Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Transcription
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Adapting to Climate Change STRENGTHENING THE CLIMATE RESILIENCE OF THE WATER SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN KHULNA, BANGLADESH !"#$%&#&##&$&% ! " '(#)) * & & +! ,- ,./ 0 */+ / * 1 2 (-3 , ,- , 45 ,6 , , 7 , , , / 8 9 / : , , 3 , - - ,;, // - , - 3/- , " + /8<9, ;! =/0 * >>0 0/ (?=2=2)))) @3?=2=2=))) --- @ / + ,A3' @3?=2=2==)% B Contents ; ! < ,* , 6 C- ,. , 6 ** : ! ! D0 ! A3! C > = $ $ # # 2 = / 1 '! C 6 ' : ) ) = $ # = / > - *;! ;! ,** ! C : ) = 2 ; E * 2 2 2 Tables and Figures ! ( ( (2 () (> (= ($ (% (# ( ( ( < @ @ @2 @) @> @= @$ @% @# @ @ @ @2 !@ ,* : , . ., ! @ ,(00 ! ;, ! :#>F@ -!E A , C 1 .-** 1 */-** 1 */-** * ,! , ,,! * , 1 .-;, '! ,! - !* ' . @ - ,! 0 @- * ,!C0 1 E. * ,$G#0!! EE * ,$G#0!!E0 E ,'!1 #>F@ -',! *0 ! * ** 1 0, &&&H' @ > 1 0, &&&H' @ > - 1 0, &&&H' @ > - = % # $ # ) = % # 2 2 ) > % > = % 2 > $ Acknowledgments ( - , , , 4(5 I' ,, !' ,1! . **( --" ! / /; 1 /! / 45/- (* I , (- ,3, /"/ ,10 4 105/( ./J@ E-JD(0JA KJ K-, !,;LL* /J. J.AD7J00D7J00 ,.J0.J0! 0J. "L'J0L'J!00'J"!,J ,0M, 10- , , 3 / / , E 6 , 0 , E 6 / ' * J.1!!- J.** K / / / L ,- ( ' , N * /- (, *' :/ , ( ( ( , , E/ / @/ , , 0 ( . / / ; 1 / ! / 0 (/ /; 1 /! // Abbreviations CA 6! ** 10 N * .** .1! ( G G G G G G G G G ,A ** ,10 N * .** .1!!- Weights and Measurements E 2 G G G G G G G * G 4(5 ( O <)%= < O ($ Introduction Background ,,, ,/ -& 6GG0 / - / / 7 ,/ - , / , / , /P- // P ,, , ,,! , , ( , - I / - !- ,7 , 0 C / - - , / , - / , -&/, -- , , - ( , ,, , - - -/ , L / , ,, , ,, -/ - , **! 1 / -6 ,/ 45 , , /-/ , ./&- , /2-, ,- :+ :, / , ,- 6 ,#%DQJODGHVK&OLPDWH&KDQJH6WUDWHJ\DQG$FWLRQ3ODQ %7HFKQLFDO$VVLVWDQFHWR3HRSOH·V5HSXEOLFRI%DQJODGHVKIRU6WUHQJWKHQLQJWKH5HVLOLHQFHRIWKH:DWHU6HFWRU LQ.KXOQDWR&OLPDWH&KDQJH0 2 ( , , $$/ 3 , , .** 4.**5/ - ) $ 2 % , ( : , 45 ,,&, :/-- ,- . J45I ,& , &,, , (, - - ,/-, . * * 4.**5/ - )> 7 45/ ,2- Overview of Khulna . -4@5/- 7 , 3 / , (- > /-3-)>>)(I &,, - ,' &, ,.0/ %F ,.**###,8&/9->F, /, - >F, 3/%F, ).I - , & (,.)G#-/#)45/ #F ,, -0C (3 ,22°* 00/ - , >°* N , /. 3 ( #%%// $,.( !/-I - " $/ 2/) ,/$) , / >( -<$ ! , - - // , ,74, 5 !.-/, ,A 4CA5@' -3 ! , , .,,- J , - , / / 0 / , ,@ #$>/=-,, - ,6 '/ ,6' : ,,- . '/,- , . / 0' , , ,--( 4-53, ,- ) > = . 6WUXFWXUH3ODQ0DVWHU3ODQDQG'HWDLOHG$UHD3ODQIRU.KXOQD&LW\² . 6 , % &\FORQH 6LGU LQ %DQJODGHVK 'DPDJH /RVV DQG 1HHGV $VVHVVPHQW IRU 'LVDVWHU 5HFRYHU\DQG5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ @45 6'/ ,1(- 6'- D ' 9 , Figure 2 Salinity Concentration in Rivers in and around Khulna 6 ?%&&(@%&&5A -B= / / ?C;A %/ =/ )/ / N @ 0 0 N N ! C " N @ 0 0 N N ! C " N @ 0 0 N N ! C " N @ 0 0 N N ! C " N @ 0 0 N N ! C " N @ > = $ % # 6CD " 6' 6' *6' '6'' 0 0' !/QE CAO ,A /QEO ! + N * @ ! , . 1 ! : I ' , ( ,, .'/ , ' - 0' /-0' 6 : (-, ., - -, - - ( - ,, / .1!!- 4.1!5 - ,-/-, N * 4N *5$ .,,, - , 4/- 5/- 3 , ( * ' :/ - .I :/- " % $ .1! : , - 5HSRUW DQG 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQ RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW WR WKH %RDUG RI 'LUHFWRUV 3URSRVHG /RDQ DQG 7HFKQLFDO $VVLVWDQFH*UDQWVWRWKH3HRSOH·V5HSXEOLFRI%DQJODGHVKIRUWKH&LW\5HJLRQ'HYHORSPHQW3URMHFW0 % Study Approach and Methodology ( , ./ 45 : , ., 2>J45 , . , 2 >J 45 J 45 , 2>/ :J 45 , J 45 , L , - - - , -@2 Figure 3 Flow Diagram of the Study ! '- , , : , 2> * R( R R!& R; R R1 RE R6 - , * 4 5 ', !/ ,/ R1 R' > R1 R@ R,, R RE& 4-5 R* G,45 E 6 ', - 1 > - 6 1 // 6 ' 6O ! +, ( 7 , Climate Change Projection Climate (- / / , ! ' A ! * * 4 **5 - - , #&& / /&- / - -/ - / - / -/ / - - -, /- - Table 1 Summary Features of Climate Projections for Khulna ,% 2 ( ( >, ?>°* C ?$°*N @ ( >, ?>°*N/ N/ ?>°*@ ', (, >F>4/%=5 , , (, #2F>4/$2#5 , , ! , NG!)=F G@ =2F NG!>F G@ )=F ', > ,= , ) >#> > ,= , ) )>> *O*/O ( -/$=#/,, : /,,, 4/#), ) #5( :( -#%>#/%%$ ( -/>#/,, : / -, , ,, , - 3 , / ,,,(, /,, - , - ! +, # ( !' A ! , ,4//// 5 3 -/ - , / / , - , -J & J -, , -/ ,, - - -/L / / **$7KH)RXUWK$VVHVVPHQW5HSRUW---QS , 6 8 ! --, 6 *0 4A*D0>Q0 &C05 , 4>°3>°5/ ,, ( -& , ,(, ( (/ -/ ,6 *0 C / , Sea-Level Rise , /- ,,4/ -5- ,, / , ( & - / 452>/ ** ( & />2)>/, , (-, ,- /- , - ** :4, #5 River Discharge , ,6 ., 6 /- , 6 ,/ ,6 *0 4A*D0>Q0 &C05 ,, ,6 -; / , 6 . 2 > , / 3 C 4/ , 5- Socioeconomic Scenario Development @ / -.I 2>! / /-/ -3- , . -( Hydraulic Models Development ( - Q , , ( , P! -' D 0 / !0 /;0 P -@)/, , (2 ( - 03 , 0 /6 (;0 7,- ,2 /- - , / , (, / , -, 45 ,, 2 % ,2 /45 , 6 *0 - ,= & , / , - /- ,, , , 6WUHQJWKHQLQJWKH5HVLOLHQFHRIWKH:DWHU6HFWRULQ.KXOQDWR&OLPDWH&KDQJH* I 04($#$&"5/>/3* 3 , Table 2 Key Parameters for Socioeconomic Development / , * .** F -+45#$=/ J45/)>/2J 45/>>/> 2-- 1 , 2 >> F , .** - - 6 - =F ( , - -#-=F ; , @ / 4-5+45$$F/ - - : 45#F2/452%$F > 6O /.**O.** ! +, Figure 4 Model Framework C * : 6 !/ ,/ , - 6 . E 6 ', 1 > E 0 0 0 ! +, 1 / / ', - ! 1 4/5 , 6 5 Table 3 6 : Features of the Three Mathematical Models < 6 > * ! -' D 0 -/ / , - C 10 ( !0 , 0 .A - , ! -' D 0 C 10 ( ;0 -/ / , .** 0 .A 0 .A; "- ( ! -' D 0 /- , 3 , - 10O ,10 /.**O.** /(O 0 ,- , --/-7/ 0 & 0; , &- ,- ! +, , / , ,@> - ,! -' D 0 /@=$ - , ! 0 ! #@$ CA- .1! Scenarios Examined under the Study , - , .I-,4()58'9-/ ,0 ,, - , '2>/ 7 & ' , I 4, 5 Damage Assessment D / 4/ / / ,5/ ,/. ,,- ( , ,&/ , / / @/ -3/- , , , , / ,,,/ (;0 - - , 2& , Figure 5 Comparison of Simulated and Observed Moving Average Water Levels in Khulna ) ?/-A % = ) % = ) !I= I= 0I$ NI$ !I$ I$ 0I% NI% I% " I% @I# 0I# I# " I# ! B %&&8@%&&5 ?A %&&8@%&&5 ?A 1O1 1O?)= ! + Figure 6 Comparison of 2007–2009 Measured and Simulated Salinity Levels at Labanchara % = 4QE5 ) % = ) N$ N$ ! N% CA N% N# N# ! 4QE 5 CAO ,A /QEO " +0, #CA- / - > , ! + , 6 22 Figure 7 Comparison of 2007–2009 Measured and Simulated Salinity Levels at Mollarhat % = 4QE5 ) % = ) N$ N$ N% N% N# ^ŝŵƵůĂƚĞĚ͕ĚĂŝůLJĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ KŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ ^ĂůŝŶŝƚLJĐƌŝƚĞƌŝŽŶ;ϭŐͬ>ĐŚůŽƌŝĚĞĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶͿ <t^ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ N# CAO ,A /QEO/.1!O.1!!- " +0, #CA- / - > , ! + Table 4 / 2 ) > = $ % # %&'& T T T T O ! +, %&(& T T T T Scenarios Used for the Study T ,% T T T T 2 T T T T "; T / / ; E > ) > ) 2% , &, , ;, / 3 , & , / - , ,, / ,- , -- , ( , - - , ,, ' 7 /, / , - ,- /, -- + 4 5 / , , , - ( ; 0 - , - - , / - , - , ; 0 / /,, 45/, - 2( ,,-, . - - - / ,- ,, ,.I - 7, , 4/,5, , ,( /, -,,- , /,,/ / C , : - , , , -,, ,- ) /, , 4/ / ,/ / / 5- :- ,,,- D -/ , - , @/ - - / ! /, , -, , , / - G,/- , 4(5 ( , - /- , ! -, / , ,, /- 0 / , - A - /,3 , - 2 ) O,4 ,- / ,- 5 HOU/-H ,4 , 5U ,- - ,45 ,, /,/ J45 , J45, , 6 2' /- (, /, J/ - Other Issues E , - ./ -& ,, ( ;AC / -E & AC /* ;/ "- H / 3 46!5 2/ .;(6! - & ,I 7 L( ,6!& - /. 6! . /, -. ,#>>!- ,/ - ,D -/,P-7 ,P /,- . , - Estimating Impacts on the Proposed Surface Water Supply System ( , .I-- , 45 , - 4/ - 5 , N N - - , - / 45 3 , =4QE5/QE>(-D/ 0 / ,///E4@%5 Impacts on Water Availability /, - - , -4, 65 , -, - @# (>/#>F, -, N N , - , - ,/'2>=@ /- , -'24/25'>4/>5 '4/5( -#F ,#>F , -' ( , - , - - N * 4N *5 $ 42Q5#22Q 2$ />- )$2Q , - -#>F, - 0 / /7)F 2=F> ,#>F, - - - -- , 3 - (, /#>F, -, 2> "/- 2>- ,,,- , ,- > = $ 29 " -7A * '4##$57 3 ,=4QE54= VW5/-3 - /QE45 /. #>F, - ,, -3 , #>F , N *)HDVLELOLW\6WXG\IRUWKH.KXOQD:DWHU6XSSO\,PSURYHPHQW3URMHFWLQWKH3HRSOH·V5HSXEOLFRI%DQJODGHVK ( 27 , Figure 9 95% Dependable Flow in Base and Reference Scenarios 350 300 Flow (m3/s) 250 200 150 100 50 0 Haridaspur Mollarhat Upstream of Phultala Run 1 Phultala Run 3a Daulatpur Labanchara Run 5a 2QO ! + Impacts on River Salinity ( , 33 , -(>/2> /33/QE , % @ , ,30 , , (&3 ,3 3/QE(3&3 , , , & @ '/ , 3&3 22F4/ ,2 - 5(22F0 - 3QE, , , , '/>F4/ 5 ,0 ->> '24/2 -&5/ ,/- 3 >/ $>/->F3 % (!0 / / , (- - >>F , , -/, , - = / 28 Table 5 Projected 95% Dependable Flow and Salinity Levels * / E 6 > / / - ; 0 #>F '2 , -42Q5 '> 22 %) = )% %2 2 2 % > )) $$ %2 2 $$ = )> % %% '$ 2 % > )) $$ %2 '# 2 $% = )) % %= 03 '2 4QE 5 '> '$ '# # % ># $% = $ %$ = $ > 2 $ %$ = $ 2 $ %2 2 = = 2 $ %$ = $ " , =QE ># = )> = $> '2 = = % )> = $= '> = %# % )# =2 $= '$ $ => 2 > = $> '# > %= ) >> =2 $> " , /QE ) ) 2) >2 =% '2 ) > 2> >2 $ '> => % 2$ >) $ '$ )2 $ 2# >) =# '# ) $ = ) >> $ 2 QO /QEO " +2O2/ /&J>O>/ /&J$O2/ / &J#O>/ /& , >F3 4/ >F 35 - - , $ ! + Adaptation Options ,/ , -, --(/ L , # ,- (- , &,, - - -/ - 3 , -, (- /- / - -3 # ( 8 98& 9 * , : /-& , -,@/ , --- -- 23 , : 2&&&C; Figure 10 Change in Mollarhat Salinity Duration Curves due to Climate Change # % $ = > ) 2 > 2 )> = $> # =$ / 4F5 ? "$A ' '2 '$ '# '> QEO ! + +45-- / , -/ , J45 - ,3 L( /- - ! - ,, , , N */ , / , / / D/ E/0 //-- L4, $5 / / 7 , / .P/E/ P- , , 7 , - : 3 , .I (, / - , 0'/- 0 - . - ; -&4 '>5/L , 2>C / ), 0 - ,, , ( - - , / / - / ( = & - (, -, -+ ' !LO @ -'7 u ,D! u F : @ , A E - , ) 4=> > ) 5 - QE > - ,>JF , -J ,/>>/J--4>F5J4%F5/, -7 ,)>=/2-A -, / - L = / 25 Table 6 , B C ' ) , 0 > Evaluation of Adaptation Options = P <%2# Cy0 P<)/ P C 1 0 / <#) Cy0 P<%/ L 2> = = ,,/ * 4 / 5 0 ,,/ * 4 / 5 2O/Cy0O ! +, / :4/,5 , -P F , .**-7 ,-, - 7 D -/ - / ), 0 /- / & - 3 ( & , ,, '-- -,,,& , : Gorai River Dredging (6 '/ ,,- -/ -, 6 ' @ / , - 4/ G5 / 6 ' , 6 ' 7 , 6 ' ' ,- , - 6 ' : , / . 3/6 , 6 '' :/- , <$ ( , : , , -% , : , / - , - ,=2Q- 6 ' /- , ( , - 3/QE0 - L '2- 4, >>- 5/ )'> , /7 7P P ,-- , , /- -, 7 7 ,.**/,, 7, , (, , =2Q- , -6 ' :### %& , - 4, $>- 52(- &, : -/,-, // J ,J L,/ -/,, , :, / : 6 '###/,, ,,, ( ,- . ,, - , 6 '' :-,, ,,, Proposed Investment Project , , ,4, 5- / ,- :@/,- ), 0 - / &,, ;, / , - ,, 73 /-& ,/,-N * L7L , 4, $5 ( N * / , CAI / , )> ,-4>) 25- 7- ,=> -/- ,<=> )( L -- ,)2'2 (/ L7, / , - ;/-7 /- 3-- ,-7 ,/QE @ 3/ ,-/#QE , - >QE/-- 3+ , 3-/QE4/#$>QE5 , , / : - + 7 = , / - -3 >D -/ - , $$ 2 - , ( - ,>(L , 3 7 ,-, 2,-3 3 ( -3- , 2 ,3 /- 4, )) =5- (7 ,>F3 ) CA N *I-7 / 0 3 ,/Q, ,, > > N *7 , = / %2 ' - / - 3 / - 3 , 4/ 6 ' , - , 6 '5 , / - 0 %/=- , C /, / , , / -L - / - - , /- 7 3L , = .1!/ 3/QE, ,# Estimating Impacts on the Current and Proposed Urban Drainage System 1 3 - , ,- /&&>&&&&, - $ Impacts on the Current Urban Drainage System @/ .I -, 4($5(- - -4/2VW5, #F 2)F, 24'25 >)F, >4'>5, &&&, @ - :- , &&&, > / &&&, , &&>&2/ &&&, , 2 &&>&>(- , , 4/ @ 5 , ) Table 7 Waterlogged Area in Khulna with Climate Change (%) <' 4# 5 - - 4@?@?@25 2 # $ % > 2) $ % # >&&& , ) 2 2 % 2 >) >&&>& , >% % ) 2 << 4G5 <& 4G25 <2 42G=5 &&& , =) $ = &&>& , % $ 2&&& , = 2&&>& , <% 4=G#5 O " +( & ! + $ %% " /,,7 , D -/, ,7-, /.I ,,, - ,- 7, ,- / 3 %9 , )#2=2>&&&, ( 3 , , )F )F2>%F> Proposed Improvements to the Urban Drainage System and Impacts of Climate Change on the Improved System .I 3 ,, - , (, /- - - % , /- %F , -,, , 4/, ,2 5* , / - ,//&3 , -/- <$ , &&>& <$ , &&& ( (% - -- 2>'2> -&&>&&&&, - , Table 8 - = &&> , && , 2&&> , 2&& , >&&>& , >&& , 6 " 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 Waterlogged City Area, with Climate Change (%) << 4G5 % # =) %$ $ %2 = $# >% =% ) =) <& <2 4G25 42G=5 $ = $ > % % $ $ 2 % = % # % % 2 % 2 <% 4=G#5 <' 4# 5 2 > ) % $ 2 - - 4@?@?@25 # % % 22 ) 2 >) # O " +( & ! +, % (8 ,/9- , / , ( , /- , / , - , 1 7KH(FRQRPLFVRI$GDSWDWLRQWR&OLPDWH&KDQJH$6\QWKHVLV5HSRUW)LQDOFRQVXOWDWLRQ GUDIW1 /* %7 , /- , 22F )F2/, >)F #F >&&&, /, , , , =2 )$/ ,,, ,, >%F 2F>, & , @ -3 ,, >&&& - D -/ 2 >/ , %F , - , &, (, / 4/ 57 ., - Adaptation Options -, '2> ,-/- , - ( / /&3 ,-/ / - ,/ .I- 2> %F ,-,, , (# - -- - / - - @2( - )/ 3 , , 2F>-&&&, (,22=F, /, & & , - , , / , &/- Table 9 - = 6 2/ &&> , " 2/ " && , >/ " &&>& , >/ " && , Waterlogged City Area, with Climate Change (%) << 4G5 <& 4G25 <2 42G=5 $ %2 %= % % $ # % $ % $ = $# % $ $ $ % 2 > 22 ) >% =% % % ) 2 ) =) % 2 % = 2 % $ 2 2 >) # ) O " +( & ! +, - <% <' - 4=G#5 4# 5 4@?@?@25 %3 , / -/- , ( - 3 ,, ** 4, #5 45 4/ , , 5J 45 4/ -5J45 3 4/&5 ' , - -, 7, -,, , ' = % 4/ - - & 5 (/ - , - , - ( # , , ( G, - /,4/ 5 , -,, ,, ( ;)&, -4, >5F /#, %#, >& )#$, & ( ,2)F, >& F, & 2 ( ,/ -/ / , ,/ Table 10 Cost of Drainage System Improvements for Different Scenarios ("D / - = 2&"D / BH6 D BH6 D 4( 5 4< 5 4( 5 4< 5 4( 5 4< 5 4( 5 4< 5 )#2 $ 2 =) # )) > /2 %$ > $> $ 2 2# = > ) /=$ =$ %#) 2 Cy0O " + , , %F ,-,, , !/ Cy0 , - ! + # 2 ,F, : ,* ( G, 7, , ,, - / , - @ /, 7, 2> - 2/ =2 )$ ) )# ) 2# 4%5 45 4$5 - >- >- >-/ / 2- 2- 2-/ / ,45 , ,45 , , 2 ,45 , , > > ) 2 = $ > )% > E /%$ %% $ )2> =2 /2 />$ )/#=) 2/$)> = 22 ! +, " +( &( , O ) 22 2""2& D / < = =/=2 #) ))# =)2 /2$) )/%2 /$> 2/==> 2 ) 6 /= /%$ )>> />= 2/>#2 2/== #/2)> />$ >#/>)% # >=) B Damage Costs and Adaptation Benefits (Tk million) , - 45 Table 11 ) 2 2 2 $ 2 , #> 2$ % )> /)#) $2 /=% )/=> => >2> / />#> %$ 2/=$$ >/$ #/)= $/># 2#/># %/=$# %> />> ! = / > - %5 '& , Proposed Investment Project (- - , 7 , .2 - L/ , - - ( 4, 8, 95- 3 <>= / , / , / , /&3 / , / , ,, ( , -( ,, /- - -( 7 ,, 2> /, , * - <) , 2< , > (*' :/-.I :/3 , , , ,. Table 12 - = Waterlogged Area in Khulna with Unified Improvement (%) 6 <' - << <& <2 <% 4# < 4G5 4G25 42G=5 4=G#5 5 4@?@?@25 G ;, %# > = = 2 G ;, # ) = = ;, ? # > > > G ;, $= $ = $ ;, ? % = > O " +( & ! +, 2 7HFKQLFDO $VVLVWDQFH WR WKH 3HRSOHIV 5HSXEOLF RI %DQJODGHVK IRU 3UHSDULQJ WKH &LW\ 5HJLRQ 'HYHORSPHQW 3URMHFW * I 0J # &LWLHV 'HYHORSPHQW ,QLWLDWLYH IRU $VLD 6XSSRUW WR .KXOQD &LW\ &RUSRUDWLRQ* I 0 Limitations and Conclusions Limitations ( / /N */1 , 2 - / - , /, -(/ , -, ( , - E , / , / " , . 2 > - 6 ,/ L , /@/ 6 *0 - , - , - / / /--3 ,/ , E// ,, --7 ,/ ,/ -/ /- 4, %5 (/ , 1 , , -/ , /, , - /,& , / - , / ; - ), / - , , - ,, , - ,7,(, / - , / 7 @/ - , , 3 (- ./, ,/ - &,, , - /, & -& /-,, ,, ,& , ! /,- , (/, ( , -4 :/5, / , - 2 1 / / N * &OLPDWH 5LVNV DQG $GDSWDWLRQ LQ $VLDQ &RDVWDO 0HJDFLWLHV $ 6\QWKHVLV 5HSRUW 1 /* '2 '% , ,0 / 4, 5D -/- 7, - /7 & / ,- 7 , :/ ,, - C / , - , / - - - * - ,/7 ,- (, /, , - /, , Conclusions ( - 3 .I-( & - , L , @ , 1- /- 7 , / -- 3, * - .I - / / ,, ( , , , , 0 / 7 3 / , - 7 / %F ,-, , &&& / - < G<$ / , 73 ( G,// :, ( ,, -& 3 , , 7/ , ,, (,7 :, - / -/ , , , , / -/&/ -( 6 ' 3 - - ,, , @ J ,& ,- , ( - I , , - .(, /, , :- - :- ,/ -,/ (/ , - , ,/ / , :C & ,/ ,,/ , - ,,,,,- : - $GDSWLQJWR&OLPDWH&KDQJH ! " # $ ! $ %&'& %&(& ) * ) $ ! * " + $ERXWWKH$VLDQ'HYHORSPHQW%DQN ,-. , / 0 - . " . 1 2 3 4% 5&' 42 %( ,- 6 ,- 78 93 0 , - * 7 ,- , 6 2((& 6 6 / : 583"5%"5&5%"%" / * : /!22%599 / / /
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