2012 program - EWU Access Home - Eastern Washington University

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15
TH
ANNUAL
The mission of the
EWU Student Research
and Creative Works
Symposium is to
promote student
research, scholarship,
and creative activity
done in partnership
with faculty as a
vital component of
higher education.
Students, faculty,
and administrators
are invited to attend
to hear and discuss
undergraduate and
graduate creative and
scholarly work.
MAY 15–16, 2012
“A mind stretched by a new
idea can never go back to its
original dimensions.”
— Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
AMERICAN PHYSICIAN, POET AND LECTURER, 1809-1894
Eastern Washington University
15th Annual Student Research & Creative Works Symposium
Day One
Tuesday, May 15, 2012
4:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
Fine Arts Complex
4:30 p.m.
Welcome from President Rodolfo Arévalo and Dr. Lynn Briggs, dean of
the College of Arts, Letters & Education
Presenter Check-In Begins
Art Building, Lobby and Entrance
4:30 - 8:00 p.m.
Appetizers and Refreshments
Art Building, Lobby
4:30 - 9:00 p.m.
Art Exhibits
Art Building, Gallery and Lobby
5:15 - 6:15 p.m.
Music Composition Presentations
Art Building, Gallery
6:30 - 9:00 p.m.
Film with Music Presentations
Radio-Television (RTV) Building, Room 221
6:30 - 9:15 p.m.
Film Presentations
Radio-Television (RTV) Building, Room 123
6:30 – 7:50 p.m.
Creative Writing Presentations
Art Building, Gallery
6:30 – 8:40 p.m.
Theatre Presentations
University Theatre, Room 207 and 2nd Floor Studio
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15th Annual Student Research & Creative Works Symposium
Day Two
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Senior Hall
7:30 a.m.
Presenter Check-In Begins
Senior Hall Entrance
8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Information Tables: EWU Library, Graduate Studies, McNair
Scholar Program, NCUR, Service Learning, The Easterner
Senior Hall Lobby
8:00 a.m. - 12:10 p.m.
Morning Oral Presentations
Rooms 101, 106, 124, 201, 203, 204, 221, 243, 306
8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Morning Poster Presentations
2nd Floor Lounge, Rooms 302/304
Luncheon, Pence Union Building (PUB), MPR
12:00 - 1:30 p.m.
Opening Remarks from Dr. Ron Dalla, Vice Provost, Graduate
Education, Research, Academic Planning & Evaluation
Introduction by Dr. Judd Case, dean of the College of Science, Health
and Engineering
Keynote Address, “Mentoring Through Research,” by Margaret
(Peggy) O’Connell from the Department of Biology
Senior Hall
1:30 – 5:00 p.m.
Afternoon Oral Presentations
Rooms 101, 106, 124, 201, 203, 204, 221, 243, 306
1:30 - 3:00 p.m.
Afternoon Poster Presentations
2nd Floor Lounge, Rooms 302/304
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2012 Inspirational Quote
“A mind stretched by a new idea can
never go back to its original dimensions.”
--- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
The mission of the EWU Student Research and Creative Works Symposium is to promote
student research, scholarship, and creative activity done in partnership with faculty as a vital
component of higher education. This year the Symposium Planning Committee chose the abovementioned quote by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. to exemplify this mission.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. was born on August 29, 1809 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Holmes
was an American physician, poet, professor, lecturer, and author. Holmes was one of the most
popular writers in mid-nineteenth century America. His vision surrounding a variety of topics
from poetics to medicine made him a widely regarded figure among several disciplines. Holmes
attended Harvard University where he led research and advocated for medical reform.
Although sometimes a controversial figure, Holmes’ thought provoking prose influenced a
variety of conversation, creativity, and scientific research. Holmes’ lectures spanned subjects
such as "Medical Science as It Is or Has Been," "Lectures and Lecturing," and "English Poets of
the Nineteenth Century.” Holmes’ quote provides insight into how the research process and its
findings can influence one’s understanding of the world they live in.
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Symposium Sponsors
EWU Office of the Provost v Graduate Studies
Grants & Research Development
McNair Scholars Program v Spokane Teachers Credit Union
Special thanks to
President Rodolfo Arévalo v Provost Rex Fuller v Vice Provost Ron Dalla
Dr. Peggy O’Connell v Dean Lynn Briggs v Dean Judd Case v Leslie Swannack
University Graphics: Larry Conboy & Judy McMillan
MARS Lab: Lance Walker & Staff
Records & Registration: Debbie Fockler & Staff
Information Technology: Kristi Duenas, Lee Urbaniak, Matt Brown & Staff
Dining Services and Event Planning: Tom Shaffer & Staff
Transportation Services: Dennis Hays & Staff
Marketing & Communications: Teresa Conway, Dave Meany & Staff
Printing Services, Sound Production, Paint Shop
Spokane Teachers Credit Union
for their generous donation and continued support
And to all students, mentors, faculty and volunteers
who have continually worked to make the Symposium a success
♦♦♦♦
If you would like to contribute to the Symposium Foundation, envelopes
are available at the Symposium Office, located in 217B Showalter Hall.
Please make checks payable to: EWU Foundation for Student Research
& Creative Works Symposium
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Symposium Committee
The mission of the EWU Student Research and Creative Works Symposium is to promote
student research, scholarship, and creative activity done in partnership with faculty as a vital
component of higher education. Students, faculty, and administrators are invited to hear and
discuss undergraduate and graduate creative and scholarly work.
2012 Symposium Committee Members
Helen Bergland, Faculty Support & Student Learning Assessment Coordinator,
Undergraduate Studies
Larry Briggs, Associate Vice President, Enrollment Services
Kelley Cullen, Assistant Professor, Economics
Ron Dalla, Vice Provost, Graduate Education, Research, Academic Planning & Evaluation
Cynthia Dukich, Counselor/Academic Coordinator, McNair Scholars Program
Greg duMonthier, Assistant Professor, Art
Ruth Galm, Executive Director, Office of Grant & Research Development
Sara Goff, Assistant Professor, Theatre
Nikki Graham-Brown, Symposium Coordinator, Symposium Office
N.M. Awlad Hossain, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Sarah Keller, Department Chair, Professor, Anthropology
Julie Marr, Advisor/Recruiter, Graduate Studies
Maria McGrew, Symposium Assistant Coordinator, Symposium Office
Christina Torres García, Director, McNair Scholars Program
Jonathan Middleton, Professor, Music
Pete Porter, Assistant Professor, Electronic Media & Film
Peter Spurgeon, Undergraduate Student Representative
Rayette Sterling, Librarian, EWU Libraries
Leslie Swannack, Administrative Assistant, Graduate Education, Research, Academic
Planning & Evaluation
Rachel Toor, Assistant Professor, Creative Writing, Inland Northwest Center for Writers
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The TRiO Ronald E. McNair
Post-baccalaureate Achievement Programs
As one of eight federally-funded TRiO outreach and student services programs, the goal of the
TRiO Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Program is to increase the attainment of PhD
degrees by students from underrepresented segments of society.
Funded by Congress through a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, TRiO McNair
programs prepare eligible participants for successful doctoral studies by providing opportunities
for research or other scholarly activities; summer internships; seminars and other educational
activities designed for doctoral preparation; tutoring; academic counseling; and activities
designed to assist participants in securing admission to and financial assistance for doctoral
enrollment. Since 1995, eleven EWU McNair Scholars have earned doctorates, eighty-seven
have earned master’s degrees and dozens are enrolled in graduate school.
Eastern’s TRiO McNair program first received funding in 1995, with the program’s facultymentored research internship a key component to its ongoing success. Each year up to fifteen
selected McNair research interns conduct eight-week summer research projects under the
guidance of faculty in their disciplines.
Research interns must produce a scholarly research paper and present their findings at a
conference. This expectation has created an ongoing partnership between McNair and EWU’s
Symposium, which was first organized in 1997 by EWU chemistry professor Dr. Jeanne Small
(currently working with the National Science Foundation).
The 1997 Undergraduate Research and Creative Works Symposium consisted of 16 total oral
presentations (9 were McNair scholars); 12 poster presentations (4 were McNair Scholars) and
two musical performances. In 2001, McNair Director Dr. Karen McKinney (now retired) took
over coordination with the support of Dr. Ron Dalla and the help of a graduate assistant. Dr.
McKinney coordinated the event through 2005 in Monroe Hall, by which time the Symposium
had grown to 145 presenters.
The Symposium was moved to Senior Hall in 2006, and since then the event has grown to
become a marquee event on campus. This year the 15th Annual Student Research & Creative
Works Symposium will be the largest Symposium to date. Coordinated by graduate assistant
Nikki Graham-Brown under Dr. Ron Dalla in Graduate Education, Research, Academic Planning
and Evaluation, the event will include 482 presenters, among them the following McNair
Scholars, listed with their dedicated faculty research mentors.
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McNair Scholars
Esmeralda Adolf
Anthony Austin-Walker
Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
Kyra Gaines
Theresa Lynne Harkness
Angelica Hill
Nathan Lewis
Andrew Pereira
Ioannis Pikalov
Vera Pikalova
Liliya Rudneva
Ghynecee’ Temple
Benita Rachael Walker
McNair Mentors
Jonathan Anderson, Associate Professor of Psychology
Georgia Bazemore, Assistant Professor of History
Karen Carlberg, Professor of Biology
Robert Bartlett, Interim Director of Africana Studies
Jonathan Anderson, Associate Professor of Psychology
Martín Meráz-García, Assistant Professor of Chicano Studies
Mary Ann Keogh Hoss, Associate Professor of Health Service
Administration
Philip Watkins, Professor of Psychology
Wes Steiner, Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Luis Matos, Faculty of Biology
Dorothy Munson, Assistant Professor of Counseling, Educational &
Developmental Psychology
Kayleen Islam-Zwart, Professor of Psychology
Kelley Cullen, Assistant Professor of Economics
McNair prepares low-income, first-generation and/or underrepresented minority undergraduates
for success in doctoral programs by providing scholarly activities and community engagement
that empower participants to become agents of positive change in a culturally diverse world.
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Information Tables
Academic Service Learning
Faculty, students and staff will be on hand to talk about their service-learning experiences and to
offer information, resources and handouts. There will also be student artifacts, posters, books and
journals at the booth for visitors to browse through.
EWU Libraries
Come and learn how to optimize your research time. Library student employees will be available
to discuss the types of services and resources the library has to offer students. Learn how to get
research assistance from a librarian (in-person, via email or chat). Find out how you can use
RefWorks to help manage citations when writing a paper. There will also be information on
upcoming library events such as Books2Eat, Eagles Who Read to Lead and other EWU Libraries
sponsored events.
Graduate Studies
Students considering advanced study beyond the bachelor’s degree will find information about
more than 50 graduate programs offered at EWU, the application process, tuition and financial
aid, contacts and deadlines, along with applications for admission. The friendly, professional
staff members in the Graduate Studies Office are available to answer questions on the day of the
Symposium and every weekday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in 206 Showalter Hall, or by phone at
359-6297.
National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR)
NCUR, established in 1987, is the nation’s largest conference dedicated to undergraduate
research and creative activity. This year, 22 EWU students representing various disciplines
participated in the 26th annual conference at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah. An NCUR
volunteer will be available to discuss this year’s conference and provide information about the
2013 NCUR, to be held at the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse.
The Easterner
The Easterner, the student news organization at Eastern Washington University, has existed in
one form or another since 1916. Not only is it a source of student-oriented content, but it is a
platform for free speech, where students and the surrounding community can debate topics and
share in the marketplace of ideas. This student-led organization presently has about 30 people on
staff, excluding contributing writers. At The Easterner’s table, participants will find recent
issues, information about advertising, and staff that can take your story ideas and answer
questions.
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Table of Contents
Keynote Speaker ...............................................................................................................10
Tuesday, May 15th Creative Works Presentation Schedule ..........................................11
Sessions 1-6: Art Complex ............................................................... 12-15
Wednesday, May 16th Oral Presentation Schedule .......................................................16
Morning Sessions 1-12: Senior Hall ............................................... 17-25
Afternoon Sessions 13-23: Senior Hall ........................................... 26-33
Wednesday, May 16th Poster Presentation Schedule ...................................................16
Morning Sessions 1-4: Senior Hall .................................................. 34-35
Afternoon Sessions 5-6: Senior Hall ................................................ 27-29
Presenter Abstracts & Creative Works Descriptions ...................................................30-145
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Keynote Speaker
Pence Union Building (PUB), MPR v 12:00 p.m. – 1:30 p.m.
Margaret (Peggy) O’Connell, PhD
Department of Biology
Mentoring Through Research
Many of us have been fortunate to benefit from a mentor who has helped shape our educational
and professional journey. The term “mentor” has its origins in Homer’s Odyssey but has taken on
many meanings over time. In academia, the vehicle for mentorship is often through the shared
research experience. Whether it is part of a class project or a Master’s thesis, the process of
designing and executing research creates a partnership. One of the potential joys of a mentoring
relationship is that it has no formal end point because its goal is to transform a protégé into a
colleague. In this presentation, I explore the role of mentoring in undergraduate and graduate
education by telling stories about how my mentors helped shape my career, reviewing studies on
the role of research mentorship in higher education, and sharing what I have learned through
mentoring undergraduate and graduate students.
Biography
Dr. Margaret (Peggy) O’Connell’s undergraduate education at Prescott College in Arizona played an
important role in developing her approach to teaching and mentoring. The college incorporated an
honor system with a blend of academics and experiential learning. For example, her capstone class was
rafting the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon while studying the Biology, Geology, and
Anthropology of the canyon. From Prescott, she moved to Texas Tech University for her Masters in
Zoology where she conducted research on the ecology of two species kangaroo rats in the Chihuahua
Desert and discovered that she loved teaching Biology. Next a Smithsonian pre-doctoral fellowship
enabled her to spend 2 ½ years in Venezuela studying the population ecology of tropical rodents and
marsupials. After receiving her PhD from Texas Tech she worked at the National Zoo in Washington
DC for several years before moving to Washington State. She joined the Department of Biology at
EWU in 1991 where she teaches courses in vertebrate zoology, conservation biology, wildlife
management, mammalogy, and ornithology and, currently, chairs the department. She, with her
colleagues and students, has conducted numerous research projects that focus on wildlife response to
habitat conditions in the Inland Northwest. Currently they are working with Native American Tribes in
the region to restore degraded habitats and monitor vertebrate response to the habitat restoration. Dr.
O’Connell has mentored 24 Masters students whose thesis research projects have included ecology and
behavior of bats, elk use of Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, habitat selection by nesting and
overwintering cavity-nesting birds, coyote abundance along an urban to wildland gradient, facilitation
of invasive bluegill fish and bullfrogs, use of magnetoreception by pocket gophers, factors shaping
shrew community structure, and predation on bird nests under different habitat conditions.
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Creative Works Presentation Schedule
Tuesday, May 15, 2012
4:30 p.m. – 9:15 p.m.
Arts Complex
4:30 – 9:00 p.m.
Session 1: Art Exhibits*
Art Building: Gallery and Lobby
5:15 – 6:15 p.m.
Session 2: Music Composition
Art Building: Gallery
6:30 – 9:15 p.m.
Session 3: Film with Music
Radio-Television (RTV) Building: Room 221
6:30 – 9:00 p.m.
Session 4: Film
Radio-Television (RTV) Building: Room 123
6:30 – 7:50 p.m.
Session 5: Creative Writing
Art Building: Gallery
6:30 – 8:40 p.m.
Session 6: Theatre
University Theatre: 2nd Floor Studio and Stage
*Symposium Art Exhibits will remain on display in the Art Building Gallery and Lobby
throughout the day on Wednesday, May 16, 2012.
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Creative Works Session 1: Art
Art Building Gallery and Lobby, 4:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
Time
4:30
to
9:00
Artist
Title
Mentor
Lauren Thomas
Untitled
Kelsey Vance
Teresa M. Asbury
Nicholas Stewart
Eric Edvalson
Erin Mielcarek
Andrew Taylor
Erin Pallai
Matthew Preston
Robert Heagy
Megan Delzell
Untitled
Imposition
Untitled
Quiver
Untitled
Dwight Macdonald, [the lovable Boswell who annotates my
old laundry slips], drinks tea.
RustyNachtmahr
Of towers and things…
Untitled #27
An Exploration of Color Field: Form and Process
Courtney Hammond
Jamin Kuhn
Anna Fry
Chance
Anonymous Loops
Untitled
Tom Askman
Chris Tyllia
Tom Askman
Greg duMonthier
Tom Askman
Greg duMonthier
Chris Tyllia
Chris Tylia
Tom Askman
Greg duMonthier
Chris Tyllia
Greg duMonthier
Jamie Hahn
Tom Askman
Garric Simonsen
Garric Simonsen
Jamie Hahn
Creative Works Session 2: Music Composition
Art Building Gallery, 5:15 p.m. – 6:15 p.m.
Time
Composer/Performer
Title
Mentor
5:15
5:35
5:55
K. Michael Fox
Davis Hill
Michael Gerety, Composer
Alek Gayton, Colin Menning, Jordan
Gilman, Davis Hill, Performers
Post-Vitonian Impressions
Sundance
Caught in a Storm
Jonathan Middleton
Jonathan Middleton
Jonathan Middleton
Don Goodwin
12
Creative Works Session 3: Film with Music
RTV Building, Room 221, 6:30 p.m. – 9:15 p.m.
Time
6:30
6:45
7:00
7:15
7:30
7:45
8:00
8:15
8:30
8:45
9:00
Composer/Filmmaker
Chandler Johnson, Composer
PJ Hanson, Filmmaker
K. Michael Fox, Composer
Kaylee Hardin, Filmmaker
Davis Hill, Composer
Ben Johnson, Filmmaker
Henry McNulty, Composer
Logan Stoodley, Filmmaker
Mark Morrison, Composer
Krystal Alexander, Filmmaker
Title
Corners
Mentor
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Apologies
Don’t Be Late
Blind
Animal Jackers
Break
Matt Peters, Composer
Jake Moe, Filmmaker
Ty Pfundheller, Michael Gerety,
Co-Composers
Cierra Castleberry, Filmmaker
Yasas Amarasinghe, Composer
Colin Boley, Filmmaker
Tyler Dines, K. Michael Fox,
Co-Composers
Shay Smith, Filmmaker
James Olson, Filmmaker
Listen Through Me
Red Solo Cup
The Unspoken Envelope
Black & Blue
Long Play
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
Jonathan Middleton
Sarah Lee Monroe
13
Creative Works Session 4: Film
RTV Building, Room 123, 6:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
Time
6:30
6:50
7:10
7:30
7:50
8:05
8:30
Filmmaker
Title
Douglas Ault
Keegan McClung
Dave Kotlan
Seth Mead
It Sustains Me
The Beedles
Hot to Kill an Alias
The Mirage
Dave Kotlan
Dave Kotlan, Seth Mead
Daniel/Saint Daniel
TOAST
Mentor
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Break
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Creative Works Session 5: Creative Writing
Art Building Gallery, 6:30 p.m. – 7:50 p.m.
Time
Author
6:30
6:50
7:10
Briana Lummus-Ekborg
Rachel Hartley-Smith
Amanda Maule
7:30
Bergen McCurdy
Title
“Cotton Song”
Creative Nonfiction
Humor of Redefinition: Hybridizing Creative Nonfiction and
Standup Comedy
The Frostblaukugel of Himmelsward—A Reading
Mentor
Judy Logan
Natalie Kusz
Natalie Kusz
LaVona Reeves
14
Creative Works Session 6: Theatre
University Theatre, 2nd Floor Studio and Stage, 6:30 p.m. – 8:40 p.m.
Time
2nd
Floor
Studio
6:30
to
7:30
7:30
Theatre
7:40
to
8:40
Actor/ Designer/Author
Chelsey Miles
Paden Vance
Title
A Monologue from William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer
Night’s Dream
Acting: The Profession—Monologue Package
Mentor
Audition Package from Theatre 412 (Acting: The Profession)
Sara Goff
Jeffrey Saunders
Sara Goff
Jeffrey Saunders
Sara Goff
Jeffrey Saunders
Jeffrey Saunders
Proof Scene
Welcome Home: A Devised Theatre Project
Sara Goff
Sara Goff
Thrill Me: The Leopold and Loeb Story, Scene 1
Sara Goff
Jeffrey Saunders
Jeffrey Saunders
Justin Schlabach,
Christopher Rounsville
Justin Schlabach,
Christopher Rounsville
Ross McCrorie, Lexi Hoffpauir
Rebecca Spining, Melissa Gren, Joel
Chiswell, Elizabeth Carlson, Cody
Bray, Bryn Butler
Justin Schlabach, Blaine Nicholls,
Cody Bray
Stacia Bruner, Alexandra Rannow,
Aaron Taylor, Joshua Taylor,
Marlee Andrews, Lexi Hoffpauir,
Kyle Kahklen, Jordan Wood
Irene Ryan Scenes for the American College Theatre Festival
Coby Woodruff, Teko Dumolin,
Frankie Breland, Seth Becker, Joel
Zepeda, Justin Schlabach, Set
Construction
Set and Costume Viewing from the Spring Quarter Production
In the Next Room or The Vibrator Play
“You Can’t Stop the Beat”—Hairspray
Break
Julisa Aguilar, Brenda Aguilar,
Janet Martinez, Chelsey Miles,
Adrianne Wilson, Rebecca Spining,
Costume Construction
Shana Joslyn
(Faculty)
Set/Lighting Design,
Jessica Ray (Theatre
Staff) Costume
Design
15
Oral & Poster Research Presentation
Schedule
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Senior Hall
8:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Morning Oral Sessions: 1-12
(Rooms 101, 106, 124, 201, 203, 204, 221, 243, 306)
8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.
Morning Poster Sessions: 1-2
(2nd Floor Lounge, Room 302/304)
10:15 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Morning Poster Session: 3-4
1:30 – 5:00 p.m.
Afternoon Oral Sessions: 13-23
(Rooms 101, 106, 124, 201, 203, 204, 221, 243, 306)
1:30 - 3:00 p.m.
Afternoon Poster Sessions: 5-6
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Oral Session 1: Psychology I
Room 101, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
8:00
8:20
8:40
9:00
Theresa Harkness
Esmeralda Adolf
Shanna Bartholomew
Elaine Appleby
9:20
9:40
Rebecca Arens
Chelsea Joynes
10:00
10:20
Andrew Pereira
10:40
Nicole Sestrap, Shannon Shiells
11:00
Jay Mattson, Anna Maryott,
Richard Turner
Jason McAllister
Juline Girts
11:20
11:40
Title
Mentor
The Effect Attention Deficits Have on Time Estimation
The Impact of Age on Time Estimation
The Effects of Mindfulness on Risk Perception in College Females
Stay Off the Grass! Deontic Norms and Conditional Adherence of
Defined Paths
Surviving Endometriosis
The Effects of Discrimination on Trait Reactance: A Study from the
Thesis of Nathaniel S. Wareham
Break
Gratitude Toward God: An Exploration of Religiosity, Gratitude and
Happiness
Are Individuals More Positively Biased Toward Themselves or Their
Relationship Partners?
Digit Span and Academia
Jonathan Anderson
Jonathan Anderson
Kayleen Islam-Zwart
Lori Miller
Cultural Views and Death
Health and Self-Perception
Theresa Martin
Theresa Martin
Philip Watkins
Amani El-Alayli
Philip Watkins
Amani El-Alayli
Theresa Martin
17
Oral Session 2: Education (interactive)
Room 124, 8:00 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.
Time
8:00
to
9:45
Author
Title
Danica Wick, Stacey Baker, Beth Bauer,
Christina Jordan
Shannon Murphy, Rachel St. Amand
Stacia Gross, Laci Sweetland, Samantha
Holtsclaw, Mark Huyler, Patricia Atrill
Dustie Beierle, Kathleen Puhlman, Courtney
Bryant
Shawna Brady, Corissa Blix, Racheal
Ryser, Rachel Binger, Jamie Lawrence
Tyler Colean, Johnell Agee, Lisia Stuart,
Daniel Garza, Derek Funk
Mentor
Llama Manure
Rodger Hauge
Wind Machine Blade Length
Solar Cooking—Utilizing the Sun
Rodger Hauge
Rodger Hauge
Solar Panel Efficiencies
Rodger Hauge
Solar Race Cars
Rodger Hauge
Wind Generator Blade Design
Rodger Hauge
Oral Session 3: Computer Science and
Engineering & Design (interactive)
Room 124, 10:15 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
10:15
Author
Joseph Pallaria III
Nick Hillstrom, Nick Lefave
Victor Colton, John Smith
CJ Grijalva, Saleh Tafesh, Ranzel Negrillo
to
12:00
Brandt Porter, Jared Schiff, Paul Brockman,
Caleb Mazzola, Kyle Murray
Frederick Rollins, Tonya Gaddy, Joseph
Cluever, Daryl Smith, Cody Gary
Title
Mentor
3D Character Animation and Design
3D Campus Tour
Asteroids Game
The Design and Manufacturing Process of a Paper Bike in
the HPPV Competition
The Beer Bottling Robot
Brian Kamp
Brian Kamp
Kosuke Imamura
Awlad Hossain, Martin
Weiser
Donald Richter
Human Powered Paper Vehicle—by The Recyclers
Martin Weiser, Awlad
Hossain
18
Oral Session 4: Fine Arts
Room 106, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
8:00
8:20
8:40
9:00
9:20
9:40
10:00
10:20
10:40
11:00
11:20
11:40
Author
Bridget Freeman Wamsley
Kun-Wen Chen
Sage Bilderback
Douglas Ault
Britta Moran
John Rogers
Title
Is Renaissance Faire? Game Show
Traditional and Contemporary Music of Taiwan
Heisenberg and Breaking Bad
The Elements of Breaking Bad; Giving the Credits Some Credit
I Am a Blowfish
Ideology in A History of Violence
Break
Christopher Neir
Wall-E: A Tale of Love That Transcends Manufacturing
Joseph Stageberg
The Historical Significance of F.W. Murnau’s Sunrise (1927)
Mao Ogura
Tea Ceremony, One of the Three Traditional Japanese Arts
Saki Murakami
The Kimono in Modern Japan—Customs and Symbolic Meanings
Erica Enciso-Castillo, Ivan Martinez, Esperano El Santo: What Happened to El Plan De Santa Barbara
Jackie Vaughn, Martina Hernandez
Mentor
Barbara Miller
LaVona Reeves
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Tom Mullin
Pete Porter
Pete Porter
Pete Porter
LaVona Reeves
LaVona Reeves
Jerry Garcia
19
Oral Session 5: Anthropology
Room 201, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
8:00
8:20
8:40
9:00
9:20
Hiroko Abe
Ahmed Alneel, Fahad Alotaibi
Anne Parsons
Noah Baker
Ashely McSpadden
9:40
10:00
10:20
Ali Alghumlas
10:40
11:00
11:20
11:40
Cory Davis
Grace Cooper
Michael Walstrom
Heather Molvik
Brina Smith
Title
The History of the Kimono in Japan
Historical Mosques in Saudi Arabia
Susto from a Medical Anthropological Perspective
Joseph Stalin’s Famine
Post-Socialist Mongolia: Examining Socioeconomic Disparity in an
Emerging Democracy
Tribal Influence on Family Life in Saudi Arabia
Break
Misperceptions Between Street Kids and Business Owners/Managers
in Downtown Spokane, Washington
From Dig to Display: Archaeology as Context and Exhibition
A Sociolinguist Perspective on Spanglish
The Social Evolution of Hindustani Art Music
A Methodological Problem in the Study of the Evolution of
Language: The Question of the Loss of Laryngeal Air Sacs and
Humanoid Vocal Anatomy
Mentor
LaVona Reeves
LaVona Reeves
Jerry Galm
Jerry Galm
Tom Hawley,
Michael Zukosky
LaVona Reeves
Sarah Keller
Michael Zukosky
Michael Zukosky
Michael Zukosky
Michael Zukosky
20
Oral Session 6: Philosophy
Room 203, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
Title
8:00
8:20
Frankie Viner
Kadija Sesay
Women, Power, and the Cautionary Tale of the Zombie Stripper
The Supposed Other: The Orientalization of Women of Color
8:40
9:00
9:20
Nita Rektor
Hannah Heilman
David Collins
Being-in-the-World
Fight Club and Zen Philosophy
Towards a Rethinking of the Occupy Movement
9:40
10:00
10:20
Christofer Koch
Christina Bowman
Analytic Statements: A Response to Quine
Break
(Hume)an Identity: The Passionate Meme
10:40
11:00
11:20
Larkin Mullin
Nicholas Ettel
Jason Dietzel
Ancient Egypt and Free Will
The Condemnation of Freedom and the Exit Out
The Benefits of Death
11:40
Abdullah Alsalim, Rakan Aljehni
Reflections on Ramadan and Eid
Mentor
Mimi Marinucci
Kevin Decker,
Mimi Marinucci
Kevin Decker
Christopher Kirby
Mimi Marinucci,
Christopher Kirby
Mimi Marinucci
Kevin Decker,
Mimi Marinucci
David Weise
Kevin Decker
Kevin Decker,
Mimi Marinucci
LaVona Reeves
Oral Session 7: Chemistry and Biochemistry I
Room 204, 8:00 a.m. – 9:20 a.m.
Time
Author
8:00
Ioannis Pikalov
8:20
Kim James
8:40
9:00
Ashley Hughes
Donovan Adpressa
Title
Development of a Novel LC/MS/MS Extraction Assay for Galanthamine in Guinea
Pig Plasma and Its Application to Nerve Agent Countermeasures
Discovery That Bioterrorism Pathogen Agent Rickettsia prowazekii Lacks Key
Enzymes in the Non-Canonical Purine Repair Pathway
Smoking Cessation: Saving Lives One CYP2A6 at a Time
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Efficacy of N-Alkylbis(3-acetamidopropyl)-Nalkylammonium Halides
Mentor
Wes Steiner
Nicholas Burgis
Travis Denton
Travis Denton
21
Oral Session 8: Biology
Room 204, 9:40 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
9:40
Aaron Stroud
10:00
Michael Vaughan
10:20
Dustin Cousins
10:40
11:00
Sarah Stankavich
Abrar Sindi
11:20
11:40
Adam Gebauer
Kristin Anicito
Title
The Use of Diagnostic Bones to Identify Bull Trout (Salvelinus
confluentus) in Piscivore Diets
The Difference in Length Between Right and Left Side Head Bones
in Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Creation of a Bull Trout
Bone Key
The Underground Movement: Sensory Modalities Utilized in
Foraging and Navigation by Pocket Gophers
Factors Affecting Foraging Activity of Bats over Wetlands
Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on Blood Pressure and the Renin
Aldosterone System in Rats
Ecohydrology of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
An Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management Approach to
Prairie Restoration on Mima Mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife
Refuge
Mentor
Allan Scholz
Allan Scholz
Margaret O’Connell
Margaret O’Connell
Karen Carlberg
Rebecca Brown
Rebecca Brown
22
Oral Session 9: English I
Room 221, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
8:00
8:20
Summer Hess
Morgan Garratt
8:40
9:00
9:20
9:40
Christina Bowman
Heather Freeman
Eric Iliff
Shannon Mauldin
10:00
10:20
10:40
11:00
11:20
11:40
Janice Wright
Casey Martin
Krista Sweeney
Jacqueline Smithley
Kurt Olson
Title
Atacama Dreams: My Year as a Fulbright Scholar in Northern Chile
Adaptive Narrations: The Conversion of Classic Literature to
Graphic Novel
Tradition, Literature and Ecofeminism
The Over-Sexualization of Women in Comic Books
Monsters, Margins, Deformity and the Self
Hero, Traitor, Siren: Myth Archetypes in Shakespeare’s Troilus and
Cressida
Break
Withheld Love in “Hills Like White Elephants”
Hemingway’s Ladies
Complexity of “Saint Marie” Lazarre
Nature Imagery and Characterization in a Steinbeck Story
“General William Booth Enters into Heaven” and the Re-envisioning
of Poetic Style Through “Are You Washed in the Blood”
Mentor
Natalie Kusz
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
Paul Lindholdt
23
Oral Session 10: Engineering & Design
Room 243, 8:00 a.m. – 10:20 a.m.
Time
Author
8:00
8:20
Joseph Cluever
Saleh Tafesh
8:40
9:00
9:20
9:40
10:00
Joseph Cluever, Cody Gary
Shaun Kimm
Vadim Derkachev
Jessica Korgel
John Milton, Tomas Armenta
Title
Finite Element Analysis of Orthotropic Materials
Understanding the Concept of Shear Locking for Proper Bending and
Fatigue Analysis of a Cantilever Beam with Applications to Wind
Turbine Blades
Testing Rocket Propellant Mixtures
Finite Element Analysis of Railroad Components
Thermal Analysis of a Halogen Light Fixture
Orthopedic Plates and Bone Screws
Optimization of a Modular High Speed Motion Tracking Pneumatic
Robotic System
Mentor
Awlad Hossain
Awlad Hossain
Martin Weiser
Awlad Hossain
Awlad Hossain
Awlad Hossain
Awlad Hossain,
Martin Weiser
Oral Session 11: English II
Room 243, 10:40 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
10:40
Courtney Harler
11:00
Kirsten Dresker
11:20
Christopher Grim
11:40
Brady Peneton
Title
The Lactation of Saint Bernard in Art and Literature: “Show Thyself
a Mother”
A Truly Loathly Lady
New Criticism Explication of the Double-Entendre Poems in the
Exeter Book Riddles
Kempe and Kundalini: Literature, Spirituality and Psychology
Mentor
Logan Greene
Logan Greene,
Beth Torgerson
Logan Greene
Logan Greene
24
Oral Session 12: History
Room 306, 8:40 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Time
Author
8:40
9:00
Jessica Schwartz
Heather Frady
9:20
9:40
10:00
Hussain Alahmad
Tanya Bailey
10:20
10:40
Monica Stenzel
11:00
Yuma Ujihara
11:20
Elizabeth McNutt
11:40
Ian Reeves
Title
Hatshepsut: The Woman Who Became Pharaoh
Male-Male, Same-Sex Relationships in Ancient Greek Socio-Military
Culture
A Market for Bodies: Slave Markets in the Ancient Greco-Roman
World and the Sale of Human Merchandise
Sunni and Shiite Muslims in History and Modern Day Persian Gulf
Quixotic Queen, Rebellious Reformer or Home Wrecking Hussy:
Anne Boleyn’s Influence on King and Christianity in Tudor England
Break
Witches’ Black Sabbaths and Other Perversions of the Sacraments in
Early Modern Britain
Kendo—The Way of the Sword—Builds Respect, Responsibility and
Discipline
The Earthquake That Reformed Japan: The 1923 Great Kanto
Earthquake
Disaster: Lessons from the Past for Disaster Recovery in the Present
Mentor
Laura Phillips
Dana Elder,
Mimi Marinucci
Georgia Bazemore
LaVona Reeves
Bill Youngs
Ann Le Bar
LaVona Reeves
Bill Youngs
Patricia Chantrill
25
Oral Session 13: Psychology III
Room 101, 1:30 p.m. – 3:40 p.m.
Time
1:30
1:50
2:10
2:30
2:40
3:00
3:20
Author
Title
Matthew Johansen, Ty Finkas
What Was Your Name Again?: Are Muslims Treated Differently
When Seeking Housing?
Jason McAllister, Douglas Emerson Relationships Between Government Moral Issues, Politics and Gender
Tasia Duske
Drunk and Hot Chick: The Effects of Stereotype-Confirming Priming
on Prejudiced Opinions Towards Social Sorority and Fraternity
Members
Break
Cathleen Dunlap, Blaine Bart
Intent to Cohabitate: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Stefan McNamara, Adriana
Perceptions and Personality Correlates of Attitudes Towards Friends
Sanchez, Alicia Schimanski
with Benefits Relationships
Koby Binks
Friends with Benefits: The Beginnings, Rules and Ends
Mentor
Amani El-Alayli
Mahlon Dalley
Theresa Martin
Theresa Martin
Theresa Martin
Theresa Martin
Oral Session 14: Music and Journalism (interactive/video)
Room 124, 1:30 p.m. – 3:40 p.m.
Time
Author
Davis Hill
K. Michael Fox
1:30
to
3:40
Joel Gorman
Brendan Graham, David Grimes,
Ben Adams, Joshua Metcalf, Greg
Hayward
Aaron Malmoe
Al Stover
Title
Mentor
Original Electroacoustic/Software Instrument: Agrippa
Instrument Design and Modeling Within Audio Programming
Environments
Slinky-Vibes
Algorithmic Composition
Jonathan Middleton
Jonathan Middleton
Capturing Light and Action: A Showcase of Sports Journalism
Photography
A New Way of Telling Stories
Jamie Neely
Jonathan Middleton
Jonathan Middleton,
Steve Simmons
Jamie Neely
26
Oral Session 15: Urban and Regional Planning,
Health Services Administration
Room 106, 1:30 p.m. – 4:40 p.m.
Time
Author
1:30
Matthew Parsons, William Sinclair
1:50
Patrick Anderson, Julianne Nilsen
2:10
2:30
Aaron Qualls, Bryan Esmeralda,
Kate Cornwall, Jasmine Maxey
Michelle Swanson
2:50
Kelsey Crane, Nathan Calene
3:10
3:20
Benjamin Braudrick
3:40
4:00
4:20
Title
Delimiting Spokane’s Central Business District: An Urban Field
Research Study, Part I
Research Study, Part II
Research Study, Part III
Infrastructure and the Gender Gap in Bicycling: A Comparison
Between Seattle, Spokane, Portland and Minneapolis
EWU Sustainability Project: Collaborative Roots Permaculture
Break
The Failure of Federal Policy on Pacific Northwest Forests: The
Plight of the 21st Century Timber Dependent Community
Aline Uwonkunda
Vegetation Cover Change Detection in the Nile River Basin by Using
MODIS NDVI
Nathan Lewis
Analysis of Water Quality and Sanitation in Peru
Lynne Reeder, Molly Yin, April May A Study of the CIA Clinic Security Guidelines
Mentor
Dick Winchell
Dick Winchell
Dick Winchell
Bill Kelley
Fred Hurand
Laurie Morley,
Robin O’Quinn
Dick Winchell,
Fred Hurand
Dick Winchell,
Gregg Dohrn
Mary Ann Keough Hoss
Atsushi Inoue
27
Oral Session 16: Computer Science
Room 201, 1:30 p.m. – 3:10 p.m.
Time
1:30
1:50
2:10
2:30
2:50
Author
John Smith, Sam SmithReams, Ian
Zieg, Jayme Gibson
Conor McMillan, Britt Yazel
Brian Zier
Andrew Canfield, Jordan Thompson,
Kylie Martinok
Sijie Chris Xia
Title
Mentor
My Dog Media
Tom Capaul
An Overview of Open-Source Technology
SSVEP-Based BCI Demo Using Emotiv EPOC EEG Headset
Surviving the Modern Internet
Lance Walker
Paul Schimpf
Carol Taylor
Social Engineering and Cyber Security
LaVona Reeves
Oral Session 17: Communication Studies
Room 201, 3:20 p.m. – 4:20 p.m.
Time
3:20
3:40
4:00
Author
Jordan Apfelbaum
Daniel Roemer
Melissa Doty
Title
Mentor
Narrative Criticism of Stephen Colbert’s Super PAC Satire
Patricia Chantrill
Rhetoric of the Disaster Genre
Patricia Chantrill
Vulnerable Among the Vulnerable: Disaster Relief Through the Lens Heather Robinson
of the Famine
28
Oral Session 18: Government and International Affairs
Room 203, 1:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Time
Author
Title
1:30
1:50
2:10
E.B. Vodde
Kylie Hannas
Alexander Clardy
Sophistry—The Heart of Nietzsche’s Chorus
Nietzsche and Wagner: Through the Lens of Strength
On Believing in Belief
2:30
Ryne Rohla
2:50
3:10
3:20
3:40
Austin Schlief
4:00
4:20
Michael Hanson
Michael Watts
4:40
Reika Horio
Modeling the Caucus Effect at the County Level: Jesse Jackson and
South Carolina in the 1988 Presidential Primaries
Globalizations and The State
Break
Banning Barbie: A Political Paradox
Refugees, Migration, and Security: An Overview of the Migration of
Afghan Refugees and Its Reception in the United States and Pakistan
Counterinsurgency Considerations
The Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995: Kobe, Japan: A Look at How
Japanese Culture Influenced Governmental Response and Relief
Tohoku Tsunami Victims One Year After: Feeling Forgotten, But
Appreciative
Joseph Coffee
Ashley Podplesky
Mentor
Thomas Hawley
Thomas Hawley
Thomas Hawley
Kevin Pirch
Kevin Pirch
Majid Sharifi
Majid Sharifi
Majid Sharifi
Majid Sharifi
Patricia Chantrill
LaVona Reeves
29
Oral Session 19: Physical Education, Health and Recreation
Room 204, 1:30 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.
Time
Author
1:30
Jessica Stimmel
1:50
Caitlyn Jordan
2:10
Heather Sevier, Elizabeth Reinstien
Yoshi Tsumekawa, Jennifer Dawson,
Katelyn Hill, Hiro Mikami
Title
The Effects of Acute Fatigue on Bilateral Symmetry of Muscle
Activation Onset During a Landing Task
A 10-Week Mental Fitness Skills Training Program to Enhance
Psychological Resilience and Academic Achievement Among First
Generation College Students
Athletic Training Around the World
Mentor
Jeni McNeal
Jon Hammermeister,
Lawrence Briggs
Garth Babcock
Oral Session 20: Chemistry and Biochemistry II
Room 204, 2:40 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Time
Author
Title
3:20
Candice Ireland, Nicole Ecklund,
Joey Bell
Marina Defrates, Nicole Hamlin,
Kelly Ann Cameron, Austen Frostad
Amanda Stewart
3:40
Hailey Markam-Patti, Keara Rypien
4:00
Tyler Dennis, Nicole Hamlin, Corey
Horn
Taylor Duncan
SNP Analysis of Baseline Allele Frequency of Cytochrome b and
ATP 6 Within Ancient Bison bison
SNP Analysis of Intra-herd and Inter-herd Genetic Diversity of
Ancient Bison bison
Extraction Efficiency Analysis of a Common DNA Extraction
Protocol When Applied to Apis melifera Mid-gut Tissue and
Bacterial Consortia
Quantification and Analysis of Apis melifera Mid-gut Bacterial DNA
and the Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Population Density
An Analysis of Human Alu Insertion Frequencies Using Alu Specific
PCR and Hardy-Weinberg Analysis
An Analysis of Adaptive SNP Frequency Within ATP 6 Mule Deer
Populations in Washington State
SNP Analysis of Cytochrome b for the Analysis of Genetic Diversity
Within Odocoileus hemionus Herds Within Washington State
2:40
3:00
4:20
4:40
Kyle Thomas, Chelsea Bennett,
Kienan Loe
Mentor
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
Randy James,
Steve Fisk
30
Oral Session 21: English III
Room 221, 1:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Time
Author
1:30
Amanda Maule
1:50
Andrew Seymore
2:10
Christopher Stuck
2:30
2:50
Jaimie Kenney
Melissa Van De Wege
3:10
3:20
3:40
4:00
Yifan Hou
Jordan Lemmon
Daniel Williamson
4:20
April Ridgeway
4:40
Amy Meyer, Grant Stancliff
Title
Aristotle’s Humor Is Not Superior, but Incongruous: Putting Both
Gloves on for Double the Punch Line
Irene versus Aspasia: Competing World Views in Samuel Johnson’s
Irene
The Inevitability of Satan: Choice, Reason, and Free Will in John
Milton’s Paradise Lost
Anna Rosmus and the Memorial Culture of Passau
Arabic and English Rhetoric: An Analysis and Comparison of Taxis,
Voice and Poetic Expression
Break
Tang Dynasty Poetry in the Golden Age
The Growing Dead: How Zombies Went Viral
Raison d’Être: What English Instruction Should Universities Provide
to an Ever-Diversifying Student Body?
Code-Meshing Pedagogy: A Rhetorical Focus
Mentor
Dana Elder
Matthew Binney
Matthew Binney
Jody Stewart-Strobelt
Tracey McHenry
LaVona Reeves
Polly Buckingham
Justin Young
Molly Johnson,
Justin Young
Transitioning Journalism to an Online Medium: How the Easterner Is Jamie Neely
Developing Students into New Media Specialists
31
Oral Session 22: Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy
Room 243, 1:30 p.m. – 4:20 p.m.
Time
1:30
1:50
2:10
2:30
2:50
3:10
3:20
3:40
4:00
Author
Kevin Wright, Jonathan Braun
Title
Effectiveness of Kneepads with Built-in Seat on Contact Pressure and
Muscle Activity
Sam Herman
Instruction in Proper Lifting Technique: Squat v. Stoop Lifting
Allison Greenberg
Perceptions of Exercise, Health, and Quality of Life in Patients with
Poor Functional Outcomes During the First Year After Coronary
Artery Bypass Surgery
Danielle Slaughter
Risk Factors Associated with Sternal Complications in Patients
Following Open Heart Surgery and Implications for Activity
Precautions
Elena Skornyakov
Difference in Balance Performance Between Older Adults with and
without a History of Falls
Break
Andrew Hay, Doug Gulbranson
Correlating Neurologic Function to School Performance in Students
at RiverCity Leadership Academy
Robin Rowland, Kelsey Vanderhoof, Animal-Assisted Therapy with Children in Grief: Implications for
Taci VanLeuven, Kelsie Kilpatrick, Occupational Therapy
Jennifer Williams, Alyse Kolstad
Allie Jost, Darwin Bell, Ian Boyle,
The Role of an Occupational Therapy Level II Fieldwork Student
Janelle Wilkinson, Diane Levad
Within Spokane Mental Health Services’ Program for Assertive
Community Treatment (PACT)
Mentor
Dan Anton
Dan Anton
Tanya LaPier
Tanya LaPier,
Megan Chatellier
Kimberly Cleary
Donna Mann
Elizabeth Kohler,
Diane Norell
Diane Norell
32
Oral Session 23: Sociology, Economics and Women’s Studies
Room 306, 1:30 p.m. – 4:40 p.m.
Time
Author
1:30
1:50
2:10
Lakeisha Jones
Paul Weber, Quinton Brooks
Benjamin Gallion
2:30
2:50
3:00
Benita Walker
3:20
Angelica Hill
3:40
BinBin Ya
4:00
4:20
Sara Alabdi
Kali Green
Kyra Gaines
Title
Juvenile Recidivism
The EWU K-9 Building Search Study
Lebanese and Anglo-Australian Race Relations in Sydney: A
Discourse
Gendercide in India
Break
Run Sista’ Run: Black Women in Track & Field 1948-1999
Interpreting the Message: Portrayals of Victims in Ciudad Juarez
Femicide
Women’s Status in China—The Past and Present
The Education of Saudi Women: A Cross-Generational Analysis
Subjugated Knowledge and the Journey of the Outsider Within: An
Indian Women’s Resistance
Mentor
Kerryn Bell
Kerryn Bell
Pui-Yan Lam
Kelley Cullen
Robert Bartlett,
Christina Torres García
Martín Meráz-García
LaVona Reeves,
Yang Li
LaVona Reeves
Mimi Marinucci
33
nd
Poster Sessions
2 Floor Lounge and Rooms 302/304
Sessions 1 & 2: 8:00 a.m. - 9:45 a.m.
Sessions 3 & 4: 10:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Sessions 5 & 6: 1:30 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Presenters will be available to discuss their posters during each session
Session 1: 2nd Floor Lounge, 8:00 a.m. - 9:45 a.m.
Poster #
Presenter
1. Geology
2. Geology
3. Geology
4. Geology
Marshall Peone
Simon Doi
John Thurston
Cody Crim
5. Geology
Hannah Campbell
6. Geology
7. Geology
8. Geology
Daniel Albrecht
Ian Leavy
Michael Landkammer,
Ian Leavy
Hannah Campbell,
Jamie Gardipe
Kassandra Lindsey
Mindy Widell
Nick Dean
9. Geology
10. Geology
11. Geology
12. CED
Psychology
13. CED
Lan Tran
Psychology
14. CED
Psychology
Holly-Ann Musgrave,
Jessica Kauffman,
Victoria Borgman
Title
Mentor
The Columbia River
The World’s Most Productive Desert
Cheney Fracture Zone Correlated to Regional Structures
Large Landslide Discovered Using Stratigraphy of the Columbia River
Basalts, Deep Creek, Riverside State Park, Spokane, Washington
U-Pb Ages of Plutons near Long Lake Dam and Little Falls Dam, Lake
Spokane, Washington
Elemental Analysis of EWU Drinking Water
Arsenic Content of the Latah Formation and Its Effect on Local Groundwater
Toxic Elements in Children’s Toys
Richard Orndorff
Richard Orndorff
Chad Pritchard
Linda McCollum,
Chad Pritchard
Chad Pritchard
Metal Occurrence and Basic Nutrition in Dog Food
Carmen Nezat
Climate Controls in Dendrochronology of Ponderosa Pines
Effects of Climate on Texas Wildfires
Giving Back! An Evaluation of Students’ Willingness to Support an Increase
in Their Transportation Fee
Cumulative Record of Student Exam Attempts in a Mastery Based University
Course
Teaching Self-Management Skills in the Prevention or Management of Risky
Behaviors
Richard Orndorff
Richard Orndorff
Ryan Sain
Carmen Nezat
Carmen Nezat
Carmen Nezat
Ryan Sain
Charalambos
Cleanthous
34
15. CED
Liliya Rudneva
Psychology
16. Children’s
Studies
17. Occupational
Therapy
Impact of a Girl’s Relationship with Her Father During Her Childhood on
Her Choice of Intimate Partners in Her Adult Life
Spokane Youth Services: How Engagement Fosters Success
Lateasha Lewis, Trevor
Liebing
Kelly Baker, Jennifer
Measurement of Engagement in Children
Vigil-Bingman, Noranna
Dixon, Carrie Brewster,
Erin Beyer
Dorothy Munson
Sue Wright
Donna Mann
Session 2: Rooms 302/304, 8:00 a.m. - 9:45 a.m.
Poster #
Presenter
Title
Mentor
18. Technical
Codie Deyo
Information Design Affects the Functionality of a Document
Molly Johnson
Communication
19. Technical
Communication
Carrie Tompkins
Molly Johnson
20. Technical
Karhonkwison Logan
Budget Restrictions and Reductions: Save Money and Go Green with
Innovative Printing Solutions
Clarity Requires Visual Cues
Amanda Erickson
Typefaces Have Personalities Too
Molly Johnson
Kimberly Lawrence
Writers’ Center Service Learning Project
Molly Johnson
Catherine Mair
Service Learning with EWU’s Writers’ Center and What I Learned
Molly Johnson
Dylan Coil
RefWorks Service Learning
Molly Johnson
Laurie Bowman
Document Design with Get Lit! at EWU
Molly Johnson
Nathan Morales
Get Lit!
Molly Johnson
Julia Zurcher
Instructions and Procedures for the EWU Transfer Guide
Molly Johnson
Carl Schmidt
Camcorder Manuals
Molly Johnson
Ryan Magryta
Spokane Clean Air Internship
Molly Johnson
Amber O’Connor
What’s in a Name? Peaceful Valley Community Center
Molly Johnson
Communication
21. Technical
Communication
22. Technical
Communication
23. Technical
Communication
24. Technical
Communication
25. Technical
Communication
26. Technical
Communication
27. Technical
Communication
28. Technical
Communication
29. Technical
Communication
30. Technical
Communication
Molly Johnson
35
31. Technical
Communication
32. Technical
Communication
33. Technical
Communication
34. Technical
Communication
35. Technical
Communication
36. Technical
Andrew D’Ewart
Service Learning—Experience That Makes a Difference
Molly Johnson
Kayla Newton
Inspiring the Future: A Proposal to Build and Supply
Molly Johnson
Nick Spanjer
Building Hope: A Proposal for Vocational Education
Molly Johnson
Jessica Shipp
American Red Cross Grant
Molly Johnson
Jill Herrera
Service in Action: Great Shape! Inc., the Bob Marley Foundation, and
English 407
Inland Northwest Land Trust Grant of 2011
Molly Johnson
Mary Klements
Molly Johnson
Communication
Session 3: 2nd Floor Lounge, 10:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Poster #
Presenter
Title
37. Physical
Robert Cimball
Icon of Two Sides: The Duality of Muhammad Ali
Education Health and
Recreation
38. Physical
Recreation
39. Physical
Recreation
40. Physical
Recreation
41. Physical
Recreation
Annika Vyakhk, Charles Comparison of Tester Experience When Measuring Percent Body Fat Using
Monson, Ken Dragoo
Skinfolds in College-Aged Adults
Wendy Repovich
Tyler Mattair, Ryan
Maynes, Ken Dragoo
Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound in College-Aged Adults
Wendy Repovich
Ken Dragoo
Effects of Caffeine on VO2 and VCO2 Kinetics During Supramaximal
Cycling in College-Aged Adults
Wendy Repovich
Breann Booher, Kent
Wilcox, Shawna
Crosley, Jake Howell
42. Physical
Robert Leach, Patrick
Education Health and Meisenheimer, Andrew
Recreation
Downing, Katelyn Hill,
Josh Aarnes
43. Physical
Melani Kelly, Sayaka
Education Health and Yasui, Virginia Roth
Recreation
Mentor
Chadron Hazelbaker
A 20-Year-Old Male Collegiate Football Player with a Fibular Fracture and a Garth Babcock
Grade III Syndesmotic Sprain
21-Year-Old Male Basketball Player with a Jones Fracture
Garth Babcock
An 18-Year-Old Male Collegiate Track and Field Decathlete with a Double
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Garth Babcock
36
44. Physical
Recreation
45. Physical
Recreation
46. Physical
Recreation
47. Physical
Recreation
48. Physical
Recreation
49. Physical
Recreation
50. Physical
Therapy
51. Physical
Therapy
52. Physical
Therapy
53. Physical
Therapy
54. Dental Hygiene
Jodee Hickman,
Whitney Champlin,
Tara McLaughlin
Megan Jeffris, Whitney
Kath, Jared Blane,
Leslie Martin, Heather
Sevier
Jamie Nikander, Kaiti
Bolles, Jenny Ach,
Asiya Akhgar
Quinn Jose Marianno,
Liz Reinstein, Liz
Gelhaus, Amanda
Humphrey
Nicole Maiden, Medea
Bernsten, Amanda
Laurita, Joe Kreilkamp,
Jennifer Dawson,
Yoshihiko Tsumekawa
Kyle Wiley, Jimmy
Akiyama, Stephen
Schrater, Abby Waldo
Derek Lusk
Anesse Kuehl
Elena Skornyakov
Kyle Prescott
Judy Valdez
Collegiate Football Player Following Bicipital Tenodesis
Jeffrey Kawaguchi
20-Year-Old Female Soccer Player with Torn ACL
Garth Babcock
The Treatment of a 21-Year-Old Female Volleyball Athlete with L5-S1
Stenosis Using Primal Reflex Release Technique
Jeffrey Kawaguchi
Case Study: Psychological Obstacles in an Individual After Periacetabular
Osteotomy
Jeffrey Kawaguchi
Garth Babcock
16-Year-Old Male Football Athlete with Multiple Knee Injuries
Garth Babcock
Jeffrey Kawaguchi
A Track & Field Athlete with Proximal Tendonosis of the Patellar Tendon
and Resulting Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection
Garth Babcock
Jeffrey Kawaguchi
Rehabilitation for a Decompression Laminectomy Secondary to Degenerative
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Case Report
Rehabilitation of a Patient Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and
Fusion (ACDF): A Case Report
Reliability and Internal Consistency of the Activities-specific Balance
Confidence Scale in Older Adults
Balance Performance Differences Between Older Men and Women Using
Four Outcome Measures
Oral Health, Poverty and Learning: Is There a Connection?
Darl Vander Linden
Patty Nelson
Kimberly Cleary
Kimberly Cleary
Ann O’Kelley
Wetmore
37
Session 4: Rooms 302/304, 10:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Poster #
Presenter
55. Chemistry
Hope Tran
Biochemistry
56. Chemistry
Biochemistry
Adora Baldwin
57. Chemistry
Ryan Horton
Biochemistry
58. Chemistry
Biochemistry
Anh Le
59. Chemistry
Stacie Ginkins
Biochemistry
60. Chemistry
Biochemistry
61. Chemistry
Biochemistry
62. Chemistry
Biochemistry
63. Chemistry
Biochemistry
64. Engineering
and Design
65. Engineering
and Design
66. Education
67. Education
68. Education
69. Education
70. Education
Ryan Stahler
Josh Swider
Pamela Yee
Regina Wike
Tonya Gaddy
Kyle Archueleta,
Scott Watling
Lynn Clark
Nathan Dutton
Jason Sanger
Alyaa Malibari
Nolan Gruver
Title
Mentor
Structural and Magnetic Diversity Among Ni(II)-Based Polymers Comprised Jamie Manson
of Pyrazine Bridges
Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Study of a Family of Novel Complexes: Jamie Manson
[Cu(pyz)2MF6]⋅4H2O Where (pyz =Pyrazine) and (M= V4+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+)
Effects of Human ITPase G150F Mutant on Substrate Binding Cooperatively Nicholas Burges
Synthesis and Purification of Aldol Condensation Products Between the
Nicotine Related Alkaloid Myosmine and Heterocyclic Aldehydes: Trials
and Tribulations
Small Molecule Library Targeting Two Systems for the Treatment of
Nicotine Addiction: The α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and
Cytochrome P-450 2a6
The Determination of Riboflavin in Vitamin Tablets by Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
A Human Blood Serum Protein Biomarker Assay for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Travis Denton
Selecting the Best Reagent for the Detection and Enhancement of Bloody
Fingerprints
The Impact of Dye Extraction on the Spectral Analysis of Forensic Fiber
Evidence
Asymmetric Four Point Bending Analysis for the Reduction of Fin Flutter
Peter Bilous
Travis Denton
Wes Steiner
Wes Steiner
Peter Bilous
Digital Steganography
Awlad Hossain
Martin Weiser
Min-Sung Koh
Teaching with Technology
Classroom Technology Integration Strategies
International Standard for Technology for Teaching E-Portfolio
Integrating E-Learning in the Education Instruction
Teaching with Technology Portfolio: Web 2.0 Tools
Kevin Pyatt
Kevin Pyatt
Kevin Pyatt
Kevin Pyatt
Kevin Pyatt
38
Session 5: 2nd Floor Lounge, 1:30 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Poster #
71. Psychology
72. Psychology
73. Psychology
74. Psychology
75. Psychology
76. Psychology
77. Psychology
78. Psychology
79. Psychology
80. Psychology
81. Psychology
Presenter
Kimberly Veitenheimer,
Jeremy Goldman, Trevor
Geren, Faith Golden
Derek Ellis
Tsung-mao Wu
Stanislav Pichinevskiy,
Cody Jensen, Sheila
Suominen, David Ortiz,
Jens Uhder
Oliver Davidson, Cody
Jensen, Andrew Pereira
Trevor Fry
Ethan Silvieus
Ghynecee Temple
April Wilson, Sarah
Noureddine
Jhinelle Boggie
Title
Mentor
Relationship of Academic Measures Allied to Social/Emotional Health
Susan Ruby
Emotional Regulation and Time Perception
The Possibility of Correlation Between Facebook and College Students’
GPA Performance
The Spiritual Profile of a Grateful Person
Jonathan Anderson
Lori Miller
Characteristics of Grateful People
Philip Watkins
Caffeine and Time Perception
To Brand or Not to Brand
Trauma History as a Predictor of HIV Risk Behaviors in a Sample of
Incarcerated Women
Development of a Normative Database for the Test of Memory Malingering
in Pediatric Populations
The Best and Worst Qualities Found in a Coworker According to Men and
Women
Attitudes and Perceptions of Baby Mommas and Baby Daddys
Jonathan Anderson
Theresa Martin
Kayleen Islam-Zwart
Amanda DeBleeker,
Celeste Wilson
82. Psychology
Tyson Rice, Katie Higgins Discriminated Rebel? The Effects of Discrimination on Reactance
83. Psychology
Sthefanie Hernandez
Gender Differences and Sensation Seeking Personality Traits Relationship
with Spatial Ability and Spatial Anxiety
84. Anthropology Antonette Barker
Technology as Chaos, Nature as Order: Wizards and Apocalyptic Thinking
85. Anthropology Rahel Wondimu, Manvir No More Cutting the Girls!
Kaur
86. History
Tracy Rebstock
History of Spokane Parks: Part of the Spokane Historical Project
87. Computer
Victor Colton, Daniel
Bibliotic Analysis of a Stele of Ji Wang Shen Jiao Xu
Science
Fockler, Daniel Stokes,
Seth Gossler, Kenny
Cleveland
Philip Watkins
Lori Miller
Lori Miller
Theresa Martin
Amani El-Alayli
Theresa Martin
Julia Smith
Scott Finnie
Jerry Galm
Larry Cebula
Kosuke Imamura
Steve Simmons
39
Session 6: Rooms 302/304, 1:30 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Poster #
Presenter
88. Biology
Dustan Bilte
89. Biology
90. Biology
Cristine Schucker
Cody Schoonover,
Jessica Wieker
Justin Burrows, Nathan
Doneen, Mary Lewin,
Jake Ponce
Andrew Hodgson
Kristina Pikalova, Alix
Blake
Veniel Garza, Jacob
Andrew, Charles Baer
91. Biology
92. Biology
93. Biology
94. Biology
95. Biology
96. Biology
97. Biology
98. Biology
99. Biology
100. Biology
101. Biology
102. Economics
103. Economics
104. Urban and
Title
Mentor
Promoting Production in Producers with Sucrose and Water Uptake Through Suzanne Schwab
Almond Tree Stems and Roots via Injection and Infusion
Microbial Stream Ecology of Latah Creek Watershed, WA
Camille McNeely
Toxicity of Zinc to Freshwater Clams
Joanna Joyner-Matos
Effects of 17 β-estradiol on the Muscle Physiology, O2 Consumption, and
Aggression of the Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Joanna Joyner-Matos
Tom Hancock
Color Preferences of the Brook Stickleback
Lake Roosevelt, Lake Whatcom and Wild Stock Fecundity-Length-Weight
Comparison in Oncorhynchus nerka
Nematodes with Low Fitness Are Less Responsive to Environmental Stress
Ross Black
Allan Scholz
Age Affects Aerobic Exercise-Induced Reductions in Pain Sensitivity in
Female Sprague-Dawley Rates
A Pathogen Is Attenuated to Its Native Host Following a Host-Shift
Sigma Virus Genetics Unaffected by Argon Gas Exposure
Evolution of Virulence Following a Host Shift in the Drosophila Model
Karen Carlberg
Arley Medrano
Vera Pikalova
Amy Gray, Marcus
Hooper, Deborah Harris
Deborah Harris
Correlating Pathogen Genetics with Virulence and Transmission
Abigail Winschell
Fur Regulates the Helicobacter pylori NapA Gene
Amelia Bothwell
Identification of Novel Translocated Heliobacter pylori Virulence Factors
Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model Eukaryotic Cell
John Mojica, Connor
Is There a Premium Earned by Professional NFL Players Due to
Cockle, Brandon Evans Participation in Certain NCAA Conferences?
Christopher Smith
Free Labor versus Slavery: The Profit Game
Sherwin Racehorse
A Disparity of Funding: Indian Reservation Roads Maintenance
Joanna Joyner-Matos
Luis Matos
Luis Matos
Luis Matos
Luis Matos
Andrea Castillo
Andrea Castillo
Kelley Cullen
Kelley Cullen
Dick Winchell
Regional Planning
40
Abstracts & Creative Works Descriptions
In Alphabetical Order by (1 st ) Presenter’s Last Name
Includes names of contributing authors
The History of the Kimono in Japan
Hiroko Abe
LaVona Reeves, English
Kimono and yukata are traditional Japanese clothing. Kimono are often made of silk and are usually very
expensive. Nowadays they are worn at formal or traditional occasions such as funerals, weddings or tea
ceremonies. Only rarely kimono can still be seen in everyday life, but they are still unique to the culture and are
not likely to die out anytime soon. The school, Hakubi Kyoto Kimono Gakuin, provides various kinds of
kimono for children, men, and women. A slide show of the historical periods and styles of the different eras is
included here alongside a discussion of the symbolic and cultural meanings of the kimono. The Jomon through
the Eido Periods found Japanese clothed in Kimono of different textiles and styles based on the status of the
wearer and season of the year. The kimono also figures prominently in literature, and the movement of the
sleeve has symbolic meaning, which is discussed here.
The Impact of Age on Time Estimation
Esmeralda Adolf
Jonathan Anderson, Psychology
Driving requires accurate estimation of time. For example, merging into traffic or stopping at a stop sign both
require timing correctly. Past research has shown that older adults (>55 years old) are less accurate estimating
time than younger adults. However, few studies have investigated timing accuracy of individuals in their middle
ages. The present study investigated time estimation abilities in individuals in their middle ages (aged 35 to 55)
compared to younger adults (aged 20 to 30). The aim of this study was to narrow the age gap as it relates to the
perception and accurate estimation of time. Participants provided estimates for 10 s, 25 s, 45 s, and 60 s time
intervals. The results suggested that the middle-aged adults provided a greater magnitude of error at 25 s and 45
s intervals, and underestimated the 60 s time interval to a greater degree than younger adults. This suggests that
age differences can be noticed earlier than past research has suggested.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Efficacy of N-Alkylbis(3-acetamidopropyl)-Nalkylammonium Halides
Donovon Adpressa
Travis Denton, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Today, many bacteria have become resistant to standard antibiotic treatments. Quaternary biocides (quats) are
currently being explored for their therapeutic value as antibiotics. Quats capitalize on electrostatic attractive
forces between the biocide and the bacteria. Once in place, the biocide disrupts the cell’s membrane by inserting
a lipophilic tail, disrupting pH and concentration gradients of the cell resulting in death. This class of
antimicrobial agents is of high importance due to its ability to destroy drug resistant bacteria. This project’s goal
is to optimize the synthesis of a new class of cationic, amphiphilic biocides. A series of N-alkylbis(3acetamidopropyl)amines were synthesized via catalytic hydrogentation of N-alkylbis(2-cyanoethyl)amines
utilizing acetic anhydride in a duel role, as both the solvent and an acylation agent. Each of the resulting
compounds was then quaternized via an SN2 reaction with select alkyl halides to afford N-alkylbis(3acetamidopropyl)-N-alkylammonium halides. The result of these experiments and antimicrobial testing will be
discussed.
The Education of Saudi Women: A Cross-Generational Analysis
Sara Alabdi
Aguirre, Cavanaugh, and Sabbagh (2011) studied and reported the traits of successful women in the Middle
East and found three common traits: “constant improvement, quiet confidence, and studied discomfort.”
Currently, 60% of college students in Saudi Arabia are female, and many are first-generation college students.
This generation of women is different from their mothers’ and grandmothers’ generations, especially in terms of
education levels. Hamdan (2005), discusses how changes over time suggest that there appears to be backsliding.
She points out restraints on progress in certain fields and suggests causes. Increased oil income for the nation
meant more women began to study abroad, and this has contributed to social change as well. Despite changes in
educational levels, the three generations share cultural values that remain rooted in tribal history.
Sunni and Shiite Muslims in History and Modern Day Persian Gulf
Hussain Alahmad
This presentation addresses Sunni and Shiite history, focusing on Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Bahrain. The
author traces the dispute about the Prophet Mohammed’s successors that led to the separation in the religion.
“When problems arose over the rightful successors to Muhammad, the Sunni said the first four caliphs were
Muhammad’s rightful successors, whereas the opposing minority, the Shiites, believed that Muslim leadership
belonged to Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, and then to his descendants” (Shouler). While both groups have
much in common, there are still problems, which will be discussed in this session.
Elemental Analysis of EWU Drinking Water
Daniel Albrecht
Carmen Nezat, Enviromental Science
Lead was found in Eastern Washington University’s (EWU) drinking water above the Environmental Protection
Agency’s (EPA) allowed limit in 2010. The most likely source of lead in the water is the corrosion of pipes or
faucets that contain lead. In 2009, due to the discovery of E. coli in the water EWU began chlorinating its water.
Chlorine is very corrosive and may have been responsible for leaching lead from the pipes and faucets. To
determine the quality of water on campus, forty water samples were collected from drinking water fountains in
twenty buildings across campus in November 2011 and analyzed for several elements (e.g., arsenic, calcium,
copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, silicon, and zinc) on an Inductively Coupled PlasmaOptical Emissions Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The concentrations of these elements were compared to the EPA
drinking water standards. The results show that the amount of each element is significantly lower than the EPA
standards. The resulting conclusion is that EWU drinking water is within regulations and is very safe to drink!
Tribal Influence on Family Life in Saudi Arabia
Ali Alghumlas
Living in the desert long ago, the tribes of the Middle East were fighting with each other to expand their land
and increase their power. In modern life in Saudi Arabia, many would assume that tribal influence is dying out
or no longer exists. Scholars of Middle Eastern Studies, like Salzman, argue that the “tribal spirit holds sway. Its
influence upon Islam permeates even the most cosmopolitan Arab states even if the tribal influences enshrined
in the religion espoused or revealed by Muhammad are, almost fourteen centuries later, forgotten.” This
presentation focuses on how tribal thinking remains part of the family system of parents, children, and extended
family in Saudi Arabia. There are still tribal rules that affect family behaviors and expectations, and these will
be discussed.
Historical Mosques in Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Alneel, Fahad Alotaibi
The most important mosque for believers is Al-Masjid al-Haram (The Holy Mosque) in Mecca. The holiest
mosque in the world, the Haram Mosque was built originally in 7th-century, but today 820,000 worshippers can
be there and worship together. The second holiest mosque in the world is called Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Arabic:
‫ )ﺍاﻝلﻥنﺏبﻭوﻱي ﺍاﻝلﻡمﺱسﺝجﺩد‬or the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia. “It stands on the site of a mosque built by
the Prophet Muhammad himself next to his house and contains his tomb.” It is the Prophet’s grave, so Muslims
from everywhere want to visit this mosque someday. The idea of pilgrimage to Mecca and other mosques is
explained through students’ eyes. A slide show brings the mosques alive for the audience.
Reflections on Ramadan and Eid
Abdullah Alsalim, Rakan Aljehni
Ramadan, a Muslim holiday, comes in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and is when Muslims fast during
daylight hours. Ramadan is called “the fifth pillar of Islam,” and it is believed that “The Qur’an was first
revealed to the Prophet Muhammad during this month” on the night of Lailut ul-Qadr (“The Night of Power”).
During Ramadan, believers try to give up all of their bad habits and become better believers by studying the
holy book and praying much more than usual, with some trying to read the whole book during this period to
gain “self-discipline, self-restraint and generosity.” Fasting is required. The end of Ramadan, “Eid-ul-Fitr,” is
the Festival of the Breaking of the Fast. This is a kind of thanksgiving for the strength it took them to get
through this fasting and praying holiday of Ramadan. Eid is a holiday about forgiveness and giving to the poor
so they can dress well and eat good food for Eid too.
The Unspoken Envelope
Yasas Amarasinghe, Composer
Colin Boley, Filmmaker
Jonathan Middleton, Music
Sarah Lee Monroe, Film
The Unspoken Envelope is a film that explores the importance of family, and the crises thereof, in parallel to
relationships between friends and or lovers. The main character moves from a place where he is overly obsessed
with his girlfriend and technology into an understanding of his place in the family unit. He does not yet
understand the significance of having a close family relationship, instead preferring the companionship of his
girlfriend to his immediate family. The film focuses on the perspective of a male high school student’s day, as
his mother undergoes brain surgery and his girlfriend severs ties with him. The musical score emphasizes the
main character’s ironically humorous behavior as well as the emotive aspect of the character’s transformation.
Delimitating Spokane’s Central Business District: An Urban Field Research
Study, Part II
Patrick Anderson, Julianne Nilsen
Dick Winchell, Urban and Regional Planning
A Central Business District (CBD) can be defined as the commercial and cultural center of a city. Planning
Methods II students applied a field research model by Lounsbury and Aldrich (1986) Introduction to
Geographic Field Methods and Techniques. This model uses field research to delimit a contiguous CBD for
central cities between 100,000 to one million people using land use and building height data. Students collected
and analyzed data on land use and building height to delimit the CBD within the City of Spokane. This research
is of great value for planners to understand the dynamics of the CBD. Part II identifies standard CBD land uses.
An Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management Approach to Prairie
Restoration on Mima Mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge
Kristin Anicito
Rebecca Brown, Biology
Invasive annual grasses (IAG) are a major threat to biodiversity in western United States. IAG replace native
plants and increase fire frequency thus altering ecosystem structure and function. Biological soil crust (BSC)
disturbance, which leads to a loss of fixed nitrogen, likely promotes IAG invasion. Little is known about BSC
disturbance effects in semi-arid systems as most studies are from drier regions. My research goal is to find an
effective control for IAG that will not harm native plant growth or BSC health by testing the following
questions on a Mima mound prairie at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge: 1) Will BSC disturbance increase
vascular plant growth? 2) Which controls (herbicide, native seed, rhizobacteria, and sucrose) reduce IAG while
maintaining native species over 1 and 3 year time scales? 3) Does active pocket gopher disturbance increase
IAG? My results could improve IAG management in the western United States.
Narrative Criticism of Stephen Colbert’s Super PAC Satire
Jordan Apfelbaum
Patricia Chantrill, Communication Studies
While we all know that humans are storytelling creatures, sometimes the stories that we are trying to tell need to
let the audience suspend their disbelief. Some of our stories are told through a dream or take place in a magical
land that couldn't possibly be true. Some of our stories are “tall” tales that entertain us with their larger than life
characters and settings. How can a storyteller help us suspend our disbelief? Stephen Colbert’s interview with
Trevor Potter is used as a narrative to make the mundane paperwork and nuances of political finance interesting.
Throughout the interview, Colbert walks a fine line of narrative fidelity while keeping a myriad of legal
terminology coherent. Using this example I describe how Colbert’s use of narrative informs, educates, and
entertains. I describe how Colbert does this by knowing his audience, keeping narrative fidelity and coherency,
and crossing cultural boundaries.
Stay Off the Grass! Deontic Norms and Conditional Adherence of Defined
Paths
Elaine Appleby
Lori Miller, Psychology
Deontic norms/rules are unconscious internal instructions gained through social learning that guide human
behavior when lacking external instructions. The current study seeks to locate the existence of a deontic rule as
regards the adherence and deviation from defined paths and to determine if there is a sex difference in the
application, should it exist. I operated under the principle that, in the absence of external instruction, behavior is
guided by internal instruction. Using a naturalistic observation design, I recorded the behavior of 711
individuals in a defined area of a NW urban college campus with no posted instructions. I recorded sex,
adherence, and deviation. Data was analyzed with single group t-test for the existence of a deontic rule and
independent groups t-test for sex differences. Results supported the existence of a deontic rule but did not
support the equal compliance predicted; males deviated more than females.
Digital Steganography
Kyle Archueleta, Scott Watling
Min-Sung Koh, Engineering and Design
Digital steganography differs from normal encryption techniques. With encryption, the transmitted information
looks random and tips off third-party observers that a user is attempting encrypted communication. If that
person is traced, they can be punished just for having attempted encrypted communication regardless of the
content. With steganography the sensitive information payload is placed within innocuous host data and is much
less likely to alert third parties. In this project, digital info will be placed into a host image. The watermark will
be invisible to permit hidden communication. A MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) will be created
which imports both the host image and the data to be hidden as a watermark. The host image and data will be
analyzed and combined. The program will then export the data. The receiver portion will have a similar
algorithm to reverse the watermarking algorithm and recover the hidden data in perfect form and should be able
to easily detect tampering. This research study was conducted by Kyle Archueleta, Scott Watling, Mike
Niewald, and Tom Kellogg.
Surviving Endometriosis
Rebecca Arens
Philip Watkins, Psychology
Endometriosis is a disease that affects millions of women around the world. Despite years of research, there is
still much to be learned about the origin of endometriosis, and the amount of readily available information to
the public seems scarce. Many women who suffer from, or know someone dealing with endometriosis provide
support for each other, as well as information about symptoms, treatments, and links to specialists and more.
Yet despite their efforts endometriosis is still very unheard of by many, including sufferers. My research delves
into biological depths of endometriosis as well as the psychosocial side of living with the disease in order to
spread awareness and insight as to how to survive and thrive with endometriosis.
Imposition
Teresa M. Asbury
Greg duMonthier, Art
Constructed of used canning jar lids and brads, this work explores the tension that exists between the actual and
the ideal. It was created as a means of expressing the challenges one faces when confronted with changing
inner, personal dialog while reconciling these changes with external realities.
It Sustains Me
Douglas Ault
Tom Mullin, Film
This short film is a romantic comedy adapted from the World War I era short story “Toy of Peace” by Saki.
Both stories explore the idea of human nature, and whether or not it can be altered by an outside force. Filming
took place over the course of Fall quarter, during which time the lead actor shed 30 pounds to stay consistent
with the weight loss of the on-screen character. It Sustains Me stars Kelly Jo Caswell, Doug Ault and Dave
Kotlan, was shot by Seth Mead, and was adapted and edited by Doug Ault.
The Elements of Breaking Bad; Giving the Credits Some Credit
Douglas Ault
Tom Mullin, Film
Credits let the viewer know the names of the actors and actresses portraying the characters on-screen. The
television show Breaking Bad takes a creative approach to their credits by using chemical symbols from the
Periodic Table of Elements to replace a letter or two of the performer’s name. This presentation explores how
the creators of Breaking Bad were able to use this seemingly innocuous visual gimmick to inject further
information about each character and use the non-diegetic elements—the credits—to strengthen the overall
piece.
A Market for Bodies: Slave Markets in the Ancient Greco-Roman World and
the Sale of Human Merchandise
Georgia Bazemore, History
Slave markets in the ancient Greco-Roman world were packed with slaves waiting to be sold. The Greeks called
for the use of slave markets in order to regulate the sale of slaves and to dispose of conquered or indebted
individuals. Slave dealers habitually visited these markets to either sell their captured slaves or purchase human
“merchandise” for reselling in another location. Similarly to other “goods,” the purchasing party not only had to
pay the auction price for a slave, but they also had to pay a sales tax. In ancient Rome, the Edict of Aediles was
established which required specific information to be disclosed regarding slaves put up for auction in order to
minimize fraudulent practices. This research shows that Greek and Roman slave markets operated on similar
spectrums; however, Rome saw a vast improvement in the area of regulation with the establishment of the Edict
of Aediles.
Quixotic Queen, Rebellious Reformer or Home-Wrecking Hussy: Anne
Boleyn’s Influence on King and Christianity in Tudor England
Tanya Bailey
Bill Youngs, History
Despite vast research on Tudor England, a controversial question still remains: what exactly was Anne Boleyn’s
role in reformation? Was she a sincere reformer or an ambitious hussy who supported with sheer opportunism,
any man or measure that would bring her to the throne? This paper seeks to uncover the truth behind her
involvement in the English break from Papal authority by examining primary source material such as the Letters
and Papers of Henry VIII and the writings of Boleyn contemporaries such as William Latymer and John Foxe.
Critical analyses of many sources reveal a woman who balanced her religious values with a drive to be queen.
These sources challenge three prominent, preconceived notions about Anne: 1) That she was ambivalent to the
religious affairs and only used them to aid her rise to power; 2) That her religious leanings were all based on
Henry’s changing allegiances; and 3) That Anne’s downfall had little to do with religion. My paper seeks to
provide nuance to the Hollywood-produced version of Anne and contradict the public’s widely held
assumptions about her.
Measurement of Engagement in Children
Kelly Baker, Jennifer Vigil-Bingman, Noranna Dixon, Carrie Brewster, Erin Beyer,
Roberta Russell, Occupational Therapy
Donna Mann, Occupational Therapy
This pilot study was designed to determine the validity of using behaviors, called indicators, to measure
engagement in children with autism through video analysis. Video data was analyzed using interval recording
for the following indicators: eye contact/joint attention, interaction for communication, affect/social
responsivity, and functional attention. Four children, two with autism and two typically developing, were
analyzed. Each child participated in applied behavior analysis activities and free play. The data was scored
independently by four researchers and compared. Statistical analysis for reliability and internal consistency will
be used to determine if the indicators are distinct, observable, and measurable. We intend to demonstrate that
engagement, as defined by these indicators, can be quantified to aid in the development of a formal assessment
to guide intervention with this population.
Joseph Stalin’s Famine Final Abstract
Noah Baker
Jerry Galm, Anthropology
Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union set in motion events that were to produce one of the
most devastating famines of the modern era. This paper will examine how Stalin’s collectivization policies, first
introduced in 1928, contributed to the great famine of 1932-1933. Collectivization resulted in the seizure of all
privately owned farmland and livestock and was a direct assault on the power of the kulaks, or wealthy
landowners. Stalin feared the power of the kulaks and declared them to be “enemies of the people.” Many
kulaks were removed from their lands and left homeless, without so much as a single possession. An estimated
10,000,000 people located in the bread-basket regions of the USSR, stretching from the Ukraine in the west to
the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) in the east, perished. While collectivization policies did result in the
starvation of millions, they also provided funding for the industrialization of the Soviet Union as Stalin
anticipated.
Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Study of a Family of Novel Complexes:
[Cu(pyz)2MF6]⋅4H2O Where (pyz =Pyrazine) and (M= V4+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+)
Adora Baldwin
Jamie Manson, Chemistry and Biochemistry
The bifluoride ion i.e. HF2-, contains a two-coordinate H-atom exhibiting the strongest known hydrogen bond
and as such, could serve as a synthon in crystal engineering applications including design of magnetic solids.
Along these lines, recent experimental work on [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]SbF6 has yielded a plethora of interesting
magnetic phenomena but there is clear evidence for low-dimensional magnetism. Further chemical
modifications can be implemented by replacing the H-center in HF2- with a magnetic metal ion (M), which
should lead to stronger magnetic effects. Indeed, more profound effects are observed in [Cu(pyz)2MF6]
including hidden magnetic ordering and abnormally large hysteresis. Preliminary data reveal a common
structural symmetry for all of these phases, confirming the correct compound was indeed synthesized. Magnetic
data show an increase in magnetic coupling through the Cu-F-M bridge with a concomitant enhancement in
complexity.
Technology as Chaos, Nature as Order: Wizards and Apocalyptic Thinking
Antonette Barker
Julia Smith, Anthropology
Literary and pop culture references to apocalypses are an important American tradition. Many refer implicitly to
biblical ideas: apocalypse as a confrontation between order and chaos, with order winning over chaos. The
movie Wizards, by Ralph Bakshi, is an interesting example of shifting apocalyptic thinking in American pop
culture. The 1977 movie explores a post nuclear apocalypse, identifying technology as the force of chaos,
represented in the film by Nazi propaganda, that threatens order. Nature is depicted as the true order of our
world. This is in marked contrast to historical models, which identified technology as order, while chaos was
located in the natural world.
The Effects of Mindfulness on Risk Perception in College Females
Shanna Bartholomew
Kayleen Islam-Zwart, Psychology
Research suggests that women with a history of victimization show poorer risk perception of sexually
dangerous situations than those without such a history (Abou-Ammo, 2010). However, little has been done
looking at the impact of mindfulness on risk perception more generally. It was hypothesized that higher levels
of mindfulness would be associated with better risk perception. One hundred and twenty female undergraduates
(M age = 21.41 years; SD = 5.66) completed the Risk Perception Survey (RPS) followed by questionnaires
including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Kentucky Inventory Mindfulness Skills
(KIMS). As expected, there was a negative correlation between mindfulness scores on both the KIMS (r = -.23,
p < .05) and MAAS (r = -.24, p < .01) and rate at which the situations were exited. Results suggest that
mindfulness may be beneficial for facilitating risk perception, but it seems context specific. Specifically,
environmental cues may be present in the acquaintance situation that enable greater mindfulness or trigger
vigilance.
Solar Panel Efficiencies
Dustie Beierle, Kathleen Puhlman, Courtney Bryant
Rodger Hauge, Education
In our presentation, we will explore the efficiencies of solar panels. It will be a multi-media presentation with
opportunities for the audience to interact and engage with the presentation.
Heisenberg and Breaking Bad
Sage Bilderback
Tom Mullin, Film
A study of how the uncertainty principle discovered by quantum physicist Werner Heisenberg applies to
AMC’s Breaking Bad. The character of Heisenberg in the show parallels the real-life Heisenberg in life and
method—the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which in philosophical terms states that the act of observation
affects the outcome. These and other extrapolations are used to examine the structure of the show.
Promoting Production in Producers with Sucrose and Water Uptake Through
Almond Tree Stems and Roots via Injection and Infusion.
Dustan Bilte
Suzanne Schwab, Biology
Environmental factors such as climate change, drought & fresh water shortage necessitate the examination of
creative growing methods for food crops at risk. Almond trees can be cultivated using hydroponics in areas with
limited water supply. I examined the increase in biomass of Almond trees provided with 8% sucrose in a
hydroponic system to allow nurseries to accelerate tree growth before sending them to consumers. Thirty trees
were divided into 5 treatments: 1) injecting sterile water 2) 8% sucrose solution into stems via a hypodermic
needle 3) infusing water 4) 8% sucrose solution into a single root on each tree removing the root tip 5) a control
group receiving no special injection or infusion. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey pairwise comparison
showed that 4 weeks after starting treatment all four treatments had significantly more leaves than the control
(p=<0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of leaves among treatments. Nurseries may
benefit in providing supplemental sucrose or water to trees to increase biomass & hardiness before distributing
them to customers.
Friends with Benefits: The Beginnings, Rules and Ends
Koby Binks
Theresa Martin, Psychology
This study explores how persons in Friends with Benefits relationships initiate, manage (i.e., develop rules) and
end such relationships.
The Best and Worst Qualities Found in a Coworker According to Men and
Women
Jhinelle Boggie
The purpose of this study is to determine the personality traits preferred and disliked by potential colleagues,
and to compare the types of characteristics favored or disliked by men and women. I will present a survey with
two categories. The first category contains seven generally positive traits, and the participant will be asked to
choose his or her three most preferred characteristics in a coworker. The second category list will consist of
seven negative qualities and the participant will choose the three qualities they dislike most in a coworker. I will
compute which answers were most endorsed in both categories and compare mean differences. I believe that
men and women will favor different traits.
A 20-Year-Old Male Collegiate Football Player with a Fibular Fracture and a
Grade III Syndesmotic Sprain
Breann Booher, Kent Wilcox, Shawna Crosley, Jake Howell
Garth Babcock, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
Lower leg fractures are quite common in contact sports such as football. Typically, the tibia and fibula are broke
simultaneously and rarely, one is fractured alone. The authors of this case study discuss the unique case of a
Fibular Fracture with a Grade III Syndesmotic Sprain. The specific injury occurred in a 20-year-old male
Division I football player during game play in fall of 2011. Surgical intervention, treatment, and rehabilitation
are explained for this distinctive case as well as the significance and predisposition to injury due to the patient’s
position of Offensive Guard.
Identification of Novel Translocated Heliobacter pylori Virulence Factors Using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model Eukaryotic Cell
Amelia Bothwell
Andrea Castillo, Biology
Helicobacter pylori infects the stomachs of 50% of the world’s population and leads to severe gastric disease in
~10% of infected individuals. Severe disease has been correlated with H. pylori capable of translocating CagA
into host cells. It is speculated that there are additional translocated factors that contribute to disease. To
identify these factors, I will express the entire H. pylori genome in a model eukaryotic cell, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (yeast) and look for lethal affects. I am currently building an H. pylori genomic library in an
inducible yeast plasmid that will then be transferred into yeast. The H. pylori genes will be expressed when the
yeast is grown on media containing galactose, but not on media containing glucose. Lethal, potentially
translocated H. pylori proteins will be identified based on their killing of yeast grown on galactose.
(Hume)an Identity: The Passionate Meme
Christina Bowman
Kevin Decker, Philosophy
Mimi Marinucci, Philosophy
Throughout his works, David Hume continually questions the nature of personal identity. Because of his
epistemological skepticism, Hume points to the self as little more than a series of impressions, rarefied into
vague ideas confirming one another. It is from this conception of the mind that I hope to argue that that which
we call “the self” is a meme. Selfhood is established through experience and propagated through the exercise of
the passions within the context of David Hume’s work. Utilizing his concepts of the mind, the memetic theory
is not only supported, but it flourishes, expounding upon his notions of the mechanisms of the mind and
bolstering the notion of the self as an emergent phenomena.
Tradition, Literature and Ecofeminism
Christina Bowman
Paul Lindholdt, English
Literature is both a means of the expression of and the investigation into the human condition, and it is through
critical theory that one is able to more deeply understand the mechanisms involved therein. As a critical literary
tool, the ecofeminist perspective offers a look into the special relationship between women and the
environment. While both ecological and feminist criticisms are respected within the critical literary paradigm,
their intersection offers startlingly lucid insight into issues the depth of which neither can fully express
independently. Each critical perspective presented has the capacity to alter the lens through which we look at
the world, and this burgeoning field offers a valuable perspective that might otherwise be left unseen.
Document Design with Get Lit! at EWU
Laurie Bowman
Molly Johnson, English - Technical Communication
To satisfy the requirements of my degree in Technical Communication, I am currently completing an internship
as Web Editor for the Get Lit! Program at EWU. The program sponsors an annual festival that promotes literary
appreciation in the Spokane area. The festival, which occurs every April, promotes events that connect the local
community with nationally recognized authors who specialize in a variety of writing disciplines, which include
fiction, non-fiction and poetry. In addition to the literary festival, the program sponsors workshops for area
schools year-round. As the web editor for Get Lit!, I am responsible for updating website content, creating a
monthly email newsletter, optimizing images for the web, and designing both online and print documents.
Overall, my internship has allowed me the opportunity to apply many of the writing, graphic and web design
skills I have acquired through the Technical Communication program at Eastern Washington University,
promoted my interest in community outreach and encouraged my love of literacy.
Solar Race Cars
Shawna Brady, Corissa Blix, Racheal Ryser, Rachel Binger, Jamie Lawrence
We will be presenting solar race car design, comparing and contrasting the differences in speed according to the
design of the car. We will be presenting with a poster and an interactive presentation.
The Failure of Federal Policy on Pacific Northwest Forests: The Plight of the
21st Century Timber Dependent Community
Benjamin Braudrick
Fred Hurand, Urban and Regional Planning
The culmination of the long history of timber resources in the Pacific Northwest has gone from corporate greed
and exploitation spurred by land grabs and land speculation promoted by the government to stimulate
settlement, to a highly regulated but efficient restructured forest industry framed around resource constraints.
The small settlements that were formed, prospered, and are now in decline will be shown to be mostly excluded
from participation in FEMAT and the current timber management plans. This paper will offer new steps and
alternative actions that can again frame the region’s future with these communities and their long-term
prosperity as part of the solution.
“You Can’t Stop the Beat”—Hairspray
Stacia Bruner, Alexandra Rannow, Aaron Taylor, Joshua Taylor, Marlee Andrews, Lexi Hoffpauir,
Kyle Kahklen, Jordan Wood
Jeffery Sanders, Theatre
This is an eight-person, choreographed performance to the song “You Can’t Stop the Beat” from the hit
Broadway musical Hairspray.
Effects of 17 β-estradiol on the Muscle Physiology, O2 Consumption, and
Aggression of the Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Justin Burrows, Nathan Doneen, Mary Lewin, Jake Ponce
Joanna Joyner-Matos, Biology
Tom Hancock, Biology
We examined the effects of 17 β-estradiol (E2) exposure on adult signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).
Three groups of eight crayfish (4 male, 4 female) were exposed to 0 ng/L, 25 ng/L, and 100 ng/L E2 solutions
for two weeks. Aggression was timed at three points during exposure; there was no statistically significant
difference in aggression between crayfish in different treatments. O2 consumption was measured by closed
respirometry; O2 consumption was higher in the 25 ng/L group versus the 100 ng/L group (p value=0.0249).
After euthanizing according to WDFW guidelines, total muscle protein was quantified with a bicinchoninic acid
(BCA) assay; muscle protein was higher in the 100 ng/L group compared to the control group (p value=0.0212)
and higher in males of the 100ng/L group than the control group (p value =0.0016).
Metal Occurrence and Basic Nutrition in Dog Food
Hannah Campbell, Jamie Gardipe
Carmen Nezat, Geology
Regulation of dry dog food is limited in the U.S. Contaminations in the past suggest the possibility for low
nutrition concentrations and high heavy metal concentrations. This study was designed to test 12 samples of dry
dog food varying in price to determine if the expensive brands had better nutrition and contained fewer heavy
metals. Each sample of dog food was powdered, digested in concentrated nitric acid on a hot plate and then
tested for nutrients (such as Ca, K, Mg, and P) and other metals, which can be toxic in high concentrations (e.g.,
Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) with an ICP-OES. Metals were not detected at toxic levels but the nutrient percentages
compared to American Association of Feed Control Officers’ recommendations fell short in many brands. Hairs
and fibers were found in some samples of cheaper dog foods; closer examination by microscope suggests the
hairs are likely bovidae (e.g., cow) and plant fibers.
U-Pb Ages of Plutons near Long Lake Dam and Little Falls Dam, Lake
Spokane, Washington
Hannah Campbell
Chad Pritchard, Geology
Extensive outcrops of granitic rock are found along Lake Spokane in northeastern Washington; they have been
mapped and assumed to be Cretaceous in age. Studying intrusive igneous rocks aids in mapping complex
geologic structures and helps determine the geologic history. Eleven samples from the Little Falls and Long
Lake Dam Quadrangles were phaneritic to porphyritic granite, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite (77.7-63 wt%
SiO2). U-Pb age dating of zircons was conducted using a Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrometer at WSU GeoAnalytical Lab to laser zircons from seven samples. Results from the age dates are
grouped into two crystallization ages, one is ~45-53Ma ago and the other is ~90-96Ma ago. These age dates fall
into the Eocene Epoch and Cretaceous Period in the geologic time scale. With age dating we can constrain the
igneous activity to the Cretaceous and Eocene and relate it to regional crustal lengthening.
Surviving the Modern Internet
Andrew Canfield, Jordan Thompson, Kylie Martonik
Carol Taylor, Computer Science
Computers have taken over our lives and are now under attack by both the curious and the malicious at the
individual, group and state level. Recent attacks include the Iranian Nuclear reactors taken offline, Sony credit
card information stolen and Visa’s payment servers taken offline. Yet security is still an afterthought in
development, infrastructure and employee training. By simulating an actual intrusion we can learn the skills
necessary before real data, real information, and real people are at risk. In an experimental class we began to
explore information warfare, we then participated in the Pacific Rim Cyber Defense Competition to test our
skills in a real world simulation against professional penetration testers where we placed 2nd out of 11 teams. In
this talk we will describe what we learned and what the user needs to know about surviving the modern internet.
Traditional and Contemporary Music of Taiwan
Kun-Wen Chen
“Using music to rediscover Taiwanese identity” (Ulaby, 2012) a number of Taiwanese composers and
musicians, such as Hsieh, have been exploring traditional Taiwanese music, including songs from Aboriginal
tribes. The audience for this music—including heavy metal versions—is often old people who remember times
when music was suppressed and who smile to see the young people feeling so free to express themselves in
public. Other groups like Chthonic draw from mythology and human rights history to get their message out in
song. Hsieh, who studied in NYC, started her group, A Moving Sound, and she writes songs like “The Market
Song” to honor her parents who were street vendors. Her music sounds local but has many influences from
inside and outside Taiwan. Other groups like Kou Chou Ching incorporate Taiwan’s multi-ethnic populations
by putting in “multiple indigenous dialects and lyrics” and local expressions.
Icon of Two Sides: The Duality of Muhammad Ali
Robert Cimball
Chadron Hazelbaker, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the living legend Muhammad Ali, also known as Cassius Clay, and
highlight the events that showed a duality of masterful flamboyancy and leadership. Ali, the icon, is known for
the flamboyant bad-boy boxer and the ideal Black Muslim leader of peace. This duality of two personas are
contradictory and cause conflict through the events of his life, but help all of us to understand that our selfdestructive nature can push us to do good things.
On Believing in Belief
Alexander Clardy
Thomas Hawley, Government
Kevin Pirch, Government
In this essay I would like to explore the difference between being religious, and understanding what religion has
to offer people. Some such as Richard Dawkins believes that religion is an unnecessary crutch for people to get
through life, others such as Richard Rorty, believe that some atheists are being too militant and should be more
pragmatic in looking at the spiritual and stabilizing help that is provided through religion. Regardless of the
existence of a god or gods, how does religion help people, and is it worth the cost?
Teaching with Technology
Lynn Clark
Kevin Pyatt, Education
Education Technologies are changing faster than educators can keep up with them. Twenty-first century
fluencies impact how teachers teach, how students learn, how we connect with our community and world. They
include teaching higher-order thinking skills and using appropriate learning tools and technologies. The keys to
raising student achievement are to provide students with a solid foundation of basic skills and to motivate them
to learn. Technology can help accomplish this goal. It engages students and fires their imaginations. It helps
teachers stimulate young minds in ways that make a profound and lasting difference. Numerous research studies
on the impact of technology on student achievement have demonstrated this finding with remarkably similar
results. (Apple Education Research, 2011).
Finite Element Analysis of Orthotropic Materials
Joseph Cluever
Awlad Hossain, Engineering and Design
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical tool to simulate and analyze real world engineering problems. For
simplicity in analysis, most of engineering materials are considered “isotropic,” where the materials response is
the same in different orientations. For example, the mechanical responses of steel would remain the same when
stretched along the global x-, y-, and z- directions. However for some materials, such as wood and composites,
the mechanical responses are different when a load is applied along different directions, these materials are said
to be orthotropic. We have developed a vehicle for HPPV competition out of papier-mâché products. This
research demonstrated the experimental work of papier-mâché, which offered an orthotropic response when
loaded at different directions. The orthotropic material properties were then implemented in FEA code ANSYS
for structural analysis of the HPPV vehicle. The numerical results were then compared when analyzed with
isotropic and orthotropic material properties.
Testing Rocket Propellant Mixtures
Joseph Cluever, Cody Gary
Martin Weiser, Engineering and Design
As a by-product of the space race, model rocketry has formed into a hobby with some very enthusiastic
participants. Most rockets that people are familiar with are generally less than three feet long and can be easily
purchased as a kit from any hobby shop then flown repeatedly using prebuilt motors. A larger option is high
power rocketry, which uses much larger motors and larger rockets capable of reaching heights of over 100,000
feet. To be able to do this, rocket motors must be carefully tuned to give the right burn characteristics. This
research developed a methodology and equipment for convenient and economical testing of rocket motors that
will provide the experimenter with meaningful data in regards to pressure inside the rocket motor while burning
as well as the thrust produced by the motor.
Banning Barbie: A Political Paradox
Joseph Coffee
Majid Sharifi, Government
In the mid-1990s the Iranian government banned the sale of Barbie dolls. Contending that Barbie threatens
Islamic values, the state passed a series of laws designed to punish merchants who sell Barbies, subsequently
subsidizing the production of what it calls Islamic dolls. Known as Dara and Sara, the dolls represent a safe
alternative to Barbies. Sara is the Islamic version of Barbie. She is a hejab-wearing doll that symbolizes the
official ideal-typical of how a Muslim woman should look. The hejab covers her hair and body, supposedly, to
keep the Iranian/Islamic values safe from Western cultural invasion. In addition to legislating dress code for
dolls, the regime enforces a set of strict dress codes for both men and women. However, legislating morality has
not been politically popular. Considering that severe Western sanctions have been imposed, Iran needs all of the
popular support that it can muster. It is puzzling as to why the regime continues to pursue unpopular policies.
RefWorks Service Learning
Dylan Coil
My symposium poster project will outline work I completed last spring for the Technical Communications
course, English 205. For English 205, a group of students and I developed a set of instructions for the research
software, RefWorks, and then delivered a presentation of those instructions to a group of English 101 students.
The aim of my poster would be to illuminate the struggles I had working on my first service-learning project as
a student minoring in Technical Communication. Key points would include how my team and I developed the
instructions, challenges associated with giving a 45-minute presentation to mostly first-year students, and my
experience working in a group setting. The goal of this poster would be to demonstrate another way service
learning has been used at Eastern Washington University.
Wind Generator Blade Design
Tyler Colean, Johnell Agee, Lisia Stuart, Daniel Garza, Derek Funk
We will be taking different blade design/materials to find the most effective design/material combination that
will be the most efficient in terms of creating energy via wind.
Towards a Rethinking of the Occupy Movement
David Collins
Chris Kirby, Philosophy
During my first year at Eastern Washington University, a movement has emerged which has already started to
change the discourse of American politics. This movement is called Occupy and has spread to hundreds of cities
across the United States and the world. In a paper submitted to Z magazine (of which, the author is still waiting
to hear word of the status of its publication), I discuss the utilization and deployment of traditional anarchist
methods of resistance within the Occupy movement. Drawing heavily on the writings of Emma Goldman, I
further intend to dispel some of the myths traditionally associated with anarchism.
Bibliotic Analysis of a Stele of Ji Wang Sheng Jiao Xu
Victor Colton, Daniel Fockler, Daniel Stokes, Seth Gossler, Kenny Cleveland
Kosuke Imamura, Computer Science
Steve Simmons, Computer Science
The goal of this team project in software engineering is to provide the software framework necessary for the
bibliotic analysis of a stele of Ji Wang Shen Jiao Xu, a collection of calligraphic works created by Wang Xizhi
(303-361). Known as the “Calligraphy Saint,” Wang is considered by many to be one of the most esteemed
Chinese calligraphers of all time, and his works are study by nearly all Chinese calligraphy students. The stele is
a collection of Wang’s works aggregated from various sources by Huai Ren during the Tang Dynasty, at the
request of Emperor Tang Taizong. The overarching goal of the research is to analyze the characters in the stele
for authorship to determine the original sources from which each character was drawn.
Asteroids Game
Victor Colton, John Smith
Kosuke Imamura, Computer Science
This is an implementation of the Asteroids game originally released in 1979, designed using the Verilog
hardware description language. The game was created to demonstrate a practical embedded computer
application with keyboard input and video graphics output. The keyboard is used as an input device to receive
instruction from the user to control the ship rotation and firing of torpedoes. The video graphics provides
feedback to the user regarding the status of the game.
A Sociolinguist Perspective on Spanglish
Grace Cooper
Michael Zukosky, Anthropology
Through extensive research and experience, I define Spanglish as a mixture of the vocabulary and syntax of
English and Spanish. Within the linguistics literature, a debate continues to arise when attempting to label
Spanglish as a dialect, a language variety, or an independent language. Beyond just simply labeling Spanglish,
the debate over the linguistic nature of Spanglish is a battle of social ideologies and attitudes. For example,
those who consider Spanglish to be “slang” or “crippled Spanish” also insult and degrade Spanglish speakers.
By presenting a critical sociolinguistic view, this paper argues that negative language attitudes and ideologies
within the US have detrimental impacts on both a micro and a macro level for Spanglish speakers.
The Underground Movement: Sensory Modalities Utilized in Foraging and
Navigation by Pocket Gophers
Dustin Cousins
Margaret O’Connell, Biology
My research examines the use of olfaction and magnetic reception by the northern pocket gopher, Thomomys
talpoides, while foraging and navigating in its burrow system. Living underground imposes many
environmental constraints, including increased energetic costs of excavating and maintaining tunnels and
reduced sensory cues. Fossorial rodents from other continents have been shown to use the earth’s magnetic field
and olfaction in navigation, but this has not been investigated in the North American T. talpoides. I used a
combination of field and laboratory experiments to examine the use of olfaction and magnetic reception by T.
talpoides. T-maze results revealed that gophers selected soil in which carrots were grown over fallow soil. This
indicates gophers can detect chemical cues from growing plants. Preliminary analysis of field and laboratory
tests suggests use of magnetic reception in the former but not in the later.
EWU Sustainability Project: Collaborative Roots Permaculture
Kelsey Crane, Nathan Calene
Laurie Morley, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
Robin O’Quinn, Biology
The EWU Sustainability Project is working on transitioning EWU and the community towards a more
sustainable culture in both action and theory. We are EWU Representatives of The Real Food Challenge
National Initiative striving to commit our campus to the procurement of 20 percent Real Food (locally based,
ecologically sound, humanely raised, fairly traded) by the year 2020. Our objectives are to reach out to the
community through a variety of service-learning endeavors to introduce permaculture-based campus gardens
throughout our region, calling special attention to the urgent issue of food insecurity. Ultimately, we wish to
alleviate food deserts and build ecological awareness throughout the world through GIS overlay mapping, earth
stewardship, and strategic planning. We see the future of communities as well-connected hubs built upon
thriving local economies, environmentally conscious and productive citizens, with equal access to healthy food
and social opportunity.
Large Landslide Discovered Using Stratigraphy of the Columbia River
Basalts, Deep Creek, Riverside State Park, Spokane, Washington
Cody Crim
Linda McCollum, Geology
Basalt stratigraphy was examined and described at the Bowl and Pitcher, Deep Creek, and the Highland Quarry
to establish which basalt units may be present in Spokane County. Geochemistry of basalt samples was used to
differentiate between units, based on data presented by Hooper (2000) and Reidel (2005). Samples ranged from
54.1 to 56.5 wt% SiO2 and 1.85 to 2.43 wt% TiO2. Based on magnetics, textures, and geochemistry, we
documented two separate members at the Deep Creek site. The bottom member was measured to be
approximately 180 feet with a normal magnetic polarity; the top member was measured to be approximately 96
feet with a reversed magnetic polarity. Geochemical discrimination revealed a younger basalt unit at the base of
the section, in the creek. This younger unit can also be found up slope on top of the hill overlaying the Latah
Formation. Therefore, we concluded this block has slide approximately 300 feet down slope on top of the clayrich Latah Formation.
Service Learning—Experience That Makes a Difference
Andrew D’Ewart
Completing a five-credit internship is required to obtain a Bachelors degree in Technical Communication. To
fulfill that requirement I volunteered my services and skills to a local 501c3 organization called RiteCare
Spokane. RiteCare is an organization dedicated to providing speech therapy to children aged two to seven, free
of charge. This organization provides a service to my community that I truly care about and am thankful for the
chance I had to assist them in their goals. They gave me an opportunity to strengthen most of the skills I’ve
gained through my program, including design, web design and instruction writing. The opportunity to provide
services to my community—while gaining worthwhile experience and personal contacts—was an indispensable
aspect of my education. I intend to create a poster that reflects on my experience in a way that portrays the
importance of service learning and the impact it has on our local community and the students who have the
chance to get involved.
Characteristics of Grateful People
Oliver Davidson, Cody Jensen, Andrew Pereira
Research has shown that being a grateful person has many benefits, but what does a grateful person look like?
This is the question we attempt to answer in this study. In the past researchers have used the “Big Five”
personality traits to examine the characteristics of grateful people. Research on the characteristics of grateful
people using the “Big Five” has produced varied results. Lee and Anderson have argued that a sixth trait needs
to be added to the “Big Five.” They developed the HEXACO scale, which includes honesty-humility. Our lab
examined the correlation between honesty-humility and gratitude. We evaluated trait gratitude as measured by
the GRAT and GQ6 and compared it with humility as measured by a new self report humility measure (Kope et
al. 2006) and the HEXACO. We hypothesized that a certain level of humility is necessary to experience
gratitude and predicted a positive correlation between the variables.
From Dig to Display: Archaeology as Context and Exhibition
Cory Davis
The responsibility of the archaeologist is usually associated with fieldwork and excavation, yet the influence of
the archaeologist goes well beyond the field. The artifact, as a piece of material culture, is brought out of a
context and placed into another when it leaves the field site and enters the museum. This study wishes to look at
the interpretation of artifacts as they appear in museum exhibits and recent developments in archaeological
theory. What are the contemporary goals of the archaeological exhibition of artifacts? In particular, how have
theoretical developments about the nature of artifact interpretation changed the way museums curate and
visitors look at the artifact in the exhibit? In the light of changing exhibition curation, how do curators deal with
multiple interpretations and, thus, the objective education of the public? This study will not only discuss new
and developing ideas in archaeological theory, but make them visible in the portion of archaeology most
common to the public: the museum.
Giving Back! An Evaluation of Students’ Willingness to Support an Increase
in Their Transportation Fee.
Nick Dean
Ryan Sain, Counseling, Educational and Developmental Psychology
Starting in winter quarter of 2012 one of the authors discovered how deeply discounted our student
transportation fees really are. A full time student is currently paying $6.50 per quarter for their bus passes
(STA). This is approximately $.07 per day for unlimited use of the STA system. The current rate for a 31-day
pass from the STA is $45 ($1.45 per day). We created an online survey and made it available campus wide to
see if students would be willing to support increases in their transportation fee. Results indicate that student
would be willing to support some increases in the fee on a quarterly basis. Additionally we were investigating
whether students used a QR code to access the survey or used a typical browser and entered the web address.
Data indicate that the QR code was not the most popular method for accessing the survey, counter to our
hypothesis.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Baby Mommas and Baby Daddys
Amanda DeBleeker, Celeste Wilson
This study investigates the attitudes and perceptions of the general public towards persons identified as being
either a “baby Momma” or a “baby Daddy.” Roles and expectations are also explored. Data reviewed are part of
ongoing study of EWU students.
SNP Analysis of Intra-herd and Inter-herd Genetic Diversity of Ancient Bison
bison
Marina Defrates, Nicole Hamlin, Kelly Ann Cameron, Austen Frostad
Institute of Science and Technology at North Central High School
Randy James, Biology
Steve Fisk, Anthropology
Bison populations have expanded from a near extinction at the end of the 19th century due to over exploitation
and habitat loss. They now number in the hundreds of thousands, but their genetic purity and diversity is in
question. The genetic effects of this severe bottleneck are compounded by cattle gene introgression due to
intentional and non-intentional interbreeding with cattle from the late 16th century forward. Our analysis, using
ancient bone samples, of Bison prior to the introduction of cattle and the bottleneck, reveals both intra- and
inter-herd diversity and baseline allele frequencies of specific mitochondrial alleles.
An Exploration of Color Field: Form and Process
Megan Delzell
Jamie Hahn, Art
Tom Askman, Art
I attempt to deconstruct an image into textures, colors, and forms. By breaking down a recognized form, the
image focuses on simplicity and fundamentals. By examining the relationship between parts of the whole, each
image can be an individual work, and a piece of a work. Using historical forms of photography, such as
Polaroids and Infrared firm, works can come together and merge in an appreciation of imperfection and texture.
Past and present can embrace to create a process that is unique with each composition.
An Analysis of Human Alu Insertion Frequencies Using Alu Specific PCR and
Hardy-Weinberg Analysis
Tyler Dennis, Nicole Hamlin, Corey Horn
The objective of this research was to assess genetic diversity using Alu insertion frequencies to further our
understanding of human population genetics. Comprising twelve percent of the human genome, Alus cause
shifts in a genome in many ways including changing the regulation of genes and shifts in recombination during
meiosis. Cheek cells provided the genomic DNA that was analyzed using PCR and Alu specific primers.
Resulting insertion frequencies were further analyzed to identify if specific Alu loci are in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium.
Thermal Analysis of a Halogen Light Fixture
Vadim Derkachev
In this research, a finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to better understand how the temperature of the
light bulb plays a role in the design of the light fixture. In this study a Lithonia light fixture is evaluated for the
thermal analysis. The analysis includes how material must be evaluated, and carefully chosen for the right
application. First, a Solidworks model is created and then exported to the FEA software ANSYS Workbench. A
transient thermal analysis is conducted using 500W Halogen light bulb to see how the temperature profile is
changing with time. In addition, a static analysis is performed to evaluate the housing deformation due to nonuniform thermal load.
Information Design Affects the Functionality of a Document
Codie Deyo
Corporations design documents with good intentions of collecting valuable data, but fail due to poor
functionality. Often document creation focuses on the end result: collecting data. Creating user-friendly,
concise, and effective forms is challenging. If document designers apply Gestalt principles, Grice’s Maxims or
Peirce’s Semiotic, they will improve the functionality of the document.
The Benefits of Death
Jason Dietzel
I would like to discuss the benefits of death. This is not in regards to an individual who has passed on from this
life. It is not an attempt to demean or belittle the loss of life. Rather I would like to focus on the greater value
that comes from having a life that at some point comes to an end. I will come at this from mostly a
philosophical perspective, but I will most likely throw in some aspects of psychology. The purpose of my
argument is to provide counterpoints to a rather mainstream belief that an immortal life would be a better life
and that one of the main things that gives us value and meaning in our lives is the fear of death or the
recognition that our lives will end at some point.
Black & Blue
Tyler Dines and K. Michael Fox, Co-Composers
Shay Smith, Filmmaker
Black & Blue is a story about a high school boy, Ethan, who finds interest in a girl, Ruth, who has a boyfriend.
Although Ruth has a boyfriend, she hooks up with Ethan. Ethan finds out that Ruth has become single through
Facebook on his phone. Little does he know that Chris, Ruth’s boyfriend, has found out about the love affair.
The film score was created to enhance the experience.
The World’s Most Productive Desert
Simon Doi
Richard Orndorff, Geology
California’s Central Valley is one of America’s driest regions; year after year it will receive less than 10 inches
of rain per year, yet somehow it is the most agriculturally productive region in the entire nation. Twenty-five
percent of all the produce Americans consume comes straight from the Central Valley. How is this possible?
How does an environment naturally supports cactus grow enough food to feed a nation of over 300 million? The
heavy reliance on groundwater has fueled America’s fruit basket for the better part of the last century, but at
what cost is this productivity? The mining of groundwater in the Central Valley region has led to land
subsidence on an unmatched scale, the San Joaquin Valley today sits well over 30 feet below its original
position before the invention of the centrifugal pump.
Vulnerable Among the Vulnerable: Disaster Relief Through the Lens of the
Famine
Melissa Doty
Heather Robinson, Communication Studies
This dissertation examines the role of gender in disasters. Looking through the lens of the famine, one can see
that women are vulnerable among the vulnerable during times of crisis. Gender is a factor and, therefore, must
be addressed by government agencies and non-profit organizations. The famine provides a unique opportunity
for international conversation and change. For this paper, I wish to delve deeper into the lack of representation
and the plight of women facing disaster. I intend to look at this topic through the lens of the famine, while
stating that it illustrates a pattern common in other disasters.
Effects of Caffeine on VO2 and VCO2 Kinetics During Supramaximal Cycling
in College-Aged Adults
Ken Dragoo
Wendy Repovich, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of caffeine on VO2 and VCO2 kinetics during
supramaximal cycle time-to-exhaustion (TTE) at 120% maximal oxygen consumption. Seventeen subjects were
given caffeine (C) or a placebo (P) 30min prior to testing. Subjects cycled at an unloaded resistance. The TTE
intensity was applied without notice until volitional exhaustion. VO2 and VCO2 were continuously measured
and fitted to the model X(t)=SS+A{1-exp[-(t-TD)/τ]}, where X(t) was VO2 or VCO2 at time t, SS was the
steady state at unloaded cycling, A was the amplitude, TD was the time delay, and τ was the time constant.
Mean reaction time (MRT) was calculated as MRT=TD+τ. VO2 τ (P=53±16s, C=60±12s), VCO2 τ (P=71±15s,
C=80±18s) and VCO2 MRT (P=79±17s, C=87±18s) were significantly greater for caffeine (p<0.05) while all
other variables were similar (p>0.05). Caffeine delayed VO2 and VCO2 kinetics during supramaximal cycling
with caffeine.
A Truly Loathly Lady
Kirsten Dresker
Logan Greene, English
Beth Torgerson, English
The loathly lady archetype can be found in sagas, legends, myths and fairy tales from all over the world and
throughout time. The archetype involves a transformation present in all versions—an ugly, old hag,
transforming into a beautiful, young woman. Through transformation she reveals her true self, tricking readers
and characters alike. In its simplest form the trickster figure is one who morally deceives or cheats, and we see
this deception by the loathly lady as she pretends to be just an ordinary old hag. As a trickster archetype her role
is to deceive or trick the protagonist in order to teach a point. Through the role of the trickster the loathly lady
adds disorder to order and makes the impossible possible, not always within the bounds of what is permitted. In
modern times we see the character archetype re-used in fairy tales and myths such as Beauty and the Beast,
Snow White, and most recently Disney’s Tangled. The loathly lady sneaks into new worlds as a trickster,
transforms the thoughts of readers, and pushes the boundaries of reality.
An Analysis of Adaptive SNP Frequency Within ATP 6 Within Mule Deer
Populations in Washington State
Taylor Duncan
Large mammal populations across North America underwent dramatic population losses due to over harvest and
habitat destruction and change during the 19th and early 20th century. These same populations have emerged
from this dramatic bottleneck and are for the most part at sustainable populations. Mule deer (Odocoileus
hemionus) are one of those populations that are now at sustainable numbers but are at risk due to continued
habitat loss and loss of genetic diversity and gene flow. Populations that emerge from bottlenecks can
experience significant genetic drift due to the presence of rare mutations in the founding populations. The
mitochondrial gene, ATP 6, has been found to have significantly high mutation frequencies within other
ungulate populations that have undergone bottlenecks. We used ATP 6 specific PCR and DNA sequencing to
analyze Washington State Mule Deer populations for baseline mutation frequencies as a measure of gene flow
and population hardiness.
Intent to Cohabitate: A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Cathleen Dunlap, Blaine Bart
This study represents a test of Fishbein & Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)
testing intentions to cohabitate. Specifically, we investigated the influence of sensation seeking, personal
attitudes, and attitudes of important others on participants’ intention to cohabitate. Participants included 154
undergraduate, never married, non-cohabitating students. Using multiple regression, we found our variable
produced a significant model (R2 = .76) but that only personal attitudes regarding cohabitation were a
significant predictor of intention to cohabitate. We suspect that sensation seeking doesn’t enter into the
prediction model until persons are in a sexually active, committed relationship for some period of time. Finally,
in our discussion we address why looking at intention to cohabitate offers additional information to the
literature on the relationship between cohabitation and higher divorce rates.
Drunk and Hot Chick: The Effects of Stereotype-Confirming Priming on
Prejudiced Opinions Towards Social Sorority and Fraternity Members
Tasia Duske
Although membership in a social sorority or fraternity has been praised for contributing to the development of
leadership skills and striving for excellence, historically, social sororities and fraternities have been the target of
negative stereotypes and prejudice. The present study examined the effects stereotype-priming had on
evaluations of a social sorority or fraternity target. Two experimenters (one male and one female) introduced
the study. Three experimenter conditions existed for each: Greek letter/stereotype-confirming, Greek letter only,
and plain (no message) t-shirt. Participants completed a measure of stereotypes toward social sorority/fraternity
members and the general student population. It was predicted that participants would have the most negative
evaluations in the Greek letter/stereotype-confirming condition followed by the Greek letter condition and then
the no message condition. No experimenter gender effect was anticipated.
Classroom Technology Integration Strategies
Nathan Dutton
The purpose of this poster is to highlight three likely technology integration strategies for use in the classroom.
Web 2.0 tools have been highlighted as excellent types of technologies that are customizable, easy to implement
and engage students (Su and Beaumont, 2010). Microsoft PowerPoint games can be created and implemented
by an instructor who wishes to give their students a unique learning environment. Although this is a game,
students have shown better learning and retention while using this integration strategy. Classroom web pages in
the forms of blogs, Wikispace, and Protopages have been shown to increase collaboration and engagement of
students, parents, peers and communities (Wright and Wilson, 2009).
Age Affects Aerobic Exercise-Induced Reductions in Pain Sensitivity in Female
Sprague-Dawley Rats
Karen Carlberg, Biology
Age differences may exist in the pain experience. Exercise is known to reduce pain perception. We examined
age effects on exercise-induced hypoalgesia in aerobically trained female Sprague-Dawley rats. Our previous
study found that running started in youth (age 11 wk) significantly reduced pain sensitivity in middle-aged (38
wk) rats compared with sedentary rats. To examine whether starting exercise at middle-age also affects pain
sensitivity, 10 rats, starting at age 21 wk, ran 11 wk for up to 30 min every other day in motorized running
wheels. Ten sedentary rats were handled every other day. Tail flick latency (TFL) measured pain perception 5–6
hr post-exercise. A longer latency indicated reduced pain sensitivity. TFL was significantly longer in exercised
rats compared to sedentary rats (p=0.0104). After 2 wk, we examined endogenous opioid involvement with the
opioid antagonist, naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.). Results show that an opioid mediated reduction in pain sensitivity
by aerobic exercise in female rats is independent of age at exercise program implementation.
Quiver
Eric Edvalson
My work Quiver is a sculptural piece composed of six small wooden boards. The piece uses both vivid color
and natural textures in a minimalist presentation. Incorporating pop art ideas, this piece whimsically hearkens to
‘60s and ‘70s surf/skate culture, creating a sense of nostalgia in the viewer.
Emotional Regulation and Time Perception
Derek Ellis
A total of 182 participants (Mage = 20.34, SD = 4.45) completed this experiment. Participants were assigned to
either a retrospective or prospective paradigm and were requested to either suppress their emotions or to
experience their natural emotions. Participants watched a 9-minute, 20-second scene from Gorgeous, depicting
a martial arts fight scene. After viewing the clip, participants were asked to estimate the films duration in
minutes and seconds and complete a brief measure of mood (i.e., PANAS). Individuals who were not informed
that they would be required to estimate time (i.e., retrospective paradigm) were more accurate judging time
duration than those that were informed that they would have to estimate the film’s duration (i.e., prospective
paradigm). However, there was no effect of emotional regulation on time estimation accuracy. That is,
individuals that suppressed their emotions provided time estimates that were statistically similar to individuals
that experienced natural emotional reactions.
Esperando El Santo: What Happened to El Plan De Santa Barbara
Erika Enciso-Castillo, Ivan Martinez, Jackie Vaughn, Martina Hernandez
Jerry Garcia, Chicano Education
Using performance art as a vehicle to disseminate social commentary developed by such Chicano artists as
Chicano Secret Service and Culture Clash, this short video documentary follows a linear trajectory from the
early twentieth century to the contemporary period that examines the Chicano experience with the U.S.
educational system. The video reenacts experiences of students as they encounter institutional racism,
discrimination, white privilege, and long-held prejudicial views of people of color. However, as the
documentary will show, Chicano and Latino students do not succumb to their victimization.
Typefaces Have Personalities Too
Amanda Erickson
This research poster gives insight into what the perceived personality traits of common typefaces are. Several
studies done on typefaces and their personality characteristics resulted with Times New Roman being the most
appropriate type for business, while Helvetica and Arial are ideal for advertising because they are sans serif. It
is important to know that a typeface is a set of characters, for example Arial, while a font refers to the typeface
and size like Arial 10 point.
The Condemnation of Freedom and the Exit Out
Nicholas Ettel
Man is condemned to be free. Jean-Paul Sartre’s famous phrase from Being and Nothingness would have us
believe that not only are humans possessed of freedom, but that freedom is inescapable, and that at no time are
we able to relinquish our freedom, either through force or choice, except through death. But is freedom—or free
will—even a tenable idea either philosophically or scientifically? In this presentation I will critically examine
Sartre’s key principles and foundations supporting his theory of free will. I will argue that Sartre is a
metaphysical libertarian and briefly contrast that with other theories of free will, compatibilism and
determinism. I will show that not only does Sartre’s libertarian conception of free will not hold up to reasoned
inquiry, but neither can compatibilism. Lastly, I will argue that, in light of current evidence arising from
cognitive and neuroscience, free will is actually an illusion, and a deterministic view of human action is the only
viable view to hold.
Instrument Design and Modeling Within Audio Programming Environments
K. Michael Fox
Audio programming environments like Max/MSP, its cousin Pure Data, and others like SuperCollider, have
made it possible to create digital instruments of great flexibility and sophistication and require little more than a
laptop. These instruments may be based upon tangible, existing instruments or completely new ones that have
never been made before. In fulfillment of the course requirements of Music 386: Soundspaces, these resources
were used to design an instrument that takes advantage of both of these possibilities. The instrument presented
has two different sections that work together. The first section is a human interface and timbral controller that
models an Ondes Martenot. The many facets of the instrument that are modeled are employed in order to
capture the original analog nature as accurately as possible. The second part of the instrument receives audio
output from the Ondes section and applies digital signal processing to it in a structure based upon a neural
network.
Post-Vitonian Impressions
This piece is an exploration of computer-based composition and computer-human accompaniment. It utilizes an
original system designed and created for the computer for interaction with one or more live performers. The
system uses a mixture of automation and chance algorithms to control some of its parameters while
accompanying the performer. Likewise, the performer plays from a semi-notated score with open parameters for
free interpretation and improvisation.
Male-Male, Same-Sex Relationships in Ancient Greek Socio-Military Culture
Heather Frady
Dana Elder, English
Mimi Marinucci, Women’s and Gender Studies
The importance of pederastic relationships in ancient Greek martial life has been underemphasized by many
historians. Experts from history and gender studies as well as writings from the Greeks themselves are
referenced to illustrate the Greek socio-military culture. After examining the differences between pederasty and
pedophilia, terminology and structure are explored. An emphasis is put on the important role that male-male
sexual coupling had on the soldiers of ancient Greece. Greek mythology has many stories of male gods taking
male human lovers. An abundance of respected martial heroes were involved in close relationships with other
men. Greek kings and commanders engaged in pederasty, and some used the practice for military gain. On a
more personal level, pederasty was used to harden young Greek men into soldiers. Pederasty was a pervasive
and highly important aspect of a hoplite’s life, forming his concept of what it meant to be a man, a Greek, and a
soldier. The practice of pederasty should be an emphasized topic when studying Greek military culture.
The Over-Sexualization of Women in Comic Books
Heather Freeman
The comic book medium is becoming more and more popular, thanks to movie and television adoptions, to new
generations, and also to academe. With this sort of focus on the comic book world, there is a chance to make a
long-deserved change and highlight the problem within its own walls, one dealing with sexism and the way that
woman are portrayed in the world of caped crusaders and men in tights. Comics is not only a man¹s industry but
a male-driven genre in which, instead of trying to create strongest female characters to represent the female
population, publishers have come to pander to the existing male market and put any hopes of female
contribution to the side. In this presentation I hope to outline the problems and show the subjectification and
sexualization of women throughout comic books development. I will highlight key time periods, such as the
development of the “Bad Girl” art style, that gave us the overdeveloped and hyper-sexual superheroines that we
have come to know today.
Is Renaissance Faire? Game Show
Bridget Freeman Wamsley
Barbara Miller, Art
Have we come a long way, baby? Comparing women’s lives during the Renaissance with women’s lives today
can be a fun and educational experience! What were women’s roles in society? How were they related to men?
How much power did they have over their own existence? Let’s answer these questions together as we play “Is
Renaissance Faire?”
Untitled
Anna Fry
Jamie Hahn, Art
This piece is a video of slow-moving still images, merging into a time-based rhythm, both visually and in
sound. The sound is a manipulation of a song by Death Cab for Cutie. It was altered by mixing layers, shifting
speeds, and adjusting levels of volumes to correlate with the images. The photographs were taken to cause the
reader to look at the entire image rather than a typical subject. The pictures are a suggestion of representational
forms in a vague abstraction of value and color. I wanted the images to fade in and out as the music changes, to
make the viewer consider both the images and the layers of the music.
Caffeine and Time Perception
Trevor Fry
The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on several areas of temporal perception.
Participants were randomly assigned to either a caffeine or placebo condition, and those given caffeine received
a dosage of 200 milligrams. We measured retrospective and prospective time discrimination in a number of
trials. We predicted that participants in the caffeine condition would report more accurate time estimation scores
than those in the placebo condition. Data collection continues, but preliminary results suggest a trend toward a
significantly lower absolute variance in the caffeine condition for the estimation of 10-second intervals.
Participants in the caffeine condition also appear to be demonstrating more accurate retrospective estimations as
well. Furthermore, the coefficient of variance exhibits consistency, which supports the theory that the brain
utilizes an internal clock. These results could suggest that even a mild stimulant such as caffeine can have a
significant impact on our cognitive ability to access and interpret this neurological clock.
Asymmetric Four Point Bending Analysis for the Reduction of Fin Flutter
Tonya Gaddy
The design, construction, launching, and operation of rockets are an important topic in academic interest. One
of the hypothesized reasons why a model rocket cannot reach its optimum height nor remain within its projected
path is the undesirable oscillations of the fins. This phenomenon called “fin flutter” progresses into a severe
issue when the compliant (or flexible) materials are used for fins in rocketry projects. Therefore, the fin flutter
issue may be reduced or eliminated by using materials with higher shear modulus and a lower fin index number.
Various standard methodologies are available to determine the shear modulus. However, during this research,
we are planning to determine shear modulus of compliant materials with unknown properties by the asymmetric
four point bending test resulting in a numerical value for its shear modulus. The overall project will facilitate
the designer to use the suitable material for rocketry projects with intended performance.
Run Sista’ Run: Black Women in Track & Field 1948-1999
Kyra Gaines
Robert Bartlett, Africana Studies
Christina Torres García, McNair Scholars
Long before Title IX black women athletes proved to the world a passion to compete in track and field. They
became some of the fastest women on the planet. This presentation focuses on the lived experiences of the first
black women of track and field and the records and social barriers they broke. The purpose of this study was to
examine how African American females defied the odds and won on the world’s biggest stage, the Olympic
oval. This study is intended to give exposure to some of the challenges that exist at the intersection of gender,
race, and sport. This sociological research implements elements of Critical Race Theory and the analysis of
primary and secondary sources. The ultimate goal of this research is to a fill a gap in the literature by focusing
on the individual lives of these six black collegiate/Olympian women athletes.
Lebanese and Anglo-Australian Race Relations in Sydney: A Discourse
Benjamin Gallion
Pui-Yan Lam, Sociology
Fearful anxieties of Arab ethnicities, specifically those of Lebanese descent, have sprouted up in Australian
culture over the past several decades, perhaps the most prominent of which stemming from the terrorist attacks
on September 11th, 2001. Racism is an endemic issue in Australian history and is still alive today, causing open
conflict most notably between people of Lebanese and White Anglo-Australian descent. Data gathering
occurred primarily through literature review of race relations in Australia with a focus based on my personal
field observations during the period of 7/17/2010 to 8/31/2011 that I spent in Sydney, Australia. My evaluation
centered on Australia’s Multiculturalism policy and the Cronulla Riots and subsequent media
misrepresentations, which evidenced an “othering” of Arabs in a White social space. I have thus supported
claims that racism in Australia is a product of its social history rather than from an innate trait of any ethnicity.
Adaptive Narrations: The Conversion of Classic Literature to Graphic Novel
Morgan Garratt
Graphic novels are a growing form of literature in education society. As with any new form of literature, there
is a question of the validity of the medium as part of the literary canon. In this brief overview of graphic novels,
I present an argument for their acceptance as an evolving form of literature. I focus on adaptations of classic
literary works such as Beowulf, Shakespeare, and Washington Irving.
Nematodes with Low Fitness Are Less Responsive to Environmental Stress
Veniel Garza, Jacob Andrew, Charles Baer
We tested whether physiological condition of nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) correlates with
fitness. Worms were classified as unmutated ancestral control (AC), low fitness (few mutations), or high fitness
(many mutations). We exposed worms to free radical (‘on paraquat’) or hyperosmotic (‘on salt’) stress or to
control conditions (‘on NGM’) for four days and estimated worm motility and body size. Low fitness worms
were the smallest (p<0.001); high fitness worms were larger than AC worms (p=0.015). Worm sizes increased
over time, less so on paraquat than on salt or on NGM. Worm motility on salt and NGM was similar and did not
change over time. Worms on paraquat were the most motile (p<0.042); worm motility on paraquat decreased
over time (p=0.07). Low fitness worms were less motile than high fitness or AC worms on paraquat and on salt.
These results indicate that fitness correlates with condition when environmental stress is present.
Ecohydrology of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
Adam Gebauer
Rebecca Brown, Biology
In the western United States, many riparian zones are shifting to invasive grass dominated ecosystems that may
reduce stream flow. Compared to woody species, dense grass stands may have similar or higher
evapotranspiration rates (ET), yet may access shallower water, thus altering stream flow. Many eastern
Washington streams experience low flow during the growing season and have extensive stands of reed canary
grass (Phalaris arundinacea), an aggressive invader. My goal is to determine P. arundinacea’s effect on
stream hydrology. I determined community composition and flow regime at nine sites in four watersheds. I used
stable isotopes in plant water, groundwater, and stream water to determine water source of riparian plants. ET
were compared through the growing season and across geomorphic surfaces. When averaged over 1m2 plots,
the ET of P. arundinacea were higher than other species (P. arundinacea 59.55, snowberry - Symphoricarpos
albus 1.79, rose, - Rosa woodsii 4.26, wheat grass - Elymus repens 18.36 g H2O/m2/hr).
Caught in a Storm
Michael Gerety, Alek Gayton, Colin Menning, Jordan Gilman, Davis Hill, Performers
Don Goodwin, Music
Caught in a Storm is a jazz work written in February 2012. Much of the content is inspired by and draws from
the ideas of Seattle-based guitarist/composer Bill Frisell.
Long Play
James Olsen, Filmmaker
A young, absent-minded record store employee is warned by his boss not to use an old record player. When left
alone, though, he discovers that it has magical powers and is capable of releasing the musicians from the
records that he plays on it. However, after the machine lets the musician out, all other recordings by that person
cease to work. To avoid a musical crisis, he must go out, find the musicians, and put them back in their records,
all without letting his boss know. There is a combination of both diegetic music and original score in this film,
and they work together to create the comical and exciting scenario portrayed. Multiple post-production
techniques are used to help combine the two types of sound into one fluid score. Films give us the chance to
answer the what-if questions in life. The hope is that the audience can, for a few minutes, escape to a world
where anything is possible and that even a story as preposterous as this one will still entertain them.
Small Molecule Library Targeting Two Systems for the Treatment of Nicotine
Addiction: The α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Cytochrome P-450
2a6
Stacie Ginkins
In an attempt to create a small molecule to aid in the cessation of the use of nicotine, efforts are underway to
synthesize compounds designed to target two systems: the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and
Cytochrome P-450 2A6 (CYP2A6). By binding to nAChRs, nicotine increases levels of several
neurotransmitters in the reward circuit of the brain, adding to the addictive nature of the drug. CYP2A6 is the
primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and the bioactivation of several procarcinogens
found in tobacco. For these reasons, partial agonism of nicotinic receptors in conjunction with inhibition of
CYP2A6 is predicted to be an innovative strategy for the treatment of nicotine addiction. It has been shown that
a pharmacophore composed of a pyridine ring linked to a basic amine via spatial structures of various length
provide selective ligands for the target receptor and enzyme. Based on this known pharmacophore, a synthetic
strategy to create a diverse library of potential ligands has been developed.
Health and Self-Perception
Juline Girts
This study investigates the relationship between self-image, eating habits and exercise habits. Specifically, we
hypothesized that persons who have positive self-image have higher awareness of their health and are also more
inclined to exercise regularly and eat healthily. Initial data gathered during Spring 2012 term will be reviewed.
Slinky-Vibes
Joel Gorman
Slinky-Vibes is a new instrument I created from the Soundspaces instrument design class. A sawtooth oscillator
will be controlled by a midi keyboard (Akai MPK 49). The keyboard’s faders will control the cut-off frequency
and resonance of a low-pass filter. The oscillator’s signal will be sent into a half-watt amplifier and then sent
through a low to high impedance transformer. The high impedance transformer will send the signal to a piezo
driver that will resonate a spring coil (slinky). A contact mic will pick up the spring coil’s vibrations and
amplify them through a powered speaker.
Algorithmic Composition
Brendan Graham, David Grimes, Ben Adams, Joshua Metcalf, Greg Hayward
Steve Simmons, Computer Science
Our program creates Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) compositions from various mathematical or
user defined data sets. Numerical values derived from the input data are compressed into range using a variety
of techniques and then adapted to a musical scale to generate a final score.
Evolution of Virulence Following a Host Shift in the Drosophila Model
Amy Gray
Luis Matos, Biology
Understanding the evolution of virulence following host shifts is necessary for preventing and managing
zoonoses. Our knowledge on host shift genetics comes from serial passage experiments (SPE) in single-celled
hosts. We developed Drosophila species and the sigma rhabdovirus as a model system for the evolution of host
shifts. Thus we have a complex multicellular host in which to test some of the tenets developed in SPEs. Here
we test the hypothesis that a host-shifted pathogen will be more virulent to the novel multicellular host. An
artificial host shift was induced. Infection rate (proxy for transmission) and host fitness (proxy for virulence)
were measured in the native and novel hosts. Initial infection was higher, and the virus was more virulent on the
novel host. This supports our hypotheses and confirms SPE results as they relate to the evolution of virulence;
namely, that a pathogen will be more virulent to a novel host.
Subjugated Knowledge and the Journey of the Outsider Within: An Indian
Women’s Resistance
Kali Green
In this presentation, I examine the grassroots resistance efforts of Indian Women against Multinational
Corporations through the lens of core social science theorists and philosophers, Michel Foucault, Dorothy
Smith, and Patricia Hill Collins. I use aspects of Foucault’s concepts of subjugated knowledge, genealogy and
archeology, Smith’s standpoint theory, and Collins’ black feminist standpoint, specifically her concept of the
“outsider within.” Through their analyses, Foucault, Smith, and Collins interrogate power and its relationship to
knowledge, addressing issues of hegemony, subjugation, and privilege. I also conclude that advances in
technology and social media have risen to meet grassroots resistance in ways that give resistors a unique and
revolutionary advantage.
Perceptions of Exercise, Health, and Quality of Life in Patients with Poor
Functional Outcomes During the First Year After Coronary Artery Bypass
Surgery
Allison Greenberg
Tanya LaPier, Physical Therapy
This study explored factors that influence patient adherence to exercise, feelings about health and quality of life
(QoL), and perceived activity limitations in patients with poor functional outcomes in the first year after
coronary artery bypass (CAB) surgery. Four subjects were interviewed by phone regarding their feelings about
exercise, health and QoL, and perceived activity limitations at 3, 6, and 12 months post surgery. The study
identified reduced energy level, exacerbation of symptoms (pain, shortness of breath, fatigue), and fear of harm
as the most frequently reported barriers to exercise. Physician encouragement and improving physical health
were identified as factors promoting exercise adherence. Discouragement and concern about health were
identified as important perceptions of health and QoL. This research study was conducted by Kimberly Cleary,
PT, PhD; Allison Greenberg, sDPT; Diane McKenney, sDPT; and Tanya LaPier, PT, PhD, CCS.
The Design and Manufacturing Process of a Paper Bike in the HPPV
Competition
CJ Grijalva, Saleh Tafesh, Ranzel Negrillo
The objective of the Human Powered Paper Vehicle (HPPV) event is to provide an opportunity for engineering
students to demonstrate the application of engineering design toward the development of a practical humanpowered vehicle out of 90% paper by weight. This year’s competition presented new challenges by introducing
density constraints for our paper material. The functional requirements are that the vehicle must accommodate
steering, braking, the capability of maneuvering mild obstacles, including cones and a ramp bridge. The ability
to develop excellence in teamwork and communication to make this paper vehicle with satisfying all constraints
was accomplished. Our presentation will cover the brainstorming in design and manufacturing of bike
components.
New Criticism Explication of the Double-Entendre Poems in the Exeter Book
Riddles
Christopher Grim
These earthly, sometimes obscene poems of the Exeter Book separate themselves from the rest of medieval
poetry due mainly to their provocative nature. For over a century scholars have attempted to explicate answers
of the riddles based on different forms of proper critical methodologies. These methodologies range from the
four level interpretation, to Freudian psychoanalysis, to historicism, and the very prudent philological, but
answers remain disputed. By focusing on the language and structure of the six double-entendre riddle-poems of
the Exeter Book riddles, a reader can attempt a reading based on the theory that a New Criticism approach leads
the reader to naturally come to the double-entendre but first must acknowledge the several issues when
determining the meaning behind these fascinating riddles and to detach perspectives irrelevant to the
explication.
Solar Cooking—Utilizing the Sun
Stacia Gross, Laci Sweetland, Samantha Holtsclaw, Mark Huyler, Patricia Atrill
As our society focuses more on “going green” and trying to harness power from the sun and wind, some old
technology has been updated to bring into the new era. Solar cookers are a great way to harness the sun’s
energy into a practical use. Information will be shared on solar cooker design and how it functions. Data will be
presented on angles of the sun and its effect on cooking time and temperature.
Teaching with Technology Portfolio: Web 2.0 Tools
Nolan Gruver
The purpose of this portfolio is to introduce readers to the benefits of Web 2.0 tools, technology, and examples
of use that meet ISTE national educational standards according to the Teaching with Technology Certificate
Program. Utilization of Web 2.0 tools can provide teachers and business professionals a new approach to
engage learning, instruction, advertisement, and organizational communication in modern corporate and
educational environments. Examples given of the practical application of Web 2.0 tools in this portfolio will
include the use of a Wikispace learning platform that incorporates aggregators, Camstudio instructional videos,
PDFs, Survey Monkey, links to educational blogs, YouTube, and many other online active learning tools.
Additionally, an example of a digital university department newsletter will be given showing the utilization of
Microsoft Office Publisher 2007 and Web Content Management Software for self-advertising work and creating
online WebPages for organizational purposes.
Chance
Courtney Hammond
Garric Simonsen, Art
The three prints explore the nature of chance. This project was an explorative experience for me since I usually
think and plan out how I want my finished result to look. The process began with the placement of the color on
the plate, followed by the placement of the ripped strips of paper and/or water. The true play on chance came
when I put the plate through the rolling press; I couldn’t see the finished result until I lifted the print off the
plate.
Nietzsche and Wagner: Through the Lens of Strength
Kylie Hannas
Friedrich Nietzsche believed that the “strong” have a very different relationship with their enemies than the
“weak.” Instead of hating them, the way he insists the weak do, the strong embrace their enemies because these
enemies affirm their own strength. This research will examine Friedrich Nietzsche’s relationship with Richard
Wagner both before and after the break. It will focus on the admiration that he had towards Wagner before the
break and look at how this relationship changed when Nietzsche ended the friendship. Furthermore, through
examination of Nietzsche’s essay, Nietzsche Contra Wagner along with other peer-reviewed articles, it will
examine whether or not Nietzsche was, in fact, able to embrace his “enemy” for the sake of this essay, the way
he suggests the strong should.
Counterinsurgency Considerations
Michael Hanson
The last decade has found the United States military engaged in counterinsurgency campaigns. Many military
experts agree that counterinsurgency is the likely type of operations in the near future rather than interstate
warfare. These operations are often long and costly. Before the forces of military power and national prestige
are committed, certain considerations must be taken into account. General characteristics and unique
circumstances distinguish some situations from others. Key factors that influence the conduct of operations can
be: political borders of a state; physical terrain; climate and weather; urban and rural populations; sources of
social identification such as religion, ethnicity, and tribalism. The purpose of this paper is to present some
general guidelines to be examined before embarking on a counterinsurgency mission. These guidelines will be a
rough way of gauging success or failure and whether a counterinsurgency project should be undertaken or not.
Apologies
Kaylee Hardin, Filmmaker
Apologies is a short drama about letting of grudges in order to figure out what is truly important. The film
follows Eric, a young and stubborn man, as he learns this lesson. Eric has an explosive fight with his girlfriend,
Angie, in which he gets fed up and drives angrily away. The next day, Eric wrestles with the desire to call her
and make up, but his pride prevents him from doing so. Later at the bar, Eric meets a man that helps him realize
what he really wants which allows him to make the decision that will seal his fate. The musical score seeks to
enhance the emotional content of the film by underlining thematic elements of the narrative.
The Effect Attention Deficits Have on Time Estimation
Theresa Harkness
The main goal of the present experiment was to verify whether those who report attention deficit characteristics
also produce time estimates that are overall less accurate compared to controls. “X” neurologically normal
young adults (x female; x male) participated in this study. The participants’ age range was x-x (M = X, SD =
X). A dual-task procedure was utilized in which participants were asked to read the numbers aloud as they
appeared on the computer screen, to decrease the chance of counting and other monitoring strategies.
Participants completed a self-report measure of attention deficits and a measure of executive dysfunction. The
purpose of these questionnaires was to assess those who report more attention deficit characteristics over those
who do not report such characteristics.
The Lactation of Saint Bernard in Art and Literature: “Show Thyself a
Mother”
Courtney Harler
Known for devotion to the Virgin Mary, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux became the subject of a body of medieval
legends collectively called the Lactation of Saint Bernard. In many versions, Bernard is visited by Mary in a
dream; she places her breast milk in his mouth, giving spiritual sustenance. Other versions depict Bernard
praying to a statue of Mary and witnessing the statue quicken; she expresses breast milk into his eye, curing him
of a chronic infection. These legends spread by word of mouth in medieval times and even continue to circulate
on the internet today. However, the exact source of these legends is difficult to discern. Some scholars argue
that the legends first appeared in the iconography of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, as opposed to text. Yet,
other scholars intently trace the earliest literary origins of the legends. My study will first address these dual
origins and then focus on the legends themselves within the context of the medieval conception of lactation.
Correlating Pathogen Genetics with Virulence and Transmission
Deborah Harris
Luis Matos, Biology
We are using Drosophila species and the sigma rhabdovirus as a model system in which to study pathogen
evolution following host shifts. We induced a host shift and maintained the virus in the novel host for 17 host
generations. Paired lines were produced in the native host for comparison. Multiple virus lines were produced
with differing virulence and transmission levels in native and novel hosts. We hypothesize that these among line
differences will correspond to polymorphisms in the genomes of the respective virus lines. We use reverse
transcription, the polymerase chain reaction, cloning and Sanger sequencing to obtain the genetic code for each
virus line. Sequence analysis will determine whether correlations can be made between the virus genomics and
its phenotype. Understanding changes in pathogen genomics immediately following a host shift is a key first
step in understanding why some pathogens produce zoonoses while others do not.
Creative Nonfiction
Rachel Hartley-Smith
Natalie Kusz, English - Creative Writing
A sampled reading from an upcoming creative thesis of memoir and poetic narrative seeking to make
revelations regarding the development of one girl’s personal identity, in youth and near-to forty years later, as
the unspoken rules of gender and class have existed in the writer’s hometown of Southern Indiana and also in
the writer’s mind, as ever-present culture captured by stories.
Correlating Neurologic Function to School Performance in Students at
RiverCity Leadership Academy
Andrew Hay, Doug Gulbranson
Donna Mann, Occupational Therapy
Performance of students at RiverCity Leadership Academy can be attributed to many factors. The goal of this
study was to assess and evaluate student school performance using quantitative assessments. The Quick
Neurological Screen Test 3 (QNST-3) assesses neurologic functioning, and Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile
(ASP) assesses how people perceive and interact within certain environments. The constructs and criterion of
each assessment have connections to academic performance. QNST-3 results identified statistically significant
correlations between certain tasks and GPA, and moderate correlations of total scores and GPA.
Untitled #27
Robert Heagy
My work explores the confines of aesthetics. Popular opinion views art as a singular piece of work to be seen in
its own right, typically on a pedestal or wall with space to be viewed by itself. This piece is a reaction against
popular opinion. When multiple works are displayed together, juxtaposition and relational aesthetic work to
create a new piece that would otherwise not have been possible when viewed individually. The combination of
found and purchased materials explores the relation between consumerism and waste.
Fight Club and Zen Philosophy
Hannah Heilman
Christopher Kirby, Philosophy
This will be a presentation on the similarities between Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club and Zen philosophy.
It will examine the violent content of Fight Club and then relate the motivation for said violence to the tenants
of Zen philosophy, reaching the conclusion that Fight Club has been so successful in the cult industry because it
exposes Western people to Eastern thought in a way that they can relate to.
Instruction in Proper Lifting Technique: Squat v. Stoop Lifting
Sam Herman
Dan Anton, Physical Therapy
In view of the high costs associated with low back pain (LBP) and the high recurrence rate, training in lifting
technique is becoming widely integrated in primary and secondary prevention of LBP. Though intervention
studies have failed to demonstrate convincing effects of training and instruction with respect to lifting technique
on musculoskeletal health, specific techniques, such as the so-called squat technique, have been advocated to
reduce the load on the back. The purpose of this research review is to evaluate the evidence that proper lifting
technique is useful for reducing risk of LBP, with an in-depth analysis of the squat lift compared to the stoop
lift.
Gender Differences and Sensation Seeking Personality Traits Relationship
with Spatial Ability and Spatial Anxiety
Sthefanie Hernandez
Do adventurous people have better sense of direction than unadventurous individuals? To answer this question
119 introductory psychology students (89 women and 30 males) completed four self-report questionnaires about
sense of direction, spatial strategy, spatial anxiety and the Sensation Seeking Scale form V (SSS-V)
(Zuckerman, 1978). Accordingly to participants’ sensation seeking total score, they were classified in two
groups—high sensation seekers (62 participants) and low sensation seekers (57 participants). No significant
results showed Sensation Seeking total scores do not correlate with sense of direction, spatial anxiety or
preferred way finding strategy.
Service in Action: Great Shape! Inc., the Bob Marley Foundation, and English
407
Jill Herrera
This past winter my English 407 proposal writing class partnered with community organizations for a service
learning project. My team wrote a grant on behalf of a local non-profit organization, Great Shape! Inc., to the
Bob Marley Foundation. This project provided a real-world scenario to work with, including real deadlines and
responsibilities. It also offered the experience of making connections within the local non-profit world and, in
this grant’s case, the global foundation community. This project is a clear example of how service learning can
bridge the gap between learning a skill in the classroom and creating real-world results. My plan is to create a
poster to visually share this experience of service in action. I will design a poster that links service learning to
non-profit organizations and foundations, highlighting how service learning is a benefit to both students and our
community.
Atacama Dreams: My Year as a Fulbright Scholar in Northern Chile
Summer Hess
The Fulbright U.S. Student Grant is the largest U.S. international exchange program, supporting approximately
1,700 U.S. citizens to engage in study, research, or teaching assistantships abroad. Summer Hess, a graduate
student in Eastern’s Creative Writing Program, received a Fulbright Grant in 2011. She lived in the Atacama
Desert in northern Chile, the most arid place on the planet, and researched the history of travel and
development. She will talk briefly about her experience as a grantee and share an excerpt from her graduate
thesis, which she will defend this spring.
Collegiate Football Player Following Bicipital Tenodesis
Jodee Hickman, Whitney Champlin, Tara McLaughlin
Jeffrey Kawaguchi, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
The uniqueness of this case study is the procedure of bicipital tenodesis performed on a 22-yr-old male football
athlete. Bicipital tenodesis is a surgical procedure that uses a double anchor suture to bone with soft tissue
repair of the biceps tendon. This case study provides an in-depth look at characteristics of a subluxed bicep
tendon and how one unique surgery helped an athlete make his way to NFL tryouts.
Interpreting the Message: Portrayals of Victims in Ciudad Juarez Femicide
Angelica Hill
Martín Meráz García, Chicano Education
The close proximity of the Ciudad Juarez femicide merits further investigation into how victims are presented in
state and nationally circulating newspapers. A content analysis of four newspapers’ coverage of the femicide
indicates that the victims are presented in stereotypically gendered roles and associated with prostitution, drugs
and promiscuity. This framing was present in newspaper articles written between 1993 and 2002. Around 2002
the four newspapers began to describe the victims somewhat differently. This humanizing community frame
was articulated through quotes and paraphrases attributed to family members or activists who had known the
victims prior to death. Quantitative data was utilized to confirm that the official and community frames were
found in conjunction in many of the articles, offering a contested portrayal of the victims. My research
problematizes the way gender figures into women’s presentations as victims and discusses how journalists can
avoid this misrepresentation.
Don’t Be Late
Ben Johnson, Filmmaker
This movie can only really be described as a comedy about a scatter-brained goofball whose weakness becomes
a strength, for a brief moment, and allows him to finally take an effective action to save his family. The
protagonist isn’t particularly heroic; in fact, he’s sloppy and forgetful, often locking himself out of his car and
house, and he’s always late. Most of the time he does nothing but screw up, and in the end only saves himself
by being late to the rendezvous. The music will aim to better illuminate the protagonist’s struggle while
providing an emotional backdrop for the film.
Original Electroacoustic/Software Instrument: Agrippa
Davis Hill
The electroacoustic instrument Agrippa was designed as part of the Soundspaces instrument design class.
Comprised of both physical and software components, it can also utilize its output device as an input. Agrippa
collects audio from two contact microphones, one of which is attached to a percussion brush. This audio is
processed in Repeater 0.9, a program designed with Max/MSP, before being outputted. Processing consists of
two distinct repeat operations applied to the (single) audio signal. Each operation has customizable parameters
and functions independently. The customizable repetition parameters and use of simple physical inputs allow
Agrippa to create many types of sounds: complex polyrhythms, wind- or ocean-like washes, analog distortion,
supercharged harmonics, or ghostly whispers, to name but a few. Agrippa is infinitely variable; any input source
is viable. Agrippa’s power lies in its ability to amplify and isolate sounds that are otherwise inaudible. In this
way, everyday objects such as nail files, binder combs, or brushes can become fascinating sonic playgrounds.
Sundance
Sundance combines elements of electronic music, acid jazz, minimalism, and club music. It also includes the
original electroacoustic instrument Agrippa (which will be on display during the interactive session of the
Symposium).
3D Campus Tour
Nick Hillstrom, Nick Lefave
Brian Kamp, Computer Science
Featuring an “in the making of” virtual EWU campus tour. Using the Unreal Development Kit (UDK) one will
be able to take a 3D tour in the form of a video game. Breaking down the process of how the engine works,
level creation and working with large and small development teams, and of course all the problems that will
occur. Initial intent of the 3D Campus Tour: alternative way to give tours and perhaps allow out-of-state
incoming students to view the EWU campus.
Color Preferences of the Brook Stickleback
Andrew Hodgson
Ross Black, Biology
Animal visual systems should be most sensitive to the color of their most profitable prey. This sensitivity may
sometimes be exploited in a sexual context. We see evidence that sensitivity to prey color is being exploited by
potential mates when the breeding colors of mates are the same as the prey color preferences of their potential
suitors. For instance in threespine stickleback, females choose to mate with males with the most intense red
coloration, and choose to consume red prey over prey of other colors. My results show a strong preference for
red prey in brook stickleback from Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge. The Turnbull brook stickleback appear
to be unusual in that half the males express red breeding coloration in their pelvic spines. The use of red
coloration to attract mates, which was lost in brook stickleback ancestry, has reappeared in these fish. While the
trait was lost, the female preference for males with red breeding colors may have persisted as a side effect of
sensitivity to red prey.
Tohoku Tsunami Victims One Year After: Feeling Forgotten, But
Appreciative
Reika Horio
This presentation is a summary of the current situation in Tohoku. For tsunami victims, life is different from a
year ago when there was an urgent need for food, water, clothing, shelter, and rescue of loved ones. Now,
however, they need safe places to share their feelings, and their needs there are changing. Second, the reaction
of the media is going to change now. After the earthquake, the media stepped into the lives of people in Tohoku
rudely and didn’t care how sad victims were in order to report the news. However, the media coverage is
decreasing now, and people in Tohoku have fear that they may be forgotten. The devastation of the earthquake
and tsunami remain all around the survivors. The disaster is not over yet, but they want to express gratitude for
how the world has helped Japan.
Effects of Human ITPase G150F Mutant on Substrate Binding Cooperativity
Ryan Horton
Nicholas Burgis, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Human inosine triphosphitase (ITPase) is an enzyme that helps to purge our system of damaging mutagenic
nucleotides. It is essential for life in mammals and vital for proper heart development. Recent research has
shown that ITPase interacts cooperatively with the ribonucleotide form of its substrate, but not the
deoxyribonucleotide form. This may be explained by differential interactions of the enzyme binding site with
the 2′ position of the substrate. The deoxy-form has two hydrogens at this carbon, while the oxy-form has a
hydroxyl group and a hydrogen. To test this hypothesis we constructed a G150F mutant of ITPase, where a very
small glycine residue, located in the binding site of the enzyme in close proximity to the 2′ position of the
substrate, was replaced with a large and aromatic phenylalanine residue. At this position, the phenylalanine
residue might interact with the 2′ hydroxyl group on the oxy-form of the substrate, and may affect cooperativity.
Tang Dynasty Poetry in the Golden Age
Yifan Hou
The Tang Period (618-907) was a golden age of Chinese literature because thousands and thousands of poems
were written during that era. Sun Zhu compiled his own collection of poems to teach character lessons to
Chinese children who memorize them as they are learning to read and write in Chinese. This presentation
examines the common styles, length, and subjects of this period by analyzing poems of Li Bai, Du Fu and
others.
Smoking Cessation: Saving Lives One CYP2A6 at a Time
Ashley Hughes
Cigarette smoking has become one of the largest causes of preventable death in the world. People who smoke
have increased rates of lung cancer, emphysema and stroke as compared to non-smokers. The majority of
nicotine in cigarettes is metabolized into cotinine by the hepatic enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6).
Variations in CYP2A6 genes have been associated with slower rates of nicotine metabolism and people with
these variations are less likely to become addicted to nicotine. A goal of our research group is to synthesize a
library of CYP2A6 inhibitors to artificially mimic the effects of nicotine slow metabolizers, to be used as
potential smoking cessation aides. The chemical architecture of the target molecules predicted to have the
highest binding potential contains a pyridine ring, substituted at the 3 position by a linking moiety to a basic
nitrogen atom. The chemical approach and results of these experiments will be discussed.
Monsters, Margins, Deformity and the Self
Eric Iliff
In both Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, heroes fight against foes that are different from
themselves. These antagonists live on the margins of society, unable to enter the public sphere. Their bodies are
deformed; they are considered “monsters,” manifestations of the “other” things that give the heroes a sense of
identity through their differences. I will examine the idea of the “margin” both from a geographical standpoint
and from the monster’s inability to enter the public sphere. I will then examine the idea of the “monster” itself,
the physical defects that are associated with it, and what it meant to be classified as such in the medieval age.
Finally, I will examine the psychological aspect of the idea of “monstrosity” and conclude with the assertion
that there is a fine line between hero and monster—while Sir Gawain escapes from becoming the monster he
fights against, Beowulf does not. The monster mirrors the hero, and the “other” is not so far away from the self
as Gawain and Beowulf would like to think.
SNP Analysis of Baseline Allele Frequency of Cytochrome b and ATP 6 Within
Ancient Bison bison
Candice Ireland, Nicole Ecklund, Joey Bell
Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Bison bison population experienced an extreme bottleneck,
which resulted in a near-extinction because of factors including over hunting. Through government support and
private conservation efforts including intentional interbreeding with cattle, the bison population was returned to
sustainable numbers. The severe bottleneck and introgression with cattle brings the Bisons’ genetic diversity
and purity into question. The expected genetic impacts of a population expanding out from a severe bottleneck
include high frequencies of maladaptive alleles that were originally rare in the founding populations. We are
looking at baseline allele frequencies using DNA sequencing of two mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome b and
ATP 6, within ancient Bison populations that precede the introduction of cattle to North America and the 19th
century bottleneck of Bison bison. (We have genetic sequence from a rare Bison bison sample from Vantage,
Washington. 6,200 RCD).
20-Year-Old Female Soccer Player with Torn ACL
Megan Jeffris, Whitney Kath, Jared Blane, Leslie Martin, Heather Sevier
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a structure that inhibits excessive anterior translation of the tibia on the
femur when jumping, cutting, running and performing other various sports activities. A common mechanism
associated with tearing the ACL occurs when the foot is planted (weight bearing) and the athlete makes a
sudden change in direction. This often leads to excessive external rotation of the tibia and internal rotation of
the femur causing the knee to buckle inward. This buckling of the knee creates the tension on the ACL, causing
the tear. With most athletes, torn ACLs are treated surgically in order to return to their respective sport. This
case study outlines the possible surgical interventions (their pros and cons) as well as the treatment and
rehabilitation protocols for return to play.
What Was Your Name Again?: Are Muslims Treated Differently When
Seeking Housing?
Matthew Johansen, Ty Finkas
Amani El-Alayli, Psychology
Civil rights violations against Muslims in the U.S. have increased since the Oklahoma City bombing of 1996,
reaching thousands per year. Of the 167 reported hate crimes in US in 2006, only 33 of them were related to
housing discrimination. We examined the possibility that housing discrimination was occurring in very subtle
ways. It was predicted that potential Muslim renters would receive less encouraging information (e.g.,
volunteering less information and being less friendly) from sampled rental agents. Property managers were
called in Spokane, WA and Boise, ID by males and females assuming either a Muslim sounding name or
Christian sounding name. The agents provided less encouraging information towards Muslim males but more
encouraging towards Muslim females. This research can be used to emphasize the importance of examining
subtle forms of discrimination rather than just blatant forms.
Corners
Chandler Johnson, Composer
PJ Hanson, Filmmaker
Corners is about a lonely high school student, named Ryan, who is tormented by a gang of bullies. Ryan
accidentally bumps into one of the bullies and bolts thinking he may have instigated a reason for the bullies to
actually hurt him. Ryan is then followed into his next class by Tony, one of the bullies, and flees after receiving
a message he presumes as threatening. The music in this film would require some strategic pin-points, but it will
mostly contain low stringed instruments for the rather fast and action-like parts, and one nice resolve at the end.
Juvenile Recidivism
Lakeisha Jones
Kerryn Bell, Criminal Justice
“Train up a child in the way that he should go and when he is old he will not depart from it.” Proverbs 22:6. The
meaning of this Proverb is the lessons that are implemented in young peoples’ environments are engraved in
their conscious as truth and are the specific instructors for their entire lives. It is difficult to reverse horrible
upbringings, but it is not impossible. The question becomes what are the youth being taught and being exposed
to? The topic of my research is Juvenile Recidivism, which is the rates at which adolescents are offending and
re-offending. The news shows constant coverage where there is a crime committed by or against the youth.
Through this research I sought to figure out: What causes juveniles to commit crimes? How has the change in
technology and media (the New Problem) influenced the minds of the youth? I coined the term Foundational
Pyramid which is (Family, Community, and School) because this represents the young person’s atmosphere.
The results of my research were very provocative. It intensifies my relentless pursuit to help young people
succeed.
A 10-Week Mental Fitness Skills Training Program to Enhance Psychological
Resilience and Academic Achievement Among First Generation College
Students
Caitlyn Jordan
Jon Hammermeister, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
Lawrence Briggs, Enrollment Services
Previous research on First Generation College Students (FGCS) indicates that they experience considerable
adversity both prior to and during their college experience, which make them vulnerable to a variety of adverse
outcomes (Bui, 2002; Terenzini, et al., 1996). Mental fitness skills (MFS) such as self-confidence, emotion
control, goal setting, and imagery may be useful and trainable concepts, which could potentially be of use to
this at-risk group. A cohort of 21 freshmen FGCS was presented MFS material designed to help them mentally
prepare for the hardships of college life. After 10 weeks of training, it was found that this cohort had higher
self-report resilience, self-esteem, confidence and commitment than demographically matched controls.
The Role of an Occupational Therapy Level II Fieldwork Student Within
Spokane Mental Health Services’ Program for Assertive Community
Treatment (PACT)
Allie Jost, Darwin Bell, Ian Boyle, Janelle Wilkinson, Diane Levad
Diane Norell, Occupational Therapy
PACT is a multidisciplinary mental health treatment approach. PACT aims to increase independence in the
community by improving quality of life and support of social, rehabilitative, and employment goals.
Occupational therapists (OT) provide psychosocial, vocational, and rehabilitative services. OTs have not
provided services in a Washington PACT team, however, OT was founded in mental health. This study
explored the role of an OT student intern in PACT. The study demonstrated the valuable perspectives and skills
an OT student brought to the PACT team and consumers.
The Effects of Discrimination on Trait Reactance: A Study from the Thesis of
Nathaniel S. Wareham
Chelsea Joynes
Psychological reactance is when somebody feels the need to push against limits that are set on him or her
simply to prove to themselves (or others) that they have the power of free will. In the event that people are
denied certain things they feel entitled to, they may experience psychological reactance. Trait reactance is when
this develops into a personality type. The present study states that when people are continuously exposed to
discrimination over the course of their lives, they are more likely to develop trait reactance. College student
participants completed self-report measures of how often they get discriminated against and of trait reactance.
The results revealed some positive correlations between discrimination frequency and trait reactance. This could
be an important finding that may help better understand the “guarded” therapy client and what may be causing
their psychological reactance.
An 18-Year-Old Male Collegiate Track and Field Decathlete with a Double
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Melani Kelly, Sayaka Yasui, Virginia Roth
Achilles tendon ruptures occur most commonly from sudden forced plantar flexion of the foot, unexpected
dorsiflexion of the foot or violent dorsiflexion of a plantarflexed foot. In the present study, the athlete was an
18-year-old male track and field decathlete in a Division I athletic program. The original injury was sustained
during his approach to the high jump in a meet last winter. What makes the case unique is that the athlete
sustained a second complete tear to the Achilles less than six months after the first was repaired. The two
surgical interventions are discussed along with post-operation treatment, rehabilitation and clinical outcome.
Anna Rosmus and the Memorial Culture of Passau
Jaimie Kenney
Jody Stewart-Strobelt, Modern Languages, Literature and Philosophy
Anna Rosmus, from Passau, Germany, entered an essay contest after graduating from high school that has
changed the way history of the Third Reich is taught in Germany. The topic of the essay contest, “My
Hometown before the War,” proved more difficult to research than expected, and in the process she uncovered
some dark secrets the city of Passau did not want to come to light. Rosmus soon learned it was not only her city
that skipped over the Nazi years in history class, but most of Germany, and since winning third prize with her
essay in 1980, she has devoted her life to researching the single actions of ordinary people—not dictators or
army generals—that contributed to the atmosphere of fear that made the Holocaust possible. As Rosmus
observes, “It is only the followed orders that make dictators into that which they are.” Passau now has
memorials for the victims of National Socialism that suffered there, and Germany is devoted to remembering
the past. Rosmus’ message that every human being has the responsibility to fight for what is right is as relevant
as ever.
Discovery that Bioterrorism Pathogen Agent Rickettsia prowazekii Lacks Key
Enzymes in the Non-Canonical Purine Repair Pathway
James Kim
Nicholas Burgis, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Highly conserved proteins are often required for basic cellular function, stability, and reproduction.
Conservation of protein function sequences is indicated by the presence of functionally similar or identical
amino acid residues across species. Key enzymes in the non-canonical purine (NCP) repair pathway are some of
the most highly conserved in evolution from bacteria to humans. These enzymes are important in clearing
mutagenic base analogues from the cellular nucleotide pools and insuring accurate genetic transcription and
replication. Preliminary analysis of potential bioterrorism agents suggests Rickettsia prowazekii (RP) lacks key
enzymes of the non-canonical repair pathway. Our results indicate RP may have elevated sensitivity to NCP,
relative to humans. Determining the feasibility of using NCPs as a therapy to combat RP and other Rickettsial
diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever awaits experimentation.
Finite Element Analysis of Railroad Components
Shaun Kimm
For many years, most heavy freight trains in the United States have used a very similarly designed rail system
composed of the same parts and made of the same material. However, railroad ties made of materials other than
solid wood are slowly becoming more popular. The ability to manufacture a tie with the necessary material
properties for a given application has significantly contributed to the increased production of railroad ties made
of concrete and plastic composites. The goal of this project was to compare wood, concrete, and composite ties
under static, dynamic, and thermal loads using ANSYS Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. As the rail
system was analyzed, the response to the various loaded components gave insight to the specific materials and
material properties that are desirable for freight rails. The ANSYS analysis presented numerical data along with
animated figures of the loaded components to assist in the proper material selection.
Inland Northwest Land Trust Grant of 2011
Mary Klements
The Technical Communication program at Eastern Washington University encourages service-learning projects
as a hands-on approach to designing effective documentation. The English 407 Grant Writing course provided
students with an opportunity to assist a 501c3 non-profit organization in the grant writing process.
Communication with the Inland Northwest Land Trust (INLT) revealed their need for a grant to support a
project with a budget that exceeded their funds. The INLT wanted to make a video to raise awareness of its
work in the community. Our team researched grant foundations, interviewed and regularly met with the INLT
staff, and wrote the grant. The grant writing process taught me how to apply technical skills to a project that
directly involved the Inland Northwest landowners. I learned how to manage time, meet deadlines, collaborate
with and deliver a product to the clients. The purpose of this poster is to describe the grant writing process, the
lessons I learned along the way, and the experience I gained which has prepared me a for the career of a future
technical writer.
Analytic Statements: A Response to Quine
Christofer Koch
Willard Van Orman Quine’s classic work “The Two Dogmas of Empiricism” contains within it a critique of the
possibility of analytic statements. Analytic statements being those that are true by the meanings of the words
involved, Quine questions whether there can be any statements that are true by these standards. His argument is
based on the notion that in all such statements the terms involved must be synonymous to one another, which he
finds to be wrong. This is a mistaken view about the relationship between terms in analytic propositions. Instead
of being synonymous, they contain a relationship of being concept terms of which one contains the other. Thus,
analytic propositions are rendered true by one of the terms being part of the other.
Orthopedic Plates and Bone Screws
Jessica Korgel
Orthopedic plates and bone screws are widely used in the medical field to help heal a fractured bone. The
material for these orthopedic implants has been strictly evaluated to provide the best results in recovery and
future endeavors of the patient. I am familiar with one incident in which both the plate and screw had broken,
from which I actually have the particular hardware after it was removed to be replaced. The reason for this
project was to figure how the doctors placed the hardware within the fractured ankle that might have caused the
breakage. To do this, 3D models were created in SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS Workbench to provide
an analysis simulation. The project utilizes structural analysis including fatigue, as well as linear buckling
analyses, set in a variety of conditions. The challenge was where to apply the boundary conditions, as well as
what direct forces should be applied. This project illustrates how the plate and screw might have been broke, as
well as if the material’s strength should have withstood the forces or not.
How to Kill an Alias
Dave Kotlan
Tom Mullin, Film
Four screenwriters find out that all of their ideas for films have been put into production over the past two years.
They have decided to catch the thief and make him pay. This is a short film written and directed by senior Dave
Kotlan, adapted from the short story "Concealed Art."
TOAST
Dave Kotlan, Seth Mead
Tom Mullin, Film
TOAST is a half-hour, dark comedy, television show. The idea was to format the show in pace, timing, length,
and to stick within the guidelines of a typical half-hour program on channels such as the FX Network, HBO, or
Showtime. TOAST is the show about vampires...for people who don’t like shows about vampires. Tom, Gary,
and Paige have been vampires for many years...and it’s not as sexy of a lifestyle as Hollywood would have us
believe. It was jointly written and directed by senior film students, Dave Kotlan & Seth Mead
Daniel/Saint Daniel
Dave Kotlan
Tom Mullin, Film
This dark film is a directing experiment of a well-known script in the EWU Film department, written by
alumnus Bryce Woodworth. It was directed by senior film student Dave Kotlan. Synopsis: A woman asks a man
to prove his love by committing the ultimate sin.
Rehabilitation of a Patient Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
(ACDF): A Case Report
Anesse Kuehl
Patty Nelson, Physical Therapy
Neck pain affects people across the age spectrum. While age and trauma are contributing factors, research now
shows a correlation between posture and neck pain. Poor posture causes weakness of the postural support
muscles, the deep neck flexors (DNF); thus affecting a person’s ability to correct their poor habits. This causes
increased stress and compression of the neck structures, and can lead to Spondylosis, an adaptive narrowing of
the spine, compressing the nerves and causing additional problems. As 66% of people with Spondylosis have
poor posture, either conservative, surgical or both treatments are performed. Today, anterior cervical
discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is used however; its effectiveness in eliminating neck pain remains less than
perfect. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient following ACDF and how physical therapy to
address poor posture can improve overall function and quality of life.
Anonymous Loops
Jamin Kuhn
Garric Simonsen, Art
This installation explores digital projection, and the physical relationships occurring within tangible, intimate
environments. The superficial banality of the footage raises questions regarding the digital world’s worth when
combating with that of the physical.
Toxic Elements in Children’s Toys
Michael Landkammer, Ian Leavy
Toys containing dangerous levels of toxic elements have been a serious problem in recent years. Children are
particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of these elements because of their small and developing bodies.
This study examined low quality, inexpensive toys collected from retailers and homes in the Spokane area to
determine if they contained dangerous levels of potentially toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and
barium. Most of the toys tested had significant amounts of the elements being tested for but few exceeded the
standards put forth by the federal government. Three of the samples exceeded the limit for lead set forth by the
Consumer Products Safety Improvement Act of 2008.
Writers’ Center Service Learning Project
Kimberly Lawrence
Learning is most beneficial when it can be applied directly to real-world problems. Service learning has created
a way to improve the understanding of theories from the classroom to reach educational goals. My symposium
submission highlights the final project from the Professional Documentation course I completed in winter 2012.
The objective was to create a new brand and PR materials for the university’s Writers’ Center. This group
project linked theoretical knowledge to practical application as I interviewed students and workers of the
Writers’ Center to uncover their primary needs and objectives. Deliverables from this project included: surveys,
marketing materials, a recommendation report and analysis of survey results. The poster will connect the
educational material to the final products delivered to the Writers’ Center for review.
Synthesis and Purification of Aldol Condensation Products Between the
Nicotine Related Alkaloid Myosmine and Heterocyclic Aldehydes: Trials and
Tribulations
Anh Le
The nicotine related alkaloid Mysomine has shown promise in the fields of smoking cessation, Alzheimer’s
disease research and many more. Our research group is focusing on a program towards functionalizing
Myosmine at the dihydropyrrole ring using and Aldol condensation strategy to afford functionalized
Myosmines. This panel of compounds is currently being tested as ligands for the acetylcholine binding protein
to determine lead compounds to be studied further in the field of Alzheimer’s disease research. Some
compounds were straightforward to prepare and purify and many were not. A discussion of the trials and
tribulations of these efforts will be discussed.
21-Year-Old Male Basketball Player with a Jones Fracture
Robert Leach, Patrick Meisenheimer, Andrew Downing, Katelyn Hill, Josh Aarnes
A Jones Fracture (a fracture of the proximal aspect of the 5th metatarsal) is a very common injury suffered
among basketball players; however, not every individual recovers the same. The participant in this study
presented with swelling, pain, and point tenderness, after an x-ray was then diagnosed with a Jones fracture
during the 2011 summer prior to the basketball season. This patient further suffered a stress fracture of the same
bone that further complicated the recovery process. This case study examined the surgical procedure, as well as
ways to strengthen, and protect and prevent further injury so that he could compete in collegiate basketball.
Arsenic Content of the Latah Formation and Its Effect on Local Groundwater
Ian Leavy
In eastern Washington, isolated cases of private wells being contaminated with arsenic have been reported over
the last several decades, including one well located on the Peone Prairie near Mead, WA. These cases all exceed
the EPA’s Maximum Contamination Level of 10 parts per billion. High levels of arsenic in drinking water can
cause health problems including bone and tissue cancer as well as skin disease, night blindness and immune
system deficiencies. One possible source of the contamination is the Latah Formation, which are Miocene
sedimentary interbeds within the Columbia River Basalt Group. To test this, Latah Formation samples from
eight locations in and around the Spokane area, as well as several samples from other geologic units more
common to the study area (for comparison), are being analyzed. The samples will be sequentially leached in
order to extract arsenic pools of different mobilities. This will be used to determine the content of arsenic and
associated minerals within the Latah Formation as well as their mobility and distribution throughout northern
Spokane County.
The Growing Dead: How Zombies Went Viral
Jordan Lemmon
Polly Buckingham, English
For the last 40 years, one monster has eaten its way into the minds of movie-goers like no other can. That
creature is the zombie, and it has crawled its way into almost every form of media from books to video games.
While previously a niche market spawning several films (which have reached cult status and formed a devoted
fan base), recent years have brought the zombie into the mainstream. Acting as both a nightmarish distortion of
humanity and an eerie metaphor for our own cultural values, zombies have gained a new role by symbolizing
how we view modern society.
Analysis of Water Quality and Sanitation in Peru
Nathan Lewis
Mary Ann Keough Hoss, Health Services Administration
Through the course of an intense literature review of government documentation, the World Bank, primary
literature, and other sources, this study focuses on water supply and sanitation in Peru. To better understand the
effects poor water has on communities of developing nations like Peru, this presentation will discuss the
following areas: Peruvian Water Sanitation, Water Source and Access, and other related issues. It will also
discuss how the United Nations Human Rights Resolution and the 2015 Millennium Goals could have
substantial impact on the issues with Peru’s POU water as a developing nation. Based on the evidence provided
from this research, it is recommended that the following be implemented in the peri-urban communities of Peru:
ensure that equal and equitable access to clean POU water is provided to communities members and that the
inequitable cost be mitigated. It is also important to use comprehensive community-based programs, noting that
these programs should provide the proper materials, guides and support staff.
Spokane Youth Services: How Engagement Fosters Success
Lateasha Lewis, Trevor Liebing
Sue Wright, Children’s Studies
This presentation focuses on youth engagement as an important contributor to program and student success.
Funded by a grant from Priority Spokane, through the Inland Northwest Community Foundation, Harriet
Cheney Cowles Foundation, and Empire Health Foundation, findings are based on interviews with twelve
Spokane area youth support organizations that demonstrated success in improving youth participants’ academic
performance. Interviews were coded for themes around engagement, risk factors, school and community
collaborations, parent involvement, transitions, and role models. Findings on student engagement suggest that
1) building self-esteem and empowerment through engagement is key in success, 2) students’ sense of
competency is more important than grades in demonstrating success, and 3) indirect relational engagement is
important in combination with direct academic engagement.
Climate Controls on Dendrochronology of Ponderosa Pines
Kassandra Lindsey
The thicknesses of growth rings in many trees correspond to changing climate conditions at the time of ring
growth. We studied tree ring thickness in Ponderosa Pines in the Cheney/Spokane area to attempt to correlate
ring growth to past local climate conditions. Ponderosa Pines (Pinus ponderosa) are distributed throughout the
Pacific Northwest. They usually grow in elevations ranging from 0 to 3000 m, favor areas with well-drained
soils, and prefer 30 to 60 cm average annual precipitation. We sampled cores from 10 different trees in the
Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge. From 1885 to 1920 cores show an overall increase in ring width, followed
by a rapid decrease until about 1940, from which time ring width either decreased slightly or remained constant.
We also analyzed long-term trends in seasonal precipitation and temperature from 1890-2010. Spring
precipitation increased noticeably, while summer and winter precipitation increased slightly. Fall precipitation
decreased. Long-term trends in average seasonal temperatures for all seasons show a decrease by two degrees or
less.
Clarity Requires Visual Cues
Karhonkwison Logan
My research poster highlights my study of visual communication and semiotics as they relate to written
discourse. All writing needs the aid of visual cues. In fact, all writing is a form of visual that links together to
form meaning; letters are symbols with the attached meaning of sound, and written words are just complex
rearrangements of those symbols used to create complex meaning. Once someone has learned to recognize the
letters in a word, they’ve attached meaning to the symbolic representation to the word itself. These symbols are
a part of semantics, which is the conveyance of meaning in communication. C. S. Peirce separated visuals into
ten categories of semantic meaning and then further whittled them down into three sign types: Icons (images),
Indices (indicators), and Symbols (words). Using all three of these “types” in balance will create a message that
is clear and complete for the reader.
“Cotton Song”
Briana Lummus-Ekborg
Judy Logan, English
A Sestina in honor of my grandmother and her unending patience with the world. It starts with dewy cotton in
hazy morning light. Mamma rouses us, grainy-eyed to start the picking. Calloused bare feet trudge to damp
white fields, sacks slung across slender bodies, small fingers picking the boll. To pass the time, “In the Pine,”
mamma sings, her southern drawl caressing the cotton, which sings back to her. Our fingers fight the stubborn
cotton, begging, pleading our livelihood, please leave the boll so we may eat. And mamma, always furthest
down the shimmering fields chiding us softly when we begin to slow, “keep picking.”
Rehabilitation for a Decompression Laminectomy Secondary to Degenerative
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Case Report
Derek Lusk
Darl Vander Linden, Physical Therapy
BACKGROUND: Spinal stenosis (SS) is a narrowing of the spinal canal with encroachment on neural
structures. Surgical intervention involves a laminectomy. Research is limited on post-op rehab for a
laminectomy. This case report describes the rehab of a patient, post-op L4-L5 laminectomy. CASE
DESCRIPTION: The patient is male (age 73) with SS diagnosed on 6/11/11. An L4-L5 laminectomy was
performed on 6/15/11. The patient reported to physical therapy (PT) on 7/6/11, with leg weakness, difficulty
ambulating, and pain (6/10). Rehab included soft tissue work, exercises, and modalities. OUTCOMES: After 5
weeks of PT, the patient still had limitations in activities of daily living. The patient’s pain decreased (1/10). At
this point the patient continued PT. DISCUSSION: Reasoning to why the patient had minimal improvements in
activity and participation is unclear. Further research is needed for post-op rehab in this patient population.
Spokane Clean Air Internship
Ryan Magryta
My internship with Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency is a form of service learning since I’m able to enhance
my knowledge and also educate the community. Spokane Clean Air wants to inform Spokane County citizens
about current issues on air quality in the environment. My duties include working with Adobe Creative Suite to
design promotional materials for events. I’ve researched and summarized specific information on organizations
that can help Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency spread information on current clean air practices and issues
to the Spokane County community. My duties also include the writing and preparation of many different news
releases and newsletter articles concerning material translated from the jargon of organizations and manuals.
These articles are to be published in the company newsletter: “On the Air.” I’ve helped educate the community
on environmental issues about air quality though my work at this internship.
16-Year-Old Male Football Athlete with Mulitiple Knee Injuries
Nicole Maiden, Medea Bernsten, Amanda Laurita, Joe Kreilkamp, Jennifer Dawson, Yoshihiko
Tsumekawa
Jeff Kawaguchi, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
Knee injuries in contact sports are fairly common and often involve at least one of the four primary ligaments
that hold that joint together. The participant in this study was a 16-year-old male football player who sustained a
grade II ligament injury to his MCL and LCL, as well as a large osteochondral lesion along the lateral femoral
condyle, and who presented with significant joint effusion. These injuries were sustained during a practice drill
for football when another player landed on the participants out stretched fully extended left knee. Permission
from the parents and the athlete allowed for review of the athlete’s medical records, which included the
evaluation, treatment and rehabilitation of these injuries as well as the current status and prognosis. The goal of
treatment was to restore strength to the leg and return the participant back to play.
Service Learning with EWU’s Writers’ Center and What I Learned
Catherine Mair
For my English 305 Professional Communication course’s service learning project, my group and I worked
together and redesigned the promotional materials for EWU’s Writers’ Center. In attempts to clarify their goal,
emphasize the resources offered and spread the word to more writers, we created an interesting and cohesive
style between all the promotional materials. To gain a greater understanding of where to go with the redesign,
we conducted student surveys along with interviews, researched other college’s writing centers, conducted two
usability tests, and proposed our ideas to our client, EWU’s Writers’ Center staff. Participating in the Writers’
Center discussion of whether to evolve into a multimedia center, we created a recommendation report that
summarized our findings, and included a proposal for how we felt about the discussed evolution. Being
involved in such a multilayered project taught me many skills such as how to work successfully in a group,
correspond and deliver satisfying materials to a client, and how to create a cohesive set of informative
promotional materials.
Integrating E-learning in the Education Instruction
Alyaa Malibari
E-learning in general is the language the new generation understands. On the other hand, teachers are not from
this generation, and they are not as strong in knowing the technology as their students. Therefore, integrating elearning in the education system is not going to be easy, but it’s not impossible. The purpose of this poster is to
introduce this concept into the education system without complicating old and new concepts in education. Also,
I will introduce the best ideas such as social networking as part of e-learning and new technology the new
generation uses on a daily basis. Finally, I will also address how the education system in Saudi Arabia is going
to see this concept.
Capturing Light and Action: A Showcase of Sports Journalism Photography
Aaron Malmoe
Jamie Neely, Journalism
This series of photographs will present sports photography from the 2010-2011 to 2011-2012 school years.
Aaron Malmoe took these photographs while working for EWU’s student newspaper, The Easterner. A
slideshow will display his work, including approximately 30 of the best action shots during these school years.
The images were crafted to help the change the way the viewer sees Eastern athletics. This display will evaluate
the choices related to lighting, composition, and point of view that made these photographs stand out.
Case Study: Psychological Obstacles in an Individual After Periacetabular
Osteotomy
Quinn Jose Marianno, Liz Reinstein, Liz Gelhaus, Amanda Humphrey
Major hip surgery is uncommon in the collegiate, athletic population, and demands a high level of motivation to
endure extensive rehabilitation required to meet return to play criteria. The case study was conducted on a 20year-old D1 women’s basketball athlete that underwent a periacetabular osteotomy as treatment for hip
dysplasia. The athlete also has a history of Legg-Calve-Perthes requiring a Salter osteotomy at the age of 10
years old. The focus of the study is on the rehabilitation after the surgery. The process of treatment and
rehabilitation as well as dealing with psychological obstacles, counterproductive gait behaviors, complacency
and motivation are discussed.
Quantification and Analysis of Apis melifera Mid-gut Bacterial DNA and the
Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Population Density
Hailey Markam-Patti, Keara Rypien
Quantification of Apis melifera mid-gut bacterial consortia populations can be utilized to analyze the effects of
environmental perturbations such as agricultural chemicals and lend insight into the health of Honey bee hives.
Changes in gut flora can be attributed to changes in bees’ diet and the chemicals that are applied to the base
material that is being foraged. Total DNA extraction and quantification including 16s PCR quantification was
used to analyze the effects of various crop agricultural applications on mid-gut bacterial consortia quantities.
Hemingway’s Ladies
Casey Martin
In Hemingway’s stories “Hills like White Elephants,” “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” and “The Snows of
Kilimanjaro,” the protagonists are all involved with women, and each feels differently about his female
companion. In “Hills like White Elephants,” the American dreads the idea of having a kid with his lover and
pushes her to have an abortion, despite everything she says. In “Snows of Kilimanjaro,” the man is so fed up
with his female companion that he begins to call her degrading names and blames her for everything wrong in
his life, even in the last agonizing moments of his death. In “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” we see a different side
of Hemingway. Although the main character Robert Jordan is not looking for love when he comes to help in the
Spanish Revolution, it is clear that love is exactly what Jordan finds. Each of these stories reflects a unique kind
of relationship. The American and Jig have a relationship where love never existed at all, Harry and his female
companion have a relationship where love is lost; while Robert Jordan and Maria have a relationship where true
love flourishes.
Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound in College-Aged Adults
Tyler Mattair, Ryan Maynes, Ken Dragoo
Percent body fat (%BF) assessment techniques can identify health risks for cardiovascular and metabolic
diseases, and can monitor the effects of training on body fat. Skinfolds, a valid and widespread technique, and
A-mode ultrasound are simple techniques for measuring %BF. This study was conducted to validate the
ultrasound for measuring %BF when compared to skinfold calipers. 46 college-aged adults reported to the
laboratory for one visit. Height and weight were measured on a metric standiometer. Skinfold measures were
taken twice at the thigh, chest, and abdomen for men and the thigh, triceps, and suprailiac for women. Two
ultrasound measures were subsequently taken at the same sites. There was a significant difference between
skinfold (25.6 Ã‚Â± 10.5%) and ultrasound (22.5 Ã‚Â± 6.7%; p = 0.001) and a significant correlation between
skinfold and ultrasound (r = 0.841, p = 0.000). Although positively correlated with skinfolds, ultrasound
underestimated %BF.
Digit Span and Academia
Jay Mattson, Anna Maryott, Richard Turner
Brosnan (2006) investigated the ring finger - index finger measurement differential (referred to as 2D:4D ratio)
with a sample of university faculty. He discovered that faculty from the social sciences have a different pattern
of the 2D:4D ratio than do faculty from the natural sciences. In our study, we are investigating whether a similar
pattern exists for undergraduate students majoring in these academic areas. We will present data from entrylevel students compared to students in their senior year.
Hero, Traitor, Siren: Myth Archetypes in Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida
Shannon Mauldin
In Troilus and Cressida, Shakespeare reimagines the traditional myth archetypes described by Northrop Frye,
transcending the often-rigid confines of myth structure. Applying Frye to Troilus and Cressida reveals Cressida
as the hero of the play and refocuses the play onto the societal roles of women, as exemplified by Cressida’s
character arc. She is simultaneously hero, traitor, and siren, a triple casting that serves as a searing indictment of
the patriarchy that governs the world of the play. Interpreting Troilus and Cressida as a sunset myth illuminates
the shadows that obscure the female characters to a state of near invisibility, both within the play and to the
audience.
Aristotle’s Humor is not Superior, but Incongruous: Putting Both Gloves on
for Double the Punch Line
Amanda Maule
Dana Elder, English
Scholars have traditionally placed Aristotle within Superiority Theory of humor. Yet that placement may be
misjudged because of the “baseness” of humor during his time and the debate of authorship of the “Tractatus
Coislinianus.” Most agree that the “Tractatus” is an outline of tragedy and comedy consistent with Aristotle’s
extant works. The translations and expansions provided by Lane Cooper and Richard Janko of the “Tractatus”
simplifies and aligns with contemporary psychological and linguistic theories of humor including Incongruity
Theory and the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH). Tracing the influence of the “Tractatus” to the
GTVH shows Aristotle’s usefulness in linking the diction and action (style and content) of humor in the same
pattern of the GTVH knowledge resources. Both theories are mutually substantiating and direct the heuresis
(invention) and mimera (memory) of humor, while most contemporary humor theories and those written for the
general public and writers direct lexis (style), taxis (arrangement), and hypocrisis (delivery).
Humor of Redefinition: Hybridizing Creative Nonfiction and Standup Comedy
Amanda Maule
As a student of creative nonfiction and humor groupie, I can’t help but notice renaming and redefinition are at
the core of both genres. This creative nonfiction essay will follow a guide or taxonomy based on analyzing
humor from both genres against the causes of laughter in Aristotle’s "Tractatus Coislinianus," which outlines
comedy based on both diction and action (style and content). The taxonomy is based on the prevalent patterns
from creative nonfiction writers including Dave Eggers and Sarah Vowell and from standup comedians George
Carlin, Patton Oswalt, and Bill Hicks, who all engage redefinition for argumentation. The primary goal of this
project is to establish a useful taxonomy that links choices in content to choices in style deliberately and
descriptively because guides for writing humor in contemporary theories usually speak only to the choices in
style. Another goal is to nudge humorous creative nonfiction toward a humor that is evident in the global
structure and main argument of the piece rather than in the smaller puns and entertaining characterizations.
Relationships Between Government Moral Issues, Politics and Gender
Jason McAllister, Douglas Emerson
Mahlon Dalley, Psychology
In our study we used previous research done through a PAIRTAPS survey and analyzed the given data to see if
there were any differences on Government moral issues such as drafting, war and execution versus a political
and gender basis with Eastern Washington University students.
Cultural Views and Death
Jason McAllister
This web-based survey study investigates the relationships between self-esteem and attitudes about death.
Previous research by Templar resulted in the development of the Death Anxiety Scale, a scale that basically
asked about negative reactions to death. In this study, I developed a scale that incorporated more positive worldviews questions about death. For my results I will be comparing how positive and negative views of death are
related and whether self-esteem is linked in a systematic way to either of these viewpoints.
The Beedles
Keegan McClung
Tom Mullin, Film
The Beedles try to save their marriage by disposing of the dead body of a private detective that they murdered
when he threatened to expose the couple’s infidelities.
Proof Scene
Ross McCrorie, Lexi Hoffpauir
Sara Goff, Theatre
My acting partner and I will be performing a piece from David Auburn’s play Proof. We performed this piece
for our final project in acting one. Incorporated into our scene is our work on archetypes and psychological
gesture, which we covered in acting one.
The Frostblaukugel of Himmelsward—A Reading
Bergen McCurdy
LaVona Reeves, English as a Second Language
The Frostblaukugel of Himmelsward is a fantasy-themed book created as supplemental material for an English
curriculum to teach English to second language learners. The book is designed to help students make
predictions and focus on the story’s plot, characters, and environment as well as the themes in the book and the
cultural elements. Written in English, The Frostblaukugel of Himmelsward also includes some German-English
hybrid compound names and descriptions to help the students compare and contrast the English language with
another language. This method of instruction also introduces the students to another language and helps them to
connect the book and languages to their own language.
An Overview of Open-Source Technology
Conor McMillan, Britt Yazel
Lance Walker, Information Technology
Open-source products are entering the mainstream consumer space, but have yet to take a firm hold in our
universities. Many of the reasons for this type of software not being integrated into our academic system stem
from archaic opinions on the nature of open-sourced technology, and that we as a society have grown
accustomed and dependent on proprietary software. While the “if it isn’t broke don’t fix it” strategy may keep a
stable infrastructure, as an academic community we should always keep an open eye to alternatives to the
standard, generic models, especially when those alternatives can potentially save countless dollars. The goal of
this presentation is to demonstrate the level of excellence in much of the free software being created by the
open-sourced community today and how it can have a practical value in our university system functionally,
financially, and ideologically. Considering open-sourced technology comes from the mindset of an open sharing
of knowledge, advancement, and collaboration, its placement in a university infrastructure seems like the
perfect fit.
Perceptions and Personality Correlates of Attitudes Towards Friends with
Benefits Relationships
Stefan McNamara, Adriana Sanchez, Alicia Schimanski
This presentation reviews results from two studies. The first study investigated student attitudes regarding
Friends with Benefits relationships. The second study investigated personality correlates of both attitudes and
intentions regarding Friends with Benefits relationships.
Blind
Henry McNulty, Composer
Logan Stoodley, Filmmaker
Blind tells the story of Mary, a young war veteran recently returned from her last tour of duty. Blinded while on
deployment, Mary suffers debilitating Post Traumatic Stress and is unwilling to leave her home. One day, she is
left alone, and forced to take care of herself. Eventually Mary’s physical state soon forces her to confront her
mental anguish, as even the most mundane of events can become a challenge when one cannot see. The music
in Blind reflects Mary’s turbulent mental state as she struggles to cope with everyday life and her recurring
flashbacks. Blind was written and directed by Logan Stoodley, stars Hannah Heilman as Mary, and features
original music by Henry McNulty.
The Earthquake That Reformed Japan: The 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake
Elizabeth McNutt
Bill Youngs, History
The Great Kanto earthquake of 1923 was considered among the most destructive natural disaster ever recorded.
At 11:58am on September 1st, the 8.2 earthquake decimated an area known as the Kanto plain located on the
largest island, Honshu. Subsequently the earthquake spawned revolts against Korean Immigrants, blaming them
for lack of adequate water and fires following the earthquake. Political upheaval disrupted relations between the
United States and Japan, and internal resentment made itself present. The aftermath presented Japan with
widespread rubble. Rebuilding efforts were geared more towards restoring Japan’s prewar power status. The
Imperial Government took this time to turn Tokyo into a metropolis by reestablishing previous infrastructural
arrangements. It wasn’t until 1978, that Japan enacted the Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Act, which
put in place a response team and earthquake prediction machines. My paper will answer the question of: How
was the Great Kanto Earthquake a catalyst for social unrest and support, political upheaval and earthquake
countermeasures?
Post-Socialist Mongolia: Examining Socioeconomic Disparity in an Emerging
Democracy
Ashely McSpadden
Tom Hawley, Government
This presentation examines the Mongolian perception of an incongruity between the principles of democracy
and the emerging forms of political and economic disparity that develop within democracy. In the summer of
2011, a series of forty interviews were conducted among residents in central Mongolia. Two primary problems
with Western characterizations of Mongolia’s transition surfaced through these interviews. Even as they
expressed a preference for the liberal principles of the current system, Mongolians also expressed dissatisfaction
with unintended changes brought about by the transition to democracy and nostalgia for the egalitarianism of
the socialist period. By confronting the dissonance between the positive opportunities that democracy has
provided and the perceptions of negative effects the system has had on social relationships, a broader, more
critical understanding of the larger implications of various forms of democracy may be reached.
The Mirage
Seth Mead
Tom Mullin, Film
As a young man and his band mates anticipate their band’s big show, reveling in delusions of grandeur, the
pressures of expectation start to outweigh his excitement, and he begins to lose sight of the true reasons he
wants to express himself through music.
A Pathogen Is Attenuated to Its Native Host Following a Host-Shift
Arley Medrano
Luis Matos, Biology
We developed two Drosophila species and the sigma rhabdovirus as a model system for the evolution of
virulence. We tested the hypothesis that after shifting onto a novel host a pathogen becomes attenuated to its
native host. To this end we took D. melanogaster-evolved (native host) virus and D. simulans-evolved (novel
host) virus and introduced them into native females from each species. These flies were exposed to CO2 to
determine infection status (infected flies die upon exposure to the gas). Additionally, infection status and fitness
was measured as a proxy for virulence in the offspring of the artificially infected flies. The host shifted virus
was equally virulent in the native and novel hosts. However, the virus’ ability to infect the native host was
significantly lower than its ability to infect the novel host. These data indicate that the pathogen was attenuated
after spending 17 generations on the novel host, thus confirming our hypothesis.
Transitioning Journalism to an Online Medium: How The Easterner is
Developing Students into New Media Specialists
Amy Meyer, Grant Stancliff
The Easterner migrated from Campus Media Networks web hosting to EWU sites hosting with WordPress this
last summer. Now that the editors have become more comfortable with that content management system, the
student newsroom is taking steps to host themselves on an independent WordPress site. The oral presentation
will explore steps editors have taken to migrate from one site to the next, the features of the new website, what
editors thought mattered as opposed to what turned out to matter, and how and why WordPress was leveraged
as opposed to any other content management system. Editors will discuss the system behind breaking news
online prior to print, how they are setting reporters up for success, and how they keep a learning newsroom
learning.
Untitled
Erin Mielcarek
Chris Tyllia, Art
Untitled ceramic sculpture by Erin Mielcarek. Ceramic exploration of space and form.
A Monologue from William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Chelsey Miles
Sara Goff, Theatre
Helena delivers this monologue in act I scene 1 of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Left alone by her friend
Hermia, Helena mulls over the fickle nature of men and love. Her love interest Demetrius is in love with
Hermia, even after he claims that he could love only Helena. By the end of the scene, in the hopes of receiving
any kind of attention from him, Helena decides to inform Demetrius that Hermia is running away with
Lysander. This piece was originally performed in Jeff Sander’s Acting III class as part of a larger scene.
Optimization of a Modular High Speed Motion Tracking Pneumatic Robotic
System
John Milton, Tomas Armenta
Our team of engineering students and supporting professors from EWU are developing a novel high-speed
robotics system that uses pneumatic linear actuation. The robotic paddle system is assisted by four high-speed
cameras that can track a ping pong ball and actuate our paddles to play a game against a human opponent. Our
research covers high-speed motion tracking, object recognition optimization, and pneumatics. The modular
paddle system can be broken down into two components a rear and forward paddle. The rear paddle consists of
an air cylinder for forward motion and guide rods for stability. An electro-pneumatic transducer, which takes an
input signal to create a linearly proportional output pressure, is being implemented to control our air cylinders
enabling us to vary the velocities of the paddles. The forward paddle incorporates four servo motors that will be
used to create the desired angles to hit the ball back to an opponent.
Is There a Premium Earned by Professional NFL Players Due to Participation
in Certain NCAA Conferences?
John Mojica, Connor Cockle, Brandon Evans
Kelley Cullen, Economics
The research that is currently being done will try to evaluate whether there is a premium paid to NFL rookies
who come from certain conferences. Our research team has compiled data on quarterbacks drafted in the NFL
since 1998; some of the variables include salaries, draft position, passer rating, class standing, bonuses, team
payroll, and strength of schedule from the Colley rankings. With this data we will try to do an econometric
analysis on what the driving factors are for the starting salaries for NFL rookies are, which will help to evaluate
if there is a premium paid to athletes from certain conferences.
A Methodological Problem in the Study of the Evolution of Language: The
Question of the Loss of Laryngeal Air Sacs and Humanoid Vocal Anatomy
Heather Molvik
How is the evolution of language associated with the loss of laryngeal air sacs in humans? These air sacs seem
to serve a vocal function for non-human primates, so their disappearance within modern day humans is
puzzling. The first step in exploring this question is to develop a method for its investigation. The soft tissue of
vocal tract anatomy is lost to biodegradation; therefore, the presence of air sacs must be inferred from hyoid
skeletal evidence. To do this, one must unearth a proto-human hyoid and compare that to the scale of hyoids
within our evolutionary line. This would make apparent where in time the loss of air sacs occurred and when the
beginnings of modern speech anatomy possibly took place.
Get Lit!
Nathan Morales
For my symposium poster I decided to choose Eastern Washington University’s Get Lit! Program. This servicelearning project’s main goals are to engage members of the Inland Northwest community in a celebration of the
written word and to encourage discussion, at all age levels, of literature in its many forms. This project supports
the use of technology to produce professional documents such as festival flyers, posters, brochures, programs,
surveys and itineraries. My past design courses have given me the knowledge and skills with Adobe software
allowing me to create these marketing materials. The festival also requires the application of information design
principles for the production of documents needed to asses and respond to festival staff, authors, volunteers and
sponsors. Get Lit! has a significant community impact and is invested in enhancing the artistic, social and
cultural life of people throughout the region. Constructing a poster that displays the impact each event has on
the community should be an interesting, challenging and rewarding project.
I Am a Blowfish
Britta Moran
Tom Mullin, Film
Jesse Pinkman, from the television show Breaking Bad, is a character whose entire persona is a front he uses to
make himself seem more powerful than he really is. Using the metaphor of a blowfish, I will delve into the
differences between the meth industrialist and the person Jesse Pinkman really is beneath it all.
Animal Jackers
Mark Morrison, Composer
Krystal Alexander, Filmmaker
Directed by Krystal Alexander and composed by Mark Morrison, Animal Jackers follows the tale of two young
men (dressed in animal ears, establishing one as a Cat, and the other, a Mouse) who wish to enter a gang.
Before they can be initiated into the gang, the leader explains that one of the two would have to steal his
mother’s car in order to be permitted to enter the gang. A competition ensues as the two rivals rush to steal the
car. The soundtrack will capture the dark tension in the film.
Ancient Egypt and Free Will
Larkin Mullin
David Weise, Philosophy
I will discuss free will as manifested in the literature of Ancient Egypt comparing the ideas to those of David
Hume and Albert Camus. I will be drawing from The Shipwrecked Sailor, the first start I learned to translate
from hieroglyphics.
The Kimono in Modern Japan—Customs and Symbolic Meanings
Saki Murakami
The traditional Japanese kimono is often worn for the first time when women turn 20 in Japan, and they go to
the city hall to celebrate the coming of age ceremony with other 20-year-old Japanese women and men. The
cultural expectations regarding how and when to wear the kimono have not changed much in recent years,
though it is worn less often and is very expensive, especially when custom made. The kimono parts and
accessories are analyzed as well as the symbolic meaning for modern Japanese. In kabuki plays, for example,
the movement of the kimono sleeve may signify weeping in the woman wearing it as explained by Noel Burch.
By contrast, in Japanese literature, we may also see a dancer pull a cigarette out from inside her deep kimono
sleeve (Rimer & Gessel), which is deep like a pillowcase. Even today, the kimono signifies many things to
many people, and this is explored here.
Wind Machine Blade Length
Shannon Murphy, Rachel St. Amand
Through this investigation, we are going to explore and research the effects of wind machine blade length.
Additionally, we are going to create a model for this alternate energy source.
Teaching Self-Management Skills in the Prevention or Management of Risky
Behaviors
Holly-Ann Musgrave, Jessica Kauffman, Victoria Borgman
Charalambos Cleanthous, Counseling, Educational and Developmental Psychology
A preventative intervention was created to teach participants how to prevent or manage risky behaviors. The
intervention involves teaching both knowledge and practical skills. Students complete a pre- and postassessments of basic knowledge and attitudes about risky behavior. An anonymous weekly report form allows
students to track their actual behaviors. A self-observation diary allows each participant to intervene using the
skills from the course on their own behaviors.
Wall-E: A Tale of Love That Transcends Manufacturing
Christopher Neir
Pete Porter, Film
Our lives are structured, as if manufactured, deterring us from what it means to be human. In Wall-E (directed
by Andrew Stanton, 2008), two robots whose purpose is to abide to a certain set of instructions separate
themselves from what they are to obey and instead irrationally fall in love thereby defeating their life’s
programming. This comes full circle when we see Wall-E and EVE locking hands at the end of the movie. As I
explain in this short essay, Wall-E and one particular shot to me describes and expresses the overall message of
the film that love prevails and that the quest for a purpose is always changing and adapting to new and exciting
surroundings.
Inspiring the Future: A Proposal to Build and Supply
Kayla Newton
Per the requirement of my technical communications major, I enrolled in a proposal writing class, English 407.
The class was split into teams and partnered with different organizations in Cheney and Spokane. My team,
H.A.N.D. to Hand, collaborated with Mobius Kids to write a grant requesting $11,880 from the Community
Building Foundation. Mobius Kids is a Northwest Institution that strives to bring motivation and interest to all
genres of education, especially in the areas of science, art, and culture. The grant we wrote proposed a threestep plan addressing the educational disparity between Title 1 and high-income schools. With the help of Kyle
West, the Development Manager, my team and I learned how to research multiple databases for potential
funders; locate state data to prove the existence of the academic disparity; calculate a prospective budget that
addressed all the needs of our client; and were introduced to the grant review process utilized by organizations
accepting applications.
The Treatment of a 21-Year-Old Female Volleyball Athlete with L5-S1
Stenosis Using Primal Reflex Release Technique
Jamie Nikander, Kaiti Bolles, Jenny Ach, Asiya Akhgar
Spinal Stenosis is the narrowing of the space between the vertebral column or between the vertebrae through
which nerve tissue passes. This condition can be caused by injury or genetics. In the current study, the patient
presented with severe low back pain that was aggravated by excessive diving, trunk flexion, and menstruation.
MRI results showed a posterior disc protrusion causing mild right foraminal stenosis in the L5-S1 region. Initial
rehabilitation included stretching, muscle strengthening and exercises to stabilize the Sacroiliac joint. When
minimal improvement was seen, Primal Reflex Release Technique (PRRT) was prescribed. The patient received
PRRT bi-weekly in addition to traditional rehabilitation. Assessment of hip flexor strength and pain reduction
was used to measure progress.
What’s in a Name? Peaceful Valley Community Center
Amber O’Connor
The Technical Communication degree at EWU encompasses a range of skill sets from composition to design
and public relations. A three-course survey of Public Relations theory and practice is built into the degree. In
one of these courses I had the opportunity to work with the Peaceful Valley Community Center (PVCC) that
serves much of Spokane’s Lower West side through food and clothing banks, youth centers, and educational
outreaches. Community need outgrew available resources, and plans were made to expand the facility
increasing the center’s capabilities. The problem: No one knew who they were and, even worse, their name and
connection to what many consider a seedy part of Spokane damaged credibility. Our team created a media
presentation and brochure for the community center with the goal of educating the public about the PVCC, the
good works they do for the community and their need for additional resources and support. This poster explores
the importance of branding, reputations and effective public relations practices.
Tea Ceremony, One of the Three Traditional Japanese Arts
Mao Ogura
This presentation traces the history of Japanese tea ceremony, explains when Japanese have a tea ceremony, and
what the lessons are. Sennorikyu started the tea ceremony, and there are particular kinds of green tea (matcha),
tools, foods, flowers, and customs associated with the ceremony. Chagashi-cakes, have symbolic meaning, as
do the flower arrangement in the room and hanging scrolls on the wall. Each movement is practiced carefully
and perfected by the student. The ceremony is not only about tea, but also about beauty and harmony. There is a
theory of “once-in-a-lifetime” when tea ceremony makes a point of meeting others. Seven elements of the
ceremony will be explained. Slide show of a tea house, utensils, and room is offered.
“General William Booth Enters into Heaven” and the Re-envisioning of Poetic
Style Through “Are You Washed in the Blood?”
Kurt Olson
As a cross-genre piece, Vachel Lindsay’s poem “General William Booth Enters into Heaven” holds a place in
both literature and music. Lindsay’s incorporation of the musical elements of Elisha Hoffman’s hymn “Are You
Washed in the Blood?” allows for a new interpretation of the accentual-syllabic structure of American poetry.
By setting the accentuated syllables of the poem in relation to the quarter- and eighth-note stresses of the hymn,
Lindsay re-imagines the traditional stress pattern of the English language. In this re-imagining of traditional
English stress patterns, Lindsay is able portray images of both the macabre and the glory of the Christian
heaven simultaneously. This borrowing from another medium allows artists, such as Lindsay, to create a truly
original work that cannot be conveyed through the use of one medium.
RustyNachtmahr
Erin Pallai
These altered My Little Pony sculptures are about rejecting stereotypical gender roles and gender-biased toys.
They’ve been turned into darker and grittier toys while still retaining some vestiges of the “girls only” toys they
used to be.
3D Character Animation and Design
Joseph Pallaria III
Brian Kamp, Computer Science
The world of 3D Graphics is an ever-expanding market, covering a wide array of mediums including movies,
video games, and animated shorts. My research presents the workflow of specific sector of 3D graphics that
involves character modeling, rigging, and animation. I created a custom 3D model that I connected to a virtual
bone system, or “rig,” which simulates the anatomical bone structure of the human body. By connecting a 3D
character to this bone system, I was able to create life-like movement the way a real human would be able to
move.
Susto from a Medical Anthropological Perspective
Anne Parsons
Susto is a culturally derived illness found among Latino populations in the United States as well as in Latin
America. Translated it means “sudden fear” or “fright” in Spanish. It is associated with the fear of losing one’s
soul and can be brought about by a variety of events such as tripping over an unnoticed object or being socially
impinged upon by society. Symptoms include restlessness during sleep, listlessness while awake, and general
lack of appetite and interest in personal appearance. Healing of this illness is traditionally done through a
currandero, or Mexican folk healer. Western trained physicians tend to diagnose these symptoms as excessive
emotional stress or even clinical depression. For my presentation, I am comparing traditional treatment of susto
with that of a westernized treatment and discussing disconnects which have arisen.
Study, Part I
Matthew Parsons, William Sinclair
is of great value for planners to understand the dynamics of the CBD. Part I describes the model and focuses on
density measured by building height.
Kempe and Kundalini: Literature, Spirituality, and Psychology
Brady Peneton
The affective spiritual experiences of Margery Kempe (ca. 1373-1438), narrated in The Book of Margery
Kempe, parallel contemporary and historical accounts of Kundalini awakenings, as yogis of the traditions call
them. In the west, the array of symptoms associated with awakenings are called Kundalini syndrome or Physiokundalini syndrome, though the terms are normally not familiar to or used by most practitioners of Western
medicine, nor is it a popularly recognized condition. Early stages of awakenings are characterized by intense
feelings of burning and warmth, and, if not fully realized or calmed, an awakening may lead into depression or
eventual insanity. Literature covered may include: The Book of Margery Kempe, Silburn’s Kundalini: The
Energy of the Depths, Clarke’s Psychosis and Spirituality: Exploring the New Frontier, Kundalini: Evolution
and Enlightenment, etc.
The Columbia River
Marshall Peone
The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest of Canada and the United States. The river has
a vast drainage area of 259,000 square-miles that covers multiple U.S. States and one Canadian Province, and
serves as an important resource to the people who live here. The river is used for transportation, recreation,
irrigation, hydroelectric dams and more. There are 13 major dams along the Columbia River. One of them is the
Grand Coulee Dam, which holds on average 4,084,000 million acre-feet of water. This body of water is known
as Lake Roosevelt, which is used for the purposes listed above. Lake Roosevelt, at maximum, can hold over
9,000,000 acre-feet of water. Drought or climate change would impact the river greatly. Loss of water for
irrigation would cause crops to fail, and hydroelectricity would be in short supply. The change of water levels
can be seen changing drastically during the summer months when Lake Roosevelt and the Columbia River
receive much less rain fall than during the winter months. A drought could change this even more.
Gratitude Toward God: An Exploration of Religiosity, Gratitude and
Happiness
Andrew Pereira
The purpose of this study was to explore one explanation for why religious people have been found to be
happier. Given that gratitude has been shown to be an important aspect of psychological well-being, we
theorized that an individual’s gratefulness towards God should mediate their happiness due to an increased
opportunity for grateful expression as well by as creating a larger pool of positive events stemming from
external forces. We expected this to manifest in the form of a participant memory bias as well as significant
contributions to well-being after accounting for their trait gratitude. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the
self-reported religiosity, well-being variables, and recalled significant events that took place in the past month
of 133 college students. The results from this study indicate that gratefulness towards God has a moderate
relationship with positive memory bias but might be interdependent with general gratefulness in relation to
happiness.
Listen Through Me
Matt Peters, Composer
Jake Moe, Filmmaker
Listen Through Me is a slow-paced, psychological drama about a man, Nick (Shay Smith), who suspects his
longtime girlfriend Kali (Taelor Biotti) of seeing another man. We come into the story seeing Nick and Kali
having little chemistry, which begs the question “Why are they even together?” Obviously Nick suspects that
the relationship is dwindling, however his overall personality traits (drinking heavily and lack of emotional
expression) limit his control in saving it. The music reflects the dark emotion of the film and conveys the
character’s feelings.
Red Solo Cup
Ty Pfundheller, Michael Gerety, Co-Composers
Cierra Castleberry, Filmmaker
Red Solo Cup is a short narrative film by Cierra Castleberry, composed by Ty Pfundheller and Michael Gerety.
The film is about a young college woman, Lucy, who is the odd man out with her roommates. She is a doormat
for her roommates in order to gain acceptance. Eventually takes a stand by announcing that she will be
attending a party with them. Once at the party Lucy finds herself abandoned by her roommates. She catches the
attention of a young man at the party; he approaches her. At first she is skeptical, but eventually warms up to
him. After some time and many drinks she excuses herself to the restroom, while she is gone he slips something
into her drink. She returns and they begin their conversation again until she starts to feel the effects of the drug,
at which point he leads her away from the crowd. The next morning Lucy wakes up in her bed with her
roommates rushing in and explaining that she was roofied. The music for this film helps create a party
atmosphere while expressing an underlying mood that is both tense and naive.
The Spiritual Profile of a Grateful Person
Stanislav Pichinevskiy, Cody Jensen, Sheila Suominen, David Ortiz, Jens Uhder
Research has demonstrated that grateful individuals experience many positive advantages in life similar to
religion. However, little research has investigated how spirituality might impact gratitude. In our study of 168
participants, we investigated the spiritual profile of grateful people. We measured gratitude using the GQ6 and
GRAT scales and compared them with the GTG, Spiritual Transcendence Scale, AGI, and Intrinsic and
Extrinsic Religiosity. We found that grateful individuals tended to be high on Spiritual Transcendence,
especially in the realm of prayer fulfillment and universality. These individuals showed higher gratitude
towards God and secure attachment to God. The spiritual well-being of grateful people was particularly high.
Previous research has demonstrated that gratitude contributes to well-being. We contend that spirituality and
religiosity play a significant role in the lives of grateful individuals.
Development of a Novel LC/MS/MS Extraction Assay for Galanthamine in
Guinea Pig Plasma and Its Application to Nerve Agent Countermeasures
Ioannis Pikalov
Wes Steiner, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Galanthamine (GAL) is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is currently being studied in the role as a
countermeasure for the treatment of organophoshorus (OP) nerve agents induced lethality in guinea pigs and
humans. It has been shown that a single dose of GAL can safely counteract toxicity of lethal dose of OP
compounds in guinea pigs. To that end a sample preparation extraction method analysis assay has been
developed to enable future high-throughput, reproducible, and sensitive assays to quantitate GAL in guinea pig
plasma. Samples were prepared with diphenhydramine internal standard in a simple one-step extraction using
trichloromethane. The extracts were then analyzed with a chromatographic column interfaced to a triple
quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). Overall extraction method development proved to be acceptable
and rugged.
Lake Roosevelt, Lake Whatcom and Wild Stock Fecundity-Length-Weight
Comparison in Oncorhynchus nerka
Kristina Pikalova, Alix Blake
Allan Scholz, Biology
The study objective was to determine the potential number of eggs collected from returning hatchery kokanee
salmon in Lake Roosevelt. Three stocks were examined: Lake Whatcom, Lake Roosevelt, and wild (nonmarked) kokanee. This study focused on the relationship between fecundity and fish’s total length (mm). Linear
regressions were performed using fish length as the independent variable and fecundity as the dependent
variable. All the regression were significant for the three stocks: Lake Roosevelt: y=13.43x-3760.6 (r2 =
0.8690, P <0.001), Whatcom: y=7.5691x-1655.6 (r2 = 0.6808, P <0.001), Wild: y=11.705x-3741.9 (r2 =
0.7174, P <0.001). We determined total potential egg count was 188,454 (Lake Roosevelt: 79,125, Lake
Whatcom: 26,424, Wild: 82,906). Of the 188,454 eggs potential collected 59,228 (31.4%) of those were at
Hawk Creek, in turn 129,236 (68.6%) strayed to other locations within the reservoir.
Sigma Virus Genetics Unaffected by Argon Gas Exposure
Vera Pikalova
Luis Matos, Biology
Carbon dioxide is an anesthetic for Drosophila melanogaster. However, CO2 is lethal to flies infected with the
sigma rhabdovirus. Flies infected with the sigma virus typically are anesthetized using ice. Ice anesthesia is
problematic because it is slow and flies drown as the ice melts. Conversely, argon gas anesthesia does not kill
infected flies or affect their fitness when used for ten generations. Here I test the hypothesis that the argon gas
anesthesia did not alter the virus’ genetics over the ten-generation period. To test this hypothesis, RNA was
extracted from infected flies, segments of the virus’ genome were reverse transcribed, amplified by the
polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Sequencing results showed no significant differences between the
genetic sequences of the sigma virus of D. melanogaster anesthetized with argon or ice for 10 D. melanogaster
generations. Thus, argon gas appears to be a suitable anesthetic for sigma-infected D. melanogaster.
Refugees, Migration, and Security: An Overview of the Migration of Afghan
Refugees and Its Reception in the United States and Pakistan
Ashley Podplesky
Many believe the migration of refugees from their home country to their host country is reducing the sense of
security in the host country for various, often xenophobic, reasons. This paper discusses the issue locally,
nationally, regionally, and globally. I first described the experiences of an Afghan woman who resettled in
Spokane, then looked at the views of the Democratic and Republican National Parties. At the regional level I
analyzed the statements and actions made by the United States and Pakistan, and then completed a literature
review to summarize the opinions of scholars with differing views. After considering the evidence it is my
opinion that the migration of Afghan refugees is not a threat to national security, and that it is actually the
international arena that is threatening refugees, as its lack of action is preventing members of the refugee
population from receiving and enjoying basic human rights.
The Beer Bottling Robot
Brandt Porter, Jared Schiff, Paul Brockmann, Caleb Mazzola, Kyle Murray
Donald Richter, Engineering and Design
Winter quarter 2012 we were required to work in groups in our robotics class and come up with a working
industrial robot system using a FANUC Articulated Robot. Our group of 5 includes: Kyle, Brandt, Paul, Caleb
and Jared who are all aspiring Mechanical Engineers. After a brainstorm session, we all agreed upon a system
where for our robot to perform, bottling beer. Larger beer companies use full automation, so our system was
geared towards the smaller microbrew companies and is adaptable to the size of the bottle or the batch of beer.
The process includes delivering bottles, simulating cleaning and sanitization, filling the bottles, placing a cap,
securing the cap and then sending the bottle on to be packaged. All of this is done with one robot programmed
to repeat the process without failure 6 times. Each step required teamwork and synchronization in order for our
goal to be attained. The project was successful after approximately a month of work, and a 50-page essay was
written describing everything in detail. Our presentation involves a 5-minute video of the robot in action.
Balance Performance Differences Between Older Men and Women Using Four
Outcome Measures
Kyle Prescott
Kimberly Cleary, Physical Therapy
Falls impose significant health problems for many aged persons, with more than 1 in 3 adults experiencing a fall
annually. Identifying those at risk for falling is an important first step toward preventing falls among older
adults. Previous studies suggest that there may be gender differences in balance confidence and fall incidence,
with some disagreement on the latter. This study presents and compares the balance performance scores of 14
men and 36 women from a senior living community aged 65 years and older (x=83.6 years). Four wellestablished balance performance outcome measures were used in this study: Berg Balance Scale, Tinneti, Four
Square Step Test, and Timed Up and Go.
Of towers and things...
Matthew Preston
Chris Tyllia, Art
Work is a ceramic sculpture conveying the difficulties of the creative process.
Study, Part III
Aaron Qualls, Bryan Esmeralda, Kate Cornwall, Jasmine Maxey
is of great value for planners to understand the dynamics of the CBD. Part III delimitates the CBD using
standard land use and density from the model to identify which blocks are contiguous to the CBD.
A Disparity of Funding: Indian Reservation Roads Maintenance
Sherwin Racehorse
Long-term inadequate maintenance funding for the Indian Reservation Roads program has resulted in a national
problem of dilapidated Indian roads. A growing number of “crumbling” roadways exist, including an escalating
backlog of reconstruct and pave road projects, resulting in a national highway safety problem on Indian
Reservations. Increased maintenance appropriations through the Department of Interior to the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, must occur to improve Reservation roads and to protect human lives. The scope of this research project
is to determine the history of appropriations for IRR maintenance, analyze overall conditions of Reservation
roadways, research BIA policies, evaluate and compare State versus Federal/Tribal appropriations, and identify
recent changes to the Surface Transportation programs and Regulations impacting the IRR maintenance
program. This academic research project proposes to evaluate the critical issues of the IRR maintenance
program, providing strategic alternatives and a preferred alternative for Federal and Tribal decisions leading to
implementation.
History of Spokane Parks: Part of the Spokane Historical Project
Tracy Rebstock
Larry Cebula, History
The history of Spokane’s parks starts in 1891 and runs through the present. This history includes an amusement
park, a hippie camp, natural springs, Mount Spokane, Riverside Park, Manito Zoo, and the Washington Motion
Picture Company. In 1913 Spokane had more green space per capita than Portland, OR. How has the green
space faired during its history, how have parks changed, and what is left of this history for those visiting these
parks today? Through research, Spokane’s rich history has been uncovered and made available through the
Android and iPhone for Spokane visitors and residents to enjoy.
A Study of the CIA Clinic Security Guidelines
Lynne Reeder, Molly Yin, April May
Atsushi Inoue, Health Services Administration
The three fields of computer security, information security, and information assurance have three main issues:
protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility of information—these concepts are also known as
CIA. We have developed security guidelines for a mock medical clinic based on the ISO 27002 standards by
creating two different security policies. The first is the CIA Clinic Security Policy for Patient Data Access on
Personal Computers and Devices. This agreement covers the requirements and responsibilities of providers
accessing patient data while inside and outside the office for the purpose of treatment. We also created the CIA
Clinic Policy for Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Maintenance. This lists the steps that the
CIA Clinic will take when dealing with the acquisition, development and maintenance of information systems
in order to ensure that future development continues to meet and exceed the strength of protection in previous
systems.
Disaster: Lessons from the Past for Disaster Recovery in the Present
Ian Reeves
The closeness of our global community means that disasters affect all of us. This means that we have the
responsibility to come to a better understanding of disasters and how to respond to them. The fire disaster that
struck Spokane in 1889 is a perfect opportunity to do just that. Although the community was gutted by the fire,
Spokane was able to rebound from the disaster with amazing resilience. What are the factors that contributed to
such a positive recovery, and how might we apply the lesson from this disaster to better respond to others?
Being-in-the-World
Nita Rektor
Since the inception of the science of marketing, marketing theory implemented through advertising has become
the most efficient means by which information is communicated to the masses. A continuous stream of the
expectations and demands of facticity (i.e. being-with-others) bombard every individual incessantly in an
attempt to sell products, ideas, or philosophies. Previously limited by the technology available, the means
utilized to persuade the individual seems inexhaustible. Unrelenting tweets, downloads, and text messages
saturate each of us in an ever-pressing weight of need, desire, and judgment. Consequently, marketing theory
and thereby advertising permeate our very way of ‘being-in-the-world’ by defining our behaviors and desires
through the use of symbols and logos intended to penetrate the very essence of ‘being human.’ This incessant
saturation intentionally limits the freedom and the possibilities of the individual ‘existential being’ thereby
altering the very essence of ‘being human’ as a means of control and profit-making.
Discriminated Rebel? The Effects of Discrimination on Reactance
Tyson Rice, Katie Higgins
Psychological reactance is a phenomenon wherein a person experiences a negative emotional reaction to outside
pressures to conform. We predicted that being discriminated against may cause a psychological reactance
response. College student participants were asked to recall an experience where they were personally
discriminated against, or an experience of witnessing a member of a different group be discriminated against. It
was hypothesized that the participants would experience the most state reactance in the condition in which they
were personally discriminated against.
Code-Meshing Pedegogy: A Rhetorical Focus
April Ridgeway
Justin Young, English
Within the multicultural and multilingual face of modern academia, it is generally accepted that individual
students’ ideologies, backgrounds, and linguistic experiences need to be acknowledged as important
contributors to the meaning making process. Specifically, a new lens has been focused on pluralistic linguistic
expression in student writing via code-meshing. With this new focus on enfranchising student voice by meshing
different languages, codes, genres, and registers within a document, there arises a need to examine pedagogical
best practices in regards to code-meshing within the classroom. This presentation will review the historical
approaches to language differences in composition, delineate the differences between code-meshing and the
earlier practice of code-switching, and present a rudimentary taxonomy for teaching deliberate code-meshing
based on a rhetorical analysis of a code-meshed primary text.
Rhetoric of the Disaster Genre
Daniel Roemer
For my paper, I looked at the three films Independence Day, Dante’s Peak, and 2012 through the lens of both
genre and dramatistic criticism. Through genre criticism, I sought to find similar patterns within the three films
and then looked specifically at what these similarities said about the genre of film. I discovered similarities such
as the conspiracy theorist archetype, the overly logical and often cold-hearted adversary to the hero, the hero’s
search love, and government as the savior of mankind. I observed these films through Kenneth Burke’s
dramatistic theory. I look at his concepts to describe Bill Pullman’s character in Independence Day as he speaks
to unite the world to defeat an enemy. I examine how disaster films pacify the viewer and make us believe
government will step in and save us. It paints the picture of government as a beatific functionary akin to a fairy
godmother in a fantasy story. I conclude by arguing it as pivotal to internalize the difference between our reality
and the media’s version of reality.
Ideology in A History of Violence
John Rogers
Pete Porter, Film
A History of Violence (Cronenberg, 2005) supports the dominant ideology, according to the film theory of
Robin Wood because of ideologies related to "capitalism, the work ethic, marriage, nature as agrarianism, the
rosebud syndrome, the ideal male, the ideal female, and the shadow male."
Modeling the Caucus Effect at the County Level: Jesse Jackson and South
Carolina in the 1988 Presidential Primaries
Ryne Rohla
Kevin Pirch, Government
Study of the electoral mechanics behind presidential nominee selection remains an underdeveloped field in the
literature, despite its large importance on American politics. Most studies focus on polling or macro-level
choice determinants, while those addressing the coalitions and voting patterns for candidates often stay at the
state level. Differences in support patterns for candidates between primaries and caucuses require a deeper level
of analysis than such studies provide. Using a regression analysis of county-level voting and demographic data,
the dynamics behind support for Jesse Jackson’s candidacy in the 1988 South Carolina caucus are compared to
those in the North Carolina and Alabama primaries. Results indicate that the caucus process had several key
effects on Jackson’s support: 1) it partially broke down the connection with racial factors driving the patterns in
NC and AL, 2) it shifted influence to wealthier black voters with advanced education, 3) it decreased the
importance of dense population centers, and 4) it decreased the base support level for Jackson.
Human Powered Paper Vehicle—by The Recyclers
Frederick Rollins, Tonya Gaddy, Joseph Cluever, Daryl Smith, Cody Gary
Our team developed a two-wheel type cycle design that would emulate all the features of an angled axis bicycle
with side supports for EWU’s Human Powered Paper Vehicle (HPPV) competition. We chose this particular
design because upon viewing and reviewing previous HPPV designs, we determined the bicycle design had the
best results. Properly developing a paper bicycle in accordance with HPPV weight and density rules was a
challenging feat. Our team had to go back to the drawing board on many aspects of our vehicle, from overall
design, to material that could be used. Our competition bicycle is composed of corrugated cardboard sheets
acting as the main frame for the bike and as side supports for the back wheel. For the front axle, we chose a fork
design with a manual force activated brake and inserted rubber balls to act as suspension. We believe our
bicycle is designed for the ramps, turns, and differences in weight; challenges that will be associated with the
upcoming competition. Our overall desire for this particular design is to use it to carry us to victory in this
competition.
Animal-Assisted Therapy with Children in Grief: Implications for
Occupational Therapy
Robin Rowland, Kelsey Vanderhoof, Taci VanLeuven, Kelsie Kilpatrick, Jennifer Williams, Alyse
Kolstad
Elizabeth Kohler, Occupational Therapy
Diane Norell, Occupational Therapy
This was a 6-week long qualitative study with a phenomenological design. Events and subjective experiences of
children, adolescents, bereavement counselors and therapy dog handlers were described following the first-time
inclusion of dog teams in a hospice grief workshop. Researchers obtained data through direct observation,
journals and semi-structured interviews with the children, bereavement counselors and therapy dog handlers.
The researchers identified three taxonomies with reoccurring themes. The identified taxonomies included the
events and experiences of children, counselors and dog teams. The recurrent themes were identified as
interacting with the dog, subjective emotional experiences and the dog’s capacity to initiate communication and
facilitate relationships. Conclusions extracted from the themes provide implications for future grief workshops
and occupational therapy practice. Findings suggest that dogs used as a modality during grief workshops are
beneficial in a variety of ways, including facilitating the therapeutic relationship between children and
counselors.
Impact of a Girl’s Relationship with Her Father During Her Childhood on Her
Choice of Intimate Partners in Her Adult Life
Liliya Rudneva
Dorothy Munson, Counseling, Educational and Developmental Psychology
In an effort to understand intimate partner violence, research has mainly focused on the effects of witnessing or
experiencing parental abuse in childhood. In the literature this is the most accepted explanation for transmission
of violence to the next generation. There has been less attention given to the effects of a girl’s relationship with
her father in childhood and the subsequent impact on her choice of intimate partners later in life. Over the past
three decades, research has revealed several trends that have been identified concerning the effects of unhealthy
paternal relations with daughters. These include daughters’ development of impulsive aggressive personality
styles, accepting attitudes toward aggression, learned gender and sex roles, and inadequate communication
patterns. The purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to more fully explore and identify factors that
are essential to understanding this socially and developmentally significant topic.
International Standard for Technology in Teaching E-Portfolio
Jason Sanger
The purpose of this portfolio is to present various created artifacts that align with the National Educational
Technology Standards (NETS) for teachers. Each artifact demonstrates various uses of educational technology,
ranging from web 2.0 tools to stand-alone computer programs that enhance the learning experience. Technology
integration into the curriculum has become an important factor in reaching the learners of the Digital Native
generation, along with their adult counterparts. Teachers and instructors have access to a multitude of
technology tools that can be used to supplement instruction. Educational technology is a wonderful set of tools
for instructors to possess, but should not replace them by any means.
Thrill Me: The Leopold & Loeb Story, Scene 1
Justin Schlabach, Blaine Nicholls, Cody Bray
Sara Goff, Theatre
Jeffrey Sanders, Theatre
This scene is located in the musical Thrill Me: The Leopold & Loeb Story by Stephen Dolginoff. The play is an
exploration of the relationship between Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb, the Chicago “Thrill Killers” of
1924. I am directing the play in its entirety for my Senior Capstone Project. This scene is the first scene in the
play offering a good introduction to the story by giving a hint of the past relationship between the two
characters as well as anticipation for how the relationship will continue to evolve in the play.
Irene Ryan Scenes for the American College Theatre Festival
Justin Schlabach, Christopher Rounsville
Sara Goff, Theatre
These scenes are ones my acting partner, Christopher Rounsville, and I performed at the American College
Theatre Festival in February. They were for the Irene Ryan’s Acting Competition from which I was nominated
because of my performance in EWU Theatre’s production of The Things They Carried. We perform a total of
three scenes from three different plays: Never the Sinner by John Logan, The Portrait of the Virgin Mary
Feeding the Dinosaurs by Jeff Goode, and The Rivals by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. All the scenes are
performed in quick succession.
Audition Package from Theatre 412 (Acting: The Profession)
Justin Schlabach, Christopher Rounsville
This is an audition package that was created for the class Theatre 412 (Acting: The Profession). It consists of
two monologues: one from Corpus Christi by Terrence McNally and the other from A Very Common Procedure
by Courtney Baron. The purpose of this package is to use it to present at auditions when I begin my search for
professional work after I graduate.
Globalizations and The State
Austin Schlief
Majid Sharifi, International Affairs
The obsessive media coverage of the Arab Spring phenomenon has documented the political turmoil that has
spread across the Middle East recently. Bahrain, however, is a country that has experienced such political
insecurity since its independence. Bahrain illustrates at least three concepts that illustrate globalizations effects
on the international system. These concepts include globalization’s weakening of the state, intensification of
societal disjuncture, and the igniting of the searches for imagined communities by groups resistant to
globalization’s effects. This poses a threat to human security, particularly political security. In order to
understand this threat, recognition must be given to the new realities of the current world system along with
acknowledgment to changes that require a reevaluation of international relations theories and thus new thinking
in foreign policy-making in order to prepare with coming conflicts.
Camcorder Manuals
Carl Schmidt
As a technical communications major, I completed a 200-hour internship with the Multimedia Activities
Resource Services (MARS) lab. One of the tasks given to me by my supervisor, Lance Walker, was to create a
user manual for the digital camcorders available for checkout at JFK Library. The primary objective of creating
a manual was to supply the students and faculty with a resource for converting the .MTS video file type into a
more usable .MP4 file. The project consisted of researching camcorder functions and procedures, writing
procedures for an EWU student/faculty audience, designing a manual to JFK Library specifications, testing the
usability of the revised manual, and printing copies of the manual to JFK Library specifications. The checkout
desk at JFK Library requested 22 black and white manuals, and two color manuals. A black and white copy
would be included in each of the camera bags plus there would be additional replacement copies. The two color
manuals would be kept for reference at the checkout desk.
Toxicity of Zinc to Freshwater Clams
Cody Schoonover, Jessica Wieker
We harvested freshwater clam (Sphaerium) populations at an unpolluted site (Turnbull National Wildlife
Refuge, TNWR) and measured the effects of heavy metal exposure on clams. Clams were collected year-round
in lotic and lentic habitats and found on sandy substrates and aquatic vegetation. These clams internally brood
their young and release shelled juveniles; clams containing brood were found year-round. The number of larvae
per brood was positively related to adult shell size. Clams (n = 20) were exposed to dissolved zinc ranging from
25-1000 ug/L. Time to 100% mortality for clams was negatively related to zinc dose (Spearman’s rank
correlation, rs=-0.803, p<0.05). Locomotion, brood ejection, siphon extension, and valve gaping also followed
dose-response patterns. These results indicate that clams from TNWR consistently brood and are susceptible to
zinc, suggesting that we can study the effects of heavy metal pollution on clam reproduction in this population.
Microbial Stream Ecology of Latah Creek Watershed, WA
Cristine Schucker
Camille McNeely, Biology
In aquatic systems, microbes provide decomposition and recycling of nutrients, and contribute to food webs.
Previous studies have shown that microbes are affected by environmental factors which alter their community
structures, distribution and abundance. High nitrogen (N) concentration can be detrimental to ecosystems, and
strong correlations have been observed between NH4+ levels and the distributions and abundance of N cycling
microbes. Streams and rivers are important pathways for N in all forms and understanding how microbes vary
in response to N additions is vital. The Latah Creek watershed in WA drains urban, forested and agricultural
land. Agriculture has been shown to contribute excess N into streams. I have sampled sediment from tributary
streams of Latah Creek with varying levels of agriculture in their drainages, and I will use molecular techniques
to assess microbial community compositions and quantify nitrification gene abundance. I predict that the overall
diversity will decrease while nitrification gene abundance will increase with increasing agricultural land use.
Hatshepsut: The Woman Who Became Pharaoh
Jessica Schwartz
Laura Phillips, History
This paper discusses the female pharaoh Hatshepsut and how she legitimized her right to the throne by
conforming to, and slightly altering, the customs of male rulers in ancient Egypt. Hatshepsut was a ruler of the
illustrious Eighteenth Dynasty; her reign has been dated between 1479-1458 BCE. Roughly twenty years on the
throne was a major feat for any pharaoh. Even more impressive is that as a woman, in the Egyptian custom of
her time, Hatshepsut should not have been able to be pharaoh in her own right, when the throne was already
occupied by a male heir. This paper will show that although Hatshepsut was depicted as a man, she never once
concealed the fact she was a woman ruler. She went to great lengths to establish her right to the throne as the
daughter and heir of Thutmose I, had created a false history of her co-regency with her father, and depicted her
divine birth as a king, which established her kingly link to the god Amun who was the mythological father of all
pharaohs.
The Supposed Other: The Orientalization of Women of Color
Kadija Sesay
Putting feminist theory and philosophy together allows for a critical view of the ontological depiction of women
of color. The research methodology utilized for this project is analyzed from a post-positivist and post-colonist
perspective. The purpose of this collaboration is to further address the manner in which Orientalism and
hegemony are utilized to further subjugate women of color specifically. The othered body of women of color is
perceived to be a lack of the male and thus devalued. Elements of Western society that perpetuate this
equivocation further undermine the role and ability of women of color within the framework of patriarchy. By
exhibiting how Western expansion, imperialism and colonialism continue to devalue and denigrate women of
color, one is able to transcend their subjugated state of being and knowing. “I’m a victim brother. I’m a victim
of 400 years of conditioning. The man has programmed my conditioning. Even my conditioning has been
conditioned!”– Chameleon Street
Are Individuals More Positively Biased Toward Themselves or Their
Relationship Partners?
Nicole Sestrap, Shannon Shiells
Previous research illustrates individuals’ motivations towards self-enhancement and relationship partnerenhancement, but has not compared the relative strength of those motivations. Our research sought to examine
which motivation is stronger by seeing whether people view themselves or their relationship partner more
favorably when pressed to compare. Participants were 62 Eastern Washington University students currently in a
relationship. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires that contained a list of positive and negative
personality traits. They rated the traits on a scale from 1 (My partner possesses this trait more) to 7 (I possess
this trait more), with 4 referring to equal trait possession. Results indicated a tendency to view oneself in a
more positive light than one’s own partner with regard to positive, but not negative, personality traits.
Athletic Training Around the World
Heather Sevier, Elizabeth Reinstien, Yoshi Tsumekawa, Jennifer Dawson, Katelyn Hill, Hiro Mikami
Sport is a phenomenon that is continuing to grow around the world. Our research focus was to identify how
medical professionals are trained and credentialed, and what they consider to be their best evaluation and
treatment techniques throughout the world. This data is important because it is necessary to have a better
cultural perspective of the profession. The underlying questions are: What is it like to work as an “athletic
trainer” in other countries, and how can an athletic trainer from the United States prepare themselves for taking
care of their athletes in foreign countries?
Irene versus Aspasia: Competing World Views in Samuel Johnson’s Irene
Andrew Seymore
Matthew Binney, English
Much has been said about Samuel Johnson and his works, yet his only play, Irene, has received relatively little
critical attention. The majority of Irene’s critics argue that Aspasia is the heroine of Johnson’s play. These
critics use this argument to make claims about Johnson’s life as well as to make claims about the state of
eighteenth-century drama and politics. In my essay, I seek to examine only the play itself in order to clarify the
claims that can be made about Johnson’s life and times. Specifically, I will argue that Irene is the true heroine of
Johnson’s play, because the play is too general to be politicized.
American Red Cross Grant
Jessica Shipp
In pursuing my bachelor’s degree in technical communication, I was enrolled in grant writing. Grant writing is
an important part of technical communication. For our service-learning project my team and I partnered with
the American Red Cross of the Inland Northwest to write a grant and find a source to further fund their
Reconnection Workshops. The American Red Cross provides these workshops to help returning veterans
integrate back into the community. The funding would be used for advertisements to broaden the reach of the
workshops along with providing incentives for couples that attend. Our group compiled and produced this grant
for the American Red Cross after meeting with their director and interviewing their leader in the service to the
Armed Forces. Skills I learned throughout the grant writing process include interviewing, how to work with a
client, researching available funding sources in multiple databases, compiling statistics and creating visuals to
demonstrate our findings. I believe these are valuable skills that I will be able to apply to numerous jobs in the
workforce.
To Brand or Not To Brand
Ethan Silvieus
The object of this study was to determine if brand logos/labels have an influence on consumers’ taste
preferences. A total of seventy-six undergraduate students of Eastern Washington University took part in a
within-subject factorial design study that involved tasting a flavor of cola that was poured from three differently
labeled cola bottles. In fact all the colas were a generic store brand cola. Participants rated the colas in terms of
sweetness, after-taste, and liking of the cola. “Pepsi” was rated as the favorite (48%) followed by “Coke”
(38.7%) and then Western Family (13.3%). Colas also differed significantly in terms of sweetness and aftertaste. The results of the study supported the hypothesis that brand logos/labels do have an influence on
consumer perception.
Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on Blood Pressure and the Renin Aldosterone
System in Rats
Abrar Sindi
Karen Carlberg, Biology
Oral contraceptives (OC) are used by women worldwide for the purpose of birth control. OCs contain a
combination of estrogen and progestin or progestin alone. The use of OC has been associated with adverse
effects in women, such as an increase in blood pressure and an increase of renin/aldosterone (R/A) ratio, which
participates in the regulation of blood pressure. Interestingly, the OC component that is responsible for this
increase in blood pressure and the R/A ratio has not been clearly identified. Some studies suggest that estrogen
by itself increases blood pressure and the R/A ratio, while others suggest that progestin is the one responsible.
Therefore, I will use rats to study the effect of a widely used synthetic estrogen and two currently used
progestins to determine if one hormone will increase blood pressure or R/A ratio more than the others, or if a
combination of the estrogen and progestin are necessary for this increase.
Reliability and Internal Consistency of the Activities-specific Balance
Confidence Scale in Older Adults
Elena Skornyakov
Poor balance confidence in older adults can predict injurious falls; therefore, it is important to assess balance
confidence. To do so accurately, healthcare professionals must have access to an instrument with good
reliability and strong internal consistency. The purpose of this study was to use the Activities-specific Balance
Confidence Scale (ABC) to measure balance confidence in community-dwelling older adults, and to evaluate
the instrument’s test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Forty-four people aged 65 and older completed
the ABC on two separate testing days. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were calculated using a
statistical software program. Results revealed that the ABC has good reliability and strong internal consistency.
Reporting this scale’s psychometric properties may influence health care professionals to use the tool more
frequently and confidently.
Difference in Balance Performance Between Older Adults with and without a
History of Falls
Elena Skornyakov
Falls are a major health problem for people aged 65 and older. Fall related injuries and subsequent decline in
function are significant challenges to independence, and the associated healthcare costs present an economic
burden as well. Identifying people at risk for falls is an important step in reducing fall risk. In addition to fall
history, an individual’s balance performance is often considered when assessing fall risk. This presentation
compares balance performance scores between fallers (n=17) and non-fallers (n=29) aged 65 years and older
(x=83.6 years). Subjects lived independently in the community and were able to walk within their homes
without help from another person. Four well-established balance performance outcome measures were used in
this study: Berg Balance Scale, Tinneti, Four Square Step Test, and Timed Up and Go.
Risk Factors Associated with Sternal Complications in Patients Following
Open Heart Surgery and Implications for Activity Precautions
Danielle Slaughter
Tanya LaPier, Physical Therapy
Megan Chatellier, Physical Therapy
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with sternal complications in patients’ status
post median sternotomy. Number of Subjects: A systematic review with a total of 18 studies from 1996 to
present. Materials / Methods: A review of literature was conducted using the search terms “median sternotomy
complications” and “sternal dehiscence.” Results: 1° risk factors included: high BMI, COPD, bilateral IMA
grafting, DM, rethoracotomy, high blood loss, smoking, prolonged surgical time, PVD, and females with large
breast size. 2° risk factors included: decreased sternal thickness, longer ICU length of stay, staple use for skin
closure, impaired renal function. Conclusions: Many variables associated with sternal wound complications
were identified in this study and should be considered when determining appropriate activity for patients..
Free Labor versus Slavery: The Profit Game
Christopher Smith
In this paper, the author will examine the economics of slavery to include the similarities between slave labor
and wage labor. The use of wage laborers is compared to slavery by analyzing production and agricultural
work, costs, incentives, and hours of work. A profit analysis of using slavery over hired laborers will be
completed using cotton, cloth, and other desired exports as a foundation for the need for free labor or slavery. It
is necessary to look at the purchasing cost of the slave and also the ongoing costs of housing the slave,
nourishment, and the clothing rationed to the slave and their families. This must be contrasted with how long
the contractor or slaveholder needs the respective parties’ help. Ultimately, using formulas from some primary
sources, the author demonstrates the hourly, yearly, and estimated lifetime wages of the free laborers and
compares those numbers to the cost of keeping a slave.
Misperceptions Between Street Kids and Business Owners/Managers in
Downtown Spokane, Washington
Brina Smith
Sarah Keller, Geography and Anthropology
Recently, I have observed business managers in Spokane in conflict with Street Kids loitering outside of their
businesses. The managers continually berate the Kids for their behavior outside of their establishments because
they may feel the teens threaten their customers and profits. From observing the Street Kids, it appears that
although most panhandle, smoke, and engage in horseplay in the vicinity of the building, the actions of the Kids
do not appear to be noticeably threatening to anyone outside their group. The research examines these
conflicting relationships. It investigates what each group believes is the cause of the conflict, or
“misperception,” between the two groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with up to twenty
subjects, divided into two categories: Street Kids and business managers. The purpose of engaging both Street
Kids and business managers was to investigate the perspective of each side of the conflict. These various data
did, in fact, reveal numerous misperceptions on both sides of the conflict as well as provide suggestions for their
resolution.
My Dog Media
John Smith, Sam SmithReams, Ian Zieg, Jayme Gibson
Tom Capaul, Computer Science
Have you noticed the number of devices that can be connected to a home network? Many traditional home
electronic multimedia media devices now connect to a network, such as televisions, receivers, and game
consoles. This has opened up the possibility for streaming media across a home network. Our application,
MyDogMedia, runs on the Android platform and allows for the control of media playback on these devices
across your home network, as well as on the Android device itself. Also, media that is on the Android device
running our application can be accessed on the network. We utilize the UPnP standard that was developed to
accommodate and simplify network communication among such devices.
Nature Imagery and Characterization in a Steinbeck Story
Jacqueline Smithley
This scholarly essay examines nature imagery as a means characterization in Steinbeck’s short story “The
Chrysanthemums.” Steinbeck enhances Elisa’s character through nature imagery and symbolism. The repetition
of an image is a unifying device, something that signals change or development. In the examination of the main
character, the repetition of images mirrors the character herself. The repetition is consistent and insistent enough
for the reader to grasp that there is something more than just the denotation of the words. By the end of
Steinbeck’s story, the reader learns that the dog is not just a pet and a chrysanthemum is not just a flower. There
is more meaning behind each of their definitions, which is why they resonate so vividly with the audience.
Building Hope: A Proposal for Vocational Education
Nick Spanjer
The Union Gospel Mission is an organization in Spokane, WA, dedicated to reaching the poor and homeless of
the local community in an attempt to restore them to be contributing members of society. As part of the
organization’s restoration process, they support their residents as they transition back into the workplace. In my
ENGL 407 Proposal Writing class, my group and I constructed a proposal in an attempt to obtain funding for
$11,550 to update the computers in the organization’s Vocational Education center. Our group developed a
four-step plan that included identifying the necessary hardware and software, developing a training program,
and identifying network and curriculum updates. To familiarize ourselves with the organization, we worked
with the staff writer, who introduced us to some possible funders and how successful proposals in the
organization’s past were constructed. I am producing a poster that details the completion of the proposal and the
most challenging, yet fulfilling group work of my college career.
Welcome Home: A Devised Theatre Project
Rebecca Spining, Melissa Gren, Joel Chiswell, Elizabeth Carlson, Cody Bray, Bryn Butler
Sara Goff, Theatre
This Devised work was an original project for our winter Directing class. It is a 20-minute piece composed of
music, silence, lighting, specialized movement, text from interviews, narrative from our group, and text from
the works of Walt Whitman.
The Historical Significance of F.W. Murnau’s Sunrise (1927)
Joseph Stageberg
Pete Porter, Film
Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau’s Sunrise is a historically significant film, which has influenced international cinema
by means of its cinematography, film as a medium of art, and cinema’s transition to sound. Sunrise presents the
simple narrative of a country couple whose marriage is tested by a seductive Woman from the City (Margaret
Livingston). The film is exceptional in that it won three Academy Awards, including Best Actress (Janet
Gaynor), Best Cinematography (Charles Roshner, Karl Struss), and for the first and only time, Best Picture:
Most Unique and Artistic Production (Fox). With Sunrise, Murnau exhibits his artistic passion by producing a
film that is as innovative and influential as the German director himself.
The Determination of Riboflavin in Vitamin Tablets by Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Ryan Stahler
Fluorescence spectroscopy was used in the determination of Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) mass content in a vitamin
tablet supplement. Riboflavin is known to exhibit nearly constant fluorescence from pH 4-8, but is nearly 100%
quenched if the pH is raised to 10, or if the molecule is reduced. Consequently, fluorescence measurements of
riboflavin are prone to errors resulting from environmental and matrix influences on fluorescence intensity.
These matrix effects can be difficult to correct for in quantitative analyses by direct measurement of their
influences on fluorescence intensity. Thus, in this study, an analysis of Riboflavin in a vitamin tablet using a
method of constant volume standard addition was used to construct a calibration curve with which the
concentration of Riboflavin could be calculated. Preliminary results indicate the vitamin contained 66.7±0.13
mg/tablet of Riboflavin yielding a relative error of 33.3% when compared to the labeled value of 100.0
mg/tablet Riboflavin.
Factors Affecting Foraging Activity of Bats Over Wetlands
Sarah Stankavich
Margaret O’Connell, Biology
Foraging animals face decisions about when and where to forage, and these decisions are mediated in part by
prey availability. For temperate insectivorous bats, prey availability fluctuates temporally as well as spatially.
Wetlands are an important component of bat foraging habitat because they contain high abundances of insects.
However, insect densities are typically patchy in distribution because species exhibit differential flushes in
response to biotic (e.g., species phenology, macrophyte communities) and abiotic (e.g., water depth and
temperature, hydroperiod) factors. Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, with over 180 wetlands and 12 bat
species (including several Washington priority species), provides an ideal location to examine what biotic and
abiotic factors affect bat foraging over wetlands. Through this evaluation, my study will help identify quality
habitat for conservation purposes.
Witches’ Black Sabbaths and other Perversions of the Sacraments in Early
Modern Britain
Monica Stenzel
Ann Le Bar, History
This paper will compare the maleficia of fictive witches of seventeenth-century England to the seven
sacraments of the Catholic Church. Scholar Gary Wills has proposed that following the Gunpowder Plot of
1605, English plays portrayed witches with distinctive Catholic elements. Brian Levack has proposed a
“Cumulative Concept of Witchcraft” and the assertion that the oft-referenced witch-crime of cannibalistic
infanticide was perceived as a perversion of the eucharist. By combining these ideas, I propose that all seven
sacraments of the Catholic Church are represented in an ‘inverted’ or evil version in English popular culture and
that this helped to define Catholics in the newly Protestant country.
Untitled
Nicholas Stewart
Tom Askman, Art
This painting gives light to the mind of Nicholas and those creatures around him.
Extraction Efficiency Analysis of a Common DNA Extraction Protocol When
Applied to Apis melifera Mid-gut Tissue and Bacterial Consortia
Amanda Stewart
The quantification of bacterial consortia from a variety of materials including soils and digestive material is
challenging due to many bacteria refusing to be cultured outside of their consortia communities. A novel
approach to quantifying soil and gut bacteria is the total DNA extraction and quantification from sample
materials. Knowledge of the extraction efficiency of the chosen extraction protocol is critical in the
quantification of bacterial DNA. This research reports on the extraction efficiency of Qiagen DNeasy Tissue
protocols on mid-gut Honey bee bacterial consortia.
The Effects of Acute Fatigue on Bilateral Symmetry of Muscle Activation
Onset During a Landing Task
Jessica Stimmel
Jeni McNeal, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
A foundational assumption used in many biomechanical analyses of bilateral movements such as jumping, is
that symmetry exists in how the body executes such movements. However, humans have been shown to
demonstrate functional asymmetries that have been suggested to contribute to injury risk. The purpose of this
study was to determine if asymmetry exists in muscle activation onset of lower extremity muscles during a
landing task, and to examine if there is an effect of fatigue on asymmetry. Sixteen subjects completed 3 trials of
drop landings before and after a fatiguing protocol. Surface electromyography recorded muscle activity
bilaterally from vastus lateralis, gastronemius, and biceps femoris. Results indicated there was significant (p <
0.05) asymmetry in muscle activation onset; however, fatigue had no significant (p > 0.05) impact on the
symmetry of muscle activation onset. The degree of asymmetry was not different across muscle. Further studies
should explore the origin of onset asymmetry and whether such asymmetry could contribute to injuries
associated with landing tasks.
A New Way of Telling Stories
Al Stover
With the advancement of technology and the internet, and the decline of newspapers in the last few years,
publications are putting more of an emphasis on using video, audio, photographs, and title slides as an
alternative way to tell stories. Colleges are also using multimedia. The Soul of Athens project, created by the
School of Visual Communication by Ohio University, tells stories with multimedia. The Easterner has created
its own brand of multimedia content, using audio recordings, photo slideshows, and video productions that give
our readers a different way to look at stories that appear in the newspaper and on the website. These multimedia
pieces are created by students who spend time editing audio with programs like Garage Band, touching up
photographs with Photoshop and cutting video with iMovie to put these pieces together. Having a knowledge of
how to create multimedia can also can help students in the job market after they graduate. Professional
publications are looking for reporters who have a base knowledge of how to put together multimedia.
The Use of Diagnostic Bones to Identify Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in
Piscivore Diets
Aaron Stroud
Diagnostic bones are often used to identify fish in piscivore diets. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are a
threatened species, with limited samples available for study. A sample of 75 bull trout ranging 32 to 544 mm in
length was dissected to gather diagnostic bones. To discern bull trout from other salmonids, a bone keys was
built with species-specific characteristics from diagnostic bones. Measurements from diagnostic bones were
regressed and linear regressions explained 90% of the variability in the dentary, cleithra, preopercle, opercle,
and pharyngeal arch. Cleithra provided the most significant correlation TL= -8.892+103.570*(Cleithra A) (r2 =
0.98). A TL to weight regression was created for weight estimation. This information will improve piscivory
assessment and help to identify bull trout predation. Research was conducted by Aaron Stroud and Michael
Vaughan.
The Inevitability of Satan: Choice, Reason, and Free Will in John Milton’s
Paradise Lost
Christopher Stuck
Matthew Binney, English
In Paradise Lost, John Milton initially constructs a hierarchy in Heaven based upon order of creation,
mimicking historical royal hierarchies based upon birth, clearly describing Christ as innately noble and
deserving. Later, explaining to Christ the reason for Christ’s position as second only to God, God says that
Christ’s place is based upon merit, not innate characteristics imbued upon Christ by God. Due to this
contradictory or changing nature of Heaven’s hierarchy, it is inevitable and necessary for Satan to rebel against
the rule of God and fall from Heaven. Through researching Milton’s political works and applying them to
Paradise Lost, I plan detail the complicated nature of Satan’s fall and prove that it was inevitable and necessary,
complicating or even contradicting the presented nature of choice, reason, and free will within the text.
Infrastructure and the Gender Gap in Bicycling: A Comparison Between
Seattle, Spokane, Portland and Minneapolis
Michelle Swanson
Bill Kelley, Urban and Regional Planning
Fred Hurand, Urban and Regional Planning
Women represent about 23% of bicyclists in the United States, which is uniquely low compared to other
developed countries. Women are more risk-averse and show a marked preference for facilities segregated from
vehicles. Women’s transportation patterns are also different, most notably in the number of serve passenger
trips performed. I conducted a geospatial analysis of Seattle, Spokane, Portland, and Minneapolis, mapping
where women live, bicycle facilities women prefer, and places women go: major employers, schools, daycares,
grocery stores, medical facilities. The findings indicate that Portland has the most effective bicycle
infrastructure to meet women’s transportation needs, and the data indicate that women represent about 35% of
bicyclists in Portland. Because the increase in bicyclists in the last decade has been exclusively male,
municipalities that wish to boost their numbers of urban bicyclists must build infrastructure that appeals to
women.
Complexity of “Saint Marie” Lazarre
Krista Sweeney
My presentation is an analysis of the motives of the protagonist Marie Lazarre in Louise Erdrich’s short story
“Saint Marie.” This is my introduction paragraph from my essay: While reading Louise Erdrich’s “Saint
Marie,” the protagonist Marie Lazarre continuously unburdens herself by admitting her complex motives for
entering the strict Catholic “Sacred Heart Convent.” Through the constant cultural and religious jargon used by
most characters, one can see the distinct quarrel of separation. This division is between the “reservation girl” in
Marie and the Catholic world violently enforced by Sister Leopolda. Using devices such as black humor,
Erdrich confidently conveys the multifaceted motives of Marie to gain fame through the convent.
A Human Blood Serum Protein Biomarker Assay for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Josh Swider
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease in which the body’s own immune system turns upon itself and
begins to attack the bone and tissue lining cartilage between joints. Although it is not known exactly why the
body’s immune system does this, the result can be a rapid systemic erosion of tissue that can often lead to
severe deformity within a matter of years if left untreated. While there is no cure for this disease, the earlier a
diagnosis can be made the more time there is for an aggressive pre-treatment. This is why it is especially
important to develop early diagnosis methods, such as a biomarker(s) of disease states that can be used to
monitor a person’s health well before the onset of disease. To this end, this research projects seeks to develop
an assay to rapidly and reliably determine the concentration levels of the Galectin-3 protein biomarker in human
blood serum. Elevated Galectin-3 concentrations have been found to play a role in the development of
rheumatoid arthritis.
Understanding the Concept of Shear Locking for Proper Bending and Fatigue
Analysis of a Cantilever Beam with Applications to Wind Turbine Blades
Saleh Tafesh
In finite element analysis (FEA) shear locking is a numerical problem, which represents over-stiffness of any
structure under bending load. This shear-locking problem is not usually discussed in the conventional college
FEA textbook. It is, therefore, necessary to understand how a commercial FEA code ANSYS handle this shear
locking problem before conducting any serious engineering analysis. In this research, a simple cantilever beam
is analyzed for bending load with ANSYS. Numerical results are then thoroughly studied to find the best
element type to offer correct solutions without shear locking effect. The same element type is then used for
analysis of a wind turbine blade, which behaves like a cantilever beam. Finally, the turbine blade is used for
fatigue analysis under various repeated load. The objective of this research is to properly design a wind turbine
blade.
Dwight Macdonald, [the lovable Boswell who annotates my old laundry slips],
drinks tea.
Andrew Taylor
Chris Tylia, Art
Tom Askman, Art
Dwight Macdonald, [the lovable Boswell who annotates my old laundry slips], drinks tea. is about mental
exploration & expansssshunn - is about dropping from society to make your own so-sigh-a-teeee (do not fear
the lower rung when you can make a new ladder within a ladder!) - is about looking for the ‘American Dream’
(again, again ?& again). Dedicated to and iiinspired by Tom Wolfe and the writings of Tom Wolfe - created and
performed by Andrew Taylor (not Tom Wolfe, or his writtings, BUT the mostly-funct-shun-all
sculpture/vessel/tea pot presented in this Exhibition-shun-tion).
Trauma History as a Predictor of HIV Risk Behaviors in a Sample of
Incarcerated Women
Ghynecee Temple
Kayleen Islam-Zwart, Psychology
Literature links trauma and HIV risk behavior, but little research focuses on incarcerated women specifically.
This study investigated the impact of trauma history type (e.g., physical vs. sexual, child vs. adult) on HIV risk
behavior. Seventy-six women incarcerated on the minimum security unit of a state prison in the northwestern
US participated in an interview and completed a packet of questionnaires. It was expected that women with no
trauma history would engage in significantly less HIV-risk behaviors than women with any history of physical
or sexual abuse. Second, it was expected that women who were abused as children would be more likely to
engage in high risk HIV behaviors than women abused as adults. Third, it was anticipated that women who
experienced both child and adult abuse histories would engage in more risky behaviors than women who were
abused exclusively as children or adults. Finally, it was expected that women who were sexually abused were
more likely to engage in high risk HIV behaviors than women physically abused or not at all.
Cardiac Work and Vascular Resistance in Fishes
Irina Teslenko, Cherish Summers
Thomas Hancock, Biology
The work that the heart must perform is determined by three factors: the vascular resistance, viscosity of the
blood, and required cardiac output. Techniques to assess these are being developed in smallmouth bass, walleye
and rainbow trout as part of a larger project where hypotheses can be tested comparatively among groups of
fishes. The morphology of the circulation determines the resistance that the heart must overcome in order to
push blood through the circulatory system. Cannulation of the ventral aorta, dorsal aorta, and the atrium allows
measurement of pressure at each point in the circulation, and perfusion at various flows can be used to
determine both branchial (gill) and systemic resistance. Viscosity also resists flow and is determined by both
quantity and size of red blood cells. Cardiac work is assessed by measuring force development and stroke
volume using an intraventricular pressure-volume probe, and analysis of work loops can be used to quantify
cardiac work.
Untitled
Lauren Thomas
Tom Askman, Art
Chris Tyllia, Art
I am deeply concerned with creating my own visual symbolism, texture, color, dreams, humor, perception, and
emotional content in my work. Some of the greatest influences on my art include Odilon Redon, Kandinsky,
Chagall, Charles Baudelaire, mythology, and fairy tales.
SNP Analysis of Cytochrome b for the Analysis of Genetic Diversity within
Odocoileus hemionus Herds Within Washington State
Kyle Thomas, Chelsea Bennett, Kienan Loe
This paper reports studies on inter- and intra-herd genetic diversity among two populations of mule deer
(Odocoileus hemionus) located in diverse parts of Washington State. The first population, Vulcan, appears in
the northern part of the state and the second, Revere, in the southern regions. Blood Samples from the deer are
taken directly into PCR using Hemo Klen Taq Polymerase without the need for direct DNA extraction. PCR
products are then sequenced and analyzed. Resulting sequence was analyzed for single nucleotide
polymorphisms within the Cytochrome b gene. Our research found an adaptive SNP that leads to an amino acid
change within Cytochrome b of one of the populations.
Cheney Fracture Zone Correlated to Regional Structures
John Thurston
Fracture patterns in the Wanapum and Grande Ronde Basalt Formations of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt
Group (CRBG) have been identified in geologic and topographic maps for the last century, yet explanations are
not present in the geologic literature. To quantify the magnitude and orientation of fractures we have undertaken
a detailed aerial-photo analysis of three distinct sites. Deformation has been attributed to post-Miocene
movement along northwest trending lineaments (Reidel, 1984 and Watkinson & Hooper, 2000). Other
explanations for fracturing of the basalt may be related to cooling joints (Long & Wood, 1986) or paleotopography. Fracture orientations are relatively similar between sites at approximately 300o, although conjugate
fractures are present. From our work we expect that fracturing is due to blind faulting that has been active
sometime since the Miocene and might still be active. This research study was conducted by John Thurston,
Cody Crim and Hannah Campbell.
Budget Restrictions and Reductions: Save Money and Go Green with
Innovative Printing Solutions
Carrie Tompkins
As smartphones, e-readers, iPads, tablets and other digital devices become more prevalent, the more it makes
sense to utilize this technology. Increased usage in the commercial realm is opening doors to using the
technology in education. Several studies, both in academia and in the private sector, indicate that smartphones
and other internet-capable devices are becoming users’ preferred method of accessing the internet. In a time of
restricted budgets, alternatives to printing are becoming more and more attractive. Taking advantage of this
growth in mobile device usage and saving money in the process, I created an e-book brochure instead of a
traditional print brochure for the EWU Pre-Nursing program.
Structural and Magnetic Diversity Among Ni(II)-Based Polymers Comprised
of Pyrazine Bridges
Hope Tran
Jamie Manson, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Recently, the bifluoride ion (HF2-) has been introduced as a synthon in crystal engineering applications. The
bifluoride ion contains a two-coordinate H-atom and the strongest known hydrogen bonds, even rivaling the
strengths of some covalent bonds. However, the ability of HF2- to mediate magnetic interactions is still being
explored. The family of novel complexes with the formula [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]X where X= BF4-, SbF6-, TaF6-,
NbF6- and pyz = pyrazine form an isostructural family of polymers that consist of Cu-FHF-Cu bridges.
Attempts to replace copper(II) with nickel(II) using similar synthetic methods afforded an analogous structure
only in the case of SbF6-, e.g., [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]SbF6. Alternatively, two compounds of starkly different
composition, structure, and magnetic properties, namely [NiF2(H2O)2(pyz)1.5]TaF6 and NiF(HF)(pyz)(NbF6),
are produced when the larger TaF6- and NbF6- anions are used. In this work, the three different nickel(II)
phases are compared.
Cumulative Record of Student Exam Attempts in a Mastery Based University
Course
Lan Tran
Ryan Sain, Counseling, Educational and Developmental Psychology
The authors conducted a study to evaluate the test taking behavior of students in a undergraduate mastery based
course. Mastery in this course consisted of passing the stated exams at 90% or better; anything lower than a
90% was not considered passing. Students had a maximum of five attempts to pass the exam comprised of
approximately 20 multiple fill in the blank questions. There were a total of 10 exams throughout the term. As a
dependent measure we recorded the day and number of attempts made to complete and pass or fail the exam. A
cumulative record was chosen to clearly demonstrate the pattern and rate of student responding. We varied the
amount of time students had to complete the exam from eight days to 28 days. We hypothesized that the pattern
of responding would closely match that of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement with a limited hold.
Analysis of the data partially supports our hypothesis.
Kendo—The Way of the Sword—Builds Respect, Responsibility and Discipline
Yuma Ujihara
Starting in the Samurai era in Japan, Kendo is still studied in many parts of the world. Both boys and girls are
taught the ways of the sword to build character—respect, responsibility, and discipline. Some believe that in the
18th century, the modern form was developed with the bamboo sword and various body protective gear to
deliver more forceful blows. There is also a meditative aspect to this martial art, originating in Zen Buddhism.
In the Meiji Era, however, kendo declined because it was illegal to wear swords of any kind in public. In 1911,
kendo became required in public middle schools, and by 1939 it was a required course for boys
[http://www.ubckendo.com/kendo/history-kendo]. Character building is a focus of this presentation as well as
the history of the art and the spirit of the samurai—bushido.
Vegetation Cover Change Detection in the Nile River Basin by Using MODIS
NDVI
Aline Uwonkunda
Gregg Dohrn, Urban and Regional Planning
The main objective of this study is to gather and analyze vegetation cover data throughout the Nile River basin,
identify critical areas that have experienced vegetation alteration, and assess environmental impact of vegetation
cover change on the land and its natural resources from 2001 through 2010. This study used satellite-derived
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (values varies between -1.0 to + 1.0) of 10-day composite images of
250m spatial resolution and Landsat 7 data sets. . This research indicated that the Nile River basin’s average
Normalized Differential Vegetation Index fluctuated around 0.4 to 0.42 from 2001 to 2005, although since 2005
to 2010, the vegetation index average decreased from 0.42 to 0.39. On a broad-spectrum, Nile River basin
countries have experienced a systematic vegetation cover loss for five years, from 2005 to 2010. Individual
sites’ analysis such as Korti, Sudan indicated a high rate of vegetation cover change; vegetation index increased
from 0.1 in 2001 to 0.8 in 2010. Additional research is required for field validation of the results.
Oral Health, Poverty and Learning: Is There a Connection?
Judy Valdez
Ann O’Kelley Wetmore, Dental Hygiene
Caries is the number one disease of children in the US. Socioeconomic status, poor oral hygiene and a diet high
to sugars are risk factors. Children living below poverty level have a higher risk of untreatable caries because of
the lack of affordable dental care, health education, fluorides, oral aids, and a balanced diet. Additionally oral
disease in children is associated with overall health problems, pain, inability to eat a proper diet, excess use of
hospital emergency rooms, and absence from school. Approximately 51 million school hours/year are lost due
to pain from oral disease. This pain limits learning. A vicious cycle occurs when diet affects oral health, oral
health affects general health, oral health affects nutrition, and ultimately nutrition affects overall health and oral
health. Recognizing the impact of oral health on the health and well-being of children is the first step to address
the number one unmet health need for children. Providing access to oral care for children in poverty is vital to
assuring that all children have good oral health.
Arabic and English Rhetoric: An Analysis and Comparison of Taxis, Voice
and Poetic Expression
Melissa Van De Wege
Tracey McHenry, English
This is a presentation comparing and contrasting Arabic rhetoric of the Middle East and English rhetoric of the
United States. Arabic rhetoric is strikingly different than US English rhetoric. The rhetorical structure of an
essay in Arabic is one that does not follow the linear format of a thesis statement developed through supporting
details that build off of one another. An additional feature of Arabic rhetoric is a style of voice in an essay that
shows ideals of collectivism. One of the ways this is done is relating the message in an essay to Islamic values,
the dominant religion of the Middle East. Lastly, the writing of an essay in Arabic should sound like poetry, and
repetition of an idea and elaborate description are two poetic elements found in Arabic rhetoric. All three
characteristics tie back to collectivism, as the Middle East is a collectivistic culture. Understanding how these
elements can be reflected in the essays written by Middle Eastern students can greatly benefit US composition
instructors when reading their students’ essays and providing feedback.
Untitled
Kelsey Vance
Tom Askman, Art
I am inspired by the human figure and the aging process. My work focuses on the transformation of the body
from when we are born to the final stages of our life.
Acting: The Profession—Monologue Package
Paden Vance
Sara Goff, Theatre
The package contains two short contrasting monologues. The first is a dramatic piece taken from Frank Galati’s
stage adaptation of the novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck. The second is a comedic piece taken
from the play Bullshot Crummond by Ron House and Diz White.
The Difference in Length between Right and Left Side Head Bones in Bull
Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Creation of a Bull Trout Bone Key
Michael Vaughan
Bull trout (S. confluentus) are a threatened species. Dietary studies conducted to determine picivory on bull
trout use diagnostic bones to identify fish remains. We created bone keys to show differences amongst bull trout
and other salmonids. Novices were able to identify bull trout bones. Diagnostic bones length to fish total length
regressions were then performed. Previous studies show that in some species differences between right and left
side bone length exist. Bones from 12 bull trout were measured and T-tests were run to determine if length
measurements were uniform or different. Results indicated there were no significant differences in bone
measurements from opposite sides of the head: dentary (t=.22, p=.82); cleithra (t=.062, p=.95); preopercle (t=.33, p=.73); opercle (t=.56, p=.58). Due to the low sample number Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests were also
run.
Relationship of Academic Measures Allied to Social/Emotional Health
Kimberly Veitenheimer, Jeremy Goldman, Trevor Geren, Faith Golden
Susan Ruby, Psychology
Literature investigating youth mental health indicates greater prevalence of anxiety and depression than any
other time in history. Teachers have the opportunity on a daily basis to see evidence of student emotional well
being through their writing. We examined the content of middle school journals written by 68 eighth grade
students during regular English classes. We utilized a common academic assessment of student writing, the 6+1
Trait® Writing analytical model (Education Northwest) to score Voice (personal tone and flavor of the author’s
message) and Word Choice (the vocabulary a writer chooses to convey meaning). We will examine the
relationship of these variables with existing scores of anxiety, depression, resiliency, and content analyses
variables from the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count software (LIWC; Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007). We
will present significant relationships between the variables and suggest potential ways to further use the LIWC
and the 6+1 Trait® Writing method to the benefit of schools.
Women, Power, and the Cautionary Tale of the Zombie Stripper
Frankie Viner
What do militarism, the image of man versus nature, and power have in common? How do these themes affect
women? What can a film called Zombie Strippers possibly have to say about the positive empowerment of
women? In this paper I will discuss an essay titled “Women and Power” by Petra Kelly, a film titled Zombie
Strippers by Jay Lee, and what they have to say about these themes. I will trace these themes as they appear in
each piece. Furthermore, I will argue that these two pieces support each other and build a strong argument for
the embrace of power by women with a caution to the interference with such power by the external force of the
oppressive system of patriarchy and its agents.
Sophistry—The Heart of Nietzsche’s Chorus
E.B. Vodde
Given the argument that Friedrich Nietzsche respected Hellenic civilization as the last historical example of a
society able to combat the plague of societal nihilism through the medium of tragedy and its blend of the arts
Dionysian and Apolline, this study considers the Greek practice of sophistry and argues for its inherent artistic
value as being a facsimile of the art of the Greek chorus within Greek tragedy. Further arguing that Nietzsche
would consider the sophists as artists utilizing their own style of tragic expression, this study draws from the
current literature and Nietzsche’s own works to claim that Nietzsche’s personal ambition was to practice this art
form in his own individual effort to defeat the nihilistic tendencies he believed to be inherent in all
contemporary mankind.
Comparison of Tester Experience When Measuring Percent Body Fat Using
Skinfolds in College-Aged Adults
Annika Vyakhk, Charles Monson
Skinfolds are a simple technique for obtaining percent body fat (%BF). Training and experience are required to
achieve accurate data from this method. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in skinfold
measurements between an experienced (EX) and inexperienced (IX) tester and the change over time for the IX
tester for calculating %BF. Forty-six healthy, college-aged subjects (23.6±5.3y, 1.703±0.132m, and
73.03±16.11kg) were measured by the IX tester with a Lange skinfold caliper followed by the EX tester. Two
different three-site locations were used. A repeated measures ANOVA compared group means. There was a
significant difference (p=0.000) between testers (EX=25.57%, IX=24.26%). No significant difference (p=0.363)
was found between early and late trials. Results indicate that one must take more than 408 skinfolds to become
an experienced skinfold tester.
Gendercide in India
Benita Walker
This research focuses on the economic costs of the sex selection bias in favor of males in India and identifying
major factors that influence the declining sex ratio. Major factors include: the population of India below the
poverty line, female labor force participation, housing, contraceptive use for women, and literacy rates. This
research shows specific population trends and how although there has been a steady increase for the overall
general public, there has been a decline in the population of young females. The 2001 and 2011 census taken by
the Indian Government suggests that the sex ratios of children are increasing in favor of males. Abortion in
India has not always been legal; however, since it has become legal, there has been an increase in early
detection of female fetuses and subsequent abortions. This study investigates the cultural preference for males
and its impact on society and female selective abortions across states.
The Social Evolution of Hindustani Art Music
Michael Walstrom
Hindustani art music is becoming more widespread and diverse musically and socially in response to the
growing demands of casual listeners and changing social environment in India. But scholars from a variety of
backgrounds relate the tension that social changes are causing, such as the diluted influence of ustads/pandits
(Muslim/Hindu learned men, teachers) (Wade 14, 2008) and rasikas (connoisseurs) in controlling the direction
of the music and music community (Raja 2007). The shifting social structure of Hindustani art music has in
many ways paralleled changes in India as a whole. New relations between musicians, audiences, and institutions
have altered methods of musical training, creation, and presentation, which continue to evolve because of
India’s growing economy and the influence of the international market. Raja, D. (2007). Hindustani music a
tradition in transition. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. Wade, B. (2008). Music in India the classical traditions.
(Revised ed.). New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.
The Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995: Kobe, Japan: A Look at How
Japanese Culture Influenced Governmental Response and Relief
Michael Watts
The 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake in Kobe, Japan had many devastating physical and emotional
consequences. But did the governmental response help or hinder these problems? This documents-based
research paper addresses the question of how Japanese culture influenced the governmental response to the
Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995. Three categories were researched: Japanese cultural aspects, contextual
groundings of the disaster, and issues relating to the governmental response.
The EWU K-9 Building Search Study
Paul Weber, Quinton Brooks
Kerryn Bell, Criminal Justice
The K-9 building search study was proposed by Quinton Brooks, Jayme Watts, and Paul Weber. The proposal
was implemented as a result of collaboration between the Spokane Police Department K-9 Unit and the EWU
students in which it was seen as an opportunity for the department to be able to show the results of the K-9 unit
by quantifying the data of their success. The study was narrowed down to one of the many rolls of a K-9 unit;
searching a building for a possible suspect. The study was created to compare the building search times of a K-9
unit to that of a two-person patrol unit. Multiple buildings were set up with a hidden “suspect” for both the K-9
dog and patrol officers to find. Both the K-9 teams and the patrol teams were timed and averaged according to
building type. The study found that the K-9 teams significantly reduced the time and manpower it takes to
search a building for a suspect and depending on the size of the building the unit was able to find the suspect in
half the time. This finding directly correlated with previous similar studies.
Llama Manure
Danica Wick, Stacey Baker, Beth Bauer, Christina Jordan
We will be investigating the properties of llama manure and monitoring its abilities as a natural fertilizer.
Effects of Climate on Texas Wildfires
Mindy Widell
Texas experienced its hottest and driest year in 2011. Temperatures from June through July averaged 87 degrees
(F) with 2.5 inches of total rainfall (Nielsen-Gammon, 2011). Consequently, wildfires spread throughout Texas,
which experienced 6 of the 10 largest wildfires in its history. Overall there were 30,457 fires that burned
3,993,716 acres. The number of homes damage from the fire was 3,017. It is estimated that 34,156,740 gallons
of water and retardant were dropped on the fires (Texas Forest Service, 2012). Since Nov. 15, 2011 more than
3.5 million acres have burned in Texas, breaking the all-time record of 2.1 million acres for the same period set
back in 2005-2006. The pattern of temperature since 2000 is that it has increased through the years up to 2011,
and it is thought to continue to rise along with a decrease in precipitation (Berger, 2011).
The Impact of Dye Extraction on the Spectral Analysis of Forensic Fiber
Evidence
Regina Wike
Peter Bilous, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Fibers are a common type of crime scene evidence. Typically, the analysis of fiber evidence involves the
determination of their chemical and physical properties. Unfortunately, the presence of dyes can interfere with
certain spectroscopic tests. In this study, dye extractions were performed on six different synthetic fibers. The
fibers were then analyzed using visible-light, infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the
dye extraction procedures was evaluated by comparing the fibers’ spectral characteristics before and after
extraction. Our results indicate that dyes can be simply and effectively extracted from synthetic fibers with
subsequent improvement in the quality of their IR and Raman spectra.
A Track & Field Athlete with Proximal Tendonosis of the Patellar Tendon and
Resulting Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection
Kyle Wiley, Jimmy Akiyama, Stephen Schrater, Abby Waldo
Jeff Kawaguchi, Physical Education, Health and Recreation
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on the healing of
proximal tendonosis of the patellar tendon on a female collegiate track and field athlete. Patellar tendonsosis is
commonly seen in high intensity sports involving repetitive jumping. Microtearing of the patellar tendon was
present and focal degeneration had begun. PRP injection was implemented after rest, cryotherapy, ultrasound,
electrotherapy, massage, taping, and anti-inflammatory medication proved unsuccessful. Complications,
functional recovery and patient satisfaction were recorded. Currently, the athlete is at a higher level of sport
activity compared to pre- PRP therapy. The results are encouraging, indicating that PRP injections have the
potential to promote a satisfactory clinical outcome, even in difficult cases such as tendonosis.
Raison d’Être: What English Instruction Should Universities Provide to an
Ever-Diversifying Student Body?
Daniel Williamson
Justin Young, English
For myriads of reasons, student populations at American universities are diversifying. At times, university-level
English instruction has come under fire for privileging some forms of English over others. Some have argued
that the traditionally required freshman English composition courses mete out a grave social injustice against
linguistic minorities, thus standards should be suspended. However, if composition need not be prescriptive,
should it even be required? Cash-strapped students may question the necessity of paying tuition for required
courses that do not seem useful. Help wanted ads, on the other hand, often seek job applicants with excellent
oral and written communication skills. Aside from industry, university academic departments outside of the arts
and humanities also commonly have more positivistic expectations of student writing. Perhaps a basic technical
writing course would be a better entry point for university freshman. That technical writing course could then
serve as scaffolding to prepare students for composition courses that incorporate code-meshing.
Development of a Normative Database for the Test of Memory Malingering in
Pediatric Populations
April Wilson, Sarah Noureddine
The purpose of this study is to create a normative database through the collection of data regarding the memory
abilities of pediatric populations with and without developmental delays. Using the Test of Memory
Malingering (TOMM), ongoing research will improve assessment and treatment of those presenting with known
or suspected neurological or psychiatric disorders. Following a brief diagnostic interview with a parent or
guardian, participants are administered both visual (TOMM) and word-list (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
[RVALT]) tests according to standardized procedures. We anticipate children’s scores, including optimal cutoff points, to be similar to those established in adult populations. Data collection is currently underway. Primary
researchers: Appleby, E., Grove, T., Joel, C., Noureddine, S., Troha, A., Vishwanathan, J., Wilson, A.
Fur Regulates the Helicobacter pylori NapA Gene
Abigail Winschell
Andrea Castillo, Biology
Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach can lead to diverse degrees of gastric disease. These diverse
disease outcomes are determined in part by the presence of virulence factors in H. pylori, one of them being the
neutrophil-activating protein (NapA). The NapA protein protects the bacterium from oxidative stress damage
and has been shown to bind iron in vitro. Expression of many iron-binding proteins is regulated by a ferric
uptake regulator protein(Fur); the napA gene is predicted to be regulated by two putative fur boxes upstream of
the minimal promoter (Pmin). To determine if this is in fact the case, we made several constructs each containing
different combinations of the fur boxes and Pmin. When we measure expression of a reporter conferred by these
constructs we find that the fur boxes enhance expression of napA,100% expression versus 0.0% withPmin alone.
Consistent with this, promoter activity conferred by our constructs was reduced when assayed in the Δfur
reporter strain.
No More Cutting the Girls!
Rahel Wondimu, Manvir Kaur
Scott Finnie, Africana Studies
Should human rights be applied and enforced universally? Or should peoples’ rights be culturally defined and
qualified? Cultural relativism is often a strong argument when associated with human rights issues. In light of
this, female genital cutting has ignited massive debate because the issue encourages many other vital issues:
globalization, power over women’s and children’s rights, equality, and modernity. The World Health
Organization has estimated that between 100-140 million women and girls have undergone some form of
genital cutting globally, especially in Africa. The styles are generally divided into three types depending on
severity: type I, clitoridectomy, partial or total removal of the clitoris; type II, excision, partial or total removal
of the clitoris and the labia minora; and the most severe type III, infibulation, the removal of all tissue and
sewing the remaining skin leaving just a small hole to urinate and menstruate. The practice also violates a
person’s rights to health, security and physical integrity, and the right to life when the procedure results in
death.
Withheld Love in “Hills Like White Elephants”
Janice Wright
Symbolic forms of communication fuel Ernest Hemingway’s short story “Hills Like White Elephants,” where
two lovers quarrel over whether she should have an abortion. The story is set in a train station in Spain, a
crossroad that may represent the potential future directions of their relationship. The lovers’ attempts and
ultimate failure to communicate by means of symbolic devices exemplify their struggle and demonstrates that
their love is dying. The symbolism that saturates the story is key to understanding the ways the plot
foreshadows the outcome of their struggle.
Effectiveness of Kneepads with Built-in Seat on Contact Pressure and Muscle
Activity
Kevin Wright, Jonathan Braun
Dan Anton, Physical Therapy
Work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among occupations that require kneeling.
Kneeling is required by floor covering installers, carpenters, landscapers, welders, and painters. Kneeling can
put excessive contact pressure on the knees and ankles as well as require static muscle contractions that can lead
to MSDs. Kneepads may help to prevent MSDs of the knees and ankles. A new type of kneepad, the Kraft Seat,
has a built-in seat and rigid plastic shin guards that extend down each leg. Compared to traditional kneeling, the
Kraft Seat may evenly distribute body weight, thereby reducing the amount of contact pressure on the knees and
shins, as well as reduce muscle activity. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the Kraft Seat design and
potential for reducing knee contact pressure and low back and lower extremity muscle activity.
The Possibility of Correlation between Facebook and College Students GPA
Performance
Tsung-mao Wu
The purpose of this study is to determine if college students’ Facebook using behaviors, length, and other
variables correlate with the academic performances of college students through data collection from one
hundred Bellevue College students by SurveyMonkey. A survey with seven questions was posted on the
SurveyMonkey website, and students were able to take the survey whenever voluntarily. All participants in the
study took the survey individually and anonymously, and the recruited data was analyzed by SPSS19 (T-test,
ANOVA). The result showed there was not a significant correlation between students’ Facebook use and their
GPA performance, yet the result was extremely close to the significant value in the two-tailed t-test.
Social Engineering and Cyber Security
Sijie "Chris" Xia
The security of the Internet has become more and more threatened. Hacker attacks and identity theft have
spread all over the world. Social engineering is one kind of attack method that cannot be recognized easily by
the victims. This method aims to attack people’s computer systems using the weakness of how the average
human thinks and makes decisions. Social engineering often involves fraud, information gathering, and/or
deception. Clearly, the security issues of cyber spaces are becoming more serious. This presentation aims to
explain the main threats of cyber security and possible ways to prevent hacker attacks and identity theft.
Selecting the Best Reagent for the Detection and Enhancement of Bloody
Fingerprints
Pamela Yee
Peter Bilous, Chemistry and Biochemistry
A variety of reagents can be used by crime scene investigators to enhance the pattern details of bloody
fingerprints that may be invisible to the naked eye. The purpose of this study was to evaluate five blood
enhancement reagents with respect to limits of detection and overall quality of the enhanced print. The
following reagents were compared: Leucocrystal Violet (LCV), water-based Amido Black, Acid Yellow 7,
Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB), and the combination of LCV followed by methanol-based Amido Black
(LCV-AB). Fingerprints were prepared on porous, semi-porous, and non-porous surfaces, representing common
household surfaces. We found that CBB worked best overall but LCV or LCV-AB could be considered for use
with bloody fingerprints on porous or semi-porous surfaces.
Women’s Status in China—The Past and Present
BinBin Yu
Li Yang, English
In modern China, over 70% of Chinese live in rural areas, and they may have larger families. Even today in
these areas, three generations often live together and work together, but that is not the case very often in urban
areas. In the cities, sometimes married couples are forced to live apart for large periods of time due to their jobs,
and this is difficult for all members. While women are entering nearly every field and succeeding there, we still
see fewer in government leadership and have a long way to go to reach gender equity at home and at work.
Women are generally expected to work outside the home, cook, clean, care for elderly parents, and bear at least
one child when married. Often, however, even in cities, there are live-in grandparents who provide childcare
while parents are working, and this helps the women focus more on work.
SSVEP-Based BCI Demo Using Emotiv EPOC EEG Headset
Brian Zier
Paul Schimpf, Computer Science
This research project aims to develop a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system which utilizes Steady-State
Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) to allow a user to control objects on-screen simply by looking at flickering
controls. One goal is to show that it is possible to use SSVEP on a relatively inexpensive consumer-grade EEG
device (Emotiv EPOC). Another goal is to have the controls appear on-screen, as opposed to using a separate
control display as in other SSVEP studies. Although much research has been done in the field of SSVEP-based
BCIs, it is still a young and developing area and practical devices have yet to appear on the market. There has
been some exploration of the use of the Emotiv EPOC headset for BCI applications, but few have examined its
applicability to SSVEP. This research attempts to show its viability for SSVEP and relative simplicity in
comparison to other research-grade EEG equipment.
Instructions and Procedures for the EWU Transfer Guide
Julia Zurcher
The service learning project that I completed for English 404: Instructions and Procedures was one of the most
frustrating, challenging and ultimately compelling projects I have worked on in the Technical Communications
Program at EWU. ENGL 404 took roughly 30 students, split them into teams, and unleashed them on the EWU
Transfer Guide. The EWU Office of Admissions simply asked us to create a two-page document that would
help students to efficiently and accurately use the guide to look up course equivalencies between colleges. Little
did we know that writing efficient, accurate instructions is harder than it looks. Over 10 short weeks, we studied
the rhetoric behind instructions and design, conducted usability testing and submitted our instructions as a
framework to help the Office of Admissions achieve its goal of enabling transfer students to navigate to the
EWU Transfer Guide, determine course equivalencies by course and subject and interpret their General
Education Course Requirements.
SPONSORS
Thank you for your support of the 2012
EWU Student Research and Creative Works Symposium
Spokane Teachers Credit Union
EWU Offices of the Provost
Graduate Education Research
Undergraduate Studies
Grant and Research Development
McNair Scholars
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2012 program - EWU Access Home - Eastern Washington University

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