Spring Herbicide Options for Bermuda Fescue Grass

Spring Herbicide Options for Bermuda /
Fescue Grass Stand Success
L. S. Warren Jr. (03-22-11)
The Key to Greener Pastures?
Remove weed competition
both
Winter and summer weeds
knowing
Can’t be done with one herbicide at one timing
Advantages of Early Weed Identification
Can control before desired crop gets thinned out
Less herbicide usually needed for control of younger plants
(save money)
Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter the rate
(henbit, Italian ryegrass, curly dock)
Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill the parent
plant, but offspring will be unaffected)
Nov 28, 2006: Italian ryegrass
Mar 22, 2007: Italian ryegrass
Mar 8, 2011
Mar 23, 2010
Henbit control
averaged over 1997 - 2007
100
Millenium Ultra 2 1-1.25 qt
Escalade 2 1-1.5 qt
80
% Control
Trimec Classic 1.5-1.75 qt
60
40
20
Confront 1-2 pt
50
39
38
43
42
Coolpower 1-1.5 qt
MOA’s 4’s
for all
0
Rates are product per acre, averaged across formulations, locations, years.
2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba [4+4+4] 3.5 pt/A: Apr 11, 2005 (4 WAT)
2,4-D + Fluroxypyr +
Dicamba 3 pt/A
[4+4+4]
Applied 10-22-09
Photo 11-17-09
Check
Curly Dock Control in a Coastal
Bermudagrass Pasture Treated Mar 24
16
Banvel 4SL 1 qt/A
100
80
% Control
lsd p=.05
60
40
20
0
RUMCR May 20
2009: Jones County
Cimarron + NIS
0.1 oz/A + 0.25%
Cimarron Max + NIS
0.25 oz+1 pt/A + 0.25%
Cimarron Plus 63WG
0.125 oz/A + 0.25%
Forefront 3EC + NIS
2.3 pt/A + 0.25%
Grazon P+D 2.54L
1 qt/A + 0.25%
Redeem 3SL + NIS
2.5 pt/A + 0.25%
Check
Curly Dock Control in a Coastal
Bermudagrass Pasture Treated Mar 24
16
% Control
100
lsd p=.05
Aim 2EC + NIS
2 fl oz/A + 0.25%
80
Outrider 75WG + NIS
1.33 oz/A + 0.25%
60
Weedar 64 3.8L
3 pt/A
40
Remedy Ultra 4EC
1 qt/A
Telar XP 75WG + NIS
1 oz/A + 0.25%
20
Weedmaster 3.87L +
NIS 1.5 pt/A + 0.25%
0
RUMCR May 20
2009: Jones County
Check
Weedmaster + MSO
1 qt/A + 1 qt/A
Apr 11, 2005 2 WAT
Postemergence Weed Control in Hay Crops
(Winter Annuals and Cool Season Perennials)
Best time to control (usually*) is Oct through Dec
Weeds are germinating, young, actively growing
*Germination depends on rainfall – could be dry,
grass canopy, other factors
A good time to control is Feb through Apr*
Winter weeds begin their final growth spurt
* Don’t wait too late by letting weeds go to seed!
Today’s Topics
Herbicide Resistance Management
Spring Weed Control Options for…
Fescue Stands
Overseeded Bermudagrass Stands
Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Stands
Herbicide Resistance Management
Not a new phenomenon
Goosegrass documented resistance to DNA
herbicides in 1970’s in NC
Smooth pigweed, lambsquarter, annual bluegrass –
triazines
Cocklebur – organoarsenicals and ALS inhibitors
Italian ryegrass – ACCase and ALS inhibitors
Ragweed – ALS inhibitors
Horseweed (2003), palmer amaranth (2005),
ragweed (2006) – Roundup resistance
How to Avoid or Delay Herbicide Resistance?
Mode of action (MOA) is the process by which a
herbicide kills susceptible plants.
Resistance is encouraged when the same herbicide
or herbicide family is used year after year for the
same weed control.
The way to avoid or delay herbicide resistance is to
rotate not necessarily herbicides, but herbicide
families every three or four years…if options
exist!!!
Herbicide Resistance Management
Herbicide MOA’s are represented by numerical
codes in brackets next to the herbicide name in
this presentation. MOA numbers are also listed
after the herbicide common name in the NC Ag
Chem Manual.
If your herbicide program throughout the year
consists of products with the same MOA
numbers, you may be a candidate for future
weed resistance issues.
Tall Fescue Pasture Herbicides
Grass Herbicides
Tall fescue: no herbicides available at all
Broadleaf Herbicides
Many options available for established tall fescue
Limited options available for seedling tall fescue
Tall Fescue Pasture Broadleaf Herbicides
(Bermudagrass also)
[4]
2,4-D
2,4-D amine or ester
[14] Aim
carfentrazone
[4]
dicamba amine
Banvel
[2+4] Chaparral***
metsulfuron + aminopyralid
[2+2] Cimarron Plus*** metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron
Cimarron Max*** metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine
[2+4+4]
+ dicamba amine
*** Tall fescue stand must be at least 2 yrs – expect injury
Tall Fescue Pasture Broadleaf Herbicides
(Bermudagrass also)
[4+4] Crossbow
2,4-D ester + triclopyr ester
[4+4] Curtail
2,4-D amine + clopyralid amine
[4+4] ForeFront R&P
aminopyralid + 2,4-D amine
[4+4] Grazon P+D
picloram amine + 2,4-D amine
[4]
aminopyralid
Milestone
[19+4]Overdrive
diflufenzopyr + dicamba
Tall Fescue Pasture Broadleaf Herbicides
(Bermudagrass also)
[4+4] PastureGard
triclopyr ester + fluroxypyr ester
[4+14]Rage D-Tech
carfentrazone + 2,4-D ester
[4+4] Redeem R&P
triclopyr amine + clopyralid amine
[4]
triclopyr ester
Remedy Ultra
[4+4] Surmount
picloram amine + fluroxypyr ester
[2]
chlorsulfuron
Telar XP***
[4+4] Weedmaster
2,4-D amine + dicamba amine
*** Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz on tall fescue – expect injury
Fall Seeded / Overseeded Grasses
(General Statements)
If spraying before seeding…
Wait 3 to 4 weeks before seeding (check specific
labels for accuracy of statement)
If spraying after seeding…
Wait until seedlings get 6 inches of growth and begin
tillering (check specific labels) usually spring
Herbicides Labeled for Pasture Seedlings
Banvel [4]
Up to 1 pint/A for new seedlings
Weedmaster
[4+4]
Up to 2 pint/A for new seedlings
2 to 4 pint/A for new stolons
Oct 27, 2008
Herbicide Options for Overseeded Bermuda
Bermudagrass overseeded with cool season small
grain grasses (similar to fescue)
Treat stand as an immature cool season stand
(similar to seedling fescue), not a bermuda stand
Grass weed control options??? NO
Unlike fescue, many standard pasture broadleaf
herbicides aren’t registered for small grains,
whether seedling or tillered
Barley, Millet, Oats, Rye, Ryegrass,
Triticale and Wheat Herbicides
2,4-D [4]
0.5 to 2 pt/A
Fully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before joint
stage
Wait 14 day before meat and dairy animals finished
for slaughter can forage
Barley, Millet, Oats, Rye, Ryegrass,
Triticale and Wheat Herbicides
Aim [14]
Active ingredient: carfentrazone
Apply prior to planting up to joint stage
2 fl oz/A + 0.25% NIS
Weed size: 4 inch in height; 3 inch rosette stage
Restrictions: None
Only controls a few broadleaf weed species
Barley, Oats, Rye and Wheat
Herbicides
Rage D-Tech [4+14]
Active ingredients: carfentrazone + 2,4-D ester
Apply from 3 tiller up to joint stage
0.5 to 1 pt/A + 0.25% NIS
Weed size: up to 6 inch in height
Restrictions: 14 day slaughter; do not feed treated
straw to livestock
Rye???, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale and
Wheat Herbicides
Banvel [4]
2 to 4 fl oz/A on 2 to 3 leaf weeds with 2 inch
rosettes
Fully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before joint
stage
7 day hay restriction for lactating dairy animals (no
grazing restriction for non-lactating animals)
37 day hay harvest; 30 day slaughter restriction
Barley, Rye, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale
and Wheat Herbicides
Weedmaster [4+4]
A mix of 2,4-D and Banvel
Follow restrictions pertaining to both herbicides
Controls more weeds than either herbicide alone
Up to 2 pt/A on newly seeded / young small grain
Restrictions:
7 day – dairy grazing;
30 day – slaughter; 37 day - hay
Herbicide Options for Nonoverseeded
Bermuda
Broadleaf weeds: all previously mentioned fescue /
small grain herbicides are available
Grass weeds???:
Bermuda Pasture Grass/Broadleaf Herbicides
[2+9] Journey
imazapic + glyphosate
[2]
Panoramic
imazapic (injures green bermuda)
[3]
Prowl H20
pendimethalin
[9]
Roundup*
glyphosate
Apply above herbicides to dormant bermuda
[2]
Cimarron forms.
metsulfuron (bahiagrass only)
[2]
Outrider
sulfosulfuron (johnsongrass only)
* Many generic formulations of glyphosate
[2+2] Pastora
nicosulfuron + metsulfuron
Bermuda Pasture Grass/Broadleaf Herbicides
Journey
(Roundup also) Italian ryegrass, little barley,
annual bluegrass suppresses orchardgrass
Panoramic Italian ryegrass, little barley… sedges,
crabgrass, foxtails, sandspur, johnsongrass,
Prowl H20 crab, goose, foxtail, signalgrass, fair sandspur
Cimarron forms.
bahiagrass only
Outrider
johnsongrass only
Pastora
Italian ryegrass, little barley, annual bluegrass
Possible crab and goose, sandspur, signalgrass, johnsongrass
Pastora
Post Grass Herbicides
Nicosulfuron + metsulfuron: (registered 2010)
No restrictions; no long-term bermuda injury at any timing
Barnyardgrass, bdlf signalgrass, foxtail & panicum spp. (2”)
Sandbur spp. (1.5”); johnsongrass (up to 18”)
Bahiagrass (before seedhead formation)
Large crabgrass (control / suppress); goosegrass (suppress)
Ryegrass spp., volunteer cereals (2”)
Research Objectives
To evaluate efficacy of Pastora for postemergence
large crabgrass, goosegrass and Italian ryegrass
control
To evaluate growth response of ‘Coastal’
bermudagrass when treated at various timings
Procedures
Trial locations and Years
• Raleigh (Wake County) 2009
Italian ryegrass, little barley, large crabgrass
• Elizabethtown (Bladen County) 2009 and 2010
Large crabgrass, goosegrass, bermuda visual effects
• Clinton (Sampson County) 2010
Italian ryegrass, bermuda visual effects
Treatment List
Pastora + NIS
Pastora + NIS
Pastora + COC
Pastora + NIS
Pastora + COC
Panoramic + NIS
Roundup (+ NIS)
Journey + NIS
Past. + Round. + NIS
1 oz/A + 0.25%
1 oz/A + 0.25% (2 appls)
1 oz/A + 1%
1.5 oz/A + 0.25%
1.5 oz/A + 1%
4 or 8 fl oz/A + 0.25%
11 fl oz/A or (6 fl oz + 0.25%)
1 qt/A + 0.25%
1 oz/A + 6 fl oz/A + 0.25%
Italian Ryegrass, Little Barley and Large
Crabgrass Control in Coastal Bermudagrass
a a c a a
c c c c c
100
Italian ryegrass
Treated Apr 15
Rated May 26
% Control
80
Little barley
Treated Apr 15
Rated May 26
60
Large crabgrass
Treated Apr 15
Rated Jul 8
40
20
Large crabgrass
Treated Jun 8
Rated Jul 8
0
1 oz/A Pastora +
0.25% NIS
Check
2009: Wake County
Large crabgrass
Treated Jun 15
Rated Jul 8
2009 Wake County Trial Discussion
Apr 15 application date: Italian ryegrass was 8 to 12
inches tall with density of 3 plants per ft2
Little barley was 3 to 5 inches and 1 plant per ft2
Large crabgrass had not germinated due to heavy
winter weed infestations (0% control)
Jun 3: 1st harvest date
Jun 8 application date: Large crabgrass just
germinating at 1 to 2 leaves and 1 inch tall
Jun 15 application date: Large crabgrass 3 to 4
leaves and 1 to 2 inches tall
Large Crabgrass Control and Coastal
Bermudagrass Stand Reduction
3
12
13
9
3
2
100
LSD (P=.05)
Pastora 1 oz/A
Apr 21
80
Pastora 1.5 oz/A
Apr 21
60
40
Pastora 1 oz/A
Apr 21 and Jun 11
20
Panoramic 0.25 pt/A
Apr 21
0
Digsa Digsa Digsa Stand Stand Stand
Jun Jul 21 Sep 3 May Jun Jul 21
25
7
25
2009: Bladen County
Check
0.25% NIS added
to all trts
2009 Bladen County Trial Discussion
Winter weed infestation extremely light
Apr 21: Trial initiated
Large crabgrass 1 to 3 leaves and 0.75 inch tall and
not heavily populated
Panoramic bermuda effects observed through Jul
Jun 4: 1st harvest date
Jun 11: 1 oz/A Pastora sequential slightly stunted
bermudagrass growth with peak symptoms at 2
weeks and full recovery by 4 weeks
Check May 20, 2009
Pastora 1 oz/A + 0.25% NIS
May 20, 2009 (4 WAIT)
Panoramic 0.25 pt/A + 0.25% NIS
May 20, 2009 (4 WAIT)
Italian Ryegrass Control and Coastal
Bermudagrass Stand Effects
12
12
23
23
100
lsd p=.05
Pastora + COC
1 oz/A + 1%
80
Pastora + COC
1.5 oz/A + 1%
60
40
Roundup Weathermax
11 fl oz/A
20
Panoramic + NIS
0.5 pt/A + 0.25%
0
LOLMU LOLMU
%
%
Jan 14 Mar 9 COVER COVER
Jan 14 Mar 9
2010: Sampson County
Journey 2.25L + NIS
1 qt/A + 0.25%
Check
LOLMU: rated Apr 21
CYNDA: rated May 5
2010 Sampson County Trial Discussion
Jan 14 application date:
All trts provided excellent LOLMU control (>90%)
LOLMU 3 to 5 inches tall and heavily infested
Mar 9 application date:
Pastora and Journey provided excellent control
Roundup and Panoramic only 76-80% control
LOLMU 4 to 8 inches tall and ground completely
saturated due to recent snow and lagoon pumping
Mar 28
Check harvested 1st week of May
Photo
May 18, 2010
Panoramic + NIS
Photo
May 18,
2010
0.5 pt/A + 0.25%
Treated
Mar 9,
2010
Pastora + COC
1.5 oz/A + 1%
Photo
May 18,
2010
Treated
Mar 9,
2010
May 18, 2010
Goosegrass Control and Coastal
Bermudagrass Stand Effects
7
19
lsd p=.05
Pastora + NIS
1 oz/A + 0.25%
100
80
Roundup Powermax +
NIS 6 fl oz/A + 0.25%
60
Pastora + Roundup
Powermax + NIS
1 oz/A + 6 fl oz/A +
0.25%
Check
40
20
0
ELEIN Jul 8
% COVER Jul 8
2010: Bladen County
Jun 9, 2010
Application date
2010 Bladen County Trial Discussion
Test area heavily infested with Italian ryegrass and
other winter weeds
Jun 4: 1st cutting to remove mainly ryegrass
Jun 9 application date:
Heavy infestation of goosegrass ranging from 2
leaves to 2+ tillers and 2 to 6 inches tall (1 tiller
and 4 inch tall avg.)
Pastora + NIS
1 oz/A + 0.25%
Treated Jun 9
Photo Jul 8
Pastora + R. Powermax +
NIS
1 oz/A + 6 fl oz/A + 0.25%
Treated Jun 9
Photo Jul 8
Roundup Powermax + NIS
6 fl oz/A + 0.25%
Treated Jun 9
Photo Jul 8
Check
Plot Overview
Jun 23
2 WAT
(1 WA Grower)
Plot Overview
Jul 8
4 WAT
(3 WA Grower)
Conclusions
1 oz/A Pastora provided excellent (>90%) control of 4 to 12
inch Italian ryegrass when applied Jan through Apr and 4
inch little barley applied in Apr
11 fl oz/A Roundup Weathermax and 0.5 pt/A Panoramic
provided excellent Italian ryegrass control at 4 inch ht in
Jan but only 76-80% control to 6 inch growth applied in
Mar; Mar Panoramic slowed bermuda coverage during
spring greenup by 30%
Conclusions
1 oz/A Pastora provided excellent initial control of large
crabgrass up to 4 leaves and 2 inches in ht; Apr timing
required sequential to maintain >90% control with
sequential slightly stunting bermuda growth for 2-3 weeks
1 oz/A Pastora provided excellent goosegrass control when
applied to 1 tillered plants 4 inches in ht; 6 fl oz/A
Roundup Powermax provided no goosegrass control