botswana - Wilderness Safaris

BOTSWANA
SPECIES CHECKLIST
Includes VicTORIA Falls/Livingstone
AFR I C A V EGE TAT I O N MAP
BIOMES
Desert
(Namib; Sahara; Danakil)
Semi-desert
(Karoo; Sahel; Chalbi)
Arid savannah
(Kalahari; Masai Steppe; Ogaden)
Grassland
(Highveld; Abyssinian)
Mediterranean Scrub / Fynbos
East African Coastal Forest & Scrub
Dry Woodland
(including Mopane)
Moist woodland
(including Miombo)
Tropical Rainforest
(Congo Basin; Upper Guinea)
Afro-Montane Forest & Grassland
(Drakensberg; Nyika; Albertine Rift;
Abyssinian Highlands)
Granitic Indian Ocean IslandS
(Seychelles)
Wilderness Safaris
SEYCHELLES
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the wonderful wildlife of southern Africa.
The idea of this booklet is to enable you, as a Wilderness Safaris guest, to keep a detailed record of the mammals,
birds, reptiles and amphibians that that you observed during your travels. It also serves as a compact record of
your African journey for future reference and enjoyment that hopefully sparks interest in other wildlife spheres
whether in your home country or abroad.
Although always exciting to see, especially for the first-time Africa visitor, once you move beyond the cliché of the
‘Big Five’ you will soon realise that our wilderness areas offer much more. Africa’s large mammals are certainly a
big attraction that one never tires of, but it’s often the smaller mammals, diverse birdlife and incredible reptiles
that draw one back again and again for another unparalleled visit. Seeing a breeding herd of elephant for instance
will always be special but there is a certain thrill in seeing a sitatunga, a serval or a Pel’s fishing-owl – to name
but a few.
As a globally discerning traveller, look beyond the obvious, and challenge yourself to learn as much about the
wildlife and ecosystems through which you will travel on your safari.
Enjoy your journey!
BOTSWANA BIODIVERSITY OVERVIEW
Botswana’s most renowned conservation area is undoubtedly the Okavango Delta – a green and blue wetland
rightly considered Africa’s most incredible wildlife sanctuary and the largest inland delta system in the world –
15 000 km2 of verdant channels, lagoons, swamps and islands. This dynamic waterworld contrasts with the
cathedral mopane woodlands of the Linyanti and Selinda region to the north of the Delta, while to the south lies
the Kalahari Desert. This desert is rarely lifeless and harbours mythical destinations such as Deception Valley in
the Central Kalahari.
While the emphasis of a Botswana safari is often on the large mammals (and rightly so with 75 larger mammal
species), there are many other facets of the local fauna to be enjoyed; 593 bird species have been recorded
and the diversity and density of waterbirds found in the Okavango Delta is simply staggering. The country also
supports equally impressive reptile diversity and, as the Okavango is so well watered, amphibians are abundant.
The ancient fossil riverbeds and associated pans of the Central Kalahari are the playground of desert-adapted
wildlife including a wide range of ungulates and predators. The Kalahari as a whole, with its striking contrast to the
Okavango and Linyanti Regions, adds significantly to Botswana’s already overwhelming diversity.
LIVINGSTONE (VICTORIA FALLS) BIODIVERSITY OVERVIEW
As many of our Botswana safaris also include the Livingstone/Victoria Falls area, this region has been added to
the Botswana Species Checklist.
Zambia’s Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, a short distance from the Victoria Falls, comprises mopane and teak
woodlands with luxuriant riverine forest along the banks of the Zambezi River. On the Zimbabwe side, Zambezi
National Park protects similar habitat types with a rich riverine fringe and woodlands dominated by Zambezi teak
and mopane.
Visitors to the Victoria Falls can either stay on the Zambian or Zimbabwean side of the Falls – for most of the year
there is little practical difference, although the Zimbabwe side features better viewing during the driest months of
October through December.
1
Wilderness Safaris
OUR BOTSWANA CONCESSIONS
Mombo Concession
45 000 hectares, located on Chief’s Island,
Moremi Game Reserve, central Okavango. In the
interior, mopane woodland is interspersed with
belts of Kalahari sand and acacia. Towards the
edges of the island, regular seasonal flooding
creates shallow floodplains dotted with wild
date palm islands and riverine forest. Mombo
harbours prolific concentrations of general
game such as giraffe, zebra, warthog, red
lechwe, tsessebe, wildebeest, kudu, elephant,
buffalo and impala. Abundant predator
sightings include lion, spotted hyaena and
leopard. Chief’s Island is also home to the only
white and black rhino found in the Okavango
Delta. The birding, a result of diverse habitats,
is equally attractive.
CAMPS: MOMBO CAMP, LITTLE MOMBO CAMP
VUMBURA PLAINS
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
KWETSANI
JACANA
TUBU TREE
LITTLE MOMBO
MOMBO
JAO
SEBA
XIGERA
ABU
CHITABE
CHI
S
Kwedi Concession
90 000 hectares, situated in Duba Plains and
Vumbura areas, northern Okavango. The
western area, notably large Duba Island, has
open, seasonally inundated floodplains and
small palm islands; the eastern parts include
a diverse mosaic of habitats from permanent
swamp to seasonal floodplains, acacia
woodlands, and mopane and Kalahari appleleaf
stands. The Duba area is known for its large
herds of buffalo and prides of lion, as well as
unusual small carnivores such as aardwolf,
bat-eared fox and side-striped jackal. Vumbura,
in contrast, features a wider range, from red
lechwe to sable, good populations of elephant,
hippo and giraffe, and large predators: lion,
spotted hyaena, leopard, wild dog and cheetah.
Birdlife is abundant – Okavango specials such
as rosy-throated longclaw, black coucal and
long-toed lapwing are present.
VUMBURA PLAINS
KWETSANI
JACANA
TUBU TREE
LITTLE MOMBO
MOMBO
JAO
SEBA
XIGERA
ABU
CHITABE
CHITA
CAMPS: DUBA PLAINS, VUMBURA PLAINS, LITTLE VUMBURA CAMP
Wilderness Safaris
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
2
OUR BOTSWANA CONCESSIONS
Jao Concession
60 000 hectares, close to the Panhandle in
the Delta’s north-west. The vegetation varies
from the Jao Flats in the east to Hunda Island,
covered in acacia and mopane woodland and
the largest dry area locally during the annual
floods. Around the Flats, spectacular herds
of red lechwe are followed by their predators
– lion and leopard. Other game includes
wildebeest, impala, tsessebe, giraffe, elephant,
hippo and crocodile, spotted-necked otter and
occasional sitatunga. The drier west harbours
similar species, with greater concentrations of
zebra and wildebeest. Birding is exceptional:
Vulnerable wattled crane, slaty egret, rosythroated longclaw, Pel’s fishing-owl, and lesser
jacana are found on the eastern side, with the
western drier areas hosting crimson-breasted
shrike, Dickinson’s kestrel and Meyer’s parrot.
CAMPS: JAO CAMP, JACANA CAMP, KWETSANI
CAMP, TUBU TREE CAMP
VUMBURA PLAINS
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
KWETSANI
LITTLE MOMBO
JACANA
TUBU TREE
MOMBO
JAO
SEBA
XIGERA
ABU
Xigera Concession
6 000 hectares, in the heart of the Delta.
Situated on one of the Okavango’s key
waterways, it is surrounded by picturesque
papyrus swamps and wooded islands and is
renowned for the highest density of the elusive
sitatunga antelope in the Delta. Not known
for big game, mammal sightings do include
red lechwe, spotted-necked otter, vervet
monkey, elephant, impala and tsessebe, with
predators such as leopard, spotted hyaena, and
occasionally lion. This concession is a delight for
birdwatchers, many of the key swamp-dwelling
specialists being present, notably Pel’s FishingOwl, African skimmer, brown firefinch, greater
swamp warbler, wattled crane, African pygmy
goose, Luapula cisticola and lesser jacana.
Common species include a variety of kingfishers
and other waterbirds.
CAMPS: XIGERA CAMP
VUMBURA PLAINS
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
KWETSANI
JACANA
TUBU TREE
LITTLE MOMBO
MOMBO
JAO
SEBA
XIGERA
ABU
CHITABE
CH
3
Wilderness Safaris
OUR BOTSWANA CONCESSIONS
Abu Concession
VUMBURA PLAINS
173 000 hectares, in the south-west of the Delta.
This scenically splendid concession varies from
seasonally inundated floodplains, channels
and palm islands in the north-east to the dryer
Kalahari ‘Sandveld Tongue’ in the west. Here,
trees like Kalahari appleleaf and silver terminalia
dominate, adding much contrast to this unique
area. Big game is plentiful and includes frequent
sightings of giraffe, buffalo, elephant, red
lechwe, blue wildebeest, tsessebe, impala,
zebra, hippo and warthog. Dominant carnivores
include lion and spotted hyaena with occasional
leopard and wild dog. For bird enthusiasts,
some 380 different species can be found.
CAMPS: ABU CAMP, SEBA CAMP
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
KWETSANI
LITTLE MOMBO
JACANA
TUBU TREE
MOMBO
JAO
SEBA
XIGERA
ABU
Linyanti and Selinda ConcessionS
Linyanti (125 000 hectares) and adjoining
Selinda (135 000 hectares) concessions border
Chobe National Park’s western boundary. Most
of this wildlife-rich area consists of mopane
woodland with floodplains and riparian forest.
Linyanti is bisected by an ancient watercourse
– the Savute Channel – which provides a yearround water source, while Selinda has the
Zibadianja Lagoon (the ‘source’ of the Savute
Channel) and the Selinda Spillway that connects
the Linyanti and Okavango systems. The area
is famed for herds of elephant that reach high
densities in the drier winter months. Other
species are also abundant – zebra, wildebeest,
impala, giraffe, red lechwe, reedbuck, kudu
– and rarer species such as sable and roan. In
addition to lion, spotted hyaena and leopard,
the area also plays host to healthy populations
VUMBURA PLAINS
of cheetah and wild dog. Birding too is unique
here including Arnot’s chat, brilliant
flocks of
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA PLAINS
southern carmine bee-eaters
(seasonal) and
red-necked falcon.
KINGS POOL
SELINDA
DUMATAU
ZARAFA
SAVUTI
BANOKA
BUSH CAMP
CAMPS: KINGS POOL, DUMATAU CAMP, SAVUTI CAMP, ZARAFA CAMP, SELINDA CAMP
KWETSANI
Wilderness Safaris
TUBU TREE
JACANA
JAO
LITTLE MOMBO
MOMBO
4
OUR BOTSWANA CONCESSIONS
Chitabe Concession
DUBA PLAINS
VUMBURA PLAINS
LITTLE VUMBURA
28 000 hectares, in the south-east of the Delta.
This concession is separated from the Moremi
Game Reserve by the Gomoti Channel. This
KWETSANI
eastern half of the
concession is characterised
by
LITTLE MOMBO
JACANA
MOMBO
grassyTUBU
floodplains,
which
separate
the Channel
TREE
JAO
from acacia and mopane woodland. The western
half has as its boundary
the Santantadibe River
SEBA
XIGERA
with a variety of typical Okavango habitats –
ABU
seasonal palm-dotted floodplains, wooded
islands, tranquil waterways and dry woodland
– ensuring a year-round variety of wildlife and
bird species. It is this diversity and a mix of
Okavango and Kalahari habitats that allows
good concentrations of all the larger predators
– lion, leopard, spotted hyaena, cheetah and
wild dog – as well as herbivores like giraffe,
buffalo, lechwe, tsessebe, impala and elephant.
Birdwatching is equally excellent, including
black coucal, African barred owlet, Bennet’s
woodpecker, greater painted snipe, southern
ground hornbill and pink-backed pelican.
CAMPS: CHITABE CAMP, CHITABE LEDIBA
BANOKA
BUSH CAMP
CHITABE
CHITABE LEDIBA
KINGS POOL
SELINDA
DUMA TAU
ZARAFA
SAVUTI
Khwai Concession
180 000 hectares, in the north-eastern corner
of the Okavango Delta adjoining the Moremi
Game Reserve. The Khwai area has a wide
range of habitats: a blend of woodlands,
VUMBURA PLAINS
floodplain, wetland and grasslands. The narrow
Khwai Channel is home to large animals such
LITTLE VUMBURA
DUBA buffalo
PLAINS
as hippo, crocodile,
and red lechwe.
Riverine woodland, dominated by camelthorn,
knobthorn and appleleaf, provides sanctuary
to birds, primates
and leopard. The floodplains
KWETSANI
offer common species such as LITTLE
kudu,
tsessebe,
MOMBO
JACANA
MOMBO
TUBU TREE
Burchell’s zebraJAO
and blue wildebeest. Away from
the river, there is a mix of acacia and leadwood
trees that SEBA
abuts into mopane
woodland. Larger
XIGERA
predators include
lion, wild dog and spotted
ABU
hyaena. Birdlife is just as varied, with 450
species present, including wattled crane and
saddle-billed stork, together with numerous
raptors.
CAMPS: BANOKA BUSH CAMP
BANOKA
BUSH CAMP
CHITABE
CHITABE LEDIBA
5
Wilderness Safaris
OUR BOTSWANA CONCESSIONS
Central Kalahari Game Reserve
In the northern plains of the Central Kalahari
Game Reserve, sweeping vistas and acacia
savannah mosaics direct the landscape and
hold significant populations of large predators
such as lion, cheetah and brown hyaena.
Herbivore aggregations include impressive
herds of springbok and gemsbok as well as red
hartebeest, wildebeest and eland. The plains
game populations move seasonally between
dune and valley: in summer, the verdant
flatlands are a thriving wildlife mosaic, whilst in
winter a series of ecologically-placed waterholes
enhance game viewing. Over 220 bird species
include significant populations of regionally
threatened and arid-west endemic species
including memorable species like crimsonbreasted shrike, violet-eared waxbill, doublebanded courser and southern pied babbler.
CAMPS: KALAHARI PLAINS CAMP
KALAHARI PLAINS CAMP
CENTRAL KALAHARI GAME RESERVE
(CKGR)
Zambia/Zimbabwe
Victoria Falls (Livingstone)
One of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World,
Victoria Falls is known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya
– “the Smoke that Thunders” – a name that
accurately depicts the plume of spray, visible
for some distance, caused by the cascading
waters of the Zambezi River. This is an area
of spectacular scenic beauty: from the Falls
themselves to the broad, picturesque course
of the Zambezi River upstream. Wildlife also
abounds in the area, particularly during the dry
season, and can be viewed while boating on the
river or on game drives in the Mosi-oa-Tunya
National Park upstream of the Falls.
CAMPS: TOKA LEYA CAMP, THE RIVER CLUB
Wilderness Safaris
ZAMBIA
THE RIVER CLUB
MOSI-OA-TUNYA
NATIONAL PARK
TOKA LEYA
LIVINGSTONE
ZAMBEZI NATIONAL PARK
ZIMBABWE
VICTORIA FALLS
6
QUICK BIRD FAMILY INDEX
Apalis..................................................................25
Godwit................................................................19
Redshank............................................................19
Avocet.................................................................20
Goshawks..........................................................21
Robins.................................................................25
Babblers..............................................................25
Guineafowl........................................................16
Rollers.................................................................17
Barbets................................................................16
Gulls....................................................................20
Ruff......................................................................20
Batises.................................................................23
Hamerkop..........................................................22
Sandgrouse.......................................................19
Bee-eaters.........................................................17
Harriers...............................................................21
Sandpiper...........................................................19
Bishops...............................................................27
Hawks.................................................................21
Scrub-robins.....................................................26
Bitterns...............................................................22
Helmetshrikes..................................................23
Secretarybird....................................................21
Boubous.............................................................23
Herons................................................................22
Shorebirds..........................................................19
Bulbuls, Greenbuls, Brownbuls...................24
Hobby.................................................................22
Shrikes/Bushshrikes/Brubru/Puffback......23
Buntings.............................................................28
Honeyguides/Honeybirds............................16
Skimmer.............................................................20
Bustards.............................................................19
Hoopoes.............................................................17
Snipe....................................................................19
Buttonquail.......................................................16
Hornbills.............................................................17
Sparrows............................................................27
Buzzards.............................................................21
Indigobirds.........................................................27
Sparrowhawks..................................................21
Canaries.............................................................28
Ibises....................................................................22
Sparrowlarks.....................................................25
Camaroptera....................................................25
Jacanas................................................................20
Spoonbill............................................................22
Chats...................................................................25
Kestrels...............................................................22
Starlings.............................................................26
Cisticolas (incl. Neddicky)............................22
Kingfishers.........................................................17
Stilt......................................................................20
Cormorants.......................................................22
Kites.....................................................................21
Stint.....................................................................20
Coucals...............................................................17
Korhaans............................................................19
Storks/Openbill...............................................23
Coot.....................................................................19
Larks....................................................................25
Sunbirds.............................................................26
Coursers.............................................................20
Mannikin............................................................27
Swallows............................................................24
Crakes.................................................................19
Martins...............................................................24
Swamphen........................................................19
Cranes.................................................................19
Moorhen............................................................19
Swifts/Spinetails.............................................18
Crombecs...........................................................24
Mousebirds........................................................17
Tchagras.............................................................23
Crows/Raven....................................................23
Nightingale.......................................................25
Terns....................................................................20
Cuckoos..............................................................17
Nightjars............................................................18
Thick-knees.......................................................20
Cuckooshrikes..................................................24
Orioles................................................................23
Thrushes.............................................................25
Darter..................................................................22
Osprey................................................................20
Tit-babbler.........................................................25
Doves..................................................................19
Ostrich................................................................16
Tits.......................................................................24
Drongo................................................................23
Owls....................................................................18
Trogons...............................................................17
Ducks/Geese.....................................................16
Oxpeckers..........................................................26
Turacos...............................................................18
Eagles..................................................................21
Parrots................................................................18
Turnstone...........................................................20
Egrets..................................................................22
Pelicans...............................................................23
Vultures..............................................................21
Eremomelas......................................................25
Penduline-tits...................................................24
Waders................................................................19
Falcons................................................................22
Petronia..............................................................27
Wagtails.............................................................27
Finches................................................................27
Pigeons...............................................................19
Warblers.............................................................24
Firefinches.........................................................27
Pipits/Longclaw...............................................27
Waxbills..............................................................27
Finfoot................................................................19
Plovers/Lapwings............................................20
Weavers..............................................................26
Flamingos..........................................................22
Pratincoles.........................................................20
Wheatear...........................................................26
Flufftails.............................................................19
Prinias.................................................................25
White-eyes........................................................25
Flycatchers/Monarch............................. 23, 25
Pytilia..................................................................27
Widowbird.........................................................26
Francolins/Spurfowls.....................................16
Quails..................................................................16
Whydahs............................................................27
Gallinule.............................................................19
Quailfinch..........................................................27
Wood-Hoopoes...............................................17
Grebe..................................................................22
Quelea................................................................27
Woodpeckers....................................................16
Greenshank.......................................................19
Rail.......................................................................19
Go-away-Bird...................................................18
Raptors...............................................................21
7
Wilderness Safaris
TIPS FOR WILDLIFE VIEWING
– Binoculars are essential particularly for observing birds and smaller mammal species. When larger animals
are spotted at a distance, binoculars will enhance the enjoyment of those particular sightings.
– Patience is a good virtue for wildlife viewing. Spend a little more time at each sighting and quietly observe
fascinating behavioural traits coming to the fore.
– Early morning and late afternoon are the best times to be out looking for wildlife. This is the ‘golden hour’ for
photography and animal activity peaks, with nocturnal species (e.g., leopard) often still active.
– During the heat of the day many animals will drink at waterholes (e.g., elephant, zebra), making this a good
time to be there.
– Night drives (where available) can also be rewarding for nocturnal mammals such as genets, bushbabies,
white-tailed mongoose and brown hyaena.
– Best months for birdwatching are December to April when resident birds are most active and intra-African and
Palaearctic migratory species are in the subregion.
HOW TO USE THESE CHECKLISTS
– The checklist presented does not cover the entire country, but rather is a comprehensive list for our
concessions.
– The oval circle indicates that the species is present for a given locality.
– The detailed species lists have been grouped taxonomically by family and by Wilderness Safaris concessions
in Botswana and the Livingstone (Victoria Falls) area.
– A number of species are migratory (e.g., birds) or may hibernate (e.g., snakes and frogs) during the southern
African winter, so they may not be seen during your visit.
– Endemic/Near-Endemic species and subspecies are highlighted with an asterisk.
– The botanical diversity of Botswana is significant and beyond the practical realms of this checklist, and has
thus been omitted. The guides on your trip are knowledgeable in the local flora, will have the necessary field
guides, and will certainly point out any trees, shrubs and flowers that may be of interest or in bloom on your
safari.
– All new records will be gratefully received (supporting image a bonus); please email [email protected]
with “New Species Record” in the subject line.
Wilderness Safaris
8
RECOMMENDED FIELD GUIDES
Smithers’ Mammals of Southern Africa: A Field Guide
Peter Apps. Struik Publishers. ISBN: 9781868725502
Concise, informative guide on the mammal species found in southern Africa.
The Kingdon Pocket Guide to African Mammals
Jonathan Kingdon. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780713669817
Compact and beautifully illustrated, it is ideal for use in the field, while its coverage is the most comprehensive
for any book of its size.
Sasol Birds of Southern Africa – 4th Edition
Ian Sinclair; Phil Hockey; Warwick Tarboton. Struik Publishers. ISBN: 978 1 77007 925 0
The all-in-one guide to the birds of southern Africa.
A Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern Africa
Vincent Carruthers and Louis Du Preez. Struik Publishers. ISBN: 9781770074460
This guide offers the most authoritative and comprehensive treatment of frogs of the region.
A Guide to the Reptiles of Southern Africa
Johan Marais and Graham Alexander. Struik Publishers. ISBN: 9781770073869
This well-illustrated guide introduces the 517 species currently described in the region, arranged into three main
groups: snakes and lizards, crocodiles, and shelled reptiles.
CHECKLIST KEY
• BOTS – Botswana
• LIN/SEL – Linyanti and Selinda Concession
• KWE – Kwedi Concession
• MOM – Mombo Concession
• XIG – Xigera Concession
• JAO – Jao Concession
• ABU – Abu Concession
• CHIT – Chitabe Concession
• KHW – Khwai Concession
• CKGR – Central Kalahari Concession
• LIV – Livingstone (Victoria Falls)
* Southern African endemic or near-endemic species
9
Wilderness Safaris
Honey Badger
Cape Buffalo
SITATUNGA
CHEETAH
VERVET MONKEY
COMMON WARTHOG
Wilderness Safaris
10
MAMMALS
Botswana is one of Africa’s success stories, in which vast tracts of wilderness found here are formally conserved:
45% of the country has been set aside as national parks and wildlife reserves. This sets the stage for one of the
top mammal viewing destinations in Africa. 147 species of mammals have been recorded.
The Okavango Delta is home to aquatic-specialist antelope like red lechwe and sitatunga and supports a high
density of mammals. Elephant and buffalo occur here in large herds, as do tsessebe. White and black rhino, once
extinct in northern Botswana, have been reintroduced to the central regions of Moremi Game Reserve. Botswana
also hosts one of Africa’s largest wild dog populations, a critically endangered carnivore, as well as lion, cheetah,
spotted hyaena and leopard. In Botswana the chances of seeing rare species such as the elusive pangolin, honey
badger or aardwolf are also relatively good. In contrast, the Central Kalahari hosts a very different montage of
mammals, such as gemsbok, springbok, meerkat, brown hyaena, bat-eared and Cape fox. Roan and sable antelope
prefer the broad-leafed woodland mosaic of the Linyanti and areas north of the Okavango.
The Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park near Victoria Falls offers excellent sightings of buffalo, giraffe, zebra, wildebeest,
impala and even white rhino. Elephant can also often be seen swimming across the Zambezi River here.
AFRICAN WILD DOG
SABLE
BANDED MONGOOSE
SURICATE (MEERKAT)
ORYX/SPRINGBOK HERD
11
Wilderness Safaris
Shrews
Soricomorpha
Swamp Musk Shrew
Crocidura mariquensis
Lesser Red Musk Shrew
Crocidura hirta
Reddish-grey Musk Shrew
Crocidura cyanea
Greater Dwarf Shrew
Suncus lixus
Elephant Shrews
Macroscelidea
Elephantulus brachyrhynchus
Bats
Chiroptera
Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat
Epomophorus crypturus
Mauritian Tomb Bat
Taphozous mauritianus
Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideros caffer
Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideros commersoni
Egyptian Slit-faced Bat
Nycteris thebaica
Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus hildebrandti
Ruppell’s Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus fumigatus
Darling’s Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus darlingi
Dent’s Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophus denti
Rusty Bat
Pipistrellus rusticus
Cape Serotine Bat
Neoromicia capensis
Banana Bat
Neoromicia nanus
Ruppell’s Bat
Pipistrellus rueppellii
Butterfly Bat
Glauconycteris variegata
Botswana Long-eared Bat
Laephotis botswanae
Schleiffen’s Bat
Nycticeius schleiffenii
Yellow House Bat
Scotophilus dinganii
Lesser Yellow House Bat
Scotophilus borbonicus
Egyptian Free-tailed Bat
Tadarida aegyptiaca
Angolan Free-tailed Bat
Tadarida condylura
Midas Free-tailed Bat
Tadarida midas
Little Free-tailed Bat
Tadarida pumila
Schreiber’s Long-fingered Bat
Miniopterus schreibersii
Primates
Chacma Baboon
Papio ursinus
Vervet Monkey
Cercopithecus aethiops
Lesser Bushbaby
Galago moholi
Pangolins
Pholidota
Pangolin
Smutsia temminckii
Hares
Lagomorpha
Scrub Hare
Lepus saxatilis
Rodents, Squirrels And Gerbils
Rodentia
*South African Ground Squirrel
Xerus inauris
Tree (Smith’s Bush) Squirrel
Paraxerus cepapi
Woodland Dormouse
Graphiurus murinus
Springhare
Pedetes capensis
Damara Molerat
Cryptomys damarensis
Porcupine
Hystrix africaeaustralis
Greater Cane Rat
Thryonomys swinderianus
Wilderness Safaris
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
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Short-snouted Elephant-shrew
Primates
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
MAMMALS OF BOTSWANA
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*Cape Short-tailed Gerbil
Desmodillus auricularis
*Hairy-footed Gerbil
Gerbillurus paeba
Bushveld Gerbil
Gerbilliscus leucogaster
*Highveld Gerbil
Gerbilliscus brantsii
Red Rock Rat
Aethomys chrysophilus
African Marsh Rat
Dasymus incomtus
Four-striped (Grass) Mouse
Rhabdomys pumilio
Single-striped Mouse
Lemniscomys rosalia
Desert Pygmy Mouse
Mus indutus
Pygmy Mouse
Mus minutoides
Acacia Rat
Thallomys paedulcus
Groove-toothed Swamp Rat
Pelomys fallax
Multimammate Mouse
Mastomys coucha
Angoni Vlei Rat
Otomys angoniensis
Carnivores
Carnivora
*Cape Fox
Vulpes chama
Bat-eared Fox
Otocyon megalotis
Black-backed Jackal
Canis mesomelas
Side-striped Jackal
Canis adustus
Wild Dog
Lycaon pictus
Cape Clawless Otter
Aonyx capensis
Spotted-necked Otter
Lutra maculicollis
Honey Badger
Mellivora capensis
Striped Weasel
Poecilogale albinucha
Striped Polecat
Ictonyx striatus
Banded Mongoose
Mungos mungo
Selous’s Mongoose
Paracynictis selousi
Large Grey (Egyptian) Mongoose
Herpestes ichneumon
Slender Mongoose
Herpestes sanguinea
Marsh (Water) Mongoose
Atilax paludinosus
Dwarf Mongoose
Helogale parvula
White-tailed Mongoose
Ichneumia albicauda
Yellow Mongoose
Cynictis penicillata
*Suricate
Suricata suricatta
Small-spotted Genet
Genetta genetta
Large-spotted Genet
Genetta tigrina
African Civet
Civettictis civetta
Spotted Hyaena
Crocuta crocuta
Brown Hyaena
Hyaena brunnea
Aardwolf
Proteles cristatus
African Wild Cat
Felis lybica
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LIV
Dendromus mesomelas
CKGR
Dendromus melanotis
Brant’s Climbing Mouse
CHIT
Steatomys parvus
Grey Climbing Mouse
KHW
Steatomys pratensis
Tiny Fat Mouse
JAO
Fat Mouse
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ABU
Saccostomus campestris
XIG
Zelotomys woosnami
South African Pouched Mouse
KWE
BOTS
Woosnam’s Broad-headed Mouse
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
MAMMALS OF BOTSWANA
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Wilderness Safaris
Acinonyx jubatus
Lion
Panthera leo
Leopard
Panthera pardus
Aardvark
Tubulidentata
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JAO
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Aardvark
Orycteropus afer
Elephants
Proboscidea
African Elephant
Loxodonta africana
Odd-Toed Ungulates
Perissodactyla
Plains (Burchell’s) Zebra
Equus quagga burchellii
Black Rhinoceros
Diceros bicornis
White Rhinoceros
Ceratotherium simum
Warthog
Artiodactyla: Suiformes
Common Warthog
Phacochoerus africanus
Bushpig
Potamochoerus porcus
Hippopotamus
Artiodactyla: Whippomorpha
Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius
Giraffe, Buffalo, Antelope
Artiodactyla: Ruminantia
Southern Giraffe
Giraffa camelopardalis
Cape Buffalo
Syncerus caffer caffer
Eland
Taurotragus oryx
Greater Kudu
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
Sitatunga
Tragelaphus spekei
Bushbuck
Tragelaphus scriptus
Roan
Hippotragus equinus
Sable
Hippotragus niger
Gemsbok
Oryx gazella
Common Waterbuck
Kobus ellipsiprymnus
Red Lechwe
Kobus leche
Southern Reedbuck
Redunca arundinum
Blue Wildebeest
Connochaetes taurinus taurinus
Red Hartebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus caama
Tsessebe
Damaliscus lunatus
Common Impala
Aepyceros melampus melampus
Springbok
Antidorcas marsuplialis
Steenbok
Raphicerus campestris
Common (Grey) Duiker
Sylvicapra grimmia
Wilderness Safaris
KHW
Cheetah
CKGR
Caracal caracal
CHIT
Caracal
ABU
Leptailurus serval
XIG
Felis nigripes
Serval
MOM
Small Spotted Cat
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
MAMMALS OF BOTSWANA
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BIRDS
Thanks to its mosaic of habitat types, Botswana is a superb birding locale with incredible diversity of 593 species.
At the forefront must be the Okavango Delta, which has the richest avifauna of 464 species and is home to the
hallowed Pel’s fishing-owl, African skimmer and important populations of endangered bird species such as
southern ground hornbill and wattled crane. More conspicuous and commonly seen are papyrus swamp specialists
like coppery-tailed coucal, brown firefinch, greater swamp warbler, chirping cisticola, swamp nightjar and western
banded snake-eagle. Further, Botswana has two near-endemic species: the slaty egret, which has approximately
85% of its population restricted to the Delta, and the short-clawed lark, which has more than 90% of its global
population in south-eastern Botswana.
In the mopane woodlands of the Linyanti, the likes of Arnot’s chat, Bradfield’s hornbill and coqui francolin can be
found. The Central Kalahari offers a bird community more akin to the arid west regions of the subregion and thus
has a higher rate of endemism and is not to be missed on a comprehensive Botswana birding safari. Species here
include violet-eared waxbill, shaft-tailed whydah, barred wren-warbler, northern black korhaan, double-banded
courser, secretarybird, ostrich, crimson-breasted shrike, Kalahari scrub-robin, kori bustard, Lanner falcon and
Namaqua sandgrouse.
The Zambezi River where it intersects with the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is good for African finfoot, halfcollared kingfisher, Schalow’s turaco and rock pratincole.
* Please refer to page 7 for the handy alphabetical quick bird family index
CRIMSON-BREASTED SHRIKE
Scaly-feathered Finch
SLATY EGRET
WATTLED CRANE
AFRICAN SKIMMER
15
Wilderness Safaris
Ostriches
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
Struthionidae
Common Ostrich
Struthio camelus
Fowl and Allies
Phasianidae
Coqui Francolin
Peliperdix coqui
Crested Francolin
Dendroperdix sephaena
Shelley’s Francolin
Scleroptila shelleyi
*Red-billed Spurfowl
Pternistis adspersus
Natal Spurfowl
Pternistes natalensis
Swainson’s Spurfowl
Pternistis swainsonii
Common Quail
Coturnix coturnix
Harlequin Quail
Coturnix delegorguei
Blue Quail
Coturnix adansonii
Guineafowl
Numididae
Helmeted Guineafowl
Numida meleagris
Crested Guineafowl
Guttera edouardi
Ducks and Geese
Anatidae
Fulvous Duck
Dendrocygna bicolor
White-faced Duck
Dendrocygna viduata
White-backed Duck
Thalassornis leuconotus
Egyptian Goose
Alopochen aegyptiaca
Spur-winged Goose
Plectropterus gambensis
Knob-billed Duck
Sarkidiornis melanotos
African Pygmy-Goose
Nettapus auritus
Cape Teal
Anas capensis
African Black Duck
Anas sparsa
Yellow-billed Duck
Anas undulata
Cape Shoveller
Anas smithii
Red-billed Teal
Anas erythrorhyncha
Hottentot Teal
Anas hottentota
Southern Pochard
Netta erythrophthalma
Buttonquail
Turnicidae
Kurrichane Buttonquail
Turnix sylvaticus
Honeyguides and Honeybirds
Indicatoridae
Greater Honeyguide
Indicator indicator
Lesser Honeyguide
Indicator minor
Brown-backed Honeybird
Prodotiscus regulus
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Picidae
Bennett’s Woodpecker
Campethera bennettii
Golden-tailed Woodpecker
Campethera abingoni
Cardinal Woodpecker
Dendropicos fuscescens
Bearded Woodpecker
Dendropicos namaquus
Olive Woodpecker
Dendropicos griseocephalus
African Barbets
Lybiidae
Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird
Pogoniulus chrysoconus
*Acacia Pied Barbet
Tricholaema leucomelas
Black-collared Barbet
Lybius torquatus
Crested Barbet
Trachyphonus vaillantii
16
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Woodpeckers
Wilderness Safaris
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
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*Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill
Tockus leucomelas
Crowned Hornbill
Tockus alboterminatus
*Bradfield’s Hornbill
Tockus bradfieldi
African Grey Hornbill
Tockus nasutus
Trumpeter Hornbill
Bycanistes bucinator
Ground Hornbills
Bucorvidae
Southern Ground-Hornbill
Bucorvus leadbeateri
Hoopoes
Upupidae
African Hoopoe
Upupa africana
Wood-hoopoes
Phoeniculidae
Green Wood-Hoopoe
Phoeniculus purpureus
Rhinopomastus cyanomelas
Trogons
Trogonidae
Narina Trogon
Apaloderma narina
Rollers
Coraciidae
European Roller
Coracias garrulus
Lilac-breasted Roller
Coracias caudatus
Racket-tailed Roller
Coracias spatulatus
Purple Roller
Coracias naevius
Broad-billed Roller
Eurystomus glaucurus
Kingfishers
Alcedinidae
Alcedo semitorquata
Malachite Kingfisher
Alcedo cristata
African Pygmy-Kingfisher
Ispidina picta
Grey-headed Kingfisher
Halcyon leucocephala
Woodland Kingfisher
Halcyon senegalensis
Brown-hooded Kingfisher
Halcyon albiventris
Striped Kingfisher
Halcyon chelicuti
Giant Kingfisher
Megaceryle maximus
Pied Kingfisher
Ceryle rudis
Bee-eaters
Meropidae
White-fronted Bee-eater
Merops bullockoides
Little Bee-eater
Merops pusillus
Swallow-tailed Bee-eater
Merops hirundineus
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater
Merops persicus
Olive Bee-eater
Merops superciliosus
European Bee-eater
Merops apiaster
Southern Carmine Bee-eater
Merops nubicoides
Mousebirds
Coliidae
Red-faced Mousebird
Urocolius indicus
Cuckoos and Coucals
Cuculidae
Jacobin Cuckoo
Clamator jacobinus
Levaillant’s Cuckoo
Clamator levaillantii
Great Spotted Cuckoo
Clamator glandarius
Thick-billed Cuckoo
Pachycoccyx audeberti
CHIT
KHW
JAO
ABU
XIG
KWE
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Common Scimitarbill
Half-collared Kingfisher
LIV
Bucerotidae
Tockus erythrorhynchus
CKGR
Hornbills
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Red-billed Hornbill
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COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
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Wilderness Safaris
Chrysococcyx caprius
Black Coucal
Centropus grillii
Coppery-tailed Coucal
Centropus cupreicaudus
Senegal Coucal
Centropus senegalensis
White-browed Coucal
Centropus superciliosus
Parrots and Lovebirds
Psittacidae
Grey-headed Parrot
Poicephalus fuscicollis
Meyer’s Parrot
Poicephalus meyeri
Swifts and Spinetails
Apodidae
Böhm’s Spinetail
Neafrapus boehmi
African Palm-Swift
Cypsiurus parvus
Alpine Swift
Tachymarptis melba
Mottled Swift
Tachymarptis aequatorialis
Common Swift
Apus apus
African Black Swift
Apus barbatus
Little Swift
Apus affinis
Horus Swift
Apus horus
White-rumped Swift
Apus caffer
Turacos and Go-Away-Birds
Musophagidae
Schalow’s Turaco
Tauraco schalowi
Grey Go-away-bird
Corythaixoides concolor
Barn Owls
Tytonidae
Barn Owl
Tyto alba
Owls
Strigidae
African Scops-Owl
Otus senegalensis
Southern White-faced Scops-Owl
Ptilopsis granti
Spotted Eagle-Owl
Bubo africanus
Verreaux’s Eagle-Owl
Bubo lacteus
Pel’s Fishing-Owl
Scotopelia peli
African Wood-Owl
Strix woodfordii
Pearl-spotted Owlet
Glaucidium perlatum
African Barred Owlet
Glaucidium capense
Marsh Owl
Asio capensis
Nightjars
Caprimulgidae
Fiery-necked Nightjar
Caprimulgus pectoralis
Freckled Nightjar
Caprimulgus tristigma
Swamp Nightjar
Caprimulgus natalensis
Square-tailed Nightjar
Caprimulgus fossii
Rufous-cheeked Nightjar
Caprimulgus rufigena
European Nightjar
Caprimulgus europaeus
Pennant-winged Nightjar
Macrodipteryx vexillarius
Wilderness Safaris
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LIV
Chrysococcyx cupreus
Diderick Cuckoo
KHW
Chrysococcyx klaas
African Emerald Cuckoo
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CKGR
Cuculus gularis
Klaas’s Cuckoo
CHIT
Cuculus canorus
African Cuckoo
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Common Cuckoo
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ABU
Cuculus clamosus
XIG
Cuculus solitarius
Black Cuckoo
MOM
Red-chested Cuckoo
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
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18
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v
Streptopelia decipiens
Cape Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia capicola
Red-eyed Dove
Streptopelia semitorquata
Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove
Turtur chalcospilos
Namaqua Dove
Oena capensis
African Green-Pigeon
Treron calvus
Bustards and Korhaans
Otididae
Denham’s Bustard
Neotis denhami
Kori Bustard
Ardeotis kori
*Red-crested Korhaan
Lophotis ruficrista
*Northern Black Korhaan
Afrotis afraoides
Black-bellied Bustard
Lissotis melanogaster
Cranes
Gruidae
Grey Crowned Crane
Balearica regulorum
Wattled Crane
Bugeranus carunculatus
Finfoots
Heliornithidae
v v
v
v
v v
v
v
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v v
v v
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v v v v v v v v v
LIV
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
CKGR
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
CHIT
African Mourning Dove
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
KHW
Streptopelia senegalensis
JAO
Laughing Dove
ABU
Columba livia
XIG
Columbidae
Rock Dove
KWE
Pigeons and Doves
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
African Finfoot
Podica senegalensis
Rails, Crakes and Coots
Rallidae
African Rail
Rallus caerulescens
African Crake
Crecopsis egregia
Corn Crake
Crex crex
Black Crake
Amaurornis flavirostris
Baillon’s Crake
Porzana pusilla
African Purple Swamphen
Porphyrio madagascariensis
Allen’s Gallinule
Porphyrio alleni
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Lesser Moorhen
Gallinula angulata
Red-knobbed Coot
Fulica cristata
Flufftails
Sarothruridae
Red-chested Flufftail
Sarothrura rufa
Sandgrouse
Pteroclididae
*Namaqua Sandgrouse
Pterocles namaqua
*Double-banded Sandgrouse
Pterocles bicinctus
*Burchell’s Sandgrouse
Pterocles burchelli
Waders,Sandpipers and Snipes
Scolopacidae
Great Snipe
Gallinago media
African Snipe
Gallinago nigripennis
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Common Redshank
Tringa totanus
Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
Common Greenshank
Tringa nebularia
Green Sandpiper
Tringa ochropus
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
v
v
v
v
v
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v
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v v
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v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v v
19
v
v
v
v
Wilderness Safaris
Actitis hypoleucos
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Little Stint
Calidris minuta
Pectoral Sandpiper
Calidris melanotos
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Ruff
Philomachus pugnax
Painted-Snipes
Rostratulidae
Greater Painted-snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
Jacanas
Jacanidae
African Jacana
Actophilornis africanus
Lesser Jacana
Microparra capensis
Thick-knees
Burhinidae
Water Thick-knee
Burhinus vermiculatus
Spotted Thick-knee
Burhinus capensis
Stilts and Avocets
Recurvirostridae
Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus himantopus
Pied Avocet
Recurvirostra avosetta
Plovers and Lapwings
Charadriidae
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius hiaticula
Kittlitz’s Plover
Charadrius pecuarius
Three-banded Plover
Charadrius tricollaris
Chestnut-banded Plover
Charadrius pallidus
White-fronted Plover
Charadrius marginatus
Caspian Plover
Charadrius asiaticus
Long-toed Lapwing
Vanellus crassirostris
Blacksmith Lapwing
Vanellus armatus
White-crowned Lapwing
Vanellus albiceps
African Wattled Lapwing
Vanellus senegallus
Crowned Lapwing
Vanellus coronatus
Coursers and Pratincoles
Glareolidae
Double-banded Courser
Rhinoptilus africanus
Bronze-winged Courser
Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
Three-banded Courser
Rhinoptilus cinctus
Temminck’s Courser
Cursorius temminckii
Collared Pratincole
Glareola pratincola
Black-winged Pratincole
Glareola nordmanni
Rock Pratincole
Glareola nuchalis
Gulls, Terns and Skimmers
Laridae
African Skimmer
Rynchops flavirostris
Lesser Black-backed Gull
Larus fuscus
Grey-headed Gull
Larus cirrocephalus
Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias hybrida
White-winged Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus
Ospreys
Pandionidae
Western Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
v v v v v v v v
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v v v
20
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
MOM
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Common Sandpiper
Wilderness Safaris
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
CKGR
LIV
CHIT
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v
v v
v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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KHW
JAO
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
ABU
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
XIG
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
MOM
Kites, Hawks and Eagles
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
Accipitridae
African Cuckoo Hawk
Aviceda cuculoides
European Honey-Buzzard
Pernis apivorus
Bat Hawk
Macheiramphus alcinus
Black-shouldered Kite
Elanus caeruleus
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
Yellow-billed Kite
Milvus aegyptius
African Fish-Eagle
Haliaeetus vocifer
Palm-nut Vulture
Gypohierax angolensis
Hooded Vulture
Necrosyrtes monachus
White-backed Vulture
Gyps africanus
Cape Vulture
Gyps coprotheres
Lappet-faced Vulture
Torgos tracheliotus
White-headed Vulture
Trigonoceps occipitalis
Black-chested Snake-Eagle
Circaetus pectoralis
Brown Snake-Eagle
Circaetus cinereus
Western Banded Snake-Eagle
Circaetus cinerascens
Bateleur
Terathopius ecaudatus
African Marsh-Harrier
Circus ranivorus
Pallid Harrier
Circus macrourus
Montagu’s Harrier
Circus pygargus
African Harrier-Hawk
Polyboroides typus
Lizard Buzzard
Kaupifalco monogrammicus
Dark Chanting Goshawk
Melierax metabates
*Southern Pale Chanting Goshawk
Melierax canorus
Gabar Goshawk
Melierax gabar
African Goshawk
Accipiter tachiro
Shikra
Accipiter badius
Little Sparrowhawk
Accipiter minullus
Ovambo Sparrowhawk
Accipiter ovampensis
Black Sparrowhawk
Accipiter melanoleucus
Steppe Buzzard
Buteo vulpinus
Augur Buzzard
Buteo augur
Steppe Eagle
Aquila nipalensis
Tawny Eagle
Aquila rapax
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Aquila pomarina
Verreauxs’ Eagle
Aquila verreauxii
African Hawk-Eagle
Aquila spilogaster
Ayres’s Hawk-Eagle
Aquila ayresii
Booted Eagle
Aquila pennatus
Wahlberg’s Eagle
Aquila wahlbergi
Martial Eagle
Polemaetus bellicosus
Long-crested Eagle
Lophaetus occipitalis
African Crowned Eagle
Stephanoaetus coronatus
Secretarybird
Sagittariidae
Secretarybird
Sagittarius serpentarius
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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v
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v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v
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v v v v v v v
v v
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v v v v v v v
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v v v v v v v
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v v
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v v v v v v v
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v v v v v v v v
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21
v
v
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v
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v
v
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v
v
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v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Wilderness Safaris
Falco rupicolus
Greater Kestrel
Falco rupicoloides
Dickinson’s Kestrel
Falco dickinsoni
Red-necked Falcon
Falco chicquera
Red-footed Falcon
Falco vespertinus
Amur Falcon
Falco amurensis
Sooty Falcon
Falco concolor
Eurasian Hobby
Falco subbuteo
African Hobby
Falco cuvierii
Lanner Falcon
Falco biarmicus
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
Taita Falcon
Falco fasciinucha
Grebes
Podicipedidae
Little Grebe
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Darters
Anhingidae
African Darter
Anhinga rufa
Cormorants
Phalacrocoracidae
Reed Cormorant
Phalacrocorax africanus
White-breasted Cormorant
Phalacrocorax lucidus
Egrets, Herons and Bitterns
Ardeidae
*Slaty Egret
Egretta vinaceigula
Black Heron
Egretta ardesiaca
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
Yellow-billed Egret
Egretta intermedia
Great (White) Egret
Egretta alba
Grey Heron
Ardea cinerea
Black-headed Heron
Ardea melanocephala
Goliath Heron
Ardea goliath
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis
Squacco Heron
Ardeola ralloides
Rufous-bellied Heron
Ardeola rufiventris
Green-backed Heron
Butorides striata
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
White-backed Night-Heron
Gorsachius leuconotus
Little Bittern
Ixobrychus minutus
Dwarf Bittern
Ixobrychus sturmii
Hamerkop
Scopidae
Hamerkop
Scopus umbretta
Flamingos
Phoenicopteridae
Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus ruber
Lesser Flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor
Ibises and Spoonbills
Threskiornithidae
Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
Hadeda Ibis
Bostrychia hagedash
KHW
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
MOM
v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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v v
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22
LIV
Falco naumanni
Rock Kestrel
CKGR
Falconidae
Lesser Kestrel
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Kestrels and Falcons
Wilderness Safaris
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v
African Sacred Ibis
Threskiornis aethiopicus
African Spoonbill
Platalea alba
Pelicans
Pelecanidae
Great White Pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Pink-backed Pelican
Pelecanus rufescens
Storks
Ciconiidae
Mycteria ibis
Anastomus lamelligerus
Black Stork
Ciconia nigra
Abdim’s Stork
Ciconia abdimii
Woolly-necked Stork
Ciconia episcopus
White Stork
Ciconia ciconia
Saddle-billed Stork
Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
Marabou Stork
Leptoptilos crumeniferus
Oriolidae
Oriolus oriolus
African Golden Oriole
Oriolus auratus
Black-headed Oriole
Oriolus larvatus
Drongos
Dicruridae
Fork-tailed Drongo
Dicrurus adsimilis
Monarchs
Monarchidae
African Paradise-Flycatcher
Terpsiphone viridis
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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v
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v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
LIV
CKGR
CHIT
KHW
JAO
ABU
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
African Openbill
Eurasian Golden Oriole
XIG
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
Yellow-billed Stork
Orioles
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
MOM
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v
v
v v
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v v
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Bushshrikes, Boubous & Tchagras Malaconotidae
Brubru
Nilaus afer
Black-backed Puffback
Dryoscopus cubla
Black-crowned Tchagra
Tchagra senegalus
Brown-crowned Tchagra
Tchagra australis
Tropical Boubou
Laniarius aethiopicus
Swamp Boubou
Laniarius bicolor
*Crimson-breasted Shrike
Laniarius atrococcineus
Orange-breasted Bush-Shrike
Telophorus sulfureopectus
Grey-headed Bush-Shrike
Malaconotus blanchoti
Shrikes
Laniidae
Red-backed Shrike
Lanius collurio
Lesser Grey Shrike
Lanius minor
Common Fiscal
Lanius collaris
Magpie Shrike
Corvinella melanoleuca
*Southern White-crowned Shrike
Eurocephalus anguitimens
Helmetshrikes
Prionopidae
White-crested Helmet-Shrike
Prionops plumatus
Retz’s Helmet-Shrike
Prionops retzii
Wattle-eyes and Batises
Platysteiridae
Chinspot Batis
Batis molitor
*Pririt Batis
Batis pririt
Crows and Ravens
Corvidae
Cape Crow
Corvus capensis
Pied Crow
Corvus albus
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v
v
v
v v
v v
v v
v
v
v v
v
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v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
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v v v
23
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Wilderness Safaris
White-necked Raven
Corvus albicollis
Cuckooshrikes
Campephagidae
White-breasted Cuckooshrike
Coracina pectoralis
Black Cuckooshrike
Campephaga flava
Penduline Tits
Remizidae
*Cape Penduline-Tit
Anthoscopus minutus
Grey Penduline-Tit
Anthoscopus coroli
Tits
Paridae
*Southern Black Tit
Parus niger
*Ashy Tit
Parus cinerascens
Swallows and Martins
Hirundinidae
Sand Martin
Riparia riparia
Brown-throated Martin
Riparia paludicola
Banded Martin
Riparia cincta
Grey-rumped Swallow
Pseudhirundo griseopyga
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
White-throated Swallow
Hirundo albigularis
Wire-tailed Swallow
Hirundo smithii
Pearl-breasted Swallow
Hirundo dimidiata
Greater Striped Swallow
Hirundo cucullata
Lesser Striped Swallow
Hirundo abyssinica
Red-breasted Swallow
Hirundo semirufa
Mosque Swallow
Hirundo senegalensis
Rock Martin
Hirundo fuligula
Common House-Martin
Delichon urbicum
Bulbuls and Greenbuls
Pycnonotidae
Dark-capped Bulbul
Pycnonotus tricolor
*African Red-eyed Bulbul
Pycnonotus nigricans
Yellow-bellied Greenbul
Chlorocichla flaviventris
Terrestrial Brownbul
Phyllastrephus terrestris
Grass Warblers and Crombecs
Macrosphenidae
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
v
v v v
v v v v v v v v v
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v v v
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Long-billed Crombec
Sylvietta rufescens
Reed Warblers and Allies
Acrocephalidae
River Warbler
Locustella fluviatilis
Little Rush-Warbler
Bradypterus baboecala
Sedge Warbler
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Eurasian Reed-Warbler
Acrocephalus scirpaceus
African Reed-Warbler
Acrocephalus baeticatus
Marsh Warbler
Acrocephalus palustris
Great Reed-Warbler
Acrocephalus arundinaceus
Greater Swamp-Warbler
Acrocephalus rufescens
Lesser Swamp-Warbler
Acrocephalus gracilirostris
Olive-tree Warbler
Hippolais olivetorum
Icterine Warbler
Hippolais icterina
Leaf Warblers and Allies
Acrocephalidae
Willow Warbler
Phylloscopus trochilus
Wilderness Safaris
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
24
v v v
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LIV
CHIT
KHW
JAO
ABU
v
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XIG
v v v v v v v v v
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v
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
MOM
CKGR
Sylviid Warblers
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
Sylviidae
Garden Warbler
Sylvia borin
Common Whitethroat
Sylvia communis
*Chestnut-vented Tit-Babbler
Sylvia subcaeruleum
Babblers
Timaliidae
Hartlaub’s Babbler
Turdoides hartlaubii
*Southern Pied Babbler
Turdoides bicolor
Arrow-marked Babbler
Turdoides jardineii
White-eyes
Zosteropidae
African Yellow White-eye
Zosterops senegalensis
Cisticolas and Allies
Cisticolidae
Red-faced Cisticola
Cisticola erythrops
Lazy Cisticola
Cisticola aberrans
Rattling Cisticola
Cisticola chiniana
Tinkling Cisticola
Cisticola rufilatus
Luapula Cisticola
Cisticola luapula
Chirping Cisticola
Cisticola pipiens
Neddicky
Cisticola fulvicapilla
Zitting Cisticola
Cisticola juncidis
Desert Cisticola
Cisticola aridulus
Tawny-flanked Prinia
Prinia subflava
*Black-chested Prinia
Prinia flavicans
Grey-backed Camaroptera
Camaroptera brevicaudata
*Barred Wren-Warbler
Calamonastes fasciolatus
Stierling’s Wren-Warbler
Calamonastes stierlingi
Yellow-breasted Apalis
Apalis flavida
Yellow-bellied Eremomela
Eremomela icteropygialis
Green-capped Eremomela
Eremomela scotops
Burnt-necked Eremomela
Eremomela usticollis
Larks
Alaudidae
Monotonous Lark
Mirafra passerina
Rufous-naped Lark
Mirafra africana
Flappet Lark
Mirafra rufocinnamomea
*Eastern Clapper Lark
Mirafra fasciolata
*Sabota Lark
Calendulauda sabota
Fawn-coloured Lark
Calendulauda africanoides
Dusky Lark
Pinarocorys nigricans
*Spike-heeled Lark
Chersomanes albofasciata
Chestnut-backed Sparrowlark
Eremopterix leucotis
*Grey-backed Sparrowlark
Eremopterix verticalis
Red-capped Lark
Calandrella cinerea
Thrushes
Turdidae
Groundscraper Thrush
Psophocichla litsitsirupa
Kurrichane Thrush
Robins, Chats and
Old World Flycatchers
White-browed Robin-Chat
Turdus libonyanus
Muscicapidae
Red-capped Robin-Chat
Cossypha natalensis
v v v v v v v v v
v v
v
v v v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v
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Cossypha heuglini
25
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v v v v v v v v v
v v
v v v
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v v v v v v
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v
v
Wilderness Safaris
v v
Collared Palm-Thrush
Cichladusa arquata
Eastern Bearded Scrub-Robin
Cercotrichas quadrivirgata
White-browed Scrub-Robin
Cercotrichas leucophrys
*Kalahari Scrub-Robin
Cercotrichas paena
African Stonechat
Saxicola torquatus
Capped Wheatear
Oenanthe pileata
Familiar Chat
Cercomela familiaris
*Ant-eating Chat
Myrmecocichla formicivora
Arnot’s Chat
Myrmecocichla arnoti
Mocking Cliff-Chat
Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris
Pale Flycatcher
Bradornis pallidus
*Chat Flycatcher
Bradornis infuscatus
*Marico Flycatcher
Bradornis mariquensis
Southern Black Flycatcher
Melaenornis pammelaina
Spotted Flycatcher
Muscicapa striata
Ashy Flycatcher
Muscicapa caerulescens
Grey Tit-Flycatcher
Myioparus plumbeus
Thrush Nightingale
Luscinia luscinia
Starlings
Sturnidae
Red-winged Starling
Onychognathus morio
Miombo Blue-eared Starling
Lamprotornis elisabeth
*Cape Glossy Starling
Lamprotornis nitens
Greater Blue-eared Starling
Lamprotornis chalybaeus
*Burchell’s Starling
Lamprotornis australis
*Meves’s Starling
Lamprotornis mevesii
Violet-backed Starling
Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
Wattled Starling
Creatophora cinerea
Oxpeckers
Buphagidae
Yellow-billed Oxpecker
Buphagus africanus
Red-billed Oxpecker
Buphagus erythrorhynchus
Sunbirds
Nectariniidae
Amethyst Sunbird
Chalcomitra amethystina
Scarlet-chested Sunbird
Chalcomitra senegalensis
Collared Sunbird
Hedydipna collaris
Variable Sunbird
Cinnyris venustus
White-bellied Sunbird
Cinnyris talatala
Copper Sunbird
Cinnyris cupreus
Marico Sunbird
Cinnyris mariquensis
Purple-banded Sunbird
Cinnyris bifasciatus
Weavers and Widowbirds
Ploceidae
Red-billed Buffalo-Weaver
Bubalornis niger
*Scaly-feathered Finch
Sporopipes squamifrons
Lesser Masked-Weaver
Ploceus intermedius
Spectacled Weaver
Ploceus ocularis
Golden Weaver
Ploceus xanthops
Southern Brown-throated Weaver
Ploceus xanthopterus
Southern Masked-Weaver
Ploceus velatus
Wilderness Safaris
v
v
v
v
v
v v v v v v v v
v
v v
v
v v v v v
v
v v
v v
v v
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v
v
v
v v
v v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
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v
v
v
v
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26
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v v
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v
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v v v
v
Red-billed Quelea
Quelea quelea
Yellow-crowned Bishop
Euplectes afer
Southern Red Bishop
Euplectes orix
Yellow Bishop
Euplectes capensis
Fan-tailed Widowbird
Euplectes axillaris
White-winged Widowbird
Euplectes albonotatus
Thick-billed Weaver
Amblyospiza albifrons
Waxbills and Allies
Estrildidae
Orange-breasted Waxbill
Amandava subflava
African Quailfinch
Ortygospiza atricollis
Cut-throat Finch
Amadina fasciata
Black-faced Waxbill
Estrilda erythronotos
Common Waxbill
Estrilda astrild
*Violet-eared Waxbill
Granatina granatina
Blue Waxbill
Uraeginthus angolensis
Red-throated Twinspot
Hypargos niveoguttatus
Green-winged Pytilia
Pytilia melba
Orange-winged Pytilia
Pytilia afra
*Red-headed Finch
Amadina erythrocephala
Red-billed Firefinch
Lagonosticta senegala
Brown Firefinch
Lagonosticta nitidula
Jameson’s Firefinch
Lagonosticta rhodopareia
Bronze Mannikin
Spermestes cucullatus
Magpie Mannikin
Spermestes fringilloides
Indigobirds and Whydahs
Viduidae
Pin-tailed Whydah
Vidua macroura
Broad-tailed Paradise-Whydah
Vidua obtusa
Long-tailed Paradise-Whydah
Vidua paradisaea
*Shaft-tailed Whydah
Vidua regia
Village Indigobird
Vidua chalybeata
Purple Indigobird
Vidua purpurascens
Cuckoo Finch
Anomalospiza imberbis
Old World Sparrows
Passeridae
Northern Grey-headed Sparrow
Passer griseus
Southern Grey-headed Sparrow
Passer diffusus
Yellow-throated Petronia
Petronia superciliaris
White-browed Sparrow-Weaver
Plocepasser mahali
Wagtails, Longclaws and Pipits
Motacillidae
African Pied Wagtail
Motacilla aguimp
Cape Wagtail
Motacilla capensis
Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava
Rosy-throated Longclaw
Macronyx ameliae
African Pipit
Anthus cinnamomeus
Striped Pipit
Anthus lineiventris
Plain-backed Pipit
Anthus leucophrys
v v v v v v
v
v
v v
v
CHIT
v
v
v
v
v
v
KHW
v v
v
v
v v v v
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v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
JAO
v
v
v
v
v
ABU
v
v
v
v
v
XIG
LIV
Anaplectes melanotis
CKGR
Ploceus cucullatus
Red-headed Weaver
KWE
Village Weaver
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
v
v
v
v
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27
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v
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v v
Wilderness Safaris
Fringillidae
Yellow-fronted Canary
Crithagra mozambicus
Black-throated Canary
Crithagra atrogularis
*Yellow Canary
Crithagra flaviventris
Buntings
Emberizidae
*Lark-like Bunting
Emberiza impetuani
Cinnamon-breasted Bunting
Emberiza tahapisi
Golden-breasted Bunting
Emberiza flaviventris
v v v
v v v v
v v
v
Wilderness Safaris
KHW
v
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
v v v
v v v v
v
v
v v
v v v v
WHITE-HEADED VULTURE
RED-CRESTED KORHAAN
v v
LIV
Anthus vaalensis
Canaries and Seedeaters
CKGR
Buffy Pipit
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
BIRDS OF BOTSWANA
LONG-TOED LAPWING
WHITE-BROWED ROBIN-CHAT
28
v
v v v v
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REPTILES
Botswana’s generally dry and hot conditions are perfect for a varied reptilian fauna of over 130 species. These
range from the approximately 72 recorded snake species, most of which are non-venomous, to other fascinating
reptile groups that include skinks, sand lizards, geckos, chameleons and agamas. The Okavango Delta itself
is home to over 70 reptile species alone, which includes sizeable populations of Nile crocodile, water monitor,
Okavango hinged terrapin, and Barotse water snake.
Taxonomically, the reptiles in this checklist have been grouped and named according to ‘A Guide to the Reptiles of
Southern Africa’ by Johan Marais and Graham Alexander.
LEOPARD TORTOISE
NILE (WATER) MONITOR
BLACK MAMBA
WESTERN GREEN SNAKE
29
Wilderness Safaris
v v v v
v v v
v
v v
v v v v
KHW
v
v
v
CHIT
v v v
v v v v
v v
v v v v
v
v
v v
v
v v
v
JAO
v
ABU
v v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v v v v
v
XIG
LIV
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
CKGR
Tortoises
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
REPTILES OF BOTSWANA
Testudinidae
Leopard Tortoise
Geochelone pardalis
Serrated (Kalahari) Tent Tortoise
Psammobates oculiferus
Speke’s Hinged Tortoise
Kinixys spekii
Terrapins
Pelomedusidae, Trionychidae
Marsh Terrapin
Pelomedusa subrufa
Pan Hinged Terrapin
Pelusios subniger
*Okavango Hinged Terrapin
Pelusios bechuanicus
Mashona Hinged Terrapin
Pelusios rhodesianus
Blind Snakes
Typhlopidae
Schlegel’s Beaked Blind Snake
Rhinotyphlops schlegelii
Thread Snakes
Leptotyphlopidae
Peters’ Thread Snake
Leptotyphlops scutifrons
Pythons
Pythonidae
*Southern African Python
Python natalensis
African Burrowing Snakes
Atractaspididae
Southern (Bibron’s) Burrowing Asp
Atractaspis bibronii
Common Purple-glossed Snake
Amblyodipsas polylepis
*Kalahari Purple-glossed Snake
Amblyodipsas ventrimaculata
Bicoloured Quill-snouted Snake
Xenocalamus bicolor
Elongate Quill-snouted Snake
Xenocalamus mechowii
Typical Snakes
Colubridae
Brown House Snake
Lamprophis fuliginosus
Cape Wolf Snake
Lycophidion capense
Mole Snake
Pseudaspis cana
Olive Marsh Snake
Natriciteres olivacea
Eastern Striped Swamp Snake
Limnophis bangweolicus
*Two-striped Shovelsnout
Prosymna bivittata
Angola Shovelsnout
Prosymna angolensis
Eastern Bark Snake
Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia
Lined Olympic Snake
Dromophis lineatus
Striped Skaapsteker
Psammophylax tritaeniatus
v
v v v v v v v v v
v
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v
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v
Grey-bellied Grass Snake (Skaapsteker) Psammophylax variabilis
v
v
v
v
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v v v v
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Cape (Fork-marked) Sand Snake
Psammophis leightoni
Jalla’s Sand Snake
Psammophis jallae
Stripe-bellied Sand Snake
Psammophis subtaeniatus
Dwarf Sand Snake
Psammophis angolensis
Olive Grass Snake
Psammophis mossambicus
Semiornate Snake
Meizodon semiornatus
Spotted Bush Snake
Philothamnus semivariegatus
Green Water Snake
Philothamnus hoplogaster
Ornate Green Snake
Philothamnus ornatus
Western Green Snake
Philothamnus angolensis
Common Egg Eater
Dasypeltis scabra
Herald Snake
Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia
Barotse Water Snake
Crotaphopeltis barotseensis
Eastern Tiger Snake
Telescopus semiannulatus
Wilderness Safaris
v
v
v
30
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v
v
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v v
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v
v
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Boomslang
Dispholidus typus
Vine Snake
Thelotornis capensis oatesii
Cobras, Mambas and Allies
Elapidae
*Shield-nose Cobra
Aspidelaps scutatus
Angolan Garter Snake
Elapsoidea semiannulata
Boulenger’s Garter Snake
Elapsoidea boulengeri
Sundervall’s Garter Snake
Elapsoidea sunderwallii fitzsimonsi
Snouted Cobra
Naja annulifera anchietae
*Cape Cobra
Naja nivea
Mozambique Spitting Cobra
Naja mossambica
Black Mamba
Dendroaspis polylepsis
Vipers
Viperidae
Common (Rhombic) Night Adder
Causus rhombeatus
Snouted Night Adder
Causus defilippii
Puff Adder
Bitis arietans
* Horned Adder
Bitis caudalis
Worm-Like Lizards
Amphisbaenidae
Kalahari Round-headed Worm Lizard
Zygaspis quadrifrons
*Black Round-headed Worm Lizard
Zygaspis nigra
v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v
v v
LIV
CKGR
CHIT
KHW
JAO
ABU
XIG
v v v v v v
v v v
v
v
v v v
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*Anchieta’s Spade-snouted Worm Lizard Monopeltis anchietae
*Kalahari Spade-snouted Worm Lizard
KWE
SCIENTIFIC NAME
MOM
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
REPTILES OF BOTSWANA
Monopeltis leonhardi
*Slender Spade-snouted Worm Lizard Monopeltis sphenorhynchus
Blunt-tailed Worm Lizard
Dalophia pistillum
Long-tailed Worm Lizard
Dalophia longicauda
Skinks
Scincidae
*Striped Legless Skink
Typhlosaurus lineatus lineatus
*Kalahari Burrowing Skink
Typhlacontias rohani
Sundevall’s Writhing Skink
Lygosoma sundevallii
Cape Skink
Trachylepsis capensis
Striped Skink
Mabuya striata
Variable Skink
Mabuya varia
*Variegated Skink
Mabuya variegata punctulata
*Spotted-neck Snake-eyed Skink
Panaspis maculilabris
v v v v
v
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v
Sand Lizards and Related Species Lacertidae
Bushveld Lizard
Heliobolus lugubris
Cape Rough-scaled Lizard
Ichnotropis capensis
Common Rough-scaled Lizard
Ichnotropis squamulosa
*Spotted Sandveld Lizard
Nucras intertexta
Namaqua Sand Lizard
Pedioplanis namaquensis
Plated Lizards
Gerrhosauridae
v v v v
v v v v v
v v v v v
v v v
v v
v
v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
Yellow-throated Plated Lizard
Gerrhosaurus flavigularis
Rough-scaled Plated Lizard
Gerrhosaurus major
Kalahari Plated Lizard
Gerrhosaurus multilineatus auritus
Black-lined Plated Lizard
Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus
Monitors
Varanidae
Rock (White-throated) Monitor
Varanus albigularis
Water Monitor
Varanus niloticus
v v v v
v v
v
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31
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Wilderness Safaris
Agamas
Agamidae
Ground Agama
Agama aculeata aculeata
Southern Tree Agama
Acanthocercus atricollis
Chameleons
Chamaeleonidae
Flap-neck Chameleon
Chamaeleo dilepsis
Geckos
Gekkonidae
v
v v
*Kalahari Ground Gecko
Colopus wahlbergii
Lygodactylus capensis
* Chobe Dwarf Gecko
Lygodactylus chobiensis
*Cape Thick-toed Gecko
Pachydactylus capensis
Turner’s Thick-toed Gecko
Pachydactylus turneri
Speckled Thick-toed Gecko
Pachydactylus punctatus
O’Shaughnessy’s Thick-toed Gecko
Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi
*Common Barking Gecko
Ptenopus garrulus garrulus
Crocodylidae
Nile Crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus
v
KHW
v v v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v
SPOTTED BUSH SNAKE
32
LIV
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
GROUND AGAMA
Wilderness Safaris
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
v
v v v v v v v v v
Cape Dwarf Gecko
Crocodiles
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
REPTILES OF BOTSWANA
FLAP-NECK CHAMELEON
v
AMPHIBIANS
The term ‘amphibian’ comes from the Greek: amphi – double; bios – life. This ‘double life’ refers to the two phases
of life that characterise most amphibians. The first is the aquatic tadpole stage, and the second is an adult
terrestrial stage.
The Okavango and Linyanti regions of northern Botswana are known amphibian hotspots, due to the unique
hydrological features of these areas that include permanent streams, swamps and seasonal floodplains dictated
by annual flood regimes and summer rainfall. Around 40 species of amphibians have been recorded in Botswana,
a surprisingly high tally considering the general aridity of most of the country. It is no surprise however, that 33
species alone have been documented in the Okavango Delta owing its variety of available niches. From the low
vantage that a mokoro trip offers, one often sees the likes of Angolan and long reed frog, both making wonderful
photographic subjects.
Following the summer rains, amphibians can also be found in the Central Kalahari, breeding in the brief pools
of standing water. This is the best time to see species like Boettger’s caco and giant bullfrog, depending on the
amount of rainfall.
The amphibian checklist is conveniently categorised in the respective families and taxonomically follows ‘A
Complete Guide to the Frogs of Southern Africa’ by Vincent Carruthers and Louis Du Preez.
GUTTURAL TOAD
GIANT BULLFROG
ANGOLAN REED FROG
SPECKLED-BELLIED GRASS FROG
33
Wilderness Safaris
Toads
LIV
KHW
CKGR
CHIT
JAO
ABU
XIG
MOM
SCIENTIFIC NAME
KWE
BOTS
COMMON NAME
LIN/SEL
AMPHIBIANS OF BOTSWANA
Bufonidae
v v v v v v v v v
*Western Olive Toad
Amietophrynus poweri
Eastern Olive Toad
Amietophrynus garmani
Guttural Toad
Amietophrynus gutturalis
Kavango Pygmy Toad
Poyntonophrynus kavangensis
Northern Pygmy Toad
Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti
Lemaire’s Toad
Amietophrynus lemairii
Flat-backed Toad
Amietophrynus maculatus
Red Toad
Schismaderma carens
Shovel-nosed Frogs
Hemisotidae
Guinea Shovel-nosed Frog
Hemisus guineensis
Mottled Shovel-nosed Frog
Hemisus marmoratus
v v
v v v v
Reed Frogs, Kassinas
Hyperoliidae
Hyperolius bengueellensis
Sharp-nosed Reed Frog
Hyperolius acuticeps
Angolan Reed Frog
Hyperolius parallelus angolensis
Marginated Reed Frog
Hyperolius marginatus
Long Reed Frog
Hyperolius nasutus
Bubbling Kassina
Kassina senegalensis
Rain Frogs
Breviceptidae
Bushveld Rain Frog
Breviceps adspersus
Microhylidae
Banded Rubber Frog
Phrynomantis bifasciatus
Platannas (Clawed Frogs)
Pipidae
Common Platanna
Xenopus laevis
Müller’s Platanna
Xenopus muelleri
Peters’ Platanna
Xenopus petersii
Puddle Frogs
Phrynobatrachidae
v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
Bocage’s Sharp-nosed Reed Frog
Rubber Frogs
v v v v v v v v v v
v v v v
v v
v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v
Dwarf Puddle Frog
Phrynobatrachus mababiensis
Snoring Puddle Frog
Phrynobatrachus natalensis
Ornate Frogs and Grass Frogs
Ptychadenidae
Ornate Frog
Hildebrandtia ornata
Plain Grass Frog
Ptychadena anchietae
Guibe’s Grass Frog
Ptychadena guibei
Mascarene Grass Frog
Ptychadena mascareniensis
Broad-banded Grass Frog
Ptychadena mossambica
Sharp-nosed Grass Frog
Ptychadena oxyrhynchus
Speckle-bellied Grass Frog
Ptychadena subpunctata
Dwarf Grass Frog
Ptychadena taenioscelis
v
v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v v
v v v v v v
v v v
v v v v v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v v v v v v v
v v v v v
v
v v
v
v v
v
v v
v
v v
v
v v v v
v
v
v
v
v
Bullfrogs, Cacos and Sand Frogs Pyxicephalidae
Giant Bullfrog
Pyxicephalus adspersus
African Bullfrog
Pyxicephalus edulis
Tremelo Sand Frog
Tomopterna cryptotis
Knocking Sand Frog
Tomopterna krugerensis
Russet-backed Sand Frog
Tomopterna marmorata
*Tandy’s Sand Frog
Tomopterna tandyi
Wilderness Safaris
v v v v
v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v v
v
v
v
v
v v
34
v
v v v v v
True Frogs
Ranidae
Darling’s Golden-backed Frog
Hylarana darlingi
Foam Nest Frogs
Rhacophoridae
Southern Foam Nest Frog
Chiromantis xerampelina
LIV
CKGR
CHIT
KHW
JAO
ABU
XIG
KWE
MOM
BOTS
SCIENTIFIC NAME
LIN/SEL
COMMON NAME
v
v v v v v v v v v
v
TRAVEL NOTES AND HIGHLIGHTS
DAY 1
DAY 5
DAY 2
DAY 6
DAY 3
DAY 7
DAY 4
DAY 8
35
Wilderness Safaris
WILDERNESS SAFARIS SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY
Wilderness Safaris views its role in conservation in Africa as:
•
•
•
Ensuring sustainable protection of carbon sinks and biodiversity through the creation of viable
ecotourism businesses either within formally protected areas or on community or privately-owned
land without formal protection.
Ensuring that ecotourism remains the chosen alternative in an economic sense to less sustainable
industries such as mining, agriculture, farming, hydroelectric schemes and others that irrevocably
damage biodiversity, wilderness and ecosystem processes.
Creating a profitable, ethical and responsible business that others are able to imitate and implement
in regions where we are not active or cannot make a difference ourselves.
We understand this role as that of building sustainable conservation economies.
The Wilderness Safaris sustainability strategy is one that is neatly encapsulated by the 4Cs: Conservation, Community,
Culture and Commerce. Commerce is of course the C that underpins the sustainability of the business and industry
in general. The tenets of each of the remaining three Cs are elucidated briefly below. Conservation
Conservation is comprised of two equally important elements:
i) Environmental Management Systems concerns the management of our camp and office operations in the most
sustainable and environmentally sensitive way possible through the use of minimum standards, measurement,
efficiencies and mitigation, renewable energy technologies and education of our staff and guests to ensure the
lowest possible carbon footprint. Water usage, waste treatment and recycling, and construction and rehabilitation of
old lodge sites are all important additional aspects.
ii) Biodiversity Conservation covers the measurement and understanding of our biodiversity footprint and its
management, and where relevant the enhancement of indigenous species richness through reintroductions (of
absent indigenous species) and rehabilitation (through vegetation management and anti-poaching), as well as
research projects – in short, the fulfilling of our obligations as custodians of more than 3 million hectares (8 million
acres) of wild areas in Africa.
Community
The honest, mutually beneficial and dignified engagement of our rural community partners (staff, equity partners,
landlords, neighbours) in ways that ensure sustainability beyond the lifespan and aegis of our organisation and
which deliver a meaningful and life-changing share of the proceeds of responsible ecotourism to all stakeholders.
These mechanisms include community-centric employment, joint ventures (equity, revenue share, traversing
fees), education (children’s camps; bursaries) and training, social benefits, capacity building and infrastructure
development (e.g. schools, crèches, clinics).
Culture
Culture is a multifaceted element that governs respect for the culture of all employees as well as remote rural
communities surrounding the conservation areas. This is reflected in: a healthy social environment in camp; area
appropriate camp design, decor, entertainment and meals; respect for traditional rights within and surrounding
the conservation area; guest visits to traditional villages and homesteads; communication of the area’s traditional
culture to guests and staff.
Wilderness Safaris
36
LION
WHITE RHINOCEROS
RUFOUS-BELLIED HERON
CHACMA BABOON
GUINEA SHOVEL-NOSED FROG
SOUTHERN CARMINE BEE-EATER
SOUTHERN GIRAFFE
GREATER KUDU
Copy: Martin Benadie and Chris Roche
Design: Mary-Anne Van Der Byl
Photographers: Dana Allen, Grant Atkinson, Martin Benadie, Caroline Culbert, Russel Friedman, Derek de la Harpe,
Lets Kamogelo, Marleen Le Roux and Mike Myers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With appreciation to all who have contributed to this species checklist, including all camp and Explorations guides, but
particularly: Grant Atkinson, Martin Benadie, Victor Horatius, Glynis Humphrey, Cathy Kays, David Kays, Martin Kays, Dave Luck,
Moa Monwedi, Angela Morgan, Tony Reumerman, James Rawdon, Chris Roche, Brian Rode, Chantal Venter and James Weiss. If we
have left anyone out, this was unintentional. Please accept our sincere apologies.
COVER IMAGES (Top to Bottom)
Front: Pel’s Fishing-Owl, Serrated Tent Tortoise, Red Lechwe, African Pygmy-Goose, Serval, Long Reed Frog.
Back: Hippopotamus, Tsessebe, Coppery-tailed Coucal, Aardwolf, Blue-cheeked Bee-eater.
www.wilderness-safaris.com
www.wildernesstrust.com
www.childreninthewilderness.com
www.wilderness-the4cs.com
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