,893
21,820
499,457
183,427
340,602
30,152
554,181
208,870
359,433
28,404
596,707
197,376
404,807
32,080
634,263
192,873
432,271
24,415
649,559
278,531
474,097
27,038
779,666
Table D. Foreign Visitor Arrivals
Boracay, Bali, Phuket
%
Change
15.21
13.59
12.85
26.31
16.49
10.96
7.67
6.29
2.41
20.03
Source publication: Factsheet, NSCB Region VI
Souce of Basic Data: Department of Tourism (DOT) Region VI
Receipts
(in Php)
4,868,053,004
5,529,579,653
6,239,950,995
7,881,974,666
9,181,717,814
10,187,730,995
10,969,503,464
11,659,910,434
11,941,102,921
14,332,911,944
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Boracay
Foreign
76,475
77,892
84,747
121,023
155,744
183,427
208,870
197,376
192,873
278,531
Bali
Foreign
1,525,994
1,454,804
1,328,929
1,741,935
2,081,786
2,384,819
2,546,023
Phuket
Interntl
1,183,635
1,692,598
Source: Bali - Directorate General of Immigration
and Center Statistic Board
Phuket- Phuket Magazine, May 23, 2011
Between the period 2004 and 2010, growth of foreign visitor arrivals in Boracay was
higher than in Bali. However, compared to Bali and Phuket, Boracay received only 0.3
million foreign visitors while Bali and Phuket received 2.5 million and 1.7 million foreign
visitors, respectively, in 2010 (Table D).
It should be noted though, that Bali and Phuket
have international ports that provide direct access to travellers.
1.2
8
Importance of tourism statistics/indicators and tourism satellite account (TSA)
Based on NSCB RD6 Factsheet posted on May 12, 2011 http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru6/FS-Tourism-Boracay2011.htm
[5 / 36]
Like any other industry, there is a need to come up with reliable statistics and
indicators by which we can determine the viability and the performance of tourism.
Qualitative observation is neither suitable nor sufficient for potential investors and for
development planners. The relevance of statistics and indicators is without doubt immense
for those interested in determining the contribution of tourism, whether in the public or the
private sector. According to UNWTO/UNEP9, indicators illustrate the following five (5)
points:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Current state of the industry
Stresses on the current system
Impact of tourism
Management efforts and
Effect of management actions
For managers and investors, it is important to know the current trends of the industry.
The trends will show what market is flourishing and what market needs attention. The
current state may also indicate the availability of products needed by tourists and what
needs are not being addressed. The steady growth of influx of tourists will mean a
corresponding growth in tourism-related establishments. And a tourism statistical framework
should be able to show that the development of a tourism product is largely dependent on
the characteristics or actions or even the lack thereof of consumers.
Knowing the stresses, impacts, and current state would clarify the goals of the
tourism sector stakeholders. Management interventions are adjustments to the
administration or to the implementation strategy of tourism-related programs or projects.
Reliable data make it possible to make good decisions on the appropriate interventions to
make.
Regular and updated tourism statistics would likewise enable the evaluation of
management efforts and make them more effective. Management of the tourism sector
should be an ongoing spiral of progress as it is with the development of the tourism
statistical system.
The identification of the stresses and impact of tourism to the current system can be
enhanced by a good tourism database. It is important to know for example if the community
is responding well to tourism activities. While it may be true that tourism is a financially
rewarding activity, it may be a threat to the community‟s current sources of basic needs or to
the environment hosting the activity. Limits should be identified and a good measurement
system must be in place. Statistical inferences regarding trade-offs in tourism activities
enable objective decisions and they are helped by the availability and accessibility of a
sound tourism database.
Surely, individual countries have tried in varying degrees to develop ways to measure
tourism. As the IRTS 2008 says, “Tourism Statistics are necessary for designing marketing
strategies, strengthening inter-institutional relations, evaluating the efficiency and
effectiveness of management decisions, and measuring tourism throughout the national
economy”.
Specifically, tourism statistics and tourism satellite accounts provide us the means by
which we can measure the size, economic contribution, and social impact of tourism.
9
UNWTO / UNEP Making Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers
[6 / 36]
II.
Tourism Statistics and Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) Methodological
Framework: Concepts and Definitions
2.1
International Frameworks and Standards
To aid countries in their compilation of tourism statistics, the UNWTO together with
the Commission of the European Communities (Eurostat), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), has come
up with international standards in order to make tourism statistics comparable worldwide,
such as the: a) International Recommendations in Tourism Statistics (IRTS), and b) Tourism
Satellite Accounts: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF). The IRTS and
TSA: RMF are continuously updated, the latest of which are the IRTS 2008 and TSA: RMF
2008. The Philippines participated in the worldwide consultation on the revision of the IRTS
and the TSA: RMF by providing series of responses to the questionnaires sent by the
UNWTO.
The main objective of IRTS 2008 is to present a system of definitions, concepts,
classifications and indicators that are internally consistent and that facilitate the link to the
conceptual frameworks of the Tourism Satellite Account, national accounts, the balance of
payments and labour statistics, among others. In addition, general guidance with respect to
data sources and data compilation methods is also provided. Complementing the IRTS
2008 in providing practical guidelines to countries in the development of their tourism
statistics, is the IRTS 2008 Compilation Guide.
Because the IRTS 2008 already provides basic conceptual consistency with other
statistical frameworks (IRTS 2008, para. 1.31) such as the 2008 System of National
Accounts (SNA) and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual
(BPM6), the TSA: RMF 2008 builds upon this consistency and provides an additional
resource to link tourism statistics to the standard tables of the 2008 SNA.
The TSA: RMF 2008 is aimed at integrating the measurement of tourism as an
economic phenomenon within the mainstream of macroeconomic statistics. Its history and
development is strongly related to that of IRTS 2008. Hence, it should be considered from
two different perspectives:

As a statistical tool that complements the concepts, definitions, aggregates,
classifications already presented in the IRTS 2008, and articulate them into analytical
tables for regions, countries or groups of countries, and at the same time, make
these estimates comparable with other internationally recognized macroeconomic
aggregates and compilations;

As the framework to guide countries in the further development of the system of
tourism statistics, the main objective being the completion of the TSA, which could be
viewed as a synthesis of such a system.
2.2
Basic concepts and definitions
Tourism satellite account can be viewed from two perspectives, from the demand
side, which refers to the demand for goods and services associated with tourism, and from
the supply side, which refers to the supply of these goods and services.
2.2.1
The Demand Perspective
[7 / 36]
The demand perspective of the TSA introduces the concept of tourism expenditure
and tourism consumption, as well as tourism collective consumption and tourism gross fixed
capital formation; hence, the following concepts need to be understood.
Travel/traveler - Travel refers to the activity of travellers. A traveller is someone
who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and any duration
(IRTS 2008, para. 2.4).
Travel within a country by residents is called domestic travel. Travel to a country by
non-residents is called inbound travel, whereas travel outside a country by residents
is called outbound travel (IRTS 2008, para. 2.5).
Trip refers to the travel by a person from the time of departure from his usual
residence until he/she returns: it thus refers to a round trip. A trip is made up of visits
to different places (IRTS 2008, para. 2.33).
An inbound trip will correspond to the travel between arriving in a country and
leaving, whereas a domestic trip or an outbound trip will correspond to the travel
between leaving the place of residence and returning. A domestic trip has a main
destination in the country of residence of the traveller, while an outbound trip has a
main destination outside this country (IRTS 2008, para. 2.31)
A visitor is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual
environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other
personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or
place visited. These trips taken by visitors qualify as tourism trips. Tourism refers
to the activity of visitors (IRTS 2008, para 2.9).
The usual environment of an individual, a key concept in tourism, is defined as the
geographical area (though not necessarily a contiguous one) within which an
individual conducts his/her regular life routines (IRTS 2008, para 2.21). The purpose
of introducing the concept of usual environment is to exclude from visitors those
travelers commuting regularly between their place of usual residence and place of
work or study, or frequently visiting places within their current life routine, for instance
homes of friends and relatives, shopping centers, religious, health-care or any other
facilities that might be at a substantial distance away or in a different are but are
regularly and frequently visited (IRTS 2008, para 2.23).
Tourism is a subset of travel and visitors are a subset of travellers. These
distinctions are crucial for the compilation of data on flows of travellers and visitors
and for the credibility of tourism statistics (IRTS 2008, para 2.12).
A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight
visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (or
excursionist) otherwise (IRTS 2008, para 2.13).
Forms of tourism
In relation to the country of reference, there are three basic forms of tourism:
(a) Domestic tourism, which comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the
country of reference either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an
outbound tourism trip (IRTS 2008, para 2.39a);
[8 / 36]
(b) Inbound tourism, which comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor within
the country of reference on an inbound tourism trip (IRTS 2008, para 2.39b) ; and
(c) Outbound tourism, which comprises the activities of a resident visitor outside
the country of reference, either as part of an outbound tourism trip or as part of a
domestic tourism trip (IRTS 2008, para 2.39c).
The three basic forms of tourism set forth above can be combined in various ways to
derive other forms of tourism, in which case the following definitions should be used:
(a) Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism, that
is, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of
reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips (IRTS 2008, para
2.40a);
(b) National tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism, that
is, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference,
either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips (IRTS 2008, para 2.40a);
(c) International tourism, which comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism,
that is, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference either as
part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident
visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips (IRTS 2008, para
2.40c).
Tourism expenditure is the amount paid for the acquisition of consumption goods
and services as well as valuables, for own use or to give away, for and during
tourism trips. It includes expenditures by visitors themselves as well as expenses that
are paid for or reimbursed by others (IRTS 2008, para. 2.21)
Tourism consumption has the same formal definition as tourism expenditure.
Nevertheless, the concept of tourism consumption used in the TSA goes beyond that
of tourism expenditure. Actually, besides “the amount paid for the acquisition of
consumption goods and services, as well as valuables for own use or to give away,
for and during tourism trips” that corresponds to monetary transactions (the focus of
tourism expenditure), it also includes services associated with vacation
accommodation on own account, tourism social transfers in kind and other imputed
consumption. (IRTS 2008, para. 2.25)
2.2.2
The Supply Perspective
The supply perspective of the TSA requires the identification of resources used by
visitors on their trips, the consumption of goods and services that they avail of, and the
identification of the economic units that provide these goods and services.
Related
concepts in the collection of statistics on the supply side include:
Goods and services (products) can be specific or non-specific to tourism. Nonspecific products are those that may be consumed incidentally (like toothpaste) by tourist
but are not of significant to tourism analysis in an economic sense.
Products considered specific to tourism can be categorized as either characteristic
or connected.
[9 / 36]
Tourism characteristic goods and services refer to products that are typical for tourism,
which in the absence of visitors, in most countries would probably cease to exist in
meaningful quantity or for which the level of consumption would be significantly reduced and
for which it seems possible to obtain statistical information (IRTS 2008, para 5.10).
Tourism connected goods and services, a residual category, including those that have
been identified as tourism specific in a given country but for which this attribute has not been
acknowledged on a worldwide basis. Countries determine its list of tourism connected
products on the basis of their importance for the understanding of tourism. Examples of
tourism connected products in the Philippine Tourism Statistical Classification System (List
of Tourism Specific Products in the Philippines) are: credit card services, on-line access
services (e-ticketing; on-line booking of airline, hotels, tour packages, etc.; pre-travel
arrangements), atlases and other books of maps or charts.
Tourism characteristic activities are the activities that typically produce tourism
characteristic products. (IRTS 2008, para 5.11).
A tourism industry represents the grouping of those establishments whose main activity is
the same tourism characteristic activity. (TSA: RMF 2008, para. 3.11)
The statistical unit – establishment is defined operationally as “an enterprise or part of an
enterprise that engages in one or predominantly one kind of activity at or from one location
or within one geographical area, for which data are available or can meaningfully be
compiled, that allow the calculation of the operating surplus.” (SNA 1993,para 5.2). The
1993 SNA recommends the use of establishment when describing production processes.
Classification of tourism industry. Tourism industries necessarily serve visitors directly.
Thus, each tourism industry is composed of all establishments whose main activity is a
particular tourism-characteristic activity. As the classification of the establishments is based
on their main activity, establishments having a particular tourism-characteristic activity as a
secondary activity should not be included in this tourism-characteristic industry.
Example: If a travel agency activity (tourism-characteristic activity) is carried out by a
supermarket (not a tourism industry) and this activity has not been delineated as a separate
establishment, then the travel agency services will remain part of the total output of the retail
trade industry and will not appear as part of the travel agency industry.
By the same token, many establishments belonging to tourism industries have secondary
activities that are not tourism-characteristic or have other tourism-characteristic secondary
activities. Tourism industries might produce a mix of different tourism-characteristic products:
this is typically the case of the hotel industry that also has an important activity as provider of
food and beverage serving services
Variables characterizing the tourism industries
(a) Gross value added (GVA). The 1993 SNA defines GVA as the value of output less
the value of intermediate consumption. It is derived by deducting the cost of goods and
services used in the process of production (intermediate inputs) from the total value of
goods and services produced (gross output) during the period. As for all economic
activities within the conceptual framework of the 1993 and 2008 SNA, production of
tourism industries is best described by tables showing the product composition of the
outputs, the product composition of the inputs and the remuneration to the factors of
production involved in the process (TSA: RMF 2008, para 3.31).
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(b) Employment is an important variable in the economic analysis of productive
activities. The compilation of employment generated by the tourism industries is
an equally important endeavor in establishing the contribution of tourism in the
economy. (TSA: RMF 2008, para. 3.36)
(c) Gross fixed capital formation. The 1993 SNA defines gross fixed capital
formation (GFCF) as the “total value of a producer‟s acquisitions, less disposals,
of fixed assets during the accounting period plus certain additions to the value of
non-produced assets realized by the productive activity of institutional units.
Tourism GFCF includes GFCF of tourism industries as well as those of
government agencies providing tourism services. Also included are public
investments on infrastructure such as roads constructed specifically to support
tourism activities.
2.3
Development of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
Although statistical work on tourism may have started in 1937 when the Council of
the League of Nations recommended a definition of “international tourist” for statistical
purposes, work towards the compilation of satellite accounts on tourism started in the late
1970s when France developed plans for the quantification of tourism‟s economic impacts.
This was followed by the efforts of the UNWTO in 1982 to describe tourism following
concepts from the 1968 System of National Accounts (SNA) with the view of achieving
international comparability of tourism statistics. The Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) also attempted to describe the role of tourism in the OECD
economies and came up in 1991 with the Manual on Tourism Economic Accounts. During
the International Conference on Travel and Tourism in Ottawa in 1991, Statistics Canada
presented a scheme to develop a framework to assess tourism economic activities in
relation to other industries in a domestic economy taken from its May 1987 report on a
proposed Tourism Satellite Account10. In 1993, the UN Statistical Commission (UNSC)
adopted the Recommendations on Tourism Statistics as well as the UNWTO‟s Standard
international Classification of Tourism Activities (SICTA). In 1998, the UNWTO Steering
Committee on Statistics approved the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA): The Conceptual
Framework.11 Subsequently, the TSA: Recommended Methodological Framework which
was produced through the collaborative efforts of the Commission of the European
Communities, OECD, UNWTO and the UN was approved by the UNSC during its 31st
session in 2000. The TSA: RMF 2000 was later updated to 2008.
2.4
The TSA and the System of National Accounts
As an internationally prescribed standard, the TSA is aligned with international
macroeconomic frameworks such as the System of National Accounts (SNA) and Balance of
Payments (BOP).
The 1993 and 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA) provide concepts,
definitions, classifications, accounting rules, accounts and tables that constitute a
comprehensive, integrated framework for the estimation of production, consumption, capital
investment, income, stocks and flows of financial and non- financial wealth and other related
economic variables. The 1993 and 2008 SNA include a specific framework showing the
interface between demand for goods and services and the supply of these goods and
services within an economy, namely the supply and use tables.
10
The first results of the Canadian TSA were published in 1994. Other countries that have produced TSAs are
Dominican Republic, Norway, Sweden, Singapore, Mexico, and the United States.
11
The Philippines through DOT Secretary Gemma Cruz-Araneta and Rene R. de los Santos, and NSCB Secretary General
Romulo A. Virola participated in the Steering Committee Meetings.
[11 / 36]
One element of flexibility introduced in the 1993 SNA is the extension of the system
to the so-called functionally-oriented satellite accounts to incorporate new development
concerns. Satellite accounts expand the analytical capacity of the SNA for selected areas of
concerns like education, health, tourism, environment, etc., without overburdening the
central framework. Satellite accounts are linked to but distinct from the central system of the
SNA.
In the SNA, tourism is not an identified industry due to its unique but significant
characteristics. What makes it different from other traditional industries is that of its demand
driven value, rather than the more traditional supply side value. Tourism is what the visitor
does, what the visitor consumes, and what the visitor uses, defined mainly by the purpose of
the activity or the travel trip. Identified tourism products and services are embedded in
different sectors included in the national account. The consumer (the visitor) is also
characterized as temporary wherein at the end of the travel trip, the visitor ceases to exist
contrary to the definition of transactors/consumers in the SNA, making it harder to state it
plainly in the standard system. (TSA: RMF 2008). On the other hand, the industries
enumerated in the SNA are usually defined using the output as its foundation. These specific
characteristics of the visitor cannot be made explicit within the core of the SNA, where
transactors are classified according to relatively permanent characteristics, one of them
being their country of residence (TSA:RMF 2008, para. 1.10).
In order to deal with such situations, the 1993 SNA suggests the use of satellite
accounts, annexed to its core, and which, to an extent to be defined in each case, share its
basic concepts, definitions, classifications and accounting rules (TSA:RMF 2008, para 1.11).
Tourism satellite accounts (TSA) are analytical tools that provide elaboration to the
tourism sector in the context of the SNA. They involve some rearrangement of central
classifications used in the SNA. They may involve some differences from the central system
but they do not change the underlying concepts of the SNA in a fundamental way. Many
elements shown in the TSA are invisible in the central accounts. Either they are explicitly
estimated in the making of the central accounts, but they are for presentation in more
aggregated figures, or they are only implicit components of transactions which are estimated
globally (2008 SNA, para 29.4 - 29.8)
The complete Tourism Satellite Account provides:

Macroeconomic aggregates that describe the size and the economic contribution
of tourism, consistent with similar aggregates for the total economy and for other
productive economic activities and functional areas of interest;

Detailed data on tourism consumption, a more extended concept associated with
the activity of visitors as consumers, and a description of how this demand is met
by domestic supply and imports, integrated within tables derived from supply and
use tables which can be compiled both at current and constant prices;

Detailed production accounts of the tourism industries, including data on
employment, linkages with other productive economic activities and gross fixed
capital formation;

Link between economic data and non-monetary information on tourism, such as
number of trips (or visits), duration of stay, purpose of trip, modes of transport,
etc., which is required to specify the characteristics of the economic variables
(TSA: RMF 2008, para 1.15).
[12 / 36]
2.5
TSA Tables and Accounts
The ten tables that make up the TSA are derived from and related to the supply and
use tables (SUT) of the 1993 SNA. These tables are aggregate tables intended to promote
homogeneity among countries. In them, visitors are broken down into two types, and
products and industries are presented in aggregated categories. The ten recommended
tables based on the TSA: RMF 2008 are the following:
Table 1 Inbound tourism expenditure
Refers to the expenditures of a non-resident visitors (foreign visitors and Philippine
passport holders permanently residing abroad) within the Philippines
Table 2 Domestic tourism expenditure
Refers to the expenditures of resident visitors within the country either as a domestic
trip or part of an international trip
Table 3 Outbound tourism expenditure
Refers to the expenditures of Filipino residents outside the Philippine economy
Table 4 Internal tourism consumption
Refers to the tourism consumption of both resident and non-resident visitors within the
Philippine economy or the sum of inbound tourism expenditure (Table 1) and domestic
tourism expenditure (Table 2).
Table 5 Production accounts of tourism industries and other industries
Table 5 is the supply table, which, though focusing on tourism characteristic products
and tourism industries, includes all products that circulate in the economy of reference
as well as other industries.
Table 6 Total domestic supply and internal tourism consumption
Table 6 presents an overall reconciliation of internal tourism consumption with
domestic supply.
Table 7 Employment of Tourism Industries
This table presents employment in tourism characteristic industries
Table 8 Tourism gross fixed capital formation of tourism industries and other
industries
The 1993 SNA (para 10.33) defines gross fixed capital formation as the “total value of
producer‟s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during the accounting period
plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realized by the productive
activity of institutional units. Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets produced as
outputs from processes of production that are themselves used repeatedly or
continuously in other processes of production for more than one year.” Tourism
investments can be: a) tourism specific fixed assets used exclusively in the production
of tourism characteristic goods and services (e.g., cruise ships, convention centers), b)
[13 / 36]
investment by tourism industries in non tourism specific fixed assets which are fixed
assets considered as tourism-related, not due to the nature of the assets themselves,
but due to the use which is made of them by a tourism industry (e.g., hotel or travel
agency computer system, hotel laundry facilities), and c) tourism related infrastructure
put in place by the government to facilitate tourism (e.g., special road to service a
resort).
Table 9 Tourism collective consumption by products and levels of government
Refers to the provision of non-market services (e.g., legislation, maintenance of order
and security, tax incentives or subsidies to support tourism) by the general government
to create a favorable environment for the development of tourism.
Table 10 Non-monetary indicators
Table 10 presents a few quantitative indicators that are related to the previous tables
and are important for the interpretation of the monetary information presented. The
indicators include number volume, classes of visitors and duration of the stay; physical
indicators regarding types of accommodation; and modes of transport used by nonresident visitors travelling to the economic territory of the country.
III
Philippine Tourism Satellite Account (PTSA)
3.1
The role of global development in tourism statistics and TSA in Philippine
setting
The Philippine Tourism Satellite Account (PTSA) was developed in response to the
need to create a statistical framework wherein tourism‟s economic contribution can be
derived from internationally accepted macroeconomic statistical frameworks. By connecting
tourism statistics to a national macroeconomic system, users may see the total value of
tourism to the whole economic growth and its relationship to the other economic sectors in
the Philippine System of National Accounts (PSNA).
The relationship of tourism with a great variety of economic activities has fostered
interest in measuring its economic contribution, mostly in the places visited, and in assessing
its interdependence with other social and economic activities. As a consequence, a number
of countries including the Philippines and international organizations have been involved in
the development of concepts, frameworks, databases and techniques to make this
measurement possible (TSA: RMF 2008 para 1.2).
The Philippines (NSCB/DOT) was
invited along with Austria, Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Morocco, New Zealand, and South
Africa by the UNWTO to be a member of the newly created Technical Advisory Board (TAB)
to the UNWTO Statistics and TSA Unit. The TAB has been tasked to: (1) provide
recommendations focusing on the construction of a set of guidelines for the development of
the System of Tourism Statistics and the TSA in accordance with the UN 2008
Recommendations; 2) identify issues in the UN 2008 Recommendations that would require
clarification beyond dispute; and 3) provide comments and suggestions on the priorities for
statistical initiatives in the UNWTO Programme of Work. More recently, the Philippines
(NSCB Secretary General) was once again recognized as a national and international leader
on tourism statistics, and was invited to be a Steering Committee Member of the Committee
on Tourism Statistics (COTS) in the International Statistical Institute (ISI). The COTS
whose general goal is to improve the collection, analysis, publication, and use of statistics on
tourism demand, supply, and other economic measures, is an informal association of
persons who have technical, scientific, or professional interest in tourism statistics.
[14 / 36]
3.2
Framework of the Philippine Tourism Satellite Account
With IRTS 2008 and TSA: RMF 2008 as the basic reference for the Philippine TSA,
the PTSA follows the same structure as that of the TSA: RMF 2008 which starts with a
discussion on the demand perspective followed by the supply perspective. The PTSA tables
are likewise patterned after the 10 tables recommended by UNWTO as the centre of the
process of reconciliation of the most relevant economic information related to tourism and of
international comparisons of the economic contribution of tourism to development and
growth. Derived from these tables are the main aggregates which are comparable with other
macro-indicators relating to consumption and value added in a country. These aggregates
are very useful because they provide summary indicators of the size of tourism.
The derived aggregates from the PTSA tables include:
Internal tourism consumption
Since tourism is a demand-side concept, it is proper to give particular relevance to
the aggregates that focus on expenditure and consumption within an economy.
Internal tourism consumption (recorded in Table 4) characterizes globally the
acquisitions by visitors within the economy of reference.
Gross value added of tourism industries (GVATI)
GVATI simply sums the total gross value added of all establishments belonging to
tourism industries, regardless of whether all their output is provided to visitors and
the degree of specialization of their production process. It leaves out the value added
from other non-tourism industries whose outputs have been acquired by visitors or by
others for their benefit.
Tourism direct gross value added (TDGVA)
TDGVA adds the part of gross value added generated by tourism industries and
other industries of the economy that directly serve visitors in response to internal
tourism consumption. TDGVA also includes the part of gross value added associated
with the output of other (non-tourism) industries as long as this output responds to
tourism consumption.
Comparing with GVATI, the latter is a measure of the supply side of tourism, but its
lack of direct links to tourism consumption prevents it from being an acceptable
measure of the importance of tourism for supply. In contrast, TDGVA can provide
measures of the direct economic contribution of tourism in the economy of reference
in the same sense as GVA of any industry does and can be expressed as shares of
total GVA the economy.
Tourism employment
As in any other sector of the economy, employment is an important dimension in the
characterization of tourism and in the acknowledgement of its importance from the
productive, social and strategic points of view.
3.3
Institutional Initiatives in the Philippine Statistical System on the PTSA
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3.3.1
The Philippine Statistical System (PSS)
The Philippine Statistical System (PSS) is a government-wide system of providing
statistical information and services to the public.
The present system as defined in
Executive Order No. 121 - Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System
(PSS) and for Other Purposes dated October 1, 1987, consists of the statistical
organizations at all administrative levels, the personnel therein and the national statistical
program.
These organizations include a policy-making and coordinating body, a statistical
research and training center, a single general purpose statistical agency, and all the
departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the national and local
government and government-owned or controlled corporations and their subsidiaries that are
engaged in statistical activities either as their primary functions or part of their administrative
or regulatory functions. Each institution has its own role and responsibility in the System.
The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) is the highest policy and coordinating
body in the PSS while agencies like the National Statistics Office (NSO), Bureau of
Agricultural Statistics (BAS), Bureau of Labor and Employment (BLES) and various other
departments/agencies that generate statistics as their primary function or as by-products of
their primary functions such as DOT are the data producers. The key players and
corresponding linkages are shown in the chart below:
[16 / 36]
Figure B. The Philippine Statistical System
3.3.2
National Statistical Coordination Board
The NSCB is the highest policy-making and coordinating body on statistical matters
in the country. It was created by virtue of Executive Order No. 121 to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3.3.3
3.3.3.1
Promote and maintain an efficient statistical system in the government;
Formulate policies on all matters relating to government statistical operations;
Recommend executive and legislative measures to enhance the development and
efficiency of the system, including the internal structure of statistical agencies;
Establish appropriate mechanism for statistical coordination at the regional, provincial
and city levels;
Approve the Philippine Statistical Development Program;
Allocate statistical responsibilities among government agencies by designating the
statistics to be collected by them, including their periodicity and content;
Review budgetary proposals involving statistical operations and submit an integrated
budget for the PSS to the DBM;
Review and clear, prior to release, all funds for statistical operations;
NSCB Statistical Coordination Mechanisms
Philippine Statistical Development Program (PSDP)
One of the major statistical coordination mechanisms instituted towards the
development of PTSA is the Philippine Statistical Development Program (PSDP). The
PSDP defines the priority statistical programs and activities to be undertaken during the
program period to improve the generation of sectoral statistics. Prepared every six years by
the NSCB in collaboration with various government agencies, the PSDP provides vital
information support for the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) as well as promote efficiency
of statistical operations through an optimum use of available resources and adoption of cost
effective measures.
The preparation of the PSDP takes into consideration the guidelines in the design of
a National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) formulated by the Partnership
[17 / 36]
in Statistics for the Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21). The NSDS is a strategic
approach being advocated by PARIS21 to provide the information requirements and improve
the statistical base of the countries in monitoring and evaluating national development
programs.
The PSDP 2005-2010 is currently being updated to cover the years 2011 to 2017.
Tourism Statistics is one of the chapters of the PSDP and under this chapter are statistical
development programs on the tourism industry which are aimed at addressing issues and
challenges such as: (1) need for improved data system that will provide for more timely,
reliable and relevant information on tourism; (2) need to improve accessibility of tourism
statistics by all stakeholders at all levels; (3) need to develop/compile new and relevant
statistics/indicators to address emerging concerns and information demands of data users
and stakeholders; (4) inadequate statistical coordination at the sub-national level; (5) need to
enhance appreciation and meaningful utilization of tourism statistics in policy formulation;
and (6) need for statistical capacity building of tourism institutions and local government
units.
Implementation of activities lined up during the program period are being monitored
by the NSCB. Through the PSDP, activities relevant to the compilation of the PTSA were
pursued. These include the: (1) formulation of standard concepts and definitions on tourism
that are consistent with those in IRTS and TSA: RMF; (2) development of Philippine Tourism
Statistical Classification System (PTCSS) which identifies the characteristic and connected
tourism products and services based on the UNWTO-recommended List of Tourism
Characteristics Activities, Products and Durable Goods, the 1994 Philippine Standard
Industrial Classification (PSIC), and the 2002 Philippine Central Product Classification
(PCPC); (3) generation/compilation of new/emerging statistics and indicators such as the
conduct of Household Survey of Domestic Visitors by DOT and NSO; and (4) conduct of
activities for wider dissemination of tourism statistics such as development of Philippine
tourism statistics website, and preparation of Philippine Compendium of Tourism Statistics.
The Compendium presents a wide range of available tourism statistics on: (a) inbound
tourism; (b) outbound tourism; (c) domestic tourism; (d) tourism facilities and services; (e)
international tourism; and (f) eco-tourism. It does not only provide the necessary data
support to PTSA compilation but is also an essential tool for better planning and policy
formulation in the Philippine tourism industry. The Compendium likewise include a glossary
of tourism terms used for statistical purposes, and features demographic profile and travel
characteristics of visitors and statistics relating to Meetings, incentive, Conventions and
Exhibitions (MICE).
Meanwhile, statistical development programs on the tourism industry that will be
pursued under PSDP 2011 - 2017 include: (1) regular conduct of the Household Survey of
Domestic Visitors (HSDV) as source of data on domestic and outbound tourism; (2) regular
conduct of Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines (STEP) as source of data
on tourism supply; (3) improvement of data on travel services in the balance of payments
(BOP); (4) development of data collection systems to generate new indicators such as same
day visitors, statistics on eco-tourism, medical tourism, performance of holiday economics,
etc. (5) development of mechanisms to generate local tourism statistics in key/priority
tourist destination areas such as the implementation of local visitor surveys and
improvement of the basic tourism databases of LGUs; (6) enhancement of the Local
Tourism Statistics System - Local Governance Performance Management System (LTSS –
LGPMS); and (7) development of Regional TSAs or TSA in specific tourism destinations
3.3.3.2
Interagency Committee on Tourism Statistics
Inter-agency committees are effective tools for coordination and provide the forum for
meaningful exchanges of views and expertise To sustain the endeavors initiated by NSCB
[18 / 36]
and DOT towards the development of a Philippine Tourism Satellite Account, the NSCB, as
the statistical policy-making and coordinating body of the Philippine Statistical System
created an Inter-Agency Committee on the Development of a Satellite Account on Tourism
(IAC-DSAT) on 7 February 1997 to provide direction and support in the development of a
satellite account on tourism, and to recommend measures for the institutionalization of said
account and provide assistance in the regular generation of the tourism account. The IACDSAT is composed of representatives from government and non-government organizations
involved in the production and use of tourism statistics. It is chaired by the NSCB Secretary
General and co-chaired by the Undersecretary of DOT. By virtue of Executive Order 121 Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System (PSS) and for Other
Purposes, the NSCB is mandated to develop socio-economic frameworks including satellite
accounts on tourism, labor, health and education for effective planning and policy
formulation. The DOT, on the other hand, is tasked to undertake studies and surveys for the
continuing analysis of economic conditions and trends relating to tourism and travel. The
technical staff of NSCB and DOT serves as the secretariat of the Committee. The IACDSAT reports its outputs and recommendations to the Executive Board of the NSCB.
Under the stewardship of the IAC-DSAT, a conceptual framework of the PTSA was
formulated, and initial compilation of PTSA was pursued. The resulting estimates covering
the years 1994 and 1998 were subsequently presented in various national and international
forums.
In order for the PTSA to keep attuned with the international recommendations on
TSA compilation, particularly the TSA: Recommended Methodological Framework (RMF)
developed jointly by Commission of the European Communities Eurostat, Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Statistics Division
(UNSD), and World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the terms of reference of the IAC-DSAT
was expanded to address the concerns on the improvement of tourism statistics and tourism
satellite account through a well established tourism statistical system. The IAC-DSAT was
thus reconstituted and renamed to Inter-Agency Committee on Tourism Statistics (IACTS)
through NSCB Memorandum Order No. 011 Series of 2003. The reconstituted IACTS is
composed of the NSCB as Chair and DOT as Co-Chair. Its members include Asian Institute
of Management, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Bureau of Immigration, Civil Aeronautics
Board, Department of Interior and Local Government, National Economic and Development
Authority, NSO and private associations (Hotel and Restaurant Association of the Philippines,
Board of Airline Representatives, Philippine Tour Operators Association, and Philippine
Travel Agencies Association).
Under the overall supervision and guidance of the IACTS, (1) concepts and definitions
of terms for statistical purposes for the tourism sector, more particularly in the areas of travel
and tours were formulated and approved by the NSCB Executive Board; (2) a standard
classification system that will characterize the tourism industry in the context of the Philippine
System of National Accounts (PSNA) was developed and approved by the NSCB Executive
Board through NSCB Resolution No. 4 Series of 2005 “Approving and Adopting the
Philippine Tourism Statistical Classification System (PTSCS)”; (3) data support to the
compilation of the PTSA was institutionalized such as the improvement and revision of
arrival/departure cards of the Bureau of Immigration, as basic source of visitor arrivals,
conduct of the Household Survey of Domestic Visitors (HSDV), and Survey of Tourism
Establishments in the Philippines (STEP), (4) technical assistance to LGUs on the
development of administrative forms to collect tourism data was provided, and (5)
methodologies for the compilation of PTSA were continuously reviewed and improved. The
methodology for compiling the Philippine Tourism Satellite Account was approved through
NSCB Resolution No. 6 Series of 2009.
[19 / 36]
It is interesting to note that compared to other countries, the Philippines has
established strong inter agency collaboration through the IACTS which has placed the
Philippines among the internationally recognized leaders in tourism statistics and tourism
satellite accounts.
3.3.3.3
Statistical Survey Review and Clearance System
The Statistical Survey Review and Clearance System (SSRCS) is a mechanism
instituted by the NSCB through Memorandum Circular Nos. 4-88 and 04-95. The SSRCS
involves the process of evaluating the design and instruments of statistical surveys or
censuses sponsored and/or to be conducted by government agencies including government
corporations at the national and/or subnational level. It aims to: (1) ensure sound design for
data collection, (2) minimize the burden placed upon respondents, (3) effect economy in
statistical data collection, (4) achieve better coordination of government statistical activities,
and (5) inform the private sector and the public in general that a government survey
operation has passed clearance and enjoin their cooperation in the conduct of the survey.
Among the survey instruments related to tourism that were reviewed and granted
clearance by the NSCB were the: (1) Visitor Sample Survey (VSS) conducted by DOT to: (a)
generate information on visitor characteristics and preferences to serve as input to tourism
development planning and policy formulation; and (b) derive parameter estimates for
measuring foreign exchange earnings from tourist travel; (2) Household Survey of Domestic
Visitors (HSDV); and (3) Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines (STEP).
3.3.3.4
Statistical Advocacy Mechanisms
To enhance awareness and appreciation of available statistics, the NSCB regularly
conducts statistical conferences/conventions/workshops and various forums for
exchange/sharing of good practices and methodologies, discussion of current and new
trends in the generation and dissemination of statistics, among which pertain to tourism.
The celebration of the 14th National Statistics Month in 2003, for instance, focused
on the theme “Sustaining Tourism‟s Competitive Edge Through Statistics” and was hosted
by the DOT. Further, the National Convention on Statistics (NCS), conducted biennially
usually hold sessions on tourism. The DOT has sponsored tourism sessions for the past
three NCS conducted in 2001, 2004 and 2007. In 2007, papers on tourism were presented,
namely: (1) Developing the Survey instruments for the Household Survey of Domestic
Visitors (HSDV); (2) Understanding the Visiting Friends/Relatives Travel Market; (3)
Sustainability of Tourism Statistics: Issues in Statistics; (4) Measuring Health and Wellness
Tourism in the Philippines.
Recognizing the important role of statistics in the development of tourism in the
country, professional organizations like the Philippine Statistical Association (PSA) together
with the DOT recently organized its 2011 Annual Conference with “Tourism and Statistics”
as theme. One of the papers presented is the paper, „Things Statisticians Wanted To Know
About the Tourism Satellite Account But Were Afraid To Ask.”
The conduct of various statistical advocacy programs/activities proved effective in
getting the cooperation of stakeholders in generating statistics to support compilation of
PTSA.
3.3.3.5
Institutional linkages/collaborative efforts
The emergence of certain markets and tourism products required the DOT to develop
data gathering and estimation methodologies in addition to the regular data gathering
[20 / 36]
activities. Hence, services and partnerships with statistics and research organizations are
being sought from time to time. To note, some of the regular data gathering activities of DOT
started as collaborations or contracted services with other agencies.
3.3.3.5.1
Department of Tourism and National Statistics Office
A major collaboration between the DOT and the NSO is the conduct of the 2005 the
Household Survey of Domestic Visitors (HSDV) to collect information on the volume of
domestic tourism, determine the profile and travel characteristics of domestic visitors, and
identify the travel patterns of the Filipino households. The HSDV was again conducted in
2009, and in 2010.
3.3.3.5.2
Department of Tourism and the Bureau of Immigration
Among the regular collaborations made for tourism statistics is the partnership of the
DOT and the Bureau of Immigration (BI) specifically, in the processing of the
arrival/departure (A/D) cards as source of information for visitor arrivals. Based on the
system of designated statistics maintained by NSCB, BI is the agency responsible for the
collection of data through the administration of the A/D cards in the Philippine airports and
seaports. DOT was designated to process the forms to generate and release monthly visitor
statistics.
3.3.3.5.3
Department of Tourism and National Statistical Coordination Board
The DOT and NSCB have collaborated to develop the PTSA and the Compendium of
Philippine Tourism Statistics, as well as in the preparation of the chapter on tourism statistics
of the PSDP; hosting and participation in conferences/workshops/ conventions on tourism
statistics and TSA; provision of data in the compilation of national accounts, particularly,
exports of services, and the Leading Economic Indicators; and inclusion of tourism indicators
in NSCB publications such as the Philippine Statistical Yearbook and Monthly Economic
Indicators.
3.3.4
3.3.4.1
Other Institutional Mechanisms
Capacity Building
To ensure the generation of quality tourism data, and improve on existing
methodologies on the PTSA compilation, there is a need to continuously build the human
capacity of the agencies involved in the production of tourism statistics and indicators. The
Philippines‟ Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC) has been conducting basic
training on collection, generation, compilation and analysis of tourism statistics for national
and field personnel of DOT as well as staff of LGUs. Specific capacity building programs
conducted by SRTC for DOT involved Training on Basic Tourism Data Gathering and
Reporting System in the provinces of Bohol and Cebu; and development of Tourism
Statistics Manual for LGUs.
The Philippines has also received technical assistance from different international
organizations, such as: (1) UNWTO-sponsored Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable
Development for Tourism Destinations conducted in Bohol; (2) Development of Tourism
Statistics System for LGUs sponsored by the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA); (3) UNWTO Tourism Statistics Capacity Building Program, Workshop I conducted in
Bangkok, Thailand in 2010, and (4) UNWTO Tourism Statistics Capacity Building Program,
Workshop II conducted in 2011 in Manila.
3.3.4.2
Involvement in International Efforts
[21 / 36]
The Philippines has benefited from the technical assistance accorded to by the
international organizations (UNWTO, UNSD, United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific) through missions, conduct of international seminars/
workshops aimed at developing the capacity of participating countries in the field of tourism
statistics. Specifically, the development of the PTSA to measure the economic contribution
was made possible with the assistance provided by UNWTO and World Travel and Tourism
Council (WTTC). In the compilation of tourism statistics/indicators and tourism satellite
account, the Philippines has been guided by IRTS and TSA: RMF, and has been actively
participating in workshops and forums for the improvement of tourism statistics and
development of TSA12. It is likewise actively involved in the worldwide consultation for the
revision of the IRTS and the TSA: RMF, as well as in responding to UNWTO questionnaires.
In addition to participation in various workshops/conferences on tourism statistics and
TSA organized by the UNWTO, and expert group meetings organized by the United Nations,
the Philippines has likewise hosted international conferences and workshops such as: (1)
Second Sub - Regional Workshop on Tourism Statistics and Elaboration of a Tourism
Satellite Account held in Manila in 2003; (2) Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable
Development for Tourism Destinations conducted in Bohol in 2007; (3) Technical Workshop
on Tourism Statistics and Tourism Satellite Accounts conducted by DOT in collaboration with
the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in Cebu City in 2008; and (4) UNWTO
Statistics 2011 Capacity-building Programme for Asia-Pacific Region: Workshop II held in
Manila, in 2011.
3.4
Data Support and Relevant Agencies in the Compilation of the PTSA
3.4.1
Department of Tourism
The Department of Tourism (DOT) is the primary government agency charged with
the responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-economic
activity to generate foreign currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism
to both the private and public sector. The DOT has been a long partner of the NSCB in
developing/improving the country‟s tourism statistics and indicators, and the Philippine
Statistical System as a whole. Apart from co-chairing the IACTS, the DOT hosted the 14th
National Statistics Month in 2003 with the theme “Sustaining Tourism’s Competitive Edge
Through Statistics,” and has regularly sponsored sessions during the National Convention
on Statistics.
With the support of the DOT Secretaries and Undersecretaries, particularly,
Secretaries Gemma Cruz Araneta, Mina Gabor, Richard Gordon, Joseph Durano, Alberto
Lim, Undersecretaries Evelyn Pantig and Daniel Corpuz, the Philippines has been
recognized in the international arena as one of the pioneers in the development of tourism
satellite account along with the statistically developed countries, and has been consistently
invited in international forums/meetings to share technical expertise on tourism statistics
and tourism satellite account, and to provide expert advise/inputs to the updating of
internationally recommended standards and frameworks such as the UNWTO IRTS 2008
and its Compilation Guide, and the TSA Recommended Methodological Framework
12
The principal author attended the 1998 World Conference on the Measurement of the Economic Impact of Tourism and the
2006 International Workshop on Tourism Statistics in Madrid, Spain while one of the other authors attended the Expert Group
Meeting on Tourism Statistics in New York in June 2007.
[22 / 36]
The DOT conducts the following data gathering activities to collect information on
tourism such as the characteristics, behavior and expenditure of visitors as well as
accommodation statistics that serve as inputs to the compilation of the PTSA:
3.4.1.1
Visitor Sample Survey (VSS)
The Visitor Sample Survey (VSS) is one of the regular data gathering activities done
by the DOT. It complements the data sourced from the arrival/departure (A/D) cards and is
the major source of data for preferences, ratings, psychographic profile, as well as length of
stay and expenditures of inbound visitors which are parameters used in computing the
earnings from tourism. .
VSS is a personal interview of randomly selected sample of departing visitors in
international airports nationwide. An average of more than 600 respondents are interviewed
every month at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport where 90 percent of the total
respondents are sourced out. There are also regular schedules of regional VSS in the
following airports: Mactan Cebu International Airport (Lapu-lapu City, Cebu), Laoag
International Airport (Ilocos Norte), Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (Angeles,
Pampanga), Francisco Bangoy International Airport (Davao City), and Kalibo International
Airport (Aklan). For 2007, the total number of respondents was 7,376, a significant 27%
percent increase from the total respondents in 2006.
Due to the increasing demand of monthly data like average visitor expenditure, DOT
has improved the processing of the VSS. Moreover, the Department has looked into ways on
how to make the indicators generated from the survey more relevant and consistent with
other current tourism data gathering system.
The VSS report is released annually. Partial data are also being generated monthly
which are utilized in the computation of visitor receipts
3.4.1.2
Regional Travelers’ Report
The DOT generates the Regional Travelers‟ Report based on the reporting forms
accomplished regularly by accommodation establishments and submitted to DOT regional
offices. Information obtained from the forms include number of visitors, both international
and domestic distributed across regions and provinces. Data are compiled annually and
posted in the DOT website.
3.4.1.3
Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE)
The Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) generates statistics
needed in the compilation of business expenditures for tourism such as those on average
daily expenditures of delegates, host associations and exhibitors. It also provides nonmonetary data such as the number of delegates, length of stay, and duration of the events.
The MICE Study is conducted every year and has three survey components. The
first component is the Survey on Convention Utilization which gathers data on the number of
events and participants. The Survey on Convention Income and Expenditure generates
statistics on expenditures on conventions in the country, while the third component, the
Survey on Incentive Travel generates data on the profiles of incentive travelers coming to
the Philippines.
Last August 11, 2011 the Philippine MICE Conference (MICECON) 2011 was
conducted in Cebu City. MICECON 2011 is the Philippines main tourism event which caters
mainly to the MICE industry, specifically the meetings, incentive, travel, conventions,
[23 / 36]
exhibitions/events market. The event was participated by MICE experts and guests from
the United States, France, Ireland, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, and
Vietnam as well as local tour operators. In his keynote message, former DOT Secretary Lim
emphasized DOT‟s thrust to reposition the Philippines as a preferred MICE destination as it
used to be, and with the private sector supporting a MICE infrastructure boom, the
Philippines is again poised to elevate its position as a destination for international events.
3.4.2
Bureau of Immigration
The Bureau of Immigration (BI) is one of the important sources of data re required in
establishing the PTSA through the data collected from the arrival/departure cards
administered by BI.
3.4.2.1
Arrival/Departure Card
The arrival/departure (A/D) card is a legal document used by the authorities to
provide passenger identification and an effective record of a person‟s entry to and departure
from the country. The A/D card is the primary source of information on the volume of
inbound visitors in the country as well as characteristics of the visitors such as name,
nationality, purpose of visit, and others.
Monitoring the movements of incoming and outgoing air passengers in the country‟s
international airports through the A/D cards is a joint undertaking of DOT and the Bureau of
Immigration. The processed A/D cards generate statistics on visitor arrivals in terms of
country of origin, length of stay in the country, port of entry, etc.
Results are made available by DOT every month, and featured in the DOT‟s Annual
Statistical Report, and DOT website (http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph/dot/statistics.asp
3.4.3
National Statistics Office
Another important source of data for the PTSA is the National Statistics Office (NSO),
the general purpose data collecting agency mandated to undertake censuses and surveys
as may be designated by the NSCB. The NSO conducts the following censuses and
surveys that provide vital information for the compilation of PTSA:
3.4.3.1
Household Survey on Domestic Visitors
The conduct of the Household Survey of Domestic Visitors (HSDV) is a partnership
between DOT and NSO. It is a rider to the NSO‟s Labor Force Survey and is conducted to
provide baseline data to measure the volume of domestic tourism, determine the profile and
travel characteristics of domestic visitors, identify the travel patterns of the Filipino
households, and estimate the extent and economic contribution of domestic tourism in the
country.
The first HSDV was conducted in 2005, and was followed in 2009 and 2010. The
2010 HSDV collected information on outbound travelers. The regular conduct of the HSDV
is one of the statistical programs identified in the PSDP 2011-2017.
Regular conduct of HSDV can enhance the compilation of PTSA specifically for
domestic and outbound tourism
3.4.3.2
Census of Philippine Business and Industry
[24 / 36]
The Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) conducted by the NSO is
one of the primary sources for benchmark estimates for tourism industries (supply side of the
PTSA), as well as parameters on employment in tourism industries. The CPBI is conducted
every five years and covers all establishments in the Philippines regardless of ownership
and economic organization. The latest establishment census is the 2006 CPBI.
3.4.3.3
Labor Force Survey
The Labor Force Survey (LFS) provides information on employment generated by
industries related to tourism. It is conducted every quarter by the NSO with “past week” as
the reference period, and households as survey respondents. The LFS is designed to
produce statistics on the country‟s labor force with national and subnational disaggregation.
Survey results are released six weeks after the end of the reference period and disseminate
through NSO quarterly press releases.
3.4.3.4
Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines
The Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines (STEP) is a collaborative
effort of the DOT and NSO to provide information on tourism activities relating to supply and
capacity of tourism establishments. The indicators derived from the survey include: (1)
number of establishments engaged in activities catering to tourism industry; (2) number of
employees of tourism establishments by nationality and sex, by region and industry group;
(3) available facilities/amenities by region and industry group; (3) revenue/sales and the
percent share generated from tourism by region and industry group; (4) number of tourism
establishments with plans for expansion/renovation within the next five years by region and
industry group; and (5) distribution of tourism establishments with DOT accreditation by
region and industry group.
Understanding supply of consumption goods and services to visitors will lead to
determination how much goods and services must be available in the form and quantity that
visitors might demand.
Timely indicator/statistics on tourism supply will alert planners and policy makers how
much supply needed vis-à-vis demand of visitors.
3.4.4
National Statistical Coordination Board
The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), the highest policy-making and
coordinating body on statistical matters, is the official compiler of the Philippine System of
National Accounts (PSNA). The NSCB, as the compiler of the PSNA, is also the lead agency
in the institutionalization of the various satellite accounts, including the PTSA13. In addition,
the NSCB Technical Staff also serve as the secretariat of the IAC on Tourism Statistics.
The NSCB produces the following outputs relevant to the compilation of the PTSA:
3.4.4.1
National Accounts of the Philippines
The National Accounts of the Philippines (NAP) serves as the fundamental
framework for compiling the Philippine TSA. Together with the Input-output (IO) Table, the
NAP provides the output indicators (derived from sales, revenues, value/volume of
production, etc.) used in deriving the production component of PTSA. The NAP is compiled
by the NSCB every quarter and is released 60 days after the reference quarter, except for
13
Aside from the PTSA, the NSCB also took initiatives to compile satellite accounts on environment, health, education and
research and development.
[25 / 36]
the fourth quarter which, together with the preliminary annual national accounts, is released
30 days after the reference period
3.4.4.2
Input-Output Table
The Input-Output (IO) Table is the primary data source for the benchmark estimation
of the production accounts of tourism and non-tourism industries. The IO Table provides
disaggregative measures of the economic structure of the country, which are not shown in
the national accounts. The 2000 IO provided the benchmark ratios used in estimating the
production account on tourism industries (gross value added of tourism industries and
tourism direct gross value added).
3.5
PTSA milestones over the years
The Philippines has been one of the pioneers in developing the tourism satellite
account (TSA) along with the statistically developed countries like Australia, Brazil, Canada,
Ireland, New Zealand, Spain, etc. Efforts to assess the economic impact of tourism in the
Philippines started in 1988 with the conduct of research study to look at contribution of
tourism to the economy using the input-output analysis approach. The study was
undertaken by the Department of Tourism (DOT) with technical assistance and funds from
the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) through its Grants-in-Aid statistical
development program. In 1996, NSCB, DOT and the World Travel and Tourism Council
(WTTC) worked together to come up with a simulated satellite account on tourism for the
Philippines. The study showed that travel and tourism accounted for 8.7 percent of the
Philippine GDP in 1997. On the same year (1996), NSCB and DOT signed a memorandum
of agreement (MOA) to support the development of a PTSA.
On the following year (1997), the NSCB created the Inter-Agency Committee on
Development of a Satellite Account on Tourism (IAC-DSAT), which formulated
conceptual framework of a Philippine TSA; and in 1998, the Philippines participated in
Seventh Meeting of the Steering Committee, World Conference on the Measurement of
Economic Impact of Tourism, UNWTO Headquarters, Madrid, Spain.
the
the
the
the
In 1999, the DOT and NSCB released the preliminary results of the PTSA covering
the years 1994 and 1998. However, the estimates are subject to the following limitations: (1)
linkage of tourism consumption and supply was not established; (2) domestic tourism was
based on accommodation data only; 3) outbound tourism (Table 3) was not compiled; 4)
estimates on the supply of goods and services were limited to the Value Added of Tourism
Industries (VATI) only. Consequently a PTSA webpage in the NSCB website was launched
and it contains information on the development of TSA in the Philippines, and the 2994 and
1988 estimates.
Virola, et. al presented the interim results and the Philippines experience in the Joint
WTO/ESCAP Regional Seminar on Tourism Statistics and the Development of Tourism
Satellite Accounts held in Bangkok, Thailand on , 21-24 February 2001. In December 2001,
the paper, “Measuring the Contribution of Tourism to the Economy: The Philippine Tourism
Satellite Account” was presented in the 8th National Convention on Statistics held in Manila,
Philippines.
On the following year, the Philippines was among those invited in the First
International Workshop on Tourism Statistics and The Development of Tourism Satellite
Accounts (TSA) held at the UNWTO Headquarters, Madrid, Spain on 8-13 September 2002.
[26 / 36]
One important milestone in the development of Philippine TSA was the Philippine
hosting of the Second Sub-Regional Workshop on Tourism Statistics and the Elaboration of
a Tourism Satellite Account held in Manila in June 2003 which ran back to back with the
Asia-Pacific Ministerial Summit on Crisis Management, and the Joint Meeting of the WTO
Commission for East Asia and the Pacific and the WTO Commission for South Asia. During
the Workshop, the papers, “Status of the Development of the Philippine Tourism Satellite
Account (PTSA,)” and “Case Study on Measuring Visitor Expenditure for Inbound Tourism:
The Philippines” were presented.
In 2003, the IACDSAT was reconstituted to expand the Committee‟s terms of
reference to address the concerns on the improvement of tourism statistics and tourism
satellite account, and renamed to Inter-agency Committee on Tourism Statistics (IACTS) per
NSCB Memorandum Order No. 04 Series of 2003. The IACTS came up with definitions of
selected terms related to tourism that are used for statistical purposes and had these
approved by the NSCB Executive Board for official adoption by all concerned through NSCB
Resolution No. 11, Series of 2003. The second set of official concepts and definitions on
tourism statistics were formulated and approved through NSCB Resolution No. 12, Series of
2004.
Subsequent efforts include the assessment of the status of the development of
PTSA, evaluating the available indicators and the needs and challenges to compile the
PTSA. (Virola, et. al., 2003)
Recognizing the need to formulate a standard classification system that will
characterize the tourism industry in the context of the PSNA, the NSCB Executive Board14
approved NSCB Resolution No. 4 Series of 2005 “Approving and Adopting the Philippine
Tourism Statistical Classification System (PTSCS)”. The PTCTS15 was formulated by the
IACTS, through its Technical Working Group on Tourism Statistics (TWGTS), and NSCB
technical staff based on the following standards: (a) UNWTO-recommended list, (b) 1994
Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC), and (c) 2002 Philippine Central Product
Classification (PCPC) developed and maintained by the NSCB.
In the international arena, the Philippines was again invited to present a paper, “The
1993 Recommendations on Tourism Statistics and the Philippine Tourism Satellite
Accounts” during the International Workshop on Tourism Statistics held on 17-20 July 2006,
at UNWTO Headquarters, Madrid, Spain. In 2007, the Philippines participated in the Expert
Group Meeting in Tourism Statistics at the UN Headquarters, New York, USA. It has
likewise actively participated in the worldwide consultation for the revision of the IRTS and
the TSA: RMF through the accomplishment of questionnaires sent by UNWTO.
It was also during these years (2006, 2007, 2008) that the Philippine TSA was being
updated and improved based on the new IRTS and TSA: RMF. Improvements from the
previous estimates include: (a)
establishment of the link of internal tourism
consumption with the supply of goods and services, (b) improvement of the coverage of
domestic tourism using the results of the Household Survey on Domestic Visitors (HSDV),
(c) compiling the outbound tourism expenditure (Table 3) which was not previously compiled,
(d)
availability of estimates for gross value added of tourism industries (GVATI), tourism
direct gross value added (TDGVA) and tourism direct gross domestic product (TDGDP).
Statistics on emerging areas in tourism is also important. Realizing the importance of
emerging health and wellness tourism in the Philippines, Virola (2007) presented the initial
efforts of the PSS in the measurement of this sector, with special focus on its relationship
14
The NSCB Executive Board formulates policy measures in the form of resolutions and memorandum orders designed to
introduce new statistical frameworks and activities, enhance existing methodologies, and improve the quality and accessibility
of government-produced statistics.
15
Appendix B list the products and industries in the PTSCS.
[27 / 36]
with the national income accounts, particularly with the PTSA.. The paper was presented in
the 10th National Convention on Statistics held in October 2007 at Manila, Philippines. It
discussed the existing statistical data generated by the different institutions in the PSS and
came up with recommendations to make their respective data collection schemes respond to
the requirements of measuring health and wellness tourism.
A number of technical papers and articles on the PTSA were subsequently prepared
and presented in national and international conferences/workshops/meetings and featured in
NSCB website, among which are: (1) “Developing the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA):
The Philippine Experience” presented in Technical Workshop on Tourism Statistics and
Tourism Satellite Accounts conducted in collaboration with the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) on 21-22 October 2008 in Cebu, (2) Labor Policies for the Philippine
Hospitality Industry” presented in the Fifth UNWTO International 2009 Conference on
Tourism Statistics held in Bali, Indonesia on 30 March – 2 April 2009 through paper
presentation. During the Conference, the Philippines (NSCB Secretary General) likewise
served as discussant for the keynote paper for Session III, Tourism Labour Market in the
Asia Pacific Region, and chaired Session VI: Using TSA Data for Business and Policy
Analysis; and (3) “Tourism as an Engine for Employment Creation”, an “Statistically
Speaking” article posted in the NSCB website on April 13, 2009.
Meanwhile, the third batch of official concepts and definitions of tourism-related
statistics were approved through NSCB Resolution No. 9, Series of 2008.
In 2009, the IACTS reviewed the PTSA methodology and the corresponding data
limitations, and endorsed for approval by the NSCB Executive Board the methodology for
compiling the PTSA. The NSCB Executive Board approved the IACTS recommendation and
issued Board Resolution No. 6 Series of 2009 Approving the Methodology for Compiling the
Philippine Tourism Satellite Accounts. The PTSA tables were consequently updated to
cover the years, 2000-2010.
A chronology of the initiatives towards the development of Philippine TSA is shown in
Appendix A.
IV.
Results and discussion (PTSA estimates, 2000-2010)
4.1
Demand side: Tourism consumption/expenditure
4.1.1
Inbound Tourism Expenditure (Table 1)
Inbound tourism expenditure in 2010 reached PhP 109.2 billion, 9.6 percent higher
than the PhP 99.7 billion recorded in 2009. Of the total expenditures of inbound tourists,
shopping, food and beverage, and accommodation topped the list, sharing 28.3 percent,
28.0 percent and 21.8 percent, respectively.
Inbound tourism expenditure for the period, 2000-2010 grew at an average of 2.1
percent.
Meanwhile, share of inbound tourism expenditure to exports is on a downtrend –
below 4.0 percent in the last three years, and 3.5 percent in 2010.
4.1.2
Domestic Tourism Expenditure (Table 2)
Domestic tourism expenditure posted double digit growth of 15.1 percent, compared
to 2.7 percent in 2009. For the period 2000-2010, domestic tourism expenditure recorded an
annual average growth of 11.9 percent. Highest growth was observed in 2005 at 32.4
[28 / 36]
percent followed by 23.8 percent, 23.7 percent and 22.8 percent recorded in 2004, 2007,
and 2001, respectively. All other years exhibited increases except in 2008 and 2002 where
total domestic tourism expenditure dropped to 10.0 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively.
Miscellaneous, shopping on tourism characteristic goods, and accommodation
topped the list of consumption products among domestic visitors, sharing 49.2 percent, 16.8
percent, and 10.6 percent, respectively.
With the competitive rates offered by various airlines and shipping lines as well as
holiday economics, share of domestic tourism expenditure to household final consumption
expenditure has been increasing, sharing 14.5 percent in 2010
The economic importance of domestic tourism has grown substantially in recent
years. Its economic contribution is more important than that of inbound tourism, as domestic
tourism expenditure is observed to be about 6 times as much as inbound tourism
expenditure.
4.1.3
Outbound Tourism Expenditure, 2000-200716 (Table 3)
After a series of positive growth from 2001 to 2006, outbound tourism expenditure
dropped to PhP 79.6 billion in 2007, 12.0 percent lower than the PhP 90.5 billion in 2006.
Top on the list of outbound visitors is shopping, sharing an average of 34.0 percent
for the period 2000-2007, followed by accommodation at 26.8 percent; food and beverage,
16.3 percent; transport, 9.6 percent; entertainment and recreation 6.9 percent;
miscellaneous 3.6 percent; and travel agencies, 2.7 percent.
On the average, outbound tourism expenditure accounted for about 3.0 percent of
total Imports of the country.
4.1.4
Internal Tourism Expenditure (Table 4)
Internal tourism expenditure reached the trillion peso mark in 2010 at PhP 1.04
trillion, posting double digit growth of 14.5 percent.
Internal tourism was more adversely affected than the total economy during the
global crisis in 2008, but it has since caught up with the GDP growth.
Internal tourism expenditure in 2010 is dominated by domestic tourism cutting in 84.5
percent of the pie, compared to only 15.5 percent of inbound tourism expenditure. The
expenditures paid by organizers in behalf of the visitors that form part of both domestic and
inbound tourism expenditure, account only around 1 percent of the total internal tourism
consumption.
Miscellaneous, shopping and accommodation are the biggest components of Internal
tourism consumption.
4.2
Supply side: Production of tourism goods and services
4.2.1
Gross Value Added of Tourism Industries (GVATI)
Using the IO table, GVATI for the year 2000 was estimated at PhP 340.9 billion
(Table 6a). The top contributors to total GVATI are: (a) transportation services which cover
16
Data from the sources are available only for 2000-2007
[29 / 36]
land, air and water transportation, comprising 30.1 percent of GVATI or PhP 102.7 billion; (b)
miscellaneous industries, which include all other industries not explicitly shown (i.e., foreign
exchange dealers, health and wellness services, etc.), sharing about 23.2 percent of GVATI
or PhP 79.1 billion; and (c) food and beverage, contributing 13.2 percent, or PhP 45.2 billion.
Completing the 2000 GVATI were: shopping with PhP 42.7 billion or 12.5 percent
share; accommodation, PhP 31.2 billion or 9.1percent; entertainment and recreation, PhP
28.4 billion or 8.3 percent; and travel agencies, PhP 11.7 billion or 3.4 percent.
4.2.2
Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA)
Benchmark estimates for the year 2000 showed TDGVA at PhP 210.1 billion (Table
6b). This amount represented the total GVA on both tourism-characteristic products and
other products consumed by visitors that are produced by both tourism-characteristic
industries and other industries.
Among the tourism-characteristic industries, shopping had the biggest share to
TDGVA at 20.3 percent, followed by accommodation with 14.8 percent, and entertainment
and recreation with 6.8 percent. Other industries and their corresponding shares include:
travel agencies (5.6%), food and beverage (5.3%), transport (3.5%), and miscellaneous
(0.9%).
Tourism-characteristic industries accounted for 57.2 percent of the TDGVA while
other industries producing products incidentally consumed by visitors for 42.8 percent.
TDGVA posted double digit growth of 13.0 in 2010, from PhP 459.0 billion in 2009 to
PhP 518.5 billion. Average annual growth rate of TDGVA for the period 2000-2010 is 9.4
percent.
TDGVA‟s share to total GDP provides measure of the economic contribution of
tourism to the economy. For 2010, the contribution of tourism to the Philippine economy was
estimated at 5.8 percent. On the average, for the years 2000 to 2010, the average share of
TDGVA to GDP stood at 5.8 percent.
4.3
Employment in tourism industries (Table 7)
Considered as employment generator than income generator, share of tourism
employment to total employment has been on the rise, averaging 9.7 percent for the years
2000-2010.
Employment in tourism industries was estimated at 3.7 million in 2010, up by 4.1
percent from last year‟s 3.5 million. Employment in tourism industries has been growing at
an annual average of 3.7 percent in 2000-2010.
Transport service industry employed the most number of people, averaging 42.1
percent of the total employed in tourism industries during the period 2000-2010. Food and
beverage serving industry came in next sharing 23.5 percent, followed by miscellaneous at
10.2 percent. Other industries such as entertainment and recreation accounted .for 9.0
percent; shopping, 7.5 percent; travel agencies and other reservation services, 4.7 percent,
and accommodation, 3.0 percent.
Of the 3.7 million employed in tourism industries in 2010, 1.5 million are in the
transport service industry, and 0.9 million are in food and beverage serving industry.
[30 / 36]
V.
Challenges and Areas of Future Concern
For the continuing development of the PTSA, a corresponding development in the
tourism statistics system must also be in place. After all, the output of the PTSA depends on
the quality of input by the tourism statistics system.
The PTSA can serve as a focal point for the development of the tourism statistical
system. The data sources will have to be revisited and improved in order to meet the
information needs of the PTSA. New data gathering activities/methodologies may have to
be developed to fill in data gaps.
5.1
5.1.1
Need for improved data collection system that will provide for more timely, more
reliable and more relevant information for the PTSA compilation.
Arrival/Departure Cards
The A/D card is the basic source of information on the volume of international
visitors. It is thus necessary to introduce new technological methodologies to improve
processing of both inbound and outbound visitors. For a wider coverage, the A/D cards
should be implemented in international seaports as well to capture detailed information on
sea travelers.
The A/D card should be revised to incorporate matching of arrival and departure,
which could provide reliable estimates on the length of stay of travelers
.
5.1.2 Visitor Sample Survey (VSS)
Areas for consideration in the improvement of the VSS would be in terms of: (a)
increasing its coverage to include other Philippine international airports and major seaports
where passenger volume has become significant; (b) sampling methodology to
accommodate more diverse respondents to represent different niche markets; and (c)
processing of survey results.
Specifically, the sampling methodology needs to be revisited to consider: (a) quality
of respondents as the data they provide is crucial in the estimation of important indicators
such as average expenditure per nationality or per item, and (b) quantity or diversity of
nationalities included in the sample. While technology has made data processing faster
through use of appropriate software, the processing time between the report and the
reference month should always be a concern to make the VSS more relevant to end users.
5.1.3
Household Survey of Domestic Visitors (HSDV)
As the basic source of information of domestic and outbound tourism, the HSDV
should be regularly conducted for a regular updating of the PTSA estimates. Tourism
stakeholders and industry players could be tapped to validate the HSDV results.
5.1.4
Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines (STEP)
Understanding supply of consumption goods and services to visitors will lead to
determination how much goods and services must be available in the form and quantity that
visitors might demand. Timely indicator/statistics on tourism supply will alert planners and
policy makers how much supply needed vis-à-vis demand of visitors. There is thus a need
to conduct STEP on a regular basis.
5.1.5
Regional Travelers Report
[31 / 36]
Another source of data on domestic tourism is the regional travelers report submitted
by DOT regional offices based on the administrative data from accommodation
establishments and popular places of attraction. The Accommodation Capacity Survey
(ACS), a more recent survey17 done by DOT in major destinations provides a more reliable
inventory of available accommodation establishments as compared to the volume of
accommodation establishments submitted by the regional offices which are of voluntary
nature and which are mostly DOT accredited only. Capturing the data from non-accredited
establishments would greatly improve the Regional Report not only of the volume and profile
of visitors but also the regional occupancy reports of accommodation establishments.
Moreover, the ACS could be further improved by producing capacity statistics by type and
classification of accommodation establishments
Another future concern with regards to the Regional Travelers Report is the
segregation of same-day visitors (excursionists). Not all DOT regional offices maintain a
database of same-day visitors.
5.1.6
Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE)
As in the case of the Regional Travelers Report, the MICE Report also lacks wider
coverage of establishments and destinations. By observation18, there are places that are
emerging MICE destinations. Others are simply not known nationwide but are popular in the
regional level for relatively a long time already. These destinations would have to be
accounted for in order to present a more reliable MICE statistics
5.2
Need to improve the estimation methodology of the Philippine Tourism Satellite
Accounts (PTSA)
The present methodology to compile Philippine TSA could be further improved in
terms of:
5.2.1 Explicit characterization of expenditures by each class of visitor
The current estimates do not distinguish expenditures of same-day visitors from the
tourists. This concern is especially relevant in domestic tourism where same-day visitors
constituted a significant part of the total domestic visitors. With the availability of the 2009
and 2010 HSDV, a comparative performance of each class of visitors across years could
now be done
5.2.2
Enhancement of the measurement of domestic tourism expenditure
Since expenditure data was only available through the HSDV, average expenditure
per visitor for other years were derived using the price movements from specific indicators
for each particular consumption items. Hence, shift in spending pattern among domestic
visitors might not have been captured. Conduct of more frequent HSDV will certainly
improve the methodology.
5.2.3
Use of 2010 HSDV results on outbound tourism to update PTSA table on
outbound tourism expenditure
17
ACS is an inventory survey of accommodation establishments in major and emerging destinations in the Philippines that was
started by DOT in 2006. As of the present, ACS has covered Albay, Bohol, Boracay Island, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,
Catanduanes, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Palawan and Siquijor.
18
These observations were made during personal meetings and trainings between local officials and DOT.
[32 / 36]
Currently, expenditures of outbound tourists were based only from four destination
countries: USA, Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand. The use of data on outbound tourism
from the 2010 HSDV would validate the current PTSA estimates.
5.2.4
Inclusion of other components of tourism consumption
Due to data constraints, the estimates exclude services associated with vacation
accommodation on own account, tourist social transfers in kind, other imputed consumption
and tourism single purpose consumer durables purchased outside the context of a trip or for
a trip.
5.2.5
Refinements in output indicators for tourism industries
The benchmark estimates of production used the 2000 IO as the main source of
data. The internal tourism consumption was reconciled with the output to come up with
consumption-to-output ratios which are eventually used to derive TDGVA. For other years,
TDGVA was derived by extrapolating the GVA of industries by the output indicators. The
accuracy of the results depends highly on the output indicators used. Most often tourism
industries require indicators from a more detailed classification of industries. The conduct of
the STEP will further improve the current estimates.
5.2.6
Employment
The Labor Force Survey (LFS), which is the major data source for Philippine
employment lacks detailed information to provide estimates for tourism industries.
Employment in tourism industries rely on number of assumptions and fixed ratios derived
from the 1999 CPBI, hence special care must be taken when using or interpreting the data.
5.3
Need to develop/compile new and relevant statistics/indicators to address
new/emerging concerns and the information demands of data users and
stakeholders
5.3.1 Develop mechanisms to generate local tourism statistics in key/priority tourist
destination areas such as the implementation of local visitor surveys and
improvement of the basic tourism databases of LGUs
The local level tourism stakeholders have been progressively more enthusiastic in
knowing the condition of their own tourism industries. For a long time, the local authorities
have been relying on DOT for tourism data even for their locality. However, the available
data from DOT is limited when it comes to local data. DOT is confident in enumerating
national up to regional figures and to some extent, provincial level. Disaggregated data down
to the municipal/city level is unavailable to provide further analysis. DOT along with its
Regional Offices has little capacity to cover each and every locality in the Philippines. The
manpower and the financial resources is not enough for such great endeavor aside from the
fact that the power over business establishments and local tourism planning has been
devolved to the local government since 199119.
Accordingly, local government must step up in the collection of their own tourism
statistics which they can use without having to rely on national agencies. For one, they have
more authority over businesses in their localities. Another is that since they are already
located in the tourism destinations, they are in a better position to know their products.
19
Local Government Code of 1991. Republic Act 7160.
[33 / 36]
In support to the local authorities, DOT has been a long time advocate in building the
capacity of the local authorities in tourism development planning as well as in tourism
statistics databank building. Understanding the fact that by improving the local level statistics
will lead to the improvement of national statistics particularly with regards to internal tourism
and tourism capacity, the DOT co-sponsored trainings with public and private sector in the
local level.
Related to local level statistics capacity building is the ongoing DOT project with
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) that aims to establish a standard local
tourism statistics system as well as provision of training on tourism development planning.
The Project started in 2009 with major tourism destinations as pilot areas. The approach
leads to the development of standard or common measurement system which can be
comparable by region or destination. The standard measurement would eventually be linked
up together and identify its relationship to the national tourism statistics.
These efforts only emphasize the point that along with the continuing improvements
of the national statistical system, the development of sub-national statistical system must
also be given importance.
When data sources are adequate at the local level, it would be possible to develop
some form of regional or tourism destination TSA. The policymakers in the local level are
just as fervent in knowing the contribution of the tourism sector in the economic development
of their locality.
5.3.2
Development of Regional TSAs or TSA in specific tourism destinations
Subnational or TSA in specific tourism destinations such as Baguio City, Puerto
Princesa or Boracay would provide useful indicators for tourism enterprises and
organizations in (1) identifying possible business opportunities; (2) assessing the volume
and intensity of tourism business; and (3) determining the extent to which private and public
regional tourism networks and clusters are interconnected.
If full TSA is not possible, subnational TSA could be limited to major indicators such
as: (1) inbound tourism expenditure, (2) domestic tourism expenditure, (3) outbound tourism
expenditure, (4) gross value added of tourism industries, and (5) tourism employment.
5.4
Inadequate statistical capability among tourism institutions and personnel
5.4.1
Conduct of statistical and related technical training for agencies/institutions involved
in the collection, management, reporting/dissemination and analysis of tourism
statistics as well as for the data users and stakeholders.
5.4.2
Actual policy uses of tourism statistics/tourism accounts must be demonstrated.
5.5
Resources constraints
5.5.1
Advocate for better appreciation by government on the need to provide budget for
statistical activities.
5.5.2
Allow statistical offices to hire and increase number of statistical positions in
government (including those in line departments like the DOT).
It is very
disappointing that while the Philippine Development Plan has identified tourism as a
key sector in our development agenda, the regional offices of the DOT have very
limited manpower resources.
[34 / 36]
5.5.3
Invest in statistics, invest in statistical offices and invest in statisticians!
The above cited challenges and courses of actions were included in the PSDP 2011-
2017
[35 / 36]
REFERENCES
Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund,
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations and World
Bank (1993). System of National Accounts (SNA) 1993
Commission of the European Communities, Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, World Tourism Organization (2008). Tourism Satellite Accounts:
Recommended Methodological Framework. Luxembourg, Madrid, New York, Paris
Department of Tourism (2009). Republic Act 9593 (Tourism Act of 2009)
Department of Tourism (2011). Statistical Reports
National Economic Development Authority (2011). Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
2011 – 2016
National Statistical Coordination Board Regional Office 6 (2011). Fact Sheet
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru6/FS-Tourism-Boracay2011.htm
National Statistics Office. Technical Notes for CPBI and LFS
http://www.census.gov.ph/data/technotes/index.html
United Nations World Tourism Organization (2008). Tourism 2020 Vision
http://www.unwto.org/facts/menu.html
United Nations World Tourism Organization (2008). 2008 International
Recommendations for Tourism Statistics (IRTS 2008). Madrid, New York
United Nations World Tourism Organization (2011). Tourism Highlights, Edition 2011
http://unwto.org/facts/eng/highlights.htm. Madrid
Virola, Romulo A., Lea Amoro (2003). Status of the Development of the Philippine Tourism
Satellite Accounts (PTSA). Country paper prepared for the 2nd Sub-regional Workshop on
Tourism Statistics and the Elaboration of a Tourism Satellite Account, Shangri-la Hotel,
Makati Philippines 16-18 June 2003
Virola, R., M. Remulla, L. Amoro and M. Say (2001). Measuring the Contribution of
Tourism to the Philippine Economy: The Philippine Tourism Satellite Account. Convention
Papers, 8th National Convention on Statistics, Westin Philippine Plaza, Manila 1-2 October
2001
[36 / 36]
ANNEXES
ANNEX A
Initiatives towards Development of the Philippine Tourism Satellite Accounts
(PTSA)
Activity
Period
The NSCB, thru its Grants-in-Aid statistical development program, provided
1988
funds and technical assistance to DOT in the conduct of research study,
which aimed to explore contribution of tourism to the economy using the
input-output analysis approach.
DOT and WTTC collaborated to come up with a simulated satellite account
1996
on tourism for the Philippines, which showed that travel and tourism
accounted for 8.7 percent of the GDP in 1997. The estimation procedure was
developed by the Wharton Econometric Forecasting Association (WEFA)
under the direction of the WTTC.
NSCB and DOT signed a MOA to support the development of the PTSA.
NSCB created an Inter-Agency Committee on the Development of a Satellite
1997
Account on Tourism (IAC-DSAT) that shall oversee the development of a
TSA for the country.
IAC-DSAT conceptualized the framework for the PTSA
Participated in the Seventh Meeting of the Steering Committee, World
1998
Conference on the Measurement of the Economic Impact of Tourism, WTO
Headquarters, Madrid, Spain
NSCB and DOT forged a project that operationalized the PTSA conceptual
framework
NSCB and DOT released the preliminary results of the Philippine Tourism
Satellite Account (PTSA) covering the years 1994 and 1998. However, the
estimates are subject to the following limitations:
1) linkage of tourism consumption and supply was not established;
2) domestic tourism was based on accommodation data only;
3) outbound tourism (Table 3) was not compiled;
4) estimates on the supply of goods and services were limited to the
Value Added of Tourism Industries (VATI) only
1999
The Philippine experience in developing tourism satellite account was
2001
presented in a joint UN-ESCAP/WTO workshop in Thailand
The paper “Measuring the Contribution of Tourism to the Economy: The
Philippine Tourism Satellite Account” was presented in the 8th National
Convention on Statistics
The Philippines participated in the 1st International Workshop on Tourism and
2002
the Preparation of TSA in Madrid, Spain
The Philippines hosted the “Second Sub-Regional Workshop on Tourism
2003
Statistics and the Elaboration of a Tourism Satellite Account” held in Manila.
The country paper “Status of the Development of the Philippine Tourism
Satellite Account (PTSA)” was presented in that workshop.
The IACDSAT was reconstituted and renamed to Inter-agency Committee on
Tourism Statistics (IAC-TS) per NSCB Memorandum Order No. 04 Series of
2003.
The NSCB Executive Board approved the NSCB Resolution No. 4 Series of
2005
2005 “Approving and Adopting the Philippine Tourism Statistical Classification
System (PTSCS)”. The PTSCS was based on the following:

UNWTO-recommended list

1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC)

2002 Philippine Central Product Classification (PCPC)

International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev
Presented the country paper “The 1993 Recommendations on Tourism
2006
Statistics and the Philippine Tourism Satellite Accounts” during the
International Workshop on Tourism Statistics, UNWTO Headquarters, Madrid, Spain,
17-20 July 2006.
The Philippines participated in the worldwide consultation for the revision of
2007
the IRTS and the TSA: RMF by providing response to the questionnaires sent
by the UNWTO
Participated in the Expert Group Meeting in Tourism Statistics,
UN Headquarters, New York, USA
Presented the paper “The Philippine Tourism Satellite Account”
2007
during the Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism
Destinations conducted in Bohol on 15-18 October 2007.
Presented the paper “Measuring Health and Wellness Tourism in the
2007
Philippines” in the 10th National Convention on Statistics. EDSA Shangri-La
Hotel, Manila.
The Philippines participated in the worldwide consultation for the revision of
2007
the IRTS and the TSA: RMF by providing response to the questionnaires sent
by the UNWTO
Participated in the Expert Group Meeting in Tourism Statistics,
UN Headquarters, New York, USA
Updating and refining the PTSA estimation using the IRTS 2008 and
2008
TSA: RMF 2008. Improvements from the previous estimates include:

Establishment of the link of internal tourism consumption with the
supply of goods and services

Improvement of the coverage of domestic tourism using the results of
the Household Survey on Domestic Visitors (HSDV)

Compiling the outbound tourism expenditure

Availability of estimates for GVATI, TDGVA and TDGDP

Presented the paper “Developing the Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA):
The Philippine Experience” in the Technical Workshop on Tourism Statistics
and Tourism Satellite Accounts conducted by DOT in collaboration with the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on 21-22 October 2008 in Cebu
City, 2008
2008
Participated in The Fifth UNWTO International Conference on Tourism
2009
Statistics held in Bali, Indonesia on 30 March – 2 April 2009
Presented the paper “Labor Policies for the Philippine Hospitality Industry”
Served as discussant for the keynote paper for Session III, Tourism
Labour Market in the Asia Pacific Region
Chaired the session on “Using TSA data for Business and Policy Analysis”
“Tourism as an Engine for Employment Creation”, an “Statistically
2009
Speaking” article posted in the NSCB website on April 13, 2009
The Philippines (NSCB and DOT) was specifically invited (and the only
country from the region to be invited) by the UNWTO to be a member of the
newly created Technical Advisory Board (TAB) to the UNWTO Statistics and
TSA Unit.
2010
The Philippines participated in the UNWTO Statistics Capacity-building
Programme for Asia-Pacific Region (2010-2011): Workshop I held in
Bangkok, Thailand, 22-26 November 2010
2010
The Philippines participated in the UNWTO Statistics Capacity-building
Programme for Asia-Pacific Region (2010-2011): Workshop II held in Manila
on 4-6 July 2011
2011
Recognized as a national and international leader on tourism statistics, the
Philippines (NSCB Secretary General) was invited to be a Steering
Committee Member of the Committee on Tourism Statistics (COTS) in the
International Statistical Institute (ISI).
2011
Updated the PTSA estimates to 2000-2010 using the revised/rebased
national accounts of the Philippines
2011
Annex B. PTSA Estimates, 2000-2010
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
1.000
0.133
0.095
0.135
0.171
1.000
0.395
0.193
0.066
0.003
0.115
2001
0.339
0.183
0.035
0.002
0.135
2000
2.2
14.1
49.0
(1.0)
(44.6)
(0.1)
0.2
(8.8)
(6.9)
(63.3)
(17.6)
2001-02
16.4
5.2
87.6
20.8
(14.7)
2000-01
88,246
11,772
8,382
11,896
15,131
88,358
34,869
16,990
5,818
229
10,187
2001
29,950
16,147
3,100
189
11,944
2000
1.000
0.149
0.138
0.387
0.172
0.060
0.001
0.093
2002
(8.1)
7.9
(39.3)
(11.8)
2.7
6.9
14.6
(2.0)
2002-03
90,229
13,433
12,486
34,923
15,491
5,417
84
8,395
2002
1.000
0.175
0.091
0.372
0.192
0.070
0.001
0.099
2003
27.6
39.1
5.2
16.2
43.9
24.2
48.1
41.6
2003-04
105,816
20,160
7,970
35,811
22,885
7,193
142
11,656
2004
32.7
59.6
83.5
28.9
49.4
(8.9)
21.5
(17.5)
2005-06
103,380
23,416
2,591
31,953
23,106
8,473
486
13,354
2005
1.000
0.191
0.075
0.338
0.216
0.068
0.001
0.110
2004
1.000
0.227
0.025
0.309
0.224
0.082
0.005
0.129
2005
Percent share
(2.3)
16.2
(67.5)
(10.8)
1.0
17.8
241.9
14.6
2004-05
Growth Rates
82,905
14,497
7,574
30,813
15,904
5,792
96
8,229
2003
In Million PhP
Table 1
Inbound Tourism Expenditure by products, 2000 - 2010
1.000
0.272
0.035
0.300
0.252
0.056
0.004
0.080
2006
(11.0)
(26.0)
(53.4)
(6.9)
14.7
(19.7)
(80.1)
(27.5)
2006-07
137,152
37,360
4,756
41,189
34,518
7,719
591
11,019
2006
1.000
0.226
0.018
0.314
0.324
0.051
0.001
0.065
2007
(18.4)
12.9
(27.9)
(25.7)
(34.2)
(35.8)
208.7
(0.4)
2007-08
122,095
27,649
2,214
38,341
39,587
6,196
118
7,991
2007
1.000
0.313
0.016
0.286
0.261
0.040
0.004
0.080
2008
0.04
1.9
(5.9)
(9.5)
3.7
(10.1)
344.4
5.3
2008-09
99,622
31,204
1,597
28,479
26,038
3,981
363
7,960
2008
1.000
0.319
0.015
0.259
0.271
0.036
0.016
0.084
2009
9.6
(2.9)
29.5
(7.7)
13.1
3.9
(50.1)
109.1
2009-10
99,658
31,800
1,503
25,774
27,003
3,577
1,615
8,386
2009
1.000
0.283
0.018
0.218
0.280
0.034
0.007
0.161
2010
109,226
30,886
1,947
23,800
30,531
3,718
806
17,538
2010
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL DOMESTIC TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL DOMESTIC TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL DOMESTIC TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
1.000
0.171
0.482
0.174
0.480
1.000
0.112
0.047
0.053
0.087
0.049
2001
0.112
0.049
0.050
0.085
0.050
2000
(2.9)
(5.0)
(2.8)
21.1
23.4
22.8
(0.6)
5.7
(5.0)
(4.6)
(4.0)
2001-02
22.5
16.2
28.9
24.9
20.3
2000-01
370,546
63,449
178,542
52,382
144,705
301,770
41,541
17,245
19,496
32,184
18,089
2001
33,910
14,847
15,128
25,760
15,038
2000
1.000
0.167
0.482
0.115
0.051
0.051
0.085
0.048
2002
12.6
11.3
12.5
17.8
8.2
12.3
11.9
11.4
2002-03
359,973
60,266
173,574
41,304
18,225
18,520
30,714
17,372
2002
1.000
0.166
0.482
0.120
0.049
0.051
0.085
0.048
2003
23.8
23.3
24.4
16.1
30.3
31.7
26.1
20.1
2003-04
501,771
82,725
242,916
56,465
25,684
27,380
43,356
23,246
2004
1.000
0.165
0.484
0.113
0.051
0.055
0.086
0.046
2004
1.000
0.163
0.480
0.114
0.049
0.061
0.089
0.044
2005
6.7
8.7
6.4
2.4
1.3
12.1
10.7
5.3
2005-06
664,456
108,404
318,727
76,014
32,244
40,373
59,129
29,565
2005
Percent share
32.4
31.0
31.2
34.6
25.5
47.5
36.4
27.2
2004-05
Growth Rates
405,232
67,068
195,288
48,635
19,712
20,791
34,381
19,357
2003
In Million PhP
Table 2
Domestic Tourism Expenditure by products, 2000 - 2010
1.000
0.166
0.478
0.110
0.046
0.064
0.092
0.044
2006
23.7
24.1
24.7
23.5
20.5
20.7
21.8
23.4
2006-07
709,273
117,849
339,167
77,813
32,649
45,239
65,431
31,126
2006
1.000
0.167
0.482
0.110
0.045
0.062
0.091
0.044
2007
(10.0)
(9.0)
(9.8)
(13.9)
(2.4)
(8.2)
(11.2)
(14.5)
2007-08
877,263
146,264
422,854
96,124
39,354
54,593
79,668
38,406
2007
1.000
0.169
0.483
0.105
0.049
0.063
0.090
0.042
2008
2.7
2.5
3.9
4.7
1.7
(4.4)
(0.7)
4.4
2008-09
789,400
133,084
381,484
82,720
38,407
50,112
70,744
32,848
2008
1.000
0.168
0.489
0.107
0.048
0.059
0.087
0.042
2009
15.1
14.5
15.7
14.1
11.1
17.5
15.2
12.6
2009-10
810,805
136,456
396,266
86,589
39,056
47,913
70,245
34,280
2009
1.000
0.168
0.492
0.106
0.046
0.060
0.087
0.041
2010
932,838
156,272
458,601
98,768
43,373
56,292
80,923
38,609
2010
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL OUTBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL OUTBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL OUTBOUND TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
1.000
0.333
0.039
0.346
0.042
1.000
0.294
0.166
0.084
0.017
0.066
2001
0.262
0.172
0.085
0.019
0.076
2000
3.6
16.4
1.8
14.2
10.8
18.7
(6.8)
(8.6)
1.5
45.7
9.1
2001-02
33.4
14.9
17.9
8.3
4.2
2000-01
63,248
21,060
2,457
18,441
2,217
53,301
18,601
10,514
5,322
1,096
4,198
2001
13,940
9,146
4,515
1,012
4,029
2000
1.000
0.374
0.038
0.265
0.147
0.082
0.024
0.070
2002
3.5
(1.6)
10.6
4.1
8.7
7.1
17.7
5.1
2002-03
65,537
24,510
2,501
17,343
9,606
5,400
1,596
4,581
2002
1.000
0.355
0.041
0.266
0.154
0.085
0.028
0.071
2003
1.000
0.346
0.034
0.274
0.165
0.091
0.028
0.061
2004
6.0
(6.2)
13.8
6.1
14.1
30.0
1.2
14.4
2004-05
72,415
25,047
2,485
19,820
11,952
6,620
2,045
4,447
2004
Percent share
6.7
3.9
(10.2)
9.8
14.5
14.5
8.8
(7.6)
2003-04
Growth Rates
67,844
24,108
2,767
18,056
10,440
5,782
1,878
4,813
2003
In Million PhP
1.000
0.306
0.037
0.274
0.178
0.112
0.027
0.066
2005
18.0
30.1
(4.0)
6.5
8.4
20.4
57.8
26.8
2005-06
76,764
23,504
2,827
21,035
13,632
8,608
2,069
5,088
2005
Table 3
Outbound Tourism Expenditure by products, 2000 - 2007
1.000
0.338
0.030
0.247
0.163
0.114
0.036
0.071
2006
(12.0)
(13.2)
4.0
(4.4)
(14.9)
(22.1)
(21.2)
(12.4)
2006-07
90,546
30,586
2,714
22,395
14,771
10,361
3,265
6,454
2006
1.000
0.333
0.035
0.269
0.158
0.101
0.032
0.071
2007
79,640
26,537
2,823
21,414
12,571
8,066
2,573
5,656
2007
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INTERNAL TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INTERNAL TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
B.1 Valuables
TOTAL INTERNAL TOURISM EXPENDITURE
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic services
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
Products
1.000
0.164
0.407
0.165
0.410
1.000
0.167
0.075
0.055
0.071
0.062
0.164
0.079
0.047
0.067
0.069
2000
(1.9)
(2.0)
(0.5)
17.0
16.9
17.6
(0.2)
(1.5)
(5.4)
(5.0)
(8.9)
2001
2001-02
19.7
10.5
38.9
24.9
4.8
2000-01
458,793
75,221
186,924
64,277
159,836
390,127
76,410
34,235
25,313
32,412
28,276
2001
63,860
30,994
18,229
25,949
26,982
2000
1.000
0.164
0.413
0.169
0.075
0.053
0.068
0.057
2002
8.4
10.7
9.0
4.2
5.6
11.1
11.9
7.1
2002-03
450,202
73,699
186,060
76,227
33,716
23,936
30,798
25,767
2002
1.000
0.167
0.416
0.163
0.073
0.054
0.071
0.057
2003
24.5
26.1
23.7
16.1
36.4
30.1
26.2
26.5
2003-04
488,137
81,565
202,862
79,449
35,616
26,582
34,477
27,586
2003
1.000
0.169
0.413
0.152
0.080
0.057
0.072
0.057
2004
1.000
0.172
0.418
0.141
0.072
0.064
0.078
0.056
2005
10.2
17.7
7.0
10.2
21.3
8.4
10.7
(1.8)
2005-06
767,836
131,819
321,319
107,967
55,349
48,847
59,615
42,919
Percent share
26.4
28.1
28.1
17.0
14.0
41.3
37.1
23.0
2004-05
Growth Rates
607,588
102,885
250,886
92,276
48,569
34,573
43,498
34,901
2005
In Million PhP
2004
TABLE 4
Internal Tourism Expenditure by products, 2000 - 2010
1.000
0.183
0.406
0.141
0.079
0.063
0.078
0.050
2006
18.1
12.1
23.6
13.0
17.5
14.8
20.8
10.1
2006-07
846,425
155,210
343,923
119,001
67,166
52,958
66,021
42,146
2006
1.000
0.174
0.425
0.135
0.079
0.061
0.080
0.046
2007
(11.0)
(5.5)
(9.9)
(17.3)
(18.4)
(11.0)
(10.9)
(12.0)
2007-08
999,358
173,913
425,068
134,466
78,941
60,789
79,786
46,397
2007
1.000
0.185
0.431
0.125
0.072
0.061
0.080
0.046
2008
2.4
2.4
3.8
1.0
2.5
(4.8)
1.1
4.6
2008-09
889,022
164,288
383,081
111,199
64,445
54,093
71,108
40,809
2008
1.000
0.185
0.437
0.123
0.073
0.057
0.079
0.047
2009
14.5
11.2
15.8
9.1
11.9
16.5
13.7
31.6
2009-10
910,463
168,256
397,770
112,363
66,058
51,490
71,860
42,666
2009
1.000
0.180
0.442
0.118
0.071
0.058
0.078
0.054
2010
1,042,064
187,158
460,548
122,568
73,904
60,010
81,730
56,147
2010
I. TOTAL OUTPUT (at basic prices)
II. TOTAL INTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTION (at purchasers price)(b)
(I-II)TOTAL GROSS VALUE ADDED (at basic prices)
Compensation of employees
Depreciation
Other taxes less subsudies on production
Gross operating surplus
B.1 Valuables
64,879
33,699
31,180
12,545
8,751
2,209
7,674
301
11
139,447
94,276
45,171
18,754
4,429
4,026
17,962
787
223
984
984
376
A.2 Tourism connected products
A.3 Non tourism related consumption products
231
2,333
376
138,437
2
137,220
-
Food and
Beverage
64,568
57,599
4,260
-
Accomodation
Services
7.a-Financial and Insurance Activities
7.b-Health and Wellness
A. Consumption Products
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment and Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods
6.a-Shopping
7-Miscellaneous
Products
216,910
114,236
102,675
26,898
22,488
2,281
51,007
2,877
-
214,033
214,033
-
Transport
services
25,949
14,281
11,668
6,359
1,319
873
3,118
-
-
25,949
25,949
-
49,697
21,289
28,408
9,350
5,344
4,098
9,616
294
-
49,402
191
49,211
-
Travel agencies
Entertainment
and other
reservation services and Recreation
64,277
21,583
42,695
11,166
3,721
689
27,118
-
-
64,277
64,277
Country-specific
tourism
characteristic goods
TOURISM INDUSTRIES
129,369
50,306
79,063
37,985
12,593
393
28,092
211
554
128,604
4,459
124,144
128,604
1
-
Miscellaneous
4,459
1,422
3,037
558
107
105
2,268
-
4,459
4,459
-
4,459
-
124,909
48,884
76,026
37,427
12,486
289
25,824
211
554
124,144
124,144
124,145
1
-
7.a-Financial and
7.b-Health
Insurance Activities and Wellness
TABLE 5
Production accounts on tourism industries and other industries (In million Php), 2000
690,529
349,669
340,860
123,057
58,645
14,570
144,588
685,271
57,602
141,480
214,224
25,949
49,211
66,841
129,963
4,459
125,504
1,298
3,960
Total tourism
industries
6,830,084
3,013,927
3,816,156
1,215,153
333,374
260,768
2,006,862
1,090,371
5,626,072
70,957
42,478
28,479
113,641
35
4,126
37,443
1,080
-
Total other
industries
7,520,613
3,363,596
4,157,016
1,338,209
392,019
275,338
2,151,450
1,091,669
5,630,032
200,920
46,937
153,983
798,912
57,637
145,606
251,667
25,949
50,291
66,841
(at basic prices)
producers
of domestic
TOTAL output
1.000
1.000
TOTAL
1.000
0.089
0.128
0.321
0.033
0.081
0.123
0.226
2001
A.1 Tourism Characteristics industries
1.000
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
0.091
2-Food and Beverage serving services
0.133
3-Transport Services
0.301
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
0.034
5-Entertainment & Recreation
0.083
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping
0.125
7-Miscellaneous
0.232
INDUSTRY
2000
7.6
12.6
TOTAL
7.6
6.6
2.6
8.5
12.0
11.2
7.5
7.8
2001-02
A.1 Tourism Characteristics industries
12.6
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
9.0
2-Food and Beverage serving services
9.0
3-Transport Services
20.1
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
7.2
5-Entertainment & Recreation
9.8
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping
10.2
7-Miscellaneous
9.6
INDUSTRY
2000-01
383,863
TOTAL
340,860
2001
383,863
33,978
49,224
123,266
12,509
31,186
47,039
86,661
2000
A.1 Tourism Characteristics industries
340,860
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
31,180
2-Food and Beverage serving services
45,171
3-Transport Services
102,675
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
11,668
5-Entertainment & Recreation
28,408
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping
42,695
7-Miscellaneous
79,063
INDUSTRY
1.000
1.000
0.088
0.122
0.324
0.034
0.084
0.122
0.226
2002
6.3
6.3
6.2
(4.9)
6.9
12.0
12.1
7.8
7.5
2002-03
413,079
413,079
36,206
50,520
133,699
14,006
34,689
50,547
93,411
2002
1.000
1.000
0.088
0.110
0.326
0.036
0.089
0.124
0.229
2003
15.9
15.9
17.6
15.8
22.9
9.8
15.6
9.9
9.7
2003-04
438,909
438,909
38,438
48,070
142,888
15,689
38,884
54,505
100,436
2003
1.000
1.000
0.089
0.109
0.345
0.034
0.088
0.118
0.217
2004
Share
9.8
9.8
5.1
12.4
7.2
25.1
8.2
14.0
10.5
2004-05
Growth rates
508,806
508,806
45,199
55,682
175,654
17,226
44,939
59,917
110,189
2004
1.000
1.000
0.085
0.112
0.337
0.039
0.087
0.122
0.218
2005
7.7
7.7
12.4
3.1
5.6
6.0
10.0
11.6
8.8
2005-06
558,578
558,578
47,482
62,583
188,238
21,555
48,646
68,285
121,790
2005
In Million PhP
Table 6a
GROSS VALUE ADDED OF TOURISM INDUSTRIES (GVATI), 2000-2010
1.000
1.000
0.089
0.107
0.330
0.038
0.089
0.127
0.220
2006
9.7
9.7
15.2
7.2
7.7
7.4
14.4
11.4
9.0
2006-07
601,799
601,799
53,349
64,500
198,871
22,857
53,532
76,225
132,464
2006
1.000
1.000
0.093
0.105
0.325
0.037
0.093
0.129
0.219
2007
7.8
7.8
(1.3)
12.6
6.1
8.4
10.1
10.5
9.3
2007-08
659,989
659,989
61,469
69,146
214,208
24,557
61,255
84,922
144,432
2007
1.000
1.000
0.085
0.109
0.319
0.037
0.095
0.132
0.222
2008
5.3
5.3
(7.0)
11.4
1.6
(2.0)
14.3
7.5
8.2
2008-09
711,636
711,636
60,684
77,881
227,295
26,619
67,411
93,857
157,888
2008
1.000
1.000
0.075
0.116
0.308
0.035
0.103
0.135
0.228
2009
14.6
14.6
8.1
21.0
12.4
10.5
32.2
10.8
10.5
2009-10
749,052
749,052
56,467
86,780
230,957
26,080
77,074
100,875
170,819
2009
1.000
1.000
0.071
0.122
0.302
0.034
0.119
0.130
0.222
2010
858,715
858,715
61,040
104,998
259,514
28,808
101,865
111,726
190,764
2010
1.000
1.000
TOTAL DIRECT GROSS VALUE ADDED (TDGVA)
0.577
0.148
0.053
0.038
0.055
0.069
0.205
0.009
0.423
2001
7.8
9.0
2000
7.6
6.6
2.6
6.6
5.8
7.8
11.8
12.0
11.2
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.8
8.1
10.0
9.0
9.0
19.1
18.7
19.3
22.1
7.2
9.8
10.2
10.0
11.5
9.5
7.6
2001-02
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
0.572
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
0.148
2-Food and Beverage serving services
0.053
3-Transport Services
0.035
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
0.056
5-Entertainment & Recreation
0.068
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping(*)0.203
7-Miscellaneous
0.009
A.2 Other products
0.428
Gross Value Added by Products
TOTAL DIRECT GROSS VALUE ADDED (TDGVA)
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
2-Food and Beverage serving services
3-Transport Services
Land Transportation Services
Water Transportation Services
Air Transportation Services
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
5-Entertainment & Recreation
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping(*)
7-Miscellaneous
Financial and Insurance Activities
Health and Wellness
A.2 Other products
Gross Value Added by Products
2000-01
228,974
TOTAL DIRECT GROSS VALUE ADDED (TDGVA)
210,144
2001
132,144
33,978
12,054
8,779
6,741
1,251
786
12,509
15,777
47,039
2,009
489
1,519
96,830
2000
A.1 Tourism Characteristics products
120,172
1- Accomodation Services for visitors
31,180
2-Food and Beverage serving services
11,061
3-Transport Services
7,370
Land Transportation Services
5,677
Water Transportation Services
1,049
Air Transportation Services
644
4-Travel agencies and other reservation services
11,668
5-Entertainment & Recreation
14,372
6-Country-specific tourism characteristic goods - shopping(*)
42,695
7-Miscellaneous
1,826
Financial and Insurance Activities
439
Health and Wellness
1,387
A.2 Other products
89,972
Gross Value Added by Products
1.000
0.576
0.147
0.050
0.038
0.057
0.071
0.205
0.009
0.424
2002
7.6
7.2
6.2
(4.9)
7.5
8.0
4.0
8.6
12.0
12.1
7.8
8.0
9.9
7.4
8.2
2002-03
246,877
142,206
36,206
12,371
9,360
7,132
1,349
879
14,006
17,550
50,547
2,166
528
1,638
104,671
2002
1.000
0.574
0.145
0.044
0.038
0.059
0.074
0.205
0.009
0.426
2003
13.1
13.4
17.6
15.8
16.0
13.2
13.3
42.4
9.8
15.6
9.9
10.5
13.4
9.6
12.6
2003-04
265,737
152,476
38,438
11,771
10,062
7,704
1,402
955
15,689
19,672
54,505
2,340
580
1,759
113,261
2003
1.000
0.576
0.150
0.045
0.039
0.057
0.076
0.199
0.009
0.424
2004
10.8
11.4
5.1
12.4
7.1
7.2
3.7
10.6
25.1
8.2
14.0
12.4
19.0
10.2
10.1
2004-05
1.000
0.578
0.143
0.046
0.038
0.065
0.074
0.205
0.009
0.422
2005
Share
9.8
10.0
12.4
3.1
7.7
9.0
(2.9)
10.8
6.0
10.0
11.6
11.2
18.8
8.3
9.6
2005-06
333,054
192,662
47,482
15,325
12,498
9,348
1,647
1,503
21,555
24,611
68,285
2,908
783
2,124
140,392
2005
In Million PhP
Growth rates
300,475
172,966
45,199
13,635
11,667
8,720
1,588
1,360
17,226
22,736
59,917
2,586
658
1,928
127,509
2004
Table 6b
TOURISM DIRECT GROSS VALUE ADDED, 2000-2010
1.000
0.579
0.146
0.043
0.037
0.062
0.074
0.208
0.009
0.421
2006
10.6
11.7
15.2
7.2
7.5
7.3
(0.3)
16.2
7.4
14.4
11.4
10.1
13.3
8.8
9.0
2006-07
365,837
211,999
53,349
15,794
13,458
10,193
1,599
1,666
22,857
27,083
76,225
3,233
931
2,302
153,838
2006
1.000
0.585
0.152
0.042
0.036
0.061
0.077
0.210
0.009
0.415
2007
9.6
7.1
(1.3)
12.6
6.4
6.5
5.3
6.5
8.4
10.1
10.5
9.8
11.2
9.2
13.1
2007-08
404,641
236,896
61,469
16,932
14,466
10,937
1,593
1,936
24,557
30,990
84,922
3,560
1,055
2,505
167,745
2007
1.000
0.572
0.137
0.043
0.035
0.060
0.077
0.212
0.009
0.428
2008
3.5
4.0
(7.0)
11.4
2.4
2.1
(19.7)
22.4
(2.0)
14.3
7.5
8.4
8.9
8.2
3.0
2008-09
443,305
253,636
60,684
19,071
15,391
11,652
1,678
2,061
26,619
34,105
93,857
3,909
1,172
2,737
189,669
2008
1.000
0.574
0.123
0.046
0.034
0.057
0.085
0.220
0.009
0.426
2009
13.0
13.9
8.1
21.0
7.1
2.9
6.8
27.4
10.5
32.2
10.8
9.6
14.3
7.5
11.7
2009-2010
458,976
263,667
56,467
21,250
15,765
11,894
1,348
2,523
26,080
38,993
100,875
4,237
1,277
2,960
195,308
2009
1.000
0.579
0.118
0.050
0.033
0.056
0.099
0.215
0.009
0.421
2010
518,465
300,352
61040
25711
16,888
12,234
1,440
3,214
28,808
51,536
111,726
4,643
1,460
3,183
218,113
2010
3,196
11.0%
9.3%
2001
29,154
2,724
76
592
1,157
124
245
205
325
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
TOURISM CHARACTERISTIC INDUSTRIES
Hotels and restaurants
Restaurants and Similar
Passenger Transport
Travel Agents, tour operators and tourism guides
Recreation, entertainment and cultural services
Retail trade on tourism-characteristic goods
Miscellaneous
GROWTH RATES (%)
01-02
3.1
2.8
3.8
3.8
2.1
1.8
1.8
6.8
1.6
WTTC estimates for employment revised fr. 2005 as per WYYC 2011 report
National Statistics Office (NSO)
Source of data: Labor Force Survey
WTTC Estimates
% Share
Share to Total Employment
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
TOURISM CHARACTERISTIC INDUSTRIES
Hotels and Similars
Restaurants and Similar
Passenger Transport
Travel Agents, tour operators and tourism guides
Recreation, entertainment and cultural services
Retail trade on tourism-characteristic goods
Miscellaneous
02-03
1.9
5.0
8.2
8.2
6.9
0.5
6.2
(0.2)
(3.9)
3,155
10.5%
9.3%
2002
30,062
2,799
79
614
1,181
126
250
219
330
03-04
3.2
4.7
7.5
7.5
5.1
8.2
4.9
4.8
(5.3)
3,023
9.9%
9.6%
2003
30,627
2,940
86
665
1,262
127
265
219
318
04-05
2.2
1.9
6.8
6.8
1.0
3.6
(7.2)
4.7
(1.4)
3,333
10.5%
9.7%
2004
31,611
3,077
92
714
1,326
137
278
229
301
05-06
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.9
1.3
14.5
3.4
2.2
1.1
4,955
15.3%
9.7%
2005
32,312
3,136
98
763
1,339
142
258
240
297
06-07
1.8
4.4
2.3
2.3
4.7
5.9
16.3
1.1
0.7
5,021
15.2%
9.8%
2006
32,962
3,217
101
785
1,356
163
267
245
300
TABLE 7. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES AND EMPLOYMENT IN TOURISM INDUSTRIES, 2000 - 2010
In thousand persons
07-08
1.6
1.7
5.1
5.1
(0.3)
2.8
(0.4)
1.5
2.3
5,065
15.1%
10.0%
2007
33,564
3,359
103
804
1,419
172
310
248
302
08-09
2.8
3.9
5.9
5.9
3.4
(0.8)
(0.1)
4.3
6.1
4,717
13.8%
10.0%
2008
34,089
3,415
109
845
1,415
177
309
252
309
09-10
2.8
4.1
3.5
3.5
1.8
2.9
17.3
5.1
4.0
4,313
12.3%
10.1%
2009
35,060
3,547
115
894
1463
175
309
263
328
4371
12.1%
10.2%
2010
36,047
3,694
119
926
1489
181
362
276
341