What to Do with Texas` Undercrowded Prisons?

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Texas Independent Bar Association
Austin, Texas 78767
Copyright © 2013 Texas Independent Bar Association and the following Commentators
Alan Curry
Helena Faulkner
Jeffrey S. Garon
Lee Haidusek
John G. Jasuta
Charles Mallin
Gail Kikawa McConnell
Angela J. Moore
Doug O’Brien
Greg Sherwood
David A. Schulman
Kevin P. Yeary
Editor-in-Chief: John G. Jasuta
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or document in your web browser.
It is TIBA’s policy that commentators do not summarize or comment on
cases in which they were involved.
Volume 21, Number 17 ~ Monday, April 29, 2013 (No. 958)
Featured Article
What to Do with Texas’ Undercrowded Prisons?
© 2013 - David A. Schulman and John G. Jasuta
RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS
According to figures gleaned from the official website site of the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice (“TDCJ”), Texas currently has 114 facilities, some operated by private
contractors, but the majority operated by the State (see Table “A” attached hereto), which are
capable of housing approximately 164,000 inmates. As the current Texas legislative session
winds down, “inquisitive minds” wonder if there will be an effort by the Legislature to cut some
long terms costs by closing some of the current units.
In an article in the Fort-Worth Star Telegram (“Lawmakers Look to Close Private Prison
in Mineral Wells”), writer Dave Montgomery detailed discussions in the Senate Finance
Committee on the question of whether the State should close the privately run prison in Mineral
Wells. Montgomery quoted Sen. John Whitmire, chair of the Senate’s Criminal Justice
Committee, and who also serves on the Finance Committee, as saying that the State is “sitting
on 12,000 empty beds.” Whitmire, who is in favor of closing the Mineral Wells Unit, said that
Texas should close the unit and “take those savings and plow them back into additional public
John G. Jasuta holds a B.S.Ed. from the University of Texas at Austin and
a JD from St. Mary's University School of Law in San Antonio. He has
worked within the prison system as a member of the Staff Counsel for
Inmates of the former Texas Department of Corrections, has served as
General Counsel to the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles and as a
member of the central staff of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals for over
twenty-four years, rising to the position of Chief Staff Attorney and head of
the writ section of that staff. He co-wrote Texas Criminal Writ Practice with
Catherine Burnett and Rick Wetzel and has written other articles on habeas corpus and some of the
more arcane aspects of that area including time computations under the law. He retired from the
State of Texas in September 2003. Contact John at [email protected].
David A. Schulman, one of the founders of TIBA, has been a co-author of
this report for many years. He was a member of the Court of Criminal
Appeals' staff in 1991-1993, and has been lead counsel in hundreds of direct
appeals and habeas corpus proceedings. David reviews every published
criminal case from the Court of Criminal Appeals and every Court of
Appeals on a daily basis. He has been Board Certified in Criminal Law since
1991 and was the first lawyer to apply for certification in the Criminal
Appellate specialization area. He was one of the first attorneys to become
Board Certified in both Criminal Law and Criminal Appellate law. See his
website at www.davidschulman.com.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 1
safety programs.” The Mineral Wells Unit, which has a capacity of 2,100 inmates, but is
currently housing only 1,600, “is one of Mineral Wells' largest employers, with an annual payroll
of $11.7 million.” It has been operated since 1995 by the Nashville-based Corrections
Corporation of America (“CCA”).
Sen. Craig Estes, whose district includes the prison, voted against the closure, because
he wanted to “fight for people in my district . . .,” demonstrating the politics involved in these
issues. This is easy to understand - Montgomery reports that closing the prison would cost
Mineral Wells 300 jobs.1 One should keep in mind that, unlike Sen. Estes, Sen. Whitmire will
never have to stand for election in Mineral Wells. All that notwithstanding, in March, the
Finance Committee voted 11-4 to close the Mineral Wells facility.2
CCA operates more than 60 facilities nationwide, with a total bed capacity of 90,000. In
Texas, they operate seven units,3 providing nearly 10,000 of our total capacity of 164,000 beds.
CCA also operates five facilities which serve federal law enforcement agencies. One of the voices
calling for the closure of the Mineral Wells Unit is Lance Lowry, leader of a Texas union that
represents prison guards. He has criticized the company for what he said are abuses and poor
management.
In an article in the Austin American Statesman this past Wednesday (“Legislators Spar
over Downsizing Prisons”), staff writer Mike Ward discussed a move by which a “group of
fiscally conservative Republican House
members is pushing to keep open two prisons
the state might not need . . ..” Ward’s article
identified the question as being whether the
State “should close lockups in Mineral Wells
and Dallas to save money.”4
Also mentioned in Ward’s article was an
effort by some West Texas lawmakers to have
the State purchase the Jones County lock-up,
The Empty Jones County Lock-Up
situated north of Abilene. The Jones County
facility is an 1,100-bed lockup which Ward
1
TDCJ reports the Unit has having 302 employees (see Table “A”).
2
See “Senate Committee Votes, 11-4, to Close Pre-parole Facility;” Mineral Wells Index; March 8,
2013.
3
Bartlett State Jail; Bradshaw State Jail; Bridgeport Pre-Parole Transfer Facility; Dawson State Jail;
Lindsey State Jail; Mineral Wells Pre-Parole Transfer Facility; Willacy County State Jail.
4
Ward’s article did not identify the Dallas facility, but, in 2011, a group of legislators unsuccessfully
moved to close the Mineral Wells Unit and the Dawson State Jail (2216 beds), which is also operated
by CCA.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 2
reports the State “encouraged Jones County to build before the prison population began
declining.”
The Jones County facility, which cost $35million to build, and was financed with private
bonds, was the result of a contract between the State and the County to house inmates. The
State backed out of the deal, however, before the unit was finished, leaving Jones County
holding the bag. Ward reported this past Saturday, however, that the Texas House voted to
purchase the unit from Jones County for $19.5million (“House Votes to Buy West Texas Lockup,
Despite Declining Prison Population”).
In an article on “Private Prisons in Texas” earlier this
year, we reported on two other Texas facilities which are
currently on the block. The Bill Clayton Detention Center,
in Littlefield, has a capacity of 383 inmates, and is for sale
for $5million (“Now You Can Buy A Prison In Texas For $5
Million”). The Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe,
which has a capacity of 1288 beds, is for sale for $55million
(“Multiple Firms Show Interest in Corley Facility”).
With all these facilities in-flux or for sale, we are
questioning the wisdom of closing or not buying these
relatively new facilities, the oldest of which is less than 20
years old, when we continue to house inmates in several
very old facilities. Texas currently houses more than 10,000
male inmates in eleven facilities built prior to 1920. We
begin our thoughts by discussing those over-aged units.5
The Huntsville or “Walls” Unit is the oldest unit in
The Walls Unit - Huntsville
the TDCJ system, having been opened in 1849 as the “Texas
State Penitentiary.” The first three prisoners arrived at the unit in October of that year.6 As
anyone who has visited the unit will tell you, it is kept in pretty good shape, especially given its
age. An exception is the “original cell block,” which has been closed for a long time.
The Huntsville Unit has long served as the administrative headquarters of Texas’ prison
system. According to the Texas State Historical Society, the superintendent and the other
executive officers worked in the prison, and all of the central offices of the system's departments
and all of the permanent records were located in the prison.7
5
Not to be confused with the Rufus Duncan facility in Diboll, which houses 275 male inmates, and is
designated as a “GF” or “geriatric facility.
6
See “Correctional Institutions Division” - on the TDCJ website.
7
See “Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville” on the Society’s website (“www.tshaonline.org).
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 3
Texas’ execution chamber is at the Huntsville Unit. Until 1923, executions were a county
function.8 Texas began using the electric chair (“Old Sparky”), and, between 1924 and 1964,
more than 350 inmates were executed by electrocution.9 Texas has utilized “lethal injection”
since 1982, and TDCJ lists nearly 500 “Executed Offenders” since that time.
The Wynne Unit10 is our second oldest unit,
having become part of the prison system in 1883.
Although there is still a farming operation, the
original buildings are long gone. They were replaced
with a “spoke and wheel” design building in 1939.11
In the 1970s, the unit had only 17 day shift
prison guards to oversee its 2,600 prisoners,12 with
most of the “security” left to “building tenders,”13
inmates (often burly) used to guard the other
prisoners. This was the norm in many Texas units
until federal Judge William Wayne Justice compelled
Texas to replace its trusty system with the strictly
Entrance to the Wynne Unit
regulated "Support Service Inmate" (SSI) system, in
Ruiz v. Estelle, 503 F. Supp. 1265 (S.D. Tex. 1980). David Ruiz, coincidentally, was an inmate
at the Wynne Farm,14 as was singer David Crosby, housed there for 5 months following his
1980s drug convictions.
8
The last public hanging was on August 31, 1923, at Angleton, in Brazoria County. Nathan Lee, “an
illiterate middle-aged black sharecropper,” was executed condemned to die for shooting his white
employer dead in a dispute over money.
9
The actual number is either 361 or 362 executions, depending on which resource is viewed -- there
are several.
10
Known as "Wynne Farm” when Mr. Jasuta worked there in the mid-1970s.
11
The spoke and wheel design, also known as the “hub and spoke” design, was first used in 1829 at
Eastern State Penitentiary, in Pennsylvania. See www.phila.gov/prisons/house_of_corrections.htm.
12
The capacity (2600) remains the same, and the Texas Tribune reports there being 2582 inmates
currently confined at Wynne.
13
Building Tenders were “Trusty” inmates given almost all of the duties and authorities historically
assigned to guards.
14
David Ruiz served time in several different Texas prison units.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 4
In 1885, Texas purchased the Harlem
Plantation and opened the “Harlem I Unit” and the
“Harlem II Unit.” Sometime in the 1950s, the units
were renamed the “Jester” units, after former
Governor Beauford H. Jester. “Harlem I” became
“Jester I,” while “Harlem II” became Jester II.”
Today, Jester I is officially known as the “Beaufort
Jester Unit,” while “Jester II” became the “Carol S.
Vance Unit” in 1999, after a former Harris County
DA. Despite their renaming, the two units are most
The Jester Units
often still referred to as “Jester I” and “Jester II.”
Brick buildings at the two units were built in the
early 1930s. Together, the two units can house a total
of approximately 700 inmates.
In 1890 William C. Clemens, the chairperson of
the Texas Prison Board, purchased a parcel of land
adjacent to his plantation and sugar mill. The “Clemens
Unit,” not surprisingly named after Chairman Clemens,
opened in 1893. The State bought the rest of Clemens
plantation in 1899. It still operates as a prison farm
and houses more than 1200 male inmates. Like other
older Texas units, the main buildings at Clemens date
to the early 1930s.
The Goree Unit in
Workers at Clemens Farm circa 1975
Huntsville, named after Thomas
Goree, a 19th Century
superintendent of the Texas prison system, is Texas’ sixth oldest unit. It
opened in 1911 as the “Goree State Farm for Women.” It remained a
women’s prison until the State moved most female inmates to facilities in
Gatesville. Goree has been a mens’ prison since 1982.
According to author Robert Perkinson,15 Goree's main brick
building, which also dates to the early 1930s, “showcases a bygone nod to
rehabilitation.” He thought that Goree appeared “more or less like a
15
See Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire. First Edition. Metropolitan Books, 2010.
252. ISBN 978-0-8050-8069-8.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 5
college dormitory.” Currently, the Goree Unit houses nearly 900 inmates,16 although its stated
capacity is over 1300.
Next to the Wynne Unit, the Ramsey Prison Farm, later known as “Ramsey I” and
“Ramsey II,” and currently known as the “WF Ramsey” and “Mac Stringfellow” units, are the
second largest of Texas’ older units. They are located in Rosharon and opened in July 1908.
With a listed capacity of nearly 1900 inmates, Ramsey currently houses 1665 males inmates,17
while Stringfellow houses 1123 men18 against a capacity of 1212 inmates. Ramsey and
Stringfellow are “co-located” with the much newer TDCJ Terrell Unit on a 16,369 acre parcel
of land.
In 1878, the Imperial Sugar Company began
leasing inmates from the State and using them on its
sugar plantation (“Imperial Plantation”) in
Sugarland, Thirty years later, in 1908, the State
purchased the land and began operating the facility
as the “Imperial State Prison Farm.” It was renamed
the “Central State Prison Farm” in 1930.
In 1963, before racial desegregation occurred,
the Central Unit II housed male African American
second offenders. One of its more famous inmates
was Huddie Ledbetter (“Lead Belly”), who is reported
Inmates at Imperial State Prison Farm 1908
to have written “The Midnight Special”19 while he
was incarcerated there (1918-1925) for killing one of his relatives in a fight over a woman.
Texas’ next oldest units are the Darrington Unit,20 in Rosharon, and the Eastham21 Unit,
in Lovelady. They were both opened in 1917, and house a little over 4,000 inmates (1678 at
16
See www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/units/goree.
17
See www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/units/ramsey.
18
See www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/units/stringfellow.
19
Check out the prison references in the song with Lead Belly singing on YouTube: “Still true today,
"If you ever go to Houston, boy you better walk right.”
20
Believed by TDCJ officials to have been named after the original landowners of the area occupied
by the prison.
21
Names after Mrs. D. Eastham, who in 1896, “leased” 119 inmates from the State for $14.50 per
person per month, to work her farm land. See Perkinson, supra.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 6
Darrington22 and 2363 at Eastham23). The main buildings at both units are brick buildings,
constructed by inmates, dating to the 1930s. Eastham uses a “telephone pole design,” so named
because, when viewed from above, the layout of such a prison resembles the top of a telephone
pole.”24
This brings us to the Wayne Scott Unit. It was opened as the “Retrieve Prison Farm” in
1919, on land formerly occupied by the Retrieve Plantation, which dated to 1839. Sugar was
grown and processed there, and the sugar and syrup making equipment from the plantation was
used long after the prison system began operating the unit. In 2003, the unit was renamed after
a former Executive Director of the Department of Criminal Justice. Like many of TDCJ’s older
prisons, the inmate built brick building housing the cellblocks where inmates are confined dates
to the 1930s. The unit currently houses over 1000 male inmates.
Having discussed Texas’ oldest prison units, we should discuss the long-term problems.
Although the State’s population continues to increase, our prison population is decreasing, at
least for now. While today we have too many beds, we will sooner or later have to deal with
another problem: aging prisons.
The Walls Unit is well-maintained and will probably remain so, given its function as
“home base” for Texas prison system. The other eleven units we have described, each of which
have primary facilities which are all 75-80 years old, collectively house nearly 9,000 male
inmates.
The now closed Central Unit, as it
was later known, sits next to the
Sugarland airport, and is in very close
proximity to the city’s ever-growing
residential developments. In 2011,
citing primarily budget concerns, the
Texas Legislature voted to close the
unit. At the time of its closing, the unit
housed 1500 inmates and had 300
employees. See Budget Writers Agree to
Shut Old Prison, Austin American
Central Unit Main Building Under Construction 1931
Statesman, May 17, 2011.
The Central Unit is no older than
any of the other ten units we described, in that all of the buildings date to the 1930s. It is hard
22
See www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/units/darrington.
23
See www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/units/eastham.
24
See Mary Bosworth, “Encyclopedia of Prisons & Correctional Facilities;” Sage Publications, Inc. ©
2005; see also “Four Main Styles of Prison or Institution Layouts;” Tocarra McConnell © 2006.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 7
to believe, therefore, that it alone merited closing because of its “budgetary” problems. We
believe its location and real estate value is what kept local politicians from vigorously fighting
its closure. As the Houston metropolitan area continues to develop, maybe Mineral Wells
deserves a second look.
Senator Whitmire may well be correct that some units need closing. Closing Mineral
Wells doesn’t hurt Senator Whitmire’s constituents, but perhaps we should look forward to the
not to distant time when, like the Central Unit’s acreage, the land the units south of Houston
sit on simply becomes too valuable - if it isn’t already too valuable.
Maybe a move to the west, so to speak, is in our future. Combine the salary demands of
an urbanzing area, along with increased operating costs when compared to locales in which
land, salaries and costs generally are lower, add it to the fact that the units sought to be closed
by Sen. Whitmire are more modern and up to date than the older south of Houston units, and
maybe the solution becomes obvious.
In Lead Belly’s day Texas prisons had to deal with the crime of the big cities, Houston and
Galveston, the centers of gambling and other prohibited activities, and, given transportation
inadequacies, the locations evolved and made sense. Why not Mineral Wells or Jones County?
Perhaps because it makes sense. So, here are some of our suggestions.
Getting accurate figures about the number of inmates in the TDCJ is difficult, to say the
least. Sen. Whitmire says we have 12,000 empty beds. Using figures from the Texas Tribune
which were touted as accurate in February, nearly 4000 of those empty beds are in units which
currently house females only.
The female only TDCJ units in Gatesville have a capacity of 5,554 beds. The Alfred
Hughes Unit, also in Gatesville but currently housing male inmates, has a capacity of 2984
beds. That means that the combined capacity of the TDCJ units in Gatesville is 8534 beds.
There are less than 7,000 women incarcerated in our prison system.
The two oldest of the women's units are a little over 30 years old, but units providing
more than 6500 beds of the nearly 11,000 bed capacity, and more than 3,200 of the 12,000
currently empty beds, are in female only units built during the Bush-Perry governorships. None
are more than 18 years old.
Why not consolidate females so as to make some of the newer female units available for
service as male units. This is exactly what the prison system did when it moved its female
inmates from the Goree Unit (home of the fabled “Goree All Girl String Band” singing group)25
to the new units in Gatesville in the early 1980s.
We understand this is a complicated question. We think it should not be a question
resolved by elected officials, but will be best handled by bean counters (and only bean counters).
25
The "Goree All Girl String Band," popularly known as "The Goree Girls," was a band of eight female
prisoners of the Goree Unit in the 1940s. It was one of the first all female country and western bands
in the United States. See Skip Hollandsworth, "O Sister, Where Art Thou?" Texas Monthly. May 2003.
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 8
We also understand it is complicated by the fact of the politics involved - it always has been.
Nevertheless, the plan we have laid out is one solution -- there are certainly more.
Emptying females units and populating them with males would allow TDCJ to close some
of the very old units, many or most of which are located on land, the value of which is rising
rapidly. Closing those units would allow TDCJ to lower its long-term maintenance costs, and
make available some very prime real estate in the Houston area -- which the State could sell off
to generate considerable funds. It’s something we should consider.
Table A - TDCJ Facilities
0
Opened
Unit Name
Location
Employees
Inmates
1
1849
Huntsville (Walls)
Huntsville
430
1705
2
1883
John Wynne
Huntsville
770
2621
3
1885 (1932)
Beauford Jester
Richmond
121
323
4
1885 (1933)
Carol Vance (J-II)
Richmond
115
378
5
1893
Clemens
Brazoria
339
1215
6
1907
Thomas Goree
Huntsville
335
1321
7
July 1908
WF Ramsey
Rosharon
424
1891
8
July 1908
Mac Stringfellow
Rosharon
310
1212
9
April 1909
Central Unit
Sugarland
0
0
10
1917
Darrington
Rosharon
568
1931
11
1917
Eastham
Lovelady
617
2474
12
September 1919
Wayne Scott
Angleton
289
1130
13
June 1962
Jim Ferguson
Midway
578
2421
14
May 1964
James Byrd
Huntsville
282
1365
15
June 1965
HH Coffield
Tenn Colony
892
3818
16
July 1965
OB Ellis
Huntsville
599
2482
17
June 1980
George Beto
Tenn Colony
607
3471
18
August 1980
Christina Crain
Gatesville
716
2115
19
April 1981
Hilltop
Gatesville
264
553
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 9
Table A - TDCJ Facilities
0
Opened
Unit Name
Location
Employees
Inmates
20
July 1982
Jester III
Richmond
303
1131
21
July 1982
OL Luther
Navasota
318
1316
22
July 1982
Louis Powledge
Palestine
294
1147
23
May 1983
Hospital Galveston
Galveston
487
365
24
September 1983
Wallace Pack
Navasota
329
1478
25
September 1983
CR Terrell
Rosharon
452
1603
26
June 1984
Jim Estelle
Hunstville
680
3480
27
September 1987
Mark Michael
Tenn Colony
796
2984
28
November 1987
Bridgeport PTF
Bridgeport
66
200
29
July 1988
Skyview
Rusk
387
562
30
June 1989
Kyle CC
Kyle
117
520
31
August 1989
Bridgeport CC
Bridgeport
116
520
32
August 1989
Price Daniel
Snyder
260
1384
33
August 1989
Sandy Estes
Venus
190
1040
34
September 1989
Cleveland CC
Liberty
133
520
35
November 1989
William Hobby
Marlin
303
1384
36
1989
Mineral Wells
Mineral Wells
302
2100
37
January 1990
Alfred Hughes
Gatesville
754
2984
38
March 1990
William Clements
Amarillo
1093
3798
39
March 1990
LV Hightower
Dayton
335
1384
40
August 1990
Gib Lewis
Woodville
585
2232
41
August 1991
TL Roach
Childless
296
1884
42
January 1992
Adolph Briscoe
Dilley
258
1384
43
June 1992
Marlin TF
Marlin
127
606
44
June 1992
San Saba TF
San Saba
130
606
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 10
Table A - TDCJ Facilities
0
Opened
Unit Name
Location
Employees
Inmates
45
June 1992
Tulia TF
Tulia
128
606
46
July 1992
Cotulla TF
Cotula
105
605
47
July 1992
Fort Stockton TF
Fort Stockton
119
606
48
August 1992
William Boyd
League
292
1372
49
August 1992
Rufus Duncan GF
Diboll
139
606
50
August 1992
West Texas ISF
Brownfield
53
275
51
September 1992
William McConnell
Belville
578
2984
52
September 1992
French Robertson
Abilene
742
2984
53
October 1992
Rufe Jordan
Pampa
219
1008
54
October 1992
Preston Smith
Lamesa
419
2234
55
January 1993
Lockhart CF
Lockhart
188
1000
56
January 1993
Ruben Torres
Hondo
302
1384
57
June 1993
Mark Stiles
Beaumont
756
2981
58
November 1993
Jester IV
Richmond
438
550
59
November 1993
Allan Polunsky
Livingston
743
2984
60
December 1993
Joe Gurney TF
Palestine
428
2128
61
December 1993
South Texas ISF
Houston
117
450
62
January 1994
CA Holliday TF
Huntsville
452
2128
63
January 1994
John Middleton TF
Abilene
501
2128
64
February 1994
Garza East TF
Beeville
458
2468
65
April 1994
Clarence Stevenson
Cero
275
1384
66
May 1994
Garza West TF
Belville
417
2278
67
May 1994
Daniel Wallace
Colorado City
268
1448
68
July 1994
Thomas Havens
Brownwood
153
596
69
August 1994
Walker Sayle
Breckenridge
143
632
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 11
Table A - TDCJ Facilities
0
Opened
Unit Name
Location
Employees
Inmates
70
September 1994
James Lynaugh
Fort Stockton
282
1416
71
November 1994
Larry Gist SJ
Beaumont
378
2276
72
December 1994
E Glossbrenner
San Diego
116
612
73
December 1994
John Montford
Lubbock
775
1044
74
December 1994
Nathaniel Neal
Amarillo
389
1732
75
February 1995
Dalhart
Dalhart
239
1398
76
March 1995
Jerry Hodge
Rusk
335
989
77
March 1995
Ellen Halbert
Burnet
135
612
78
March 1995
Joe Ney SJ
Hondo
132
576
79
March 1995
Jim Rudd TC
Brown field
144
512
80
March 1995
Manuel Segovia
Edinburgh
229
1224
81
March 1995
JB Wheeler SJ
Plain view
127
576
82
April 1995
Hutchins SJ
Dallas
405
2276
83
April 1995
Baten ISF
Pampa
78
420
84
May 1995
Dempsie Henley
Dayton
129
576
85
May 1995
Dominguez SJ
San Antonio
358
2276
86
May 1995
Choice Moore
Bonham
247
1224
87
May 1995
Lucile Plane
Dayton
403
2291
88
June 1995
James Allred
Iowa Park
955
3722
89
June 1995
Diboll CC
Diboll
135
518
90
June 1995
Clyde Johnston
Winnsboro
157
612
91
June 1995
Richard LeBlanc
Beaumont
245
1224
92
June 1995
Billy Moore
Overton
118
500
93
July 1995
Bradshaw SJ
Henderson
266
1980
94
July 1995
John Connally
Kennedy
545
2232
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 12
Table A - TDCJ Facilities
0
Opened
Unit Name
Location
Employees
Inmates
95
July 1995
Glen Goodman
Jasper
150
612
96
July 1995
Pam Lechner SJ
Humble
415
2276
97
July 1995
Mountain View
Gatesville
316
645
98
July 1995
Barry Belford
New Boston
730
2872
99
August 1995
Cole SJ
Bonham
900
229
100
September 1995
Formby SJ
Plan view
293
1100
101
September 1995
Lindsey SJ
Jacksboro
198
1031
102
October 1995
Bartlett SJ
Bartlett
199
1049
103
October 1995
Willacy County
Raymondville
163
1069
104
November 1995
Lane Murray
Gatesville
361
1341
105
February 1996
Rogelio Sanchez
El Paso
277
1100
106
February 1996
Carole Young
Dickinson
311
445
107
February 1997
Travis County SJ
Austin
263
1161
108
April 1997
Dick Ware
Colorado City
167
916
109
June 1997
Linda Woodman SJ
Gatesville
260
900
110
July 1997
Dawson SJ
Dallas
456
2216
111
July 1997
JW Hamilton
Bryan
256
1156
112
November 1997
Lopez SJ
Edinburgh
247
1100
113
October 1997
Joe Vegans SJ
Houston
159
667
114
March 2004
East Texas XQ
Henderson
500
2236
39743
163796
TOTALS:
TIBA’s Texas Law Reporter - Vol. 21, No. 17 - April 29, 2013 - Page 13