WIRE ROPE HANDBOOK

WIRE ROPE HANDBOOK
COOKES
Wire Rope Manufacture at Cookes
Factory in Auckland.
The Only Manufacturer of Wire Rope in
New Zealand.
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CONTENTS
About Cookes ................................................ 4
Cookes Product Range .................................. 6
Wire Rope Design & Construction .............. 10
Wire Rope Selection
Engineering & General Purpose Ropes ....... 34
Logging Ropes ............................................. 38
Fishing Ropes .............................................. 44
Marine Ropes ............................................... 58
Crane Ropes................................................. 72
Elevator Ropes ............................................. 78
Stay Strand & Clothes Line ......................... 82
Services ........................................................ 86
Associated Products..................................... 90
Branches ...................................................... 98
Ropes in this catalogue are manufactured in
accordance with:
BS 302 Parts 2, 3, 6, 7 & 8.
BS EN 12385-1-4-5:2002
I.S.O. 2408:1985
Minimum breaking loads (MBL) are quoted in this
catalogue in kilo Newtons.
kN x 0.10197 = tonne.
tonne x 9.80665 = kN.
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New Zealand’s Most Extensive
Industrial Support Service.
• The firm of William Cooke & Company was
founded in 1862 at Tinsley in the United
Kingdom. An office was opened in Auckland
in 1911 to handle the distribution of wire rope
and associated products in New Zealand.
• Cookes are now part of the F. K. I. group of
Companies that includes a number of the
world’s leading lifting equipment manufacturers including Parsons Chain Co. (U.K.) and
Crosby International (U.S.A.).
• Cookes operate New Zealand’s only wire
rope manufacturing plant.
• Cookes operate websling and webbing load
restraint manufacturing plants in both Auckland and Christchurch.
• Cookes Engineering Workshop manufactures
cutting edges for supply throughout New
Zealand.
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• All products manufactured by Cookes meet
worldwide standards such as Lloyds Register
of Shipping, New Zealand Standards Association, British Standards and ISO 9002
Quality Assurance.
• Cookes head office and branches carry
TELARC ISO 9002 accreditation.
• Cookes operate load testing facilities at most
branches throughout New Zealand and on-site
testing vehicles in both Auckland and
Christchurch.
• In 1992 a manufacturing plant was installed
to produce the Brifen road safety barrier
system for highways throughout New Zealand
and export.
• In 1994 a 150 tonne Rotary Swaging Machine was installed to produce swaged wire
rope for the logging industry and later the
fishing industry. In 2001 a second swager was
added to handle the increased demand for this
product.
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Product Range
WIRE ROPE: Conventional, Swaged, Dyform,
Dyswaged, Blue Strand, N. Z. manufacture up to
60 mm dia. Imported Casar and Korean
TESTING SERVICES: Proof loading of all
lifting equipment (Telarc Registered). 100 tonne
test bed, non-destructive testing, telemetry load
cells up to 100 tonnes.
BLOCKS: Electric/manual chain blocks, pulley,
crane and logging blocks,stainless steel pulleys.
ESCO EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT: Bucket
teeth and adaptors, Super V, ripper shanks and tips,
grader shanks and tips, end bits, cutting edges and
plow bolts to suit.
GRADER BLADES: Cutting edges, end bits and
plow bolts. Mouldboard liners.
CRUSHER PARTS: Jaws, mantles and hammers.
SCREENS: Both wire and polyurethane.
PENGO: Auger equipment, trencher teeth.
LUBRICANTS: Brilube wire rope dressing.
SLINGS: Wire and fibre rope, chain and web
slings.
LOG RIGGING EQUIPMENT: Marlin spikes,
cee hooks, chokers, ferrules, pulley blocks, log
grapples, rings, butt rigging.
EYE BOLTS: Certified, all sizes available,
threaded or blank. Stainless steel commercial
eyebolts.
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Product Range
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT: Tractor
accessories and 3-point linkage parts.
HOISTS: Chain lever type, Supertil wire rope
hoists, travelling trolleys, plate lifting clamps.
HOOKS: Crane, eye and swivel hooks, marine
certified. Cee, choker, stainless steel, snap and
chain grab hooks.
CHAIN: Galvanised, all sizes, mooring chain, load
restraint, hi tensile, lifting chain, grade 80 & grade
100 chain, chain swivels, security chain and
stainless steel chain.
HYDRAULIC TOOLS: Enerpac hand and
powered pumps, cylinders. Extra high pressure
hose. Full range of product available.
TRANSMISSION: V-belts, timing belts,
transmission, conveyor, feeder, attachment and
agriculture chain. Saw chain and accessories.
Sprockets and pulleys, automotive V-belts, chain
breakers, motorcycle chain. “Aqua” corrosion
resistant chain.
WEBBING AND CARGO EQUIPMENT:
Manufacturers of webslings to NZS5227, truck
tiedown restraints, recovery straps, mini tiedown
restraints, curtainside webbing and fittings, boat
and motorcycle straps, roundslings.
HOSE AND COUPLINGS: Complete range
hydraulic hose and couplings. Automotive and
industrial hose.
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Product Range
HIGH TENSILE LIFTING CHAIN: Kuplex,
Weissenfels and Hercalloy chain.
Complete range of fittings to suit all applications.
LOADBINDERS: Lever and ratchet type chain
twitches.
MARINE PRODUCTS: Shackles, swivels, fibre
ropes, boat trailer winch ropes, thimbles,
turnbuckles, rigging screws, boat trailer winches,
stainless steel rigging hardware, stainless steel
chain, mooring and anchor chain.
FIBRE ROPES: Full range of natural and
synthetic fibre rope at wholesale prices.
SHACKLES: Commercial or certified, galvanised
or self colour, bow or dee. Hi-load alloy. Stainless
steel dee.
HEIGHT SAFETY EQUIPMENT: Full range of
harnesses, lanyards, fall arrest devices and
karabiners.
WEARALLOY: High impact and abrasion
resistant steel. All sizes available.
ASK OUR STAFF FOR FURTHER DETAILS
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This catalogue is designed to provide a non-technical guide to the selection of a suitable wire rope for
various applications. Technical information is restricted to weights and breaking loads and a few formulae. Constructions and sizes shown here are those
commonly available and used in New Zealand but
there are many others and enquiries for special applications should be directed to your nearest Cookes
branch.
Wire Rope is a machine of many working parts and
like most machines it must be made right, selected
right for the application and used correctly in that
application. Like many machines, there is a great
variety of types of wire rope, each with different properties to suit it’s intended use. The internal combustion engine used to power a racing car is quite different to the one powering a large truck although they
both may produce the same horsepower. Like many
machines it is impossible to combine the advantages
of each type into one single machine. The high horsepower and low weight of a racing engine would be
great in a truck. The high fuel cost and short life would
not. The same with wire rope, the attributes that make
one construction eminently suitable for one application could well be a total disaster in another.
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WIRE ROPE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Wire ropes are composed of independent parts - wires,
strands and cores - that interact with each other during service.
Wire rope engineers design those parts in different
steel grades, finishes and a variety of constructions
to attain the best balance of strength, abrasion resistance, crush resistance, bending fatigue resistance and
corrosion resistance for each application.
To select the best wire rope for each application, one
must know the required performance characteristics
for the job and enough about wire rope design to select the optimum combination of wire rope properties.
The following information is provided as a basic
guide. Our expert in house staff and field service specialists are available to provide more specific recommendations.
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The three attributes of a wire rope to consider are:
(1) Strength.
(2) Flexibility.
(3) Robustness.
In all dynamic rope applications (as opposed to static
applications such as guy wires etc.) the choice is invariably a compromise.
Strength can be increased by increasing the diameter
of the wire rope and/or increasing the tensile strength
of the individual wires and/or increasing the cross
sectional steel content (by decreasing the air voids
between the wires) and/or using a steel core construction.
Flexibility can be increased by using more wires of a
smaller diameter and/or decreasing the tensile
strength of the individual wires and/or using a fibre
core.
Robustness, or resistance to physical damage, can
be increased by using fewer wires of a larger diameter and/or using a steel core and/or by increasing
the steel area exposed to sources of external damage. Coatings such as galvanizing or others can be
applied to protect against corrosion.
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In almost all cases improving one attribute distracts from another. In addition the wire rope’s workplace is rarely ideal. Apart from the environment (dirt,
dust, moisture and chemicals), the equipment to
which the rope is fitted is rarely ideal and another set
of compromises must be decided on. For example all
wire rope suffers from being bent and the smaller the
bend radius the shorter the rope life. For a 26mm
wire rope to escape bend fatigue the winch drum or
block sheaves over which it runs would need a minimum diameter of over 1.5 metres. This is clearly
impractical in many applications, and unnecessary if
bend fatigue does not cause the ultimate demise of
the rope.
Tensile
1770mpa
1570mpa
1420mpa
12
Hardness of Wire Rope
Brinell
Rockwell C
425/510
45
400/425
43
380/425
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TERMINOLOGY
Wire rope consists of a number of strands laid up
usually over a central core. Each strand is made
from a number of individual wires.
Wire
Strand
Rope
Core
CORES
Almost all wire rope is laid up over a core, Fibre
Core (natural or synthetic), Independent Wire Rope
Core or Wire Strand Core (FC, IWRC or WSC):
Fibre Core
Independent
Wire Rope Core
Wire Strand
Core
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STRAND CONSTRUCTIONS.
Strands are designed with various combinations of
wires and wire sizes to produce the desired resistance
to fatigue and abrasion. Generally, a small number
of large wires will be more abrasion resistant and
less fatigue resistant than a large number of small
wires.
14
Single
Size
The basic strand has wires
of the same size wound
around a centre.
Seale
Large outer wires with the
same number of small inner
wires around a core wire.
Provides excellent abrasion
resistance but less fatigue
resistance. When used with
an IWRC, it offers excellent
crush resistance over
drums.
Filler
Wire
Small wires fill spaces
between large wires to
produce crush resistance
and a good balance of
strength, flexibility and
resistance to abrasion
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Outer layer of alternately large and small
wires provides good
Warrington
flexibility and strength
but low abrasion and
crush resistance.
Seale
Filler
Wire
Filler
Wire
Seale
Many commonly used
wire ropes use combinations of these basic
constructions
Warrington
Seale
Multiple
Operation
One of the above strand
designs may be covered
with one or more layers
of uniform sized wires.
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LAY
Regular Lay
The most common
lay in which the
wires wind in one
direction and the
strands the opposite direction (right lay shown).
Less likely to kink and untwist, easier to handle,
more crush resistant than Lang lay.
Lang Lay
Wires in strands
and strands of rope
wind the same
direction (right lay
shown). Increased resistance to abrasion, greater
flexibility and fatigue resistance than regular lay,
will kink and untwist.
Right Lay
Strands wound to
the right around the
core (regular lay
shown). The most
common construction.
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LAY
Left Lay
Strands wound to
the left around the
core (regular lay
shown). Used in a
few special situations - cable tool drilling line, for
example.
Alternate Lay
Alternate strands of
right regular and
right Lang lay.
Combines the best
features of regular and Lang lay for boom hoist or
winch lines.
WIRE ROPE SIZE
The size of a wire rope is the diameter of a
circle which will just enclose all the strands.
Wrong
Right
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FINISH
Bright finish is suitable for most applications. Galvanized finish is available for corrosive environments.
Plastic jacketing is also available on some constructions.
WIRE GRADES
The most common steel wire grades are: 1420-1770
N/mm², and 1860N/mm². Stainless steels and other
special grades are provided for special applications.
Most wire ropes are made with round wires. Both
triangular and shaped wires are also used for special
constructions.
Generally, the higher the strength of the wire, the
lower it’s ductility will be.
ABRASION AND BENDING
Fatigue Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
DECREASES
with smaller wires
DECREASES
with fewer wires
ß ß
Ý
INCREASES
with larger wires
Ý
INCREASES
with more wires
The “X-Chart”. Abrasion Resistance Vs Bending
Fatigue Resistance.
While there is a possibility, there is little likelihood
that an application can be found for which there is a
precisely suitable wire rope.
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As with all engineering design proplems, feasible
solutions demand compromise to some degree. At
times is becomes neccessary to settle for less than
optimum resistance to abrasion in order to obtain the
maximum flexibility: the latter being a more important requirement for a given job. A typical example
of this kind of trade-off would be in selecting a highly
flexible rope on an overhead crane. Conversly, in a
haulage installation, a rope with greater resistance to
abrasion would be chosen despite the fact that such
ropes are markedly less flexible.
Two compelling factors that govern most decisions
as to the selection of a wire rope are abrasion resistance and resistance to bending fatigue. Striking a
proper balance with respect to these two important
characteristics demands judgement of a very high
order. A graphic presentation of just such comparison of qualities between the most widely used rope
constructions and others is given by means of an Xchart.
Referring to this chart when selecting a rope, the
midpoint (at the X) comes close to an even balance
between abrasion resistance and resistance to bending fatigue. Reading up or down along either leg of
the X, the inverse relationship becomes more apparent as one quality increases and the other decreases.
See next page.
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The “X Chart”
ST
Ü
G
RE
Flattened Strand
TO
AB
CE
RA
SI
O
AN
ST
12
6x21FW
NÞ
SI
10
6x19S
RE
T
AT
E
AS
9
BE
6x26FW
CE
ST
AN
SI
RE
Ü
RE
E
AT
T
6x36WS
G
AS
Þ
UE
6x49FWS
ST
LE
G
16
6x31WS
TI
FA
14
G
12
IN
TO
ND
12
18
20
6x7
LE
NUMBER OF OUTSIDE WIRES PER STRAND
6
6x64
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EFFECT OF SHEAVE SIZE
Wire Ropes are Manufactured in a great variety of
constructions to meet the varying demands of wire
rope usage. Where abrasion is an important factor,
the rope must be made of a coarse construction containing relatively large wires. In other cases, the great
amount of bending to which a rope is subjected is
more important. Here, a more flexible construction,
containing many relatively small wires, is required.
In either case, however, if the rope operates over inadequate size sheaves, the severe bending stresses
imposed will cause the wires to break from fatigue,
even though actual wear is slight. The smaller the
diameter of the sheave, the sooner these fatigue breaks
will occur and the shorter rope life becomes.
Another undesirable effect of small sheaves is accelerated wear of both rope and sheave groove. The pressure per unit of rope on sheave for a given load is
inversely proportional to the size of the sheave. In
other words the smaller the sheave the greater the
rope pressure per unit area on the groove. Using the
proper diameter sheave for the size and construction
of rope can obviously prolong both sheave and rope
life.
Sheave diameter can also influence rope strength.
When a wire rope is bent around a sheave, there is a
loss of effective strength.
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This is due to the inability of the individual strands
and wires to adjust themselves entirely to their
changed position. Tests show that rope strength efficiency decreases to a marked degree as the sheave
diameter is reduced with with respect to the diameter of the rope.
Therefore, it is evident that a definite relationship
exists between rope service and sheave size. As a
guide to rope users, wire rope manufacturers have
established standards for sheave sizes to be used with
various rope constructions. To secure the most economical service, it is important that the suggested
size of sheaves given on the following page be used.
As a rope is run through a groove, both become
smaller. A used groove can be too small for a new
rope, thus accelerating rope wear. A compromise
between rope life and machining frequency must be
made.
Grooves should have an arc of contact with the wire
rope between 135 and 150 degrees. They should be
tapered to permit the rope to enter and leave the
groove smoothly. Field inspection groove gauges are
made to the nominal diameter of the rope plus 1/2 of
the allowable rope oversize tolerance. When the
gauge fits perfectly, the groove is
at the minimum permissible contour
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PROPER SHEAVE AND DRUM SIZES
Construction
Suggested Minimum
D/d* ratio D/d* ratio
6x7
19x7 or 18x7
Rotation resistant
72
42
51
34
6x19 Seale
51
34
6x27 H Flattened strand
45
30
6x31V Flattened strand
45
30
6x21 Filler wire
45
30
6x25 Filler wire
39
26
6x31 Warrington Seale
39
26
6x36 Warrington Seale
35
23
8x19 Seale
41
27
8x25 Filler wire
32
21
6x41 Warrington Seale
32
21
6x42 Filler
21
14
*D = tread diameter of sheave.
d = nominal diameter of rope.
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DRUM WINDING
It is very important to have a rope wind evenly
and tightly on a smooth drum. Due to lay direction
and tension, rope has a tendency to rotate or roll as it
approaches a winch drum. This characteristic is used
to advantage by establishing the winding direction
and dead end location so the rope will rotate in the
direction of the preceding wrap. Tightly packed wraps
on the all-important first layer will ensure proper
winding for additional layers.
If the drum attachment and direction of wraps
are not correctly selected, the first layer of rope will
not wind evenly or tightly, causing the second layer
to pinch down between the wraps of the first layer.
The resultant uneven winding will become worse with
each succeeding layer and result in abnormal scuffing and abrasion. If there are sufficient layers the rope
will pile up and “fall over” on itself with disastrous
results.
The hand rule is a convenient way to check
the correct lay for an installation. The extended thumb
points to the flange to which the rope is terminated
while the extended forefinger represents the rope
leaving the drum. A palm up hand represents
underwind and palm down overwind. If the right hand
meets the conditions, use right hand lay rope and vice
versa.
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RIGHT HAND - RIGHT LAY ROPE
Overwind
Underwind
Right hand, palm down
Right hand, palm up
LEFT HAND - LEFT LAY ROPE
Overwind
Underwind
Left hand, palm down
Left hand, palm up
Left lay is not always readily available so design
equipment to accept right lay if possible.
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FLEET ANGLE
Excessive fleet angles can cause serious
damage to wire rope, sheaves and grooved drums.
Severe scuffing results when rope wears against
groove walls, grinding them down causing the rope
to become bruised and crushed.
Fleet
Angle
Sheave
C/line
Rope
C/line
26
Fleet
Angle
Fleet angles on equipment should preferably
be kept between 1° and
1.5° and should not
exceed 2° for smooth
drums or 4° for grooved
drums. To ensure the
rope crossing back and
starting the second layer
properly without
assistance the fleet
angle should not be less
than 1°.
The fleet angle is that
angle between the
centre line of the first
fixed sheave and the
centre line of the rope
leading to the drum.
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CALCULATION OF DRUM CAPACITIES
Capacity in metres = (A+B) x A x C x N
The value of N is taken from the table below
Rope
dia.
6
10
11
13
14
N
87.226
31.416
25.963
18.589
16.028
Rope
dia.
N
16 12.271
19
8.702
22
6.491
26
4.647
28
4.007
Rope
dia.
32
35
38
40
44
N
3.068
2.565
2.176
1.963
1.623
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
Rope length (m) = (A + B) x A x C x p x 106
d²
Where A, B & C are quoted in metres and d in mm
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MULTIPLE PULLEY SYSTEMS
Under static conditions the tension in each
part of a rope in a multi-reeved system will be the
total load to be lifted divided by the number of
parts supporting the load. When the load is raised it
is necessary to take into account forces required to
overcome friction in the sheave bearings and the
resistance to bending of the rope as it passes over
the sheave. These additional forces are cumulative
and vary with the type of bearing and the sheave
tread:rope diameter ratio.
t
Sheave:rope
Plain
Ball/Roller
dia ratio
Bearing
Bearing
about 15:1 8%/sheave 5%/sheave
about 20:1 6%/sheave 4%/sheave
> 25:1
5%/sheave 3%/sheave
No of
parts 3%
1 1.030W
2 0.523W
3 0.354W
4 0.269W
5 0.218W
6 0.185W
7 0.161W
8 0.143W
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Percent per Sheave
6%
5%
4%
1.040W 1.050W 1.060W
0.530W 0.538W 0.545W
0.360W 0.367W 0.374W
0.276W 0.282W 0.289W
0.225W 0.231W 0.237W
0.191W 0.197W 0.203W
0.167W 0.173W 0.179W
0.149W 0.155W 0.161W
8%
1.080W
0.561W
0.388W
0.302W
0.250W
0.216W
0.192W
0.174W
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SAFE WORKING LOADS
The safe working load (SWL) of a wire rope
or a sling made from it is calculated by dividing
the particular wire rope’s minimum breaking load
(MBL) by the safety factor to be used. This safety
factor depends on the application and may be
determined by legislation or other codes of practice. A common safety factor is 5:1 which means
the SWL of the rope is 1/5th of it’s MBL. Where
the load is evenly supported by more than one
length of rope the SWL can be increased as shown:
Load carried
on two parts
at 90°
= SWL x 1.4
Load carried
on two parts
= SWL x .8
Load carried
equally on two parts
at 30º = SWL x 2
at 60º = SWL x 1.8
at 90º = SWL x 1.4
at 120º = SWL x 1
Load carried
on four parts
at 90°
= SWL x 2.1
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Incorrect installation or handling prior to installation can damage a wire rope and cause failure
before it is even put to work. Care must be taken to
avoid putting a kink in the rope and thus permanently
damaging it. DO NOT lie the coil on it’s side or the
reel on it’s flange and lift the wraps off the top! The
following illustrations demonstrate correct methods:
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Ensure that wire rope always passes around
winch drums and sheaves in the same direction (always clockwise or always anticlockwise) and ensure
that the rope is loaded to equipment in the same direction as supplied i.e. top of reel (or coil) to top of
winch drum or bottom to bottom, never top to bottom or vice versa:
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Wire Rope
Selection
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Engineering &
General Purpose Ropes
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Engineering & General
Purpose Ropes
6 x 19
9/9/1
1770 N/mm²
6 x 31
12/6&6/6/1 Fibre Core
1770 N/mm²
IWRC
6 x 36
14/7&7/7/1
1770 N/mm²
Galvanised
6 x 41
16/8&8/8/1
1770 N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
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Dia
(mm)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
32
35
36
38
40
44
48
52
54
56
60
MBL (kN*)
FC
IWRC
37.40
47.30
58.40
70.70
84.10
98.70
114.00
150.00
189.00
211.00
234.00
283.00
336.00
395.00
458.00
598.00
716.00
757.00
843.00
935.00
1131.00
1346.00
1579.00
1703.00
1832.00
2103.00
40.31
50.99
62.96
76.20
90.71
105.91
123.56
160.83
203.98
226.53
252.03
304.99
362.85
425.61
494.26
644.30
771.78
816.89
910.06
1008
1220
1452
1704
1737
1976
2268
Weight (kg/m)
FC
IWRC
.231
.292
.361
.437
.520
.610
.708
.924
1.17
1.30
1.44
1.75
2.08
2.44
2.83
3.70
4.42
4.68
5.21
5.78
6.99
8.32
9.76
10.53
11.32
13.00
.255
.322
.398
.482
.573
.673
.780
1.02
1.29
1.44
1.59
1.93
2.29
2.69
3.12
4.08
4.88
5.16
5.75
6.37
7.71
9.17
10.76
11.61
12.48
14.33
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
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Logging Ropes
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Logging Ropes
6 x 19 IWRC
9/9/1
1770 N/mm²
Standard
6 x 31 IWRC
12/6&6/6/1
1770 N/mm²
Standard
6 x 26 IWRC
10/5&5/5/1
1770 N/mm²
Dyform
Specifications facing page
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Dia
(mm)
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
32
35
38
MBL (kN*)
Std.
Dyform
106.00
120
124.00
140
161.00
185
204.00
236
227.00
258
252.00
295
305.00
350
363.00
415
426.00
481
494..00
560
645.00
732
772.00
910.00
Weight (kg/m)
Std.
Dyform
.673
.78
.780
.90
1.02
1.17
1.29
1.48
1.44
1.66
1.59
1.82
1.93
2.17
2.29
2.66
2.69
3.13
3.12
3.59
4.08
4.69
4.88
5.75
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
41
COOKES
Logging Ropes (Cont.)
Swaged
6 x 19 IWRC
9/9/1
6 x 26 IWRC
10/5&5/5/1
6 x 31 IWRC
12/6&6/6/1
1770 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
42
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
13
16
19
23
26
28
32
MBL (kN*)
Swaged
147
237
340
437
574
659
812
Weight (kg/m)
Swaged
.84
1.2
1.5
2.1
2.9
3.3
5.2
Dyswaged available on request
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
43
COOKES
44
COOKES
Fishing Ropes
45
COOKES
Fishing Ropes
Standard
Dyform
3 x 19F
12/6+6F/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
3 x 26
10/5&5/5/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
3 x 31
12/6&6/6/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
46
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
2.50
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
MBL (kN*)
Std.
Dyform
4.58
34.30
50.16
59.20
73.15
83.02
87.00
115.52
158.47
184.42
213.45
216.00
280.00
330.30
372.02
461.90
117.12
162.30
196.35
230.44
250.00
298.84
356.94
428.42
485.05
Weight (kg/m)
Std.
.0233
.24
.30
.36
.44
.52
.62
.71
.95
1.20
1.30
1.48
1.78
2.04
2.41
2.85
Dyform
.744
1.00
1.23
1.42
1.55
1.90
2.30
2.79
2.99
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
47
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.)
Swaged
Fibre Core
4 x 30
12/6+6/6/F
1420/1770 N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
48
COOKES
Dia (mm)
10
12
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
MBL (kN*)
73.00
105.00
132.00
174.00
224.00
254.00
276.00
326.56
356.00
Weight (kg/m)
.43
.58
.80
1.078
1.430
1.695
1.780
2.012
2.433
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
49
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.)
Standard
6 x 15
7/7/1
6 x 17
8/8/1
6 x 19
9/9/1
Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 21
10/5+5f/1
6 x 26
10/5&5/5/1
6 x 31
12/6&6/6/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
50
Specifications facing page
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
MBL (kN*)
Fibre
33.13
47.31
54.00
68.20
82.70
87.60
102.00
133.00
179.00
187.00
207.00
251.00
298.00
350.00
406.00
468.32
567.97
IWRC
39.37
43.00
56.88
67.67
81.16
94.50
110.00
143.00
181.00
204.00
224.00
271.00
363.00
387.00
484.07
521.18
591.80
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
0.23
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.52
0.61
0.71
0.92
1.17
1.30
1.44
1.75
2.08
2.44
2.83
2.97
3.44
IWRC
.24
.323
0.41
0.48
0.57
0.67
0.78
1.02
1.27
1.39
1.59
1.93
2.29
2.69
3.12
3.51
4.06
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
51
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.)
Dyform
6 x 19
9/9/1
Fibre Core
6 x 26
10/5&5/5/1
IWRC
6 x 31
12/6&6/6/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
52
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
29
30
32
MBL (kN*)
Fibre
57.86
72.12
82.88
89.84
122.00
143.00
193.27
204.54
231.55
278.18
328.99
402.00
442.45
464.00
515.50
574.77
IWRC
61.88
78.67
90.62
108.92
121.60
168.27
211.60
220.00
250.35
301.30
354.98
413.00
479.09
591.77
623.66
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
.36
.449
.518
.621
.703
.963
1.21
1.37
1.51
1.91
2.13
2.52
2.85
3.25
3.40
3.69
IWRC
.42
.521
.601
.722
.827
1.12
1.40
1.54
1.73
2.09
2.47
2.93
3.32
3.98
4.31
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
53
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.)
Dy/Swaged
6 x 19
9/9/1
Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 26
10/5&5/5/1
6 x 31
12/6&6/6/1
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
54
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
10
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
MBL (kN*)
Fibre
65.20
92.94
110.22
128.33
165.32
222.30
229.30
266.03
313.82
364.12
451.98
497.72
570.02
671.27
IWRC
69.99
99.84
119.08
137.15
184.40
246.51
253.65
310.74
336.95
391.73
483.30
539.10
616.10
725.03
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
.43
.613
.726
.848
1.09
1.45
1.50
1.74
2.08
2.40
2.98
3.56
3.78
4.53
IWRC
.49
.694
.831
.998
1.25
1.64
1.73
1.97
2.36
2.72
3.36
3.8
4.3
5.13
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
55
COOKES
Fishing Ropes (Cont.)
Combination Ropes
6 x Decitex/9/f
6 x Decitex/15/9/f
Polyprop Core
IWRC
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
56
COOKES
MBL (kN*)
Dia
mm
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
60
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
IWRC
Fibre
IWRC
35.00
40.00
49.00
55.25
68.71
78.72
101.5
117.0
143.0
610.0
50.00
53.50
59.54
69.09
101.0
115.0
161.0
176.0
213.0
904.0
.268
.366
.380
.580
.688
.720
.880
1.02
1.61
4.68
.324
.460
.491
.620
.873
.950
1.10
1.32
1.61
6.42
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
57
COOKES
58
COOKES
Marine Ropes
59
COOKES
Marine Ropes
Stainless 316
1 x 19
12/6/1
Specifications facing page
60
COOKES
Dia. (mm)
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
MBL (kN*)
1.8
3.3
5.2
7.4
13.1
20.6
29.7
40.4
52.8
66.8
82.4
101.0
118.6
Weight (kg/m)
.011
.020
.031
.044
.079
.124
.178
.243
.317
.401
.495
.599
.713
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
61
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
Stainless 316
7x7
6/1
7 x 19
12/6/1
or
9/9/1
Specifications facing page
62
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
MBL (kN*)
7x7
1.30
2.37
3.71
5.34
7.60
9.46
14.8
21.4
29.1
38.0
59.3
85.4
117.0
7 x 19
2.2
3.4
5.0
7.0
8.9
13.9
20.0
27.3
35.6
55.6
80.0
84.4
109.0
Weight (kg/m)
7x7
.0096
.0170
.027
.037
.049
.065
.094
.136
.185
.242
.378
.545
.741
7 x 19
.018
.026.
.038
.050
.068
.093
.134
.182
.238
.372
.535
.579
.728
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
63
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
6 x 19
12/6/1
Fibre Core
IWRC
6 x 19
(9/9/1)
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
Note
The above ropes can be manufactured
with a P.V.C. covering
up to 32:00mm outside dia.
Specifications facing page
64
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
32
MBL (kN*)
Fibre
33.13
41.91
53.89
65.86
77.43
87.42
101.79
132.72
167.65
186.61
206.57
250.47
297.38
349.27
405.16
544.35
IWRC
39.37
43.00
56.88
67.67
80.61
94.63
109.83
143.18
192.77
202.00
224.57
269.44
333.43
377.21
484.00
606.75
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
0.23
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.52
0.61
0.71
0.92
1.17
1.30
1.44
1.75
2.08
2.44
2.83
3.44
IWRC
0.24
0.32
0.41
0.48
0.57
0.67
0.78
1.02
1.27
1.39
1.59
1.93
2.29
2.69
3.12
4.06
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
65
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
6x7
6/1
Fibre Core
WSC
7x7
6/1
1770 N/mm²
Galvanised
Note
The above ropes can be manufactured with
a P.V.C. covering
up to 32:00mm outside dia.
Specifications facing page
66
COOKES
Dia
mm
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
28.0
MBL (kN*)
6x7
7x7
Fibre
WSC
2.35
2.54
3.66
4.28
5.29
5.72
9.40
10.20
14.70
15.90
21.20
22.90
28.80
31.10
37.60
40.70
47.60
51.50
58.80
63.50
71.10
76.90
84.60
91.50
99.30
107.00
115.00
125.00
150.00
163.00
190.00
206.00
212.00
229.00
236.00
254.00
284.00
308.00
338.00
366.00
397.00
430.00
461.00
498.00
Weight (kg/m)
6x7
7x7
Fibre
WSC
.0138
.0152
.0196
.0236
.0311
.0343
.0554
.0610
.0865
.0953
.125
.137
.170
.187
.221
.244
.280
.309
.346
.381
.419
.461
.498
.549
.585
.644
.678
.747
.886
.975
1.12
1.23
1.25
1.38
1.38
1.52
1.67
1.84
1.99
2.19
2.34
2.58
2.71
2.99
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
67
COOKES
Marine Ropes (Cont.)
Small Cords
6 x 19
&
7 x 19
6 x 19
Fibre
7 x 19 or
6 x 19 WSC
9/9/1
&
12/6/1
1770 N/mm²
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
68
COOKES
Dia
mm
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
MBL (kN*)
Fibre
4.89
6.64
8.69
10.98
13.60
16.40
19.60
22.95
28.60
30.50
WSC
5.29
7.85
9.40
12.95
14.70
19.42
21.20
27.07
30.90
36.00
Weight (kg/m)
Fibre
.0311
.0378
.0554
.0612
.0865
.0913
.125
.130
.177
.185
WSC
.0343
.0465
.0610
.0762
.0953
.114
.137
.154
.195
.219
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
69
COOKES
Marine & Lashing Ropes.
6 x 12
12/f
1420 N/mm²
Fibre Core
6 x 24
15/9/f
6 x 24
12/12/f
1420/1770
N/mm²
Galvanised
Note
The above ropes can be manufactured with a braid
cover.
Specifications facing page
70
COOKES
MBL (kN*)
Dia
(mm)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
12/f
19.00
24.00
29.70
35.90
42.70
50.11
58.20
76.00
96.10
107.30
118.66
143.18
170.64
200.00
232.42
266.74
304.00
12/12/f
15/9/f
28.10
35.60
44.00
53.20
63.30
74.30
86.20
113.00
142.00
159.00
176.00
213.00
253.00
297.00
345.00
396.00
450.00
Weight (kg/m)
12/f
.127
.160
.194
.254
.300
.346
.400
.643
.670
.745
.820
.974
1.145
1.380
1.590
1.800
2.120
12/12/f
15/9/f
.200
.253
.314
.380
.457
.531
.616
.803
1.028
1.132
1.255
1.520
1.805
2.122
2.458
2.521
3.213
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
71
COOKES
72
COOKES
Crane Ropes
73
COOKES
Crane Ropes
18 x 7
6/1
1770 N/mm²
Dyform 18
18 x 19
9/9/1
1960 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
74
COOKES
Dia
(mm)
5.0
6.5
8.0
9.0
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
MBL (kN*)
Weight (kg/m)
18 x 7 Dyform 18 18 x 7 Dyform 18
14.02
0.10
23.73
0.16
37.12
0.25
46.91
0.32
58.10
.390
70.06
0.47
83.60
.562
124.00
97.90
0.66
0.83
113.77 135.33
0.76
0.85
148.69 193.00
1.00
1.18
1.49
187.61 213.00
1.26
1.66
209.57 226.00
1.41
232.00 285.00
1.56
1.85
280.42 353.00
1.89
2.28
334.00 413.00
2.25
2.68
391.18 475.00
2.64
3.08
441.00
2.96
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
75
COOKES
Crane Ropes (Cont.)
EUROLIFT
Casar 40 x 7
6/1
1960 N/mm²
Specifications facing page
76
COOKES
Dia (mm)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
40
MBL (kN*)
89.6
108.8
130.8
152.7
179.1
204.0
230.6
257.9
293.9
329.0
362.2
396.1
441.4
471.8
524.3
567.9
614.9
654.2
712.9
754.6
817.4
930.0
1045.0
1185.0
1319.0
1462.0
Weight (kg/m)
0.49
0.593
0.705
0.821
0.949
1.091
1.257
1.406
1.601
1.768
1.956
2.142
2.373
2.609
2.813
3.076
3.285
3.530
3.846
4.062
4.347
5.011
5.641
6.306
7.081
7.831
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
77
COOKES
78
COOKES
Elevator Ropes
79
COOKES
Elevator Ropes
8 x 19
9/9/1
1370/1770 N/mm²
Natural
Fibre Core
Specifications facing page
80
COOKES
Dia (mm)
9.5
11
13
16
MBL (kN)
39.71
53.20
74.30
113.00
Weight (kg/m)
.310
.420
.586
.888
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
81
COOKES
Horticultural High Tensile Galvanised Strand
Prefabricated loop. No tools required Þ
82
COOKES
Stay Strand
& Clothes Line
83
COOKES
Stay Strand
& Clothes Line
1x7
Galvanised
Specifications facing page
84
COOKES
MBL
Tensile
Grade
Strand
Dia +
(mm)
3.55
4.8
6.0
7.5
9.5
Wires/
Dia
(mm)
5/1.25
7/1.6
7/2.0
7/2.5
7/3.15
(kN*)
386
_
1080
14.02
27.46 1200/1300
42.17 1200/1300
58.84 1200/1300
4.8
6.0
7.5
9.5
12.0
7/1.6
7/2.0
7/2.5
7/3.15
7/4.0
9.85
15.40
23.53
38.20
61.70
700/800
700/800
700/800
700/800
700/800
.057
.110
.170
.300
.430
Equiv
Wire
Gauge
18G
16G
14G
12G
10G
.110
.170
.300
.430
.690
16G
14G
12G
10G
8G
kg/m
+ Approximate Diameter
* kN x 0.10197 = tonne
85
COOKES
Services
1,000 tonne talurit press at Auckland
rigging loft.
86
COOKES
Hand Splice
Mechanical Splice
Mechanical Splice
87
COOKES
Hand Splice with Thimble
Mechanical Splice with Thimble
88
COOKES
Test bed for proof loading and certification
of all types of lifting equipment. On site
service includes installation, maintenance
and non-destructive testing.
89
COOKES
Associated Products
Lubricating
& protective
coatings, each specially fomulated for
particular wire rope applications
Turnbuckles &
Rigging Screws
Shackles
Rope Grips
Thimbles
Twitches/
Load Binders
90
COOKES
Chain
Chain
Blocks
&
Lever
Hoists
91
COOKES
Wire
Rope
Hoists
Wire
Rope
Safety
Fence
92
COOKES
Web
Slings
Load
Restraints
& Webbing
Hardware
93
COOKES
Height
Safety &
Fall
Arrest
Equipment
Synthetic
& Natural
Fibre
Rope
94
COOKES
Whangarei
Auckland
Branches
Tauranga
Rotorua
New Plymouth
Napier
Nelson
Timaru
Wellington
Christchurch
Ashburton
Dunedin
Invercargill
95
COOKES
NOTES
96
COOKES
NOTES
97
COOKES
BRANCHES
Head Office & Factory
6-10 Greenmount Dr
East Tamaki
P O Box 14-422
Panmure
AUCKLAND
Phone (09) 274-4299
Fax (09) 274-7982
Email:
[email protected]
Whangarei
Lower Port Road
P O Box 708
Phone (09) 438-8964
Fax (09) 438-9272
Email:
[email protected]
Tauranga
1 Marsh Street
P O Box 14-204
Phone (07) 578-0605
Fax (07) 578-0604
Email:
tausales @cookes.co.nz
98
Rotorua
Marguerita Street
P O Box 633
Phone (07) 348-3043
Fax (07) 346-3283
Email:
[email protected]
Napier
182A Hyderabad Rd
P O Box 12-003
Ahuriri
Phone (06) 834-0690
Fax (06) 834-0872
New Plymouth
18 Eliot Street
P O Box 854
Phone (06) 758-0860
Fax (06) 758-0861
Email:
[email protected]
Palmerston North
Resident Representative
Phone (025) 453-902
Fax (06) 354-2418
COOKES
BRANCHES
Wellington
2 Udy Street
P O Box 38-696
Petone
Phone (04) 568-4384
Fax (04) 568-4381
Nelson
Rogers Street
P O Box 5030
Phone (03) 548-1351
Fax (03) 548-0105
Email:
[email protected]
Christchurch
108 Carlyle Street
Sydenham
P O Box 7028
Phone (03) 366-0952
Fax (03) 366-3544
Email:
[email protected]
Ashburton
120 Moore Street
P O Box 407
Phone (03) 308-9778
Fax (03) 308-3875
Timaru
Cnr Frazer & Stuart Sts
P O Box 918
Phone (03) 684-7494
Fax (03) 684-8476
Dunedin
2A Orari Street
P O Box 626
Phone (03) 455-3966
Fax (03) 455-3966
Invercargill
137 Clyde Street
P O Box 118
Phone (03) 218-4682
Fax (03) 218-4187
www.cookes.co.nz
99
WIRE ROPE HANDBOOK
PDF E HB-04-01-03
6.5.3.2.1
3.6 & 3.6.1.8.1
8.2.1.3.4.1 & 4.1.8.1
1
C:\ Handbook
04-Berechnung
01-01-03T01.doc
2003-09-15
Handbook Steel Wire Ropes
Type of Ropes, Rope Construction, Classification
Characteristics of Wire Ropes
Terms – Symbols - Abbreviation EN 12385-2
Values (3.9) Nominal = 0
Measured = m
Aggregate = e
Reduced = red
Calculated = c
Nominal Rope Length = L
Measured Rope Length = Lm
2
3
4
5
Minimum = min Maximum = max
Elements Wire-∅
∅ = δ (3.1)
Outer-Wire-∅
∅ = δa
Stand-∅
∅ = dS
Rope-∅
∅=d
Core-∅
∅ = dC
Triangular Oval Trapezoidal Z-shaped H-shaped Built-up Centre
Symbols (4.3.1)
round flat
Wire Shape
no
P
V
Q
T
Z
H
B
Strand Shape
no
P
V
Q
6
7
Rope Shape
no
P
Flat Rope: P (3.6.1.10) Single stitched = PS
8
Core
Symbol
(4.3.3)
10
11
C
C
(3.2.3)
(3.2.4)
Rectangular = R
Double stitched = PD
Clamped = PN
Fibre Core FC
Steel Core WC
(3.3.2)
(3.3.3)
(3.3.1)
9
(3.2.5)
Natural Synthetic
S
Strand
N
NFC
S
SFC
WSC
Solid
Covered
Polymer with Fibre
Covered
extruded
Independent
parallel
IWRC
PWRC
SPC
SPC
Filled
Polymer
Covered
(3.3.4)
Steel Core
Braided = BR
EF
EFIWRC
EP
EPIWRC
CLM
CLMWR
(3.6.1.4)
12
13
With compacted strands IWRC(K) PWRC(K) Cushioned Core (3.6.3.4)
Polyamid = PA
Polypropylen = PP
Fibre Material: Natural Fibre = N Synthetic = S
14
15
16
17
Rope Lay
18
19
20
Lay Angle: Rope = β Strand = α
Lay Length: Rope = H (3.7.11)
Preformed Rope: No Symbol (3.11.3)
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Strand (3.8.1)
Rope (3.8.2)
Type of Lay (4.4.7)
Ordinary Lay (3.8.3)
Right Lay Left Lay
sZ
Lang Lay (3.8.4)
Right Lay Left Lay
zS
zZ
sS
Alternate Lay (3.8.5)
Right Lay
Left Lay
AZ
AS
Wire Clearance = qW (qδ
δ)
Strand = h (3.7.10)
Not Preformed: NON-PRE
Strand Clearance = qS (3.7.14)
Rope Grade RR (3.10.11)
Wire Tensile Strength Grade: R (3.1.10)
Wire Tensile Strength: Rm (3.1.11)
Finish of Coating: (3.1.12) Bright = U Zinc = B Zinc: A
Alloy
Strand/Wire Layers closed opposite = J
Rotation Resistant: STR-RR Low Rotation: STR-LR
Compacted: K (3.2.15)
Spin Resistant: STR-SR
Inserts = I (3.5) Natural Fibre = IN Synthetic Fibre = IS Profile = IC
Solid Polymers = IC
Covering = E
Covered with Fibres = EN
Coverer with solid Polymer (extruded) = EM (3.6.3.1)
Solid Polymer covered Rope (3.6.3.1)
Cushioned Rope (3.6.3.5) Cushioned Core Rope (3.6.3.4)
Filled = L (3.6.3) Solid Polymer filled Rope = LM (3.6.3.2) Solid Polymer covered & filled = ELM (3.6.3.3)
Ropes Covered & Filled with Solid Polymer (3.6.3.3)
Solid Polymer filled Rope (3.6.3.2)
Type of Strand Single Lay = no Symbol (3.2.6)
Closing
Parallel Lay = P (3.2.7)
Seale = S (3.2.8) Warrington = W (3.2.9) Filler = F (3.2.10)
Combined Parallel Lay: Seale-Warrington = SW (3.2.1.1.)
Multiple Operation Lay
Cross Lay = M, Compound Lay = N (3.2.1.3)
Multi Layer Rope, Spiral Strand Rope: Contra Lay = J
Multi-Layer Stranded Rope = STR-ML
Rope Construction Connecting Symbols (4.4.3)
Behind Number of Strands (x)
Parallel (-) Crossing (/)
Same Layer (+)
Contra Lay (:)
Behind Strand Construction (-) in front of Core (-IWRC)
Covered Rope-∅
∅ /Rope-∅
∅ (4.2.2.)
Spiral Rope =SPI (3.6.2) Spiral Strand Rope =SPI-STD (3.6.2.2.) Half-Locked Coil Rope=SPI-HLC (3.6.2.3)
Flat Rope = P (3.6.1.10)
Full-Locked Coil Rope=SPI-FLC (3.6.2.4)
Cable-Laid Rope=CL (3.6.1.7) Braided Rope= BR (3.6.1.8) Rope = R Stranded Rope = STR (3.6.1)
Single Layer Stranded Rope: STR-SL
(3.6.1.2)
41
42
Lay Direction (3.8)
Right Lay
Left Lay
z
s
S
Z
Polymer = P
Multi Layer Stranded Rope STR-ML
Rotation Resistant Rope=STR-RR
(3.6.1.3)
Conductors = DC (4.3.4)
Electromechanical Rope = EM or Elec-R
Parallel-Closed Rope (3.6.1.4) Ropes with Compacted Strands (3.6.1.5) Compacted (swaged) Rope (3.6.1.6)
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 2 of 4
(3.12)
Rope-Class & Rope-Construction
Rope Class (3.12.1)
Rope Construction (3.12.2)
Half-Locked Coil Rope (3.6.2.3)
For Guide Ropes = HLGR
For Track Ropes for Aerial Rope Ways = HLAR
Full-Locked Coil Rope (3.6.2.4)
For Mine Hoist Ropes = FLHR For Track Ropes = FLAR
For Bridge Ropes = FLBR
(3.12)
Lubricants & Preservation Agents (3.4)
Lubricants & Preservation Agents (3.4)
Lubricant (3.4.1)
Impregnating Agent (3.4.2) Preservation Agent (3.4.3)
(3.7.)
Dimensions
Dimension of Round Wire = δ (3.71)
Dimension of outer round Wire = δ (3.72)
Dimension of Round Strand = dS (3.7.4)
Dimension of Round Ropes = d (3.7.6)
Dimension of Shaped Wire Z = h & w (3.73)
Dimension of Shaped Strand = w & s (3.7.5)
Dimension of Flat Rope P w & s (3.7.7)
Dimension of Covered Round Rope d (e.g. 16/13) (3.7.8)
Dimension of covered Flat Rope w & s (3.7.9)
(3.11)
(3.11.1)
(3.112)
Rope Characteristics
Torque
Turn
Fully Preformed Rope
(3.1)
Wires
Outer Wires (3.1.1)
Inner Wires (3.1.2)
Layer of Wires (3.1.7)
Stitching Wire or Strand (3.1.8)
Wire Tensile Strength Grade = R (3.1.11)
Finish & Quality of Coating (3.1.12)
Filler Wires (3.1.3)
Centre Wires (3.1.4)
Core Wires (3.1.5)
Load Bearing Wires (3.1.6)
Serving Wire or Strand (3.1.9)
Wire Tensile Strength =Rm
Mass of Coating (3.1.13)
3.2
Strand Types
Strand (3.2.1)
Round Strand (3.2..2)
Flat ribbon Strand = P (3.2.5)
Single Lay Strand = E (3.2.6)
Parallel Lay Strand (3.2.7)
Combined Parallel Lay (3.2.11)
Multiple Operation Lay (3.2.12)
Triangular Strand = V (3.2.3)
Oval Strand = Q (3.2.4)
Seale = S (3.2.8)
Warrington = W (3.2.9)
Warrington-Seale = WS
Compound Lay = N
Cross-Lay = M (3.2.13)
(3.2.14
Compacted Strand = K (3.2.15)
3.3
3.3.1
Core Types
Core = C (3.3.1)
Fibre Core = FC = (3.3.2)
Steel Core = WC (3.3.3)
Natural Fibre Core = NFC
Synthetic Fibre Core = SFC
Strand Core = WSC
Parallel Laid = PWRC
Independent Wire Rope Core =IWRC
Solid Polymer Core = SPC (3.3.4)
2
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 3 of 4
3.4
Lubricants and Preservation Agents
Rope Lubricants (3.4.1)
Impregnating Agent (3.4.2)
Preservation Agent(3.4.3)
Synthetic Fibre = IS
Profile- Solid Polymer = IC
3.5
Insert = I
Natural Fibre= IN
3.6
Rope Types
Stranded Ropes = STR (3.6.1)
Single-Layer Stranded Rope =
STR-SL (3,6,1,1)
Multi-Layer Stranded Rope = STRML
Rotation Resistant Stranded Rope Spin Resistant
= STR-RR (3.6.1.3)
Rotation Resistant
Low Rotation
Parallel-Closed Stranded Rope
(3.6.1.4) (see Steel Core 3.3.3)
Compacted Rope
Compacted Strand Stranded
Rope (3.6.1.5)
Cable Laid Rope = CL (3.6.1.7)
Braided Rope = BR (3.6.18)
Electro-mechanical Rope = EM
Compacted (swaged) Stranded
Rope (3.6.1.6)
(3.6.1.9)
Flat Rope = FLAT (3.6.1.10)
Spiral Ropes (3.6.2)
Ropes with Coverings and/or
Filling (3.6.3)
Single Stitched = PS
Rivetted = PN
Spiral Rope = SPI (3.6.2.1)
Double Stitched = PD
Spiral Strand Rope =
SPI-STD (3.6.2.)
Half-Locked Coil Rope =
Full Locked Coil Rope
SPI-HLC (3.6.2.3)
= SPI-FCL (3.6.2.4)
Solid Polymer Covered Rope = EM Solid Polymer Filled
(3.6.3.1)
Rope = LM (3.6.3.2)
Solid Polymer Covered and Filled
Rope = ELM (3.6.3.3)
Cushioned Core Rope = (3.6.3.4)
Cushioned Rope (3.6.3.5)
3
Handbook/04-Berechnung/01/01-03T01.doc/Date: 14.08.2003/ Page 4 of 4
Factors, Areas, Masses and Breaking Forces
Fillfactor = f
f =
Nominal Metallic Cross-Sectional area Factor = C
Nominal Metallic Cross-Sectional area = A
π
4
n
∑δ
4
Measured Metallic Cross-Sectional area = Ac
Am =
π
4
2
n
∑ δ m2
πf ⋅ k
4
d 2 ⋅ Rr ⋅ K
Fmin =
1000
Rope Grade Rr
Calculated Minimum Breaking Force = Fc.min
Measured Breaking Force = Fm
Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.min
Fe.min =
(3.10.5)
1
2
K=
(3.10.3)
(3.10.4)
1
M=W⋅d
Measured Rope Length Mass = Mm
Breaking Force Factor = K
Calculated Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.c.min
Reduced Minimum Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.red.min
Measured Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.m
Measured Reduced Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.red.m
Calculated Measured Breaking Force = Fmc
Calculated Measured Aggregate Breaking Force = Fe.m.c
Measured Total Spinning Loss
Measured Partial Spinning Loss
Spinning Loss Factor = k
Measured Total Spinning Loss Factor = km
Measured Partial Spinning Loss Factor = kp.m
Outer Wire Factor = a
Outer Wire Diameter = δa
(3.10.2)
2
Ac =
Minimum Breaking Force = Fmin
π
A=C⋅d
Calculated Metallic Cross-Sectional area = Ac
Rope Length Mass Factor = W
Nominal Rope Length Mass = M
A
Au
f ⋅
C=
(3.10)
(3.10.1)
d 2 ⋅ C ⋅ Rr
1000
(3.10.6)
(3.10.7)
(3.10.8)
(3.10.9)
(3.10.10)
(3.10.11)
(3.10.12)
(3.10.13)
(3.10.14)
(3.10.15)
(3.10.16)
(3.10.17)
(3.10.18)
(3.10.19)
(3.10.20)
(3.10.21)
(3.10.22)
(3.10.23)
(3.10.24)
(3.10.25)
δa = a ⋅ d
4