Resultados preliminares del proyecto Los Desiertos Verdes

Transcription

Segundo seminario LIFE+ Los Desiertos Verdes “Recuperación del suelo en áreas abandonadas: Hacia un nuevo modelo productivo agroforestal”
Resultados preliminares del
proyecto Los Desiertos Verdes
Ayoó de Vidriales, March 2014
 Introduction
2th Meeting/Seminar – LIFE+ GREEN DESERT - Ayoó de Vidriales, March 2014
 Enviromental Improvement
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
 Land degradation leads to a significant reduction of the productive capacity
of land.
 Extent and causes of land degradation
 Deforestation. 580 million ha
 Forest Fire
 Overgrazing. 680 million ha
 Fuelwood consumption. 137 million ha
 Agricultural mismanagement. 550 million ha
 Industry and urbanization. 19.5 million ha
 Mining
Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
o “Desertification" means land degradation in arid, semi‐arid and dry sub‐
humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities;
 Introduction
Source: UNEP 1992 and GRID Arendal 2001
 Introduction
Source: UNEP 1992 and GRID Arendal 2001
 Introduction
LAND DEGRADATION - UNEP
Prevention: implies the use of conservation measures that maintain
natural resources and their environmental and productive function
on land that may be prone to degradation.
Mitigation: is intervention intended to reduce ongoing degradation.
This comes in at a stage when degradation has already begun.
Rehabilitation: is required when the land is already degraded to
such an extent that the original use is no longer possible, and land
has become practically unproductive. Here longer-term and more
costly investments are needed to show any impact.
Source: Hanspeter Liniger, Godert van Lynden, Freddy Nachtergaele, Gudrun Schwilch (2008) A
Questionnaire for Mapping Land Degradation and Sustainable Land Management. CDE/WOCAT,
FAO/LADA, ISRIC
 Introduction
EUROPEAN COMMISSION http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/three_en.htm
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European
Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee
of the Regions (2006). Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the
European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions
(2012). The implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy and ongoing activities.
The Four Pillars of The Strategy
1. Awareness raising
2.Research
3. Integration
• Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
• Industrial installations.
• Cohesion Policy.
• State aids for the remediation of soil contamination.
4. Legislation
 Introduction
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council
establishing a framework for the protection of soil and amending
Directive 2004/35/EC* (presented by the Commission) COM(2006) 232
final.
Directive 2004/35/EC
damage
*
- environmental liability - environmental
Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on "Implementation of the
Soil Thematic Strategy and ongoing activities” COM(2012) 46 final .
European Environment Agency / Joint Research Centre (EEA/JCR)
(2012) The State of Soil in Europe
 Introduction
INTERACTION SOIL POLICIES WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES
EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/2020.htm
European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the
European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social
Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2011).
Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020
COM(2011) 244 final
 Introduction
INTERACTION SOIL POLICIES WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES
European Commission. Commission Staff Working Document Accompanying the Document - Communication from the
Commission To the European Parliament, the Council, the European
Economic And Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions
A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the forest-based sector.
SWD(2013) 342 final
 Introduction
Ten interlinked priorities proposed by the WG under the Standing Forestry
 Introduction
Relevant EU targets and contribution from forests and
the forest sector
1. Growth and jobs
2. Poverty and social exclusion
3. Climate change. In 2020 reduction by 20% of CO2
4. Energy. 20% share of energy from renewable sources
by 2020.
5. Biodiversity
6. Deforestation
 Introduction
INTERACTION SOIL POLICIES WITH EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL
FUND FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (EAFRD)
1. fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture,
forestry, and rural areas with a focus on the following areas:
a) fostering innovation and the know ledge base in rural areas;
b) the links between agriculture and forestry and research and
Innovation
c) fostering lifelong learning and vocational training in the
agricultural and forestry sectors.
...
 Introduction
INTERACTION SOIL POLICIES WITH EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL FUND FOR
RURAL DEVELOPMENT (EAFRD)
4. restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems dependent on agriculture
and forestry, with a focus on the following areas:
a) restoring and preserving biodiversity, including in Natura 2000 areas
and high nature value farming, and the state of European landscapes;
b) improving water management;
c) improving soil management.
5. promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low
carbon and climate resilient economy in agriculture, food and forestry
sectors, with a focus on the following areas:
a) increasing efficiency in water use by agriculture;
…
e) fostering carbon sequestration in agriculture and forestry;
 Introduction
 Improvement Engineering
8th EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation in
Horizon 2020
 FORESTRY
EUROPEAN BIOECONOMY
Innovative, Sustainable and Inclusive Bioeconomy
Agroecological Farming Systems
Bioeconomy Strategy for Europe
Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry
 BIOTECHNOLOGY
 ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE ACTION
 INNOVATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)
 Introduction
 Improvement Engineering
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS. A new EU Forest
Strategy: for forests and the forest-based. COM(2013) 659 final.
3.3.6 New and innovative forestry and added-value products.
- The Commission will assist Member States and stakeholders in transferring
technological and scientific knowledge to forest practice and the market, in
particular through Horizon 2020 and the European Innovation Partnership
on Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability, supporting the development
of new products with higher added-value.
- The Commission will ensure that results and good practices are
disseminated through the EU forest governance structure and other
relevant for a.
 Objetives
 LIFE
Demonstration that the proposed planting
techniques allow to cultivate trees in dry
climates, on poor dry soil and on rocks, in
response to desertification phenomena due to
climate change.
 Survives and grows well 3-4 years after
planting and if this success rate is
achieved for at least 75 % of the used
species
 Objetives
 LIFE
 Objetives
 UVA-Partners
 Development
of
a
best
practices for the use of
waterboxx.
 Suggest improvements
waterboxx design.
to
 Planting of sapling and bushes
 The decision on which
species to plant
 Planting sapling and bushes with waterboxx
 Planting sapling and bushes without waterboxx (test plots)
 Maintenance, control and
technical monitoring
 Data sheet for survival and ecological conditions
 Control by GPS of survival species

Control by GPS of
survival species
Control water level into waterboxx
 Control temperature into waterboxx
 Control temperature out of waterboxx
 Temperature monitored by sensors
CONTROL BY DRONES
CONTROL BY DRONES
 Results and Discussion
 Statistical Analysis
Muestreos/Samplings
Supervivencia/ Survival
100,00%
Porcentaje/Percentage
95,00%
90,00%
85,00%
Supervivencia
Tendencia
80,00%
Survival
75,00%
Trends
70,00%
0
10
20
30
Meses/Months
40
50
60
Muertes/Death
Supervivencia/Survival
2ª Plantación / 2th Planting
Incorporación
Abandono/Give up
Inicio Estudio
1ª Plantación
Start of the Sudy
1st Planting
Muestreos/Samplings
2ª Plantación
Final Estudio
Final Study
Advantage
 Analize survival throughout the study period
 It can incorporate the new plantings
 Permits in areas like San Boi losses animal
attacks are not counted as deaths, but as
lost
 Permits diferentiate survival by factors, by
species, different plots, etc..
Analysis of survival by Kaplan-Meier and
the SPSS statistical program
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
TEMPERATURES
25
15
Mean monthly
temperatures
10
Mean annual
temperature
5
Maximum
temperatures
0
Minimum
temperatures
‐5
‐10
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Degrees ºC
20
San Isidro annual rainfall 1351 mm
Spain average annual rainfall 675 mm
 Pto. San Isidro
PROBLEMS:
- Sandy soil > 90%.
- Lot of stones.
- Unstable soil.
- Snow.
 Pto. San Isidro
SNOW COVER
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
 Pto. San Isidro
Survival analysis - population total
Waterboxx - Test
 Pto. San Isidro
Survival analysis - population total
Waterboxx Types - Test
 Pto. San Isidro
Survival analysis - Birch
 Pto. San Isidro
Survival analysis – Pinus sylvestris
 Pto. San Isidro
CONCLUSIONS
-
The Waterboxx protects the plant of micro-lanslide. Although the
waterboxx breaks.
-
The Waterboxx protects the plant of snow and low temperatures.
-
Good survival of waterboox.
 San Mateo de
Gállego
 San Mateo de
Gállego
PROBLEMS:
- Basic pH > 8.
- Organic matter in the soil are low.
- Low rainfall.
- Wind
 The wind erodes the soil.
 Windy weather drying out the soil
 San Mateo de
Gállego
San Mateo de Gállego annual rainfall 386 mm
 San Mateo de
Gállego
Source: SITAR. Sistema de Información Territorial de Aragón
 San Mateo de
Gállego
Plantations LIFE 09:
- Waterboxx Green, Yellow, Bio – April 2011.
- Waterboxx Carton – April 2013.
 San Mateo de
Gállego
10 m/s =
36 km/h
Source:
Departamento de
Agricultura y Medio
Ambiente – Oficina
del Regante
Weather station
Zuera
Height 282m
Utmx:685330.0m
Utmy:4639810.0 m
Huso:30
 San Mateo de
Gállego
-
Waterboxx Green, Yellow, Bio – Abril 2011.
-
Waterboxx Carton – Abril 2013.
 San Mateo de
Gállego
April 2011
3
3
PNOA 2012
Source: SITAR
FEGA 2003
Source: SITAR
2
2
1
1
 San Mateo de
Gállego
Survival difference between plots
 Difference between planting methods waterboxx???
 San Mateo de
Gállego
Problem in
placing of the
waterboxx
 San Mateo de
Gállego
 San Mateo de
Gállego
Winter 2011
Dry
PROBLEMS WITH THE PLANT?
PROBLEMAS WITH PLACEMENT OF THE
WATERBOXX?
LACK OF MAINTENANCE?
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS 1-2-3-CARDBOARD WATERBOXX
 San Mateo de
Gállego
AREAS WITH THE CARDBOARD WATERBOXX
 San Mateo de
Gállego
 San Mateo de
Gállego
 San Mateo de
Gállego
 San Mateo de
Gállego
CONCLUSIONS
-
GOOD SURVIVAL OF WATERBOOX.
-
THE WATERBOXX PROTECTS THE PLANT LOW AND HIGH
TEMPERATURES.
-
THE QUALITY OF PLANT IS VERY IMPORTANT.
-
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THE CORRECT PLACEMENT OF THE
WATERBOXX.
-
BAD PERFORMANCE OF THE CARDBOARD WATERBOXX
 Sant Boi de Llobregat
Source: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y
Medio Ambiente –Geoportal – Mapa de Cultivos y
Aprovechamientos 2000 - 2010
Pinus halepensis –
Carob/Algarrobo
(Ceratonia siliqua) –
Quercus spp.
LIFE
Source: La vanguadrá Incendio 29/07/2010
http://www.lavanguardia.com/20100729/53973981330/imagen-del-incendioforestal-en-las-proximidades-de-la-ermita-de-sant-ramon-en-viladecansxavier-gom.html
http://www.lavanguardia.com/sucesos/20100729/53973939300/los-dosincendios-forestales-en-viladecans-podrian-haber-sido-intencionados.html
Pinus halepensis –
Brush
Sant Climent de Llobregat
Sant Boi de Llobregat
Viladecans
ZONA B - Marzo 2012
ZONA A - Marzo 2011
- AREA A - March 2011.
- AREA B - March 2012.
PROBLEMS:
- Burnt area and with only a few trees
- Basic pH > 7.5 – 8. Lot of stones.
- Wild Boars have attacked the 60 % of
waterboxx for to drink in Zone B.
Sant Boi de Llobregat annual rainfall 701 mm
Source: Generalitat de Cataluña. Ruralcat
Weather station
Viladecans
Height 3m
Utmx:419544m
Utmy:4572631 m
Huso:31
Wild Boars have attacked the 60
% of waterboxx for to drink in
Zone B.
But not all trees have died
 Sant Boi de
Llobregat
Common vole – Topillo Campesino (Microtus arvalis)
Plague in Castilla y León
 Sant Boi de
Llobregat
 Sant Boi de
Llobregat
 Sant Boi de
Llobregat
ZONE B
 TOTAL alive plant with Waterboxx - 50.9%
 TOTAL dead plant with Waterboxx - 25.1%
 TOTAL missing plant - 24.0%
 TOTAL dead plant in plots test - 96.0%.
 Sant Boi de
Llobregat
CONCLUSIONS
-
-
The Waterboxx protects the plant of high and low temperatures.
-
Wild Boars have attacked the waterboxx for to drink in Zone B.
 The waterboxx with wildlife repellents.
 Valladolid
 Valladolid
Matallana annual rainfall 543 mm
 Valladolid
 Valladolid
 Valladolid
 Valladolid
 Valladolid
Crataegus monogyna - Hawthorn
Sept. 2011 Marz. 2012 Agost. 2012 Sept. 2013
Waterboxx
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
Retama sphaerocarpa - Broom
Sept. 2011 Marz. 2012 Agost. 2012 Sept. 2013
Waterboxx
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
 Valladolid
Better Grow
 Valladolid
Common vole – Topillo Campesino (Microtus arvalis)
Plague in Castilla y León
 Valladolid
CONCLUSIONS
-
-
-
Wildlife have attacked the waterboxx for to drink.
 The waterboxx with wildlife repellents.
 Riofrío de Aliste
Annual precipitations 669 mm
Riofrío de Aliste annual rainfall 669 mm
PNOA‐CYL‐NW 2011‐ 50 cm‐1‐1
Fuente: ITACYL
PNOA‐CYL‐NW 2018‐ 25 cm‐1‐2
Fuente: ITACYL
Deposit of open pit mining solid waste
Higher quality timber
Large proportion of rotten trees
First Plantation
Septiembre de 2011
Noviembre de 2011
First Plantation
First Plantation
CONCLUSIONS
-
-
-
Sand on top of Waterboxx and in siphons with weed growing
consequently
 Control by Drones
CONTROL BY DRONES
CONTROL BY DRONES
 Good
results
for
futures
maintenances,
controls
and
technicals monitoring by Drones.
 Other Research
 Temperature outside the Waterboxx
(TSE),
 Tttemperature difference between
the exterior and the interior or the
Waterboxx
container
(DIFF_TSE_TSI).
A very positive effect for the survival of plants is the thermal
inertia of the container.
 When there is high temperatures outside the waterboxx, the
difference between external and internal temperature grows.
 Hence, the temperature inside the compartment where the
plant is in the Waterboxx does not rise so abruptly, thus
protecting the plant.
 Other Research
 Temperature monitored by sensors
 Other Research
 Other Research
Growth population of algae into Waterboxx
 Other Research
Seaweed into Waterboxx
Transmittance Measurement
into waterboxx
 Other Research
Transmittance Measurement
into waterboxx
 Other Research
Light outside waterboxx
 Waterboxx container light colour
 Second cover light colour
Light inside waterboxx
 Other Research
 Waterboxx container light colour
 Second cover black colour
 Other Research
 Waterboxx container dark colour
 Second cover black colour
 Other Research
Radiación Fotosintéticamente Activa Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR).
Source: Taiz (2010)
 Other Research
 More light in the visible spectrum
transmitted into waterboxx → more
Photosynthetic Active Radiation for
photosynthesis.
 More light in the infrared spectrum
transmitted into waterboxx → more heat
reaches the water.
 Good for the population growth of algae

Resultados preliminares del proyecto Los Desiertos Verdes

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