Seasera Med Toulon meetin Isabelle Taupier Letage

Transcription

05/10/2012
Is a Mediterranean
Mediterranean--wide
observation program possible on
climatological scale?
scale?
(an observing oceanographer’s point of view
view))
Isabelle TAUPIER-LETAGE
CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université
MIO UMR7294 /AMU/CNRS/IRD/USTV
[email protected]
Jan. 1998
1
05/10/2012
Surface circulation in the Mediterranean
200 m
• Counter-clockwise circuits in both basins
from Millot and Taupier-Letage (2005)
• Essentially alongslope
• Locally and temporally disturbed by mesoscale phenomena
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
1-year drift of floats
at 1200 and 2000m
Courtesy Testor and Send, IFM Kiel
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
2
05/10/2012
Section of the Ierapetra (2005) wind-induced eddy (1000m)
Recent
AW
entrai
ned by
eddies
New
LIW
IEO5
AW
LIW
Section of the Ierapetra (2005) wind-induced eddy (seafloor)
Eddies can reach the bottom => disturb the deepest circulation
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
3
05/10/2012
Slight (climatological)
climatological) changes
easier to detect at depth…
depth…
theoretically!!
theoretically
off Libya at ~3200m (few m above the seafloor) :
sharp variations of ~0.1°C few-day events
(NB: record too short to derive a relevant trend)
Seasera Worskhop Toulon 26-27 Sept. 2012
2- 2333m
0.1°C
3- 2468m
0.1°C
4- 2218m
0.1°C
0.1°C
5- 2473m
6- 2362m
0.1°C
7- 2473m
0.1°C
Apr. 06
Temperature variability few meters above bottom
Mesoscale: ~0.01°C/few days climatological trend: ~0.01°C/year
Mar. 07
4
05/10/2012
Deep circulation in the Mediterranean
WMDW
AdDW
TDW
AeDW
1000 m
2750 m
From Millot and
Taupier-Letage (2005)
Alongslope and counterclockwise
Recirculation of the deeper parts, trapping in troughs
Locally disturbed by mesoscale phenomena
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
Lack of data in the central zones and in
the southern part of the Mediterranean
5
05/10/2012
Designing a Mediterranean-wide oceanographic
observing network on the long term
Main factors to take into account:
• Interdependance of both basins
=> sample both basins, including southern areas
• Dense Water Formation (DWF) processes
• + related « events » : EMT, WMT
=> abrupt changes
=> high interannual variability
=> yearly repetition of CTD transects down to the bottom (ship)
• Mesoscale phenomena ubiquitous and permanent
=> very high spatio-temporal variability
⇒ reduced sampling interval
⇒ autonomous time series (moorings, buoys, gliders…)
Characteristics of a MED-SHIP transect:
• cross-basin
• cross the circulation (from slope to
slope) => NS transects essentially
• sampling interval: ~10 milles (for CTD)
• full depths casts
=> 1 CTD cast 1000m deep interleaved
• 1/year (for CTD)
• late spring-summer
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
6
05/10/2012
Synergies between Mediterranean programs
The HydroChanges network
X
X
Deploy HydroChanges moorings in the deepest zones to track the characteristics
of the densest waters formed (at least when close to transects )
Add HydroChanges moorings at the foot slope and in all straits (few examples)
Seasera Workshop Toulon 26-27 Sept. 2012
7
05/10/2012
Problem: national funding exclusively
for “northern” countries
Annual CTD transects + MED-SHIP program
Genoa
Marseille
Piraeus
Algiers
LIBYA
Alexandria
Annual CTD transect (bottom)
HydroChanges mooring
HydroChanges mooring needed
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
8
05/10/2012
Characteristics of a MED -SHIP
Scenario for a
MED (GO)-SHIP:
•
•
•
2-3 transects
Sampling: 10 miles
1 cast 1000m-1 full depth
•
•
Year 1 & 2: « CTD » only
Year 3: full sampling
=> Define a REGional-SHIP?
01/01/05
02/07/07
01/01/10
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
9
05/10/2012
TRANSMED:low-cost thermosalinometers : fully autonomous to allow
the complete coverage of the Mediterranean
CIESM WS#43 12/05/2011
First trip TRANSMED May
2010 (Genoa, Malta, Tripoli, Genoa)
Surface Temperature
(°C)Genoa/
Northern
Current
Strait of Bonifacio
Genoa
Sardinian Channel
Malta
South of
Sicily
www.ciesm.org
www.hymex.org
Malta
Salinity
20
10
05/10/2012
Salinity
Marseilles
TRANSMED
Northern Current
(AW)
09-10 March 2011
(Algiers -Marseilles)
Marseilles
Rhone
influence
Algerian
Current (AW)
Algiers
Temperature (°C)
www.hymex.org
Algiers
www.ciesm.org
TRANSMED
Thermosalinometer data in quasi real time
(SOP HYMEX, LOP):
11
05/10/2012
Characteristics of a MED-SHIP transect:
•
•
•
cross-basin (from slope to slope)
sampling interval: ~10 milles (for CTD)
1/year (for CTD)
=> foster the use (development?) of profiling
« bio-geo-chemical sensors » (to be attached to
the CTD)
=> develop rapid methods for processing and
analysing « bio-geo-chemical » samples (up to a
trade-off on precision??)
Practical –but essential - considerations
• Get a Mediterranean-wide agreement for sampling (e.g. maritime
jurisdiction claims of EEZs up to 200 miles)
Has been done for the Baltic Sea
First step: CTD only (~WMO #40 agreement)?
Ideal role for CIESM –or others !
• Get an international program framework /agreement:
Requested for funding application, collaborations…
Lobby for acknowledging the importance of funding on long term in
situ observations, and not only at the national level
• Secure funding on a 5-years scale at least
• Get shiptime …
Lobby to have a EUROFLEET specific call?
Share the effort: 1 yearly Med-wide campaign per country => 1
campaign every ~5years? (+ educational possibility)
• GET MAN-POWER…
12

Seasera Med Toulon meetin Isabelle Taupier Letage

Transcription

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