LTE Advanced—Evolving and expanding in to new

August 2014
LTE Advanced—Evolving
and expanding in to new
frontiers
1
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Brings carrier aggregation and
its evolution – led by Qualcomm
Technologies
2
Enables hyper-dense HetNets;
Further gains with enhanced
receivers
3
Extends benefits of LTE to
unlicensed spectrum
4
Expands LTE in to new frontiers
– device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
2
LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements
Leverage wider bandwidth
Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers,
multiple bands, and across licensed and
unlicensed spectrum
F1
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4
Carrier
aggregation
Up to
100 MHz
Higher
data rates
(bps)
LTE Carrier #5
Leverage more antennas
MIMO
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User
MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4
Higher spectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Leverage HetNets
Higher spectral
efficiency per
coverage area
With advanced interference
management (FeICIC/IC)
(bps/Hz/km2)
Small Cell Range Expansion
3
Carrier Aggregation rapidly
expanding and evolving—led
by Qualcomm
4
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #1
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #2
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #4
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #5
Higher peak data rates
1The
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Higher user data rates and
lower latencies for all users
Up to
100 MHz
More capacity for typical
‘bursty’ usage1
Leverages all
spectrum assets
typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
5
Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
Typical bursty
smartphone applications
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
Burst Rate
(normalized)
6
2 10MHz Single Carriers
Pandora
User experience
Skype
Data bursts
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
5
You
Tube
4
3
2
Partially
loaded
carriers
1
Capacity gain can exceed 2x
(for same user experience)1
0
Idle time
0
63
6
12
9
18
12
24
15
30
Load
(Mbps)
1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
6
Carrier aggregation gaining momentum – Led by Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc.
8974
LTE Advanced
9x35
9x25
LTE Advanced
(Cat4)
World’s 1st LTE Advanced
carrier aggregation
(Launched Jun 2013)
150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)
10 + 10 MHz in downlink
QTI’s 3rd generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
LTE Advanced
(Cat6)
LTE Advanced Cat 6
(300 Mbps)
(Announced Nov 2013)
300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)
20 + 20 MHz in downlink
QTI’s 4th generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
7
Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE
New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution
4th Generation LTE modem
40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)
One chip, all carrier
aggregation combinations
Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA
4th generation LTE transceiver
300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)
1st 28nm RF
FDD/TDD Support
1st 20nm modem
~3x* more CA band combinations
HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation
Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier
aggregation
Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
8
Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation
QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning
~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP
Japan
China
Europe
North America
B4 + B17
B4 + B13
B4 + B12
B5 + B12
B2 + B17
B4 + B5
B5 + B17
B4 + B7
B2 + B5
B2 + B29
B4 + B29
B2 + B4
B2 + B13
B23 + B29
B2 + B12
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous 41
Non Contiguous B4
Non Contiguous B25
B3 + B7
B3 + B20
B7 + B20
B8 + B20
B39 + B41
B1 + B7
Contiguous B38
Contiguous B7
Contiguous B3
Contiguous 40
Non Contiguous 41
Contiguous B39
B11 + B18
B3 + B28
B1 + B8
B1 + B18
B1 + B19
B1 + B21
B1 + B26
B3 + B19
B19 + B21
Contiguous B1
Requirements:
700-2700 MHz
Inter-Band CA
Intra-Band CA
Wider Bandwidth
TDD CA
FDD CA
South Korea
South America
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous B7
Australia
B3 + B8
B3 + B28
B3 + B8
B1 + B5
B3 + B5
B3 + B26
B8 + B26
Non Contiguous B3
RFFE
+
Modem
Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations
9
Advanced multiple antenna
techniques for more capacity
10
More antennas—large gain from receive diversity
Downlink
1.8x
4x4 MIMO
4 Way
Receive
Diversity
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
1.7x
Diversity,
MIMO
1x
NodeB
Device
2 x 2 MIMO
LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
Relative spectral efficiency
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
11
Leverage fiber backhaul installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience
Coordinated scheduling
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Coordinated beamforming
Macro
Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Central
processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
12
Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink
It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
Small Cell Range Expansion
(FeICIC/IC)
Macro
Only
Macro+
4 Picos
with Range Expansion
LTE R8
1X
LTE R8
1.4X
LTE Advanced
2.8X
Macro+
4 Picos
Data rate improvement2
Higher capacity, network load balancing,
enhanced user experience, user fairness
1By
applying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced timedomain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
13
Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced
interference management (FeICIC/IC)
~37X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~21XSMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~11X SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~6X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+4 Small
Cells
+8 Small
Cells
+16 Small
Cells
+32 Small
Cells
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells added1
LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + [email protected],D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
14
LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers
Further
improving LTE
Advanced
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Evolving carrier
aggregation
Further
Enhanced HetNets
More advanced antenna
features and 256 QAM
Higher capacity for
Machine-to-machine and
Smartphone signaling
Enhanced
Receivers
for superior
performance
Rel. 12 & beyond
New
Frontiers
Device
Interference cancellation
700MHz
to 3.8GHz
LTE Advanced in
unlicensed spectrum
~3.5 GHz
/ ASA
LTE Broadcast
going beyond mobile
LTE Direct for
device to device
Higher bands & new
licensing models
(Authorized Shared Access)
15
Carrier aggregation evolution,
Enhanced Hetnets
16
LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve
Leveraging all spectrum assets
Across cells (Multiflow)
(Supported in Rel. 12)
FDD/TDD Aggregation
Across licensed/ unlicensed
(Supported in Rel. 12)
(Specific band combinations to be defined)
Paired
Traditional
Licensed
Unpaired
ASA/LSA
Licensed
Unlicensed
(LTE)
Anchor
3GPP continually defines
band combinations
Aggregated
Data Pipe
17
MultiFlow – Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across
macros and small cells
Small cell “Booster”
Macro “Anchor”
Macro
Improved offload
to small cells
Higher cell-edge
data rates
Robust
mobility
18
Further enhancing HetNets performance
User deployed 3G/4G
Operator deployed 3G/4G
Typically indoor small cells
Indoor/outdoor small cells1
4G Relays
& Wireless
Backhaul
ENTERPRISE
RESIDENTIAL
1
METRO
Multiflow—Improve
offload to small cells
Enhanced device
receiver
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum
LTE/Wi-Fi tight
interworking
Dual-cell connectivity
across cells
Data channel interference
cancellation for even more gain
Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with
unified LTE network & small cells
Converged small cells
with LTE & Wi-Fi
Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets
19
Enhanced receivers for superior
LTE Advanced performance
20
Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity
Interference Cancellation
Interference
Cancellation
Rel. 10/11
Re. 12
Sync ref. signal
Common ref. signal
Primary broadcast
channel
Data channel
Better user experience
Higher data rates especially at
cell-edges
Higher network capacity
Higher users data rate increases
overall network capacity
Enhanced performance
for HetNets
Even more beneficial in managing
interference in small cell deployments
21
Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance
Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego
Higher network capacity
140
Macro 1
Throughout
120
100
80
Rel. 10/11
Receiver
Enhanced
Receiver
60
40
Pico 2
Pico 3
Pico 4
20
Pico 5
0
Increased cell-edge data rates
Throughout
30
Enhanced
Receiver
25
20
15
10
Rel. 10/11
Receiver
5
0
22
Extending the benefits of LTE
Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
23
Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
Better network performance
Enhanced user experience
Longer range and increased capacity
Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in
licensed spectrum with robust mobility
LTE in
Licensed
spectrum
700MHz to 3.8GHz
Ideal for
small cells
Carrier
aggregation
LTE in
Unlicensed
spectrum
5 GHz
Unified LTE Network
Coexists with Wi-Fi
Common LTE network with common
authentication, security and management.
Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors
24
Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale
LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels
Large scale, global
1 LTE deployments
in unlicensed spectrum
2 LTE
for USA, Korea and China
268+ network launches
in 100+ countries1
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
launched June 2013
Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2
Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands
in unlicensed
3 LTE
spectrum everywhere
Extend deployment to regions with
‘Listen Before Talk’ (LBT) regulations
Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier
discovery and expanded uplink coverage
Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard
Common core network
with common mobility, security,
authentication and more.
R10
Ideal for
small cells
Converged 3G/4G small cells with
LTE for licensed and unlicensed
spectrum as well as Wi-Fi
Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum
1Per
GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.
25
Making LTE broadcast dynamic
and extending to terrestrial TV
26
LTE broadcast is commercial – Powered by Qualcomm®
Snapdragon™ processors
800
LTE Advanced
st
1
World’s 1st LTE
Broadcast solution
Gobi LTE Modem
integrated into
Snapdragon 800
KT Corp launches world’s first commercial LTE
Broadcast service
By Nick Wood, Total Telecom
Monday 27, January 2014
South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile
TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.
KT Corp on Monday launched the world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service,
delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.
Called ‘Olleh LTE Play’, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast
multicast services) solutions developed in …
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128
27
LTE broadcast – Higher capacity even with fewer users
Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum
7X
Unicast
LTE Broadcast
3X
1.7X
X
1 user/ cell
X
2 users/cell
X
5 users /cell
Network capacity/throughput
Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) 28
is based
on the same amount of resource allocation.
Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility
Event or demand driven
Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only
during games)
Users accessing
same content
on unicast
Users moved to
broadcast
Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)
Seamless transition
Make-before–break connection
Fully transparent to user
Part of Rel. 121
Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast
(based on operator configured triggers)
1This
feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12
29
Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast
Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices
LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network
(SFN) for the whole coverage area
-
LTE
(Unicast)
Enhanced user experience
in the “Assisted Mode”
(e.g. On-demand content,
interactivity )
Assisted
Mode
Using LTE sites/infrastructure
LTE Broadcast on a dedicated
spectrum
Broadcast TV
Stand-alone
Mode
Devices in
“Stand-alone” or “Assisted” mode
~2x Higher capacity than today’s broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC)
- Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband
Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B
operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.
30
LTE Direct – Operator-owned global
platform for continuous proximity
awareness
31
Designed for autonomous “Always-ON” discovery
Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness
DISCOVERY
LTE
Up to 500m range
LTE
20s
Discover 1000s of services in
milliseconds
64ms
Privacy sensitive
Device based, connectionless discovery
– without location tracking
Negligible LTE capacity impact
<1% of uplink resources for thousands of services
Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system
32
Operator platform that enables new mobile services
Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale
Operator owned LTE Direct platform
Common discovery network
Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator
Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators
Expected to be in every Rel 12 device
Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard
33
Utilizing higher bands & new licensing
models (Authorized Shared Access)
34
ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use
Exclusive Use
Used in both macros and small cells
Incumbents (i.e., government) may not
use spectrum at all times and locations
Small cells can be closer to incumbent
than macros
3G/4G Macro Base
Station
Protects spectrum incumbents
Binary use – either incumbent or
rights holder with protection zones
1No
Incumbent
user
3G/4G Small Cells
Regular
Multi-band
Device1
Incentive-based cooperation model
Allows incumbents to monetize
unused spectrum
device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.
35
ASA/LSA1 – Implementation underway in Europe and USA
POLICY
Endorsed
by 28 EU member
states Nov ’13
Evaluation by NTIA
Endorsed by 28 EU
member states Nov ’13
1
REGULATORY
Defined by CEPT
in report published in Feb ’142
for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3
STANDARDS
Specified by ETSI
Currently working on
requirements
OPERATOR
INTEREST
PROOF OF
CONCEPT
Demonstrated
by many infra/device
vendors; 2.3 GHz and
3.5 GHz demos at MWC
Feb ‘14
Trialed
Live in Finland in
Sep’13
Proposed by FCC
To make 3.5GHz4 band
dedicated to licensed shared
access for mobile broadband
ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on “harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400
MHz for MFCN;” 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz
36
LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler
Continue to evolve LTE:
-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
-- Opportunistic HetNets
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Hetnets with FeICIC/IC
Full interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
More Small Cells is Key to 1000x
37
Qualcomm Technologies LTE advanced leadership
Standards Leadership
Industry-first Demos
A main contributor to key
LTE Advanced features
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet
Demo with Mobility
Instrumental in driving interference
cancellation and other Hetnets features
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic
HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility.
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE
in unlicensed spectrum
Industry-first Chipsets from QTI
World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13)
First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14)
LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution
announced in Nov. ‘13
MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with datachannel interference cancellation
800
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
MDM 9x35
LTE Advanced
LTE Advanced
World’s 1st LTE
Advanced solution
300Mpbs (Cat 6)
solution
38
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Brings carrier aggregation and
its evolution – led by Qualcomm
Technologies
2
Enables hyper-dense HetNets;
Further gains with enhanced
receivers
3
Extends benefits of LTE to
unlicensed spectrum
4
Expands LTE in to new frontiers
– device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
39
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©2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm, Snapdragon and Gobi are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. A ll trademarks of Qualcomm
Incorporated are used with permission. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their re spective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units
within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a whollyowned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering , research and development
functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business.
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